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اوجه التشابه والاختلاف بين مرضي النيوكاسل والانفلونزا

Author name: علي مهدي محمود ماتي
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • دواجن_امراض

التسمم الوشيقي في دجاج اللحم

Author name: حيدر عبد الامير زبالة الكرعاوي
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • دواجن _امراض

المعزز الحيوي واهميته في تربية الدواجن

Author name: مشتاق طالب بكر الزهيري
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • الدواجن _امراض

دراسة مقارنة للقاحات مرض نيوكاسل المختلفة بطريقة التلقيح في اجنحة الدجاج

Author name: صبيحة عبد علي الشمري
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • دواجن _ امراض

Effect Of Marek,S Disease On Chickens Immunity

Author name: al khalidy . akram A . H
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • poultry - diseases

دراسة ميدانية للاصابة بمرض ميرك في الدجاج الملقح في العراق

Author name: عماد عبد الغفور عزيز الشواني
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • الدواجن - امراض

دراسة مقارنة لتقييم اللقاحات المبطلة ضد مرض نيوكاسل المنتجة محليا في افراخ اللحم

Author name: محاسن عبد الرزاق خضير
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • دواجن - امراض

تحضير وتقييم جرع مختلفة للقاح نيوكاس المحلي (ابوغريب 68) في دجاج اللحم

Author name: تحسين عبود صريحي السعيدي
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • دواجن - امراض

دراسة مرضية نسيجية لحالات شلل الرقبة في دجاج اللحم

Author name: ذكرى عبد الحسين حسن العلي
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • دواجن - امراض

Isolation And Identification Of Infectious Bronchitis Virus And Experimental Infection In Broilers

Author name: Mohammed Abdulkadhim Hussein
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Poultry - Diseases

مسح ميداني ودراسة نسيجية مرضية للاصابات التنفسية البكتيرية في دجاج اللحم في محافظتي بغداد والنجف

Author name: حميد عبد الحسين مجبل التميمي
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • دواجن - امراض

Study The Effect Of Soluble B Glucan On Immune Responses Of Broiler Chickens Vaccinated With Newcastle Disease Vaccine And Reared Under Heat Stress

Author name: Ihab Ahmed Naser
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Newcastle disease vaccine

Immunization Of Broiler Chickens With Sonicated Ocyst Of

Author name: Aws El - Muntasir Hussien
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Chickens - Diseases

دراسة تاثير بعض الاضافات على الاستجابة المناعية ووزن الجسم والتغيرات النسجية لفروج اللحم الملقح بلقاح مرض النيوكاسل == A Study The Effect of Some Additives On Immune Response And Body Weight And Histological Changes For Broiler Chicks Vaccinated With Newcastle Disease Vaccine

Author name: هبة تركي عطية الرماحي
Supervisor name: نافع صبيح جاسم
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت? هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تاثير بعض الاضافات في الاستجابة المناعية والوزن والتغيرات النسجية في الامعاء الدقيقة. حيث تم تقسيم (350) طيرا من فروج اللحم بعمر يوم واحد من نوع Ross 308) ) غير مجنسة , وزعت عشوائيا الى (7) معاملات تغذوية متساوية وهذه المعامل | This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feed additives on immune response , weight and histological changes in small intestine. A total of (350) broiler chicks one - day old (Ross 380) - unsexed were randomly divided in to (7) equal dietary treatment groups , as fallows : Treatment (T1) : Basal diet without any addition ( control group).Treatment (T2) : Basal diet + Garlic 4cc/10 LTreatment (T3) : Basal diet + Saccharomyces cervisiae 2.5gm/10 L.Treatment (T4) : Basal diet +Stpire 2.5cc/10 L.Treatment (T5) : Basal diet +B. glucan 8gm/10 kgTreatment (T6) : Basal diet + Levamisole 1gm/kg.Treatment (T7) : Basal diet + Neomycin 0.5 gm/L.These additions were presented on the first day of the arrival for 5 days, and on the day of first vaccination for 5 days and at the end of experiment for 5 days also. This chicks vaccinated with NDV on the day one of age by injection in the neck and re - vaccinated at day 10 of age with LaSota, Body weight were weekly determined. ,blood samples were collected from wing vein for ELISA test in ( 4,18,27 ) days old respectively. The results as following : - 1 - Treatment of levamisole (T6) were significantly increased ( p<0.05) in (T2, T5) in level of Abs production against ND virus.2 - Chicks feed diet with saccharomyces cerevisiae showed significantly increased ( p<0.05) in body weight among all experimental group , and improvement in weight in (T6,T7) with other group.3 - Chicks feed diet with (T7) showed improvement in villus hight and in the ( T3, T4).

