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الاختيار الافضل لبرج التقطير بواسطة الخوارزمية الجينية و الاسبن بلس == Optimization of a Distillation Column Using Genetic Algorithm and Aspen Plus

Author name: محمد عدي عبد الستار
Supervisor name: صفاء الدين النعيمي | زيدون محسن شكور
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الخواص الفيزيائية وميكانيكية سلوكية نفط خام البصرة == Rheological and Behavior of AL-Basrah Crude Oil

Author name: محمد علاوي حسن
Supervisor name: عامر عزيز عبد الرحمن
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اعادة استخدام الماء المصاحب للنفط المعالج بواسطة عمليتي (التخثير- التلبيد) وتقنية الاغشية المايكروية == Reuse of Oilfields Produced Water Treated by Combined Coagulation- Flocculation and Microfiltration Technique

Author name: ايمان شاكر عـواد
Supervisor name: ثامر جاسم محمد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تنقية المياه من صبغة المثيل البنفسجية باستخدام الطريقة الهجينة لازالة السمية == Removal of Methyl Violet Dye from Wastewater Using Combined Solar Photocatalysis-Membrane Separation Technology

Author name: نور حسين حمزة
Supervisor name: Mohammed F. Abid | Amer A. Abdul Rahman
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

انتاج وقود الديزل ذو محتوى كبريتي واطئ باستخدام طريقة المعالجة بالهدرجة والاكسدة == Production of Low Sulfur Diesel by Combined Hydro-Oxidative Desulfurization

Author name: احمد محمد جودي
Supervisor name: نيران خليل ابراهيم
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

ازالة الكبريت من نفط خام الاحدب باستخدام عملية الامتزاز مسندة بعملية الاكسدة و الاستخلاص بالمذيبات == Desulfurization of Al-Ahdab Crude Oil using Adsorption-Assisted Oxidative Process

Author name: سجى محسن جبار
Supervisor name: نران خليل ابراهيم
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

حماية سبائك الالمنيوم من التاكل في محلول ملحي باستخدام تقنية ليزر Nd:YAG == PROTECTION OF ALUMINUME ALLOY FROM CORROSION IN NACL SOLUTION USING ND:YAG LASER TECHNIQUE

Author name: احمد ياسين علي الجنابي
Supervisor name: شذى احمد سامح
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تقييم نفط خام البصرة == EVALUATION OF BASRA CRUDE OIL

Author name: حيدر توماز حسين
Supervisor name: عدنان عبد الجبار
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

خزن الغاز السائل باستخدام افضل البدائل لترشيد الطاقة == LPG Storage Using Best Alternative Of Energy Conservation

Author name: غسان علي احمد سندال
Supervisor name: جمال مانع عل
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تحضير عامل مساعد زيوت Y من قشور الرز العراقية لتطبيقات تكسير الهكسان == Preparation Of Zeolite Y Catalyst From Iraqi Rice Husk For Cracking Of n - Hexane

Author name: زينب محمد صبار
Supervisor name: نجاة جمعة صالح | بشير يوسف شرهان
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industries
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Silica nano particles were prepared from Iraqi rice husk (al - Najaf province) by precipitation method. Rice husk (RH) was treated with two different concentrations of inorganic acid (i.e. 1 & 3 N HCl) then burning at 700 °C under two heating rates. Chemical composition of rice husk ash (RHA) determined by X - Ray fluorescence (XRF) was contained about 89.5 wt% and 95.2 wt% SiO2 by treatment with 1N HCl at 10 and 5 °C/min heating rates for 3 hrs, respectively. While, XRF analysis was given 97.5 wt% SiO2content in RHA by treatment with 3 N HCl at 5 °C/min heating rates for 2 hrs. 3N HCl and heating rate at 5°C/min seems to be the best method to reduce the metallic ingredients and to obtain highly purified nanosilica powder at a purity of 98.9 wt%.The prepared nanosilica was also characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), in order to investigate its properties.X - ray results revealed a strong single beak of 2? at about 22° with an amorphous phase. Surface area was measured for nano silica to be 298 m2/g. The average diameter of prepared nanosilica is 89.58 nm as obtained by AFM analysis. Rice husk is seen to be a frugal waste material, high silica content, and it will be able to apply as a natural source of silica for preparation the zeolite - Y catalysts rather than burnt or dumped it as waste, causing environmental and health problems. On the other hand, the commercial source of silica (i.e. Ludox As - 40) is industrially used with other materials for synthesizing the zeolite type - Y catalyst and economically it has an expensive cost. Hence, it is essential to find out another pathway for silica source.This work deals with the replacing of costly commercial precursors of silica by a cheap natural nano - source silica from Iraqi RH. As such this study focuses on the optimization of percentages of natural and/or commercial silica applied within either seed gel or feed stock gel in the zeolite - Y synthesis process in order to investigate the effect of the nature of the silica used on both the structural properties of produced of Y - catalyst as well as on the catalytic performance of these catalysts in hydrocarbon cracking reactions forimproving the production catalytic activity and selectivity. Commercial zeolite - Y catalyst was laboratory prepared by means of commercial silica source and named as “A” sample, whereas other four samples of zeolite catalysts were successfully synthesized with a desired zeolite - Y phase and so - called “B, C, D and E” using different percentages of natural silica source. All the achieved samples are investigated by characterization techniques (i.e. XRD, BET - surface area, Pore volume, FTIR SEM, AAS, and EDX). The synthesized HY - catalyst samples were catalytically tested in the cracking of Hexane (C6H14) through an experimental cracking rig, and the reaction products were analyzed by GC. The performance of Iraqi RH zeolite type - Y catalysts was compared with the commercial lab HY - catalyst. Catalyst B prepares from only natural nanosilicasource and in comparison with other synthesized Y - catalysts; it gives the best catalytic behavior with 98 - 95 mol% conversion together with the selectivity domination of isomer and normal paraffin within the reaction products during more than 2 hrs at 450 °C. This result confirms that the use of natural silica source can be enhanced the catalytic properties of zeolite type - Y catalyst.

