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الحوثيون في اليمن : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Houthis In Yemen Study In The Political Geography

Author name: عبد الامير هادي بلبول العمري
Supervisor name: مهدي فليح ناصر الصافي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Alhothin movement in Yemen are political and media critical attention, and a wide area of political, cultural and intellectual debate on the internal and external levels, since this phenomenon has emerged strongly on the political scene in Yemen, especially after he has become a political and military weight The active impact on the security, stability and prosperity of Yemen , if the popular revolutions in some Arab countries in the years (???? and ????) have contributed to the fall of the regime in Yemen, led by former President Saleh, the Huthi movement displayed on the control over the course of political events in Yemen was the product of these popular revolutions, which produced radical changes in the political scene, most notably the fall of President Saleh, as well as change the map of political alliances, paving the external regional and international interventions have affected and directly on the political track and the Yemeni reality in general.And the fact that the Houthi phenomenon in Yemen may operate internal and external public opinion, so taken by the researcher subject of research and study, and our belief in the importance of the subject we went to study the phenomenon dimensions politically and intellectually, and we follow the course since its inception to the reality of armed conflicts being waged today against the ruling power in Yemen, came this study (study Houthis in Yemen in the geo - political) to clarify the dimensions of the evolution of the Houthi movement in Yemen after depth in the joints of this phenomenon and in an integrated manner, the study has reached a number of conclusions and most important of which : ? found during the study that the President Huthi stronghold in the province of Saada in northern Yemen, on the borders of Saudi Arabia and of the mountainous region, one of the reasons for their power and emergence on the scene of Yemen 0?. Yemen has illuminated two main Shafi'i school, which represents about 55% of the population of Yemen and al - Zaidi to 40%, which is concentrated in the provinces of Saada and Sanaa and Dhamar and Hajjah, and the rest represent religious minorities, and distributed Yemen today on the parties and different currents of thought, political and sectarian result openness political 0?. Huthi influenced by the model of Iran's Revolutionary experience and Hezbollah in Lebanon, and repeating the slogan (Death to America, Death to Israel....) through the establishm The study has emerged that there are internal and external factors helped the emergence of the Houthis in Yemen, including the roots of political bias, which limits the right of the rule of Imamate Balbtunaian (Hassan and Hussein, p) and external of the idea of exporting the Iranian revolution after its victory in 1979, but remains a political vulnerability, when Man founder Hussein al - Huthi, has emerged as an influential political force on the Yemeni arena can not be ignored internally and externally 5 There constitutional directed towards the expansion of women's participation in political life and this trend in the case of mounting a positive indicator reflects the seriousness of the authority in establishing the principle of equality between men and women, which The basis for the consolidation of the democratic system in the country.5. The weakness of the central government and its inability to deal with the crisis of this size and not processed in ways that a wise political and containment within the state and not to the use of external factor, and the insistence of some internal leaders to use military force to resolve them and to enter into conflict with the Huthi 06. enter Saudi Arabia in the sixth war with the government against the rebels gave regional character and sparked international attention for fear that the conflict extends to the important region in the export of oil in the world, and was able to deliver the Houthis through which their voices to the international public opinion about their case 07. As a result the geographical location of Yemen became the arena for regional enticements to enter Iran to support Alhothin which considered Saudi Arabia a threat to its national security and turning the conflict into a sectarian between the two countries and Yemen Square proxy war and on the track the Saudi - led military alliance against it and still the war continues until the writing of this search 0

تحليل جغرافي لحالات الطلاق المسجلة في محافظة المثنى للمدة 2004 - 2014 باستخدام GIS == Geographical Analysis Of Divorce Cases ReGIStered In Muthanna Province For The Period Of (2004 - 2014) Using The (GIS)

Author name: شاكر عواد ضاحي محيسن البركي
Supervisor name: حسين عليوي ناصر الزيادي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This study was primarily aim to reveal the image of spatial and temporal variations of divorce cases in the province of Muthanna for the period (2004 - 2014), relying on the analytical method associated Balosfi to determine the spatial disparities and temporal, as well as the use of quantitative methods and technology (GIS) in the distribution of divorce cases The characteristics of the population divorced and the reasons for divorce in the study area.In order to achieve the goal of this study, it was deemed necessary that the scientific study be four classes, as well as its findings and recommendations. The first chapter discusses the theoretical guide and characteristics of the population of the study area, and included theoretical evidence the problem of the study and premise, relevance and objective, as well as curriculum, style and sources of the study and previous studies and the most important obstacles faced by the researcher and concepts pertaining to the study. Then build geographic data of the population divorced base in the study area, and the role of the (GIS) to study the phenomenon of divorce, and the modalities of employment of the (GIS) in social studies, while the second chapter focused on the growth of the phenomenon of divorce and their geographical distribution in the province of Muthanna for the period of (2004 - 2014 ) and Me Chapte III characteristics population divorced, while the fourth chapter dealt with the causes of divorce and the effects and consequences in the province of Muthanna The study group of the most important results that the general path of the phenomenon of divorce in the study area indicates upward in spite of the presence of a relative disparity during the years of the study, The study showed that the elimination of Samawa Center came in first place as the form of a percentage of (54.3%) of the total cases of divorce, the study also created a high incidence of divorce in rural areas more than urban centers, as recorded (76.7%) in urban areas, in while the value (23.3%) in the countryside, then the study has shown that the inverse relationship between level of education and the high incidence of divorce, as rising divorce cases when illiterate for both sexes (male and female) by (14.8%, 17.0%), respectively goes down when university graduates, while the study created that the relationship proportional between income level and the high incidence of divorce, the study revealed the role of social causes, economic, health, cultural, and other reasons, in effect directly in contrast divorce cases at the county level and by the environment and administrative units, and in the latter study showed the effects and consequences of the phenomenon of divorce, including the social, psychological and economic effects, including alimony, dowry, and grabbing Furniture.

المناخ وعلاقته بزراعة محاصيل القمح والشعير والرز في محافظة ذي قار == Climate And Its Relationship To The Cultivation Of Crops Of Wheat, Barley And Rice In The Province Of Dhi Qar

Author name: خلود مساعد ايدام الغزي
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق خيون خضير ال محيميد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims tagged (climate and its relationship to the cultivation o f wheat and barley crops, rice farming in the province of Dhi Qar) to clarify the effect of the elements of the climate on the cultivation of field crops in the province of Dhi Qar, by finding the relationship between climatic requirements necessary for the cultivation of agricultural crops studied and the available resources in the study area, as well as show the relationship of climate in the injury of agricultural crops in various plant diseases. In order to determine the best types of agricultural crops suitable for cultivation in the study area that will be the expansion of cultivated The study showed that the climatic requirements of each crop of agricultural crops examined in the study area vary in terms of the high temperatures and minimum and optimal require rements and the requirements of light and humidity, rain and wind. Climate elements were analyzed in the study area Kalahaaa solar temperatures, wind, and the manifestations of air and dust air humidity and precipitation and evaporation The results of the statistical analysis of agricultural crops in the study area suitable large for agriculture because of great consensus between the climatic requirements of agricultural crops and the available resources in the study area. Oazart the results of the statistical analysis for the analysis of simple correlation (Saberman) and use the test (t) and test (Friedman) for field crops suitable climate of terms of temperature, relative humidity and wind adequate solar radiation and rainfall, which is compensated by the shortage of irrigation

التكرارات السطحية للمنظومات الضغطية الشمولية المؤثرة في مناخ شبه الجزيرة العربية == Surface Duplication Of Totalitarian Systems Barotrauma Affecting The Climate Of The Arabian Peninsula

Author name: علي محســـن طاهر الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: عزيز كوطي حسين الحسيناوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة التكرارات السطحية للمنظومات الضغطية الشمولية المؤثرة في مناخ شبه الجزيرة العربية,مستندا على منهجية واضحة تتلائم وطبيعة الموضوع في تحليل خرائط الطقس اليومية لدورة مناخية صغرى امدها احد عشر عاما وهي التي تبداء من السنة(1998/1997)و | This research aims to study duplicates surface systems piezoelectricity totalitarian affecting the climate of the Arabian Peninsula, based on a clear methodology fit the nature of the subject in the analysis of weather maps daily cycle climatic junior standing a ten - year - old that starting from the year (1997/1998) and ending in the year (2007/2008), and relying on Alrsdtan (00) (012) universal time.Were calculated duplicates surface systems piezoelectricity affecting the climate of the Arabian Peninsula during the period above which appeared clear over the area of study at the level of barotrauma (1000) millibars, and the show was a difference Tkaradtha temporally from one month to another and from one year to another depending on the observations as well as the variation Tkaradtha between the two regions North the South and the various systems piezoelectricity affecting the climate of the region.It was found through research that there are several factors affecting the duplicates surface inclusiveness, including fixed as the location astronomer and geographer, and the varying manifestations terrain over the area and the neighboring areas of the region, including animation that affect the variation duplicates spatially and temporally to the study area such as temperature maximum and minimum relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. Has led site Arabian Peninsula, which is located within the south - western part of the continent of Asia, according to the latitude extended above to be an area of conflict for the extreme weather months, which are affected by several types of heights Kalmrtf air subtropical and highair Siberian and high atmospheric EU and the heights of the heat island, as well as vulnerability of several types of systems, low Kalmnkhvd Sudanese Air India and low seasonal depressions and NPF and depressions of the Arabian Peninsula and the Arabian Sea and low depressions merged. It was evident from the study that the highlands through the air affecting the climate of the Arabian Peninsula has recorded the highest rates in the northern region, while depressions recorded the highest in the southern region.

التخطيط للتنمية الريفية في ريف قضاء الناصرية : دراسة في جغرافية التنمية باستخدام ال GLS == Planning for Rural Development in the Countryside of Nasiriyah A study in the development of the geography of using GIS

Author name: حسام علي حسين الغزي
Supervisor name: عبد العالي حبيب حسين الركابي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The study of development, including rural development, is one of the studies that is of interest to planners and researchers in various disciplines, including geography, as a result of the deterioration and decline in the economic, service, social and urban reality. Therefore, rural development aims to promote and develop rural areas in various fields through optimal and planned investment of potentials (Natural, human, economic). This study was intended for the purpose of developing a developmental planning vision for the rural areas of Nasiriyah to promote its low status by revealing the development potentials in it and investing them in a developmental development As well as identifying and eliminating obstacles to development as much as possible, trying to improve theeconomic level of all the rural population, developing and educating rural people to be more aware and aware of reality, as well as providing community services and infrastructure that contribute to rural development, Which will develop agriculture and increase production, as well as the development of simple rural industries and interest in tourist areas in a manner that works to attract various tourists.The study relied on the analytical descriptive approach to the identification of geographical phenomena, as well as the use of some statistical equations and quantitative methods for the purpose of extracting the size of the sample and population growth and studying population densities and future prospects of the population. GIS was also used to build a spatial database of rural Nasiriyah, and the representation of these phenomena on the maps of the study area (Arc GIS 10.2), as well as the use of the GPS program for the purpose of locating villages and some geographical phenomena.The study reached several results, the most prominent of which is that the countryside of Nasiriyah has good natural development potential in terms of the flat surface and the soil of the fertile river beds of agriculture and the climatesuitable for planting most of the agricultural crops and raising the various animals and the abundance of water resources represented by rivers Euphrates and Gharaf and their branches as well as marshes. In the development of agriculture and industry in the rural judiciary and improve the economic level in general if invested in a developmental development scheme, and the study showed that the rural judiciary has great human potential, especially within the working groups and these vary in The study showed that the countryside of the judiciary has a lot of economic potential represented by agriculture branches (plant production, animal) despite the low areas and productivity of all agricultural crops as well as the small number of animals, and is located in the region The study shows some simple rural handicrafts that provide a simple income for their owners. The countryside of the judiciary also enjoys great tourist potential represented by archeological, religious and natural areas. The study showed that the development indicators and infrastructure services in rural areas The study also revealed that there are several villages that are candidates for development in order to be development centers and modern villages that contribute to the development of neighboring villages and provide services to them. The results were accompanied by a number of recommendations The study also concluded with a list of references, sources and list of annexes.

تحليل جغرافي لخارطة الحرمان من خدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة الناصرية == Geographic analysis of the deprivation map of infrastructure services in City of Al Nasiriyah

Author name: حسين علي محسن الحجيمي
Supervisor name: سميع جلاب منسي السهلاني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة تحليلا جغرافيا لخارطة الحرمان من خدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة الناصرية ثلاثة خدمات فقط متمثلة بكل من (خدمة الماء الصالح للشرب وخدمة المجاري والصرف الصحي والخدمة البلدية للتخلص من النفايات) وفق مؤشرات فرعية تنبثق من مؤشرات رئيسة لكل خدمة من الخدمات المذكورة . وتبعا للخصائص البشرية لمنطقة الدراسة فقد تم تناول الحرمان للاسر على مستوى قطاعات سكنية لمدينة الناصرية . ولكي يتخذ الحرمان طابعا جغرافيا فقد اقتضت الدراسة تقسيم مدينة الناصرية الى (6) ستة قطاعات سكنية ذات خصائص جغرافية متباينة من اجل الكشف عن مستوى الحرمان وتباينة بين هذه القطاعات . وقد توصلت الدراسة الى ان مستوى الخدمة المقدم من قبل الدوائر الخدمية في كل قطاع من القطاعات السكنية انعكس على تباين مستوى الحرمان، فضلا عن ان الدراسة الميدانية كانت وسيلة في معرفة حرمان الاسر من هذه الخدمات ،اذ تم توزيع استمارات استبانة وفق عدد الاسر في كل حي من الاحياء المنضوية تحت كل قطاع من القطاعات ، من خلال معرفة مستويات الحرمان في القطاعات السكنية في مدينة الناصرية توصلت الدراسة الى ان دليل الحرمان من خدمة الماء الصالح للشرب في مدينة الناصرية بلغ (50.2%) ، وبلغ دليل الحرمان من خدمة المجاري والصرف الصحي (45.7%) ، فضلا عن (40.2%) مثلت دليل الحرمان من الخدمة البلدية للتخلص من النفايات وبذلك فان دليل الحرمان من خدمات البنى التحتية بلغ (45.3%) وهي نسبة مرتفعة جدا ناتجة عن ارتفاع معدل نمو السكان الذي انعكس على الخصائص البشرية الاخر المؤثرة على خدمات البنى التحتية من خلال ارتفاع مستوى الكثافة السكانية وزيادة نسبة التركز وارتفاع معدل حجم الاسر يرافقها تلكؤ في انشاء وتطوير البنى التحتية وبذلك فان التوسع في زيادة خدمات البنى التحتية لا يواكب زيادة حجم السكان ومقدار الطلب على الخدمات مما انعكس عنه ضعف في كفاءة وكفاية الخدمات وتنامي معدلات الحرمان | This study dealt with a geographical analysis of the map of deprivation of infrastructure services in the city of Nasiriyah only three services represented by (the service of drinking water and sewage and sewage service and the municipal waste disposal service) according to sub - indicators that emerge from the main indicators of each of the services mentioned . According to the human characteristics of the study area, the deprivation of families was dealt with at the level of residential sectors of the city of Nasiriyah.In order to take the deprivation of a geographical nature, the study required the division of the city of Nasiriyah to (6) six sectors of housing with different geographical characteristics in order to indicate the level of deprivation between these sectors. The study found that the level of service provided by the service departments in each of the residential sectors was reflected in the difference in the level of deprivation. Moreover, the field study was a means of knowing that the families were deprived of these services. Questionnaires were distributed according to the number of families in each Neighborhood of the sub - districts.The study found that the evidence of deprivation of drinking water service in the city of Nasiriyah reached (50.2%), and the evidence of deprivation of sewage and sewerage service (45.7%), as well as 40.2% (45.3%) is a very high percentage due to the high rate of population growth which is reflected in the other human characteristics affecting the infrastructure services in the city of Nasiriyah The increase in the level of population density, the increase in the concentration rate, and the high rate of household size accompanied by the delay in the establishment and development of infrastructure. Thus, the expansion of the increase in infrastructure services does not keep pace with the increase in population size and the demand for services, Services and growing deprivation rates

التحليل المكاني للحوادث المرورية في محافظة المثنى للمدة 2005 - 2017 == Spatial Analysis of Traffic Accident in AL - Muthana Governorate (2005 - 2017

Author name: كرار ماجد كريم الجياشي
Supervisor name: عادل مكي عطية الحجامي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Traffic accidents are one of to the most serious problems confronting different societies in the world, They hold humanitarian, economic, social, behaveioral and psychological dimensions, that need attention at all levels of society and all institutions, The problem of Trtaffic accidents is a complex issue facing communities, As this problem wich is shared by more than one component is increasing day after day, there is no doubt that it is necessary to clarify the spatial analysis of traffic accidents in the province of Muthanna and the relationship between the geographical factors of the province and its impact on traffic accident to uncover the reasons behind it, To indicate the extent in space and time and to measure its serious it is important to identify it as a problem in which AL - Muthanna province suffers like the other governorates of Iraq; because millions of road users in the governorate take daily trips and the study showed that there is a significant increase in the numder of vehicles in excess of the capacity of the roads and the density of the roads according to the criteria (area, population and number of vahicles) vary, the length of the road, their types and importance, the amount of servicas they serve from areas as they pass, the amount of population density and the economic level of the population, which is their ability to own vehicles, and the driver with its characteristics is one of the main factors causing the accidents, as it accounted for (89%) of the total numder which is caused by other geographical factors, and the young people group is one of the most categories of drivers for traffic violations and they are more likely to fall in traffic accidents, due to lack of attention, lack of discipline, impulsiveness and recklessness, the traffic accidents have increased during the cold months in which official work begins and the students and staff access to the aducational and administrative institutions and increase during the day, especially during the paek hours of the day, It was also found that there is a difference in the incidence of traffic accidents and indicators in the province according to administrative units, as the center of the province of Samawah the largest proportion of incidents, which reached (34%), while the area recorded the lowest incidence of accidents amounted to (0.1%) of the total for the population and the number of vehicles and the amount of the share of each administrative unit of the roads, either the effects of traffic accidents and the injuries (injuries and deaths), it is one of the most worst results, as the number in the governorate (6609) injuries, of which the number of injuried (5199) injured and the number of deaths (1410) deaths

