Show: 25 50 75 100 Results

Search results: 25 out of 399

تحضير البوليمر الموصل بولي (ارثوا - تولدين) ودراسة الخصائص البصرية والكهربائية له واستخدامه في تصنيع الخلايا الشمسية == PREPARATION OF CONDUCTING POLY (O - TOLUIDINE) AND STUDY OF ITS ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES FOR APPLICATION AS A SOLAR CELLS

Author name: حسين فالح حسين اللعيبي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study include the preparation of poly (O - Toluidine), by the chemical polymerization, then doped with HCl, and P - toluene sulphonic acid.The polymer solution deposited on glass, interdigitated finger electrode, and silicon wafer by the use of spin coating technique, in order to study electrical and optical properties as well as electronic applications in the fabrication of solar cells. The prepared samples were treated thermally before the measurement took place. Addition, a study was made of the effect of dyes on solar cells, (RhB, Flu, CuPc, and PbPc ) deposited on poly(O - Toluidine) and doped by p - toluene sulphonic acid (POT - PTSA). The thickness of the samples is measured by the use of Ellipsometry spectroscopy. The polymer thin films prepared were analysized by the use of (FT - IR) and Raman spectroscopes to determine the functional groups of the chemical bonds. To identify the nature, the structure of the surfaces of the prepared samples and to measured the partial size of the grain Atomic force Microscopy AFM insistent were used. The optical properties of the thin films prepared were studied including recording the absorption spectroscopy for wavelengths of (300 - 900 nm). The absorption coefficient and the forbidden energy gap to transmission directly were measured as well as the refraction index (n), extinction coefficient (k), dielectric constant ε, as well as, the optical constant represented by single oscillator energy (Eo), dispersion energy (Ed), moment of dielectric constant (M - 1, M - 1 3), non linear optical susceptibility (χ3) were determined.The electric conductivity was studied and it was found that the thin films correlate with the ohmic behaviour at the measured volts range (1 - 100V) for the polymers (POT, POT - HCl, POT - PTSA, and POMA). The effect of the temperature on the electric properties of these thin films is also studied. The study shows that the electric conductivity increases with the increase of temperature, where all the samples were found to show a negative thermal coefficient of resistance which is a characteristics of semi - conductive material.The effect of doping with HCl and p - toluene solphonic acid on electric conductivity was studied and found to increase to (2.46x10 - 5 S.cm - 1) while the conductivity of the polymer doping with HCl increases to (7.59x10 - 6 S.cm - 1) compared to the pure polymer (1.49x10 - 7 S.cm - 1). This study shows that the activation energy in the pure polymer is (0.313eV) and decreases when the polymer was doped with PTSA, HCl to (0.211 eV) and (0.235 eV) respectively.For the electronic application of prepared polymers (POT, POT - HCl, POT - PTSA, and POMA) a solar cells were constricted by using n - type silicon wafers and different electrode from gold and aluminium. The optical properties of the solar cell under the effect of the light equivalent to that of the sun and which falls vertically on the sample were studied ; it is practically found that, the highest efficiency obtained is (2.55 %) for the polymer (POTPTSA). The effect of thickness on the solar cell efficiency is also studied where it is found that the highest efficiency is about (2.55%) at thickness (35 nm). The electric properties of the solar cell were studied at different intensity (10,25, 50, 100) mW/cm2 and the efficiency reaches its maximum (4.88) when the intensity of the incident light is equal to 10 mW/cm2. It is observed practically that the efficiency of all cells decreases when dyes are added to the polymer (POT - PTSA). The exposure of the solar cell of the polymer (POTPTSA) to normal weather conditions was tudied for more than two monthswhere it is observed that the cell efficiency falls from 2.55 to 1.18 after two weeks of exposure. Then it reached constant value of 0.88 for two months of time exposure

التقنين الاشعاعي البيئي للمياه الجوفية في غرب محافظة البصرة باستخدام تقنية التالق الحراري == Environmental Radiation Dosimetry of Groundwater in West of Basra Governorate using Thermoluminescence Technique

Author name: سيف قاسم هلال
Supervisor name: رياض جاسب ابو الهيل
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study includes calculation the dose rate of emitted gamma - rays from groundwater taken from different locations in the Basra govemorate by use of thermoluminescence technique . it emphasis on the the characteristics of TL - reader ,TL - dosimeter (calcium fluoride) to know the suitability of these systems for environmental monitoring. It is found that the zero dose reading for calcium fluoride is 0.18 m rad .It is also found that most dosimeters of the same materials have nearly equal sensitivities and that all thebatches have high uniformity which makes them capable for environmental use. Experimental observations have indicated that there is linear relation between response and dose for the material which qualifies it for measuring doses within the low dose range. The variations in the response of the TL - reader using internal light source have also been investigated ,it is found that TL - reader has high stability .The fading in a environmental field for calcium fluoride is 7% in one month.Making sure that these systems are suitable for environmental monitoring programing ,calcium fluoride has been used for measuring gamma - rays emitting from natural background radiation ,it is foundthat the natural dose rate of gamma - rays emitted from the locations : Albrjisiya, khor aizubair, Safwan, Jabal Sanam, Um Qasr, Um Eanij and Al - lahees are (5.80,6.41, 5.32, 5.25,5.26,4.60 and 4.86) μrad/h receptivity . Thus, the dose rate of radiation emitted From ground water of province of Basra is 5.35 μ rad/h . the results proved that the inhabited area ling within the environmental monitoring satiations are the area in which the radiation is natural and that the rate that the human being exposed equal 11.5μrad/h which considered naturalexposure limit.

