Author name: امل علي ياسين الحسن

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate several taxonomic aspects which comprised the micro - morphological studies of epidermal layer of leaves, pollen grains, fruits and seeds.In addition to that, the anatomical and molecular studies for 12 species of Euphorbiaceae family which belonged to five genera AndrachneL. , Chrozophora L., Euphorbia L, Mercurialis L. and RicinusL., were performed. One representative species for each genuswas selected; in exception 8 species were chosen for the genus Euphorbia..The current results confirmed that the anatomical characters showed valuable taxonomic traits which can evidently be used to distinguish between species. The most prominent trait was mesophylla tissue in leaves which were observed in three categories;1 - Bifacial leaves : - which found in C.tinctoria, Euphorbia sp ., E. milii, E.annua and R.comminus 2 - Uni - facial (heterogenus) leaves : - this category of the mesophyll was detected in two species only A.telephioides and E.prostrata3 - Uni - facial (homogenus) leaves : - this category were noticed in five species; E.denticulata ,E.helioscopia ,E,macrocarpa , E.microsphaeia and E.peplus The second important comparative anatomical character was the Mid rib, which are in four types with several shapes from which discrimination between the species can be made : - 1. Convex - concave mid rib : - that was showed in E.helioscopia, E.macrocarpa, E.milii and M.annua.2. Convex - convex : - This type was found in three species C.tinctoria , Euphorbia sp.and R. comminus3. Flat - Convex : - This type of mid rib was observed in A.telephioides E.microsphaera, E.peplus and E.prostrata4. Flat - Flat : - This type was observed in only one species E.denticulata In stem, the most prominent parts of taxonomic evidence were pith and vascular bundles.In according to the pith, species can be divided into hollow stem (without pith) and solid stem (containing medulla good configuration). Hollow stem was clear in the stems of A.telephioides , E.microsphaera , E.prostrata and M.annua. While, the solid stem wasseen in the remaining species. Vascular bundles were existed in two types; that's connected vascular bundles that's characterized the hollow stems, and separate vascular bundles. In most of the species with the exception of M. annua, stem with scatteredvascular bundles were in cortex As well as, petiole which have features that a clear taxonomy values .either by outline of petiole or its vascular arc.Micro - morphological studies of epidermal layer of leaves showed very important taxonomical value. This layer of leaves reveals variation in shape of ordinary epidermal cell and nature of anticline cell wall, stomata complexes and Epicuticlular wax crystals.Micro - morphological of pollen was taxonomic evidence as well. It can be considered to divide the species of Euphorbiaceae family into two groups based on the number of germination apertures 1 - Hexocorporate : - this type was confined to C.tinctoria2 - Tricolporate all species studied remainingThe sculpture of pollen wall provided beneficial information invested in the species identification.Both seeds and fruits showed a distinctive role in species identification. Micromorophological study of seeds for species which belong to six genera Andrachne , Chrozophora, Euphorbia, Mercurialis , Phyllanthus and Ricinus were achieved by using Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). The study concentrated on micro - morphological aspect of Caruncle, seed surface ornamentation and the shape of epidermial cell wall. The result revealed that most studied species were with carunclated seeds ,but some specieswere with ecarunclated seeds as in A.telephioides L. ,C. tinctoria( L) Raf , E.prostrata Atin and P. maderaspatensis L Seed surface ornamentation characteristics showed a significant taxonomical value.Furthermore, current result showed that there are a highly variation in shape, size and color of the seeds walls. With respect to the fruits characteristics, which showed variations in number of mercarpi, shape, size, color and surface ornamentation that can be adopted in the separation of the species studied Molecular study provided significant support for phenotypic and anatomical classification and support genetic convergence between the species in Euphorbiacea family. The genus Euphorbia species showed a significant genetically convergence and participated in predecessors monophyletic. However, the genera in Euphorbiacea family under study probably originated and evolved from different ancestors’ polyphyletic.