دراسة تاكل الصلب الكربوني في محلول ملحي والمنتجات البترولية بوجود غاز ثاني اوكسيد الكربون == Studying of Carbon Steel Corrosion In Salt Solution And Petroleum Products In Presence of CO2

Author name: نضال احمد شاكر
Supervisor name: شذى احمد سامح | شروق طالب الحميري
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يتضمن البحث دراسة سلوك التاكل للصلب الكربوني في محلول ملحي من (3.5wt%NaCl) ومشبع طبيعيا بالهواء بوجود غاز CO2 المستخدم في انابيب النفط. وتم تصميم منظومة القطب الاسطواني الدوار (RCE) لانجاز الدراسة.واجريت تجارب الاستقطاب في ظروف الجريان المضطرب باستخدام | The present work is to study the corrosion behaveior of carbon steel, in naturally aerated 3.5wt% NaCl (brine solution) and petroleum products in presence of CO2. A rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) system were used to study the potentiostatic polarization experiments, under turbulent flow conditions, using 3.5wt% brine solution as electrolyte at different temperatures (298, 308, 318 and 328)K and rotating speed of (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400)r.p.m. at each temperature.Similar experiments were carried out in 3.5wt% brine solution using CO2 gas at (32 ml/sec) flow rate.Corresponding experiments by weight loss were carried out in 3.5wt% brine solution with compunds of : - 1. Kerosene + 10V% brine solution.2. Gas oil + 10V% brine solution. At 328Kand flow rates of (0 and 400) r.p.m.3. Similar experiments were carried out in kerosene + 10V% brine solution at (298, 308 and 318)K and static condition speed of (0) r.p.m at each temperature.4. Experiments were carried out in pure kerosene at a temperature of (298 and 318) K and speed of (0) r.p.m.All above experiments were carried out with and without CO2 gas.The results indicated that the corrosion rate of carbon steel was increased in presence of CO2 gas.The anodic dissolution kinetics were activation control processes affected by temperature.The activation energy of carbon steel with CO2 gas system (2.87 - 1.8) Kcal/mol at different r.p.m. was lower than that without CO2 gas system of (11.4 - 1.7) Kcal/mol at different r.p.m.The corrosion potentials without CO2 gas were shifted to the noble direction with increasing flow rate at a constant temperature, whereas such potential were shifted to the less noble direction with increasing temperatures at a constant speed. However, the corrosion potential with CO2 gas was more noble than that obtained without CO2 gas.The corrosion rate is increased with increasing temperature and velocity. The results indicated that the corrosion rates of ( gas oil +10V% brine solution ) are higher than that of (kerosene +10 V % brine solution) with and with out CO2 gas, and the corrosion rate of pure kerosene is lower than that of (kerosene+10V% brine solution) with and without CO2 gas.In the presence of CO2 gas the results indicated that corrosion rate increases due to continuous dissoultion of iron ion and formation of weak carbonic acid. The carbonic acid accelarteed corrosion rate and affected carbonate and hydrogen ion, which increased the cathodic reactions on the metal surface.

تاثير الجزيئات وحجم الندف على معالجة المياه بواسطة العمليات الفيزيائية - الكيمياوية لمياه النهر == Effect of Particle Floc Size On Water Treatment By Physico - Chemical Process

Author name: مهند ابراهيم فرحان
Supervisor name: ثامر جاسم محمد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Processes
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Process Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يتضمن هذا العمل دراسة تاثير حجم الجزئيات وحجم الفلوك المتكون على عملية التخثر - التلبيد عن اضافة المخثرات واجريت التجارب باستخدام عينة من الماء الطبيعي التي اخذت من نهر دجلة، مع في مستوى ( 55 NTU ) التعكر. واستخدمت ( Jar - test ) لتحديد الظروف المثلى لازا | This work includes the study of the effect of particle size and floc size formed on the process of coagulation - flocculation by the addition of coagulants.Experiments were conducted using a sample of natural water which was taken from Tigris River, within the level of (55) NTU turbidity. Jar - test was used to determine the optimal conditions for the removal of turbidity through coagulation - flocculation and sedimentation.Several experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of flocculation time 1,6 and 20 min, coagulants dose and camp No. on the residual turbidity or removal efficiency ,floc size or floc formed that have greater Intensity, floc strength and recovery factor, largest volume, greater surface area and the most number and properties of electrical particle such as (zeta potential ,mobility , frequency). The floc growth, breakage floc size and regrowth of different type of coagulant were investigated by a laser diffraction particle sizing device (zeta plus).The coagulants used were alum, FeCl3, polyelectrolyte (PE), alone or in combination of them.

تحسين اداء مفاعل الطبقة الوشله المشغل بالحالة الغير مستقرة لمعالجة المياه من ملوثات الفينول == Performance Enhancement In Unsteady State Operated Trickle Bed Reactor of Phenolic Wastewater Treatment

