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تشخيص وانتشار الحشرات المائية في برك مائية واقعة على نهر كرمة علي ودراسة التاثير السمي الحاد لبعض العناصر الثقيلة تجاه النوع Sympterum flaveolum. == Diagnostic and Distribution of aquatic insects in Ponds located in Garmat-Ali river and the Study of Acute Toxicity Effects of Some heavy Metals towards the Sympterum flaveolum

Author name: حامد منصور كاسب العونان
Supervisor name: ضياء خليف كريم | عماد هادي محسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة بعض التاثيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية للمستخلص الايثانولي للطحلب ا لاخضر المزرق Oscillatoria limosa C. Agardh ex Gomont, 1892 في الفئران المختبرية البيض == Study of Some Physiological And Histological Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Alga Oscillatoria limosa C. Agardh ex Gomont, 1892 in laboratory white mice Mus musculus L

Author name: بان عبد المجيد اسماعيل
Supervisor name: فارس شاكر كاطع | احمد محسن عذبي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة تاثير المستخلص الايثانولي لطحلب Spirulina platensis على تراكيز الذهون وبعض المعايير الفسيولوجية في ذكور الارانب المختبرية المستحثة بفرط الكوليسترول

Author name: انتصار قاسم منور
Supervisor name: فارس شاكر كاطع | احمد حسن عذبي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

معاملة بذور الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L. بحامض السالسياليك واثرها في تحمل الشد المائي المستحث بمادة الكلايكول متعدد الاثلين == The treatment of Corn seeds (Zea mays L.) with salicylic acid and its effects on drought tolerance induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG)

Author name: وسن فوزي عبد الحسین
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The study was conducted in Plant physiology laboratory, department of biology, college of education for pure sciences, University of Basrah from 1/6/2015 till 10/7/2016 in order to evaluate the effect ofpretreatment (soaking) seeds of corn (Zea mays L.) cv. Baghdad 3with salicylic acid (SA) on germination, early seedlings growth and to minimize the effect of water stress induced with poly ethylene glycol (PEG). The study included the following experiments : 1 - Effect of SA and PEG on germination using a hydroponic culture and Hoagland solution in which corn seeds were soaked in three concentrations (0.1,0.3,0.5) mMof SA in addition to control treatment with distilled water for six hours. Water stress were induced with PEG at concentrations of 0 (distilled water),1%,2%,3%,6%,9% and 12%. This experiment indicated that the optimum soaking concentration with SA was 0.5 mM and that there was no germination at 12% PEG.2 - Effect of interaction between corn seeds pretreatment with DW, 0.5mM of SA for six hoursand PEG at all previous concentrations except 12%, on early corn seedlings growth using hydroponic culture and Hoagland nutrient solution, for three weeks.3 - Effect of interaction betweencorn seeds pretreatment with DW, 0.5 mM of SA for six hoursand water stress induced with PEG at 3% and 6% on vegetative growth using pots filled with a mixture of sand and peat moss for three months.The parameters were evaluated after each of the previous experiments, also , Biochemical test . Plant height, leaves number, root length and number, dry and fresh weight for shoot and roots, while the followingparameters were evaluated in corn leaves after pots experiment : 1 - Biochemical tests included : proline and glycine betain concentrations, total carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, sodium and potassium ions concentrations.2 - Leaves anatomical study to compare the effect of PEG inducedwater stress and the role of its interaction with pretreatment with SA on thegrowth and development of internal structure of corn leaves.The following results were estimated : 1 - Germination percentage : increasing water stress in the nutrient media reduced the % germination significantly when compared with control treatment. Seeds pretreatment with SA enhanced the germination percent and the highest percent was at interaction between PEG at 1%, 2% and SA at 0.5 mM.2 - Growth parameters for seedling at hydroponic culture indicated that plant height, fresh and dry weight for shoot and roots have increased significantly when seeds were pretreated with 0.5 Mm SA All theprevious parameters were reduced significantly under PEG induced waterstress especially at 9%. Interaction between SAand PEG caused apositive significant increases in all studied parameters especially atconcentrations less than 6% and 9% PEG.3 - Growth parameters for corn plants grown at pots have showed a significant increase when pretreated with SA compared with that treated with DW. PEG caused a significant decrease in the growth parameters IIIespecially at 6%. Interaction between DW and 6% PEG recorded the lowest growth in all studied parameters. 4 - Biochemical tests : There was a significant increase in total carbohydrates and total chlorophyll content in leaves of corn plants pretreated with SA in compare with that pretreatdwith DW while the content of proline and glycine betaine were higher significantly in leaves pretreated with DW.In case of PEG induced water stress, the highest total carbohydrates content was at 6%, highest chlorophyll content at 3% while proline and glycine betaine highest content were at 6% PEG. 5 - Sodium and Potassium Concentration : The highest potassium concentration was at plant treated with SA while the highest sodium concentration was at plant treated with DW. Increasing PEG concentrations caused a significant increase in potassium concentration and a significant decrease in sodium concentration. Interaction results revealed that the highest potassium and the lowest sodium concentrations were at interaction between SA and PEG at 6%. 6 - Anatomical study results revealed that increasing water stress effected the leaves tissues structures and this were cleared at vascular bundles tissues (xylem and phloem tissues) and bundle sheath. Upper and lower epidermis, polliform cells were also affected by increasing water stress.The anatomy of leaves also showed that there was a positive enhancement in the structure of leaves tissues in the plants grown from pretreated seeds with SA.

دور مستارجات حشرتي الصرصر الامريكي Periplaneta mericana والبعوض Culex pipiens على فرط التحسس من النوع الاول وعلاقتها مع بعض الائل مستضدات معقد التوافق النسيجي من الصنف الثاني

Author name: هدى كاظم كريم الموسوي
Supervisor name: فوزية علي عبد الله | ضياء خليف كريم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aimed to verify the distribution of Periplaneta americana and Culex pipiens allergy and its association with some HLA class II alleles in asthmatic and allergic patients. 96 healthy (control ) and 96 suspected allergic individuals from the same geographical region ,paired by sex and age were included in this study. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test (ELISA) was used to estimate the total and specific IgE antibodies in the sera of studied individuals. The detection of the HLA - DQB1*0602, HLADQB1* 0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).The results of total IgE based ELISA which was conducted on 96 suspected allergic and24 healthy (control ) individuals revealed that there was extremely significant statistical association (P<0.0001) for total IgE concentration with being allergic or non allergic status of individuals. The overall frequency of higher total IgE antibody concentration ( IgE>200IU/ml) was observed in 72.9% of allergic patients and lower serum total IgE levels (IgE<200IU/ml) were associated with 87.5% of healthy individuals. According to the specific IgE based ELISA results the effect of allergic patients age on the IgE seropositivity against cockroach allergens was not considered to be significant(p>0.05),but the effect of sex was statistically significant)P<0.05(.There was no significant effect( p>0.05)for patients age and sex on the distribution of IgE antibodies against mosquito allergens. Out of 96 allergic patients, 59 (61.5%)and 62(64.6%)showed positive IgE antibody response against cockroach and mosquito allergens respectively. Concerning the PCR results the overall frequency of HLA - DQB1*0602 and HLA - DQB1*0604 alleles was %35.6 and %15.3 of cockroach allergic patients respectively and the HLA - DRB1*12 allele was not observed in these patients..Out of 62 mosquito allergic patients, 8(%12.9)showed HLA - DQB1 * 0602 positive results while HLA - DQB1*0604 allele was observed in 4(%6.5)patients and the HLA - DRB1*12 allele was not observed in these patients.The difference in the genotypig results was extremely highly significant(χ2 : 0.030;17.486; degrees of freedom(DF) : 3;p - value=0.00056136) between cockroach and mosquito allergic patients .The association between the presence HLA - DQB1 *0602 , HLA - DQB1 * 0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 and total IgE based ELISA results in allergic patients and healthy individuals revealed that the percentage of HLA - DQB1 * 0602, HLA - DQB1 * 0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 alleles presence in patients having total IgE lower total IgE )IgE<200 IU/ml) was higher than that of high )IgE>200 IU/ml) total IgE patients where HLA - DQB1*0602 appeared in high percentage(69.2%) followed by percentage (15.4 %( of HLA - DQB1* 0604 presence. . The relationship of HLA - DQB1and HLADRB1 alleles with the results of total IgE based ELISA was statistically significant in the least(χ2 : 60.756 and the degree of freedom (DF) : 5;p= P<0.00001) and greatest(χ2 : 11.806 ; the degree of freedom (DF) : 5 ; p = 0.037544) than 200 IU / ml, values .Depending on the association between the presence of HLADQB1* 0602 ,HLA - DQB1*0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 and positive or negative specific results of cockroach or mosquito allergens specific IgE based ELISA results in allergic patients revealed that the percentage of HLA - DQB*0602,HLA - DQB1*0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 alleles presence in cockroach allergic patients having positive results were higher than those ratios that have been observed in patients with negative ELISA results where HLA - DQB1*0602 appeared in high percentage)35.6%( followed by percentage( 15.3% )of HLA - DQB1*0604 . The relationship of HLADQB1and HLA - DRB1 alleles with the results of specific IgE based ELISA was statistically significant (χ2 : 10.412; DF : 3; p - value =0.01536989).Incontrast the percentage of HLA - DQB1*0602,HLADQB1*0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 alleles presence in mosquito allergic patients was found to be higher in negative ELISA results patients also the relationship of these HLA - DQB1 alleles with mosquito allergen specific IgE based ELISA results was not considared statistically significant (χ2 : 3.115 ;DF : 3 and p= 0.37423205).However HLA - DQB1 * 0602 allele was found in the highest percentage (20.6%), followed by allele HLA - DQB1 * 0604 (8.8%).Concerning the presence of HLA - DQB1*0602 ,HLA - DQB1*0604 andHLA - DRB1*12 in cockroach or mosquito allergic patients and healthy individuals,the HLA - DRB1*12 and HLA - DQB1*0602 allels were not found in healthy individuals.The genotyping results difference between cockroach allergic patients and healthy individuals was considered statistically extremely significant (χ2 : 74.485 ;DF : 5 and p =0) as well as the difference in the results of the genotyping of mosquitoes allergic patients and healthy people was statistically with very high significant (χ2 : 23.342 ; DF : 5 and p = 0.00029035).

دراسة تاثيرالتعرض السابق لمادة الايثيلين وايضه في بعض المعاييرالفسيولوجية : دراسة تاثيرالتعرض السابق لمادة الايثيلين وايضه في بعض المعاييرالفسيولوجية والوراثية عند العاملين في معمل البتروكيمياويات في محافظة البصرة والوراثية عند العاملين في معمل البتروكيمي == The Study of the effects of previous Ethylene Exposure on Some Physiological and Genetic Parameters in Workers of Petrochemical Plant In Basrah province

