First pages:

التحليل المكاني لكفاءة الخدمات المجتمعية في مدينة العمارة == Spatial Analysis of the Effectiveness of Social Services in Ammara City

Author name: ابراهيم حاجم لازم الحلفي

Supervisor name: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: تعد الخدمات المجتمعية ركيزة اساسية في حياة الشعوب لاسيما في اجزائها الحضرية كونها حاجة رئيسة تدخل في جميع مفاصل الحياة اليومية وهي انعكاس لحالة تطور تلك المدن كما وانها مراة تعكس قدرة البلد في الوصول الى التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية ، لذلك نجد اهتمام واسع من قبل الباحثين الجغرافيين في دراساتهم للمراكزالحضرية لغرض تحديد نوعية الحياة اعتمادا على مدى كفايتها وكفاءتها في المدينة.تناولت الدراسة الحالية واقع حال الخدمات المجتمعية في مدينة العمارة (التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية) وتوزيعها المكاني لعام 2016 مع بيان الواقع الفعلي والتتبع الزمني وفق التغيرات التي طرات عليها من خلال المراحل التاريخية التي مرت بها المدينة وتحديد كفاءتها اعتمادا على عدد من المعايير الاحصائية المحلية المعتمدة من قبلوزارة التخطيط ومعياري المسافة وسهولة الوصول ودرجة رضا السكان عن الخدمات من خلال استمارة الاستبانة الموزعة على جميع احياء المدينة ، فضلا عن ذلك اعتمدت الدراسة على مجموعة من اسس التحليل المكاني ضمن بيئة نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (Arc GIS 10.2 ) لاسيما( الجار الاقرب ، معيار المسافة ، الارتكازية الخدمية والسكانية ) لتحديد درجة تناغم الخدمات من حيث تباعدها او تكتلها ضمن حيز مساحي واحد. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج التاريخي في تتبع المراحل التاريخية لتطور الخدمات المجتمعية في المدينة وكذلك استخدم المنهج الوصفي والكمي والتحليلي لاظهار البيانات وتحليلها. تضمنت الدراسة اربعة فصول، اذ تناول الفصل الاول دراسة التطور التاريخي للخدمات المجتمعية في مدينة العمارة وخصائصها السكانية ، في حين تناول الفصل الثاني دراسة التوزيع المكاني للخدمات المجتمعية ، وجاء الفصل الثالث ليسلط الضوء على تقييم كفاءة الخدمات المجتمعية ، اما الفصل الرابع تضمن تحديد احتياجات المدينة الحالية من الخدمات التعليمية والصحية والترفيهيةوكذلك تقديرالحاجة المستقبلية من تلك الخدمات للاعوام القادمةولغاية عام2030.اهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها الدراسة : 1 - كشفت الدراسة عن وجود قصور وخلل واضحين في التوزيع المكاني للخدمات التعليمية( رياض الاطفال والمدارس بكافة مراحلها الابتدائية والمتوسطة والثانوية) في المدينة وهذا مؤشر واضح على سوء التخطيط المكاني لمؤسسات هذه الخدمة وعدم مراعاة توزيعها بشكل متوازن مع اعداد السكان ومساحة الاحياء السكنية.2 - اظهرت الدراسة ان هناك تباين كبير في التوزيع الكمي للخدمات التي تقدمها المؤسسات الصحية في المدينة ، اذ تميز مستشفى الصدر التعليمي عن بقية المؤسسات في الخدمات المقدمة باتساع تاثيرها الاقليمي الخدمي حيث تقدم خدماتها الى سكان المدينة واقليمها الواسع والاقاليم المحلية ، بينما لا يتجاوز مراكز الرعاية الصحية الاولية في حدود تاثيرها الخدمي الحدود الادارية للمدينة ، اذ تقدم معظم خدماتها لسكان الاحياء التي تخدمها ، اما العيادات الخاصة امتازت بامتداد تاثيرها الى حدود واسعة اذ تمتد نطاق خدماتها الى اقضية ونواحي محافظة ميسان.3 - كشفت الدراسة افتقار مدينة العمارة الى مجموع الخدمات الترفيهية من الحدائق العامة والمتنزهات وبالمستوى الذي جعلها لا تتناسب مع الحاجة الفعلية للسكان ، اذ بلغت حصة الفرد الواحد من الحدائق العامة في المدينة (0,6) م2/ فرد ، في حين حدد المعيار المحلي ضرورة تخصيص (6,5) م2/ فرد ، وهذا يدل على وجود عجزا مساحيا قدرت مساحته(841380) م2. | Social service represent a basic pillar in the lives of people especially in its urban parts for it is a primary need that intervene in all aspects of daily life and it is a reflection of the developmental status of these cities and it is a mirror that reflects the country's ability to achieve social and economic development. For all these reasons, we find a great interest in these services on the part of geographic researchers while studying urban centers to determine the type of life depending on its quantity and quality in the city. The present study has studied the social services (educational, health, entertainment) in Ammara city and their spatial distribution during the year 2016. It has shown the actual reality and chronologically traced the changes during the different historic periods. The study also analyzed the effectiveness of these services depending on some local statistical standards that are adopted by the ministry of planning and the two scales of distance and ease to reach and people's satisfaction of the services. The study depended, also, on some principles of spatial analysis within the environment of geographic information systems (Arc GIS 10.2) especially (the nearest neighbor, standard distance, polarization of services and population) to determine the degree of services harmony in regard to distance or polarization within one space area. The study depended on the historic approach in tracing the historic stages of the development of the social services in the city.The descriptive, analytic, and qualitative approaches to show and analyze the results.The study falls into four chapters. Chapter one studied the historic development of social services in Ammara city. Chapter two dealt with the spatial distribution of the services. Chapter three presented an evaluation of effectiveness of the social services. Chapter four identified the educational, health and entertainment needs of the city and estimated the future need of these services as well for the coming years till 2030. The study reached at the following results : 1. The study discovered that there is an obvious deficiency in the spatial distribution of the educational services (kindergarten, and schools of all study stages; primary, intermediate and preparatory). This is a clear indicator of the deficiency of urban planning of the city. 2. The city showed that there is a great variation in the quantitative distribution of the services that the health institutions offer in the city. Alsadar teaching hospital is the most prominent of all institutions for it provides a wide range service that includes the city and the suburbs that surround it. Whereas local health centers provide service to the administrative borders of the city.3. The study discovered that there is a shortage of parks and public gardens that do not satisfy the actual needs of the people, the individual's share of the public parks in the city is (0.6)m2. The local standard has indicated the necessity of raising the individual's share to (6.5) m2. This indicated the deficiency in the individual's share in about (841380) m2