تحضير وتشخيص بعض البلورات السائلة وخلائطها الثنائية البلورية السائلة ودراسة بعض خواصها الفيزيائية == Preparation & Characterization of some liquid crystals and Binary liquid crystalline mixtures and study some of their physical properties

Author name: زينب نديم مطشر
Supervisor name: اياد جاسم الحجاج
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: study included as a first step the preparation of compound 4 - heptyloxy benzaldehyde and derivatives by linking alkoxy series with the aldehyde, and in the second step was to prepare Schiff base compounds through interaction of equal moles of the compound 4 - heptyloxy benzaldehyde with some primary amines with different polar groups, and in the third stage was to prepare mixtures from the Schiff base compounds resulting from the second step,and we obtained five liquid crystalline mixtures at low temperatures and some of them close to room temperature, and then the chemical structures was chacterized and the absorption bands for functional groups was given by FTIR spectroscopy scan . A microscope with polarized light (POM) and a differential scaning calorimeter (DSC) was also used to study the liquid crystalline phases for individual compounds, as well as binary liquid crystalline mixtures and then a discussion of changes taking place at phase transition temperatures for individual liquid crystalline compounds as well as their binary mixtures , as characterized by these mixtures it owns a wide range of temperatures and some are close to room temperature ranging between (22.1 - 53.1 ℃). we has been studying some of the physical properties of these mixtures and compare them with the pure liquid crystals to see what has been achieved to improve these properties by studying the electrical properties (conductivity and dielectric ), as well as the activation energy , we has also been studying the photoelectric effect and determine the threshold voltage in the cases of parallel and vertical alignments , and the study shown a variation in the dielectric behaviour of binary liquid crystalline mixtures of remarkable increase compared to individual liquid crystalline compounds either the positive or negative dielectricanisotropy , ranging from ( - 1.320 - 2.234), while the variation in the electrical conductivity of binary mixtures of liquid crystal range (0.138 - 0.351 (ohm.m) - 1, and finally studied photoelectric effects for individual liquid crystalline compounds, as well as binary liquid crystal mixtures show that liquid crystalline mixtures have seen a clear decline in the threshold voltages (1.3 - 3.9Volt

دراسة نظرية لانتشار نبضة كاوسية في الياف البلورة الفوتونية والعوامل المؤثرة فيها == Theoretical Study of the Propagation Gaussain Pulse in Photonic Crystal Fibers and the Parameters Influencing it

Author name: دعاء حسين هاشم
Supervisor name: حسن عبد الله سلطان
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In this thesis the propagation of short Gaussian pulse in Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) are studied, the effect of the fiber parameters on the pulse like the absorption, dispersion and nonlinearity studied also.Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NLSE) was solved numerically using the spectral or Split - Step Fourier Method (SSFM) to determine the pulse spatio - temporal evolution.The study includes the effect of the photonic crystal arrangement especially the holes number, hole - hole spacing and holes dimeter on the effective refractive index and the dispersion of the photonic crystal fiber.The Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NLSE) was solved using the Finite differences in the frequency domain (FDFD) method.The two zeros dispersion were studied to calculate the zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) by applying the international golden ratio (1.16180339887) for the ratio of the hole - hole spacing to the holes dimeters.The study shows that the pulse propagation depends strongly on the absorption, dispersion and nonlinearity of the PCF, and the pulse wavelength must be near the ZDW to ensure the propagation with little loses.The dependence of the nonlinear refractive index, the dispersion and the ZDW of the PCF were proved.The study shows that the golden ratio can be used to have two ZDWs, and a new ratio of hole - hole spacing to the hole dimeter equal to 2 can be used to achieve two ZDWs.

دراسة تاثير جهود المصيدة على سلوك الدالة الموجية في تكثيف بوز اينشتاين == Study influence of the trapping potentials on the behavior of the wave function in Bose - Einstein condensation

Author name: وليد حميد عبد المالكي
Supervisor name: خالد محمد جياد الموسوي | خالد محمد جياد الموسوي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This dissertation have been studied and analyzed the wave function behavior under trapping potentials that are usually used in experiments which led to formed Bose - Einstein condensation in ultra cold gases. The wave function behavior is dealt with under the effect of three types of potentials : the Harmonic oscillator, the double well, and the Optical Lattice. These are used individually, overlapped together, and when two different kinds are shed on each other in an orthogonal form. Besides, factors and variables that have major or minor roles in potentials the distribution that determine the wave function behavior is discuss in this dissertation.And study parameter ???????? range of effect on the nature of the Harmonic oscillator trapping potential and the Wave Function distribution, this factor effect is studied under the effect of the Harmonic oscillator Trap. As well as, studying this parameter effect on the Wave function behavior under the effect of other three types of potential traps used in Bose - Einstein condensation which are : the Optical Lattice potential overlapped with the Harmonic oscillator potential, the Optical lattice potential orthogonally shed on the harmonic oscillator potential. Also, studied the wave function behavior under the effect of the double well potential when the range of distribution centre is ∓0.5 and when the distribution centre increases to ∓2.And also discussed the effect of the nonlinear G on the wave function behavior under the effect of the Harmonic potential in terms of value and distribution. Through studying under the effect of the Harmonic potential, it have noticed that there is a linear relation between the energy and the chemical voltage at the centre of the trap as well asbetween the wave function and Energy. Yet, the linear relation is not exist between Energy and the frequency rate ???????? as well as between the wave function and the chemical potential. While there is a nonlinear relation exist under the effect of the optical lattice potential overlapped with the Harmonic potential at the centre of trap as well as the relation is exist between the wave function and the energy at the centre of the trap. It is noticed that when the optical lattice potential orthogonally shed on the Harmonic potential a linear relation exists between the energy and the chemical potential with anisotropy value and this linear relation becomes more clear at high value of anisotropy while the wave function behavior increases exponentially with anisotropy values. Furthermore, we have studying the effect of Factor ???????? and Factor ???????? on the Wave Function behavior under the harmonic potential trap plus the optical lattice potential .

