البحث — المستودع الرقمي العراقي

المستخلص: تعتبر الخلايا الشمسية تكنولوجيا واعدة وقابلة للتجديد حيث ازداد الطلب عليها نتيجة لزيادة الاهتمام بالطاقة الكهروضوئية. ان التحسين المستمر لكفاءة الخلايا الشمسية بايجاد التقنيات والمفاهيم الجديدة يجب ان يمتد على نحو متزايد باعتبارها واحدة من اهم مصادر الط | The demand for solar cells has been growing rapidly with an increasing social interest in photovoltaic energy. The improvement of energy conversion efficiency of solar cells is performed by developing the technology and concepts that have been increasingly extended as one of the key components in our future global energy supplement. But, the main problem of photovoltaic modules are their rather high production and energy cost. Three generations of solar cell technologies have been established in the previous century.Nanostructured silicon substrates based on p - type crystalline Silicon (c - Si) have been prepared in this work. Electrochemical Etching (ECE) of the Silicon (Si) wafers in Hydrofluoric (HF) acid was employed to synthesize porous layers consisting of silicon nanostructures. The process was carried out at different etching time and different current densities which are considered as effective parameters in ECE process. It is found that a homogeneous porous layer could be obtained with porosity value of (87%) when the current density is (60 mA/ cm2) and the etching time of (10 min). Among the Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) materials available, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) films show promising electrical and optical properties in combination with low cost alternatives. It can function as Anti - Reflecting Coating (ARC), window material, transparent electrode and active layer in heterojunction solar cells. n - type ZnO thin films are grown on p - type nanostructured silicon substrates by using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique with Q - switching Nd : YAG laser beam Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) [?=(532 nm), number of pulses (140) pulses, and laser energy (820 mJ)], vacuum of (10 - 3 Torr), ambient oxygen pressure of (10 - 1 Torr), and substrate temperature of (400 °C). The morphological, optical, chemical and structural properties were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Ultraviolet - Visible (UV - VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X?Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively.Surface morphology and optical properties results show densely packed highly crystalline growth of ZnO thin film on nanostructured silicon substrate grown at optimum condition with an average grain size around (88.57 nm). The average roughness, root mean square, and ten - point height estimated from AFM quantitative analysis, are found to be (3.02 nm), (3.62 nm), and (8.76nm) respectively. The thickness is calculated and found to be (100 nm). The film shows high transparency (above 80%) and the estimated Energy - gap (Eg) is found to be about (3.4 eV). This is important for its applications as transparent conductive films and solar cell windows. The chemical and structural properties results characterize ZnO at (420 cm - 1) and (766 cm - 1) absorption bands respectively and the thin film is polycrystalline with hexagonal Wurtzite structure.

تصميم وتنفيذ ذراع الي موجه عن طريق اشارة تخطيط العضلات باستخدام المتحكم الدقيق == Design And Implementation of A Robot Arm Driven By EMG Signal Based On Microcontroller Unit