عزل وتشخيص النمط المصلي O78 : K80 لاشريشيا القولون الممرضة للطيور من دجاج اللحم ودراسة اصابتها تجريبيا == Isolation And Identification of Avian Pathogenic E. Coli O78 : K80 Serotype From Broilers And Study of Its Experemintal Infection

Author name: رجاء عبد الزهرة علي
Supervisor name: علي عبد سهم المياح
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Diseases And Poultry Diseases
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: الايشريشيات القولونية مسئولة عن احداث حالات مرضية مختلفة تسبب خسائر اقتصادية ناتجة عن الهلاكات العالية وانخفاض معدل التحويل الغذائي والخسائر في اتلاف الجثث والاعضاء المصابة بعد الذبح.تم في الدراسة الحالية فحص 70عينة من افراخ فروج اللحم الهالكة او التي كا | Escherichia coli (E. coli) is responsible for a variety of diseases conditions which cause high economic losses in poultry due to high mortalities, decreased food conservation rate and condemnation of whole affected carcass or organs after slaughter. In the present study, 50 out of 70 broiler chickens which have been collected from diseased chickens were exhibited lesions of fibrinous perihepatitis, fibrinous pericarditis and/or airsacculitis. Birds with these lesions were subjected for bacteriological examination. The examination revealed isolation of 23 E. coli isolates with incidence of 46%. Concerning the virulence factors , Congo red binding activity of these isolates reveled detection of 6 positive isolates with incidence of 26.08%. Serotyping showed that out of 6 Congo red positive strains, only 3 strains were serologically typed and were belonged to the serotype O78 : K80. Detection of pathogenic E. coli serotypes was confirmed by PCR technique with specific primers for fimA and fimH genes. All these 3 isolates of the serotype O78 : K80 were reacted with these 2 genes. Antimicrobial suscebtibility pattern displayed sensitivity of these isolates to Chloramphinicol and Gentamicin and their resistance to Amoxicillin, Erythromycin and Nalidixic acid. Experimental infection has been made with this isolate. Two groups of broiler chickens were used the first at one day old and the second at 5 weeks of age. Signs, lesions, histopathological changes were revealed that the first experiment was differed from the second through the presence of pus in the bursa of Fabricius, but hemorrhage in the lungs tissue occur in two experiments.

Coccidiosis In Poultry

Author name: يثرب خضر عبيس
Supervisor name: نافع صبيح جاسم
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر الكوكسيديا في الدواجن واحدة من الامراض الرئيسية التي تؤثر على اداء الدواجن المرباة تحت نظام الانتاج المكثف الذي يؤثر على صناعة الدواجن في جميع انحاء العالم، بخسائر اقتصادية كبيرة عن طريق قلة التحويل الغذائي وخفض الانتاجية. هذا ليس فقط يعيق نمو الدجا | Coccidiosis in poultry is still considered as one of the main diseases affecting performance of poultry reared under intensive production system that affects the poultry industry worldwide , having major economic losses in poultry by reducing performance and decreasing productivity.this disease not only hinders the growth of chickens but also facilitates other epidemic diseases. Coccidiosis is mainly controld by prophylactic coccidioststs administrated in the feed. However , the extensive use of these drugs has resulted in the development of drug resistance by Eimeria spp., Which causes Coccidiosis.The aim of the study was to updated the recent information of of infection,gross evaluation of the intestinal tract and microscopic evaluation of wet smear are used as routine diagnostic methods and to acquire data on the prevalence of coccidiosis and drug resistance of field isolated in chickens,Frequent use of anticoccidial drugs ,however , has resulted in the development of resistance in the Eimerian spp. Because farmers mainly rely on the prophylactic and therapeutic use of chemicals for the control of avian coccidiosis. Increasing awareness about populic health hazards associated with drug residues in food chain has also added to the constraints in using synthetic drugs for treatment and control of disease in animals and control methods according to the collected formation chickens were in danger of clinical coccidiosis , and here coccidia generated a certine degree of resistance and not easy ty control in our industry in Iraq because of that the poultry industry in Iraq is not as integrated system without strict biosecurity. The study also highlight the information on the anticoccidial vaccines are in the market with controversial efficacy.