دراسة تاثير الترابط والقدرة الضائعة في الموجهات المترابطة على كفاءة المجمع - الموزع البصري باستعمال طريقة الفروقات المحددة == Study The Effect of Coupling and Crosstalk in Directional Couplers on The Performance of Multi / Demultiplexers Using Finite Differences Method

Author name: منصور حنظل منصور زغير
Supervisor name: صباح مهدي محمد امين
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Directional couplers can be used to make important planar optical integrated circuits for optical communications, such as Mach - zehnder interferometers and wavelength division multiplexers. Wavelength division multi/demultiplexing of optical signals is an efficient means to increase the information density per fiber.Both the coupled mode theory and the FD numerical method are used in this study to analyze multiwaveguide DCs.In this thesis, we present an analytical expression for crosstalk of MWGDC based on relationship between the normal modes and local modes, where these modes are obtained numerically using FD mothed.Also, the mode field profile and their evolution along the structure are presented through the analytical expression and calculated numerically using FD method. With the help of this analytical expression, the input power can be controlled to be enter from a chosen hannel. This enable us to calculate the crosstalk that corresponds to a certain input channel.The transmission characteristics of a four channel multiplexer based on three MZI can be described in terms of the propagation matrices. In this study, the coupling coefficient of DC and the phase shift of MZI are treated to be wavelength dependent parameters. Crosstalk introduced by such process are also calculated.The transmission characteristics of three arm MZI as a DWDM is investigated theoretically by deriving the propagation matrix of 3WGDC using coupled mode theory. Thus, two parameters are introduced,  and  , as a designing controlling parameters for DWDM devices. By adjusting these parameters a DW DM devices can be presented.

دراسة نظرية للتركيب الالكتروني الحجمي والسطحي لسبيكة نصف هيوسلر FeCrSe والحد الفاصل (111) FeCrSe/GaP == Theoretical Study of the Bulk and Surface Electronic Structure of the Half Heusler Alloy FeCrSe and the Interface of FeCrSe/GaP(111

Author name: مظاهر حبيب جولان الاسدي
Supervisor name: Mudhahir H. Jolan
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: قدمنا في هذه الدراسة ايضاحات مهمة حول الخواص المغناطيسية والتركيب الالكتروني في سبيكة نصف هيوسلر FeCrSe. وقد بينت النتائج ان FeCrSe هي مادة فيرومغناطيسية نصف معدنية عند ثابت الشبيكة المتوازن هو 5.506Å، وان العزم المغناطيسي الكلي المحسوب هو 2μB يخضع تماما لقواعد سليتر - بولنك. بالاضافة الى ذلك، بحثنا على نطاق واسع الخواص الالكترونية والمغناطيسية والنصف معدنية للسطوح (001) و(111) لسبيكة نصف هيوسلر FeCrSe والحد الفاصل مع القاعدة GaP (111) باستعمال حسابات المبادئ الاولية ضمن نظرية الكثافة الدالية. وتوضح كثافة الحالات الذرية ان الصفة النصف معدنية المثبتة في الحجم FeCrSe تكون محفوظة عند السطح (001) المنتهي بـ CrSe - والسطح (111) المنتهي بـ Se - ، ولكنها فقدت عند السطوح (111) المنتهية بـ Fe - وCr - والسطح (001) المنتهي بـ Fe - . علاوة على ذلك، للحد الفاصل FeCrSe/GaP (111)، تكون الصفة النصف معدنية للحجم محطمة عند الهيئة Se - P بينما يبين الحد الفاصل والحد الثانوي الفاصل Se - Ga تقريبا استقطاب برم 100%. ضمن هذه الدراسة اوضحنا، من حسابات طاقات التلاصق (γ) للحد الفاصل ان الشكل او الهيئة Se - Ga هو اكثر استقرارا من الاخر Se - P. وايضا درسنا العزوم المغناطيسية، فلاحظنزايادة العزوم المغناطيسية المحسوبة لـ Se وGa عند الحد الفاصل Se - Ga (111) وP عند الحد الفاصل Se - P (111) مقابل قيم الحجم المناظرة لها بينما العزم المغناطيسي الذري لذرة Se عند الحد الفاصل Se - P (111) يقل. ونلاحظ ايضا ان العزوم المغناطيسية للحد الفاصل الثانوي لذرة Fe عند كلا السطحين الفاصلين Se - Ga (111) وSe - P (111) تقل مقارنة بقيم الحجم. | In this study, important illustrations about the electronic structures and the magnetic properties of half - Heusler alloy FeCrSe.The results show that FeCrSe is half - metallic ferromagnet at equilibrium lattice constant (5.506 Å). The calculated total magnetic moment of 2.00 μB follows quite well the Slater - Pauling rule . We investigate extensively the electronic, magnetic, and half - metallic properties of the half - Heusler alloy FeCrSe (111) and (001) surfaces and the interface with GaP (111) substrate by using the first - principles calculations within the density functional theory. The atomic density of states demonstrates that the half - metallicity verified in the bulk FeCrSe is maintained at the CrSe - terminated (001) and Se - terminated (111) surfaces, but it is lost at both Cr - and Fe - terminated (111) surfaces and the Fe - terminated (001) surface. Furthermore, for the interface of FeCrSe/GaP (111), the bulk half - metallicity is destroyed at Se - P configuration while Se - Ga interface and subinterface show nearly 100% spin polarization. We explained within this study, the calculated interfacial adhesion energies exhibit that Se - Ga shape is more stable than the Se - P one. We also studied the magnetic moments, The calculated magnetic moments of Se, Ga at the Se - Ga (111) interface and P at the Se - P (111) interface increase with respect to the corresponding bulk values while the atomic magnetic moment of Se atom at the Se - P (111) interface decreases. We also notice that the magnetic moments of subinterface Fe at both Se - Ga and Se - P (111) interfaces decrease compared to the bulk values.