Author name: غيداء ضياء الدين نجيب
Supervisor name: صفاء الدين عبد الله النعيمي | فرح طالب السوادني
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Processes
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Process Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن البحث دراسة عملية ونظرية لاكسدة محلول الفينول بطريقتي (CWAO & PP - CWAO) باستخدام عمود الطبقة الوشله Trickle Bed Reactor لكل من التشغيل المستقروالتشغيل الدوري (Unsteady Periodic Operation) والمتضمن التقطيع الدوري لمعدل جريان السائل (Liquid Flow Mod | Catalyst Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) and Hydrogen Peroxide Promoted Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (PP - CWAO) of phenol in aqueous phase are studied experimentally and theoretically in this work using a trickle bed reactor operating in both steady state and periodic operation; liquid flow and hybrid modulation. A laboratory unit was constructed for this purpose, where a versatile reactor setup required "high pressure stainless steel reactor of 0.018 m i.d.×0.76 m height", in which experiments could be carried out under different modes of operation. The effect of key parameters that influence on the performance of trickle bed reactor (TBR) for CWAO and PP - CWAO is studied in a steady - state operation to provide a basis for comparison with periodic experiments and kinetic measurements in TBR under constant operating pressure (0.1 MPa) throughout Initial phenol concentration (0.84 - 1.5 g/L), liquid hourly space velocity (1.16 - 19.87 h - 1), superficial gas velocity (0.163 - 0.655 m/s), and bed temperature (30 - 80oC) for CWAO. Hydrogen peroxide concentration (5 - 40%) and feed rate (0.0499 - 0.1465 L/h) for PP - CWAO at constant liquid hourly space velocity (1.16 h - 1), initial phenol concentration (1.35 g/L), superficial gas velocity (0.163 m/s), and bed temperature (80oC).In periodic operation, the effect of cyclic parameters is investigated in a broader range of cycle period (5 - 180 sec) and split (0.2, 0.5 and 0.7) for both liquid flow and hybrid modulation under some of the conditions chosen on the basis of the steady state results for PP - CWAO.The results showed that the CWAO and PP - CWAO of phenol are kinetically controlled. In CWAO, LHSV and air flow rate have a slight effect on the phenol conversion, whilst they have a positive effect on the rate of reaction. The conversion and reaction rate of phenol increase with increasing initial phenol concentration and bed temperature, but they have a little pronounced effect in the range of temperature. The highest phenol conversion (75.26%) was obtained over Pt/? - Al2O3 at LHSV=1.16 h - 1, bed temperature=80°C, air flow rate=10 L/min and initial phenol concentration=1500 ppm.For PP - CWAO, the promoting effect of hydrogen peroxide was less marked in the range (5 to 25) %H2O2 concentration while at (35 - 40) %H2O2 concentration, the removal efficiency became more pronounced where the phenol conversion enhanced from 73.26% conversion at 25% H2O2 to 88.88% conversion at 40% H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide flow rate has a negligible effect on the removal of phenol. According to the kinetic results, the reaction kinetic was pseudo first order with respect to phenol concentration, (0.3) order with respect to oxygen, and the apparent activation energy equals to (19.8247) kJ/mol. The rate expression for CWO is - r_ph= C_ph^ For periodic operation, the time average conversion enhancement is indeed quite considerable in liquid flow modulation as split is lowered from steady state (? =1) to a value of (? =0.5) and reached as much as 6.66 % over the steady state at cycle period (?_p)= 15 sec; which is close to the hybrid modulation, where enhancement reached to 6.91% at ? =0.2 and (?_p)=5 sec.Intermediate compounds were analyzed for CWAO and PP - CWAO in steady state operation. Four intermediate compounds were indicated, namely oxalic acid, acetic acid, formic acid and maleic acid (carboxylic acid). Acetic acid being the main refractory intermediate in the catalytic oxidation of phenol at the operating conditions employed for CWAO process in steady state operation. The PP - CWAO of phenol in steady state and periodic operation has a positive impact on the intermediate compound mineralization as compared with the CWAO in steady state operation. In the modeling part, a suitable reactor scale model is evaluated and extended to predict the performance of TBR under the employed conditions. The model was solved numerically by finite difference approach with a semi implicit solution of the differential equations. The simulated results for steady - state and periodic operation (liquid flow modulation) performance showed that the expected trends in performance enhancements as experimental results. The experimental data results showed the relative error for the conversion (1.22 - 8.9%) in the broad range of experimental.

ازالة الكبريت ودراسة الحركية لوقود الديزل بعملية الامتزاز ذو الوجبة باستخدام الكاربون المنشط == Desulfurization And Kinetic Study of Diesel Fuel By Batch Adsorption On Activated Carbon

Author name: سمر خالد الجنابي
Supervisor name: نيران خليل ابراهيم
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: منتجات التقطير في المصافي , وخاصة قطفة زيت الغاز تحتوي على كميات كبيرة من مركبات الالكيل - بنزوثيوفين والتي هي الاكثر تمردا لازالة الكبريت عن طريق السلفرة الهيدروجينية التقليدية. وتستمر لوائح الوقود في جميع انحاء العالم في التشديد استجابة للحاجة الملحة | Refinery distillates, especially gas oil fractions contain considerable amounts of alkylated benzo - thiophene which are the most recalcitrant to desulfurization via conventional hydrodesulfurization. Fuel regulations continue to tighten worldwide in response to the need to cleaner air and refiners meet these regulations at a very significant cost. The need to cut the operational and capital costs has necessitated a renewed look to the non - hydrogen, low temperature and pressure processes for producing ultra low sulfur fuels.Non - conventional approaches for ultra low - sulfur fuels belong either to oxidative or a selective adsorption routes. The present research focuses on a batch adsorption desulfurization process for diesel fuel containing 580ppm sulfur, based on physical adsorption of refractory sulfur compounds on activated carbon (AC). The effects of time (0 - 3.5 hr), temperature (30 - 70 °C), diesel to AC ratio (2 - 10 ml/gm), AC particle size (0.2 - 1.44 mm), mixing velocity(100 - 1000 rpm), and initial sulfur concentration (280 - 580ppm) in commercial diesel fuel on the desulfurization efficiency were studied. The residual sulfur concentration in diesel fuel was decreased from 580 to 247 ppm, corresponding to a desulfurization efficiency of 57 %, at best conditions of 2.5 hr contact time, 50 ?, 2ml diesel/gm AC, 0.8 mm AC particle size, and 1000rpm mixing rate. The sulfur adsorption dependency on contact time and initial sulfur concentration in commercial diesel fuel (280 - 580ppm) were studied. Different kinetic models : Pseudo - first order (PFO), pseudo - second order (PSO) and intraparticle diffusion models were applied to fit the experimental data. The results of the kinetic analysis showed that the pseudo - first order model underestimates the equilibrium sorption capacity by about 33%. However the pseudo - second order model has succeeded in predicting the equilibrium sorption capacity with correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.995. The experimental adsorption isotherms were correlated by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results indicated that Freundlich isotherm exhibits the best fits for the adsorptive desulfurization of diesel fuel with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.989 as compared with the Langmuir model ( ). The adsorption intensity as estimated from the Freundlich isotherm is larger than one which is indicative of physical adsorption.