تشخيص فايروس التهاب القصبات المعدي في حقول دجاج اللحم في محافظة ذي قار باستخدام تقنية الاليزا (ELISA) وتفاعل سلسلة البلمرة المنعكس في الوقت الحقيقي (rRT - PCR) == Identification of Infectious Bronchitis Virus In Thi - Qar Province In Broilers Farms By Using ELISA and rRT - PCR

Author name: ظافر ياسر عزيز الفاضلي
Supervisor name: نافع صبيح جاسم
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة لتقييم مدى انتشار مرض التهاب القصبات المعدي الفيروسي في دجاج اللحم في محافظة ذي قار, قسمت منطقة الدراسة جغرافيا الى خمسة مناطق (شمالية, جنوبية, غربية , شرقية, مركزية) حيث تمت الدراسة على عشرون حقل دجاج لحم غير ملقحة اربعة قاعات من كل منط | The current study was conducted for evaluation of prevalence of IB in broilers in the Thi - Qar province, which geographically divided into five regions, (Northern, Southern, Western, Eastern and central area), twenty broiler farms without history of previous vaccination, four from each region were included in this study. Serum and autopsies were collected from affected birds after recording of the clinical signs that observed on the birds; positive serum samples that detected by rapid test were used for evaluation the antibodies titrations by ELISA technique, while the histological specimens (trachea, lung and kidney) were used for detection of histopathological changes and detection of presence of the IBV infection by molecular approach (real time - PCR). The clinical manifestation includes : typical respiratory sings of IB infections, with depression, rough feather, and assembling near the heat source, as well as some birds were found dead with mortality rate ranging between 30 - 80%. Also 96 serum samples were collected from other broiler farms as following ( 42 asymptomatic vaccinated, 54 asymptomatic non - vaccinated, 26 symptomatic vaccinated) for ELISA and real time PCR tests. The result of rapid test showed that the percentages were different among the areas of study when the southern area revealed the highest percentage (80%) among the others followed by the northern area and western (70%), then central and eastern(65%). The results of ELISA showed a high titer for antibody of IBV in all these farms in areas of the study, but the highly significant results (P<0.05) were found in the southern area(7032.2±1640.92) and then northern area (5722.18±2060.1), a less significant differences were in central and eastern areas (3188.11±742.45; 3161.8±52.6) respectively. In relation to age, the high titer of IB antibodies in total 20 farm by ELISA were recorded in 12 farms at 4 weeks of age (60%) followed by 4 farms at 5 weeks of age (20%), 3 farms at 3 weeks of age (15%) and 1 farm at 2 weeks of age (5%), while there is no recorded infection in farms at 6 ages. According to history of vaccination and clinical manifestation of tested birds, most of the tested flocks showed high level of antibody titers to IBV by ELISA technique in asymptomatic vaccinated chickens samples 38/42 (90%) followed by asymptomatic non vaccinated chickens 8 (14.8%) and symptomatic vaccinated chickens 6(23.07%). While rRT - PCR showed that 69 ( 80%) sample were revealed positive results. The most important gross lesion observed on immediately the necropsy after death were tracheal congestion, caseous exudates in the trachea, pneumonia, airsacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis, as well as, nephritis; while The histopathological changes were summarized by desquamation of tracheal epithelial cells and hemorrhage with infiltration of inflammatory cells specially lymphocyte cells, hyperplasia of epithelial cells with hemorrhage, lung sections showed severe infiltration of inflammatory cells mostly lymphocyte cells and severe congestion with spots of pneumonia and the histopathological changes in kidneys were characterized by tubules degeneration , glomerular distention with severe hemorrhage and lymphocyte infiltration.

