Author name:
حسين علي فليح
Supervisor name:
علي محمد كريم المشهداني
Abstract:
Counting on the agricultural sector in most countries of the world especially in third world countries as a source of income and food and essential element in food security. As the agricultural sector occupies a privileged position in Iraq among the various sectors of the economy, as it is the primary source for the provision of food for the population, as well as so that a large proportion of the population working in this sector. Serious attention and did not begin to agriculture and irrigation in Iraq but in 1917 while occupying British forces realized in Iraq, the need for adequate food production for its troops first, and then secondly to the people of the country, creating Accordingly, the agricultural department in 1917 and the other for irrigation in 1918, supervised by officers from the British and the Indians who possess information in the field of irrigation and agriculture. As concerned with the occupation authorities dug some tables and cleared service to the occupation and its policy, and has set up agricultural projects serving the British industry, including the cultivation of cotton, as well as on land Aloqtain distribution. As a result of this policy has remained underdeveloped Iraqi agriculture as a result of feudalism and heavy taxes. After the formation of the national government in Iraq in 1921 that its owner undergo Iraq the British Mandate, the intention to pay attention to the affairs of Irrigation and Agriculture has established a 1922 Department of Agriculture. Then it followed in 1927 written by the Ministry called the Ministry of Irrigation and Agriculture to develop agricultural irrigation reality and take care of things. Despite this were not the Ministry of Irrigation and Agriculture in that period since its inception incapable to fulfill all the duties that are expected to perform, and that the small allocations and the lack of technical staff as well as the impact of the global economic crisis on the Iraqi economy, prompting the government to repeal the 1930 and convert its departments to the Ministry of Works and Transport. Faced with this situation the Iraqi government went in 1950 to revive the economic situation after the allocation of a percentage of the oil revenues to put development plans in the country, creating the Council of reconstruction in 1951 and introduced the Ministry of Agriculture in 1952, and by the Board of reconstruction began and in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture to implement many projects in the field of agriculture, and other projects for flood control project Jabber, Dukan and so on. But the manner in which the Council of reconstruction in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture in planning for these projects did not consider the agricultural sector in Iraq comprehensive overview total but partial view is integrated, in turn led to the failure of this policy reasons, including, inadequate agricultural policy painted, and the lack of an economic plan developmental, and resist all agricultural reform and renewal, and so feudalism has remained dominant on large agricultural estates, which has increased the suffering of the people of the countryside who continued their migration to the cities and large numbers, particularly from southern Iraq. After the revolution of July 14, 1958 and the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the republican system, initiated by the Government of the Revolution put a new policy aimed at the development of the agricultural sector was the most important legislation Law No. 30 of 1958 (Agrarian Reform) which was the first serious attempt to end the control Alaqtain and landlords on agricultural land in Iraq, as it has been large tracts distributed to the peasants in order to invest and take advantage of their experience, but this law has not succeeded in changing the productivity of agricultural relations, the fact that this law has kept other means Kalmdkhat, machinery and agricultural machinery and other production, however, feudal and senior rich countryside, prompting the farmer to use them and to undergo chains of new, as well as the law so that this new burdens on farmers has added prevented them from continuing in the agricultural production processes, as law enforcement rather financially cultivated land to the peasants, which led to the continued migration from the countryside to the city and Bora leave the land without agricultural exploitation, due to the weak financial possibilities for most farmers, as well as their inability to provide agricultural production requirements. Moreover, developed the revolutionary government legislative foundations and procedural new policy ages in Iraq after the abolition of ages Council in 1959, is to configure your economic and Platform includes government sectors and civil, through authoring a central body to coordinate the plans of the various ministries in the light of the objectives planned, with the adoption of appropriate plans in order to develop the country's natural resources through the establishment of a efficient and centralized economic planning commensurate with the special conditions in Iraq, based on the separation between planning and implementation based on so - called "Economic Planning Council", which began in turn develop economic plans Iraq was the first interim years (1959 - 1961), aims mainly to filter and repair bad situation left by the ages and the Ministry of Development Board, and the most prominent objectives, complete projects initiated its implementation has not been completed, and re - examine the questionable projects in the health study and determine the years implemented as The plan also aimed to achieve as much as possible for the operation of labor, and to encourage the private sector to invest its capital in the plan projects, and raising the standard of living and re - distribution of national income, regardless of oil revenues, and lay the foundations of economic independence, by freeing it from economic dependence on the one hand, and edit of subservience to the product Prime One is oil, on the other hand, by diversifying the pillars of the economy the largest possible size in the fields of industry, agriculture, investment, and this plan issued by the Ministry of Planning under the temporary economic plan Law No. (181) for the year 1959, then proceeded to the Government of the revolution in the eighteenth of October 1961 detailed economic plan for the years (1961 - 1965) under the detailed economic plan Law No. (70) for the year 1961 have been completed and the Ministry of Agriculture, through the work of the Economic Planning Board, and in accordance with the set plans a lot of projects in the field of agriculture and irrigation, as well as the expansion and completion of projects already Development Board dissolved the established but has not been completed because of the fourteenth of July 1958 revolution, the most important of the completion of dam Derbent Khan project and dam construction molasses in the north of the country, was the work of this Council and plans drawn him continued until coup February 8, 1963 and topple the government Abdel - Karim Kassem in Iraq.