عمليات التحميض للطبقات المنتجة للنفط الخام في ابار الانتاج البترولية == Acidification of Crude Petroleum Bearing Strata In Production Wells

Author name: سيف عبد الحق عبد الستار
Supervisor name: نجاة جمعة صالح
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم في هذا البحث دراسة عملية التحميض بصورة عامة وتحميض طبقتي ( التنومة والخصيب) المنتجة ) ضمن حقول EB - 91 للنفط والواقعة ضمن حقول شرقي بغداد بصورة خاصة. وتم اعتماد البئر (.(Case Study ) شرق بغداد كـ نموذج تعتبر عملية تحميض الابار النفطية من العمليات ا | In this work, acidification process in general and in particular at Al - Tanuma and Khasib layers is studied. Al - Tanuma and Khasib layer's in well (EB - 91)are located in east of Baghdad oil field. That well was taken as a case study.Acidification process is important to increase productivity of old oil well, and new one. Before acidification a test was carried out with water. During the test water is injected in these two layers under high pressure. If the test is successful that means the two layers are able to absorbed the dilute acid. - At first acid concentration must be diluted for 30 % to 15 % by using water as dilutent. - Additives are added to the acid, these additives are : • Anti - corrosion (A1 - 48) 0.5%.• Anti - emulsifier (NE - 50) 0.5%.• Emulsifier (WFT - 9256) 0.5%.• Solvent (WMS - 121) 1%. - Acid and the additives were injected inside Al - Tanuma and Khasib layers under high pressure. - Displacement liquid (gas oil) was injected inside the two layers to remove the acid and let it enter the formation. - The well was closed for minimum (1) hour to complete the reaction of acid with well formations. - The well was opened.The crude oil, gas oil and remaining acid will elute from the well by the action of pressure. - The crude oil eluted from the well was transferred by fire pipes to burning hole, where it was burned for about (3 - 4) hours. - After burning process is completed the well is ready for production.

المعالجة البايولوجية في المياه الصناعية المصرفة لتخفيض تركيز الميثانول == Bioremediation of Industrial Wastewater For Reducing Methanol Concentration

Author name: نغم اديب عبد الكريم
Supervisor name: Mahmood M. Barbooti | Mumtaz A. Zablouk
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Biochemistry Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتمد المعالجة البايولوجية للمياه الصناعية المصرفة على عملية بسيطة وذلك بتامين الكائنات الحية التي لها القدرة على تفكيك المركبات العضوية حيث تستغلها البكتريا كمصدر للتغذية.ان اغلب المركبات العضوية واللاعضوية يمكن ازالتها بصورة فعالة من خلال المعالجة الباي | The present work biological treatment by activated sludge is advocated to reduce methanol concentration in wastewater.Activated sludge is prepared in laboratory from contaminated soil with heavy hydrocarbon. Aerobic biological treatment is applied for synthetic wastewater containing 2 gm/L methanol. Important operating parameters in this system are the sludge volume, temperature, pH and total time. Investigating these parameters can establish sufficient microbial mass for efficient treatment. The treatment is carried out under various conditions of temperature (20, 30 & 40) 0C, pH (6, 7 & 8), total treatment time (2, 3 & 5) days and for different sludge volume (100 ,280 & 450) ml. The best volume used is 280 ml from the prepared activated sludge which gives best removal down to 160 ppm. Treated wastewater samples were collected at different time and stored in deep freeze.The stored samples are analyzed for methanol content by direct injection to Gas - Chromatography. From the experimental investigation results, it has been shown that the aerobic biological treatment is efficient in reducing methanol concentration in treated wastewater. The addition of 280 ml of sludge to seven liters of synthetic wastewater gives maximum removal of methanol. The results are analyzed mathematically. The experimental data collected by this sludge volume are successfully fitted to a second order polynomial empirical correlation.The most favorable operating conditions for the 280 ml sludge volume are 400C temperature, pH = 6.8 and 102 hr total treatment time with 30h aeration.On the basis of the best conditions obtained the empirical correlation, is obtained as follows : Y = 14616.62 - 17.4202X1 - 10.6311X2 - 3592.75X3+ 0.028335 - 0.159515 + 254.532X32 - 0.1263X1X2 + 0.452606X1X3 + 1.7638X2X3. Where : X1=Treatment time. X2=Temperature.X3= pH Average absolute error =10.8 % Correlation coefficient =0.98.

التصميم الابتدائي لمحطة معالجة المياه الملوثة نفطيا في مصفى ميسان == Preliminary Design of Wastewater Treatment Plant In Missan Refinery

Author name: محمد خليل ابراهيم
Supervisor name: رياض صادق محمد صالح المختار
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هذا البحث يتضمن كيفية دراسة معالجة المياه الملوثة بالمشتقات النفطية الناتجة من مصفى ميسان , ان قسم مصفى ميسان هو احد المصافي المهمة بالعراق، حيث انه يستهلك الماء من نهر المشرح التابع للمحافظة بكميات كبيرة لغرض العمليات التشغيلية التي تجري في المصفى.في | This research involves study of water treatment contaminated by Oil products in Missan Refinery, where the Department of Missan Refinery represents one of the important refineries in Iraq, which consumed water from Al - msherh River in large quantities for the purposes of the oil refinement.In the Missan refinery, The discharge of industrial wastewater from the operational units (three refining units) is about (1500 m3 / month), representing a sufficient amount of contamination of agricultural land or swamp water that discharge to it, Therefore, this study aims to find economical ways to treat these industrial wastewater that contaminated with oil. Several ways to treat contaminated water are suggested in present study (physical - mechanical and chemical treatment). The suggested treatments based on laboratory tests of contaminated Oily wastewater to find a specification of contaminated water, such as : - Turbidity, (pH), total salts and dissolved solids TDS, COD, BOD, suspended solids (S.S), oil content and phenol.

اتزان الاطوار لاستخلاص الملوثات الفينولية من المياه الصناعية باستخدام تقنية الاغشية السائلة == Phase Equilibria For Extraction of Phenolic Pollutants From Industrial Wastewater Using Liquid Membrane Technique

Author name: انور جاسم محسن
Supervisor name: خالد فرهود جسب
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Processes
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Process Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: كلا من الصناعة الكيميائية (chemical industry) والبحث الاكاديمي (academia search) للمذيبات البديلة يجب ان تلبي متطلبات التكنولوجيا النظيفة (cleaner technology) حيث ان المذيبات الاكثر استخداما على نطاق واسع هي المتطايرة والضارة. في العمل الحالي، تم تحقيق | Both chemical industry and academia search for alternative solvents to meet the cleaner technology requirements since the most widely used solvents are volatile and harmful. In the present work, the technical feasibilities of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as bulk liquid membranes (BLM) for phenol removal from Industrial Wastewater was investigated. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) used as a membrane mainly due to their properties of low vapor pressure, low volatility and they are often stable. Four ionic liquids with high hydrophobicity were used : 1 - butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Bmim] [PF6], 1 - butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [Bmim][NTf2], 1 - Ethyl - 3 - methyimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide [Emim][NTf2] and 1 - hexyl - 3 - methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Hmim][PF6], in which, phenol Extraction efficiency and stripping efficiency were studied. The effect of different types of anion and hydrophobicity of the ionic liquids on the phenol extraction and stripping efficiencies were investigated. Different operating parameters of feed phase pH, feed concentration, NaOH concentration were studied. In addition to the effect of single ionic liquid (SILs) and binary mixtures ionic liquid (BMILs) on the phenol extraction and stripping efficiencies were also studied. The study shows that highest phenol extraction and stripping efficiencies were [Bmim][NTf2], [Bmim][NTf2+PF6] and [Emim][NTf2], [Bmim+Emim][NTf2] respectively. Phase equilibria for the extraction of phenol from industrial wastewater using ionic liquid membranes was determined. The efficiency of ten new solvents as a selective ILs solvent in the extraction of phenol from wastewater was investigated. Data have been estimated experimentally for ten systems containing, phenol + water as a common component liquid and + ten IL solvents. The consistency and accuracy of the tie line data were evaluated using three correlation namely, Bachman, Hand, and Othmer and Tobias. The Plait Point for each ternary system was estimated. Among the ILs used to extract the phenol from wastewater, [Bmim][NTf2+PF6] shows the highest selectivity and distribution coefficient. The liquid - liquid equilibrium data have been predicated using electrolyte non - random - two - liquid (e - NRTL) model and extended UNIversal - QUAsi - Chemical (e - UNIQUAC) model. The binary interaction parameters have been calculated using Maximum Likelihood Principle technique. The experimental data fitted by the e - NRTL model is more accurate than the e - UNIQUAC model.

اختيار الافضل للمفاعل النازل لوحدة التكسير بالعامل المساعد == Optimization Technique of Fcc Downer Reactor

Author name: علي محسن غضبان
Supervisor name: Safa A. Al | Naimi
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يشتمل البحث على عمل نموذج رياضي لمفاعل النازلdowner) ) في وحدة التكسير المحفز بالعامل المساعد وان التفاعل يشمل اربع مكونات هي التغذية Gas oil)) والغازات الخفيفة (Light gases) والكازولين (Gasoline) والفحم (Coke) اوما يسمى ب Four lumps model لوصف حركة تفاعل | In this work, mathematical model for downer reactor have been developed, in which a four - lump model is used to characterize the feed and the products, where gas oil cracks to give lighter fractions and coke. The integrated reactor steady state model makes gross assumption about the hydrodynamics, using 4th. order Runga Kutta method. Polymath version 5.1 and Aspen version 7.3 programs are used to solve the simulation model. This model can predict the mixing temperature and pressure profiles at mixer (MxR) chamber; also shows the physical performance and productivity all over the downer height. An interactive excel worksheet is constructed and used as a powerful tool for solving the model equations and studying the effect of any change in operating variables on the unit performance. Also observed the simulated results by using two programs (Polymath and Aspen) and the difference between them especially in temperature , pressure and product yield profile plotted along the reactor length and shows that the results from Aspen are better than Polymath because the first is more advanced and accurate. The operation of downer reactor for catalytic cracking is associated with several important objectives such as feed rate and height, diameter of reactor and amount of catalyst rate as well as the production requirements, all of which need to be optimized simultaneously. In this study, a validated mathematical model was used to perform the single - objective optimization of the FCC system at the design stage. In the optimization study, four operating parameters were used as decision variables. These variables were chosen based onsystematic sensitivity analysis of the system which showed complex interplay of the decision variables over the system performance indicators. Elitist Polymath version 5.1 enhanced with Excel flow sheet 2007 were used to solve a number of objective function optimization problems. The objective functions used are maximization of the gasoline yield, and minimization of the catalyst flow rate. The optimal results obtained here provide physical insights that can help in the design stage of the downer reactor.

الاضافات على زيوت التزيت لتحسين خواصها == Additives For Lubricantion Oil To Improve Its Properties

Author name: وسام عدنان حيدر العبيدي
Supervisor name: عدنان عبد الجبار عبد الرزاق السالم
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: معامل اللزوجة ونقطة الانسكاب من العوامل الاكثر اهمية التي يجب دراستها لتحسين اداء زيوت التزيت. في هذه الدراسة اضافة البوليمر مثل Polymethacrylate بنسب وزنية %(2,4,6,8,10) الى قاعدة الزيت الاساس SN500 وSN150 معامل اللزوجة ونقطة الانسكاب تقاس حسب المواصفه | Viscosity index and pour point are the most important factors that should be study to improve the performance of lubrication oil. In this study an polymer additive such as polymethacrylate (2,4,6,8,10)wt% were added to lubrication basic oil SN 500 and SN150.Viscosity index and pour point were measured according to ASTM 445 and ASTM D2270 respectively The results show that as an increasing in additive ratio, viscosity index and pour point increase.

دراسة تاثير النانو سليكا المحضرة من رمال السيليكا العراقية على بعض الخواص الميكانيكية لمتراكبات الكونكريت == Study The Effect of Nano - Silica Prepared From Iraqi Silica Sand On Some Mechanical Properties of Concrete Composites

Author name: علي داود سلمان
Supervisor name: نجاة جمعة صالح
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Processes
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Process Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الهدف من هذا البحث هو تحضير دقائق السليكا النانوية من رمال السليكا العراقية من منجم ارضمة غرب العراق باستخدام طريقة الطحن المتعدد في (جهاز الطحن بالكرات)،حيث تم تشخيص دقائق السليكا بواسطة اجهزة التشخيص التالية SEM, AFM, PSA,FT - IR, XRD, XRF, BET,TEM. | The purposes of this work are to prepare, characterize silica nanoparticles for a first time from Ardma location at Anbar province in western Iraq by combination of top down approach using ultrafine grinding (Ball milling) and drying processes, evaluate the effect of nano - silica sand (NSS) addition on mechanical properties (compressive and splitting tensile strengths) of mortar mixture, and optimization of the operating variables (NS particle size and percentage of (NS) by using [WinQSB] and [STATISTICA] software technique to find the optimum values. (XRF) test shows enrichment of SiO2 after leaching with sulfuric acid. The prepared (NS) is characterized by SEM, AFM, PSA, FT - IR, XRD, XRF, BET and TEM. According to Particle Size Analyzers (PSA) silica sand has successfully been reduced to particle size of 50 nm after (30) hours of milling. The (AFM) test reveal two different groups of samples were analyzed, the range of first group was (60 - 120) nm after 40 hours of milling, the range of second group was (90 - 170)nm after 50 hours of milling. X - ray diffraction of silica sand before and after milling process shows that surface , structural changes duo to amorphization phenomenon result from an intensive mechanical treatment by (Ball milling) of silica sand. This result supports the incorporating (NS) into cement mortar. The (BET) analysis shows that the (NS) has different surface areas according to particle size. The (TEM) and (SEM) images of NS show that various shapes of the(NS) particles including irregular, spherical, and highly agglomerated in shape due to Van der Walls force on the particles surface. Three different ranges of particle sizes of (NS) have been used; (30 - 100)nm,(60 - 120)nm and(90 - 170)nm with three percentages of each (2% ,6% and 10% per weight of cement) and a w/c of 0.48. The SEM images of mortar mixture at the age of 28 days show existence of many Ca(OH)2 crystals needles over - shadowed and cover a large area with porous structure, while after adding (NSS) the Ca(OH)2needles are invisible and compact structure with the absence of the un - hydrated crystals which explains the superior strengths results. NSS contributes to enhancement of cement mortar through yielding denser, more compact and uniform mixtures. The optimization results of mechanical properties proved that an improvement in compressive strength of 29.889% at optimum conditions (adding 6% of 50nm particle size) in 28 days age, while for tensile strength was 22.863% at optimum conditions (adding 8% of 50nm particle size) in 28 days age. NSS obtained by ball milling of silica sand can be produced in large quantities at low prices, by sustainable method so that mass application in concrete is within reach According to my knowledge there is no previous work focusing on preparing of silica nanoparticles from Iraqi silica sand, and using it to improve mechanical properties of cement mortar by using optimization technique.

دراسة الهيدروديناميكية والحركية في مفاعل الطبقة الفوارة لوحدة النفط الثقيل == Hydrodynamic And Kinetic Study In An Ebullated - Bed Reactor For The Heavy Oil (H - Oil Unit)

Author name: هالة حسين حسن ابو نايلة
Supervisor name: محمد فاضل عبد | شاكر محمود احمد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان النمو المضطرد في انتاج النفوط الثقيلة والطلب المتزايد على المقطرات الوسطيه اعطى اهمية قصوى لعمليات التكسير في المصافي النفطية، وتعتبر طريقة (H - Oil) باستخدام مفاعلات الطبقة الفوارة واحدة من اهم عمليات التكسير المحفز والتي تهدف الى تكسير النفوط الثقيل | The present work was devoted to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of a lab - scale cold - flow ebullated bed three phase column. It was also to investigate the kinetic behavior of an industrial - scale ebullated bed reactor, licensed by Axens Co., installed and operated in Lukoil refinery at Bourgas - Bulgaria.For the design of experiments in the lab - scale cold - flow column, factorial method was introduced to study the influence of the operating variables (i.e., gas and liquid superficial velocities and the liquid internal reflux ratio) on the objective functions (i.e., individual holdups and bubble characteristics).Pressure gradient method was used to estimate the individual holdups and bed porosity along the column, while photographic method was utilized to obtain images of the moving gas bubble which analyzed using Ai Adobe Illustrator CC (64 Bit) software to determine the geometric characteristics of bubbles.The results showed that liquid internal reflux ratio, which characterized the ebullated bed three phase bubble column, has a predominant effect on the individual holdups and bubble sizes.The operating and geometric variables of the lab - scale cold - flow ebullated bed were carefully selected to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristic of the industrial unit through matching five dimensionless groups (M - group, E?tv?s number, Reynolds number, density ratio and velocity ratio) of the cold - flowlab - scale and industrial systems.The percentage average deviations between each two particular groups of the two systems were (14.7%, 25%, 13.14%, 15.2%, and 20%), respectively. Although this did not result in a perfect match, considering the uncertainty in the industrial units exact operating properties, the match was considered to be sufficiently close.A five - lump kinetic model was selected, to describe the catalytic hydrocracking of heavy oil, to formulate the reaction rate equations of vacuum residue, vacuum gas oil, middle distillate, naphtha, and gases. These equations were inserted into the individual mass balance equation of each lump and then utilized in a program of MATLAB based on the nonlinear least square method to estimate the kinetic parameters (rate constants and activation energies of the proposed reaction pathways), to investigate the effect of the operating variables (e.g., operating temperature, WHSV, and reaction time ) on the kinetic parameters and performance of the industrial ebullated bed reactor. It was found that, - The intra - pellet (internal) diffusion was the rate - limiting step in the H - Oil reaction system. - The effectiveness factor decreases with increasing reaction temperature and WHSV. - The outcomes of the mathematical model confirmed the reaction orders of hydrocracking of vacuum residue and catalyst deactivation to be 2.1 and 0.18, respectively. - Activation and deactivation energies resulted to be quite similar of 48.87 and 50.68 kcal/mole, respectively, meaning that there is no strong effect of the deactivation process over the global hydrocracking reaction. - The hydrocracking of vacuum residue has a higher selectivity toward VGO production than toward other lumps in the following order : VGO < Middle Distillate < Naphtha <Gases. - WHSV has a negative impact on yield fractions of the industrial ebullated bed reactor while the images were different with the operating temperature. The formulated model was validated by comparing its outcomes with the findings of other related model (e.g Sa´nchez and Ancheyta, 2007) from literature. The results of comparison confirmed the reliability of the present model.Key words : Hydrodynamic, Kinetic Parameters, Heavy Oil, Ebullated Bed, Reactor.

العوامل المؤثرة على ظاهرة تقليل الاعاقة المصاحبة لجريان السوائل بواسطة المضافات البوليمرية والمواد الخافظة للشد السطحي == Effect of Operating Variables On Drag Reduction Phenomenon By Polymers And Surfactants Additives

Author name: ليث مجيد عبود
Supervisor name: issam kamil salih
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Industrial Processes
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Process Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناول البحث دراسة وتطبيق ظاهرة تقليل الاعاقة لاطالة مسافة تصريف السوائل الساقطة بشكل حر من انبوب افقي. حيث تمت دراسة تاثير ارتفاع ونوع السائل , نوع وتركيز البوليمر , قطر الانبوب وخشونة سطحه, واحدى المواد ذات الفعالية السطحية.تم اجراء الاختبارات العملية | Drag reduction phenomenon has been studied and applied to extend the discharge distance of kerosene, gas oil and tap water falling freely from horizontal tube. The effect of liquid head, type of solvent, polymer characteristics and concentration, pipe diameter and roughness and addition of surfactant were investigated.Experimental tests were performed using apparatus consisting of a reservoir connected to a horizontal tube from which the flux was allowed to fall freely under different heads. The distance traveled horizontally was measured and used to estimate the friction factor (ƒ) and the percentage drag reduction (%DR). The tests were carried out under liquid heads of 140, 165, 190, 215, 240 cm to ensure turbulent flow circumstances, i.e. Re ? 3000.Three types of polymers were tested, viz., polyisobutylene (PIB), xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GGM). The activities of these polymers for drag reduction were evaluated at concentrations of 10 - 200 ppm for PIB and 50 - 400 ppm for XG and GGM using three solvents, viz., kerosene, gas oil and tap water. Glass tubes of 3,7,10 and 11mm diameters in addition to carbon steel and stainless steel pipes of 10mm diameter were used to investigate the effect of pipe diameter and roughness.The interactions between polymer and surfactant were investigated using sodium luaryl sulfate (SLS) so that experimental tests were performed with PIB in the absence and presence of (SLS) at different concentrations. The discharge distance and %DR is generally increased with increasing liquid head and additive concentration. However %DR is sometimes reached to a maximum value at a specific concentration termed " critical concentration" beyond which %DR is fallen, the %DR observed with 100ppm of PIB is 44.3% at head equal 140 cm and 56% at head equal 240 cm from stainless steel tube. Moreover, %DR is progressively increased with increasing Reynolds number (Re) at any specific concentration, %DR achieved due to the addition 50ppm of PIB is 20.8% at Re equal 17236 and 45.9% at Re equal 26056 from stainless steel tube.Polyisobutylene has effectively reduced drag with kerosene and gas oil. Its activity seems to be higher with gas oil compared to that with kerosene. The maximum %DR achieved due to the addition 100 ppm of PIB in gas oil and kerosene are 63% & 56% respectively from Stainless steel tube. The activity of SLS for drag reduction with kerosene is evidently lower than that of PIB, and the difference between %DR observed is reduced with increasing concentration. Efficiency of PIB is considerably decreased by adding SLS so that the maximum %DR achieved with their mixture is 40.1%.The polymers XG and GGM are effectively reduced drag when added to tap water. Their activities at any specific operating conditions are decreased according to the sequence of XG ? GGM. The maximum %DR observed with them at 300 ppm are 77% and 48.8% respectively. The values of (%DR) measured with all tested liquids seem consistent with Blasius equation and they are progressively shifted to the direction of Virk asymptote with increasing of polymer concentration. The percent drag reduction is well correlated with Reynolds numbers, (L/D) and polymer concentration according to the relation of the form %DR= a (Re)b (C)d (L/D)k, where a, b, d and k are constants, so that a specific empirical correlation is observed for each polymer.

