اسم المؤلف:
باسم كسار كظم وادي البركات
اسم المشرف:
متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
المستخلص:
This study examined the relations of the Ottoman - Austrian from 1526 to 1606 and is an important period at the level of relations between the two countries, Ottoman Empire took a period of time suited to its geographic area, which was virtually the largest and longest in the history of nations and empires, reaching an area, which is at its highest power and expansion, over fourteen million square kilometer. It was brought to the attention of the world politically and religiously, when the sixteenth century witnessed a lot of events and developments, it was pivotal century, as witnessed very large shifts and adjustments at all levels and known as a century of military confrontations between the various parties, including the conflict and wars between the Ottoman Empire and Austria, which was part of the war relations between East and West, it was no doubt a century of huge transformations in political systems and direct contacts and missions between the limbs across the Mediterranean Sea and it was also a century of situational alliances and urgent benefits, therefore it was impossible to separate politics from religion, and in particular, what related to file conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the European powers, it was the Renaissance and the Reformation, and the geographical explorations and colonies spread all over the world. The reason for choosing the topic of Ottoman - Austrian relations from 1526 to1606, was Austria's significant role in standing in front of the largest empire in the world to reach to the heart of Europe and controlled it, so Austria stood bulwark in facing Ottoman policy and its progress towards the West, as well as the fact that that period was important for the age of the Ottoman Empire in particular and history in general when it lived in its strengths. To cover these events and developments between the Ottoman Empire and the Austrian this study is divided into the introduction ,four chapters ,a conclusion and summary in English, and the first chapter discusses the relations of the Ottoman - Austrian for the period 1526 - 1566 AD period of the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, and this period represents summit relations in the military side between the two countries and Hungary and controlling it, was the main conflict in the battle of Mohacs in 1526 AD and followed by crawling toward the capital of Austria and siege in 1529 AD, this conflict between the two countries over Hungary coincided with the movement of religious reform that appeared in Europe, which weakened the Europeans to stand in front of the Ottomans and prepare for the opportunity to Ottoman to control many areas of European, but that, this period was not devoid of diplomacy between the two countries, which culminated in establishing several treaties during this period.The first was in 1533, and the Safavid threatened to the Ottomans Eastern Front had the impact in signing the peace treaty between the Ottomans and Austria, That treaty did not put an end to the hostilities attacks between the two sides, and raids on Hungary continued, and ended with the second Treaty in 1547. In spite of holding the treaty but hostilities continued on the border between the two countries till the death of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566, and the second chapter represents the Ottoman - Austrian relations for the period 1566 to 1578 AD which was culminated in the reconciliation Treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Austria in 1568, and the Ottoman Emirate campaign on Astrakhan, which was under the Russian control during the reign of Ivan IV, but the campaign failed without controlling the Emirate, while an important event appeared during this period between the East and the West, it was the Crusader alliance, which was formed by Pope Pius V and Habsburg Empire and Venice, according to the Ottoman attack and occupation of Cyprus in 1570, culminated in the NATO victory EU on the Ottomans at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, which was the most famous war for the defeat of the Ottomans during the sixteenth century, as Chapter III confirmed Ottoman - Alhabsburgah relations (1578 - 1593) AD, which includes Ottoman - English convergence who appeared during this period, because of its impact on the Habsburg joint collaboration between the Ottomans and England in the hit Habsburg Catholics through military support to the Protestants who formed the strength to stand in front of the emperors of Habsburg in all regions of the Romania holy empire, as focused on the axis of an important issue during this period that had occupied the throne of the Polish European circles during the second half of the sixteenth century, and entered into the competition between Austria, Ottomans and Russia. The fourth chapter has dealt with the Ottoman - Alhabsburgah long war in the Balkans (1593 - 1606) AD. In which Europeans showed two important aspects. The first was the principle of the alliance between Aldanobia Emirates and their alliance with the Emperor of Austria, and the second is the development of the military side of the Europeans, which enabled them to the rhythm of several military defeats the Ottomans, at a time when the Ottoman Empire lived in turmoil and chaos as a result of internal rebellions taking place in some regions and Affiliates, in addition to the Safavid threat which began to threaten the eastern front. The result of this has made Ottoman Empire occur in war on two fronts. So it was eventually forced to sign the treaty peace between the Ottoman Empire and Austria and it was named Stafatourk peace in 1606 AD, which showed through its provisions the weakness that appeared on the Ottoman Empire during the early seventeenth century through the provision of dangerous concessions at various levels, made it represents the beginning of the collapse of the Ottoman stature and strength in Europe. At the end of the research we reach the conclusion that the Ottoman Empire at the end of the sixteenth century began vulnerable than it was in the beginning of the century after it reached the maximum of its glory and greatness, while Austria began to develop its military operations as a result of the development in its military capabilities, so that enabled it to repel many Ottoman attacks and made them give big losses. In the end we can say that the beginning of the seventeenth century saw the emergence of many great empires, including the empire of Austria, which became comparable to the Ottoman Empire in all parts of the world