دراسة نظرية لفحص نقل الالكترون خلال نقطتين كميتن مقترنتين == Theoretical Study to Investigate the Electron Transport Through Double Coupled Quantum Dots

Author name: محمد عبد الزهرة نجدي
Supervisor name: هيفاء عبد النبي جاسم
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In this study, a model calculation is introduced for the electron transportthrough a system consists of two quantum dots coupled serially, embeddedbetween two nonmagnetic leads (source and drain), due to the importance ofthis kind of systems in many academic and experimental applications.In our treatment, the time independent Anderson - Newns Hamiltonian modelis considered as a basis to study the system dynamics and then to derive spindependentanalytical formula to calculate the occupation numbers of thequantum dots energy levels, the corresponding quantum dots energy levelsand the molecular virtual energy levels, as a function of bias voltage .These relations are solved self - consistently, which are all employed tocalculate the tunneling current. The differential conductance is calculatednumerically by using finite differences method.And as the efficiency of electron transport through coupled quantum dotsdepends on the system parameters such as the energy levels position of eachquantum dot, the Coulomb repulsion energy on each quantum dot, theeffective exchange energy, the tunneling coupling between the dots and leadsand the coupling energy between the two quantum dots, all these parametersare studied and investigated in details and the role of all these parameters inthe tunneling current and the differential conductance calculations ispresented. also our treatment is applied to two kinds of systems, when thequantum dots are symmetric and when they are asymmetric depending on ourchoice for the over mentioned parameters. Our treatment is utilized to studythe following : 1 - - - Two regimes are studied, the first is the strong coupling regime and thesecond is the weak coupling regime.2 - - - The role of the spin exchange interaction in determining the type ofinteraction (if it is attractive or repulsive) between the quantum dots.3 - - - The role of the spin exchange interaction between the quantum dots indetermining the coulomb blockade in the strong coupling regime.And according to our calculations, we conclude that at the strong couplingand when neglecting the effective exchange interaction, one can determinethe bias voltage values that correspond to the maximum values of thedifferential conductance which is equal to the value of the couplinginteraction between the quantum dots. And the maximum and minimumvalues in the differential conductance curve are changed when the quantumdots energy levels are lying below the energy reference. Also, ourcalculations that concern to the effective exchange interaction make it sure that our results can be utilized to study the electronics that related to the coupled quantum dots. Our calculations that related to the Coulomb blockade make it sure that one can use the quantum dots molecule as an electronic switch. Our calculations that concern to the gate voltage effect investigation in the case of equilibrium can be employed in the detection about the type of coupling with the environmental which effects directly in determining the rates of electron tunneling from the left lead to the active region and then to the right lead.

تحضير ودراسة بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية للمتراكب بولي انلين طين الكاؤولين العراقي == Preparation and study of the Some physical properties of imbricated Polly Aniline - IraqiAlca?lan clay

Author name: عباس عبد سويف البديري
Supervisor name: غفران محمد باقر شبيب
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Polyanilin/Alcaulan Iraqi clay was modify by mecanochemical method with ideal condition and temperature range (0 - 5)0c after distillation Aniline (monomer) well.Several techniques have been used such as FT - IR ,X - ray to determine the crystalline ,scanning electron microscope (SEM) and finally (FAM) in order to study the surface roughness mediated .Many of physical properties such as mechanical properties which represented by hardness curves at different temperature which proved in hardness values range (2 - 7) for Alcaulan clay and (3 - 9.5) for PAni/Alcaulan while the results of tests fracture resistance (according to Brazilian way ) in different temperature was (2.9 - 4.92) for Alcaulan clay and (3.1 - 5.01) for PAni/Alcaulan .Optical properties show the type of electronic transition which found indirect transition and the optical energy gap about 2.15 eV.PAni/Alcaulan films was prepared by adding hydrochloric acid HCL after dissolved it in DMF as well as with addition to sulfuric acid H2SO4.The value of electrical conductivity of PAni - HCL/ Alcaulan are (0.4*10 - 7, 0.6*10 - 7, 0.7*10 - 7, 0.8*10 - 7, 0.9*10 - 7) s/cm. The value of PAni - H2SO4/Alcaulan are (4*10 - 7, 6*10 - 7, 6.5*10 - 7, 7.3*10 - 7, 9.1*10 - 7) s/cm.Also the value of electric conductivity of PAni - HCL/ Alcaulan with Iodine are (2*10 - 7, 6*10 - 7, 8*10 - 7) s/cm , and of PAni - H2SO4/Alcaulan are (19*10 -

الخواص البصرية اللاخطية ومحدد القدرة البصري للصبغات العضوية في المحاليل والاغشية البوليمرية باستخدام تقنية مسح حزمة الليزر على المحور z == Nonlinear Optical Properties and Optical Power Limiting of Organic Dyes in Solutions and Polymer Films Using The Laser Beam Z - Scan Technique