الامكانات الجغرافية لزراعة الخضروات في محافظة ذي قار == Geographical abilities For the Farming of the Vegetables in Thi - Qar Governorate

Author name: ماجد عبد الله جابر التريجاوي

Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تاثير المناخ على امراض الجهاز التنفسي (حساسية الجهاز التنفسي والربو) في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في المناخ التطبيقي

Author name: ايمان نعيم غضبان محمد

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Natural Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Study of climate in Basrah and its impact on Asthma and other diseases of the respiratory system have revealed the following : - 1. Climate is the most effective factor in the study. Rise of temperature, increase of evaporation and the little humidity content in soil because of the little rainfall make it possible for the wind, particularly north and northwestly wind that is dominant in the area under study, to carry the decomposed particles of soil. This is particularly true in case of the alleviatory plain which constitutes a %50 of the area of the governorate. This area is characterized by being generally plain from the north to the south and that makes it easy for the wind to blow from it. These factors greatly affect the soil in many places in the governorate; especially its western part and the unused lands in the alleviatory plain because of lack of agriculture and of natural plants which protect soil. Because of all these reasons, dust increases in the area under study.2. Areas outside the range of the study have obvious effect on carrying the particles of soil from the surrounding governorates like Thi Qar and Muthana. Thi Qar, in particular, witnesses repeated dust storms. This, in turn, increases the amount of dust in the western part of the area under study. Most of the lands in these governorates are arid and dust coming from them dominates when northwestly wind blows. Dust may come from the deserts in the neighboring countries such as the Arab Peninsula, the great African desert, sham desert and Sinai. Increased iron in the dust of the area under study is brought by the dust storms coming from the neighboring countries to the governorate. These are also other factors that increase asthma and other diseases of sensitivity in the respiratory system.3. Dust increases in summer because of rise of temperature. Variation of temperature during the day leads to prevalence of dust. Also, currents that carry dust are made, more upwards and draw the dust particles from their sources. Therefore, dust prevails in the governorate is the afternoon when temperature is the highest during the day. 4. The water surface (marshes and swamps) in the eastern part of the governorate that occupy big area (3182 Km2) of the land during flood decrease the rate of asthma and other sensitivity diseases of the respiratory system in the towns and municipalities of the governorate such as Qurna and Mediana where these surfaces become places for settling dust and soil down. This is contrary to the case is the western part of the governorate where there are no such water surfaces. But, sometimes, these water surfaces have negative impact on the population in the governorate when temperature rises and humidity increases during summer and the weather becomes very tiring especially when the wind is still. The area under study is affected by the Arabian Gulf when the south easterly wind that is filled with humidity blows during summer. Because of this wind, patients of asthma, in particular, suffer repeated symptoms of the diseases.5. The rate of the diseases under study increases in the governorate in : a. Spring because of the existence of pollen and residue of the insecticide and fertilizers in air. b. Autumn in comparison to summer because of rising in temperature and increase of humidity in the atmosphere. c. Winter because of the low temperature and the high relative humidity.d. The many periods of heat rise in summer.6. Man contributed a lot to the increase of rate of diseases of the respiratory system in the area under study particularly after 1990. The year 1991 witnessed the highest rate of dust storms. Soil was very highly decomposed because of the movements of the explosives that were used, the different soil barriers that were made and man’s wrong practices in agriculture and grazing. Man, also, does not follow the appropriate means to stop sand dunes that reach many forms, factories and roads.7.Means of transportation in most areas of the governorate cause increase of still and moving dust because they are usually not good for movement and transportation. Any movement of these means causes dust. Besides, means of transportation release different dangerous pollutants that negatively affect the respiratory system.8. Petroleum refineries, electricity power stations, flour mills and ice factories are located near the population areas. This means that little care is given to the palming of the governorate. These establishments are also, reasons of such diseases. 9. Basrah, particularly recently, is exposed to dust because of the little green area in and around it. Construction processes reduce such areas that work to refresh and refine air. It is, therefore, very necessary to full the empty spaces with trees, to take care of private and public gardens and to clean roads and allocate specific places for gar bage. Besides, old wet houses in some places in the governorate contribute to increasing the diseases under study.10. Wet salty lands in Basrah governorate are considered as a type of desertification that pollutes air with salt and diminishes many lands that are fit for forming. 11. All the above mentioned reasons raise the number of patients of asthma and other sensitivity diseases of the respiratory system. The total number of such patients was during the time of the study as following : 85320 patients of sensitivity diseases and 119366 patients of asthma

الاستراتيجية الامريكية تجاه العراق على اثر احتلال دولة الكويت 1990 - 2003 : دراسة تاريخية == American Strategy toward Iraq after the occupation of Kuwait State 1990 - 2003 Historical Study