التحري عن اهم الامراض الفيروسية التنفسية في دجاج اللحم باستخدام فحص الاليزا (ELISA) وتقنية تفاعل سلسلة البلمرة المنعكس في الوقت الحقيقي (rRT - PCR) في محافظة الديوانية == Detection of Certain Viral Respiratory Diseases In Broiler Chickens By ELISA And Real Time RT - PCR Technique In Al - Diwaniyia Province

Author name: عباس هادي جاسم المحمودي
Supervisor name: نافع صبيح جاسم
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد انفلونزا الطيور والتهاب القصبات المعدي والنيوكاسل من الامراض المهمة اقتصاديا في صناعة الدواجن.صممت الدراسة الحالية لتسليط الضوء على دور فيروسات ND, IB, AI , ومعرفة مدى انتشارها في احداث الاوبئة التنفسية في دجاج اللحم باستخدام تقنية الاستنساخ المن | Avian influenza, Newcastle disease and Infectious bronchitis are diseases that have economical importance in poultry industry. This study was designed to clarify the roles of IBV, AIV and NDV in an outbreaks of respiratory diseases in broiler chickens by using ELISA and real time RT - PCR assay in Al - Diwaniyia province , Iraq. A total of 30 commercial broiler flocks with high mortality (20 to 80 %) in Al - Diwaniyia province were investigated.Tracheal swabs and tissue specimens ( Trachea, lung, kidney and cecal tonsils ) were tested initially by rapid test for detection of Infectious bronchitis virus ( IBV ) , Influenza type A virus ( AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV).The total results of rapid immunochromatography assay showed that out of 30 flocks 28 ( 93.33%) were positive for IBV and 21(70%) flocks were positive for AIV while 4(13.33%) flocks were positive for NDV. Blood samples were collected for detection of antibodies against IBV, AIV & NDV in serum samples , the results of indirect ELISA showed that out of 30 flocks were 30(100%) gave positive result with indirect ELISA test for IBV and 23(76.67%) flocks were positive for AIV (H9 ) whereas 5(16.67%) flocks showed positive result for NDV. The result of rRT - PCR showed out of 30 (100%) flocks were positive for IBV and 23(76.67%) positive for AIV (H9) whereas 5(16.67%) flocks were gave positive results for NDV. In conclusion the high positivity in the examined broiler flocks were mainly due to mixed infections of IBV, AIV(H9) and NDV, However we concluded that IBV and AIV were most important causes of respiratory diseases in this study. Also this study demonstrated that Real time qRT - PCR technique and ELISA were rapid and accurate as diagnostic tool in early detection of IBV, AIV and NDV.

استخــدام فحصي الاليـزا واثباط التلازن الدموي في تحديد معيار الاضداد في افراخ اللحم المحصنة بطرق مختلفة ضد مرض النيوكاسل == Using of Hi And Elisa For Detection of Antibody Titers Against Newcastle Disease Vaccines Using Different Methods of Vaccination In Broiler Chicks

