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تقييم وتقدير الجرعات لتقنية المجالات المتطابقة في علاج سرطان الحجرة الخلفية للانف والسرطان النخاعي للحجرة الخلفية للدماغ == Assessments and Dosimatric Evaluation of Matching Fields Technique in The Treatment Nasopharyngeal and Medulloblastoma carcinoma

Author name: علي احمد عبد الحميد محمد
Supervisor name: فزع شلال نده | حيدر حمزة العابدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medical Physics
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اضطراب البطين الايسر الانبساطي دون السريري في النساء المصابات بمتلازمة المبيض التكيسي المتعدد == Subclinical Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Author name: سعاد محسن غازي
Supervisor name: اسماعيل ابراهيم حسين | حنان ضايع صخيل
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

ظهور مؤشرات الخلايا الجذعية في النسيج الطبيعي المجاور CD44, ALDH1A1 وCD166 لسرطان القولون والمستقيم في عينات من المرضى العراقيين == Expression of Stem Cell Markers CD44, ALDH1A1 and CD166 in Normal Tissue Adjacent to Colorectal Carcinoma in Samples of Iraqi Patients

Author name: نوال مصطفى عبد الله
Supervisor name: مصطفى محمد ابراهيم | باسم شهاب احمد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Anatomy and Histology and Embryos
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اظهار تعبير المؤشرين في عينات من الغدة الدرقية الطبيعية مقارنة مع عينات من الغدد الدرقية المجوثرة == Expression ofHIF-1?&HIF-2?inTissuesof NormalThyroidComparedtoTissuesofThyroid Multinodular Goitres

Author name: محمد حسين عاصي
Supervisor name: سامية عباس عليوي | باسم شهاب احمد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Anatomy and Histology and Embryos
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة الاحياء الجزيئية لنسيج الثدي الطبيعي المحيط بمنطقة السرطان للنساء العراقيات عن طريق التهجين الموقعي للمؤشرات ERBB2, TOP2A and C-MYC وعلاقتها بوجود == MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF NORMAL MAMMARY TISSUE SURROUNDING BREAST CA OF IRAQI WOMEN THROUGH GENETICALLY FLUERESCENT IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION OF ERBB2, TOP2A AND CMYC IN RELATION TO ER & PR

Author name: حمد فاخر حميد
Supervisor name: مصطفى محمد ابراهيم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Anatomy and Histology and Embryos
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة تعبير مستضد H.pylori في سرطان القولون والمستقيم وارتباطه مع تعبير بعض معلمات الخلايا الجذعية السرطانية CD44 وCD133 للقولون والمستقيم == Study the expression of H.pylori antigen in colorectal cancer and it is correlation with expression of some colorectal cancer stem cell markers(CD133 and CD44)

Author name: ميادة محمد رضا عبد الرزاق
Supervisor name: زينب فاضل عاشور | وسن عبد الاله باقر
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الدور المحتمل لفايروس EBV في التسبب في سرطان البروستات == The Possible Role of EBV as a cause of Prostate Cancer

Author name: ليلى عبد الكريم وحيد
Supervisor name: باسم شهاب احمد | داود سلمان داود
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة التعبير المناعي ل C4d وفيروس BK ووجود الاجسام المضادة الخاصة بفيروس BK في الخزعات الكلوية ومصل الدم من مستلمي زرع الكلى العراقيين == A study of the immunological expression of C4d, BK virus and the presence of anti-BK virus Antibodies in biopsies and serum of Iraqi renal transplant recipients

Author name: طه ياسين مهدي
Supervisor name: رفيف صبيح جمال | ثائر جواد كاظم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التحديد الجزيئي لانزيمات الميتالوبيتا لاكتميز المهمة طبيا والمنتجة من قبل بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية والكلبسيلا الرئوية متعددة المقاومة للادوية == Molecular detection of medically important Metallo- ?-lactamases produced by multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia

Author name: شهد علاء الدين حسين الطائي
Supervisor name: مشتاق طالب صالح العكيلي | عامر رشيد النجار
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

مستخلصات الشاي تاثيرها الذاتي او الاضافي على حياة خلايا السرطان : دراسة داخل وخارج الانبوب == Herbal Tea : Its Own Or Additive Effect On The Survival Of Cancer Cell Line : An In Vitro And Ex Vivo Study

Author name: هدى غسان حميد
Supervisor name: مروان صالح النمر | ناهي يوسف ياسين
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في فرع الفارماكولوجي في كلية الطب في الجامعة المستنصرية بالتعاون مع مركز ابحاث السرطان والوراثة\الجامعةالمستنصرية خلال الفترة من شهر كانون الثاني - شهراب لسنة 2014. الدراسة اقرت من قبل مجلس كلية الطب. صممت هذه الدراسة لتوضيح فعالية نبات ا | This study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology at College of Medicine with incorporation of the Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research at Al - Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq during 2014. This study was designed to elucidate the anti - cancer effect of Camellia sinensis by using four types of tea (black, green, white and oolong). Two experimental cancer models applied in this study; cancer cell lines (In vitro) and mice - bearing tumor (ex vivo). Several methodological and extracted aqueous and organic solvents were used to extract the tea. Microwave assisted extraction using distilled water as a solvent is applied in this study as the yield of bioactive substances are higher than other methods and organic solvents. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through the quantification of total flavonoids, total polyphenolic compound (bioflavanoids), total flavonols, reducing power, and proanthocyanidines. The scavenging property against reactive nitrogen species also was studied. The result showed that the different tea types contain approximately the same quantity of phenolic compounds; the only significant difference was in the proanthocyanidins level, which is a class of flavanols, found in high quantity in green tea compared with other tea extracts. Moreover, a significant scavenging property of peroxynitrite radical observed with all tea extracts. The extracts of black, green and oolong tea prevented or halted nitric oxide generation whereas the white extract tea promoted its generation, that is, a nitric oxide donor. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of Camellia sinensis in form of black, green, white and oolong tea was evaluated against four different types of cell lines. These are the AMN3 mammary cell carcinoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, HeLa cells and Rat embryo fibroblast cells). The results showed greater effect of green and black tea over white tea and oolong tea against mammary cell carcinoma while the results of rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, which is an aggressive cancer cell, revealed a significant inhibitory effect of the growth of these cells by white and oolong tea extracts. All four types show almost equal percent of growth inhibition on HeLa cell line with the white tea been the most significant. A significant inhibitory effect of all tea extracts against the growth of rat embryo fibroblast cells indicated that the cytotoxic effect of the Camellia sinensis extended to normal cells and not specific to cancer cell. In addition, the antitumor effect of tea extracts was investigated (ex vivo) on BALB - c mice bearing - tumor. The volume, shape and color of the tumor masses were examined, in addition to measurement of the tissue malondialdehyde level as a biomarker of the lipid peroxidation, total tumor protein measurement and a histopathological study were done. The white tea showed antitumor effect by attenuating all the biomarkers of tumorogenesis. Herbal tea extracts induced DNA damage in term of separation the double strands molecule of calf thymus double stands DNA and human genomic DNA which may partly explained anti - cancer effect. We concluded that white tea extract is a promising nutrient that ameliorates the histopathological changes in mice bearing mammary tumor via generation reactive oxygen species by the evidence of activation lipid peroxidation process. Camellia sinensis plant can induce non harmful effect on DNA

تاثير كل من عقار الروزوفاستاتين وعقار الاتورفاستاتين على مؤشرات نسب السكر المصاحبة للسمنة المحدثة في الفئران == Effects Of Atorvastatin Versus Rosuvastatin On Glycaemic Indices In Diet Induced Obese Mice

Author name: نورس لطيف وهاب
Supervisor name: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | حيدر مطير القريشي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Numerous interventional cardiovascular disease outcome studies have resulted in statins being an essential factor of cardiovascular primary and secondary prevention strategies.In recent years there was ahigh concern that statin use is associated with diabetes new onset which is strong, independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) and cerebrovascular outcomes ,several studies resulted in conflicting results regarding different statin types & dose effect on glycemic control. Atorvastatin which is the most widely used statin worldwide and rosuvastatin the most efficacious ;they have different structural characteristics that have been speculated to have influence on diabetes onset.Aim of the study : The present study aims at investigating the effect of different doses of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on glycaemic indices and metabolic disorders on mice model of diet induced obesity. Materials and method : The animals were divided into two groups : one served as control that received normal regular chow & the other group received high fat diet for the whole 12 weeks of experiment.After eight weeks of HFD feeding ;group (2) farther subdivided into five groups(12 mice in each) ; the first group received HFD only ,the second group received single daily dose / po of 20mg /kg rosuvastatin ,the third group received single daily dose / po of 40mg /kg rosuvastatin ,the fourth group received single daily dose / po of 20mg /kg atorvastatin ,and the fifth group received single daily dose / po of 40mg /kg atorvastatin for the last four weeks of experiment.Body weight ,food intake, lipid profile ,glycaemic indices were taken at baseline ,before treatment and after treatment.At the end of experiment ,animals were sacrificed , plasma & tissue sample were collected for biochemical analysis and histological observations.Results : Results of the present study shows that high fat diet feeding resulted in obesity development and metabolic abnormality like; hyperglycemia ,hyperinsulinemia ,insulin resistance , dyslipidemia and moderate to severe hepatic steatohepetitis compared to control group. and treatment resulted in significant improvement in lipid profile ,reduction in food intake ,body weight ,also associated with improvement in insulin sensitivity , hepatic steatohepetitis and reduction in insulin secretion.twenty mg/kg dose of atorvastatin showed better influence on glycaemic indices and comparable influence on hepatic picture over fourty mg/kg does while twenty mg/kg dose of rosuvastatin resulted in deterioration of glycaemic indices and no apparent improvement in hepatic steatosis. Unlike group that received 40 mg /kg rosuvastatin which showed significant improvement in all related metabolic disorders. Conclusion : Feeding mice with high calories diet for 2 month result in induction of obesity and disturbance of metabolic parameters. Treatment with rosuvastatin or atorvastatin has good impact on bodyweight , metabolic derangements &hepatic steatosis in obese mice. Both drugs seems to improve lipid profile in dose dependent manner, however their effects on glycaemic indices has different attitude. It is seems that rosuvastatin, especially at high dose, has better impact on glycaemic indices than atorvastatin and this might attributed to the difference in their pharmacokinetic properties

التقييم الفسلجي للاعتلال العصبي الذاتي لمرضى داء السكري

Author name: نسرين قادر كامل
Supervisor name: محمد شريف عبد الله | موسى محمود مربط
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Autouomic neuropaty
  • diabetics mellitus
  • heart rate
  • blood pressure
  • E C G
  • cardiovascular reflex
First pages:
Abstract: (Diabetes Mellitus) D.M : - is the most common endocrine disease, characterized by abnormalities of glucose, protein and lipid metabolism. Diabetic neuropathy is one of the long term chronic complications, which contributes to increase the morbidity & mortality rate in diabetes. One of the earliest manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy is denervation of the cardiovascular system, assessment of cardiovascular reflexes affords a satisfactory evaluation. Along duration time.A battery of bedside clinical tests was used to assess the autonomic function of the heart. This is the response of blood pressure to sustained handgrip and standing - up. The R - R interval change and Q - T interval change in the E, C G in response to standing - up, deep breathing and valsalva maneuver. Number of the patients was 40 diabetic subject and 22 age and sex matched healthy controls. Insulin dependent diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) was 25(62.50%) of cases, non insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) was 15(37.5%) of cases, autonomic neuropathy was detected in 23 patients (57.5%), Orthostatic hypertension in 19 cases (47.5 %), abnormal blood pressure response to sustained hand grip in 20 (50%), abnormal valsalva ratio in 10 (25%), abnormal heart rate response to deep breathing in 11 cases (27.2%).Among the 13 patients with cardiac diabetic autonomic neuropathy, had a Q - Tc interval of > 440 ms ( p < 0.05 ). Compared to the remaining 4 patients had normal Q - Tc interval of 399.5 ± 37.49ms.Cardiovascular tests for cardiac autonomic neuropathy showed increase prevalence with increase in the duration of Diabetes Mellitus above 15 years.This study showed that diabetics had significantly impaired cardio - autonomic reflexes compared to non diabetics. Also, other group of diabetics who have apparently normal cardio - autonomic reflexes were found to have significantly different values compared to the control group, (heart rate variations with deep breathing and valsalva maneuver had a negative correlation with age)

تاثير استخدام عقار الميتفورمين منفردا او مع عقار السيتاكلبتين على مستويات الاومنتين - 1 لدى مرضى داء السكري من النوع الثاني == Effects Of Metformin Alone Or In Combination With Sitagliptin On Serum Omentin - 1 Levels In Patients With Type - 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Author name: ميقات طالب حمادة
Supervisor name: حيدر مطير خليل القريشي | عبد الكريم يحيى السامرائي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : داء السكري يشير الى مجموعة من امراض الايض مع ارتفاع مستوى سكر الدم. يمثل النوع الثاني من داء السكري ما نسبته 90 - 95% من جميع حالات السكري. يمثل النقص في الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين وغيرها من الاضطرابات الهرمونية المشاكل الاساسية لمرضى السكري من ال | Background : Diabetes mellitus (DM) describes chronic metabolic disorders with hyperglycemia. Type II DM (T2DM) represents for approximately 90 - 95% of all diabetic types. A combination of insulin deficiency, insulin resistance and other hormonal irregularities are key problems with T2DM. Adipose tissue can be classified into two types : the brown and white adipose tissues. The white type is considered an important secretory organ which produces many bioactive molecules, collectively termed adipokines. Recently, a new adipokine named omentin - 1, has been identified and it was found that individuals with impairment in glucose homeostasis and newly diagnosed T2DM showed a lower serum omentin - 1 level. However, the effects of antidiabetes drugs on serum omentin - 1 level had not been studied extensively.Objective : The current study was design to measure serum omentin - 1 in T2DM as comparing with control subjects, also to study the effect of three months therapy with metformin and/or sitagliptin (when added to ongoing metformin therapy) on serum omentin - 1 levels in addition to other parameters.Method : This study was carried out on thirty healthy control subjects, and sixty three T2DM patients. The patients enrolled in the current study were divided into two groups. First group : included thirty one of newly diagnosed T2DM patients, started treatment with metformin. Second group : included thirty two patients with T2DM, already on ongoing metformin therapy and started treatment with sitagliptin. All patients received their treatment for three months duration, and blood samples were collected from them at the beginning of the study and after three months of starting treatment to measure the possible change in the studied parameters which include : fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum level of insulin, insulin resistance (IR), serum omentin - 1 levels, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI) as well as blood pressure. Results : The results showed that baseline level of serum omentin - 1 in the newly diagnosed T2DM was significantly lower than matched control subjects. The level of omentin - 1 was significantly reduced after three months duration of treatment in sitagliptin group with no significant change in metformin group. FBG, HbA1c and PBG were decreased significantly after three months in metformin group, while in sitagliptin group, only HbA1c and PBG were decreased significantly after three months. In both groups, and after three months duration of treatment, there were no significant changes in serum level of insulin, IR, TG, VLDL - C, HDL - C, BMI, and blood pressure.Conclusion : In newly diagnosed patients with T2DM, serum omentin - 1 was reduced compared to age and BMI matched healthy subjects. Three months treatment with sitagliptin resulted in a significant reduction in omentin - 1 levels compared with baseline values. However, three months treatment with metformin had no significant effect on serum omentin - 1 level compared with pre - treatment value

تاثير استخدام عقار الكلورال هيدريت منفردا او استعماله مجتمعا مع عقار الديازيبام كمهدئ عند قياس الاداء السمعي الدماغي عند الاطفال == Chloral Hydrate Alone Or In Combination With Diazepam As A Sedative For Auditory Brainstem Response Testing In A Pediatric

Author name: مريم محمد حميد مصطفى
Supervisor name: حيدر مطير خليل القريشي | حيدر وهاب السرحان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لبحث تاثير استخدام الكلورال هيدريت منفردا او استعماله مع الديازيبام كمهدئ عند قياس الاداء السمعي الدماغي عند الاطفال من اجل تقييم ما اذا كان اضافة الديازيبام له تاثير ايجابي او سلبي.اعتمدت الدراسة الحاليه على160 متطوعا من الاطفال ال | Background : children usually need sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. It is well known that pediatrics age groups are at higher risk for sedation - related complications than adults. Auditory brainstem response testing is one of the important diagnostic procedure that usually need sedation in order to preformed in children. Chloral hydrate is a hypnotic agent used since 1832 with low incidence of adverse events; whoever, despite the world wide use it is being abandoned due to bitter test, long time of sedation onset, vomiting and mild sedation. Rectally diazepam, on the other hand, produces higher and fast concentration in CSF with greater rate of success but probably with higher adverse events. Aim of the study : were to compare the sedative effect of chloral hydrate with chloral hydrate diazepam combination as well as their related adverse effects in children underwentg auditory brainstem response testing. Methods : in this randomized clinical study, 160 child underwent sedation for auditory brainstem response test participated. They were divided equally and randomly into 4 groups. Group A : Received 20 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate as sedative, Group B : Received 20 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate plus 0.5 mg/Kg diazepam rectally, Group C : Received 40 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate as sedative, and Group D : Received 40 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate plus 0.5 mg/Kg diazepam rectally. At the beginning, blood pressure, respiratory rates, peripheral oxygen saturation recorded, and then re - recorded immediately after drug administration and at (3, 5, 10, 20, …. min). Ramsay sedation scale used for assessment of the sedation level which measured every 10 min. Results : This study shown the beneficial use of chloral hydrate in combination with diazepam as sedation in ABR test (in groups D) by increased in the sedated number (p<0.05), decreased in the requirement of chloral hydrate re - dose, increased in the number of children whom completed ABR test (p<0.05) without significant differences on side effects or vital signs compared with the others three groups. 4.3. Conclusion : From this study we concluded that : • Used of oral chloral hydrate in dose (20mg/kg) alone not sufficient as sedative in paediatrics for ABR test.• Used of oral chloral hydrate dose (20mg/kg) in combination with rectal diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) better than used it alone as sedative in paediatrics for ABR test.• Used of oral chloral hydrate dose (40mg/kg) in combination with rectal diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) was the best sedative in paediatrics for ABR test. • Used of Chloral hydrate diazepam combination in ABR test of paediatrics increased the number of the sedated children, decreased the requirement of chloral hydrate re - dose, and increased the number of completed ABR test, with less complication

تاثيرات استخدام عقار الفيراباميل وعقار السايكلوسبورين في حالة اعتلال عضلة القلب الناتج من استخدام عقار الدوكسوروبسين : في الفئران المختبرية == Effects Of Verapamil,Labetalol And Cyclosporine Use In The Condition Of Cardiotoxicity Resulted From Doxorubicin Use : Animal Model Study

Author name: محـمد عبد العزيز محـمد
Supervisor name: حيدر مطير خليل القريشي | خالد جمعة خليل
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Doxorubicin is a member of anthracycline antibiotic that widely used in the treatment of different types of cancer such as hematological malignances, solid tumors, and different organ tumors, doxorubicin is very efficient in the treatment of cancer. But the use of doxorubicin is limited by the side effect of doxorubicin on the same organ, the most important organ that affected by doxorubicin is the heart, the toxicity of doxorubicin in the heart, the use of doxorubicin due to the cardiotoxicity that induced by doxorubicin will lead to cardiomyopathy and in the final result of these cardiotoxicity lead to congestive heart failure that occurred secondary to the cardiotoxicity may appear after long period of termination of treatment by doxorubicin.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study its investigate the possible modulation effect of drugs (verapamil, cyclosporine, labetalol) on the cardiotoxicity that induced by doxorubicin drug. Animals and methods forty Dwale - Spargue male rats where enrolled in this study, the animals divided into groups, (5) rats in each group and assigned as I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII.Group I : received physiological saline (5ml/kg), orally, daily for ten days and served as the control.Group II : received a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal and was sacrificed after 48 hours which served as doxorubicin group.Group III : received verapamil (5mg/kg), orally daily for ten days and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal were given.Group IV : received cyclosporine (0.5mg/kg), orally daily for ten days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was given.Group V : received cyclosporine (1mg/kg), orally daily for ten days ,and on day eight ,one hour after drug administration a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg),intraperitoneal was given. Group VI : received both of verapamil (5mg/kg,orally) and cyclosporine (0.5mg/kg,orally) one hour apart, daily for ten days ,and on day eight, one hour after drug administration ,a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal was given.Group VII : received labetalol (0.5mg/kg), orally daily for ten days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was given. Group VIII : received labetalol (1mg/kg, orally),daily for ten days ,and on day eight ,one hour after drug administration ,a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal was given.Serum MDA, LDH, Troponin I, and interleukine - 17. Were measured and histopathological changes also viewed?ResultsThe results in this study showed an increase in the cardiac biomarkers in the doxorubicin group compared to the control group, the cardiac biomarkers that measured are LDH, MDA, Troponin I, interleukine - 17. Also the results showed histopathalogical changes in cardiac tissue in doxorubicin group as compared to the control group, also the results showed the pre - treatment with verapamil, cyclosporine low dose, cyclosporine high dose, combination of verapamil and cyclosporine low dose, labetalol low dose, labetalol high dose showed decreasing in the cardiac biomarkers MDA, LDH, Troponin I, interleukine - 17 to a significant amount compared to the doxorubicin group, also showed histopathlogical improvement in cardiac tissue. Conclusions Doxorubicin drug used as antineoplastic agent will produce a toxic effect on the cardiac tissue, this toxic effect will limit the use of doxorubicin, cyclosporine, labetalol and verapamil produced differential effects and protection from Doxorubicin induced cardio toxicity via amelioration of cardiac biomarkers and histopathological changes