دراسة تصنيفية وحياتية للديدان الخيطية عائلة Tetrameridae Travassos, 1914 المتطفلة على بعض انواع الطيور في هور السناف محافظة ذي قار == Taxonomic and Biological Studies of Nematodes of the Family Tetrameridae Travassos, 1914 in the Some Birds in Sinaph marsh Thi - Qar province

Author name: نهى جبار عبد الركابي

Supervisor name: باسم ھاشم عبد الله

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: A total of 401 represented by 128 birds of Himantopus himantopus which belong to the family Recurvirostridae , 93 birds of Chettusia leucura which belong to the family charadriidae and 180 birds of Sturnus vulgaris which belong to the family sturnidae at the period from April 2014 to march 2015 in Al - Sanaf marsh , Suq - Al - Shuyukh city southern of the Thi - Qar province,for searching the nematodes which belong to the family Tetrameridae. Four species of nematodes, which belong to the family Tetrameridae, were isolated in the current study. They were T.nouveli, T.dubia, T.spinosa and Microtetrameres inermis. The H. himantopus was infected with the nematode T.nouveli and the prevalence of infection was 25.8% , bird.Furthermore, the Chettusia leucura was infected, the mean intensity was 3.3 worm in each infected birds. The nematode T.dubia was isolated from H. himantopus with the isolated from the Ch. Leucura mean intensity was 1.7.The nematode T.spinosa was isolated from H. himantopus the the mean intensity of infection was 2.3 and it was isolated from the Ch. leucura , the prevalence of infection 4.3% and the mean intensity was 1.8 worm in each infected worm.The record of these three nematode is considering the first record in Iraq.Microtetrameres inermis was isolated from the Sturnus vulgaris, the each infected birds.Himantopus himantopus from April 2014 to March of 2015.This bird was infected with three species from family Tetrameridae, The seasonal variation study of infection prevalence of Tetrameres spp.in, H. himantopus that there was II Summarycomplete seasonal cycle for nematodes T.nouveli, T.dubia , and T.spinosa .The nematode T.nouveli had hightest infection prevalence in summer the decrease in autumn, winter and spring while the infection prevalence of nematode T.dubia was hight in summer and autumn then decrease in winter and spring. The infection prevalence of nematode T.spinosa was generally low with little increase in autumn .The results of the current of the Ch. leucura indicated that this bird was infected with three species which nematodes T.nouveli, T.dubia and T.spinosa and they had seasonal appearance . There was not any significant effect of host sex on prevalence of infection, and it showed decreased in prevalence of infection when the bird's weight was increased.The study of lifecycle of nematodes : T.nouveli ,T.dubia and M. inermis revealed obtainment the larval stages after success the infection experimental of the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria for the first time the three isolated nematodes from family Tetrameridae in this study which it was T.nouveli , T. dubia and M.inermis and was included the lifecycle of the three species . The differences were including the period of time to produce and developing the larval stages in addition to the differences in their shapes, it was revealed that were clear differences in the structure and their shape of the tip the posterior end of the third larval stage. The end of the third larval stage of the nematode T. nouveli had three caudal papilla and the posterior end of nematode T.dubia had five caudal papilla while the end of the third larval stage of M.inermis did not have any caudal papilla , so we can distinguish these nematode larval stage depended on the prevalence this character in their third larval stage.The experimental infection of the Columba livia domestica with nematode M.inermis was successful.While the experimental infection to the Columba livia domestica with nematode T.nouveli ,T.dubia .was failed The experimental infection of the Gallus domestica with nematodes of Tetrameridae T.nouveli, T.dubia and M.inermis was failed too.

دراسة تشخيصية وحياتية لعلقة المياه العذبة Dina punctata Johansson, 1927 (Erpobdellidae : Hirudinea في اهوار السويب من محافظة البصرة جنوب العراق == Identification and Biological study of the Freshwater Leech Dina punctata Johansson, 1927 (Erpobdellidae : Hirudinea) in AL - Swaib Marshes From Basrah province south of Iraq

Author name: ازهر محمد غالي الخزعلي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Invertebrates