اسم المؤلف: انس عبد الحميد كاظم

اسم المشرف: خالدة شعبان رجب

الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الالكترونيك

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة التكنولوجية - قسم الهندسة الكهربائية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تعتبر اشارة (EMG) هي الاشارة المكتشفة على سطح الجلد فوق العضلة والمتولدة من مصدر المجال الكهريائي عند التقلص العضلي. الاشارة العضلية بصورة رئيسية في مجالين : تشخيص الخلل العضلي واشارة تحكم لسياقة ذراع الي، يستخدم الذراع الالي المساق بواسطة الاشارة العضلي | Electromyogram (EMG) is a signal detected on the skin above a muscle and generated by sources of electric field within the muscle during contraction. EMG signal is used mainly in two fields; Muscle disorder diagnostic and control signal for driving robotic arm. The robot arm driven by EMG is used as a remote control in hazard places or as prosthesis part for limbs of disabled. The first part presents placing array of EMG electrode on two muscles and measure the EMG signal, design acquisition circuit to optimize the EMG signal for two muscles; hardware circuit that designed will eliminate the noise resulting from cable, electrodes, 50Hz and aliasing. In order to monitor and record EMG signal, Data Acquisition System (DAQ) is designed for this purpose using Arduino platform, which gives the ability to deal with signal. The real time signal was taken from three persons with different weights and ages. The second part includes a proposed design of digital filter with windowing and applying to real time signal to compare the results for many times of orders and types of windowing in order to meet the best criteria. The FIR filter with 8th order will be chosen as digital filter with Hann windowing that is apply to eliminate the EMG noise that is caused from many sources and results optimum EMG signal that is used to control robot arm, implementing digital filter characteristic into dsPIC30F4013 which it signal processing microcontroller and using the filtered signal to control the robot arm by interfacing with DC driver to drive robotic arm with two degrees of freedom (2 - DOF). Also, this part includes the technique which simulates the results using MATLAB 2011a to control the movements of the robotic arm. Micro C for dsPIC© is used to write C code for FIR digital filter and loops with control algorithm to enable the controlling robot arm.

تصميم مضخمات قدرة راديوية التردد بتقنية CMOS مع محولات جامعة للقدرة == Design of RF Power Amplifiers With Power Combining Transformers

اسم المؤلف: سهاد حسين جاسم

اسم المشرف: احمد سعدون عز الدين

الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الالكترونيك

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة التكنولوجية - قسم الهندسة الكهربائية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: باستخدام تقنية CMOS، تواجه تكامل مضخمات القدرة العديد من التحديات بمستوى الواط والمستخدمة لتطبيقات الاتصالات اللاسلكية. وللتغلب على هذه المحددات، يمكن استخدام عدد من الوسائل واطئة الفولتية ودمجها بكفاءة باستخدام المحولات على الرقاقة لزيادة قدرة الخرج النا | In CMOS technology, many challenges face the integrated watt level power amplifiers (PAs) used in wireless applications. Consequently, to overcome these limits, several low voltage devices should be combined efficiently with on - chip transformers in order to increase the resulting output power. In this work, two high - performance Radio - Frequency (RF) power amplifiers for watt level applications are designed and simulated in deep submicron (0.13 µm) CMOS process technology using “Agilent Advanced Design System ADS 2011.10 with “BSIM4” as a simulation module for Metal - Oxide - Semiconductor Field - Effect Transistor (MOSFET) devices. The design includes a comparison for the conventional transformer combining techniques SCT, PCT and the hybrid type PSCT. The amplifiers incorporate a parallel combination of four differential PA cores to generate high output power with good efficiency and linearity. The first part of the work presents a design for a watt - level class - AB power amplifier based on transformer type power combiner PSCT for WLAN applications. The PA delivers an Output Power (Pout) of 30 dBm, Power Gain (Gp) of 30 dB and 40% Power Added Efficiency (PAE) under 2.5 V supply. In the second part of the work, a class - E PA based on transformer type power combiner PSCT is designed. The power amplifier provides an output power of 30 dBm, power gain of 30 dB, and 54% PAE at 2.45 GHz under 1.6 V supply. Finally, in the third part of this work, an on - chip output transformer layout for the proposed power amplifiers is designed and simulated with momentum RF EM simulator of ADS 2011.10 in order to realize a fully integrated power amplifier. The simulated efficiency of the PSCT was 78% with minimum insertion losses (ILmin) 0.87 dB.