Author name: سيف الدين عبد الكريم قاسم
Supervisor name: عماد الدين حسين علي السعيدي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The research in this thesis is concerned with our extensive study of the spectral properties, the nonlinear optical properties, and the optical power limiting effect, for three organic dyes : Leishman, Giemsa, and Brilliant Cresyl Blue. Three different solvents were used to dissolve each dye : Chloroform, Ethanol, and Dimethyl(formamide) (DMF).We prepared dye solutions at four different concentrations : 0.03 mM, 0.05 mM, 0.07 mM, and 0.09 mM. Dye doped polymer films at concentration 0.09 mM were also prepared by mixing the dye with the polymer poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) which already dissolved in the chloroform and using the casting method to obtain the desired polymer films.The linear absorption spectra of the dye solutions and the dye doped polymer films for different concentrations were analyzed by using the double - beam spectrophotometer in order to find the spectral range for each dye .2Our study was focused mainly on the nonlinear optical properties of the dye solutions and the dye doped polymer films. We employed in this study the laser beam z - scan technique and the solid - state laser (SSL) operating with the continuous wave (CW) at wavelength 532 nm and with variable output power over the range 0 - 100 mW .We have also studied the effect of the laser beam intensity on the nonlinear optical parameters of the dye solutions prepared by dissolving each dye in the Dimethyl(formamide) (DMF) solvent. Two values for the laser beam intensity were used for irradiating the samples (The dye solutions), these are : 1.11 kW / cm2 and 2.22 kW / cm2.Our obtained results from the present study reveal that all solutions of the three dyes and the dye - doped polymer films have a negative value for the nonlinear refractive index (n2 < 0) (occurrence of the self - defocusing effect) and also a negative value for the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β < 0) (saturable absorption).The values of the nonlinear optical parameters for each dye were calculated, these parameters are : The nonlinear refractive index (n2), the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), and the absolute value of the nonlinear optical susceptibility (|χ(3)|). The solvents effect on the values of these optical3parameters was studied, and we find that the solvent plays an important role on the variation of these values.We also studied the optical power limiting for the dye solutions and the polymer films by using the laser beam z - scan technique. Good optical power limiting properties were obtained. The values of the optical power limiting threshold for the dye solutions at different concentrations and also for the dye doped polymer films were determind. We note that the value of the optical power limiting threshold depends on the kind of the used solvent for dissolving the dye. The smallest value for the optical power limiting threshold is 6.7 mW for the Brilliant Cresyl Blue dye doped polymer in chloroform at concentration 0.09 mM, while the smallest value for the power limiting threshold for the Brilliant Cresyl Blue solution in the same solvent at concentration 0.09 mM is 7.8 mW. The value of the power limiting threshold depends the kind of the used dye or the kind of the used solvent in preparing the sample and also on the concentration of the dye.The results that we have obtained from our present study show that the three dyes, Leishman, Giemsa, and Brilliant Cresyl Blue exhibit large nonlinear optical effects, suggesting that they are good promising materials for applications in the nonlinear photonic devices, the optical power limiting, and other optical devices.

تحضير اغشية رقيقة من اوكسيد الخارصين ZnO النقي والمشوب بالالمنيوم باستخدام تقنية المحلول ودراسة خواصها البصرية (Sol - Gel) الغروي وتطبيقها كمتحسس غازي == Preparation of Pure and Doped with Aluminum Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Thin Films by Using (Sol - Gel)Technique and the Study of Optical Properties and Applications as A Gas Sensor

Author name: سعد عبد الله جبر الفاضلي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In this study, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films are prepared by using Sol - Gel technique . The samples are prepared with different thicknesses (58,69,77)nm . Different weight ratio of Aqueous aluminum chloride (AlCl3.6H2O) are added to the Sol - Gel ZnOwith percentage (0.345%, 0.824% , 1.703% and 2.146%). These solutions are deposited by using spin coating on glass substrate .In order to investigate the sensitivity and the response of these samples for the detection about different vapors and gases (ethanol , methanol , acetone and nitrogen ) , pure and (AlCl3.6H2O) doped ZnO films are prepared by using the same technique but by adding Aluminum electrodes on these films with dimensions (2.5x0.5)cm2 .This preparing is followed by thermal treatment for these films by using oven with temperature reaches to 450 oC.The structure properties of these films are studied by using X - ray diffraction (XRD) and the results show that these films are polycrystalline and the calculated lattice constant are close to the standard values . The samples are analyses by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) and the results show that the grain arrangement are regular and these structures are packed and the grain shape is as spherical . But for the AZO films , we notice that the increasing of the doping percentage reduces the gra in size .We also study the optical properties of these films such as Absorption (A) , Transmission (T) , Reflection (R) , Absorption coefficient (α) , extinction coefficient (k) , the energy gap(Eg) , refractive index (n) , with its complex and real dielectric constant( ) , dissipation factor (tanδ) , Optical Dispersion Parameters (Eo , Ed) and optical conductivity ( ) . The effect of the films thickness on the optical properties of the ZnO films for the over mentioned parameters . The results we get are discussed and compared with other studies . This work elucidates and analyzes the studying of the effect of adding (AlCl3 . 6H2O) o Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and the results are with standards agree with the results of many other researchers . The optical constant are tabulated and compared with , the results of other . And in order to determine the electronic transitions type , Absorption coefficient is calculated and it shows that ZnO and AZO films have transition of direct type because the values of α > 104 . The energy gap of the ZnO films with different thickness (58,69 and 77) nm is calculated , since it is found that the increasing of the film thickness gives slight increasing in the energy gap . The experimental results show that the increasing of doping percentagein ZnO film increases the energy gap with very little amount . In the electronic application field , the study also included design and fabrication of gas sensor system from local materials , which contain of chamber that made of plates polymer that contain of base for install the sample , electrodes to link the sample the measurement circuit , glass flask with three holes , heater , N2 gas cylinder , glass tubes , valves and the measurement circuit electric .The study also includes the ability of responding of the films for the thicknesses (58 , 69 and 77 )nm , to these gases , and it is found that the highest response was at vapor ethanol at the thickness 58nm. The effect of chloride Aluminum on the response of these percentage (0.345% , 0.824% , 1.703% , 2.146%) is studied for the mentioned gases , and it is found that the highest response we get is 45% at the concentration 2.146% for methanol gas . The results are tabulated , discussed and compared with precedent studies.