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The species Dina punctata is recorded for the first time in Iraq (from Al - Swaib marshes). The identification was conducted morphologicaly and molecularly characteristics. The morphological features summarized as : - - The species D. punctata has vermiform body compressed ventrally, ranging in length from 55 - 60 mm and in diameter from 0.5 - 2 mm. The individuals have a large ability for extening. The pointed anterior end carries small anterior sucker which resembles lips surrounding the mouth opining, while the rounded posterior end carries large rounded posterior sucker. - This species is characterized by heterogeneous features such as the color of the body which changes from blackish gray for Adults to dark brown for Juveniles, as well as the number and arrangement of eyes which is in general four pairs arranged as reverse U shape located on the dorsal anterior edge. The first two pairs of eyes are located on the middle line of the body while the third and the fourth pairs are each located on one side of the body behind the anterior pairs. - The body consists of 34 segments, each of them is divided to five secondary annuli. The fifth annuli of each segment is divided into two subsections, thus the main segment becomes consist of six annuli. - The male and female gonopores are open on the ventral surface of the 12th segment, separated from each other by two annuli, the male gonopore is usually larger and clearer and located forward in the middle of the groove which is separate the annuli b2 and a2 respectively. The female gonopore is smaller and located in the back of the male gonopore in the middle of the groove which is separate the b5 and b6 annuli respectively.Because of the instability in some morphological features, the species D.punctata also identified in the present study according to genetic features.During the genetic study, the region of internal transcription space (ITS2) in DNA was isolated from leech specimens by using special primers for region internal transcription space (ITS2), after isolation, the ITS2 genes are amplified.The results of polymerase chain reaction of DNA were obtained of single bands of 580 base pairs molecular weight for all degrees of hybridization. The sequence of each sample after detecting was entered in the database of National Center Biological Information (NCBI) and the result showed that the sequences of all samples are belonging to the species D. punctata. In the field study, monthly samples of leeches D. punctata was collected from the marshes of Al - Swaib on the eastern side of Shatt Al - Arab river inQurna northern Basrah Province during the period from January 2015 to December 2015. A total of 235 individuals and 623 Cocoon were collected during the study period. The highest number was 58 recorded for individuals during May 2015, while being 335 recorded for cocoons during February 2015. On the other hand there is no occurrence recorded during July - August for individuals, and June - November for cocoons.The study investigates the water temperature, salinity and abundance of individuals and cocoons. The statistical analysis showed negative correlation between temperature and abundance of both individuals and cocoons, while the correlation of salinity was slightly positive with abundance of individuals and cocoons.The study of population sizes structure showed that the size class 40 - 50 mm has the highest frequency during the study period compared with the other size classes. On the other hand, the highest percentage of frequency was 66.7%, which also recorded for the size class 40 - 50 mm.Laboratory experiments showed that the members of a species D.punctata able to tolerate saline concentrations between 2 - 6 psu the survival rate 100%, Also, these worms (D. punctata) feed by different ways, it can be considered Predatory Macrophagous and Scavengers, its food materials consist of invertebrate animals such as Oligochaetes, Lumbriculids, Chironomid larvae; fleshy body of some aquatic snails; and on dead fishes. In the laboratory, the leeches fed well on flesh and livers of chicken, sheeps and caws, The laboratory also studied, Three different types of food effect (chicken liver, zooplankton, and animal feed) on the growth of young leech for a period of six weeks.From the field and laboratory observations, the specie D. punctata reproduces sexually by cross fertilization. The male and female gonopores are easily observed in adults which ranging in length from 45 - 60 mm. as well as the sperm sacs on the mid ventral surface of the body during the reproduction season, which extend in our study during two periods : January - May and December 2015. The sexual reproduction processes were studded in detail and the embryonic development in cocoons was divided into five hypothetical stages according to morphological and anatomical changes and these stages are : - 1 - Depositing Cocoon Stage.2 - Primary Cleavage stage.3 - Development and extension.4 - Differentiation of regions stage.5 - Complement and release stage. The histological structure of the body wall, suckers, reproductive organs and digestive tract of adult leeches were investigated. The body wall consists of thick layers of circular, longitudinal and oblique muscles.The structures of the male reproductive system such as genital atrium, sperm sacs and testis were observed. There are two lateral blood sinuses around the mouth cavity in addition to many nerve cells. The posterior sucker is muscular, and the muscle cells are as a dense net in the peripheral part, while are as a loose cells in the middle what give it a sponge appearance, in addition to primitive glomerular cells, nerve cells and mucus cells

Author name: هدى حسن خربيط الخيون

Supervisor name: اياد حنتوش داود الخفاجي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

دراسة تاثيرالتعرض السابق لمادة الايثيلين وايضه في بعض المعاييرالفسيولوجية : دراسة تاثيرالتعرض السابق لمادة الايثيلين وايضه في بعض المعاييرالفسيولوجية والوراثية عند العاملين في معمل البتروكيمياويات في محافظة البصرة والوراثية عند العاملين في معمل البتروكيمي == The Study of the effects of previous Ethylene Exposure on Some Physiological and Genetic Parameters in Workers of Petrochemical Plant In Basrah province