عزل وتحديد هوية فيروس الحصبة في علاقته ببعض الجوانب المناعية من الاشخاص النازحين الملقحين في محافظة بابل == Isolation And Identification Of Measles Virus In Relation To Some Immunological Aspects From The Vaccinated Displaced Individuals In Babylon Governorate

Author name: ليث احمد عمران كيف الكيف
Supervisor name: محمد عبد كاظم حسن السعدي | يونس عبد الرضا كحيوش الخفاجي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة لتقييم مناعة المجتمع لكلا النازحين والمقيمين الملقحين بلقاح فيروس الحصبة ضد خمج الحصبة في محافظة بابل. لذا تضمنت هذه الدراسة معايرة الحالة المناعية في امصال النازحين والمقيمين محافظة بابل مع عزل وتشخيص فيروس الحصبة من الحالات المشتبه بها. ت | The study was conducted to evaluate the herd immunity for both the displaced and residents vaccinated with measles virus vaccine against measles infection in Babylon governorate. Therefore this study includes the evaluation of the immune status in sera of Babylon governorate displaced and residents with specific aspect for isolation and identification of measles virus from suspected cases. The immune response was evaluated by means of ELISA test (enzyme linked immunosorbet assay) for titration of IgM and IgG immunoglobulin level, in addition to evaluation of perforin level in the sera of 90 measles vaccinated individuals included in this study (50 displaced and 40 residents) from different areas in Babylon governorate, that were collected during the period extent from January up to April of 2016. Data about individuals were fixed according to information of formula including age, sex, geographical location, place displace of displaced and the vaccination date. Successful virus isolation from suspected cases on two types of cells culture included Vero cells line and chicken embryo fibroblast was carried. The titer of the isolated virus on Vero cell line reached (105.8 TCID50 / 0.1ml),which was higher than the titer of the virus isolated on CEF which reach (105.4 TCID50 / 0.1ml) after the third passage of the virus. The isolated virus was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence technique.The age of subjects included in this study ranged from <1 year up to 24 years old. The results revealed that 15 (30%) have positive IgM index in sera of displaced, whereas residents sera sample shown only 6 (15%) positivity. Howover, all 90 (100%) subjects of both groups showed positive IgG index. The results of the present study showed that there were no significant difference of perforin level in sera of refugees and residents at p<0.05.Assaying of immune response against measles virus by measuring IgM immunoglobulin in sera of vaccinated displaced and resident with measles vaccine reflected a highly significant difference between two groups which reached 0.43 mIU/ml in sera of displaced in comparison with residents sera which reached 0.34 mIU/ml. The result showed also high significant differences in IgM between females and males. The females sera IgM levels of displaced and residents were higher than its level in males sera which reached 0.47 mIU/ml and 0.35 mIU/ml, respectively, in comparison with male sera level which reached 0.40 mIU/ml and 0.32 mIU/ml, respectively. According to age group, the highest IgM value was recorded in displaced and residents sera in age group 10 - 14years (0.50 mIU/ml) and 5 - 9years (0.36 mIU/ml) respec - tively. Whereas the lowest IgM serum value was detected in age group <1 year (0.34 mIU/ml) and 15 - 19years (0.31 mIU/ml) for displaced and residents subjects. According to geographical location, the highest IgM level was detected in sera of displaced from Tal Afar city (0.44 mIU/ml) followed by displaced from Ramadi (0.41 mIU/ml) and the lowest IgM value was detected in sera of displaced from Mosul city (0.33 mIU/ml). Whereas the highest IgM value in sera of residents in the subjects of Al - Mahaweel city (0.37 mIU/ml) followed by subjects of Hilla and Al - Qasem city (0.29 mIU/ml and 0.28 mIU/ml) respectively. For IgG serum immunoglobulin the results revealed that there was no difference in significant levels in both group population. But according to age groups significant difference between displaced and residents was detected at p <0.05 in which the 1 - 4 years old showed the highest IgG serum level in both group (1.98 mIU/ml and 2.18 mIU/ml) respectively. While the lowest IgG sera value was recorded in displaced age group of < 1 year old (0.60 mIU/ml) compared with residents age group of 20 - 24 years old (1.65 mIU/ml).It could be concluded that the results showed that the displaced do not have any effect on the residents of the province of Babylon for measles as a result of the good immunization by Babil Health directorate following to the Ministry of Health.

تاثير استخدام عقار الميتفورمين منفردا او استعماله مجتمعا مع عقار كلكلزايد على مستوى الاومنتين - 1 - في مرضى داء السكري من النوع الثاني == Effects Of Metformin Alone Or In Combination With Gliclazide On Serum Omentin - 1 Levels In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Author name: سمر محمد غني سليمان
Supervisor name: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | حيدر فاضل الربيعي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لبحث التاثير العلاجي لاستخدام عقار الميتفورمين منفردا او استعماله مجتمعا مع عقار كلكلزايد على مستوى الاومنتين - 1 - باالاضافة الى المؤشرات الحيوية الاخرى في مرضى داء السكري من النوع الثاني من اجل تقييم ما اذا كان الجمع بين العقارين ( | Background : Omentin is a newly identified adipokine, which is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue, in which omentin - 1 is the main isoform in human circulation, associated with cardio - metabolic disturbances. So considering the impact of anti - diabetic drug on omentin - 1 levels may provide adjuvant strategy to protect diabetic patients against clinical hazards.Aim of the study : The present study aimed to investigate the influence of treatment with metformin alone or in combination with gliclazide on the level of serum omentin - 1, in addition to the other biomarkers adopted in the study in order to evaluate whether the combined therapy (metformin plus gliclazide) ameliorate or adversely effects on some cardiac protector markers of metformin among recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods : A total number of 100 recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the present study from December 2014 until June 2015. Sixty eight patients completed the 12 weeks course of treatment; divided into two equal groups based on treatment regimen in which group1 treated with metformin and group2 treated with metformin plus gliclazide. Thirty two patients did not complete the course of the treatment for unknown reasons and considered as default. In addition to 31 healthy volunteers were randomly chosen and considered as Control Group. In which all the participants in the study underwent detection of blood pressure, pulse rate, weight, height & BMI in addition to the estimation of the levels of others biochemical analysis as glycemic indices, lipid profile & serum omentin - 1at the beginning of the study & after 12 weeks of treatment regimen.Results : The results of this study shown the beneficial amelioration of metformin on some markers that affect CVS represented as significant reduction in BMI (p<0.05), modest improvement in lipid profile with modest elevation in HDL level & lowering blood pressure, significant reduction in the levels of blood glucose & HbA1C (p<0.05), improves insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin resistance, and elevation of serum omentin - 1 level among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (group1). Furthermore, the results of current study are revealed that adding of gliclazide to metformin in treatment of type 2 diabetic patients might influence the documented beneficial effects of metformin on cardiovascular system at least by adversely changing the levels of serum omentin - 1 among group 2. Conclusions : Adding of gliclazide to metformin in treatment of patients with type 2 DM might extend the therapeutic action of metformin in regarding much better controlling of glycemic indices, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. But, at the same time, it might attenuate some of beneficial effects of metformin on cardiovascular system at least by adversely influence on body weight and serum omentin - 1 levels.