تحسين مواصفات / ازالة الكبريت من النفوط العراقية الثقيلة باستخدام طريقة الاكسدة المعانة بالموجات فوق الصوتية == Upgrading / Desulfurazation of Iraq Heavy Crude Oils Using Oxidation Assisted By Ultrasound

Author name: شيماء كاظم محيسن
Supervisor name: نيران خليل ابراهيم
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: وجودالكبريت في النفط الخام يشكل تحديات هائلة فيما يتعلق بالاثار البيئية والاقتصادية السلبية.وعلى هذا النحو ايضا سلامة المعدات معرضة لمخاطر عالية اثناء معالجة نفط خام الاحدب(3,55? كبريت) بسبب طبيعته الحامضية.وبالتالي فان هذا البحث يهدف الى تقليل محتوى الك | The presence of sulfur in crude oil posses enormous challenges as regards its negative environmental and economic impact. As such, the safety of the equipment is at high risk during the processing of Al - Ahdab crude oil because of its sour nature (3.55wt% sulfur). The present work is aimed at reduce the sulfur content of Al - Ahdab crude oil prior to processing by oxidative desulfurization treatment method using ultrasonic irradiation probe and high speed homogenizer for the enhancement of oxidizing the sulfur compounds and converting them into sulfones. The oxidation step was then followed by solvent extraction to extract the sulfones.An ultrasound - assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of acetic acid and subsequent solvent extraction using a polar solvent (acetonitrile ) has been applied for the desulfurization of Al - Ahdab crude oil in a bench scale unit. The results indicate that the desulfurization efficiency is dependent on the sonication rate. The measured sulfur content of the crude oil, obtained after 10 minutes contact time indicated that the highest efficiency obtained is 81.86%, corresponding to reductionin sulfur content up to 0.664wt.%, when sonication energy of 21139J was used. The second mixing scheme examined was that of using a high speed homogenizer. The results indicate that the desulfurization efficiency increases with increasing mixing speed from5000 to 26000rpm, and reaction time from 15 to 60min. The highest desulfurization efficiency obtained was 72.6% at 26000rpm and 60min reaction time. The above results indicate that UAOD is a successful process to upgrade Al - Ahdab crude oil. However, oxidative desulfurization assisted by high speed agitation also gave reasonable desulfurization efficiency. The sulfur content was reduced to about 1.2% which is less than that of Kirkuk crude (2.8%) and that of AL - Basrah crude (3.16%).

استخدام المادة النانو مسامية SBA - 15 لازالة الملوث العضوي من المياه الصناعية == A Nanoporous SBA - 15 As Adsorbent For Removal of Organic Pollutants From Wastewater

Author name: رغد عدنان حبش
Supervisor name: انعام اكرم صبري | طالب محمد نايف
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Industrial Processes
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Process Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم تحضير ماده السليكا النانويه المسامية (SBA - 15) باستخدام (TEOS) كمصدر للسيليكا و(P123) كقوالب ومن ثم اجريت فحوصات عليها منها حيود الاشعة السينية (XRD),المجهر الالكتروني (SEM)،المساحة السطحيه ( (BET وطيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء (FTIR). بعد ذلك تم دراسة سلو | Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA - 15) nanoporous silica was prepared using Tetraethylorthosilicate TEOS as silica precursor, Pluronic P123 as template, and characterized by means of X - ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The adsorption behavior of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater onto mesoporous SBA - 15 was studied. Both batch and continuous systems were studied. Batch experiments were carried out to measure the adsorption as a function of contact time, initial concentration (15 - 110 mg/l), pH (3 - 11) and adsorbent dose (0.1 - 2.3g/l) to specify the optimum operation condition. The equilibrium of the process was achieved within 20 min. Adsorption isotherms were fitted with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model with higher correlation coefficient R2 value of (0.990). The kinetics of the MB sorption on SBA - 15 were examined by using pseudo - first and pseudo - second order kinetics models. The kinetics analysis manifested that the overall adsorption process was successfully fitted with the pseudo - second - order kinetic model. In continuous studies, the adsorption of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater onto SBA - 15 in fixed bed was investigated and breakthrough data of the dye was determined. This research is run in small scale column with an internal diameter of 0.7 cm and 35 cm height at constant temperature and pH value. The effect of bed height (3, 6, 9 cm), flow rate (0.6, 1.0,1.4 ml/min) and initial MB concentrations (40, 70, 100 mg/l) on breakthrough curves were investigated. It is found that breakthrough time increases with increasing bed height, but decreases with increasing methylene blue inlet concentration and flow rate. Thomas and Yan models were used to determine the kinetic constants and to predict the breakthrough curves. The experimental data showed a better fit to Thomas adsorption model. In order to find out the possibility of reuse SBA - 15, desorption study was also carried out in this investigation. SBA - 15 can be effectively recovered by calcinations and reused fourteenth times in batch system and five times in continuous system without significant loss in removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. The long reuse life of SBA - 15 makes it an efficient adsorbent for removal of methylene blue from wastewater at high potential for application in industry.
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