التخطيط للتنمية الريفية في قضاء سوق الشيوخ : دراسة في جغرافية التنمية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Planning of rural development of Suq - alsheukh district (A study in the geography development using geographic information systems)

Author name: ميعاد حسين كريم
Supervisor name: حسين عليوي ناصر الزيادي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Rural development has great interest in most disciplines, including geography. Many countries seek to pay attention to rural development the study aims to develop and improve rural in a way that makes progress for the people living there. Work to invest various potentials in order to improve the reality development of the population and develop the rural lifestyle, eliminate the problem of unemployment and poverty by providing employ and job opportunities and attention to education and health through the establishment of hospitals and health centers and provide medical staff and provide them with latest equipment. It is also necessary to provide transportation, potable water and electric power to remote village and develop future plans to promote the development reality and planning for integrated rural development. The study was based on an analytical description method to measure the characteristics and trends of rural development. It is possible to identify some of the characteristics of the quantitative based and statistical techniques.The study took the statistical approach in analyzing the data and information obtained from field study as well as extracting population growth rate for the study area and (spss) program in drawing the population pyramid as well as using (GIS) in the preparation, mapping and building a spatial database in the study area and the identification of the village nominated for development and the modern village.The study including on an introduction and five chapters. The first chapters includes the theoretical evidence and the natural characteristics of rural districts of Suq - Alsheukh. Chapter two deals with the demographic characteristics of rural in terms of population size, population distribution and population structure.cThe third chapter deals with the study of economic characteristics of rural district and its importance in planning forrural development . Chapter four is devoted to the study of rural development indicators as well as the study of rural village and their number. Chapter five deals with the study of village nominated for development and future prospects for rural development in rural areas.The study reached the diversity of agricultural crops in the study areas, especially plam trees and strategic crops, the rural population has good numbers of animal wealth .The study area needs a number of industries that will promote and develop them, especially industries that depend on animal products.The study area suffers from the lack of kindergartens and its need for more schools. With regard of health the region need to establish hospitals in the administrative units because they are not available, the study revealed that there are no infrastructure indicators in the study area and poor distribution. The researcher recommended the establishment of a number of development projects that will promote job opportunities ,reducing unemployment and improve the standard of living of the population ,Especially industries that need a large number of working hands .And to improve the educational level of the population and the establishment of a number of schools and distribution in accordance with the specific planning standard and to develop the reality of health services and provide them with the most advanced means .The study reached to build a number of modern villages there are various services necessary for residents of the study area.

استثمار الامكانيات الجغرافية للتنمية الريفية في قضاء الخضر == The Investment of geographic Potential for rural development in the district of Al - Khidr