Author name: هبة ثاقب يسر

Supervisor name: سامي جبر المالكي | فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Life Science

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The current study was conducted to investigate the genetic and physiological effects of some industrial chemicals on workers of the Petrochemicals Industrial Factory, in Basra Province , as it has been collecting 100 blood samples during the month of January and February of 2011 from each of the exposure in (ethylene section) and the control group of (employees of the University of Basra). and then the samples were divided on the basis of each of the years of occupational exposure to more and less than 15 years , age group to the larger and smaller than 50 years, smoking habits.The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the haemoglobin concentration HB, PCV, RDW and MCV in the more than15 years exposure group in comparison with the control group, while, no significance was detected in the RBC, MCH, MCV ,RDW,MCH and MCHC in less than15 years exposure group . Whereas, a significant decrease in the PCV for the same group was observed.White blood cells parameters’ results showed also variations in their values. In general, WBC did not change significantly in both groups of workers, while, the proportion of the lymphocyte and the of monocyte declined significantly in the more than 15 year of occupational exposure group, in contrast, the proportion of granulated cells increased markedly in the same group. The results of group of less than 15 years exposure revealed that the proportion of monocyte dropped significantly. Conversely, there was a significant increase in the proportion of granulated cells while the proportion of the lymphocyte was not significant . Platelets’ number and average of platelets’ volume decreased significantly in both occupational groupsTurning to the biochemical tests, the results showed significant increase in both liver enzymes ALT ,ASTand bili as well as this increase was found in urea, uric acid and glucose values in both occupational exposure groups. Contrariwise, the ALP creatinine and cholesterol did not reveal significant changes in both groups that in comparison with control group. The total protein decreased significantly in the group of more than 15 year of occupational exposure.Testosterone level revealed a significant decline in both occupational groups, while the Follicle stimulating hormone showed a significant increase in the occupational group of less than 15 year and no difference was observed in another occupational group while LH hormone level was not significant.In case of the genetic effects of the ethylene compounds, DNA was extracted for control and occupational groups and amplification was performed for GSTM1, GSTT1 and Albumin by using PCR technique. The results showed that there was no significant effect of both occupational periods on the GSTM1 gene, while GSTT1 gene was significantly in the workers samples in group more than 15 year of exposure, which was 2.43 times more than the group of less than 15 year of exposure.As regards the impact of exposure to ethylene and loss of genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 showed the results of our study, significant increase in the loss of gene GSTM1 amounted to more than five - fold (5.1) among workers exposed compared to a set of control while the proportion of loss of gene GSTT1 by more than three - fold (3. 1) compared to the group control has been a loss ratio of the two genes together more than eight - fold (8.5) for workers exposed group compared to the control.The light smoke did not reveal a significant effect on the null of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes that in comparison with the control group, while the study found a significant effect of smoking on gene GSTM1, causing the null of much more than doubled (2.2) times compared with the control group (non - smokers) and the significant effect of smoking on null GSTT1 gene loss as increased visits by the text (1.5) compared with non - smokers also appeared that excessive smoking has an effect on the GSTT1 gene causing loss by seven - fold (7.08) once compared to non - smokers.The effect of the age group (less and more than 50 years old) of the workers on the null of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 was also examined. GSTM1 gene was null six times in both age groups of workers more than the control samples. While the GSTT1 was null in age group less than 50 years old three times more than the control group. As well as this absence was two times in the age group more than 50 years old in comparison with control group.It could be concluded from the present study that the exposure of workers to ethylene and its metabolic impact and clearly on blood standards as well as caused a high level of enzymes AST, ALT and bilirubin and high blood sugar levels and lower total protein and high level of urea and uric acid level as well as the low level of the hormone testosterone as it turns out that occupational exposure to ethylene and metabolic outcomes and length of exposure and smoking for workers exposed role in influencing the genes of detoxification, causing null in each of the gene GSTT1 and GSTM1.

دراسة مظهرية وجزيئية وبيئية للدور اليرقي بعد المذنبة لمثقوبة العين Diplostomum على ثلاثة انواع من اسماك نهر كرمة علي في محافظة البصرة == Morphological, Molecular and Ecological Studies of the larval stage (metacercaria) of eye trematode Diplostomum on three fish species from Garmat Ali River, Basrah Province

Author name: هاجر رزاق منهل

Supervisor name: عبد الحسين حبش

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Life Science

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages: