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تباين التوزيع المكاني للخدمات المجتمعية في مدينة البصرة Spatial Distribution Differentiation of Societal Services in Basrah

اسم المؤلف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
اسم المشرف: ماهر يعقوب موسى
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية البشرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2002
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لتربة محافظة ذي قار وتاثيراتها في الانتاج الزراعي : دراسة في جغرافية التربة Physical and Chemical Properties of Thi - Qar's Soil and their Effects on the Agricultural product A study in Soil Geography

اسم المؤلف: نجم عبد الله رحيم العبد الله
اسم المشرف: صباح شافي الهادي عبد الله سالم المالكي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: جغرافية التربة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2006
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

التواءات مجرى شط العرب : دراسة جغرافية Meanders of River Shatt Al - Arab A Study Geography

اسم المؤلف: سالم جاسم سلمان الجميلي
اسم المشرف: رحيم حميد عبد ثامر العبدان
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية البيئية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Rivers meandering is a common feature of rivers , Which take place above the surface of the earth, and vary the intensity of those aliases from one river to another and from place to place depending on the severity of the impact of factors and processes affected by, And the development of these meandering, from the simple bend to twisting and then to a bend The study showed that the torsions of the Shatt al - Arab stream are one of the geomorphological problem formed by many factors , Tectonic, topographic, climatic and hydrological factors are one of the many aspects of the study area , The work of the river consists of three processes (sculpture, erosion and sedimentation) The morphological, morphological, and hydrothermal erosion processes in the study area contributed to this Which resulted in the fluctuation of the amount of annual revenue and monthly discharge and the variation of the speed and direction of the water current and the hydraulic pressure on the banks in the formation (Eleven meanders) Starting from Qurna north to end in FAO and at the mouth of the river in the northern part of the Arabian Gulf, a distance of (190 km), which runs between two showrooms (29,45000 - 310000) The objective of the study is to identify the factors affecting the development and development of the Shatt al - Arab stream and the determination of the geomorphological processes contributing to the formation of the river'smeandering And analysis of morphometric characteristics and to identify the natural and human potential and to determine the risks and use of the study, laboratories of the Faculty of Marine Sciences and Agriculture , As well as the laboratory of the company (B.p) as well as the laboratory of water injection company of the Ministry of Oil Recent programs have been used to address the study, such as the use of geographic information technology (GIS) on maps and satellite imagery , The study also relied on the data of the topographic survey of the depths of the Shatt al - Arab stream and were converted into explanatory and analytical forms. The study shows that tectonic, topographic, soil and hydrological factors The two main processes are water, river, and morphotonic erosion The study showed that there is a variation of the morphometric characteristics of the torsions, and by the classification of the true and perfect lengths of the torsions, according to the length of the course, the zigzag ratios, their symmetry values, their ranges, the trends of their tops, their longitudinal and transverse sections, Rates for the depths of the Qurna up Aliasing or om Alrusas. The study found that the most complex sections of the terrain and the deepest points. It was possible to classify the meandering that passes through the stage of youth and others mature in the geomorphological cycle as the study showed . The most severe erosion of the Shatt al - Arab stream is in the area of Kut Akkab . The study showed that the mostimportant potential offered by rivers meandering is tourism potential. The most negative effect is river meandering , Is the geomorphological change of the river. The stream is still moving towards Iraqi territory and adding its entrances to large areas to the Islamic Republic of Iran . The human factors have a secondary role that is not fundamental to the training process. The study concludes with the conclusions, the list of sources and the summary in English.
الصفحات الاولى:

الاستراتيجية الامريكية تجاه العراق على اثر احتلال دولة الكويت 1990 - 2003 : دراسة تاريخية American Strategy toward Iraq after the occupation of Kuwait State 1990 - 2003 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: غسان بنيان جلود الشويلي
اسم المشرف: ياسين طه ياسين الهارون
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2018
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Iraq's relationship with marked United States since antiquity, but that relationship was ruled by the nature of international relations and global policy environment, and historical evidence pointed toward this relationship, which differed in different historical phases that passed by, through us site United States of America in international balance, Iraq has become a centerpiece of American interest and particularly after the end of World War II, especially after he became one of the most important factors for oil factor in the success of this war, and that Iraq enjoys a strategic location and its resources made it in Us policy priorities in accordance with the adopted strategy planning with multiple policies that has undergone transformation strategy wisdom international and regional situations and the Interior, as the actual intervention process began for the United States to Iraq and who skipped interest .Was the importance of this shift in the regional environment, after the fall of the Shah of Iran strategic ally of the United States in the Middle East, you may select the normal route of us strategic shift toward Iraq since Iran - Iraq war in 1980 - 1988, as The American decision maker, need to go towards a strategy to embrace Iraq, intelligence and logistical support in the course of the war, but that does not mean that the shift was not aimed at distancing strategy was primarily to destroy those strong regional area, and limit the expansion of Capabilities in the Middle East, the fact that both parties had United States animosity and ideological threat to their interests and its allies in the region that they both carry elements of geopolitical and economic and military power .The United States has adopted .And had proved its features and clearly as strategic shifts since the end of the Gulf war as a shift in the nature of dealing with the Iraqi file since 1993 - 2001, the policy of containment through economic and humanitarian dimensions, and carried military and security was intended to make the strategic dimension towards Iraq as Came the decision to stop the war, which set out the nature of the risks that they must stand against it based on the policy of containment, especially weapons of mass destruction, under UN Security Council resolutions, but that policy has failed to achieve the goal and different lobbyists around him success optimal strategy against Iraq was To be going towards a more effective policy that regime change in Iraq declared goal in light of the American strategy in Iraq Liberation Act .I took the success factors in Bush administration Jr in 2001 - 2003 September 11 helped in 2001, which varied around them, and what are the objectives behind them, but it's considered one of the most important factors in the nature of the shift towards Iraq and the ensuing consequences and becoming Opportunity invested by the Bush administration and neocons in the implementation strategy that drew toward Iraq since 1990, and go toward preemptive war, which was considered the decisive factor in achieving goal after failing military strategy of deterrence and containment, by connecting Iraq, global terrorism under the pretext of developing weapons of mass destruction, the US administration took escalating toward rogue States that support terrorism and Iraq was the priority attention being an anchor and a goal can usually process the overall security and military policy integration
الصفحات الاولى:

