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المستوى المصلي لهرمون الهبسدين وتعدد الاشكال الوراثي للمورثين HAMP,HFE لعينة من مرضى بيتا ثالاسيميا المصابين بفيروس الكبد سي == Serum Hepcidin hormone level and its genes polymorphism (HAMP,HFE ) among B-thalassemia patients with Hepatitis C

Author name: نعيم محمد محسن
Supervisor name: ايهاب داود سلمان | صفاء عبد الاله فرج
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

تحديد الجينات المقاومة للعلاج الكيميائي في خلايا سرطان الثدي == Detection of Chemoresistant Genes in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Author name: ضحى فرحان الاوسي
Supervisor name: مها فخري مجيد الطائي | احمد مجيد الشمري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

تقدير التاثير المضاد للسرطان لفلافونويدات اوراق الكونوكاربس == Estimation the anticancer effect of Conocarpus leaf flavonoids

Author name: امنة خالد فرج
Supervisor name: مؤيد صبري شوكت
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

دراسة جينات المقاومة لبعض المضادات الحيوية في بكتريا الاشيرشيا القولونية الممرضة البولية لدى عينة من النساء الحوامل == Study of Some Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Uropathogenic E.coli among Sample of Pregnant Women

Author name: علي عطا الله ابراهيم
Supervisor name: رنا كاظم محمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

استخلاص وتوصيف البيروكسيديز من فول الصويا واستخدامه في تفكيك المركبات الفينولية

Author name: عائشة محمد جاسم
Supervisor name: غازي منعم عزيز
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

مراحل اكتشاف العقاقير الطبية وتطبيقاتها العملية == Stages of discovery of Medical Drugs and their practical application

Author name: يسر محمد عبد المجيد
Supervisor name: عي عبد الامير الصالحي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة تحمل نبات الثيل العراقي Cynodon dactylon لاجهاد بعض العناصر الثقيلة خارج وداخل الجسم الحي == Study the Iraqi Grass Plants Cynodon dactylon L. Tolerance for Some Heavy Metals Stress in vivo and in vitro

Author name: احمد نظمي عبد الحميد
Supervisor name: علي عبد الامير الصالحي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اهمية جزيئيات بيتا - ديفنسين وجزيئات مستضدات خلايا الدم البيض البشرية نوع ج كعوامل خطر في شدة الاصابة بـ COVID-19 == Significance of Beta-defensins and HLA-G Molecules as Risk Factors for Severity of COVID-19

Author name: نور ثائر عدنان البياتي
Supervisor name: علي حسين ادحية
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة جرثومية ووراثية للنبيت الطبيعي لمرضى السلس البولي لدى نساء مدينة بغداد == Bacteriological and Genetic Study in The Urinary Microbiome and Urinary Incontinence Among Sample of Iraqi Women

Author name: ضمياء عبيد شلكام
Supervisor name: رشا عبد علي الخالدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

العوامل المكونة للاوعية الدموية المصاحبة لخط خلايا جديد لسرطان الثدي المنتج محليا == ngiogenesis Factors Associated With New Locally Established Breast Cancer Cell Line.

Author name: ورود جواد علاك
Supervisor name: محفوظة عباس عمران | احمد مجيد الشمري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

استخلاص وتنقية وتوصيف اليوريز من بعض البذور المحلية

Author name: حنان ياسين محسن الغراوي
Supervisor name: ابتسام عبد الحسين الخفاجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تاثير المستخلص الكحولي لنبات كف مريم على بعض المتغيرات البايوكيميائية والسايتولوجية في الجرذان المصابة بالسكري المستحدث بالالوكسان == Effect of alcoholic Anastatica hierochuntica extract on some biochemical and histological parameters in alloxan induced diabetic rats

Author name: فريال شعبان منسي
Supervisor name: حسن فياض سمير | علي صادق محمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Biotechnology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تمييز بعض التراكيب الوراثية من الرز (Oryza sativa) باستخدام مؤشرات الدنا == Identification of several rice genotypes (Oryza sativa) using DNA markers based methods

Author name: هيبة قيصر يونان
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم عبد الرزاق | بلال كامل سليمان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

انتاج مركبات البايرثرين في المزارع النسيجيه لنبات الداوودي (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium) == Production of Pyrethrins in Tissue Cultures of Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium

Author name: سلام عادل احمد النقشبندي
Supervisor name: مؤيد صبري الخالدي | كاظم محمد ابراهيم الصميدعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

Biosafety And Biosecurity A Growing Concern

Author name: israa aziz hasan
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • biotechnology techniques

دراسة وراثية وانزيمية للفئران المشبعة بجرع واطئة من الاشعاع

Author name: شيماء جمال احمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • 1.تقنيات احيائية.

Evaluation of human oral Lactobacillus for production of IgA protease

Author name: Heba Taki Rasheed
Supervisor name: Subhi. J .Hamza | Hassan. F. Sameer
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التقييم الجزيئي والكيموحيوي لعينة من العراقيين المصابين بداء العملقة

Author name: ناظم مشتاق هاشم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • المستنصرية

دراسة جزيئية ومنبعية على السفلس بين متبرعي الدم في محافظة ذي قار == Molecular and Immunological Study on Syphilis among Blood Volunteers in Thi - Qar province

Author name: عمران مزهر لعواس
Supervisor name: كامل مطشر الجبوري | يحيى عبد الرضا عباس
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
First pages:

التحري الجزيئي عن جين الضراوة rmp لبكتيريا Neisseria gonorrhoeae المعزولة محليا من المرضى البالغين == Molecular Detection of Virulance rmp Gene in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolated from Adult patients

Author name: مهـند كـريم عنيد الساعدي
Supervisor name: نورية عبد الحسين علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study included 80 clinical samples from patients suspected to have gonorrhoea (a urine sample and two direct smears from each patient) from different areas of Baghdad, the Kut and Suwairah regions, from private clinics and laboratories for the time period from November 2011 till June 2012. Cases caused by gonococci were diagnosed by finding the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria in the samples using microscopic examination and culturing on media cultures for all the 80 samples which included 17 (21.25 %) women and 63 (78.75 %) men. Microscopy and culture revealed that 47 out of the 80 (58.75 %) samples were positive : 35(43.75 %) of them diagnosed by both microscopy and culture on chocolate agar, Neisseria media and modified Thayer - Martin media; while 9 (11.25 %) samples were diagnosed by microscopy alone (cultures were negative) and the remaining 3 (3.75 %) samples by culture alone (microscopy was negative). Results of the genetic diagnosis looking for the bacteria causing gonorrhoea using primers specific for the rmp gene which were specially designed for this study revealed that 77 (96.25 %) of the direct smears and 75 (93.75 %) of the urine samples were positive. Results of the Nitrogen bases sequence of the PCR technology of the samples in this study revealed consistency reaching up to 99 % with the Nitrogen bases sequence of the rmp gene present in the N. gonorrhoeae strain of the WHO. This study presented high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea using the PCR technology which is cheaper and faster than the conventional methods currently used in the hospitals and laboratories.

دراسة وراثية عن الطوافر البكتيرية المفككة للمركبات الفينولية

Author name: دانية منعم حامد الجادر
Supervisor name: صبحي دواد حمزة | ميساء جاسب
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: During this study (30) bacterial isolates from (55) soil samples and (10) water samples previously contaminated with petroleum oils were isolated and then screened for their capability for degrading phenol and analine . only (5) isolates were selected which show higher growth and degradation activity on the two substrates and identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa A13 and A5 , Escherichia coli A2 and A11 ، Enterobacter cloacae A8. Adaptation of isolates (A13, A11, A8, A5, A2) in higher concentrations of phenol (500 - 3000) µg/ml and analine (5003500) µg/ml were done . As much as (70,75and 80)% of (2000 µg/ml) phenol and (70,75 and 85)% of (2500 µg/ml) analine were degraded after 3 days of incubation. Number of mutants were generated by using 500 µg/ml of Nitrosoguanidine at incubations time (0.5,1.0and 2.0) hr .It was found that period of 1hr enough to induce mutation in the bacterial isolates in this study . and increased degradation activity as much as (90,90and 97)% of (2000 µg/ml) phenol and (90,97 and 100)% of (2500 µg/ml) analine were degraded by isolates (A13M2, A11M4and A8M12)respectively . Genetic analysis by electrophoretic agarose gel show that (A13, A8 and A8M12) isolates contain three plasmid bands However isolates (A11, A11M4 and A13M2) contain only two . Curing of plasmid frome the three isolates,« A11M4, A13M2 and A8M12»,were done by using acridine orange , ethidum bromide and SDS . It was found that 2200 µg/ml SDS and200 µg/ml acridine orange were capable of curing plasmids frome A11M4, A13M2 . All attempts for curing plasmid of isolates A8M12 was failed , however transformation of plasmid DNA of isolates A11M4, A13M2 and A8M12 in to E. coli MM294 was achieved . Results of the experiments indicate that these plasmids were responsible for degradation ability in the transformed isolates.

دراسة السمية الوراثية لحبوب منع الحمل على الانسان والفئران البيض == Study the genotoxicity for oral contraceptive pills on human and white mice