Author name: اسراء جمال كاظم العبيدي
Supervisor name: رضا عبد الجبار سلمان الشمري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: تعد التنمية الريفية عصب ارتقاء الدول النامية نظرا لكونها تهدف الى تطوير الريف وسكانه ، وانها جزء لايتجزا من خطط التنمية الشاملة في الدولة . واستراتيجية اساسية للتنمية في المناطق الريفية لتحقيق الرفاه الاقتصادي - الاجتماعي ، ولتكوين القاعدة الاساسية للتنمية الاقتصادية ، والاجتماعية من خلال الكشف عن ما يتمتع به الريف من الامكانيات الطبيعية والبشرية ، وان اهمية وجود التنمية في المناطق الريفية تظهر بصورة اوضح اذا ماعلمنا ان اغلب المناطق الريفية تعتمد على امكانياتها الطبيعية بالدرجة الاساس لتامين سبل المعيشة . وتحتل اهمية خاصة في منطقة الدراسة لان سكان الريف يشكلون الاغلبية فيها .تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة بسؤال رئيس مفاده (ما الامكانيات الطبيعية والبشرية التي يمكن استثمارها في تحقيق التنمية الريفية في قضاء الخضر ؟ وكيف يمكن ذلك ؟ ) اما فرضيتها تمثلت بوجود امكانيات كبيرة للتنمية الريفية في منطقة الدراسة يمكن استثمارها في تحقيق التنمية الريفية اذ اعدت خطة للتنمية الريفية .لذا تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على الامكانيات الطبيعية والبشرية في ريف قضاء الخضر ، وكيفية استثمارها من خلال وضع جملة من الاستراتيجيات لتحقيق التنمية الريفية . واعتمدت الباحثة في دراستها على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والمنهج النظامي ، فضلا عن استخدام تقنيات GIS في رسم الخرائط والاشكال البيانية واستخدام بعض الاساليب الاحصائية. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة قسمت الرسالة الى اربعة فصول تسبقها مقدمة ، اذ تناول الفصل الاول دراسة الامكانيات الطبيعية التي تتمتع فيها منطقة الدراسة لتاثيرها الكبير في التنمية الريفية المتمثلة بالموقع والبنية الجيولوجية والسطح والموارد الطبيعية (التربة ، الموارد المائية ، النبات الطبيعي ) .اما الفصل الثاني تناول دراسة الامكانيات البشرية المتمثلة بالامكانيات السكانية والاقتصادية اذ اتضح من خلاله ان منطقة الدراسة تتمتع بوجود المجتمع الفتي اذ يعد عنصرا مهما لبناء المجتمع الريفي ، فضلا عن توفر امكانيات اقتصادية متمثلة بمقومات الزراعة وكذلك توفر بعض المقومات للصناعات الانشائية كصناعة الطابوق والبلوك والصناعات الغذائية بالاضافة الى الصناعات الشعبية البسيطة ، فضلا عن الامكانيات التجارية والسياحية في منطقة الدراسة كل ذلك له اهمية في التنمية الريفية والنهوض بالواقع الريفي . كذلك كشف الفصل الثالث عن واقع الاستيطان الريفي والخدمي والعمراني حيث تضمن دراسة واقع الخدمات الاجتماعية (التعليم ، الصحة ، الترفيه) وكذلك دراسة خدمات البنى الارتكازية (الماء ، الكهرباء ، الطرق ، الصرف الصحي ) ومقارنتها بمعايير التخطيط المحلية ، فضلا عن دراسة واقع التوزيع الجغرافي للمستوطنات الريفية والعوامل المؤثرة في دراسة انماط التوزيع الجغرافي للمستوطنات. وتناولت الدراسة الكشف عن مورفولوجية المستوطنات الريفية والواقع السكني في ريف قضاء الخضر .في حين يبحث الفصل الرابع في دراسة الافاق المستقبلية لاستثمار الامكانيات الجغرافية للتنمية الريفية في منطقة الدراسة واشتمل ذلك على وضع الخطط والاستراتيجيات التنموية للنهوض بالواقع الاقتصادي والخدمي والعمراني ، فضلا عن ترشيح مستوطنات ريفية لغرض تطويرها وذلك على ثلاثة مستويات هي المستوطنات الام والمستوطنات الخدمية والمستوطنات الاساسية .وتوصلت الدراسة الى جملة من النتائج . اهمها ان ريف قضاء الخضر يتمتع بوجود امكانيات طبيعية وبشرية بالامكان الاعتماد عليها في التنمية الريفية ، ولكن تحتاج الى جهود واستراتيجيات من اجل استثمارها في عملية التنمية الريفية ، لان بعضها يعاني من مشاكل كالتربة والموارد المائية ، واظهرت الدراسة تدني الواقع الخدمي في منطقة الدراسة الذي يجب الاهتمام به ، من اجل النهوض بالواقع الريفي . لاسيما الخدمات التعليمية حيث ان (26) مستوطنة لا تتوفر فيها مدرسة ابتدائية و( 54) مستوطنة لاتوجد فيها مدرسة متوسطة واعدادية (ثانوية) . وكذلك ما تعانيه الخدمات الصحية من نقص في المؤسسات الصحية والكوادر الطبية ، فضلا عن تردي واقع خدمات البنى الارتكازية . ورافقت النتائج مجموعة من التوصيات اهمها الاهتمام بالواقع الاقتصادي الذي تمثل بالواقع الزراعي وذلك من خلال التوسع الافقي والراسي للزراعة ، فضلا عن انشاء بعض الصناعات والمنشات التي من شانها تطوير منطقة الدراسة . من خلال ايجاد فرص عمل مناسبة للقضاء على البطالة ، ايضا توجيه الاهتمام بالجانب السياحي ، ومن التوصيات الاخرى التي ذكرتها الدراسة توفير المتطلبات التعليمية والصحية على وفق المعايير التخطيطية وتحسين خدمات البنية التحتية واختتمت الدراسة بقائمة المصادر والمراجع وقائمة بالملاحق | Irrigation development is considered to be a prime for any progressing country since it aims to develop the countryside and its people. Moreover, it is an inevitable part of the general plans for development throughout the country. and essential strategy for development in rural areas to achieve social economic welfare and composition of the main base for economic and social development through the disclosure of the countryside of the potential the natural and human. The importance of development in rural areas show more clearly if we know that most rural areas rely mainly on natural Potential to secure livelihoods. This, in fact, has significance, in that the inhabitants in these areas are the major focus in studies.The problem of the studies was found in its main issue (What are the natural and human potential that could be invested in rural development in the district of al - Khidr?) When it comes to its hypothesis, it was found in the great potential of rural development in the studied area, which could be invested in achieving this objective in case a plan for such a development has been made. This study aims to identify the natural and human potential at the countryside in the district of al - Khidr, as well as the way on how to invest them through inputting several strategies to achieve rural development. The research has relied on the analytical descriptive approach and the systemic approach, as well as the usage of GIS - techniques for drawing maps and graphic forms, and the use of some statistical methods. In order to achieve the objective of the study, it has been divided into four chapters, preceded by an introduction. The study has looked into the natural potential that the district has and how it is greatly influenced by rural development as represented by the site, the geological structure, and the surface that is considered to be a rectifier to the rural development. This helps to pave the ways, to establish factories, and to set up agricultural projects, as well as to study the natural recourses (soil, water resources, and natural plants).As to the second chapter, it studies the human potential as represented by the population and economics. It becomes clear that the studied district consists of a young community who are considered to be much of importance in building a rural community. This contributes to the economic possibilities as represented by agriculture, as well as some of the ingredients for the construction of industries such as bricks and blocks, and the food industries. In addition, it also provides for the simple communal industries, commerce, and tourism in the district of al - Khidr. All this is of much importance when it comes to the rural development and the rise of the rural reality.When it comes to the third chapter, it unfolds the rural and structural settlement, and its service extension.This study depicts the reality of social services (education, health, poverty and deprivation) as well as the infrastructure services (water, electricity, roads, sewage) and comparing it with local and global projection standards. Moreover, it studies the reality of the geographical distribution of rural settlements and the influencing factors on the study of patterns of geographical distribution of settlements. The study also continues on the detection of morphology of rural settlements and the habitation at the district of al - Khidr.The fourth chapter, on the other hand, studies the future prospects for investing in geographic potentials for rural development in the studied district, which includes the development plans and strategies for the rise of the economic, service and structural reality, as well as the nomination of rural settlements for the purpose of developing it on three levels : The mother settlement, service settlement and the basic settlement.The study found a number of results out of which the most important one is that the rural district area of al - Khidr contains a natural and human potential that could be relied on for rural development. Nevertheless, it does need much efforts and strategies in order to invest in it, as part of this area suffers from problems with soil and water resources. The study also shows the low services in the studied areasuch as education, in which twenty - nine settlements do not offer primary education, along with the problems in health services such as the lack of health institutions and medical staff. Moreover, there is a regression on the infrastructure. The results are accompanied with a set of recommendations of which regards for economics the most important is. This then represents the agriculture through horizontal and vertical expansion of agriculture, as well as the finding of some industries and establishments that would develop the studied area through finding appropriate job opportunities to eliminate unemployment, and to pay more regards to tourism. Other recommendations mentioned in the study are concerned with providing educational and health requirements according to the schematic criteria and improving the infrastructure. Finally, the study concludes with a list of resources and references and a list of annexes

تحليل جغرافي لامكانات التنمية الريفية في قضاء الرميثة : دراسة في جغرافية التنمية باستخدام GLS == Geographical Analysis of the Potential of Rural Development in Al Rumaitha district "A study in the geographic of development" with the use GIS

Author name: اركان ناهي موسى المشعلاني
Supervisor name: حسين عليوي ناصر الزيادي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Special studies on rural development have concerned with the most academicdisciplines, particularly the geographical ones. Owing to the need for disclosure of the countryside of the potential and working on the formulation of practical strategies that aim to change the Economic and social bases of the rural community through the investment with view to the advancement of the development. Accordingly, this study builds on the natural and human potential and in the countryside of Rumaytha and who to invest through many actions and policies for rural development This depends on the creation of economic growth that is able to continue, as well as the development of rural human rights to become more attention to work and seek to raise the standard of living of the rural population and improving rural life in the light of the availability of social services such as health and education services, and other public services such as drinking water and electric energy and transports .The study has depended on the descriptive and analytical approach as well as on the use of quantitative methods and technology of GIS to build an spatial information infrastructure for the phenomena of the natural and human resources. The study included five chapters. The first chapter includes the theoretical Guide, and human potential to rural development at Rumaytha district. Chapter II concerns with studying of the economic potential of rural development in the region while the lesson of chapter I V studies, the rural development indicators of nominated villages in the area .Chapter V has concerned with studying of the future prospects of rural development in the district. in response to the results of the review, Rumaythah district has a convenient land for various economic activities, especially agriculture. Owing to the plain land and the steepest 'slope toward the west and south east of the region The region has a network of water resources of the Rivers Euphrates with streams. For example, Al - Aatashan and shatt - al - Rumaytha and its tributaries and stream that have the greatest impact in the replenishment of the agricultural sector needs of water resources. The study has shown that inhabitants of the countryside are distributed by close rates to the administrative units of the countryside of the district and the proportion of the kind tend to favor of females by 50,3% matched by 49,7% of males and the study showed that the countryside has the existence of important tourist possibilities including natural and religious tourism. Study has shown that the indicators of social development (educational &health), in the countryside of the area are not compatible with the planning standards, especially health, which suffer from the clear decline in the level of services provided to the population of the region and the results accompanied by set of recommendation for the study concluded the list of references and appendixes.

مياه الصرف الصحي في مدينة الناصرية وتاثيراتها البيئية == Sewage in the city of Nasiriyah and its impact on the environment

Author name: زمن ماجد طعمة الزيرجاوي
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق خيون خضير ال محيميد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: تمثلت الدراسة بدراسة مياه الصرف الصحي في مدينة الناصرية وتاثيراتها البيئية ، تهدف الدراسة الى تحديد خصائص مياه الصرف الصحي لمدينة الناصرية ، وتحديد المناطق المخدومة وغير المخدومة ومعرفة مدى كفاءة محطات المعالجة والتعرف على مصادرها المتنوعة والمتمثلة بالمنزلية والصناعية والصحية ، تعد هذه المصادر من اخطر الملوثات لاحتوائها على مواد سامة لذا يجب معالجة المياه الخارجة من هذه المصادر.ونظرا لان مياه الصرف الصحي تذهب الى نهر الفرات بعد المعالجة فقد تم تحليل عينات لمياه النهر لمدة عام كامل (2014) في موقعين قبل وبعد مصب الانبوب الذي يصرف المياه لنهر الفرات لمعرفة التغيرات الي تحصل في نوعية المياه وخواصها الفيزيائية والكيميائية , وبما ان مياه النهر تستعمل بري الاراضي الزراعية فقد تم تحليل نبات النعناع المروي بمياه نهر الفرات المتاثرة بمياه الصرف الصحي لمعرفة الاثار البيئية على النباتاذ اظهرت نتائج تحليل نبات النعناع تجاوز بعض تراكيز العناصر الثقيلة فيه مثل ( الكادميوم , النحاس , الكروم ).وتوصلت الدراسة الى ما يلي : لقد اثرت العوامل الجغرافية ( الطبيعية والبشرية ) على مياه الصرف الصحي بشكل ايجابي وسلبي فالسطح في منطقة الدراسة ولد صعوبات في تصريف مياه الصرف الصحي واثر ذلك على تكاليف انشاء مشاريع الصرف الصحي. اما خصائص المناخ (الاشعاع الشمسي ، درجة الحرارة ، الرياح ، الرطوبة ، الامطار ، التبخر) اثر كل منها فالاشعاع الشمسي له اثر في تغير تركيز الملوثات وتحويلها من صورة الى اخرى ، اما درجة الحرارة فانه له اثر في تحديد كمية الصرف,وكان تاثير الرياح في تحديد مواقع المحطات ، اما الامطار فكان لها تاثير ايجابي واخر سلبي. اما العوامل البشرية ( حجم المدينة ، حجم السكان ) فانها اثرت على معدلات استهلاك افرد للمياه لان اتساع حجم المدينة ناتج عن زيادة اعداد السكان وزيادة الانشطة مما يزيد من كميات الصرف الصحي. تتباين انواع مياه الصرف الصحي في كمية ما تطلقه من مياه الصرف وتقدر ما تطلقه من مياه الصرف المنزلي بحوالي (23000م3/ساعة) اما المياه الصناعية فتقدر بحوالي (575م3/ ساعة) ومياه الصرف الموئسات الصحية فتقدر بحوالي (789م3/ساعة). لوحظ من خلال التحليل الاحصائي وجود تباين مكانيا وزمانيا بين انواع مياه الصرف الصحي من الملوثات واظهرت النتائج ان الاس الهيدروجيني pH والتوصيلة الكهربائية EC والبوتاسيوم K والفوسفات PO4 لم تسجل بين المواقع الثلاث ( حي سومر ، مستشفى الحسين ، معمل النسيج ) اي فروق بين القيم اما العناصر الاخرى فانها سجلت اختلافات زمانية ومكانية بين المواقع.فعند دراسة العناصر الكيميائية والفيزيائية للمحطات سجلت محطة الهندية تجاوز الحدود المسموح بها من بعض العناصر وهي (T.s.s, TDS , BDS , COD , NO2 , SO4 CL , H2S , O&G). اما في محطة الصرف الصناعي لمعمل النسيج فقد تجاوزت كل من (SO4, O&GT.S.S , TDS , COD ) الحدود المسموح بها.واظهرت نتائج التحليل لمياه الصرف الصحي الخارجة من المؤسسات الصحية ( مركز القلب )، تجاوز بعض العناصر ، الحدود المسموح به والمتمثلة (O8G , SO4 , BOD , T.S.S). ان عدم كفاءة محطات المعالجة جاء من خلال عدة اسباب منها قلة الكادر ومحدودية طاقة محطات المعالجة اذ تبلغ الطاقة التصميمية لمحطة الهندية حوالي (17000م3/ يوم) لكنها تشغل حوالي (100,000) م3/يوم فضلا عن التجاوز وقلة الدعم وعدم الوعي البيئي اللازم من قبل المواطنين. توصلت الدراسة الى ان مياه الصرف الصحي ملوثة بالميكروبات والكائنات الدقيقة لكنها تتباين من حين لاخر ، حسب انواع الصرف الصحي في بيئة الدراسة | I have studed the sewage water in Nassiriah City and its environmental effects .the study aimed to determine the properties of sewage and identify those areas which covered by the services.The study also measured the effect of the water treatment stations and identify the varied resources;domestic, industrial and the health institutes .these resources considered as one of the most dangerous polluters as they contain a poisonousmartials .to study these effects, two samples used, 250m from the sewage outlet in Euphrates river and the other is sample of mint vegetable which effected by the sewage.The study led to;The Geographical elements (Natural and Human) ,had a dual effect on sewage ,Positive and negative effects, as the surface in area of study ,generated difficulties within sewage water draining and also effected the production cost.Each of the climate elements (sun, temperature, wind, moisture, rain and evaporation), had an individual effected; as for the sun, had the role of changing density of the polluters and transforming them into different items. While temperature controlling the quantity of drainage.as for the wind,it influenced the DELIMITATION of water treatment locations. Rain also has a dual effect on sewage.The effects of human elements (city size volume ,population , diversity of inhabitance) ,they effected the water consumptions percentage which increased the sewage water.Sewage water are different in regards to quantity of water ejected, disposed water domestically estimation is (23000m3) and the industrial is around (575m3),while health institutes is (789m3).We noticed, though out the statistics, a presence of timely and locative differences among the types of sewage water in regard to polluters, hydrogenous index PH, electric conduction EC, Potassium and Phosphate PO4.these polluters never recorded any values differences within the tree locations, SumerQ.,Al - Husain General Hospital and the Textile Factory).During the study of Chemical and physical elements of the water treatment stations, Al - Hindia station polluters exceed the limits of the presence of some elements like T.ss, T.D.S ,B.D.S , COD, NO2, SO4,CL,H2S,O8G.While in water treatment of the Textile factory, T.S.S , SO4 ,O8G,T.D.S , C.O.D , was over. Water analysis of Health Institutes (Cardiology Center)and over existence of some elements like ; T.S.S , SO4 ,O8G ,BOD.Insufficiency of water treatment stations came from factors like; shortage of staff and capacity limits - as built capacity of Al - Hindia station is 17000m3/day, while its processing around 100.000m3/day , besides shortage of support and littleness of the environmental awareness of people.The study comes to a conclusion that sewage water is rich with microbes and flesh - colored but it different once a while as per the types of sewage within the area of study and the numbers of those flesh - colored found in the domestic sewage are different from those in industrial and health institute sewage.

مسح جغرافي لخصوبة التربة في قضاء الناصرية واثرها على الانتاج الزراعي == A Geographical Survey of Soil Fertility in Nasiriyah District and it lmpact on Agricultural producion

Author name: كوثر عبد الله سعدون العسكري
Supervisor name: جاسب كاظم عبد الحسين الجوهر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Soil is a natural resource with siow regeneration , so keeping it and Sustaining its Fetidity is very important . The aim of this study is to make a comprehensive and detailed survey of soil precipitate in the district of Nasiriya and studying the spatial variation of soil characteristics and Know their impact on agricultural production and influential factors , The study addressed the impact of natural geographical factors ( geoiogical structure , climate , natural resources and natural plants) as well as human factors of (thermal , irrigation ,downstream , fertilizers , pussy , agricultural session ) on the characteristics of physical ( case of soil , density of truth and hears , soil porous , soil moisture , saturated water pure ) as well as chemical properties ( organic matter , trustee interaction , electrical fiber , calcium calibers , calcium sulfate ) and their reflection on agricultural production .To achieve the objective of the study , 36 models of the study area were taken from different locations and deployed (0 - 30 - 30 - 60 ) to analyze physical and chemical properties of europium and represent it in their statement .The study reached that there was a variation of the chartists of the trial in the study area because of the variation of their factors , which rwflected in their dying , and the results of the laboratory analysis indication that the estimation of the trial was medium to soft , and the density of the trustees and its samples were contrary to the variety of and geographical distribution , the trusted moisture was charactized by the field capacity and waxing point as appropriate for agricultural production .While the analysis of the chemical properties , the proportion of organic substance is clear and clear if this ratio rises significantly in the rivers of rivers and rivers basins to reduce this ratio in spring and spam and unemployed dunes .

هيدرولوجية هور الحمار باستخدام الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Hydrological AL - Hammar marsh By USING remote sensing and geographic information systems

Author name: اية عدنان حسن الياسري
Supervisor name: حسن سوادي نجيبان الغزي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The marshes areas are the largest wetlands in the Middle East - have been subjected to a series of procedures and mechanisms that have worked on the draining of the marshes - which formed the biggest disaster befell them and changed in the early nineties as the hydraulic situation totally different after the desiccation operations and rehabilitation of the marsh - nature and of life milestones It changed as streams and rivers dried up and used a variety of mechanisms that have been able desiccating Marshes through organized campaign 1990 - 1998 resulted in the desiccating to reduce the water resource most of the region and subjected to full drought and high mimics the salinity and thus influence steady on the ecosystem and the emigration of the population, living organisms and the role of desiccation processes and re - flooding on environmental conditions and hydraulic and biological for the region and its impact and changes on the characteristics of the soil, regetation and the land uses. The aim of the research is the study of factors affecting the hydrologicaregimes on Hammar marshes in southern Iraq between latitudes 30,20 - 31,47 to the north and arc longitude 46,17 - 37,47 in the east between the governorate of Dhi Qar, Basra , represented by natural factors geological for matrons, climate, soil and natural vegetation and groundwater as well as human factors are working to give water each region its own features. The study also aims to texplaion of the hydrological regione for the sources feeding Hammar marsh, which includes hydraulic situation of the Euphrates River and hydraulic situation of Shatt al - Gharraf, hydraulic situation of the Almasabi Alaam , the hydraulic situation Alshafi and Algamij, also to study the hydraulic features of the feeding resources of Alhammar marshes represented by the yearly, quarterly and monthly discharge, because of its importance to know the temporal variations of the discharge through the monitoring of different periods in time to see the impact on the recovery of Hammar and clarify the relationship between discharges and levels. .The research aims to study hydrologically Hammar marshes from two sides , the first is to study passage system of Al - Hammar by studying the hydrological budget and its various elements Water for years differentiated the spectrum by knowing the amount and volume of water entering the Hammar from multiple sources and calculate the amount of extra and lost water from the marsh month to show deficit water and earned surplus by comparing to the choosen sample .second aspect of the study is for the regem Hammar, which included a study of the physical and chemical characteristics that determine the quality of water in Hammar, along with climatic factor affecting the basic elements (Heat ,moisture, evaporation ,speed of the wind as well as rain) and the prevailing vegetation of reeds and papyrus plants and determine the validity of the marsh water for different uses - agriculture, health drinking Agriculture craftsmen animals compared it with the international specifications for each use