Author name: غسان بنيان جلود الشويلي

Supervisor name: ياسين طه ياسين الهارون

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Iraq's relationship with marked United States since antiquity, but that relationship was ruled by the nature of international relations and global policy environment, and historical evidence pointed toward this relationship, which differed in different historical phases that passed by, through us site United States of America in international balance, Iraq has become a centerpiece of American interest and particularly after the end of World War II, especially after he became one of the most important factors for oil factor in the success of this war, and that Iraq enjoys a strategic location and its resources made it in Us policy priorities in accordance with the adopted strategy planning with multiple policies that has undergone transformation strategy wisdom international and regional situations and the Interior, as the actual intervention process began for the United States to Iraq and who skipped interest .Was the importance of this shift in the regional environment, after the fall of the Shah of Iran strategic ally of the United States in the Middle East, you may select the normal route of us strategic shift toward Iraq since Iran - Iraq war in 1980 - 1988, as The American decision maker, need to go towards a strategy to embrace Iraq, intelligence and logistical support in the course of the war, but that does not mean that the shift was not aimed at distancing strategy was primarily to destroy those strong regional area, and limit the expansion of Capabilities in the Middle East, the fact that both parties had United States animosity and ideological threat to their interests and its allies in the region that they both carry elements of geopolitical and economic and military power .The United States has adopted .And had proved its features and clearly as strategic shifts since the end of the Gulf war as a shift in the nature of dealing with the Iraqi file since 1993 - 2001, the policy of containment through economic and humanitarian dimensions, and carried military and security was intended to make the strategic dimension towards Iraq as Came the decision to stop the war, which set out the nature of the risks that they must stand against it based on the policy of containment, especially weapons of mass destruction, under UN Security Council resolutions, but that policy has failed to achieve the goal and different lobbyists around him success optimal strategy against Iraq was To be going towards a more effective policy that regime change in Iraq declared goal in light of the American strategy in Iraq Liberation Act .I took the success factors in Bush administration Jr in 2001 - 2003 September 11 helped in 2001, which varied around them, and what are the objectives behind them, but it's considered one of the most important factors in the nature of the shift towards Iraq and the ensuing consequences and becoming Opportunity invested by the Bush administration and neocons in the implementation strategy that drew toward Iraq since 1990, and go toward preemptive war, which was considered the decisive factor in achieving goal after failing military strategy of deterrence and containment, by connecting Iraq, global terrorism under the pretext of developing weapons of mass destruction, the US administration took escalating toward rogue States that support terrorism and Iraq was the priority attention being an anchor and a goal can usually process the overall security and military policy integration

اساليب انقاذ اسرى المسلمين من النصارى في الاندلس 92 - 897 ه / 710 - 1491 م == Techniques of Saving Moslem captives in Andalusia (92 - 897 AH / 710 - 1491 AD )

Author name: هدية خشن صوب الله الموسوي

Supervisor name: حسين جبار مجيتل العلياوي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Author name: محمد وادي شناوة الكريطي

Supervisor name: نزار عزيز حبيب الخاقاني

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

محن علماء الكوفة 17 - 334هـ / 638 - 946م == The Dilemmas of Kufa Scientists (17 - 334 A.H/ 638 - 964 A.D.)

Author name: محمد عبود مهدي الشرع

Supervisor name: عادل اسماعيل خليل العبود

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Prais be to God! Blessing and peace be upon the most experienced and patient prophet and upon his family who apprised of the message .Since Kufa became populated in 17 A.H. /638 A.D. , it has taken over an important role in forming the events of the Islamic History. It was founded to be a base for the army and a starting point for the conquests of the Islamic armies heading for the east and the west. It was lodged at by the best companions of the prophet among of whom were three hundred and seventy from those of Al - Ruthwan pledge of Allegiance under the tree and those Badr Battle. Moreover, the Kufa society was the successor of Alheera society which had been known for its civilized, intellectual and political development. Therefor, Kufa became highly developed with the abundance of its scientists (jurists, men of prophetic Tradition and Koran Sciences, Science of Arabic language, and even poets)as compared to the other Islamic countries. Kufa became of great importance especially when Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib (peace and blessing upon him) made it the center of the Islamic Caliphate instead of Medina .Choosing this path, Kufa had to be ready for the beginning of the dilemmas, especially the scientists for their distinguished position and great influence on the society. Those scientists had undergone great sufferings and dilemmas for their attitudes which were not in agreement with the policy of the authority .Studying the scientists dilemmas is considered to be one of the essential and sensitive topics that is required to be highlighted. As Kufa was abounded in scientists who were exposed to dilemmas on part of the authority, the choice of this topic is to know those.scientists and their various kinds of their dilemmas : political,intellectual,military,economic,and,social .However,the effect of those dilemmas was so severe that they had their impact on the society of Kufa .