دراسة تراكيز الرادون والثورون والراديوم ومعدلات الانبعاث الكتلي والتبخر السطحي للرادون في البقوليات الجافة والعسل الطبيعي == Study of Radon , Thoron , Radium concentrations ,as well as the mass and surface exhalation rates in dry legumes and natural honey

Author name: سارة عبد اللطيف كديمي
Supervisor name: عيسى جاسم محمد الخليفة
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In this study a sample of 50 different dry legumes and honey used (local and imported), the number of dry legumes samples under study were 21, including 5 samples of local and imported 16 samples collected from the Governorate of Basrah markets - Iraq. 29 samples of honey collected from local markets and apiaries in Iraq. The number of local honey 8 samples while the number of imported honey were 21 sample.Two methods in this research for various measurements and comparison between them. It is a method of (Misdaq and Satif.,1996) and the method of (Azam., 1995). Both methods are considered long - term methods for measuring the concentration of radon and thoron in various materials, Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs), a closed cylinder technique method. Results in the first part of the samples dry legumes have shown that radon concentration ranges between a higher value (698.9Bq / m3) in thesample (Turkish lentil (imported)) and less valuable (69.0Bq / m3) in the samples (Iranian Homs and Chinese beans (imported)),and the concentration of thoron between the highest value (865.0Bq / m3) in the sample (Chinese beans (imported)) and the lowest value (86.45Bq / m3) in the sample (Canadian lentil (imported)), and that the radon concentration rate and thoron for samples local dry legumes (3551.1Bq / m3), (364.1Bq / m3), respectively. For samples imported dry legumes the radon concentration rate and thoron (333.0Bq / m3), (420.8Bq /m3 respectively For the results of the honey samples in the first part has found that the radon concentration between the highest value (826.7Bq / m3) in the samples ( AL - noor Honey (Basra - Seder) (Local)) , (Honey AngizaGerman (imported)) and less value (242.9Bq / m3) in the sample (Honey Mount Haj Omran (Local)), and the concentration of thoron between a higher value ( 538.4Bq / m3) in the sample (Turkish Honey) and the lowest value (115.2Bq / m3) in the sample (Honey Mount Haj Omran (Local)) , and that the concentration of radon and thoron samples of local honey rate (457.5Bq / m3), (297.0Bq / m3), respectively. For samples imported honey, the radon concentration and thoron rate(469.0Bq/m3) , (314.1Bq/m3) , respectively. Results obtained in the second part of the samples dry legumes note that the concentration of radium between the highest value of a (2.4489Bq / Kg) in the sample (Indian Homs (imported)) and less valuable (0.4030Bq / kg) in the sample (Indian Mash (Imported )), and that the concentration of radium samples local dry legumes rate (0.8941 Bq / Kg). For the samples dry legumes imported, the concentration of radium rate (0.9270Bq / Kg), the results obtained in the second part of the samples honey note that the concentration of radium ranges It is among the highest value (1.7270Bq / Kg) in the sample (Honey fall Karbala (Local)) and less valuable (0.2111Bq / Kg) in the sample (Honey Mount Haj Omran (Local)), and that the concentration of radium samples of local honey rate (0.7441 Bq / Kg). For the samples of imported honey, the concentration of radium rate (0.6141Bq / Kg).Results mass emission rates of radon samples dry legumes, ranging from the highest value (0.4442Bq.Kg - 1.d - 1) in the sample (Indian Homs (imported)) and the lowest value (0.0731Bq.Kg - 1.d - 1) in the sample (Indian Mash (imported)) , and the arithmetic average of the mass emission rate of the samples the local dry legumes (0.1540 Bq.Kg - 1.d - 1), and for dry legumes imported (0.1681 Bq.Kg - 1.d - 1), and the results of area emission rates radon samples dry legumes, ranging from the highestvalue (2.0405 Bq.m - 2.d - 1) in the samples (Indian Homs and Turkish lentil (imported)) and the lowest value (0.5681Bq.m - 2.d - 1) in the sample (Indian Mash (Imported)), and the arithmetic average of the rate of the area emission rate of surface samples local dry legumes (1.0865 Bq.m - 2.d - 1), and for samples of imported dry legumes (1.1589 Bq.m - 2.d - 1). Results mass emission rates of radon samples of honey, ranging from the highest value of ( 0.3132 Bq.Kg - 1.d - 1) in the sample (Honey fall Karbala (Local)) and the lowest value (0.0383Bq.Kg - 1.d - 1) in the sample (Honey Mount Haj Omran (Local)), and the arithmetic average of the mass emission rate for samples of local honey (0.1359 Bq.Kg - 1.d - 1), and for samples of imported honey (0.1114 Bq.Kg - 1.d - 1), and the results of area emission rates of radon samples of honey, ranging from the highest value (3.1286 Bq.m - 2.d - 1) in the sample (AL - noor Honey (Basra - Seder) (Local)) and the lowest value (0.6257 Bq.m - 2.d - 1) in the sample (Honey ount Haj Omran (Local)), and the arithmetic average of the rate of area ssion samples of local honey (1.4828 Bq.m - 2.d - 1), and for samples of imported honey (1.1670 Bq.m - 2.d - 1).