التمثيل الخرائطي للتوسع العمراني على الغطاء الخضري والتصميم الاساس لمدينة الناصرية باستخدام تقنيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية == urban expansion on the vegetative cover and the basic design of the city of Nasiriya By using Geographical information systems

Author name: سجى خيرالدين مطير العتابي
Supervisor name: رحيم حميد عبد ثامر العبدان | سميع جلاب منسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: اعتمدت الدراسة على استخدام تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد (RS) ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) في رسم خرائط تصنيف الغطاء الارضي وتتبع التغيرات المساحية لكل صنف من اصناف استعمالات الارض الحضرية وتوسعها على حساب المناطق الخضراء ضمن التباينات الزمانية والمكانية التي ساعدت في تغيرها في مدينة الناصرية خلال مدة الدراسة (1968 - 2016), ويدل ذلك على زيادة التوسع العمراني باصنافه المختلفة لا سيما الاستعمال السكني ويسمى ذلك التزايد بالتغير الموجب, اذ امتد ذلك التوسع على حساب المناطق المفتوحة والمناطق الخضراء المتمثلة بانواعها المختلفة (بساتين النخيل والحدائق العامة والمتنزهات والحزام الاخضر), والتجاوز عليها من خلال تغير استعمالات الارض من مناطق خضراء الى اراضي سكنية او صناعية او دوائر حكومية...الخ; ويعزى ذلك الى عدم اتخاذ القرارات المناسبة لتجنب هذه التجاوزات في بلدية الناصرية, فضلا عن ذلك يعود الى سبب مهم وهو عدم وجود الوعي الثقافي الواسع والفهم للبعد البيئي للمناطق الخضراء واهميتها في تخطيط المدينة, التي نتج عنها تغيير استعمالات الارض من صنف المناطق الخضراء الى صنف استعمالات الارض الحضرية الاخرى فقد استخدمت هذه الدراسة اسلوب تحليل المرئيات الفضائية مختلفة التواريخ وتفسيرها وباستخدام طريقة التفسير البصري وكذلك التصنيف الموجة وغير الموجة, فضلا عن الاعتماد على خرائط التصميم الاساس المعدة لمدينة الناصرية وكذلك الدراسات الميدانية لمطابقة ما توصلت الية الباحثة من النتائج في معرفة كل صنف من اصناف استعمالات الارض الحضرية, وبالاعتماد على نظام الهيئة العالمية الامريكية لانتاج خرائط عالية تسمى بخرائط كشف التغير, اذ تم الاعتماد على برنامجي 2.10 ARC GIS & 2014 ERDAS imagine, وقد تم رسم خرائط كشف التغير من خلال اعتماد طريقة المحو Eras, اذ تم من خلال طرح المساحة اللاحقة من المساحة السابقة لاستخراج فرق التغير المساحي لاصناف استعمالات الارض الحضرية لمدينة الناصرية. وقد تبين ان المناطق الخضراء التي كانت مساحتها في التصاميم الاساس للمدد الزمنية الممتدة من (1968 - 1974, 1975 - 1991, 1992 - 2002, 2003 - 2016) قد تراجعت بشكل كبير على الرغم من الزيادة في التوسع المساحي في التصميم الاساس الا ان المناطق الخضراء قد تراجعت والتي بلغت نسبة تراجعها خلال المدة الممتدة من (2003 - 2016) (3,7%) من مجموع مساحة منطقة الدراسة . | The study relied on the use of remote sensing techniques (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) in mapping the land cover classification and tracking the spatial changes of each type of urban land use and its expansion at the expense of the green areas within the temporal and spatial differences that helped change in the city of Nasiriyah during The period of study (1972 - 2016), and this indicates the increase in urban expansion of its various varieties, especially residential use and called the increase positive change, This expansion extends to the open areas and green areas of different types (palm groves, parks, parks and green belt), bypassing them by changing land uses from green areas to residential or industrial lands or government departments, This is due to the failure to take appropriate decisions to avoid these abuses in the municipality of Nasiriyah, in addition to the important reason is the lack of broad cultural awareness and understanding of the environmental dimension of green areas and their importance in the city planning.Which resulted in a change in land use from the green zone category to the other urban land use category. This study used the method of analyzing and interpreting different spatial images using the visual interpretation method as well as the wave and non - wave classification as well as drawing on the design maps prepared for the city of Nasiriyah, In order to match the findings of the researcher's mechanism of the results in the knowledge of each type of urban land use, and based on the system of the American International Organization for the production of high maps called maps of detection change, GIS & 2014 ERDAS imagination, The mapping of change was done by adopting the method Eras Eras, by subtracting the subsequent area of the area prior to the extraction of the difference of spatial areas of the uses of urban land of the city of Nasiriyah. It was found that the green areas that were the basis for the design periods of the period (1969 - 1974, 1975 - 1991, 1992 - 2002, 2003 - 2016) have declined significantly despite the increase in the spatial expansion of the basic design, but green areas Which declined during the period (2003 - 2016) (5.6%) of the total area of study area.
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