تاثير استخدام عقار النكلوزمايد بالمقارنة مع عقار المتفورمين على وزن الجسم ومؤشرات السكر في السمنة المحدثة عند الفئران == Effects Of Use Of Niclosamide Drug In Comparison With Metformin Drug On Body Weight And Glycemic Indices In High Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice

Author name: خالد دهان صليبي
Supervisor name: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | خالد جمعة خليل
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: في ستينيات القرن الماضي كان هناك نوع من العلاجات تستخدم للسيطرة على وزن الجسم او لتخفيفه , تلك المواد تعمل على تثبيط عضيات المايتوكوندريا من انتاج الطاقة وتحويل مجرى تفاعلات الاكسدة نحو انتاج الحرارة بدلا عن الطاقة وبذلك تحفز من زيادة اكسدة الشحوم ومادة ا | Background : Obesity is a state of excessive accumulation of fat tissue in the body , increasing energy expenditure is good way to manage obesity and the related complications. Mitochondrial uncouplers increase energy expenditure , they used before for weight controlling programs because these compounds uncouple mitochondria from generating ATP , moreover stimulate lipid and glucose oxidation preventing lipid accumulation in excess caloric intake conditions specially. Niclosamide an old drug introduced in 1960s as anthelmintic and had FDA approval for the treatment of most of tapeworm infections. It is well known mitochondrial uncoupler.Aim of the study : The present study aimed to investigate the influence of trial of the use of niclosamide in comparison to effect of metformin and their combination on body weight , glycemic indices and lipid profile in high fat diet induced obese mice.Materials and methods : The animals firstly divided to two groups one fed with normal regular mouse chow (30 mice) and the 2nd fed with high fat diet (60%kcal) for 2.5 months(100 mice) 10 mice from each group sacrificed at beginning of study represent baseline values and another 10 mice from each group sacrificed after 2.5 months to assess effect of high fat diet on study parameters. The group that fed with high fat diet further subdivided to 4 groups after 2.5 month of high fat diet feeding each 20 mice , 10 mice from each group sacrificed before treatment represent pretreatment values. Before treatment there are 5 groups assigned as group 1 fed normal regular mouse chow till the end of study , group 2 fed high fat diet without treatment till the end of study , group 3 fed with high fat diet till the end of study and treated with niclosamide for one month (150mg/kg) after obesity induction by high fat diet , group 4 fed with high fat diet till the end and treated by metformin (300mg/kg) for one month and finally group 5 fed with high fat diet till the end of study and treated by combination of niclosamide and metformin (150mg/kg , 300mg/kg respectively). blood samples taken from tail vein to evaluate the study parameters at baseline and after obesity induction by high fat diet (after 2.5 months) and after treatment ,then animals were sacrificed and livers were taken for histopathological observations.Results : The results of this study shown that the animals fed with high fat diet show metabolic disturbances manifested by significant increase (P < 0.05) in body weight , fasting insulin & fasting plasma glucose. Lipid profile show significant changes (P < 0.05)(cholesterol , triglycerides ,low density lipoproteins increased while high density lipoproteins decreased ) as compared to control group. High fat diet group also show impaired glucose tolerance , impaired insulin sensitivity and obvious liver structural changes manifested by sever steatosis.Treatment with niclosamide show improvement in all metabolic disturbances induced by obesity ; body Weight , fasting insulin and fasting plasma glucose reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Lipid profile parameters improved ; cholesterol , triglycerides , low density lipoproteins reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by one month treatment with niclosamide and high density lipoproteins increased significantly (P < 0.05) as compared to their baseline values before treatment, Glucose and insulin tolerance improved. It is nice to mention the influence of niclosamide in this study was comparable to metformin in all evaluated parameters.Combination of both drugs show favorable improvement in metabolic disturbances induced by obesity rather than each drug when used alone specially on liver histopathological changes.Combination of both drugs show significant reduction (P < 0.05) in body weight ,fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin. Lipid profile parameters improved significantly (P < 0.05) , glucose and insulin tolerance improved.Liver histopathological changes ameliorated to higher extent and become the closet to normal liver tissue morphology.Conclusions : The result suggest niclosamide have good antidiabetic action and can ameliorate the metabolic changes induced by obesity significantly. Its action is comparable to that of well known antidiabetic drug metformin. Niclosamide has favorable effect on body weight and can reduce body weight. Its combination with metformin show better improvement in metabolic disturbances induced by obesity and it has very good hepatoprotective effect against liver histopathological changes induced by high fat diet.

دراسة مستوى الهيبسيدين ومستقبلات الترانسفرين في عينات من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بحالات فقر دم نقص الحديد واضطرابات زيادة الحديد في الدم == Study Of Hepcidin Level And Transferrin Level In Samples Of Iraqi Patients With Iron Overload And Iron Deficiency Disorders

Author name: داليا نايف جاسم
Supervisor name: علاء الدين مظفر زبير القاسم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Blood
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The circulating peptide hepcidin is secreted mainly by the liver as an 84 - amino acid precursor that is subsequently processed and secreted as a 25 - amino acid peptide form. It is considered the "master regulator" of iron metabolism.Transferrin receptor is a carrier protein for transferrin. It is needed for the import of iron into the cell and is regulated in response to intracellular iron concentration. It imports iron by internalizing the transferrin - iron complex through receptor - mediated endocytosis. This study addresses the physiological role of hepcidin in vivo and investigates the role of hepcidin as an erythroid regulator, contributing to the modulation of iron absorption by the intestine and iron release by the macrophages in the situation of anemia with normal or increased iron stores. Measuring the transferrin receptor level and it's relation to hepcidin is another part of the data involved in this study.Methods : This study included 64 Iraqi patients, 34 of them have iron deficiency anemia and the other 30 are iron overload patients. They attended the National Center of Hematology and Thalassemia center in Al - Karama Teaching Hospital during the period from October 2014 until April 2015 together with 30 healthy controls. Information regarding age, sex and clinical presentation were recorded. ELISA technique used to measure hepcidin and transferrin receptors level in patients and healthy control groups.Results : ? Mean serum hepcidin level in iron deficiency anemia patients was (205.3ng/ml) while in iron overload patients was (6.7ng/ml).? Mean serum level of transferrin receptors in iron deficiency anemia was (11006.3ng/ml) and in iron overload was (604.5ng/ml).Conclusion : ? The mean level of serum hepcidin in thirty iron deficiency anemia patients is high. Its elevation represented an acute phase response. While in thirty patients with iron overload, hepcidin mean level was low mainly due to stress erythropoiesis.? The current study result addresses the usefulness of soluble transferrin receptor for assessing high iron status in population and how soluble transferrin receptor is useful in the evaluation of anemic patients.