Author name: هبة ثاقب يسر
Supervisor name: سامي جبر المالكي | فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was conducted to investigate the genetic and physiological effects of some industrial chemicals on workers of the Petrochemicals Industrial Factory, in Basra Province , as it has been collecting 100 blood samples during the month of January and February of 2011 from each of the exposure in (ethylene section) and the control group of (employees of the University of Basra). and then the samples were divided on the basis of each of the years of occupational exposure to more and less than 15 years , age group to the larger and smaller than 50 years, smoking habits.The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the haemoglobin concentration HB, PCV, RDW and MCV in the more than15 years exposure group in comparison with the control group, while, no significance was detected in the RBC, MCH, MCV ,RDW,MCH and MCHC in less than15 years exposure group . Whereas, a significant decrease in the PCV for the same group was observed.White blood cells parameters’ results showed also variations in their values. In general, WBC did not change significantly in both groups of workers, while, the proportion of the lymphocyte and the of monocyte declined significantly in the more than 15 year of occupational exposure group, in contrast, the proportion of granulated cells increased markedly in the same group. The results of group of less than 15 years exposure revealed that the proportion of monocyte dropped significantly. Conversely, there was a significant increase in the proportion of granulated cells while the proportion of the lymphocyte was not significant . Platelets’ number and average of platelets’ volume decreased significantly in both occupational groupsTurning to the biochemical tests, the results showed significant increase in both liver enzymes ALT ,ASTand bili as well as this increase was found in urea, uric acid and glucose values in both occupational exposure groups. Contrariwise, the ALP creatinine and cholesterol did not reveal significant changes in both groups that in comparison with control group. The total protein decreased significantly in the group of more than 15 year of occupational exposure.Testosterone level revealed a significant decline in both occupational groups, while the Follicle stimulating hormone showed a significant increase in the occupational group of less than 15 year and no difference was observed in another occupational group while LH hormone level was not significant.In case of the genetic effects of the ethylene compounds, DNA was extracted for control and occupational groups and amplification was performed for GSTM1, GSTT1 and Albumin by using PCR technique. The results showed that there was no significant effect of both occupational periods on the GSTM1 gene, while GSTT1 gene was significantly in the workers samples in group more than 15 year of exposure, which was 2.43 times more than the group of less than 15 year of exposure.As regards the impact of exposure to ethylene and loss of genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 showed the results of our study, significant increase in the loss of gene GSTM1 amounted to more than five - fold (5.1) among workers exposed compared to a set of control while the proportion of loss of gene GSTT1 by more than three - fold (3. 1) compared to the group control has been a loss ratio of the two genes together more than eight - fold (8.5) for workers exposed group compared to the control.The light smoke did not reveal a significant effect on the null of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes that in comparison with the control group, while the study found a significant effect of smoking on gene GSTM1, causing the null of much more than doubled (2.2) times compared with the control group (non - smokers) and the significant effect of smoking on null GSTT1 gene loss as increased visits by the text (1.5) compared with non - smokers also appeared that excessive smoking has an effect on the GSTT1 gene causing loss by seven - fold (7.08) once compared to non - smokers.The effect of the age group (less and more than 50 years old) of the workers on the null of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 was also examined. GSTM1 gene was null six times in both age groups of workers more than the control samples. While the GSTT1 was null in age group less than 50 years old three times more than the control group. As well as this absence was two times in the age group more than 50 years old in comparison with control group.It could be concluded from the present study that the exposure of workers to ethylene and its metabolic impact and clearly on blood standards as well as caused a high level of enzymes AST, ALT and bilirubin and high blood sugar levels and lower total protein and high level of urea and uric acid level as well as the low level of the hormone testosterone as it turns out that occupational exposure to ethylene and metabolic outcomes and length of exposure and smoking for workers exposed role in influencing the genes of detoxification, causing null in each of the gene GSTT1 and GSTM1.

دراسة مظهرية وجزيئية وبيئية للدور اليرقي بعد المذنبة لمثقوبة العين Diplostomum على ثلاثة انواع من اسماك نهر كرمة علي في محافظة البصرة == Morphological, Molecular and Ecological Studies of the larval stage (metacercaria) of eye trematode Diplostomum on three fish species from Garmat Ali River, Basrah Province

Author name: هاجر رزاق منهل
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين حبش
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

الحساسية الغذائية للروبيان : دراسة وبائية ومناعية وجزيئية في محافظة البصرة جنوب العراق == Food allergy of shrimp : Epidemiological,Immunological and Molecular Study inBasra Province, Southern of Iraq

Author name: نور جاسم علي جودة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: A total of 210 human venous blood samples were collected from Basrah province ( 190 randomly collected from people living in different regions of Basrah province , 10 blood samples from people who did not have a history of shrimp consumption or dealing with it used as negative control group, anther 10 samples of people who are sensitive to shrimp used as a positive control group). The samples were serologically tested by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to estimate the distribution of total and specificIgE in the sera of studied individuals . Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the HLA - DQB1*02 , *0302 , *0305 allels. The immunological study included the preparation of two types of Metapenaeus affinis allergens which are the raw allergens and the boiled allergens used in Indirect ELISA test to determin shrimp food allergies by serodiagnosis , while Direct ELISA test was used to estimate the distribution of total IgE by quantitative serological methods in the sera of studied samples. the concentration of protein in antigens extracts was estimated, the protein concentration in the boiled shrimp extract was less than its concentration in the raw extract.The results of direct ELISA test demonstrated a decrease in the level of total IgE antibodies in most of the studied samples , the level of IgE <100 recorded a significant high rate 98.4% which is more than the level of IgE > 100 which recorded apercentage of 1.6% and there was a significant difference between them. The Indirect ELISA test results revealed that the total percentage of IgE distribution of the raw and boiled shrimp antigens were 57.8% and 74.2% respectively and there was a significant difference between males and females .However , the difference was not significant between the age groups P>0.05.The molecular study was conducted to detect the presence of some alleles HLADQB1* 02, *0302, *0305 gene in the blood samples by using PCR . The current study showed that the association of the presence of these alleles and the level of total immunoglobulin is highly significant.Also the current study showed that a high significant difference was found between the positive samples to the studied alleles and the seropositive and seronegative results of raw and boild shrimp allergen specific IgE based on Indirect ELISA (P≤0.01).The results of PCR showed a high frequency ratio of HLADQB1 * 0302 97.2% in allergic patients of shrimp boild allergen and 56.9% in allergic patients of shrimp raw allergen .Also the current study showed a very high frequency ratio of HLADQB1 *0305 98.2% in the individuals who showed positive results for the raw allergen and recorded 65.2%. in the individuals who showed positive results for the boild allergen ,while HLADQB1*02 showed in one sample of studied samples which recorded positive results to raw and boild allergens of shrimp .The current study demonstrated also that the alleles frequency in some of studied samples which are seronegative by Indirect ELISA test , HLADQB1*0302 was 30.9% in raw antigens, while in the negative boild sample was not observed . HLADQB1*0305 was 1.23% in serongative of raw allergen and 16.32% in boild allergen. However, HLADQB1*02 was notobserved in seronagative to raw and boild shrimp allergen.

حياتية القوقع الدخيل Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck, 1822 في شط العرب - محافظة البصرة == Biological of the Invasive Snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822

Author name: نادية جعفر كاظم البغدادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was concerned with some biological aspects of the invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) and for this purpose, monthly samples from Shatt Al - Arab banks in the area of Al - Salhia were collected during the period from October 2014 to September 2015. The study included the monthly variations in the density of snail , its egg masses and the population sizes. In the laboratory, the study included many aspects, these are the relationships between female weight with some measurements of its egg masses, embryonic development duration, hatching percentages under different temperatures, food consumption, salt acclimatization, growth under combined effect of salinity and temperature, effect of food type on growth of newly hatched snails and examine samples of snail to detect the infection with parasites if present. The density of the snail was ranged from four to 13 ind. /m2 recorded during January - February 2015 and October 2014 respectively, while the mean density of egg masses was from two to nine egg mass / m2 recorded during April 2015 and October 2014. The statistical analysis showed that the temperature had positive correlated with density of each of snails and its egg masses. On the otherhand, there are positive correlation between the density of each snail and its egg masses. The snails, which had been collected during the study period, were 19 - 68 mm in length, these measurements were classifying into five size classes. The size class 35 - 45 mm was dominanted for nine months, compared with the size class 55 - 65 mm that had less occurrence.The diameter of eggs varied from 2.5 - 4 mm. The 25°C is the most suitable temperature to get a high percentage of hatching and a short period of embryonic development. There was no significant correlation between the weight of the female and the number of its egg masses.The feeding experiment showed that the amount of food consumed lettuce mild during the study period 30 days by one individual ranged from 3 - 29g. The results of the acclimatization was referred to the ability of all size classes' snails to tolerate the low salinity 2.5 psu with 100% survival percentage, while the snails of size classes at least 10 mm and 10 - 25mm were able to tolerate the salinity of 11psu with 10% and 50% respectivly survival.There are variable effects of the combination of temperature and salinity on growth of newly hatched snails for 9 weeks experiment, these effects were reflected on the weight, length and width, and the highest of these measurements were recorded for snails of 2.5 psu - 27°C combination, while the lowest one was recorded in 7.5 psu - 10°C. The lowest survival percentage was 5% recorded for the individuals of 7.5 psu - 27 and 32°C, compared with 90% of distil water - 17°C. On the other hand, the optimum growth was in 2.5 psu all temperatures, while the optimum growth was in all salinities, and temperature of 27°C.The experimental study of five types of food fresh celery, fresh lettuce, fish food, mixed food and animal protein)on growth of newly hatched snails for 9 weeks. Showed that the mean weight, length and width of snails were depending on the food type. The mixed food gave significant increase in growth 382.1 mg weight, 10.10mm length and7.58mm width compared with the other types of food.The highest survival percentage 95% was recorded for the snails fed on celery, lettuce and fish food. The present study on the snail P. canaliculata does not record any infection by the larvae of parasites

تاثير بعض المعاملات في زيادة تحمل نبات الموز (Musa acuminata L.) الصنف الهندي للشدين الملحي والمائي باستعمال تقانة زراعة الانسجة النباتية == Effect of some treatments on increasing salinity and water stress on Musa acuminata L. (Hindi cultivar) using plant Tissue Culture techniques

Author name: مريم جاسم محمد
Supervisor name: حسين خلف زاير | عباس مهدي جاسم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في المختبر التقني لزراعة الانسجة النباتية التابع للقطاع الخاص الواقع في منطقة الفيحاء / قضاء شط العرب/ محافظة البصرة للفترة من 2012/12/20 ولغاية 2014/12/20 على نبات الموز الصنف الهندي قصير الساق Musa acuminata L. بهدف وضع برنامج للاكثار الدقيق ومدى تحمل النبيتات للشد الملحي باستعمال كلوريد الصوديوم والشد المائي باستعمال مركب الكلايكول متعدد الاثيلين (PEG)Polyethelen glycol ومعرفة تاثير معوق النمو الباكلوبيوترازول (PBZ)Paclobutrazol في تضاعف الافرع الخضرية وفي اقلمة النبيتات وتاثير الهرمون النباتي حامض الابسيسك (ABA)Abscisic acid في تحسين التحمل للشدين الملحي والمائي. استعمل انصاف من القمم المرستيمية النامية Shoot tips كاجزاء نباتيةExplants على وسط MS مضافا اليه 5ملغم.لتر1 - من السايتوكاينين (BA)Benzyl adenine لتحفيز تضاعف الافرع الخضرية ومعاملتها بتراكيز مختلفة من ملح كلوريد الصوديوم وPEG وPBZ وABA وتم حساب عدد الافرع الخضرية الناتجة وقطرها وارتفاعها وعدد الجذور واطوالها ومتابعة نموها ثم اجراء عملية الزراعة الثانوية لعدة مرات ثم اقلمتها ونقلها الى البيت البلاستيكي.ويمكن تلخيص النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها بما يلي : 1 - اضافة ملح كلوريد الصوديوم بالتراكيز 0 او 20او50 او80 او120 ملي مولر الى الوسط MS اثر في تضاعف الافرع بنسب متفاوتة , وادى الى زيادة معنوية في المدة اللازمة لظهور الافرع الخضرية وتقليل عددها بزيادة تركيز الملح .2 - اضافة معوق النمو PBZ بالتراكيز 0 او0.5 او 1 او1.5 او2 ملغم.لتر1 - بوجود السايتوكاينين BA بالتركيز 5ملغم.لتر1 - ادى الى تقليل المدة اللازمة لبدء ظهور الافرع الخضرية وزيادة عددها وخفض ارتفاع النبات وعدد الجذور بزيادة تركيز PBZ.3 - تفوقت المعاملة الاولية بـPEG بالتركيز 1% معنويا على التركيز 0.5% في عدد الافرع الخضرية وفي عدد الجذور وطولها وزيادة في ارتفاع النبات وقطره .4 - اضافةABA الى الوسط الغذائي بالتركيزين 0.1 او0.3 ملغم.لتر1 - ادت الى تقليل عدد الجذور واطوالها وارتفاع النبات وقطره وتيبس الاوراق واصفرارها مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة بينما تفوقت معاملة التداخل مع تراكيز كلوريد الصوديوم المدروسة مع المعاملتين 20و50 ملي مولر من كلوريد الصوديوم تفوقا معنويا على المعاملتين 80 و120 ملي مولر في زيادة عدد الجذور واطوالها وطول النبات وقطره . 5 - سببت اضافة كلوريد الصوديوم الى الوسط الغذائي زيادة معنوية في تركيزي ايوني الصوديوم والكلورايد وهبوط معنوي في تركيز ايون البوتاسيوم ونسبة البوتاسيوم /الصوديوم بينما ادت اضافة PBZ وPEG وABA الى انخفاض معنوي في ايون الكلورايد وزيادة معنوية في نسبة البوتاسيوم /الصوديوم .6 - سببت المعاملة بملح كلوريد الصوديوم زيادة معنوية في محتوى الاوراق من البرولين بزيادة تركيز الملح .كما ان تداخل تراكيز ملح كلوريد الصوديوم مع PBZ وPEG وABAقد سجلت زيادة معنوية في محتوى البرولين بزيادة تركيز الملح . 7 - ادت المعاملة بملح كلوريد الصوديوم عند التركيزين 20و50 ملي مولر زيادة محتوى الاوراق من الكربوهيدرات الذائبة الكلية في حين ادت المعاملة بالتركيزين و80 و120 ملي مولر الى هبوطها.اما بالنسبة لتداخل تراكيز ملح كلوريد الصوديوم مع تراكيز PBZ وPEG وABA فقد تفوقت معنويا في محتوى الاوراق من الكربوهيدرات عند جميع التراكيز مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة .8 - اوضحت النتائج ان محتوى الاوراق من الكلوروفيل الكلي قد انخفض معنويا عند تركيزي80 او120 ملي مولر كلوريد الصوديوم .كما ان المعاملة بـ PBZ وPEG وABA ادت الى زيادة محتوى الكلوروفيل الكلي عند جميع التراكيز .9 - اقلمت النبيتات الناتجة من الافرع الخضرية المزروعة في الوسط الغذائي المزود بتراكيز ملح كلوريد الصوديوم فقط ومن تداخل كلوريد الصوديوم مع تراكيز PBZ وPEG وABA وقيس ارتفاع النبات وقطره وقورنت مع معاملة السيطرة .10 - ادت المعاملة بتراكيز PBZ وPEG وABA المتداخلة مع تركيزي ملح كلوريد الصوديوم 20 و50 ملي مولر الى خفض معدل النسبة المئوية للرطوبة المفقودة وزيادة النسبة المئوية للنباتات المؤقلمة.11 - اضافة كلوريد الصوديوم الى الوسط الغذائي ادى الى حدوث تغيرات في عملية التعبير الجيني وظهور اختلافات في عدد ومواقع وكثافة الحزم البروتينية .12 - التداخل بين كلوريد الصوديوم والمواد المضافة PBZ وPEG وABA ادت الى اختفاء بعض الحزم وظهور حزم اخرى في مواقع مختلفة خصوصا الحزمتين 3و 4 . | This study was conducted in the laboratory of the technical plant tissue culture in Fayhaa / Shatt Al - Arab District / province of Basra for the period from 12/20/2012 till 20/12/2014 at Dwarf banana cv. Indian Musa acuminata L. In order to develop a program for micropropagation and were to investigate salt stress tolerance through the effect of NaCl, and water stress through Polyethelen glycol(PEG) and knowledge of the growth retardant of Paclobutrazol (PBZ) in multiplication of the branches vegetative and acclimatization and the effect of Abscisic acid(ABA) on improving salt and water stress tolerance. Halves of shoot tips were used explants which were cultured on MS medium supplied 5 m.l - 1 of Benzyl adenine (BA) to stimulate the multiplication of the branches vegetative and treated with different concentrations of sodium chloride and PEG and salt PBZ and ABA were calculating the number of branches vegetative resulting in diameter and height and number roots and length of follow - up and growth of agriculture and then conduct subculture for several times and then acclimatized and transferred to the plastic house.The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1 - The addition of 0 or 20 or 50 or 80 or 120 mM of sodium chloride to the MS medium affected the multiplication of the branches vegetative in various percentages. This, in turn, resulted in a signficant increase in the required time to initiate the adventitious buds and lowered their number. There was also a significant difference in the percentage of increasing the numbers of those branches by increasing the salt concentrations. 2 - The addition of the concentrations 0 or 0.5 or 1 or 1.5 and 2 mg.l - 1 of growth retardant PBZ together with 5 mg.l - 1 BA resulted in lowering the required time for initiating the adventitious buds, increasing their number, decreased the number of roots and height of stem by increasing the concentration of PBZ.3 - The initial treatment by 1% PEG significantly increased than the concentration 0.5%. This increase included the number of the adventitious buds, number and length of roots, as well as height and diameter of stem.4 - The addition of 0.1 and 0.3 mg.l - 1 ABA to the nutrient medium led to lower th number and length of roots, stem height and diameter. The leaves became dry and yellow when compared to the control treatment. As far as the interactions between the sodium chloride concentrations in question are concerned, the two concentrations 20 and 50 mM showed a more significant difference than the other concentrations 80 and 120 mM in the number and length of roots, and stem length and height.5 - The addition of the sodium chloride to the nutrient medium resulted in a significat increase in the concentrations of sodium chloride ions and a significant decrease of potassium/ sodium percentage. The addition of PBZ, PEG, and ABA resulted in a significant decrease in chloride ion and a significant increase in potassium/ sodium percentage.6 - The sodium chloride treatment caused a significant increase in the leave content of Proline by incresing the salt. The interaction between sodium chloride salt concentrations and PBZ, PEG, and ABA showed a significant increase in the proline content by increasing salt concentration.7 - The treatment by the two concentrations 20 and 50 mM sodium chloride resulted in increasing the leave content of the total soluble carbohydrates, whereas the treatment by the two concentrations 80 and 120 Mm lowered the leave content. Considering the interaction between sodium chloride and PBZ, PEG and ABA, the interaction showed a significant increase in the leave content of carbohydrates at all concentrations compared to the control treatment.8 - The results showed that the leave content of chlorophyl increased significantly at the two concentrations 20 and 50 mM sodium chloride. Also, the treatment by PBZ, PEG, and ABA showed an increase in the chlorophyl content at all concentrations.9 - The resulted plantlets were acclimatized by sodium chloride salt concentrations and by the interaction of Sodium Chloride and PBZ, PEG, and ABA. The plant height and stem diameter were measured and compared to the control treatment.10 - The treatment by PBZ, PEG, and ABA concentrations that are interacted with Sodium Chloride salt concentrations at 20 and 50 mM led to lower the average percentage of lost moisture and increase the percentage of the success of acclimatization. 11 - Add Sodium chloride to the media has led to changes in the process of gene expression and the emergence of differences in the number and location and intensity of the protein packets.12 - The interaction between the sodium chloride and additives PBZ and PEG and ABA led to the disappearance of some packages and the emergence of other packages in different locations, especially packages 3 and 4.

حساسية وخصوصية تقنية تفاعل السلسلة المتبلمرة Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR وبعض الطرق المصلية في الكشف عن الاصابت بطفيلي Toxoplasma gondii في النساء المجهضات وازواجهن == Sensitivity and specificity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technique and some Serological methods in the detection of the infection with parasite Toxoplasma gondii in women with recurrent miscarriage and their husban

Author name: فيحاء نوري عبد الحسن
Supervisor name: صبيح هليل المياح | شيماء جبار ريسان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Atotal of 300 blood samples were collected from abortifacients women and their husbands who consalted Al Sadr Teaching Hospital in Maysan province and private laboratories in Basra during the period from July 2015 to October 2015, In the same time 50 samples of uninfected males and femals were collected and used as a control groupAtotal of 300 blood samples were collected from abortifacients women and their husbands who consalted Al Sadr Teaching Hospital in Maysan province and private laboratories in Basra during the period from July 2015 to October 2015, In the same time 50 samples of uninfected males and femals were collected and used as a control group . The examination by Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) demonstrated that 160 (53.3%) of these samples were positive for toxoplasmosis , at rate of 53.3% , IgG antibody recorded an increase in percentage comparing with IgM and IgG + IgM together , IgG antibody recorded increase in the 138 samples at rate % In PCR technique two genes B1 and Tghsp70 were used to diagnose the same samples for the first time in Iraq and showed highest sensitivity (90.7%) . However age group 31 - 35 years recorded a high percentage of infection (90.5%) . The sensitivity of LAT test for detection of the toxoplasmosis was 80% , ELFA test recorded sensitivity 53.3% and PCR 90.7% with specificity were 60%, 53,3% and 70.7% respectively . Also the concentration of heat shock protein HSP70 in abortifacients of women and their husbands has been estimated , according to concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320(ng/ml).II SummaryWhen examined used by ( LAT) test the results showed that males differ fromfemales with a significant difference P≤0.05 , the rate of males were 70% in theconcentration 160ng/ml , But it was observed that women with recurrent abortion, had higher rate 30.8% with high significant difference at the level of probabilityP≤0.01 in the concentration 80ng/ml , compared with males . The results of theage groups showed had highest levels of heat shock protein HSP70 were in theage group (>40) years at rate 66.7% in a concentration 320ng/ml and with highsignificant difference P≤0.01 compared with other age groups, While the agegroup (20 - 25) years had higher rate 11.4% in concentration 20ng/ml comparedwith other age groups , also the age group (26 - 30) years had higher rate 23.3%and 56.7% in concentrations of 80ng/ml and 160ng/ml respectively comparedwith other age groups.The results of estimated heat shock protein for the samples examined by ELFAtest showed that husbands were different from their wives and had higherrate75% with high significant difference P≤0.01 in concentration 160ng/ml .While the ratio of females were 37.5% in the concentration 320ng/ml higher thanthe males with a significant difference P≤0.05 , Also the result showed highsignificant difference P≤0.01 in concentration 160ng/ml and 320ng/ml betweenthe age groups , the age group (35 - 31) years had higher rate 66.7% inconcentration 160ng/ml and the age group (>40) years in concentration320ng/ml had higher rate 66.7%.As well the results of estimated heat shock protein HSP70 of the samplestested by PCR assay in the current study showed a significant difference P≤0.05between males and females , while the ratio of males at rate 59.4% higher thanthe ratio of women in a concentration 160ng/ml , but the rate of women understudy in concentrations 40ng/ml and 80ng/ml were at rate 11.8% and 27.2% ,respectively higher than the males with high significant difference P≤0.0 , onthe other hand no significant difference showed in this study between males andfemales in concentrations 20ng/ml and 320ng/ml , but the results showed thatage group (>40) years had higher rate 66.7% in the concentration 160ng/mlcompared with other age groups . While the age groups (20 - 25) years had higherrate 22.9% in concentration 80ng/ml compared with other age groups . So theage group (36 - 40) years had higher rate 14.3% in concentration 20ng/mlcompared with other age groups .Ministry of Higher Education University of Basrah Sensitivity and specificity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technique and some

التشخيص المظهري والتغاير الوراثي لذباب القرعيات Dacus frontalis Becker ,1922 في محافظتي البصرة وميسان == Morphological identification and genetic variation of cucurbit fly Dacus frontalis Becker ,1922 in Basrah and Missan provinces

Author name: فاطمة قاسم حمدان
Supervisor name: فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study is identified (morphologic and molecular )for the population of cucurbit fly which is a destructive pest of cucumber ,honey melon and cantaloupe in Basrah and Missan .Sample were collected from different region from Basrah province including Qurna , Safwan , Zubair , Khor Al - Zubair . Al - Misharah , Kumate , Kalat Salih, Ali Al - Garbi in Missan province for the period October ,2014 till September 2015.Result of the identification study showed there is only one species infect cucurbits which is Dacus frontalis Becker ,1922,family Tephritidae ,Order Diptera in all studied regions. This species was classified according to femur color of the middle leg ,its color is orange at the apical half with dark black spot at the basal part of the antenna with the presence of basal diagonal line underneath the scutum behind the thorax. female were characterized by the presence of ovipositor at the end of the abdomen and male characterized by present s one line of hair at the third of the abdomen ring .For the sensitivity of the insect fly cucurbits towards our fruits of cucurbits (cucumber and water melon represented by the number of eggs laid down by the female as it appeared no significant difference in the number of eggs laid down by the female in the provinces of Basra, Maysan and was the highest rate of lay eggs on the fruits of cucumbers choice of six eggs and a difference of moral on water option, which amounted to one egg.Molecular study show the kit equipped Bioneer company and named Genomic DNA Extraction kit was highly efficient in DNA Extraction it was later used in the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction which is one of the methods used in molecular identification .Used four primers for different sequence s. and electrophoresis results shows multiplied bands of different molecular weight for four different primers for both females and males .The number and molecular weight of bands was calculated manually comparative with DNA marker or ladder then used the number of bands in the following equation to find the genetic similarity and genetic distance between the different districts each primer for males and females .To find genetic similarity used the equation : Sfy=2Nfy/Nf+ Ny and to findgenetic distance used the equation : GD fy=1 - SfyAt the level of first primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is zero and this is evidence that one species and highest value of genetic distance is 0.9 on the second level of the primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is 0.2 and highest value of genetic distance is one at the third primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is 0.3 and highest value of genetic distance is one but the fourth primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is 0.3 and highest value of genetic distance is one .For males at the level of first primer of males it was less value of genetic distance is zero and highest value is 0.8 but the second primer of males it was the less value for genetic distance is 0.8 and on the level of genetic distance is zero on the level of third primer for males it was value of genetic distance is zero and highest value is 0.8 and fourth of males it was the less value of genetic distance is zero and highest value of genetic distance is 0.8

دراسة الطفيليات الداخلية والخارجية في وعلى انواع مختلفة من الحشرات

Author name: علا عبد الشهيد ناصر
Supervisor name: كاظم صالح حسن الهدلك | مسلم عبد الرحمن الطعمة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Present study was carried out to isolate and identify the worms nematodes found in the soil, and could be used as a means of biological control against insects, it has also been to isolate and identify Mites present on or within different types of economic and other insects, which were represented by the American cockroaches Periplaneta americana ( Dictyoptera; Blattiidae). And houseflies Musca domestica (Diptera : Muscidae), Persian and ants belonging to the family; Formcidae) Hymenoptera), flour beetles Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae; Coleoptera), and the termites Microcerotermes diversus( Isoptera; Kalotermitidae))The study samples (soil and insects)were collected from different regions and ecosystem of the province of Basra, during the period of the month of December 2014 to the month of September 2015. By setting traps, appropriate and specifically designed for this purpose, that supplied with special food to attract nematodes in the soil and catch insects found in those ecosystem, . and also to determine the best ways to isolate samples preserved and propagate them..Also, the study dealt with experiments for the propagation of the mites (which collect from insect samples) in the laboratory,by growth them on different growth media, for the purpose of immunological and genetic study, and the ability to be used in bio resistance and also to determine the sensitivity of the laboratory mice, that attacked by the mites through conducting hitological study of the skin of these animals..Results recorded two types of endo parasitic nematodes these areFamily : Steinernematidae1 - Steinernema feltiae2 - S. carpocapsaeAnd five species of mites, these areFamily : Histiomatidae2 - Histiostoma sp1 Family : Acaridae 1 - Cosmoglyphus barbisetusgrifolapholiotae 2 - Mycetosancassania Family : Macrochelidae Vitzthum, 1930 Macrocheles muscaedomesticae Family : Pyemotidaepymephorus tarsalis

تاثير بعض مستخلصات الطحلب الاخضر Chara vulgaris L. على البيوض والطور اليرقي لشريطية القطط Taenia taeniaeformis Batsch, 1786 == The Effect of Some Green Algae Extracts Chara vulgaris L. On The Eggs and The Cysticercus of Taenia taeniaeformis Batsch, 1786

Author name: عقیل عبد الصاحب عبد الحسین الوائلي
Supervisor name: باسم ھاشم عبد الله | عماد یوسف عواد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة بعض التاثيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية لدواء Paclitaxel المضاد للسرطان في الفئران المختبرية Mus musculus L. == Study of some physiological and histoloygical effects of the anticancer drug paclitaxel in laboratory mice Mus musculus L

Author name: ضحى طالب حميد الطائي
Supervisor name: سامي جبر المالكي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة تاثير دواء Paclitaxel المضاد للسرطان في الجوانب الفسيولوجية والكيموحيوية والنسجية في الفئران المختبرية البيض Mus musculus L. , اذ تم تقسيم ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها الى ثلاث مجاميع , تتكون كل مجموعة من ثمانية فئران هي : مجموعة السيطرة Control group : تتكون من 8)) ذكور و(8) اناث , حقنت بـ (0.2) مل من المحلول الفسيلوجي Normal Saline داخل الغشاء البريتوني (I.P) .مجموعة الجرعة الواطئة : تتكون من (8) ذكور و(8) اناث, حقنت بـ (0.2) مل من محلول دواء Paclitaxel بتركيز 12 ملغم / كغم داخل الغشاء البريتوني (I.P) .مجموعة الجرعة العالية : تتكون من (8) ذكور و(8) اناث , حقنت بـ (0.2 ) مل من محلول دواء Paclitaxel بتركيز 24 ملغم /كغم داخل الغشاء البريتوني (I.P) . وقد اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الحالية حدوث انخفاض معنوي في معايير الدم المتضمنة تعداد كريات الدم الحمر, وحجم الدم المضغوط وخضاب الدم في كل من ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها المعاملة بالجرعتين ( 12 و24) ملغم /كغم وانخفاض معنوي في معدل حجم الكرية الحمراء بالجرعة العالية في الاناث عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة . كما بينت النتائج انخفاضا معنويا في التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض والنسبة المئوية للخلايا الوحيدة والحبيبية في ذكور الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بعقار Paclitaxel بالجرعتين (12 و24) ملغم \كغم بينما لوحظ في الاناث انخفاض معنوي في العدد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض والنسبة المئوية للخلايا الوحيدة بالجرعتين والحبيبية بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم \كغم عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة, وارتفاع معنوي في النسبة المئوية للخلايا اللمفاوية بالجرعتين 12)و 24) ملغم \كغم لذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها. اظهرت النتائج وجود انخفاض معنوي في وزن جسم ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم / كغم فقط عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة. كما اوضحت النتائج حدوث انخفاض معنوي في نسبة خصوبة ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها (عدد الحوامل) المعاملة بعقار Paclitaxel بالجرعتين ( 12و24 ) ملغم / كغم , وحدوث انخفاض معنوي في عدد مواليد الامهات والذكور المعاملة بالجرعتين , كما اظهرت النتائج انخفاضا معنويا في اوزان المواليد عند اليوم الاول للولادة والاسابيع الخمسة بعد الولادة في ذكور الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بالجرعتين بينما لوحظ في الاناث المعاملة بالجرعتين (12 و24 ) ملغم \كغم انخفاض معنوي في اوزان الولادات عند اليوم الاول للولادة والاسابيع الثلاثة بعد الولادة وبالاسبوع الخامس بالجرعة العالية عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة . سبب دواء paclitaxel انخفاضا معنويا في اعداد الحيامن بالجرعتين 12)و (24ملغم /كغم وخلال المدتين 45, 30 يوما , بينما لم تظهر النتائج فرقا معنويا في تشوهات ذيل النطف ورؤوسها بالجرعتين وخلال المدتين عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة , فضلا عن ذلك بينت النتائج حدوث انخفاض معنوي في اعداد الحيامن السوية بالجرعتين وخلال المدتين. اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الهرمونية انخفاض معنوي في مستوى هرمون الشحمون الخصوي والهرمون المحفز للجريبات stimulating hormone (FSH) Follicle والهرمون اللوتيني Luteinizing hormone (LH) بالجرعتين في ذكور الفئران المختبرية, بينما لوحظ في الاناث انخفاض معنوي في هرمون الاستروجين بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم /كغم , وانخفاض في الهرمون المحفز للجريبات بالجرعتين عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . كما بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود ارتفاعا معنويا في مستوى انزيمات الكبد المتمثلة بانزيم Aspartate transaminase ( AST) و(Alanine transaminase ( ALT وAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم / كغم في ذكور الفئران المختبرية عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . كما اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ايضا انخفاض معنوي في مستوى البروتين الكلي في ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها عند معاملتها بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم / كغم فقط مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. اشارت نتائج الدراسة الحالية الى ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى الدهون المتعادلة ثلاثية الكليسريد بالجرعة العالية في كلا الجنسين وانخفاضا معنويا في مستوى الدهون المتعادلة ثلاثية الكليسريد في ذكور بالجرعة الواطئة 12 ملغم/كغم وارتفاعا معنويا في مستوى الكولسترول الكلي لمصل الدم في الذكورفقط بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم /ملغم وارتفاع معنوي في مستوى البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة High density lipoprotein في ذكور الفئران المعاملة بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم \كغم وبالجرعة الواطئة 12 ملغم \ كغم في الاناث , كما سبب الدواء انخفاضا معنويا في مستوى البروتين الكلي واطئ الكثافة جدا Very low density lipoproteinفي الذكور بالجرعة الواطئة عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . واظهر حقن دواء Paclitaxel في الفئران المختبرية حدوث ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى اليوريا لمصل دم ذكور بالجرعتين ( 12 و24 ) ملغم\كغم , بينما في الاناث بالجرعة العالية عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . واظهرت نتائج دراسة المقاطع النسجية في خصى الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بدواء Paclitaxel حدوث تحلل كامل في جدار معظم النبيبات المنوية وفرط تنسج في خلايا ليدك بالاضافة الى نزف في النسيج الضام البيني , وخلل تنسج Dysplasia . وبينت المقاطع النسجية في مبيض الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بالدواء حدوث احتقان بعض الاوعية الدموية , وتحلل خلية البيضة , وتنخر خلايا الطبقة الحبيبية وانفصالها عن خلية البيضة وعدم تكون طبقة خلايا الاكليل المشع Corona radiate بالاضافة الى تحلل نواة الحوصلة الثانوية . كما سبب دواء Paclitaxel تغيرات مرضية نسجية في كبد وكلى الفئران المختبرية , اذ اظهرت نتائج المقاطع النسجية لكبد ذكور الفئران واناثها المعاملة بالدواء حدوث تنخر وتنكس في الخلايا الكبدية ,وارتشاح الخلايا الالتهابية مع ظهور تشوه وتضخم انوية بعض الخلايا الكبدية وفرط تصبغ السايتوبلازم ,بالاضافة الى توسع الوريد المركزي والاوعية الدموية ,وتوسع الوريد البابي الكبدي واشباه الجيوب الكبدية واحتقانها . اظهرت الدراسة النسجية لكلى ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها المعاملة بالدواء حدوث تنخر بطانة النبيبات وتنكسها , وارتشاح في الخلايا الالتهابية مع ظهور تشوهات في الانوية وحدوث موت خلوي مبرمج , واحتقان في الاوعية الشعرية الدموية, وتوسع تجويف النبيب الملتوي القريب واختفاء حافته الفرشاية, وتوسع الاوعية الشعرية الدموية, ونزف وتضخم وفرط تنسج وتوسع, وتضيق حيز محفظة بومان في الكبيبة , وحؤول بطانة النبيبات, وانتفاخ بعض خلايا النبيبات الكلوية وتضخمها . | This study was designed to investigate the effects of the anticancer drug Paclitaxel on some physiological, Biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in albino laboratory mice Mus musculus L. , The male and female laboratory mice were divided into three groups, eight mice each : 1 - The control group (8) males and (8) females , all of them injected with (0.2)ml of physiological saline Intraperitoneal (I.P) .2 - The low dose group of (8) males and (8) females, all of them injected with (0.2) ml of 12 mg/kg paclitaxel , Intraperitoneal (I.P) . 3 - The high dose group of (8) males and (8) females, all of them injected with (0.2) ml of 24 mg/kg paclitaxel , Intraperitoneal (I.P) . The results of this study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in blood parameters that include red blood corpuscle (RBC) , packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) for both male and female mice were injected with two doses of paclitaxel (12,24) mg/kg and a significant decrease in mean cell Volume (MCV) that are treated with high dose. The results also showed a significant decrease in the total number of white blood cells and percentage of monocyte and granulocyte cells in male mice treated paclitaxel for both two doses (12,24) mg/kg . while in female mice the total number of white blood cells and percentage of monocyte cells were significant decreased with two doses and percentage of granulocyte cells with high doses 24 mg\kg in comparison with the control group, and a significant increase in percentage of lymphocyte in male and female mice were treated with the two doses(12,24) mg/kg. The results also exhibited a significant decreased in body weight of male and female mice in high dose 24 mg/kg only when compared with control group. The results exhibited a significant decrease in fertility of male and female mice treated with paclitaxel with two doses (12 ,24) mg\kg, there was a significant decrease also in number of newborns male and female treated with two doses, and there was a significant decrease in newborns weight in the first day of birth and the five weeks of birth with (12,24) mg/kg , while female treated with the two doses , there was a significant decrease in the first day of birth and subsequent three weeks after birth with the two dose and fifth week with the high dose ( 12 , 24) mg/kg in comparison with the control group . The results of this study also showed a significant decrease in sperm count treated in mice with the two doses after 30 - 45 days of birth . while no significant difference in malformation rate of sperm (head and tail) with the two doses through the same period in comparison with the control group . there was a significant decrease in the number of normal sperm through the same period with the two doses . The hormonal study showed a significant decrease in testosterone level and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) with both doses and luteinizing hormone (LH) level with two doses for male mice , in females there was a significant decrease in estrogen levels with high dose 24 mg\kg and a significant decrease in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) with two doses in comparison with control group. The present study showed a significant decrease in levels of liver enzymes Aspartate transaminase (AST) , Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in male mice were treated with high dose (24) mg/kg in comparison with control group . The present study also showed significant decreased in total protein in male and female mice treated with high dose (24) mg/kg only in compared with control group. The study showed a significant increase in triglycerides level in male and female mice that are treated with high dose and it also showed a significant decrease in triglycerides level in male mice with low dose 12 mg/kg .There is a significant increase in the total cholesterol level for serum in male mice only that are treated with high dose 24 mg/kg .The study showed a significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in male mice with high dose 24 mg/kg and even with the low dose 12 mg\kg in female mice . The drug causes a significant decrease in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in male mice that are treated with the low dose in comparison with the control group . Injection with paclitaxel in mice lead to a significant increase in urea level in serum for male mice that are treated with both doses (12,24) mg\kg in comparison with the control group. The results of the study of histological sections in male testis were treated with paclitaxel showed analysis in most seminiferous tubules , hyperplasia in leydig cell , bleeding in interstitial connective tissue and dysplasia. Histological sections in female mice ovary were treated with paclitaxel showed a congestion in some blood vessel , oocyte degeneration, necrosis of granular layer and separated from oocyte and degeneration of secondary follicle nuclei. Injection with paclitaxel leads to histopathological pathological changes in mice kidney and liver .The result of histopathological sections of liver in male and female mice were injected with paclitaxel showed necrosis and degeneration in hepatocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells with show malformation and hypertrophy of some hepatocytes nuclei , hyperchromic cytoplasm, also dilation in central vein and blood vessel , dilation and congestion of portal hepatic vein and sinusoids. The study of histological sections for male and female kidneys were treated with paclitaxel showed necrosis of endothelial tubules and infiltration of inflammatory cells with show malformation in nuclei and apoptosis , congestion in blood vessel , dilation in proximal distal tubules and absent of brush border , dilation capillaries , bleeding, hypertrophy , hyperplasia, dilation and narrow of bowman's capsule , metaplasia endothelial tubules , swelling cells and hypertrophy of some renal tubules cells .

دراسة بعض التاثيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية لمبيد دايمثويت في الفئران المختبرية البيض Mus musculus L. == Study of some Physiological and Histological Effects of Dimethoate pesticide in laboratory white mice Mus musculus L

Author name: صفا محمد حسين
Supervisor name: علي عبد اللطيف العلي | فارس شاكر كاطع
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة التاثيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية في بعض اعضاء الفئران المختبرية بعد حقنها بجرعتين من المبيد الحشري الفوسفوعضوي دايمثويت Dimethoate, اذ قسمت ذكور الفئران المختبرية الى ثلاث مجاميع وضمت كل مجموعة ثمان فئران وبالطريقة نفسها قسمت اناث الفئران وحقنت مجاميع الذكور والاناث كالاتي : - 1مجموعة السيطرة : حقنت بحجم 0.1 مل من المحلول الفسيولوجي .Normal saline 2 - مجموعة المعاملة الاولى Treated group 1 (T1) : حقنت بحجم 0.1 مل من محلول مبيد dimethoate وبتركيز 6ملغم/ كغم ولمدة 30 يوما ومثلت الجرعة الواطئة من المبيد. - 3 مجموعة المعاملة الثانية Treated group 2 (T2) : حقنت بحجم 0.1 مل من محلول مبيد dimethoate وبتركيز12 ملغم/ كغم ولمدة 30 يوما ومثلت الجرعة العالية من المبيد. بينت نتائج المعايير الدمية لذكور الفئران المختبرية وجود انخفاض معنوي في كل من عدد كريات الدم الحمر وخضاب الدم وحجم الدم المضغوط وبالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة, كما اظهرت النتائج انخفاض معنوي في معدل تركيز خضاب دم الكرية MCHC وبالجرعة 12 ملغم / كغم فقط ، اما في الاناث فقد انخفض معنويا عدد كريات الدم الحمر وحجم الدم المضغوط ومعدل حجم الكرية ومعدل تركيز خضاب دم الكرية وبالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم عند المقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة, في حين انخفض معنويا معدل خضاب الدم Hb بالجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم فقط عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة. اظهرت نتائج العد التفريقي لخلايا الدم البيض في ذكور الفئران انخفاضا معنويا في عدد خلايا الدم البيض الكلي وبالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم، كما انخفضت معنويا كل من النسبة المئوية للخلايا الحبيبية والوحيدة بالجرعة العالية 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة ,في حين انخفض عدد خلايا الدم البيض الكلي والنسبة المئوية للخلايا الحبيبية في اناث الفئران المحقونة بالجرعة 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط من المبيد عند المقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود انخفاض معنوي في اعداد الحيامن بالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم, ووجود ارتفاع معنوي في نسبة تشوهات رؤوس الحيامن وذيولها فضلا عن وجود انخفاض معنوي في اعداد الحيامن الطبيعية وبالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة. بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود انخفاض معنوي في الزيادة الوزنية لذكورالفئران المختبرية واناثها المعاملة بالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم من مبيد الدايمثويت مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. اوضحت النتائج عدم وجود فروق معنوية في مستوى انزيمات كبد ذكور الفئران المختبرية Aspartate transaminase (AST) وAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) المعاملة بالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم, فيما انخفض معنويا مستوى انزيم Alanine transaminase (ALT) بالجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم فقط مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة, في حين ارتفع معنويا مستوى انزيمات AST وALP لكبد اناث الفئران بالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم فضلا عن ارتفاع مستوى انزيم ALT وبالجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم فقط مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. كما اشارت النتائج الى ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى يوريا وكرياتنين المصل لذكور الفئران وبالجرعة 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط, كما ارتفع معنويا مستوى اليوريا فقط لمصل اناث التجربة بالجرعة العالية 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط ولم تظهر النتائج اي فارق معنوي في تركيز كل من اليوريا والكرياتنين لمصل مجموعة الجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. اظهرت نتائج فحص المقاطع النسجية لاعضاء الفئران المختبرية حدوث تغيرات نسجية مرضية في انسجة كبد وكلى ورئة وطحال وخصى ومبايض الفئران المحقونة بمبيد دايمثويت وبالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم واعتمدت شدة التغيرات على جرعة المبيد اذ ازدادت شدتها في الجرعة العالية 12 ملغم/ كغم, وتمثلت التغيرات في الكبد بحدوث تنكس Degeneration وتنخرNecrosis لبعض خلايا الكبد واحتقان دموي Congestion وتوسع Explansions في الوريد البابي والمركزي واشباه الجيوب الكبدية فضلا عن وجود نزف Hemorrhage في المساحة البابية وارتشاحInfiltration خلايا التهابية في مناطق متفرقة في الكبد, اظهرت التغيرات في الكلية تنكس بعض خلايا بطانة النبيبات في حين لوحظت خلايا اخرى متنخرة, اضافة الى انسلاخSloughing وحؤولMetaplasia بعض خلايا بطانة النبيبات بالاضافة الى احتقان ونزف وارتشاح خلايا التهابية في الكبيبات . اظهر الفحص النسجي لرئة الفئران المحقونة بجرعتي المبيد تغيرات نسجية مرضية متمثلة بوجود وذمات Odema وارتشاح خلايا التهابية بمناطق مختلفة ونزف واحتقان الاوعية الدموية, فضلا عن حدوث فرط تنسج Hyperplasia وانتفاخ Swelling الخلايا المبطنة للاسناخ الرئوية مما يسبب تضييق تجاويف تلك الاسناخ. اما في الطحال فقد تمثلت التغيرات النسجية بحدوث تضخم للعقيدات الطحالية وتوسع الاوعية الدموية وقلة في اعداد خلايا متعددة الانوية الكبيرة , فضلا عن حدوث زيادة في خلايا النسيج النخاعاني myloid tissue المكون للدم ووجود تكدس مواد غير حية شفافة materials Hayline بلون وردي في مناطق اللب الاحمر لاسيما حول العقيدات الطحالية . ادى الحقن بمبيد الدايمثويت الى حدوث تغيرات نسجية مرضية في انسجة خصى ومبايض الفئران المختبرية اذ تمثلت هذه التغيرات بحدوث تحلل كامل لمعظم الخلايا المكونة للحيامن في النبيبات المنوية مما يؤدي الى قلة اعدادها, كما لوحظ تسمك Thicking الغشاء القاعدي لبعض النبيبات المنوية فضلا عن احتقان الاوعية الدموية ووجود وذمات بين النبيبات, اما التغيرات النسجية التي حدثت في المبيض شملت حدوث فرط تنسج واحتقان الاوعية الدموية في برنكيما المبيض. | The physiological and histopathological changes were studied in some organs of laboratory mice injected with two doses of organophosphorus insecticide (Dimethoate). male mice were divided into three groups of eight animals per groups, and the same for females and male and female groups were injected as following : 1 - Control group : were intraperitonially (i.p) injected with 0.1 ml of normal saline.2 - Treated group 1 (T1) : were i.p injected with 0.1 ml of 6mg/kg of Dimethoate for a period of 30 days and represented as a low dose of the pesticide.3 - Treated group 2 (T2) : were i.p injected with 0.1 ml of 12 mg/kg of Dimethoate for a period of 30 days and represented as a high dose of the pesticide. The results of blood parameters in male mice showed a significant decrease in both of red blood corpuscle (RBC) count, hemoglobin Hb and Packed cell volume (PCV) of both doses (6,12mg/kg), and significant decrease in mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in dose of 6mg/kg only as compared with control group. while in female, both of RBC count,PCV, mean cell hemoglobin(MCH) and MCHC were significantly decreased in both doses (6,12mg/kg), a significant decreased in Hb in dose of 6mg/kg in comparision with control group were recorded. The results of differential WBC counts of male mice showed significant decrease in total WBC counts in mice injected by both doses (6,12mg/kg),also the percentage of monocytes and granulocytes were significantly decreased in dose of 12mg/kg only as compared with control group, while the WBC count and the percentage of granulocytes were significantly decresed in female injected with 12mg/kg only of pesticide as compared with control group. In the male mice injected with two doses (6,12mg/kg). the results of current study explained decrease significantely in sperm count, and significant increases in percentage of malformation rate of sperm heads and tails , as well as, significant decreases in normal sperm count when compared with control group. The results of present study showed significant decrease in weight gain for male and female laboratory mice treated with two doses (6,12mg/kg) of dimethoate in comparision with the control group. The present data showed no significant differences in the level of liver enzymes Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of male laboratory mice treated with two doses (6,12mg/kg), while significant decreased in the level of Alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme with dose of 6 mg/kg only as compared with control was noticed, while significantely increased in levels of liver enzymes (AST and ALP) in female mice with two doses (6,12mg/kg), as well as,there was a significant increased in level of ALT enzyme with dose 6 mg/kg only when comparision with control. The level of urea and creatinine serum significantly increased whith two doses (6,12mg/kg), and there was no significant difference with dose of 6mg/kg when compared with control, also, the level of urea significantly increased in the serum of female mice with 12 mg/kg only, and there was no significant differences with 6 mg/kg as compared with control group. The results of histological section for some organs of laboratory mice showed occurrence of histopathological changes in the tissues of liver,kidney,lungs,spleen,testis and ovaries of mice injected with doses (6,12mg/kg), and The severity of the effects were dependent on dose, Histopathological findings of liver included degeneration and necrosis of some liver cells, blood congestion and explansions in the portal vein,central vein and hepatic sunsoids, as well as, the presence of hemorrhage in the portal area, infiltration of inflammatory cells in scattered area of it. In the kidney, histopathological changes showed degeneration of some tubular epithelium,while other cells where observed necrotic, sloughing and metaplasia of some tubular lining cells, as well as, congestion, hemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the glumeruli. The histological examination of mice lungs were injected with two doses of dimethoate showed histopathological changes represented by the presence of edemas, infiltrations of inflammatory cells in different areas, hemorrhages and vascular congestion, as well as the occurrence of hyperplasia and swelling of cells lining of the pulmonary alveoli, causing narrowing cavities of those alveoli. In the spleen, the histological changes represented by occurrence of hypertrophy of the spleen nodules, expansion of blood vessels and decrease in the number of megalomultinucleated cells, as well as an increase in the cells of hematopoietic myloid tissue and presence of hyaline material, stained with pink color in the red pulp areas, especially around the spleen nodules. Injection with dimetoate caused histopathological changes in the testis and ovaries of laboratory mice represented by complete analysis of most spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules,leading to decrease their numbers ,we also observed thickening of the basement membrane of some seminal tubule ,as well as vascular congestion and deposition of a live materials in interstitial spaces ,while the histological changes that have occurred in the ovaries included hyperplasia and vascular congestion in the stroma in addition to decrease number of ovarian follicles and corpora leutea.

تقدير بعض العوامل البيئية والبكتريولوجية لمياه الصرف الصحي في محافظة البصرة / العراق == Assessment of some environmental and bacteriological factors of Wastewater in Basra Province, Iraq

Author name: سهى محمد علي محمد سعيد المظفر
Supervisor name: منال محمد اكبر | ميثم ايوب عبد القادر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة تاثير مياه الصرف الصحي على المحتوى البكتيري في محطة حمدان لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي /البصرة حيث تستلم المحطة مياه المجاري المنقولة عبر شبكة من الانابيب التي تستلم مياه المجاري من50% من مناطق مدينة البصرة. اختبرت ثلاث مواقع لاخذ العينات هي المحطة الاولى حوض التجميع الخارجي والمحطة الثانية حوض الترسيب الابتدائي اما المحطة الثالثة فهي المياه الخارجة من المحطة والتي تصب في شط البصرة.وشملت الدراسة ايضا قياس بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه المجاري وهي (الاس الهيدروجيني pH ودرجة الحرارة Temperature والملوحة Salinity والمتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين BOD5 والفوسفات والمواد الصلبة العالقة الكلية TSS والمواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية TDS والنتريت NO2 والنترات NO3) خلال الفترة من كانون الاول2014/ ولغاية ايار2015/.ويتضح من نتائج هذه الدراسة ان المتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين BOD5 هو عامل مهم وله علاقة باعداد البكتريا الكلية الموجودة في مياه الصرف الصحي.كما شملت حساب كثافة المجاميع البكتيرية المتواجدة في مياه المحطات.ولحساب العدد الكلي للمستعمرات البكتيرية اخذت عينات مياه الصرف الصحي وزرعت على اوساط عامة وانتخابية وتفريقية مختلفة استخدم وسط الاكار المغذي Nutrient Agarكما واستخدم وسط المانيتول الملحي الانتخابي Mannitol Salt Agarلعزل المكورات العنقودية الذهبية Staphylococcusaureus ووسط اكار الماكونكي MacConkey Agar لعزل بكتريا القولون البرازية Escherichiacoli ووسط AgarXLD الانتخابي التفريقي (Xylose lysine deoxycholate Agar ) لعزل انواع البكتريا التابعة لجنس السالمونيلا Salmonella.تم ايضا دراسة حساسية العزلات تجاه المضادات الحيوية باستخدام طريقة الانتشار عبر الاقراص Disc Diffusion Test حسب طريقة كربي باور Kirby Bauer Method. ان دراسة حساسية عزلات E. coli توصلت الى ان العزلات البكتيرية ابدت نسب مقاومة عالية لاغلب المضادات الحيوية المختبرة في هذه الدراسة ، كذلك ابدت المكورات العنقودية الذهبية مقاومة عالية لاغلب المضادات الحيوية في حين كانت حساسة لكل من كلورامفينيكول (C) وسيبروفلوكساسين (CIP) ونورفلوكساسين (NOR) وكانامايسين (K). كانت عزلات السالمونيلا متباينة في حساسيتها تجاه المضادات الحيوية المختبرة في هذه الدراسة لكن ابدت عدم مقاومة او مقاومة واطئة للمضاد الحيوي CIP وNOR . ابدت المجاميع البكتيرية المختلفة قيد الدراسة انماط مقاومة مختلفة تجاه المضادات الحيوية اذ ابدت انماط مقاومة مختلفة. وكذلك ابدت العزلات البكتيرية المعزولة من مياه الصرف الصحي مستويات مختلفة من التحمل لتراكيز المعادن الثقيلة ،فيما يخص عزلات E. coliابدت العزلات مستوى عال من التحمل للنيكل بلغ 64% من العزلات كان MIC لها 4mg/Lوللكادميوم فان نسبة 93% من العزلات كان MICلها 0.8mg/L. اما بالنسبة للمكورات العنقودية الذهبية فان 89% من العزلات كان MIC لها 2mg/L لعنصر النيكلوبالنسبة للكادميوم فان 33% من العزلات كان MIC لها 0.4mg/L .وبالنسبة للسالمونيلا كان تحمل 100% من العزلات لعنصر النيكل هو عند 2mg/L في حين كان 50% من العزلات MIC لها 4mg/L كحد اقصى لعنصر الكادميوم. | The present study has been conducted to detect the effect of different parameters of sewage on microbial content at Hammdan for wastewater treatment in Basra city. The station receive sewage transported via net of pipes from different parts of Basra city .Three sites in the station for taking samples ,the first site is the external collection basin, the second site is primary sedimentation basin, the third site is water output that carry the water after treatment to flow at Shatt al Basra. Some characteristics of sewage were measured, these include pH, Temperature, Salinity, BOD5, TDS, TSS, Phosphate, NO2 and NO3 from period December/2014 to May/2015. In this study it is clear that BOD5 is an important factor related to total bacterial count in sewage. The bacteriological study of sewage has been done including measurement of total count of bacteria isolation and counting of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. From different stations selective media is used for isolation including Nutrient Agar , MacConkey Agar , Mannitol salt Agar and XLD Agar . The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates towards selected antibiotics have been studied using disc diffusion test. In the present study E. coli isolates showed high percentage of resistance to most of antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus also showed high percentage resistance to most of antibiotics studied and found susceptibility to Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Kanamycin. Variable suceptibility to tested antibiotics in the present study has been shown by Salmonella spp., Salmonella spp. were susceptible or show low resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin .Different Antibiotics Resistance Profiles has been shown by different bacteria groups studies. The bacterial isolates from sewage in this study have shown different levels of tolerance to different heavy metals (Nickel and Cadmium). E. coli tolerate high concentration for Nickel (%64) and for Cadmium (%93). High tolerance level for Cadmium has been shown for Salmonella spp (%50).

دراسة مقارنة لتاثير هرمون النمو في عضلات وCyprinus مناسل سمكتي الكارب الاعتيادي والبلطي احمر البطن carpio (L. 1758) Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848 == A Comparative Study to the Effect of Growth Hormone on Muscles and Gonads of Carp Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) and Tilapia Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848)

Author name: سعد محمد صالح عبد الصمد
Supervisor name: عقيل جميل منصور | عبد الكريم طاهر يسر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In the present study, the effect of human growth hormone on the muscles and gonads of common carp Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) and red belly tilapia Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) was studied by : - 1 - Studying the effect of human growth hormone on the growth of the two studied species by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of three replicates of control with 120 μg of normal saline / g Body weight and two doses (low and high) with 60 and 120 μg of human growth hormone / g Body weight respectively for both species, then changes were followed up in each treatment after every two weeks of injection by : - a - Pursue histological changes in the muscular tissue by using Cell Profiler software for the first time in Iraq. b - Pursue changes in chemical components ratios of body muscles.c - Measuring of specific growth rate and length - weight relationship for fishes.2 - Studying of human growth hormone effect on the gonads of fishes (adult males and females) with 60 males for each species and a same number of females, all of them injected either with low or high dose with 60 or 120 μg of human growth hormone / g Body weight respectively for both species or with 120 μg of normal saline / g Body weight in fishes of control. This experiment had achieved in a month.3 - Knowing the direct effect of human growth hormone on the follicles by implementing an in vitro experiment with the follicles of carp which implanted in basic salt solution (BBS) then growth hormone was added to the test tubes with two concentrations 5 μg/ ml and 10 μg/ ml, the control follicles were implanted in normal saline. The results of the study revealed that the maximum rate of percentages of the muscle fibers with area less than 314 μm2 for region R1(Dorsal side) was 88.29 % in carp in high dose treatment after the eighth week of injection, while it was 88.00 % for tilapia in high dose treatment after the eighth week of injection, too.In the region R2 (in tail) the maximum rate of percentages of muscle fibers with area less than 314 μm2 was recorded after the eighth week from the beginning of injection was 73.3553 % for carp in high dose treatment and 85.935% for tilapia in high dose treatment.The results showed that 1.00984 and 1.000074 were the highest and the lowest values of condition factor for carp respectively. For tilapia those were 1.009993 and 1.000151 the highest and the lowest values of it respectively.The rate of specific growth rate for length was 0.3616 and 0.44866 cm/day% for carp and tilapia respectively. While the specific growth rates for weight were higher than the comparable one for length and were 1.3489 g/day% for carp and 1.6085 g/day% for tilapia.The results exhibited that the rates of protein percentages for both species in the all treatments in general tend to be higher with progressing of experimental time. Muscle water content percentage rate varied with difference of dose and experimental time. The maximum rate of fat percentage in both species was in control treatment after two weeks of hormone administration.The highest rate of carp male Gonadosomatic index was 6.55% in high dose treatment after the third week of injection, as for tilapia males was 6.103% in low dose treatment after the third week of injection, while the lowest value for this index was recorded after the first week of injection in high dose treatment which as 2.81 and 2.89% for carp and tilapia respectively. For females the highest rate of Gonadosomatic index was in high dose treatment after the third week of injection for both species which was 11.001 and 6.0624% for carp and tilapia respectively. As for the lowest rate of carp female Gonadosomatic index was recorded in control treatment after the first week of injection it was 5.54%, while the lowest rate of this index for tilapia females was 2.99% in low dose treatment after the first week of injection.In the experiment of direct effect of this hormone on the follicles of carp it was found that the highest value of polarization index was 4.12 which recorded in high dose treatment after 48 hours of incubation while it reached the lowest value which was 3.031 in high dose treatment after 24 hours ofincubation.

دراسة تشخيصية مظهرية وجزيئية للشريطيات المتطفلة على نورس مستدق المنقار Larus genei والكرسوع Himantopus himantopus شمال محافظة البصرة == Diagnostic, Morphological and Molecular Studies on some cestodes parasitized on Larus genei and Himantopus himantopus , North of Basrah province

Author name: سحر محمد علي محمد سعيد المظفر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: During the period from August 2015 to July 2016, fifty three aquatic birds of Larus genei (slender - billed Gull) family Laridae and 52 of Himantopus himantopus family Recurvirostridae were collected from Al - masehab marsh north of Basrah Province.The current study was focused on these two birds due to its economic importance to the local people of the study area. These two birds were found infected with 10 species of cestodes. Echinocotyle longirostris and Infula burhini were recorded for the first time in Iraq. Larus genei was considered as a new host of Wardium fusa.The isolated cestodes were described and compared with other recorded species at different parts of Iraq and the world.The percentage and the mean intensity of infection of these 10 species of cestodes were counted monthly and seasonly together with single, double and trible infection during the whole year. The main percentage infection was reached to 95.2% and the main intensity was 13.49. In L. genei the percentage and mean intensity were 90.5% and 15.4 recepectively, while for H. himantopus were 100% and 11.8 recpectively. In L. genei the high percentage infection was found in August 2015 and September , November, and December 2016, and during March, April, May, June and July for H. himantopus. A significant difference was recorded between the percentage and the mean intensity of infection.Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique with random 6 primers was used to distinguish between Infula burhini and Acoleus vaginatus wich isolated from the bird H. himantopus due to the morphological similarities.The Scanning Electron Microscope (Pharmacy College, Basrah University) was used to photograph the scolex of A. vaginatus and I. burhini.