تصميم متحكم ذكي لنظام تتبع شمسي بالاعتماد على مصفوفة البوابات الرقمية القابلة للبرمجة == Design of Intelligent Controller For Solar Tracking System Based On FPGA

اسم المؤلف: ياسر محمد عبد

اسم المشرف: حنان عبد الرضا عكار

الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الالكترونيك

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة التكنولوجية - قسم الهندسة الكهربائية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: ان الحاجة لزيادة توليد الطاقة الكهربائية جعل استخدام الخلايا الشمسية تلعب دورا هاما في الحياة اليومية، وعليه من المهم استخدام نظام يسمح بتتبع الخلايا الشمسية لضوء الشمس لزيادة او الحصول على القيمة المثلى للطاقة الكهربائية من الخلايا الشمسية. تم في هذا ا | The need to increase the energy generation makes the use of solar cells plays an important role in the daily life. For this reason, it is important to use solar tracking system to increase or getting almost optimum value from solar cells. In this thesis, solar cells model was implemented using MATLAB to show the characteristics of any solar cell depending on data sheet. Intelligent controllers was designed and used to make solar cells facing the sun all days. The proposed controller was trained by two ways; the first was trained by supervised feed forward neural network and the second by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and then comparing the results obtained. The controller was trained using MATLAB and the converting it to simulink model in order to test it, and converts, it to a Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) language using MATLAB tool box in order to download it on Spartan 3A Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) card. This makes the implementation of the intelligent controller more efficient and easy to use because of its reprogram - ability and the high speed performance. The controller was designed to a fully controlled DC motor driver which is used to rotate two DC motors in X - axis and Y - axis directions respectively.The experimental results show that tracking sun increases the efficiency of the system to produce energy from solar cell about 44.3778 % more energy than the solar cell without tracking system.

نظام كشف وتمييز لوحة الرخصة للسيارات العراقية == License Plate Detection And Recognition System For Iraqi Cars

اسم المؤلف: ثائر عذار هاشم

اسم المشرف: اياد ابراهيم عباس

الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الالكترونيك

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة التكنولوجية - قسم الهندسة الكهربائية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: نظام كشف وتمييز لوحات ارقام السيارات هو تقنية في معالجة الصور يستخدم للتعرف على السيارات من خلال لوحات الارقم الخاصة بها, او بكلمات اخرى هي تقنية تستخدم لتحويل نص صورة لوحة ارقام السيارات الرقمية الى ملف نص ممكن ان يحرر ويستخدم في اي برنامج او تطبيق اخر | Automatic License Plate Detection and Recognition (ALPDR) system is an image processing technology used to identify vehicles by their license plates, or in other words, is a technology used to convert the text on digital images of vehicle license plates to a text file that can be edited and used as such by any other program or application that needs it.License Plate Detection and Recognition system for Iraqi cars have a wide range of applications; it is used to extract plate number to create automated solutions for various problems. Among these applications : parking, border crossing, traffic control, access control and stolen cars tracking.This system consists of two main parts : the first is a practical implementation of how to take a picture automatically for cars passes, this was done by two sensors type (GP2Y0A21YK0F sensor) connected with each other and interfaced with a camera (A4tech USB camera), this camera is interfaced using Matlab with the PC. The camera is attached using USB port. The second part is image processing, this part includes four basic stages : The first stage is image preprocessing which involves image normalization and RGB to gray image conversion. Second stage is detection of a possible license plate using edge detection technique and extracts these LP using region growing technique, detection rates reach to 95%. Third stage is alphanumeric character segmentation to isolate each character, numbers and words of the license plate using Otsu's and Hough transforms technique for subsequent recognition. The last stage reads the alphanumeric character and words by correlation template matching, which is a simple, fast and given a recognition rate reach to 98.245%.

