Author name:
كفاح عبد المجيد
Supervisor name:
جبار محمود حسين العبيدي
Abstract:
the binary "subject and object ", emerged since the first stages To form a picture in the mind of the artist , And most of the philosophical research , had taken place From its inception yet now On this two axes , "subject and object".The Objective aspect is the thing, and the subjective side is the relationship with something. And beauty shows in two ways, First, as a topic for the aesthetic relationship, and that means certain properties in fact excite the aesthetic relationship , This is the beauty of substantive. Secondly, "subject beauty", as a special case of consciousness, And human activity During the process of aesthetic relationship, And the the most dangerous requirements of creativity and humanity is the climate of freedom, This is reflected in all stages of the A Monetary History of Aesthetic Plastic, SO this research has shed light on impact of "subject and of substantive "in contemporary sculptural and comparison between them, The search consists of four chapters. the researcher Has tackled in the first quarter ; the method of the research about the problem of the research and its goals , determine its borders with the terminology. The research problem was : WHAT is the role to each of the "subject and substantive" on the world sculpture contemporary , The importance of research Focused on the history accomplished of the modern and contemporary sculptured , which increases critical thinking , The main research goals were to identify the value of the elemental " subject and object" ,And the effect each of them on the achievements of contemporary sculpture with a comparison between the two. The Spatial and temporal search limits were related on the sculptural achievements to a group of international sculptors, in Europe and America, during era stretching from 1930 - 2010, It is the historical period that all the movements of modern and contemporary art embodied in this period, clearly with great philosophical vision to each movement and plastic art school.The second chapter ,take the theoretical framework which consisted of four sections, the address of the First section was (objectivity in the philosophical , aesthetic thought ,and The most important achievements of contemporary sculpture with the substantive direction). The second section dealt with (self - philosophical thought, aesthetic thought, and the most important sculptural achievements of contemporary thought self - direction). The third section take the relationship between "subject and object ". The fourth section deals with the (movement sculptural in Plastic , method and techniques ), As well as a review of all the studies which are relevant with the search topic after arranged chronologically, And then discuss these previous studies, and to highlight the similarities and differences between them and our current search. And then the most important indicators of the theoretical framework.The third chapter, has included research procedures, and how to choose samples, The research community was set, where consisting of 90 elected a sculpture of a group of international contemporary sculptors, Who Their actionscaused variations in the movement of modern art and contemporary sculpture. where the samples of the Research were determined by (30) Pursuant to, that distributed equity in the form of 15 samples, A world - class sculptors representing the substantive side of the equation aesthetic, And the other 15 samples, representing the subject side , and it has been selected in a manner intention of the research community, Was elected as a stylistic excellence and clarity of technical characteristics.. For the fourth chapter, we have included the results of the research and the conclusions and recommendations and proposals, as well as Arab and foreign sources. Among the most important findings of the researcher are as follows : 1 there are overlaps and interlock between subjective and objective element, always and never, within All of an aesthetic experience, but at different rates depending on the stages of the evolution of human history, And the power of the individual as an active self effected on the topic, or the power of the object and its extension into the artwork.2 An objective - oriented contemporary sculpture, confirms on the simulation and representation of objective reality faithfully, as a basis to create a work of art, And underlines on the importance of history, society and ethics, in the formulation of threads sculptural works of art, While the subject side underlines on a self - oriented, that the art world of its own, It is not expensive singing "life" or quote from it and should be independent, self - sufficient.3 - The objective of contemporary sculpture Confirms that the purpose of beautiful art is a social purpose, disciplining the soul. While emphasizing the self contemporary sculpture, on the purpose of art pure, pure ecstasy. While the opinion of the personalism reconciled between the two purposes, which is closest to the right, cause Whatever the intent of the artiste ,in the end , it falls under the banner of artistic beauty, Where lies the experience of the viewer receiver, who wishes to recognize the subject in a way Astatiqih4 - Most of the objectivity sculptures, find the public approbation and widely spread, due to the impact of the permanent historical ,on the hand, and the simplicity of the public in terms of technical awareness on the other hand, While the self contemporary sculptures, suffering the problem of difficulty in taste by recipients, For the absence of the elements of the visual art forms with characteristic objectivity, all of that was desired by the public,5 - the provisions of aesthetic value at the objective believers thought , is the emphasis on the aesthetic features associated with art work , while it is at the subjective believers thought, , be limited to the rule of the recipient.6 - The contemporary artists did not abide by the conditions of extreme objectivity nor subjectivity extreme, but they sought to necessity of reaching a with the other, and break the boredom and traditional in their business, Across a combination of elements of the objective and subjective artwork and not their extremism, , To provide a variety of trends in plastic sculptures and creative, where the contemporary world artist, had widely of freedom.7 - The subjective carvers , more innovative raw materials than objective sculptors' , because of the intellectual philosophical references, which does not believe in the immortality of the idea, but believes in demise and Disappearing8 - The objective contemporary sculpture, calls for meditation, skill craftsmanship at work, in spite of that the goal of neo - realism was surprising, not esthetic meditation , While the self - direction contemporary sculpture Calls to surprising , strange , shocking. It is free of craftsmanshipIn addition to other results have been described in Chapter IV