دراسة مظهرية وجزيئية بتقنية RAPD لبعض الاصناف الغيبانية لنخيل التمر في البصرة == Morphological and Molecular Study by RAPD Technique for Some Un Known (Ghaibany)Cultivars date - palme In Basrah

Author name: زينب شعلان عبد الرزاق علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية اثناء الموسم الزراعي للعام 2015م على احد عشر صنفا بذريا (غيباني) لنخيل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L. النامية في البصرة وهي اصناف جديدة تسجل لاول مرة, درست ثمان وعشرون صفة من صفات النمو الخضري, وست وعشرون صفة من الصفات الثمرية كما. درست صفات البذور, فتبين ان الاصناف المدروسة اختلفت في الخواص الخضرية والثمرية, اذ اظهرت الدراسة ان كلا الصنفين نبوي والصنف نجمة تميزا بشكل التاج الشبه منفتح في حين كانت الاصناف الباقية مضمومة التاج. وكذلك انفرد الصنف نجمة عن باقي الاصناف بلون الاوراق الاخضر الشمعي. وتراوح معدل طول الورقة من 2.68 م في صنف الوردية الى 4.35م في الصنف نمروشة, كما تراوح معدل طول منطقة الاشواك من 56 سم في صنف دكلة عبد الى 160سم في الصنف ام اللسين. وتباينت الاصناف في معدل عدد الاشواك فكان ما بين 18 شوكة في الصنف وردية الى 47 شوكة في الصنف ام اللسين. واختلفت الاصناف بنمط ترتيب الاشواك على المحور الوسطي فقد انفرد الصنف برماني بنمط توزيع الاشواك الثنائي وامتاز الصنف وردية بالنمط المفرد الثنائي في حين كان النمط المفرد هو السائد في الاصناف الباقية, واتضح من الدراسة ان النسبة المئوية لطول منطقة الاشواك الى طول الورقة الكلي هي من الصفات التي تتسم بالثبات دونا عن باقي الصفات الخضرية. اما بالنسبة للخواص الثمرية فقد تراوح معدل طول العرجون للاصناف المدروسة مابين 66 سم في الصنف رحماني الى 152سم في الصنف برماني والذي يعد من العراجين الطويلة, وانفرد الصنف دكلة داود بلون العرجون الاصفر المائل للوردي اما الصنفين برماني ونجمة فقد كان لون العراجين فيهما اخضر في حين كان لون العراجين في الصنفين وردية ونبوي اصفر يميل للاخضرار واصفر في باقي الاصناف. اما الخواص الفيزيائية المدروسة للثمار فقد سجل الصنف دكل داود اقل المعدلات في حجم الثمرة في مرحلتي الخلال والتمر والتي كانت 5سم3 و2.6سم3 على التوالي, وامتاز الصنف الزريجي بكبر حجم ثماره لكلا المرحلتين الخلال والتمر 17سم3 و10.24سم3 على التوالي, وتبين ان طعم الخلال في الاصناف وردية ودكلة عبد والصنف رحماني والصنف زريجي عفصي اما الاصناف الباقية فهي حلوة المذاق. وامتاز الصنف نجمة بكونه مبكر جدا في موعد النضج وكانت الاصناف الباقية مبكرة النضج في حين كان الصنف برماني متوسط النضج, وامتازت اصناف الدراسة بكون التمور فيها طرية القوام عدا الصنف رحماني الذي كان قوام التمر فيه شبه جاف. واستخدمت الدراسة برنامج التحليل الالي لتحليل المكونات الرئيسة للثمار في مرحلة الخلال, فتبين ان الاصناف انقسمت بمجموعتين وحسب التقارب في البيانات المغذاة للبرنامج فانعزل الصنف الزريجي بمجموعة مستقلة لكون بياناته متفردة, اما المجموعة الثانية فقد توزعت الاصناف فيها الى تحت مجموعة, صغرى ضمت الاصناف دكلة داود ونجمة واقترب منهما الصنف وردية, اما الاصناف الباقية فتوزعت هي الاخرى بتحت مجموعتين. استخدمت الدراسة الجزيئية تقانة PCR RAPD لتثبيت البصمة الوراثية للاصناف المدروسة ولكشف الارتباط الوراثي بينها, وجرى باختبار عشرة بادئات عشوائية من مجموعة OPA وبادئان من مجموعة OPB. تم تحليل نواتج التفاعلات للبادئات مع Genomic DNA الاصناف كافة وكل على حده لتحديد مدى كفات البادئ فكانت النتيجة ان اربعة من البادئات ( OPA0.2 وOPA0.3 وOPA0.5 وOPA0.6) نجحت في كشف التباين بين الاصناف المدروسة, وبينت نتائج التحليل العنقودي للنواتج التفاعلات للبادئات ان الاصناف توزعت بمجموعتين, صغرى ضمت كل من الاصناف زريجي ونمروشة والصنف ام اللسين ومجموعة كبرى ضمت الاصناف الباقية, وقد توزعت فيها الاصناف الى تحت مجموعة ثانوية. مما يشير الى الاصول المشتركة, وبينت الدراسة امكانية انتخاب اصناف بذرية تمتاز بخصائص ثمرية جيدة وتكثيرها لدعم الاقتصاد الوطني. | This study was performed during agronomic season in 2015 on 11 cultivars (ghaibany) Phoenix dactylifera L. that grow in basrah, and these cultivars are new recorder. Twenty eight characteristics of vegetative growth were studied, seed characteristics were studied also. It was concluded that the studied cultivars varied in there vegetative and fruit qualities. The study showed that both cv Nabawy and cv Najma distinguished by semi - opened crown but the other cultivars had closed crown . In addition, cv Najma marked by waxen green leaves. The rate of leaf length ranged from 2.68 m in. cv Wardiah to 4.35m in cv Nammrosha. besides the length of spine area ranged from 56 cm in cv Deglat Abd cultivars to 160 cm in cv Am - Ellsian. The cultivars also varied in the rate of spine number which was 18 in cv Wardiah an 47 in cv Am - Ellsian. The cultivars differed in the style of spine arrangement on rachis since cv Bermany distinguished by the dual style of spine arrangement, while in cv Wardiah marked by single dual style, however the single style was prevalent in other cultivars. The study clarified that the percentage between spine area to the total length of the leaf was one of qualities that characterized by stability that differed from other vegetative characteristics. As for fruit characteristics, the length of peduncle of cultivars concerned ranged from 66 in cv Rahmany cultivars to 152 in Bermany and that was regarded long peduncle. cv Deglat Dawood marked by colour of peduncle which was yellow look like rosy, whereas cv Bermany and cv Najma the colour of their peduncle were yellow look like green and yellow in the rest. As for physical characteristics of studied fruit, cv Deglat Dawood recorded the lowest rates in the volume of fruit during the phases of khalal and dates, the volume was 5 c.m and 2.6 c.m respectively, cv Zraigai distinguished by the bigness of the volume of the fruit for both phases of khalal and date 17c.m and 10.24 c.m. The taste of khalal in the cultivars of cv Deglat Abd, cv Wardiah, Rahmany, cv Zreigai was tannic while the taste of other cultivars were sweet. cv Najma cultivars distinguished by being so early in maturity, the other cultivars were early in maturity but cv Bermany was middle in maturity. The dates of studied cultivars were soft except cv Rahmany that was semi - dry. The study used a program of automatic analysis to analyze the main components of fruit in khalal phases the, it became clear that the cultivars divided into two groups according to the convergence data that fed to the program. cv Zraigai cultivars was isolated in independent group because its data were unique, but the second group ,cultivars in which were classified in small group included cultivars of cv Deglat Dawood and cv Najma and cv Wardiah approached to this group. The other cultivars classified into two groups.The molecular study used P C R RAPD technique to fix genetic print of studied cultivars and to discover the genetic link among them. Ten of random primers of OPA group were tested and two of OPB were tested too. The products of reaction of primers were analyzed Genomic DNA for cultivars totally and individually; to determine the efficiency of primer the results was that for of primers succeeded in discovering the variation among cultivars concerned. The result of cluster analysis of reaction products of primers showed that the cultivars divided into two groups : small group included cv Zairgai, cv Nammrosha and cv Am - Ellsian cultivars, and big group contained the other cultivars in which cultivars distributed into secondary group and that refer to the common origin. The study showed the ability of electing and increasing Ghaibany cultivars that marked by good characteristics to support national economy

دراسة المايكوبلازما المصاحبة لحالات العقم في الرجال في محافظة البصرة == Study of Mycoplasma associated with men infertility in Basrah province

Author name: زهراء كاتب جمعة
Supervisor name: غيداء جاسم عبد النبي الغزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aimed current was to determine the role of Mycoplasma in men infertility in Basrah province . A100 seminal fluid specimens were collected from men who were admitted to infertility center in Basrah province from 1/10/2015 to 31/5/2016 .Besides 50 semen specimens were collected from those who determine fertility men as control group. Samples then were cultured on Monophasic - Diphasic - Culture - Setup(MDCS) to isolation Mycoplasma then the samples were cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Chocolate agar to isolation bacteria other than Mycoplasma .The isolated Mycoplasma from 48 cases were concluded five species : Ureaplasma urealyticum 38% ; Mycoplasma hominis 21%;Mycoplasma genitalium 15% ; Mycoplasma pirum 15% and Mycoplasma fermentans 11% . Where the last two species are first recorded in Iraq from semen.This Study also recorded that the patients of 30 - 39 years old were of high infertility rate and Mycoplasma infection percentage.High the percentage of a single infection was related to U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis .By using the double Vitek 2 system 22 other bacterial species were diagnosed from seminal fluid. some of these species were first recorded in Iraq and represented types next : Staphylococcus haemolyticus ,,Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus hominis , Staphylococcus warneri ,Kocuria rosea , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Kocuria kristinae ,Granulicatella elegans , Vibrio cholera , Aeromonas salmonicida ,Enterococcus faecium , Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae ,Alcaligenes faecalis , Staphylococcus xylosus , Micrococcus lutes ,Granulicatella adiacens, Kocuria varians,And the most exhibited and isolated bacterial species was of Staphylococcus haemolyticus.Mycoplasma infection were noticed in patients who were suffering from other diseases like varicose 18.75% and diabetes 8.33% and bladder nerve pressure 4.16% .In this study the primary infertility was 82% included 39 cases infected with Mycoplasma , while for the secondary infertility 18% nine cases were infected with Mycoplasma .High infection rate of Mycoplasma 69.23% was recorded in patients who underwent a varicose other Surgery compare with the other patients.Mycoplasma infection for the five species was clear quantity and quality in semen analysis for infertile men was less than control group .Where the semen volume was very small and the sperms count was effect on also the sperm morphology and activity (mobility) were affected by Mycoplasma infection . Pus cells and RBC. Were appeared in semen.This study also , confirmed that there is a 7% of semen from infertile men , was free from bacterial infection.

عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع من بكتريا المايكوبلازما من عينات سريرية في مدينة البصرة == Isolation and identification of some Mycoplasma species from clinical samples in Basrah city

Author name: رواء صادق مجيد
Supervisor name: غيداء جاسم عبد النبي الغزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In the present study , a total of 150 clinical samples were collected (50 samples of sputum ,50 swabs of gingiva and 50 vaginal swabs ) from patients visited Basrah general hospital and from the 1st specialized center of dental medicine in the city of Basrah . This study extended from January 2015 to May 2015. Samples were taken from males and females (except vaginal swabs where were collected from females only) .Their ages ranged from 6 - 70 years old. These samples were collected and cultured in a method monophasic - diphasic culture setup ( MDCS ) . Three types of Mycoplasma were isolated : Mycoplasma pneumoniae from sputum , Mycoplasma salivarium from gingival swabs and Ureaplasma urealyticum from vaginal swabs .These isolates diagnosed by biochemical tests and PCR. Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from 76 individuals out of 150 enrolled in this study, infection rate was 50.5% , 25 cases were diagnosed as M. pneumoniae (50%) , 13 cases were diagnosed as M. salivarium (26%) and 38 cases were diagnosed as U. urealyticum (76%).Mycoplasma was studied in related with two factors : sex and age . In this study, the Mycoplasma medium is modified , egg yolk was used instead of horse serum as source of cholesterol and also used two amino acids Arginine and Cysteine as well as urea ( when diagnosing U. urealyticum ) to support Mycoplasma growth. Besides that , thallium acetate was replaced by sodium benzoate , finally , magnesium sulfate was used as a sign of ammonia when diagnosing U. urealyticum.In this study , PCR technique used to diagnose species of Mycoplasma using ATPase gene ,16s rRNA gene and Urease gene .Sixty - eight isolates were identified by PCR technique , 25 of them were M. pneumoniae , 13 were M. salivarium and 32 were U. urealyticum.