تقييم نظام المعلومات الصحي في العراق == Assessment Of The National Health Information System In Iraq

Author name: ثائر عيسى مراد
Supervisor name: مازن غازي جاسم الربيعي | امجد داود نيازي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر الاحصائيات الصحية الرصينة ضرورة لاتخاذ القرارات السليمة في كل مستويات النظام الصحي. ولكن في الحقيقة ان نظم المعلومات الصحية في معظم البلدان تعتبر غير كافية لتوفير المعلومات اللا زمة لدعم الادارة الصحية ولهذا فان معظم النظم الحالية تعتبر كعائق اداري | Sound health statistics are essential for health decision - making at all levels of the health system. Unfortunately, health information systems in most countries are inadequate in providing the needed management support and the current systems are therefore widely seen as management obstacles rather than as tools, the current study is an attempt to assess the health information system in Iraq with recognizing the strengths, weaknesses and gaps in addition to assessment of the structure and performance of this system; it also attempts to assess the behavioral, technical and organizational determinants affecting the health information system performance. A cross - sectional study was conducted for the assessment process and the levels of the assessment included the ministry of health (national level), the health directorates (provincial level), the districts related to the health directorates reaching to the health centers level, as well as the hospitals related to the health directorates, in addition to the ministry of planning and the ministry of interior. In addition to ministry of health (central level) a total of six governorates were selected by simple random sampling including the capital Baghdad with a seven districts were selected from those governorates also by simple random sampling and a total of twenty six health centers were selected from those districts, as well a total of seven hospitals were included in the study from all governorate and they were selected according to convenience. The interview has been done by using the health metrics network assessment tool version 4, in addition to a complementary assessment tools which are the PRISM package tools that were used at the district and primary health center levels. Based on the data collected and according to the health metric network assessment tool findings the overall health information system has laid in the adequate state (65.96%) with most of its comprising components function poorly. Data dissemination and use and data management categories were the weakest with a score of 50% and 53.3% respectively, while for the resources category it was found to be adequate 63.3%, and for that of HIS indicators, data sources and information product categories they were 73.3%, 66% and 69.6% respectively. For that of the PRISM tools and the findings obtained by them from the collected data the results revealed that a low data quality in term of accuracy with 29.03% at the facility level and 55.35% at the district level, while the completeness rate was excellent with a score 96.38% at the facility level and 98.23% at the district level, for that of the timeliness it was 70.43% timeliness at the district level. The information use for a given feedback at the facility was 50% and at the district was 82.12% and for observed meeting records it was 50% for the facility and 41.6% for the district level. For that of the functionality a 34.61and 67.30% of the facilities reported having a reminder mechanism for data completeness process and meeting a deadline for submitting monthly reports respectively, Data analysis was better at the district 85.71% than at the facility 81.7%, Data display were present in all of the facilities and districts. For the technical determinant the results showed 57%, 85.7%, 71.4% and 100% of the district respondents felt that the form is complex and difficult to follow, data software is a user - friendly, information technology is easy to manage and a comprehensive picture of the health system performance is captured by the system respectively,85.7% believed that the information system collecting information from some vertical programs and one district reported of no collection at all, in addition to that 100% reported the absence of a software that integrates data from different information systems and the available information technology doesn&#39;t provide full access procedure to district and senior managers. Regarding the behavioral determinants the results revealed that overall mean confidence for the information system tasks is 69.41% while for that of the task competence the overall mean competence level is 37.1%. Knowledge of checking data quality, knowledge of health information system rationale and problem solving showed results of 35.32% 37.68% and 2.98% respectively, and that of motivation level was 43.4%. Organizational determinants results revealed that the management functions at facility and district levels were almost absent, while for the perceived promotion of a culture of information it showed a total score of 63.96% and rewarding for a good performance was 56.83%. The activities for promotion of a culture of information are a 25% at the facility level and 28.75% at the district level. And that of supervision quality at the facility were (72.80%). Availability of resources revealed that 100% of the facilities have two or more computers and calculators respectively while only 57.7% have an internet access. Access to the electricity and water supply is very high, No facility reported of running out in registers in the last 12 months. Finally, the current study shows the importance for the need of further attention to be drawn to HIS, in addition to that, increasing the awareness and well coordinated efforts that need to be done to overcome weaknesses and to provide a well functioning HIS enabling for evidence based decision making and action provision in the health system.

تاثيرات السيتاكولين ,الجنسنك واستخدامهما معا على الذاكرة العملية والاداء الحركي النفسي == Effects Of Citicoline, Ginseng, And Their Combination On Psychomotor Performance And Working Memory

Author name: تيسير لطيف علي
Supervisor name: حيدر القريشي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اساس الدراسة : اجريت الدراسة الحالية لتقييم التاثير العلاجي لعقار السيتاكولين والجنسنك واستخدامهما معا على الذاكرة القصيرة المدى والاداء الحسي الحركي, وذلك من خلال دراسة الاثار المركزية والطرفية للعقارين على مقاييس الاداء الحسي الحركي , الذاكرة العمليه , | Citicoline is one of components that present in the human brain, which act to protect the neurons and enhance memory and other cognitive functions due to its choline in their structure which play an important role in the biological membrane biosynthesis. On other hand Ginseng is an herbal plant is known for its therapeutic medical importance, it's used for different purposes in medical fields, that is effective against many diseases, act as a tonic and provide energy with significant reduction in mental and physical fatigue.Aims of the study To evaluate the central effects of Panax Ginseng and/or citicoline on normal healthy volunteers.Material and Method The subjects are randomly divided into four groups for assessment of central effects of Panax Ginseng and /or citicoline compared with placebo. The evaluation of the central effects was done by using the Leeds psychomotor battery tester for evaluating the psychomotor performance, workshop test was used to evaluate working memory function.The enrolled volunteers were randomly divided into the following groups : First group regarded as control group that treated with 500 mg/day of starch capsule as a single dose, second group, received Panax Ginseng capsule 500 mg /day, a third group received citicoline capsule 500 mg/day and the fourth group received Panax Ginseng capsule 500 mg/day plus citicoline capsule 500 mg/day as a single dose. All participants are followed for two consecutive weeks from starting treatments.ResultsIn the present study the placebo didn't have any central effect and MDA serum levels were not significantly change. Panax Ginseng has statistically significant effect on the most parameters of the psychomotor performance, working memory performance, as well as reduction of MDA serum levels. On the other hand, citicoline has statistically a significant effects on most parameters of the psychomotor and working memory function with statistically significant reduction of MDA serum levels.The combination of Panax Ginseng and citicoline have a highly statistically significant effect on all psychomotor performance, working memory performance and statistically significant reduction in the oxidative stress marker (MDA). ConclusionResults of the present study showed that combined effects of citicoline plus Panax Ginseng on central function produced more statistically significant effects on psychomotor performances, CFFF and working memory function than either Panax Ginseng or citicoline when they used alone, in addition to the combined effects of citicoline plus Panax Ginseng have a more significant effect on the oxidative stress,during mental stress.

تقييم وحدات الرعاية المركزة لحديثي الولادة في ردهات الولادة لمستشفيات بغداد == Evaluation Of Neonatal Intensive Care Units At Maternity Wards In Baghdad Hospitals

Author name: بشرى احمد عبد اللطيف
Supervisor name: جمال محمود الخضيري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تتباين انظمة الرعاية لحديثي الولادة المطبقة ولكنها كلها تعتمد على وحدات الخدج الموجودة في مختلف بلدان العالم النامية والمتقدمة.انجزت هذه الدراسة المقطعية التقويمية في وحدات حديثي الولادة لردهات الولادة في مستشفيات بغداد (الكرخ والرصافة) مستثنين وحدات ال | Neonatal health care is provided via a variety of neonatal care units that are available globally both in different developing and developed countries.A cross - sectional evaluation study was conducted in all accessible fifteen neonatal intensive care units in Baghdad (Kharkh and Rosafa) maternity wards, excluding paediatric hospitals, during the period from November 2013 till the end of March 2014.The study aims : 1. Health care evaluation in neonatal intensive care units of maternity wards in Baghdad hospitals in terms of input (human and non - human resources) and outcome.2. Identifying causes of admissions and causes of deaths occurring in neonatal intensive care units The study consisted of two parts : A structure evaluation is using a check list to assess availability of human and non - human resources, covering infrastructure, manpower, equipment, and supplies; and an outcome evaluation study using hospital registration records review for causes of admission and causes of death in neonatal intensive care units during the year 2013.It was found that the mean number of specialist doctors in neonatal intensive care units was 2.1 and with standard deviation ±1.3, and college nurse was 2.2, with standard deviation of ±4.004, pharmacist was 0.4 with standard deviation of± 0.516 and for supplementary staff 1.5 with standard deviation of± 0.516.More than half 54% of nurses had no training in neonatal care.Concerning the availability of general equipment it was adequate except for computers 40%.Air conditioning, lighting and windows in addition to safe water supply was good 100% but ventilation was poor 67%, hand washing area was not always present 60% and free elbow operated water tubes were available in 6.7%. Availability of neonatal intensive care units special area was adequate for storage area 85.7% gowning area78.6%, while all the remaining areas were poorly available (resting room, examining room, mother room, boiling and autoclave room, area for mixing intravenous fluid and medication).Neonatal intensive care units were narrow and area/incubator ranging from 2.28m2 to 4.36m2/ incubator. Number of incubators was 246 with patient/ incubator ratio 53.6 : 1 and 27% of Neonatal intensive care units had no regular maintenance for incubators. Large Neonatal intensive care units >25 incubators were overcrowded, having below standards area/incubator, incubators covers only two third of neonatal care. Still up to one third of Neonatal intensive care units are getting their oxygen supply by cylinders, not pipes. Most equipment for individual use were poorly available. Most of Neonatal intensive care units emergency (cupboard) drugs and supplies were sufficiently available round the clock. Total admissions to Neonatal intensive care units were 13195 neonates. Male neonate's admissions 60% were higher than females 40%. Main causes of admission were Respiratory distress syndrome 43%, prematurity and low birth weight 19.4%, and Transient tachypnea 17.4%; birth asphyxia 4%, and hypoglycemia 3.8%, Congenital anomalies 3.7%, Neonatal jaundice 3%, while meconium aspiration and septicemia were the lowest1%. From all these admissions 74% were discharged well, (6%) were referred, while those discharged against medical advice were (4%) and the rest (16%) died. The main causes of death in Neonatal intensive care units were Respiratory distress syndrome 34%, prematurity and low birth weight 31% congenital anomalies 12%, birth asphyxia 8%, septicemia 4%, meconium aspiration 1% and 10% due to other unclassified causes. From this evaluation study, it can be concluded that there were Neonatal intensive care units with under staffing, undertraining and poor designing. Respiratory distress syndrome and prematurity were the main neonatal health problems.

تقييم استخدام الروزوفاستاتين والتلميسرتان في حالة تسمم عضلة القلب الحاد المحدث من استخدام الدوكسوروبيسيبن في الجرذان المختبرية == Evaluation The Usage Of Rosuvastatin And Telmisartan In Doxorubicin Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity In Rats

Author name: ايهاب اياد احمد
Supervisor name: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | خالد جمعة خليل
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لتقييم التاثيرالعلاجي لاستخدام الروزوفاستاتين والتلمسارتان في التقليل من سمية القلب المحدثة من عقار الدوكسوروبسين في الجرذان المختبريةباستخدام الطرق الكيميائية الحيوية والنسيجية ومقارنة تاثير الاستخدام المزدوج بفعالية استخدام كل م | Background : Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic is a powerful antineoplastic drug, but its therapeutic usefulness is limited by its cardiotoxicity. Aim of the study : The present study investigated the influence of pretreatment with rosuvastatin and telmisartan alone or in combination in different doses on doxorubicin induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats using biochemical and histological approaches. Materials and methods : The animals were divided into eight groups of 5 animals each. The first group received no drug(s) po but a single dose of distilled water (7.5 ml/kg, ip) on day eight, which serves as the control group. The second group received no drug(s) po but a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) on day eight, and serves as doxorubicin only received group. The third and sixth group received rosuvastatin (2 , 10) mg/kg/day respectively for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given. The fourth and seventh group received telmisartan (2 , 4) mg/kg/day respectively for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given. The fifth and eighth group received both drugs, where the fifth group received both of rosuvastatin (2 mg/kg, po) and telmisartan (2 mg/kg, po), 1 hour apart, daily for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given. While the eighth group received both of rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg, po) and telmisartan (4 mg/kg, po), 1 hour apart, daily for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given.At day ten of the study, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis, then animals were sacrificed and hearts were taken for histopathological observations. Results : Rats treated with doxorubicin showed cardiotoxicity as evidenced by significant elevation of serum cardiac troponin (CTn - I) level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and interluekine 17 (IL - 17) level associated with important histopathological alterations while pre - treatment with rosuvastatin and telmisartan elicited a significant decrease in the activities of all markers measured in comparison with doxorubicin treated group with pronounced resolution of Dox induced cardiac histological changes to a milder picture.Conclusion : These results suggest pretreatment with rosuvastatin and telmisartan alone or in combination provide a significant protective effect against acute - doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats represented by biochemical markers and histological approaches.