Author name: محمد حميد خلف
Supervisor name: علي عبد سهم المياح
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Diseases And Poultry Diseases
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: استخدم في الدراسة 200 فرخ لحم سلالة روز بعمر يوم واحد وغير مجنس لغرض استخدام فحصي الاليزا واثباط التلازن الدموي في تحديد معيار الاضداد في افراخ اللحم المحصنة بطرق مختلفة ضد مرض النيوكاسل واجريت الدراسة في فرع الامراض وامراض الدواجن / كلية الطب البيطري / | In this study 200 Ross breed broiler chicks aged 1 day and in both sex used for using of ELISA and HI tests in determination the titer of antibody in broiler chicks which vaccinated by different ways against Newcastle disease. the study done in a special house in college of Veterinary Medicine / Basra University / Department of Pathology and Poultry disease. The chicks divided randomly to 5 treated groups each one contain 35 chicks and the 6th group not treated (Act as control) contain 25 chicks. All chicks provide free feed and the 5 groups vaccinated by different ways against Newcastle disease , in 7th day vaccinated with Hitchner B1 vaccine and in days ( 21 and 35) with LaSota vaccine.The 1st and 2nd groups vaccinated by drinking water , in the 1st group used of tap water mixed with Skimmed milk while in the 2nd group used of RO Water. The third group vaccinated by spray , the 4th group vaccinated with eyes drop and the 5th group vaccinated in nostril. The distilled water used with vaccine of third , 4th and 5th groups , the control group leaved without vaccination. All groups vaccinated against Gumboro disease in 14th day of age. The blood sample collected in ages of ( 1 , 21 , 35 , 49 ) days with the range of 10 specimens from each group and 5 specimens from the control group then serum separated in order to testing immunity by using of Elisa and HI tests.Because of maternal immunity the titer of antibody in the 1st day was very high in range different in probability (0.05 >P) in comparison with other days (21 , 35 , 49 ) in other groups.The result of ELISA test show that the 1st group was excellence in (49) days of age that used the tap water mixed with skimmed milk in comparison with other groups in days ( 21, 35 ) with range different in probability of (0.05 >P). The 2nd group which was used of RO water the second order while the third group which used the spray vaccination was in third order and the 4th and 5th groups were some that the same in result and there was no any moral different.The result of HI test show that the 1st group that used of tap water mixed with skimmed milk was excellent in (49) days of age in comparison with other groups in days ( 21 , 35 ) with range moral different in probability of (0.05 >P). The 4th group that used of eye drop vaccination was in second order , the third group that used of spray vaccination in third order while the 2nd and 5th groups were somewhat similar in result and there was no moral different.We concluded that the vaccination by using of drinking water that consist of tap water mixed with Skimmed milk was the best methods and gave an important satisfactory results in comparison with other methods. The ELISA test have high efficiency and best than HI test in detection titers of Newcastle disease antibodies due to the test sensitivity in measurement of IgY present in vaccinated chicks serum while the HI test didn’t reach the same sensitivity of ELISA test in complete detection of this immuno globulin ( IgY ).

التهاب الامعاء التنخري في الدواجن الامراضية, وطرق السيطرة والعلاج == Necrotic Enteritis In Poulry Pathogenesis, Prevention And Curative Measures

Author name: سهى نجم الربيعي
Supervisor name: علاء عبد العزيز عبد
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:

دراسة فاعلية مستخلص ورق الزيتون على الاداء المناعي والانتاجي في فروج اللحم == Study of The Effectivity of Olive Leaves Extract On The Immunity and Productivity of Broilers

Author name: مهى داود ناصر داود قاقو
Supervisor name: صلاح مهدي حسن نور الهاشمي
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:

دراسة مرضية لافات الكبد في فروج اللحم المجزور في محافظة نينوى == Pathological study of hepatic lesions in slaughtered Broiler in Ninavah province=

Author name: طارق يعقوب متي هندي
Supervisor name: صموئيل اوشعنا يوخنا
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:

دراسة التغيرات العيانية والنسجية لبعض الاعضاء اللمفية في فروج اللحم والمصاحبة للتلقيح بلقاح التهاب جراب فابريشيا المعدي == Study of gross and histological changes in some lymphoid organs in broiler post vaccination against infectious bursal disease

Author name: سافيو فرج كرومي حبش
Supervisor name: مهى داؤد ناصر قاقو
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:

الكشف عن الاجسام المضادة ضد فيروس مرض البرامكزو في الحمام الاليف في محافظة نينوى باستخدام اختبار تثبيط التلازن الدموي == Detection of Pigeon Paramyxovirus antibodies using Haemagglutination inhibition test in Ninavah province

Author name: سعيد مجيد سعيد
Supervisor name: علاء عبد الاحد شمعون
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:

التغيرات المرضية المصاحبة لحالات التواء الرقبة في الحمام الاليف في مدينة الموصل == Pathological Changes Associated With Cases of Torticollis in Domestic Pigeons in Mosul City

Author name: خالد ابراهيم كردي الحمداني
Supervisor name: صموئيل اوشعنا يوخنا
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
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