Author name: اسراء ايوب علوان منصور القره غولي
Supervisor name: عبد الامير ناصر الركابي | سعد محمد الندا
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الهدف من الدراسة الحالية هو تسليط الضوء على التاثيرات الوراثية الخلوية لحبوب منع الحمل الفموية المركبة على عينات دم ماخوذة من نساء اعتمدن هذا العقار كمانع حمل وفي الحيوانات المختبرية (الفار الابيض) بوصفه نظاما اختباريا ، وتم الاعتماد على بعض التحليلات الوراثية الخلوية شملت الانحرافات الكروموسومية في خلايا نقي العظم والطحال ، الانوية الصغيرة ومعامل الانقسام بالاضافة الى تشوهات الهيكل العظمي للاجنة في الفار الابيض، والانحرافات الكروموسومية ، الانوية الصغيرة ومعامل الانقسام في عينات دم الانسان . درست التاثيرات الوراثية لمجموعة من النساء بفئتين عمرية مختلفة بين )25 - 34) و(35 - 45) سنة والتي قسمت الى اربع مجاميع ، اظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فرق معنوي باحتمالية (P<0.05) في النسبة المئوية للانحرافات الكروموسومية الكلية لمجموعة من النساء اللواتي ياخذن حبوب منع الحمل المركبة (COCPs) ذوات الفئة العمرية )25 - 34) سنة ، بينما اظهرت وجود فرقا معنويا في النسبة المئوية للانحرافات الكروموسومية للنساء ذوات الفئة العمرية (35 - 45) سنة . كذلك لوحظ وجود فرق معنوي باحتمالية (P<0.05) في اعداد الانوية الصغيرة (MN) لمجموعة من نساء ياخذن (COCPs) في كلا الفئتين العمريتين. في التجربة الاخرى درست التحليلات الوراثية الخلوية (الانحرافات الكروموسومية) للمانع (COCPs) على الفئران، التي قسمت الى خمس مجاميع شملت مجموعة السيطرة السالبة التي تمثل الحيوانات المجرعة بدارئ (PBS) ومجموعة السيطرة الموجبة المعاملة بعقار السايكلوفوسفومايد (CP) وثلاث مجاميع معاملة بالمانع (COCPs) بالتراكيز(2.44), (1.25) (0.60) , ملغم / كغم ، اشارت النتائج ان التركيزين (2.44), (1.25) ملغم / كغم سجلا فروقا معنوية باحتمالية (P<0.05) في نسبة الانحرافات الكروموسومية بينما لم تسجل المجموعة ذات التركيز (0.60) ملغم / كغم فرقا معنويا في نسبة الانحرافات الكروموسومية لخلايا نقي العظم والطحال . واظهرت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي وجود فروقا معنوية باحتمالية (P<0.05) للجرع المختلفة للمانع (COCPs) على اعداد الانوية الصغيرة اذ كانت معدلات اعداد الانوية الصغيرة هي (1.26) , (2.50) , (3.53) للجرع ذات التراكيز (2.44) ،(1.25) ، (0.60) ملغم /كغم على التوالي. وكذلك اظهرت النتائج ان هناك فروقا معنويا باحتمالية (P<0.05) في معدل اوزان اجنة فئران المجاميع المدروسة ، فقد اظهرت مجموعة السيطرة السالبة اعلى معدل وزن للاجنة بلغ (1.55) غم، في حين سجلت معاملة السيطرة الموجبة اقل معدل وزن بلغ (0.56) غم. بينما كانت معدلات اوزان الاجنة للمجاميع المجرعة بالمانع ((COCPs ذات التراكيز (0.60) , (1.25) , (2.44) ملغم /كغم هي (1.34) , (1.32) (1.40),غم على التوالي . اما بالنسبة لحساب عدد هلاكات الاجنة فلم يوجد اي تاثير ملحوظ لحبوب منع الحمل المركبة (COCPs) على هلاكات الاجنة في حين ظهرت الهلاكات بنسبة عالية جدا في السيطرة الموجبة ، لكن عند دراسة تاثير حبوب منع الحمل المركبة على الهيكل العظمي للاجنة لم نلحظ اي تشوهات بالهياكل العظمية لجميع اجنة الفئران للمجاميع الثلاث المعاملة بحبوب منع الحمل المركبة . | Our work aimed to study the cytogenetic effects of Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) on blood samples obtained from women utilized this contraceptive and lab animals (mice) treated with (COCPs). Several cytogenetic analyses (Chromosome aberrations of bone marrow and spleen , Micronuclei , Mitotic index and skeleton abnormal of embryos) in mice and (CA , MN , MI) in blood samples of human were used in this study . Studied the genetic effect for women in two age groups rang between (25 - 34) , (35 - 45) years in four groups. Result show non significant difference (P<0.05) in percentage of total chromosome aberration in women taking (COCPs) of age group rang between (25 - 34) years. While show significant differences (P<0.05) in percentage of (CA) in women of age group rang between (35 - 45) years. Also it was noticed significant differences (P<0.05) in Micronuclei (MN) of women taking oral contraceptive pills of two age groups. In other experiment studied the cytogenetic analysis for (COCPs) on mice that were divided into five groups as follows : Negative control group that animals orally treated with PBS buffer, Positive control group was treated with (CP) and three groups treated with (COCPs) with concentration (2.44) , (1.25) , (0.60) mg/kg and the result show was concentration (2.44) , (1.25) mg/kg recorded significant differences (P<0.05) while group with concentration (0.60) mg/kg non significant difference. also it was noticed Significant differences (P<0.05) in three groups treated with (COCPs) in Micronuclei rate and were the rates (3.53%) , (2.50%) , (1.26%) of concentration (2.44) , (1.25) , (0.60) mg/kg. Also result show statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in body weight of mice embryo of studied groups, Negative control group recorded rate highly in embryo body weight was (1.55) gm. While recorded Positive control group rate less in weight was (0.56) gm while were rates in embryo body weight of orally treated groups with (COCPs) with concentration (2.44) , (1.25) , (0.60) mg/kg were (1.40) , (1.32) , (1.34) gm . but non show any influences to (COCPs) in embryo number .while show died embryos in positive control group. also the results show non any abnormality in skeleton of embryos for three groups that treated with oral contraceptive pills.