تصميم وتصنيع والتحقق من الخلية الشمسية ذات الصبغة الحساسة للضوء == Design, Fabrication And Verification of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell DSSC

اسم المؤلف: صابرين سمير حسان

اسم المشرف: ثائرة زكريا الطيار

الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الالكترونيك

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة التكنولوجية - قسم الهندسة الكهربائية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Solar cells are considered a promising technology and renewable, in view of increasing in the electro - optical energy. The continual enhancement in solar cell efficiency by searching for new concepts and techniques, which should grow since it is considered as one of the important sources of energy of the future.This work introduces a type of solar cells that employs photosensitive organic dye. These cells use thin membrane of Titanium dioxide material as nanoparticles covered by an organic dye, which absorbs solar energy (like the chlorophyll in green leaves) to be converted into electrons that are injected into the Titanium dioxide layer, which serves as electron collector. In addition, it has an electrolyte solution to compensate for the electrons lost by the organic dye molecules.The cell's positive terminal was prepared from the deposition of a thin membrane of Titanium dioxide, of 22 micrometer thickness on a conductive glass electrode , followed by heat treatment at 450? for 30 minutes. Three organic dyes were used, two of (Cherry juice mixed with Hibiscus and the Berries juice) which were natural dyes, and the other synthetic, the "Eosin" as an industrial dye. Small quantities of Iodine and Potassium Iodide were dissolved in Ethyl Alcohol of 99.9% concentration in order to prepare the electrolyte solution. As to the negative terminal, it was prepared from the deposition of a graphite layer, used in pencils, onto a conducting glass electrode. The final stage involved the assembly of the different prepared cell components and tested.The equipment used in this work included spectrum analyzer for provision of absorption spectra for the three dyes.The cells have been tested by exposure to light of 100W/cm2 to obtain I - V characteristic curve and the greatest current is obtained with the Cherries and Hibiscus cell was 6.205 mA/cm2 and the maximum voltage 0.569 V. As to the Berries dye cell, the maximum current is found 4.35 mA / cm2 and its maximum voltage 0.607 V. The maximum current and voltage for the Eosin dye cell are found to be 1.32 mA/ cm2 and 0.651V.The conversion efficiency for the Cherry and Hibiscus dye cell is found to be 1.9%, the Berries dye cell 1.5% and for the Eosin dye 0.5%.

تمييز قزحية العين باستخدام التحويل الموجي والشبكات الاصطناعية

اسم المؤلف: احمد عز الدين عبد الله

اسم المشرف: هديل نصرت عبد الله

الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الالكترونيك

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة التكنولوجية - قسم الهندسة الكهربائية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: التعرف على قزحية العين هي تقنية القياس الحيوي التي تتناول تحديد الهوية على اساس قزحية الانسان. يعتبر تميز القزحية من انواع التكنولوجيا الحيوية الاكثر دقة المتاحة اليوم بالمقارنة مع انواع كثيرة من التقنيات البيومترية المستخدمة مثل : مسح بصمات الاصابع، التعر | Iris Recognition is a Biometric Technology which deals with identification based on the human iris. It is considered to be the most accurate biometric technology available today compared with many kinds of biometric technologies used, like Fingerprint scanning, Face recognition, Voice recognition and Hand geometry scanning because it has some advantages, such as uniqueness, stability and high recognition rate etc., makes iris recognition so accurate.In this proposed system, two database systems are used. The first is CASIA database system (version 1.0)(Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation). And, the second is Real database system by using real persons (each with many images) for recognition through camera Mobile Type of Galaxy Note3. An approach to get more accuracy of the offline iris recognition is composed of many steps : capturing the iris image, determining the location of the iris boundaries, normalization, preprocessed using median filter to remove noise, using wavelet transform for two types of filter, Haar and Daubechies, in order to extract the features and finally using the matching by artificial feed forward neural network with back propagation algorithm (FFBNN) for training and testing iris image.In CASIA system, the iris recognition rate for Haar filter was 84.2% and for Daubechies filter was 92.8%, while in the real system, iris recognition rate for Haar filter was 90% and for Daubechies filter was 98.7%. This means the Daubechies filter is the best in execution time and mean square error from the Haar filter. Finally, efficiency of this system is logical, because the performance measurement of False Acceptance Rates was reasonable. The results and the experiments were implemented by P4 computer and the software package MATLAB (R2011a).