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التحري عن فيروس التهاب الكبد نمط B باستخدام تقنيات ELISA وReal Time PCR في دم ولعاب المرضى في محافظة الانبار == Detection of Hepatitis B Virus By Using Elisa And Real Time PCR Techniques In Patients' Blood And Saliva In Al - Anbar Governorate

Author name: ثائر عبد الله حسن الدليمي
Supervisor name: امين سليمان بدوي الجنابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات قسم علوم الحياة في كلية التربية وفي مختبرات مستشفى الرمادي التعليمي العام ومستشفى الرمادي للنسائية والاطفال ومختبرات النظائر المشعة في بغداد للفترة من 1/11/2011 ولغاية 1/5/2012 والتي تضمنت التحري عن فيروس التهاب الكبد نمط B في | The present study has been carried out at the laboratories of the department of biology at the college of Education and the laboratories of the public - teaching Al - Ramadi hospital and Al - Ramadi hospital for women and children and laboratories of Al - Nathaer Al - Mushe'ah in Baghdad for the period from 1/11/2011 to 1/5/2012. The study consisted of the investigation about Hepatitis B virus in the saliva as compared with serum by using the ELISA and Real Time PCR techniques as well as the detection about antigens and antibody to this virus in serum. It also seeks about the liver functions enzymes and evaluating the extent of its importance for diagnosing liver disease resulted that virus. However, the obtained results showed that HBsAg antigen was found in 99.4% and (1.101± 0.335) mean ±SD in serum as compared with 48.6% in saliva with a (0.330±0.278) mean ±SD, that gave a noticeable increase when comparing it with the control group which was (0.0039± 0.0024) and (0.0017±0.0014 ) for serum and saliva respectively. The value of T test for serum and control group was (16.25) , while the value of T test for saliva and control group was (4.18). The proportion of correlation between saliva and serum in ELISA test was equal to (0.361) with high significance of test while the value of T test for them was (28.902) with high significance of test. The results have also stated that the age groups involved in the experiment contributed as being high proportion of infection in the serum, but in the saliva, these proportions were different and it has been found that the high proportion of infection was 53.3% in the group (10 - 20) yrs., While the lowest proportion was 38.4% in the (31 - 40) yrs. Moreover, it has been concluded that the number of males exceeded the number of females, but the number of females was the most infected with HBsAg in the experiment group. However, the total number of males was 91, It was found that 90 males have positive test to the HBsAg in serum with a proportion equals 98.9% whiles 42 males have a positive test to the HBsAg in saliva with a proportion equals 46.1%. on contrary, the number of female was 84 female and all of them had a positive test to the HBsAg in serum with a proportion 100% and 43 females have a positive test to the HBsAg in the saliva with 51.1 % as compared with control group which included 15 males and 10 female. All of them were negative to the HBsAg test in serum and saliva... The levels of HBV DNA were determined in the samples of positive saliva to ELISA test by using Real Time PCR. 95% from tested serum samples were positive to the viral load While in saliva 50% from the samples was HBV DNA positive. The results also showed that soluble antigen HBeAg has been detected in 24 patients with 13.7% from a total 175 patient as compared with the control group that showed a negative result to this antigen. As for the antibodies, it has been found that anti - HBc IgM was found in only 5 patients with 2.5% while anti - HBc IgG was found in 170 patients with 97.2% from the total number of patients. The control group revealed negative result for these two antibodies. The anti - HBeAg was in 150 patients with 85.7% from the total number of patients. There were no positive patients to this antibody in control group. The anti - HBs wasn’t found in any patient but it was found in the half of control group. This emphasizes to immunize against HBV in those members. The results also exposed that there was a noticeable increase in liver enzymes that it was found that ALT the elevated levels of were found in 76% of patients. As compared with the control group which has normal values 100%. As for AST enzyme was elevated in 60.6%, As compared with the control group which was normal 100%.It has been observed that ALP enzyme was elevated with a 38.4% in the experiment patients as compared with the control group which was normal 100%. Finally, the total values of TSB was elevated in 35.5%, As compared with control group which was normal 100% with (0.52±0.19). Nevertheless, it has been noticed that it cannot be judged about the person's blood on the basis that it is healthy in case of absence of surface antigen unless it is certain that his/her blood is free from HBV DNA by using the technique of Real Time PCR - since many patients who heal from past infection or their infection in a time of passive and amounts of HBV DNA can't be diagnosed by using the ELISA technique

عزل وتشخيص البكتريا العنقودية السالبة لانزيم الخثرة من حالات مرضية مختلفة ودراسة مقاومتها للمضادات الحيوية == Isolation And Identification of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci From Different Clinical Cases And Study of Their Antibiotic Resistance

Author name: مجاهد خلف علي احمد الجميلي
Supervisor name: عباس علي هادي الدجيلي | وعد محمود رؤوف
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت 265 عينة من مستشفى تكريت التعليمي العام وشملت هذه العينات عينات سريرية لمرضى راقدين في المستشفى ومرضى مراجعين لها. اخذت العينات من المرضى المشتبه باصابتهم بخمج السبيل البولي وخمج الجروح والحروق وخمج الاذن الوسطى ولكلا الجنسين وباعمار مختلفة. انجزت هذ | A number of 265 samples had been collected from Tikrit Teaching Hospital (T.T.H.).These samples were taken from inpatients and outpatients suspected to have Urinary Tract Infection, Wound & Burn Infections and Mid - Ear infection for males and females in varied ages. The practical part had been fulfilled during the period from the beginning of December 2006 till the beginning of March 2007.Isolates diagnosed were identified depending on morphological and cultural characteristics. The results revealed 60 Staphylococci isolates, which shows 27 isolates (45%) were S. epidermidis, 13 isolates (21.66%) S. saprophyticus, 10 isolates (16.67%) S. xylosus, 3 isolates (5%) S. lentus, two isolates (3.33%) S. heamolyticus, and one isolate (1.67%) for each of S. simulans and S. hominis Ten (34.48%) of patients are located in the age group (15 - 30) years. while concerning the classification according to sex, females were (65.5%). Otitis media and Wounds and Burns infections, their ratio was high (61.1%, 53.8%) consequently both in males in comparison with females. Concerning the relationship between the infection and the residence and the level of education, the results revealed that isolation of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were high in rural areas and in uneducated persons regarding the various infections than those live in urbans and educated ones. A of main tests were carried out in order to achieve the purpose of this study according to the planned goals, some of which are the virulence factors of Coagulase negative Staphylococci. These include DNase, Urease, Lipase, Lecithinase, and Alkaline phosphatase.The results revealed the ability of 67.5% of isolates to produce Alkaline phosphatase, and 46.6% of isolates to produce Urease, also 27.5% of isolates were able to produce Lecithinase , and the ability of 19.16% to produce Lipase, while 22.5% of isolates were capable of producing DNase. In addition to these tests, the test for producing ? - lactamase was done, 85% of isolates were positive to this test because ? - lactamase is one of the significant enzyme which are produced by bacteria since it improves the resistance of bacteria for antibiotics. Thirteen different antibiotics used for the Antibiotics susceptibility tests which show that most effective antibiotic is Nitrofurantoin (95%), followed by Amikacin (93.3%), Novobiocin(90%), Chloramphenicol(88.3%), Rifampicin (78.5%), Vancomycin (75%), Ciprofloxacin (73.3%), Clindamycin (70%), Gentamicin (58%), Penicillin G (50%), Trimethoprim (50%), Tetracycline (40%) and Cefoxitin (18.3%).