تقييم دور الجين في دم نساء عراقيات مصابات بسرطان الثدي == Evaluation The Rule of Mammoglobin A Gene In Blood of Iraqi Women With Breast Cancer

Author name: نانسي فيصل رشيد
Supervisor name: امنة نعمة الثويني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Mammaglobin A is a member of the superfamily of secretoglobins. Its expression is highly specific for mammary tissue and has been shown to be overexpressed in breast tumor tissue, indicating that mammaglobin A might confer a growth advantage to mammaglobin A - expressing tumor cells. The present study was undertaken to develop the mammaglobin A as a serum biomarker for the early detection of breast cancer, and breast cancer patients follow up after treatments. This study had taken ten months, it involved 84 patients with age ranged 15 - 74 years who had diagnosed with either stage I to III breast cancer or benign lesions of breast at certain Iraqi hospitals and breast cancer centers, and a total number of 10 apparently healthy individuals, with comparable age range of patients as control group.Ten ml of venous blood was collected from studied groups in order to be used for measuring estrogen and progesterone levels, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) test for detection of their serum m - RNA mammaglobin A existence, and serum mammaglobin A levels using Enzyme - Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Demographic study revealed that most cases enrolled in this study were women within their reproductive age 25 - 44 years old. Distribution of patients according to age group, marital status, and lactation status showed no statistically significant association (P>0.05) with any of these variables, in all comparison.The hormonal study states that elevated levels of estrogen were observed in 52 (62%) patients, also decrease in progesterone levels were observed in 50 (59%) patients out of the 84 cases studied. This indicate a highly significant SUMMARYassociation (p < 0.01) between breast cancer risk, elevated estrogen levels, and decrease in progesterone levels. Mammaglobin A protein was detectable by ELISA in 100% of breast cancer patients (65 case), and not in any benign tumor patients (19 case) nor healthycontrol women (10 females) which indicate the highly specificity of ELISA test (P<0.01) for measuring mammaglobin A levels in patients serum. With high concentration of protein in sera of women with late stage of breastcancer compared with a low protein concentration in sera of women with early stage of breast cancer. By applying a statistical analysis on the result it was found that serum mammaglobin A ELISA test is highly significant (P<0.01) for, differentiation between patients with metastatic breast cancer and patients with early diagnosed breast cancer. In this work, SCGB2A2 gene which coded for mammaglobin A was detected in 64 out of 65 breast cancer cases, but not in the benign or healthy individuals indicating its high specificity as a marker gene (SCGB2A2) for cells derived from mammary glands. A statistical analysis was made for comparison between the three groups, E - Malignant Tumors \ Early Stage, L - Malignant Tumors \ Late Stage, and B - benign, (E, L, and B) which show that the results of molecular study of mammaglobin A detected by RT - PCR is statistically high significance (P<0.001) when used for the differentiation between E group and B group, also between L group and B group. The results showed that mammaglobin A can become an important tool for detecting primary and metastatic breast cancer, and predicting disease outcome.

التحري الجزيئي عن النمط الثالث لداء السكري البادئ عند النضج (MODY 3) في مرضى السكري العراقيين == Molecular Investigation of Maturity Onset Diabetes of The Young Type 3 (MODY 3) In Iraqi Diabetic Patients

Author name: اسراء عدنان ابراهيم البغدادي
Supervisor name: نورية عبد الحسين علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Institute Of Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: شملت الدراسة 63 مريضا مصابا بداء السكري غير المناعي المنشا في اعمار مبكرة من ذوي التاريخ العائلي بالاصابة بمرض السكري ممن لايعانون البدانة الذين تم اختيارهم من مرضى السكري من مراجعي المركز التخصصي لامراض الغدد الصم والسكري في الرصافة/ بغداد للفترة من ايار | This study included 63 non obese patients having early onset of non immunogenic diabetes with strong family history of diabetes selected from diabetic patients attended the specialized center of endocrinology and diabetes at Alrusafa/ Baghdad during period from the begging of May 2011 till the end of February 2013. The demographic study revealed that there is no association between the disease incidence with neither the gender nor the blood group. But there is a significant difference in the distribution of the patients according to age of the first diagnosis and gender, as the study showed that majority of male patients (53.846%) were first diagnosed with hyperglycemia below the age of 20 while the majority of females (72.972%) were first diagnosed with hyperglycemia after the age of 20.The distribution of patients according to the type of treatment also reveled association between the gender and both age of diagnosis and type of treatment of the hyperglycemia as the study showed that there is a higher percent of male patients (80.768%) using insulin at the beginning of their diagnosis with hyperglycemia or transferred later to insulin than those of females (67.565%).The present study reported for the first time in Iraq the presence of monogenic diabetes (maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3) as major cause of diabetes within non obese diabetic patients' early onset of non immunogenic diabetes with strong family history of diabetes. The sequence analysis of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1? gene showed that Iraqis have mutational hot spot at exons 3 and 4 of this gene responsible for maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3, and that mutations in the promoter region or exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 are a rare cause of diabetes.

التحري عن التشوهات الكروموسومية وطفرات المورث FLT3/ITD في مرضى ابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد == Screening For Chromosomal Aberrations And Gene Mutations FLT3/ITD In Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author name: سمارة كاظم محمد
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين مويت الفيصل
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Institute Of Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية من اجل تسليط الضوء على تاثيرات مرض ابيضاض الدم ((AMLفي بعض معايير الوراثة الخلوية والجزيئية الحاصلة في كريات الدم البيضاء في ثلاثة حالات للمرضى اشتملت على مرحلة ما قبل العلاج, في اثناء العلاج وبعد العلاج الكيميائي. كما شملت الدراسة ا | The present study was designed to shed light on the cytogenetic and molecular effects caused by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis in three stages before, during and after treatment with chemotherapy (in vitro) in lymphocytes. It was also aimed to investigate chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation and FLT3/ITD point mutations in CN - AML region 100 - 300 bp compared with healthy control. The study was comprised of forty - seven AML Iraqi patients their ages ranged between 2.5 - 81 years. It included twenty females and twenty seven males compared with twenty - six healthy control. The following results were obtained : AML is most common leukemia in adults and uncommon in children. It was found that 46.8% patients suffer from AML, who were under 15 years old, while 19.15% patients their age ranged between 16 - 30 years; 19.15% of patients their age were more than 45 years and 14.9% of patients their age ranged between 31 - 45 years of the total AML patients. AML is more common in males than females. The percentages of females and males were 42.5% and 57.5% respectively representing 1.35 : 1.00 male : female ratio. Two AML patients 5.3% have diploid cells when examined under light microscope. The highest mitotic index was 7.498±1.7 occurred in patients before taking treatment while recorded 6.784±4.5 during treatment and 7.000±2.5 after treatment. Nuclear anomalies such as nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds were observed in AML patients, Micronucleus mean values recorded 0.033±0.018, 0.020±0.00015 and 0.036±0.01for AML patients before, during and after treatment respectively when compared with the control which recorded 0.002±0.00002. Nuclear division index (NDI) means before, during and after treatment of AML patients were 1.658±0.2, 1.000±0.022 and 1.424±0.19 respectively. Significant differences occurred among the three groups when compared with the control group (1.282±0.09). Extracted DNA from 30 AML patients was amplified by PCR to obtain FLT3/ITD gene from exon 11 to intron 12 and ten of them sent for sequencing. Two patients showed larger bands (470 and 460) bp when compared with wild type (330) bp. Among six patients, three displayed point mutations of deletion and substitution while others were normal since no mutations were detected. The percentages of mutation types were substitution 57.78% and deletion 22.2%. The effect of mutations was missense mutation (55.54%), deletion (22.22%) and nonsense (22.22%). It has been concluded from the current work that AML is more common in adult males, patients suffer from AML exhibited high MI, NDI, MN and point mutations are present in such patients including deletion and substitution causing missense, nonsense and deletion.
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