دراسة تعدد الاشكال الوراثية لجين GSTPI في مرض السكري من النوع الثاني لعينة مرضى في محافظة البصرة وعلاقتها بدهون مصل الدم == Genetic Polymorphism of Gultathion - S - Transferase GSTPI in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and it's Correlation with Blood Serum lipid Profile in Basrah Province

Author name: حنين صباح عبد الصمد
Supervisor name: فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the relationships between the T2DM patients and the genotypes of glutathione S - transferase P1, and the measurements of blood serum lipid profile of patients and control. The study included 60 blood samples from patients and 40 blood sample from controls of Iraqi individuals. The sixty individual with T2DM were diagnosed according to the American diabetes Association criteria (American diabetes Association, 2007), their age ranged were between 35 - 75 years randomly selected from those attending the Diabetes Center /Al - Moanaa Hospital for treatment with history of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Sera and blood were used as sample, The measured parameters in serum included (Biochemical testes) : Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Total Cholesrtol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very high density lipoprotein (VLDL). In Addition to Body Mass Index (BMI) .Moreover, the correlation between genotyping of glutathione S - transferase P1 and all studied parameters was carried out. Molecular studies involved DNA extraction and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - Retraction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). to investigate the genetic polymorphism of glutathione S - transferase pi gene class for individuals of this study .Molecular study was conducted in the laboratory of molecular Biology, Department of Biology for pure Sciences college at Basra University .The result showed that Sex, BMI, HDL, LDL and VLDL values for patients and control were not significant while for the level of FBG in patients and control it showed significantly difference (P=0.000). This study revealed significant Positive Correlation between cholesterol and triglyceride (P=0.01). while the Correlation coefficient between Triglyceride & HDL,VLDL individually also between HDL and LDL ,VLDL and LDL with VLDL individually was not significant furthermore FBG and Cholesterol showed positive significant Correlation .The result of genetic polymorphism of GSTPI distribution among studied groups showed rise developing risk of Type 2 Diabetes in patients about 2 - fold in carries heterozygous Ile/Val genotype with an ( OR=2.90; 95% Cl= 1.077 - 7.827, p=0.31) and allele frequency 0.69.,and there is an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes in patients about 2and half - fold in carries of The homozygous Val/Val genotype in patients with an (OR=2.58, 95%CI=0.625 - 10.662, p=0.171). the heterozygote distribution (2Pq ) of Patients was 0.427 while in control 0.268 and it was not stable according to Hardy - Winderg question.According to data mentioned above the GSTPI genotype polymorphism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM while its effect on all lipid profile indicator did not show any significant difference.

بعض الجوانب الحياتية للروبيان الدخيل والروبيان Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan,1849) من Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) بعض المواقع المائية في محافظة البصرة == Some Biological aspects of the Invasive Shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan,1849) and The Shrimp Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) from some Aquatic sites of the Basrah province

Author name: انوار مالك جبار المالكي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study intended to shed the light on some biological aspects of the invasive oriental river Shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense compared with that of Jinga shrimp Metapenaeus affinis . For this purpose, Monthly samples were collected and chosen from four Aquatic sites was chosen in the Basrah province (one at each of Al - Mashab and Al - Sallal Marshes and two at Al - Garmah River) during the period from July 2015 to June 2016. collection was done by Fishnet pulled by a boat .The Shrimp numbers were calculated during the time unit (ind./hour) .The Water’s temperature and salinity were studied, it ranged from 15 - 33 ͦ c and 2 - 9.1psu respectively. From a total of 3326, individuals were collected during the study period, only 7% were belong to the first shrimp (M. nipponense ) Compared with 93% to the second shrimp( M. affinis ).The number of each species studied shrimps, varied the monthly. The high number of M. nipponense was 38(ind./hour) recorded during July 2015 and June 2016, while the lowest was 2 (ind./hour) recorded during October and November 2015 . For M. affinis The number of individuals ranged between 980(ind./hour) during August 2015 and 29 (ind./hour) during November 2015 .The comparative monthly percentages were high during seven and six months in the marshes sites recorded for first and second shrimp respectively. The monthly variation in percentages of the two species of shrimps was studied, It ranged (for M. affinis) from 98.8% during August 2015 to 56.8% during July 2015 , while for M. nipponense , It ranged from 43.2% during July 2015 to 1.2% during August 2015 .The results of Frequency showed that the highest percent (100%) was recorded in four months for M. nipponense , these are July, October 2015 February and May 2016. While M. affinis was recorded in most months.Summary bThe population sizes for the two species were studied. For the first species( M. nipponense ), the size class 50 - 60mm dominant during all months of the study period, While for the second species (M. affinis), the size classes 40 - 50, 50 - 60, 60 - 70, and 70 - 80 were recorded during all the months for the first shrimp, the highest percent was 47.3% recorded for the size class 70 - 80 mm , While there is no individuals recorded for the size class 10 - 20 mm during all the months except July 2015 for the second shrimps ,the percentage ranged between 41.4% and less than 1% recorded during May 2016 to March 2016 respectively. On the other hand , the total Frequency for M. nipponense ranged from 83.3% to 0% for the size classes 70 - 80 mm and 10 - 20 mm respectively, While for M. affinis was from 100% recorded for the classes 40 - 50, 50 - 60, 60 - 70 and 70 - 80mm to 8.3% for the class .The Length - Length and Length - weight relationships for the two species were studied The results showed positive correlation between the total length and each of cephalothorax length and abdomen length (r= 0.932 and r= 0.945 respectively, P≤0.01 ) for M. nipponense , Also M. affinis , the correlation was positive for the total length and each of cephalothorax length(r= 0.938) and abdomen length (r= 0.971) (P≤0.01 ) . The correlation was positive between the total length and wet weight for each M. nipponense (r= 0.918 P≤0.01) and M. affinis (r= 0.913 P≤0.01).The Statistical analysis for the weight - weight relationships showed positive correlation between dry and wet weight for M. nipponense (r= 0.966, P≤0.01) and M. affinis (r= 0.918 P≤0.01).The correlation between the lengths of the body and the 2nd chela for male & female of M. nipponense (r= 0.909 and r= 0.823 respectively), these values of correlation refer to the continuous growth of the 2nd chela in male even after the adult stage .Summary cThe concentrations of ten heavy and light metals in shells & muscles of the two shrimps were studied. The results showed a significant differences in eight of them (Cadmium, Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Nickel, Zinc and Sodium) . While there is no significant differences recorded for Lead and Cobalt .The study of some biological aspect which concerned with distribution of eggs on pleopods of females of M. nipponense , showed that the highest mean of eggs was 547.3 (38%) carried on the 2nd pleopod while there are fewer means carried on 1st and 3rd pleopods , and no carry eggs (0%)were carried on the 5th pleopod. The Statistical analysis showed that there was significant differences between the eggs carried on 4th and 5th pleopods and each of the rest ones . lengths of pleopod was positively correlated with the number of eggs (r= 0.661, P≤0.01) The weight of ovigerous female was positively correlated with weight of eggs (r= 0.835, P≤0.01) .The combined effects of salinity and temperature on survival of newly hatched larvae (zoea1 and zoea2) of M. nipponense for 24 & 48 hours’ were tested.The highest survival percentage (100%) for zoea1 was recorded in 12 psu salinity in each of 18, 22 and 26 ͦ c ,While the lowest survival (0%) was recorded in distal water in each 30 and 34 ͦ c . the highest survival percentage was recorded in 12 psu salinity in each 18, 22, 26 and 30 ͦ c. While the lowest one recorded in distal water and 34 ͦ c. The Statistical analysis showed that the percentage survival correlates negatively with temperature and positively with salinity each alone. the combined effect of salinity and temperature on survival was positive with percentage ranged between 38 - 56 % .

دراسة تصنيفية وبيئية لحشرات نصفية الاجنحة المائية وشبة المائية Heteroptera : Hemiptera في محافظة البصرة == Taxonomical And Ecological Study of Aquatic And Semiaquatic Insects(Heteroptera : Hemiptera) In Basrah Provience

Author name: اسماء عبد الزهرة سبع العيداني
Supervisor name: ضياء خليف كريم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Present studies dealing with the taxonomical and ecological studies of the aquatic Hemiptera : Heteroptera in eight stations in Basrah provience ,which are : Al - Medina , Al - Qurna , Basrah center ,Shat Al - Arab , Al - Zubair , Abu Al - Khasib , Al - Faw and Sullein Marsh, collection was done twise monthly during the period from April 2012 to March 2013 .Results showed the presence of nine species belonging to aquatic Hemiptera , three belonging the group Gerromorpha and six the group Nepomorpha,as follows : Group : Gerromorpha(Popov,1971)Family : Gerridae ( Leach , 1815)1 - Aquarius nebularis(Schellenberg,1800)Family : Mesoveliidae(Douglast and Scott , 1867 )2 - Mesovelia vettigera( Horvath , 1895 ) ( apterous )M .vettigera( Horvath , 1895 ) ( macropterous )Family : Macroveliidae3 - Macrovelia hornii(Uhler , 1872 )Grouop : Nepomorpha(Popov,1968)Family : Nepidae ( Latreille , 1802 )4 - Nepa cinerea( Linnaeus , 1758 )Family : Corixidae ( Leach,1815 )Subfamily : Cymatianiae ( Walton , 1940 )5 - Cymatia bonsdorffii(Sahlberg , 1819 )Subfamily : Corixinae ( Leach , 1815 )6 - Sigara(Vermicorixa) latelaris ( Leach , 1815 )Family : Belostomatidae ( Leach , 1815 )7 - Lethocerus fakir(Mayr , 1852)Family : Notonectidae ( Latreille , 1802 )8 - Anisops sardeus(Herrich - Schaeffer , 1849)AbstractBFamily : Pleidae ( Fieber , 1851 )9 - Plea leachi(McGregor and Kirdaldy,1899)Among the collected species ,six were regarded as new records to the Iraqi fauna of this order,they were : A. nebularis,M. vettigera( macrpterous) , M . vettigera( apterous), Ma.hornii , N.cinerea , C.bonsdorffii andP.leachi.Study also deal with the measuring of some ecological aspects like air and water temperatures , salinity , pH and dissolved oxygen ,and their effected on the monthly distribution of the aquatic Hemiptera. Temperature was the most effective aspect in the monthly distribution of the insects ,as the lowest numbers were recorded in Summer months and the highest number were in Winter months , the ranges of the air temperatures were 9 - 43º C and water temperatures were 2 - 33º C .The highest concentrations of salinity was recorded in Al - Zubair , Abu Al - Khasib and Al - Faw reached to 35g/l in Al - Zubair in July , the pH ranges were the same in all stations and was alkalid , their ranges were 7.3 - 7.8 , about the dissolved oxygen it was low and same in all stations except in Sullein Marsh which reached to 11 mg/l in January .The concentration of some heavy metals in water also studied like Fe, Pb, Cu and Zn , the highest concentrations were to Fe and Zn in Basrah center and Al - Zubair, and the highest concentration for Fe in Al - Zubair reached to 6362.21μ/L in August, while highest concentration for Zn in Basrah center reached to 1365.92μ/L in July, while in the other stations the concentrations were lowest .The study also used the water boatmen Sigara latelaris(Leach,1817) as bioindicators of heavy metals pollution in the water of Basrah provience , and taken Sullein marsh as control , and measuring the concentrations of the heavy metals in insects tissues , water and sediments , the results showed that the insects collected from the water of the center of the city can accumulate Fe andAbstractCZn in their tissues and the highest concentrations reached to 3562.16 and 3778.12 μ /gm for Fe and Zn in July , while in the insects taken from Sullein marsh were 286.25 and 285.17 μ /gm .The concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediments of the city center were measured and the highest concentration was for Fe and Zn , and reached to 1569.91 and 1365.91 μ /L of the water of city center , while reached to 215.01 and 223.14 from the same metals in the water of Sullein marsh , the concentrations of the same metals were recorded in sediments of the city center and reached to 2865.16 and 1982.56 μ /gm for Fe and Zn , and the highest concentrations of the same metals in Sullein marsh were 418.57 and 393.74 μ /gm .
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