تحضير الياف نانوية موصلة من الخلائط البوليمرية PANI : DBSA/PS بطريقة الغزل الكهربائي واستخدامها في تصنيع خلية شمسية عضوية - لاعضوية == Synthesis Semiconductor Nanofiber of Polyblend (PANI : DBSA/PS) By Electrospinning Method and Application in Solar Cell

Author name: دلال نصر منشد
Supervisor name: كريمة مجيد زيدان | علاء شاوي مشعان
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة حركيات ليزر النقطة الكمية بوجود البرم == Study of Dynamics of Quantum Dot Laser with Spin

Author name: حكمت عبد الحسين ابراهيم
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The dynamics of VCSE QD spin polarized laser is studied based on asix equations model that takes into account the effect of number ofcontrol parameters on populations in the wetting layer for bothpolarized components and those in the quantum dot .The carrier density in the wetting layer and the quantum dot vary indifferent manner although the former lends to the later . Also thedynamics of carriers in the quantum dot shows varieties of dynamicsthat range from simple to complex one while the dynamics of carriersin the wetting layer are always simple .The polarized field related to the spin up and spin down cases sufferseffects in different manners due to the variations of these controlparameters . the intensities of both two polarized components behavioralso range from simple and end up chaotically.It appears that output ellipticity can be used as a new tool to assess the dynamical state of the laser wither it in stable , periodic , aperiodic or chaotic .The modulation of the injection current for both components or for either one led to new dynamics , the system was not able to show when it work autonomously although the model has five degrees of freedom .

قياس تركيز غاز الرادون والثورون في المنازل والمستشفيات والمراكز الصحية في محافظة البصرة العراق

Author name: حسام نجم عبود
Supervisor name: عيسى جاسم محمد الخليفة
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Laser Physics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة تركيز البورون في مياه محافظة ذي قار وتربتها باستخدام طريقة الكارمين وجهاز اللوفي بوند == Study of Boron Concentration in Water of Thi - Qar Governorate and Soil Using Carmine Method and Lovibond Device

Author name: تغريد عبد الحسين شاكر
Supervisor name: ثائر منشد سلمان
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In this study , we measured the boron concentration in the water and soil of Thi - Qar Governorates, where were collected (45) Sample Water also were collected (66) Sample soil from the districts of Thi - Qar and its environs province of southern Iraq , and we used that analogy chromatography Al carmine method (colorimetric carmine method) . we got the highest concentration of boron (0.801 ppm) in Garmat Bani Said area - Al Greej and the lowest value for the concentration of boron measured Al carmine manner of samples of clay in said Dhkeel - Al Ibrahim (2) area (0.368 ppm) . The concentration of boron has been in samples of mud rate in the province of Thi Qar was (0.614 ppm) also were measured exponent pH and ranged results between (7.208 - 8.368 ) and an average of (7.890) . As well as we used measurement chromatography Al carmine to measure the boron concentration in water samples way . We got the highest value for the concentration of boron water sample (1.057 mg / L) in Garmat Bani Said area - center (1) and the lowestvalue for the concentration of boron measured Al carmine way in water samples in Al Fuhood zone - Amayreh(1) (0.251 mg / L) . Boron concentration of water samples in the province of Thi Qar rat was (0.592 mg / L) .The boron concentration of water samples located within the normal allowable ratio globally but some are relatively high . As well as the measured pH and the results were pH ranging between (7.435 - 8.277) and an overall average of (7.885) .It was also some water samples to measure the soil by a device (Spectro Direct Lovibond) we got the highest value for the concentration of boron in the water samples (1.4 mg / L) in Al Fuhood zone - Amayreh area (3) , and the lowest value for the concentration of boron in Al Nasiriya - Al shuhada zone (1) (0.4 mg / L) . The soil samples were measured by a device (Spectro Direct Lovibond) has the highest value for the concentration of boron we got them in Al Tar - Al hareb area (1.1 ppm) and the lowest value for the concentration of boron in Al Tar - Al Ebrat (0.2 ppm) .

دراسة نظرية لبعض العوامل المؤثرة في سلوك دالة الموجة المستخدمة في تكثيف بوز اينشتاين

Author name: ايمان عبد الرضا موحي المالكي
Supervisor name: نوري حسين نور الهاشمي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Laser Physics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study entails some of the theoretical characteristics of Bose - Einstein intensification of the ideal gas properties, since the wave function behavior has been studied and analysed according to the effect three types of external potentials trapping that are used in the production Bose - Einstein condensation which are (harmonic potential, optical lattice potential , and double well potential) that have been used as individual or overlapping potentials, and the value of the non - linear has been confirmed according to fixed values in the whole study in order to the study the effect of the other elements. The effect anisotropy AL has been studied according to the behavior of the wave function and the distribution potential where the harmonic potential has individually at first, than it has been overlapped with the optical lattice potential in order to study this factor. Furthermore,the effect of this factor has been explained due to the distribution potential, function wave and relation type between the factor itself, chemical potential and energy. Additionally, we have used the intertwined harmonic potential with the optical lattice to study the effect of optical lattice potential factor q after confirming the harmonic potential AL at certain values, with exposition of it's effect the wave function behavior and distribution of potential with explanation to the nature of the relation between the chemical potential and energy with this factor. In addition to that, we have studied the influence of the center of double well potential coefficient A on the nature and behavior of the wave function and potential, and the nature of the relationship between this factor and chemical potential and energy. Noting the effect of these factors on the behavior of the wave function and the distribution of potential, therefore it has effect in Bose - Einstein condensation production.

تحضير ودراسة الخواص البصرية والكهربائية للمتراكبات البوليورية النانوية المواصلة PANI - DBSA/ MWCNTs وتطبيقاتها في الخلايا الشمسية == Preparation and Study The Optical and Electrical Properties of Nanocomposite (PANI - DBSA / MWCNTs) and Application in Solar Cell

Author name: هناء هاشم عناية
Supervisor name: كريمة مجيد زيدان
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present thesis Conducts polymer (polyaniline) doped with Dodycyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid (DBSA) was prepared by chemical polymerization and with the help of ammonium persulphat (NH4)2S2O8 as oxidizing agent.Multi well carbon tubes MWNTs are ultrasonically treated with strong acide using a 3 : 1 mixture of concentrated H2SO4 and HNO3, producing carboxylic groups c - MWNTs .Nanocomposite conducting polymers PANIDBSA/ MWCNTs was prepared with adding different weight ratios (0%,1%,2%,3%,5%)(MWNCTs to PANI - DBSA). Accordingly, films of these nanocomposite polymer were prepared by spin coating technique .To study the optical properties, these films were deposited on glass, and on interdigitated finger electrode for the - electrical properties.The chemical structure of the prepared polymers PANI - DBSA, c - MWNCT and PANI - DBSA/MWCNTs are characterized by the FTIR spectra .The results indicated an appearance of functional group of doping with DBSA and MWNCTs changed to c - MWNCTs.The structure of preparation films are characterized by X - RAD diffraction .The results show crystalline peaks partial crystallinity of the PANI - DBSA/MWNCTs. The grain size of polymer was calculated by Scherrer relation.Morphologies and diameters of the nanocomposite were studied by Atom ic Force Microscope(AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The average diameters of nanocomposite change between (81 - 118) nm and the roughness increased with increasing of MWNCTs in nanocomposite. Ology and the thickness were measured by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).The result shows the polymer covered MWNCT.The optical properties of preparation film were studied from absorbance spectra at wave - lengths of (300 - 1100 nm). The analyses of optical measurement shows direct transition with energy gap decreasing increases MWNCTs about(3.4 - 1.9) eV. The reflection spectrum is analysed to find same optical constant like extension coefficient and refraction coefficient.The electric conductivity was measured and it was found that the thin films correlate with the ohmic behaviour at voltage under 10V.The electricalconductivity increases as the ratios of MWNCTs increases in PANIDBSA/ MWNCTs nanocomposite from(6.17x10 - 3 S/cm ) at 0wt% to (1.12x10 - 1 ????/cm ) at 5wt% .The effect of temperature on the electric conductivity of all ratios of thenanocompositesare also studied. The resultindicated the activationenergy decrease as MWNCTs increase from 0.15 at (0wt %) to 0.05 at (5wt %).In electronic applications of nanocomposite conducting polymers solar cell,two kinds of solar cells (ITO/TiO2/PANI - DBSA/MWCNTs/C/ITO ) and (ITO/TiO2/PANI - DBSA/MWCNTs/dye/C/ITO) were fabricated. The currentvoltage characteristics are measured at light source 100mw/cm2.The solar cell parameter like open circuit voltage VOC ,short circuit current JSC, shunt resistance RSh, series resistance RS, full factor FF, and efficiency η, are calculated. The efficiency of solar cell at different ratios of MWNCTs in PANI - DBSA/MWNCT were calculated. The result indicated that the efficiency increased as MWNCTs increase. The efficiency of solar cells also increases with adding dye.

نقل البرم خلال نقطة كمية تحت تاثير مجال مغناطيسي == Spin Transport Through a Quantum Dot under Magnetic Field Effect

Author name: مهند محسن مرزوك
Supervisor name: جنان مجيد المخ
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

الضخ غير الاديباتيكي للشحنة الالكترونية في نقاط كمية مقترنة == Non-adiabatic electron charge pumping in coupled quantum dots

Author name: رجاء محمد عبد الله
Supervisor name: شاكر ابراهيم عيسى
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة التوصيل الحراري الشبيكي لبعض البوليمرات بدرجات تبلور مختلفة == Study of the lattice thermal conductivity for some polymers at various degrees of crystallinity

Author name: حيدر احمد حسن
Supervisor name: عادل حسن عواد
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

معالجة نقطة كمية بحجم الذرة باستخدام المجهر النفقي الماسح == Manipulation of Atom-Sized Quantum Dot with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Author name: فؤاد نمر عجيل
Supervisor name: جنان مجيد المخ
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

حساب معاملات النفاذية وقيم الطاقة الذاتية لتراكيب ابار كم متعددة ذات مقاطع جانبية لجهود اعتباطية باستخدام طريقة مصفوفة النقل == TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENTS AND EIGENSTATE VALUSES CALCULATION OF MULTIPLE QUANTUM WELL STRUCTURES WITH ARBITRARY POTENTIAL PROFILE USING TMM

Author name: عبد الرحمن سيد محمد
Supervisor name: صباح مهدي محمد امين
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة نظرية لتوليد الطاقة الكهربائية وتاثرها باختلاف درجة الحرارة وخصائص الشكل الهندسي == Theoretical Study Of Electrical Energy Generation And Its Dependence On Temperature Variation And Geometrical Shape Properties

Author name: رسول رمضان عتاب
Supervisor name: جاسب عبد الحسين مشاري
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة نظرية في حساب استقطاب البرم لالكترونات اوجيه المنبعثة اثناء تبادل الشحنة بين ايون الهيليوم وسطوح المعادن == Theoretical Study of Spin Polarization Calculation for Emitted Auger Electrons during Charge Exchange between Helium Ion and Metal Surfaces

Author name: احمد مظفر عبد الامير
Supervisor name: طالب عبد النبي سلمان
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
1 ... 11 12 13 14 15 16