العلاقة بين تجارب الطفولة السيئة والمطاوعة على الصحة بعد البلوغ في بغداد == The Relationship Of Adverse Childhood Experiences And Resilience To Adult's Health In Baghdad City

Author name: اميل فاروق الشاوي
Supervisor name: رياض خضير لفتة | صالح الحسناوي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تجارب الطفولة السيئة تشير الى اكثر مصادر الاجهاد شيوعا وشدة التي يعاني منها الاطفال في حياتهم المبكرة. من هذه الخبرات الاساءة، الاهمال، العنف بين الابوين او مقدمي الرعاية والعنف المجتمعي. وتبين ان الاجهاد الطويل في الطفولة له اثار طيلة الحياة على صحة | Adverse Childhood Experiences refer to some of the most intensive and frequently occurring sources of stress that children may suffer early in life. Such experiences include multiple types of abuse; neglect; violence between parents or caregivers and community violence exposure. It has been shown that prolonged stress in childhood has life - long consequences for a person's health and well - being; it may lead to serious problems such as alcoholism, depression, eating disorders, heart diseases, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Resilience is the ability to manage crises, difficult situations and developmental tasks. Research on resilience has identified several factors that strengthen the power and resources of children as well as promote their abilities to cope successfully with crises and internal and external problems. This cross - sectional study was conducted to estimate the effect of adverse childhood experiences and resilient factors on adults’ heath. It was done during the period from January 2013 through January 2014. The study sample was drawn from Baghdad City. Multistage sampling technique was used to choose 13 primary health care centers and eight colleges from three universities in Baghdad; the questionnaire was filled through a direct interview with the participants. In addition to that, teachers of seven primary schools and two secondary schools were chosen by a convenient method. A total of 1040 subjects were surveyed and 1000 responded. Their age ranged between 18 to 59 years (32.08±11.169). Females constituted a higher proportion (58.3%) of the study sample, 60% of this sample had university/diploma as the highest level of education. The results showed (during childhood) that seeing or hearing a parent or household member in home being yelled at, screamed at, sworn at, insulted or humiliated was reported in 469 (46.9%). A parent, guardian or other household member yelled, screamed or swear at, insulted or humiliated them was registered in 387 (38.7%). A parent, guardian or other household member spanked, slapped, kicked, punched the subjects was seen in 335 (33.5%). father's death (when the subject's age was 15 years or less) was reported in 104 (10.4%) of the participants, and 74.8 % of the subjects like to be the kind of people their parents were. The multiple linear regression models demonstrated that being in the fourth quartile (highest quartile) of household dysfunction - abuse score is expected to significantly increase depression symptoms score by a mean of (10.4) compared to subjects in the lowest (first quartile) of household dysfunction - abuse score, being in the fourth quartile of family bonding score is expected to significantly decrease depression symptoms score by a mean of ( - 22.5) compared to subjects in the first quartile, the same is correct for self - esteem score which increases by a mean of (21.484) for the fourth quartile of family bonding score compared to subjects with lowest (first quartile) after adjusting other explanatory variables. Logistic regression model showed that being in a higher level of family bonding (fourth quartile) is expected to reduce the risk of having chronic physical diseases by almost the half (odds ratio =0.57) and being exposed to a high level of household dysfunction and abuse (fourth quartile) is expected to increase the risk of having chronic physical diseases by 81%. A positive history of suicidal attempts showed a strong positive association with mean score of household dysfunction and abuse. Family bonding during childhood appears to be the most important resilient factor that protects adults against sedative or narcotic usage, mental disorders, suicide attempts, and chronic physical diseases during adulthood. Higher levels of exposure to adverse childhood experiences have a positive association with substances usage, suicide attempts, symptoms of mental disorders and chronic physical diseases in adulthood.

التغيرات الكيما حيوية في مصل الدم لتراكيز الهيبسيدين والانترلوكين - 6 نسبة لحالة الحديد قبل وبعد العلاج الكيميائي عند المرضى البالغين المصابين بسرطان الدم النيقاني الحاد == Biochemical Changes In Hepcidin And IL - 6 Concentrations Relative To Iron Status In Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Before And After Treatment

Author name: هبة عمار محمد
Supervisor name: ختام عبد الوهاب علي | علاء فاضل علوان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هدف الدراسة : لتعيين العلاقة بين هرمون الهبيسيدين (hepcidin) (الهرمون المنظم لتوازن الحديد في الجسم والانترلوكين - 6 ( (interlukin - 6و علاقتها ببعض المتغيرات الكيميائية الحياتية عند المرضى المصابين بابيضاض الدم النيقاني الحاد ((AML قبل وبعد اكمال الجرعة الك | Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal, malignant disease of hematopoietic tissues characterized by the accumulation of abnormal blast cells, especially in bone marrow, and impaired production of normal blood cells. The statistics show that this disease in men is more prevalent than women and this type of leukemia is increasing with age. Objectives : To assess biochemical changes related to iron status in acute myeloid leukemia pre and post course of chemotherapy and evaluate a relationship between serum hepcidin and IL - 6 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia pre and post chemotherapy and compare their levels to controls and their contribution on the pathogenesis of AML.Patients, Materials and Methods : The present study conducted at the National Center of Hematology and Baghdad Teaching Hospital in the Medical City from February 2014 to June 2014.The study included Fifty - eight (58) patients (30 male and 28 female) diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia the age of patients range (15 - 65 years). Forty three (43)patients continued the study (24 male and 19 female) divided into two groups : Group (1) Patients with AML before starting chemotherapy. Group (2) the patients after 4 weeks of chemotherapy. Patient's treatment was done according to international protocol used in acute myeloid leukemia and called (3+7) where Doxorubicin was given from the first day to third day and Cyatrabine (Ara - C) was given from the first day to seventh day.Evaluationwas done on day (28) from starting chemotherapy to assess response of patients through bone marrow aspiration.All patients were subjected to complete history and physical examination. Diagnosis of AML patients was established by complete blood count and blood film, bone morrow aspiration and biopsy, hepcidin, interlukine - 6, C - reactive protein, ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity, alkaline phosphstase, direct bilirubin were done for all patients.Forty - three (43) healthy subjects (24 male and 19 female) were enrolled in the study mainly from medical staff and their families. They were age and sex matched to patients group and considered as controls as ( Group 3).Results : • Serum hipcidin levels were significantly higher in(AML)patients (Group 2) compared to newly diagnosed(Group 1) and to healthy subjects ( P<0.0001).• Serum (IL - 6) levels were higher but not significant in(Group 1) compared to (Group 2) and significantly with healthy controls(P<0.214 and P<0.0001 respectively).• A significant increase in mean of serum ferritin levels were observed in (Group 2) compared to newly diagnosed patients (Group 1)(P<0.002) and the levels were significantly higher in newly diagnosed group compared to healthy controls (P<0.015).• Patients with (AML) during remission show significant decrease in levels of iron compared to newly diagnosed group(P<0.0001),while levels in healthy controls was higher values than both (Group 2) and (Group 1) (P<0.0001).• Total iron binding capacity (TIBC ) levels showed a significant decrease in (Group 2) after treatment compared to (Group 1) before treatment(P<0.0001) but the levels were significantly higher in healthy controls compared to (Group 1) and (Group 2) (P<0.0001).• Mean serum ALP levels showed highly increase in (Group 2) patients when compared to patients before treatment (Group 1)( P<0.0001), but the difference is not significantly higher between the newly diagnosis and controls (P<0.687).• A significant increase in mean serum direct bilirubin levels were observed in (Group 2) patients when compared to (Group 1) and healthy controls(P<0.0001).• Regarded to CRP levels in AML patients before and after treatment, the CRP levels increased in AML patients after treatment than newly diagnosed AML patients.Conclusions : Hepcidin and Interlukin - 6 may be used asprognostic for acute myeloid leukemia and also can play an important role in pathogenesis of AML.
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