العلاقات التركية المصرية 1980 - 1993 : دراسة تاريخية Turkish - Egyptian Relations 1980 - 1993 (Historical study

اسم المؤلف: عمار عبد الرضا ماهود الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: طيبة خلف عبد الله
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2018
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: الاقليمي في المنطقة, وتجمع بينهما مجموعة صفات متقاربة او مشتركة, فمن حيث الموقع الجغرافي يتمتع البلدان بموقع جغرافي ممتاز, له اهميته الجيوسياسية في منطقة مهمة واستراتيجية من العالم, هي منطقة الشرق الاوسط, وهما البلدان الوحيدان في المنطقة اللذان لهما امتدادات في قارتين؛ فاراضي تركيا تتوزع بين اسيا واوربا, وتشكل حلقة اتصال بينهما, وكذلك مصر التي تمتد اراضيها في قارتي افريقيا واسيا, كذلك يمتلك البلدان سواحل طويلة على البحر المتوسط, كل ذلك جعل البلدين يتمتعان باهمية بالغة في الشرق الاوسط. ان النظام السياسي في كلا البلدين نظام جمهوري, تلعب فيه المؤسسة العسكرية دورا بارزا, وتولى ضباط الجيش منصب رئاسة الجمهورية, مع وجود رئيس للحكومة عادة ما يكون مدنيا, يتولى ادارة شؤون البلاد الداخلية والخارجية, فضلا عن انهما من البلدان النامية, وتشكل الزراعة فيهما النشاط الاقتصادي الرئيس للسكان, وانهما يعانيان من مشاكل اقتصادية متشابهة متمثلة في التضخم, وزيادة المديونية الخارجية, لذلك اتبعا مجموعة نظم واجراءات اقتصادية, من اجل التخلص من هذه المشاكل, فضلا عن ذلك هنالك تماثل في التكوين الاجتماعي, وفي عدد السكان في البلدين, والتداخل الديموغرافي بين ابناء الشعبين (التركي والمصري), فهناك مصريون من اصول تركية, وهناك اتراك من اصول عربية مصرية. اضف الى ذلك كون البلدين يرتبطان بعلاقة متميزة مع الولايات المتحدة الامريكية طيلة المدة التي هي قيد الدراسة, وكانا اكثر بلدين يتلقيان مساعدات اقتصادية منها بعد "اسرائيل" من الولايات المتحدة الامريكية, كذلك يرتبطان دون غيرهما من البلدان الاسلامية, بعلاقات دبلوماسية جيدة مع "اسرائيل" في هذه المدة. كل هذا التشابه بين البلدين وغيره, دفع الباحث الى اختيار الموضوع, فضلا عن افتقار المكتبات في الجامعات العراقية والتركية والمصرية, الى دراسة اكاديمية تتناول بحث العلاقات التركية المصرية, وتحليلها في المدة 1980 - 1993, تقف على نقاط التشابه التي تم ذكرها, ودورها في تنمية العلاقات بين البلدين في مختلف الجوانب. اما سبب تحديد عام 1980 لبدء الدارسة فيكمن في ان العلاقات التركية المصرية شهدت الانطلاقة الحقيقية نحو التطور في هذا العام, بعد تسلم كنعان ايفرين رئاسة الجمهورية التركية, على اثر الانقلاب العسكري في الثاني عشر من ايلول 1980, وسعيه الى توثيق علاقات تركيا مع الدول العربية, والدور الذي لعبه توركوت اوزال في توجه تركيا نحو مصر وباقي الدول العربية, سواء عندما كان رئيسا للوزراء على دورتين (1983 - 1989), ام بعد توليه رئاسة الجمهورية (1989 - 1993), وقد توقفنا في البحث عند عام 1993؛ لانه يمثل سنة وفاة توركوت اوزال الذي كان له دور الرئيس في تطوير سياسة تركيا الداخلية والخارجية, وعلاقاتها السياسية والاقتصاد مع مصر وباقي الدول العربية, وبذلك انتهت الحقبة الاوزولية التي امتدت من عام 1983 حتى عام 1993. وقد اعتمد الباحث في تقسيم الدارسة على وحدة الموضوع, مع مراعاة المنهج التاريخي بما يتطلب من تتبع للاحداث والوقائع المختلفة، حسب التسلسل التاريخي, مما يجعل التعمق في بحث الاحوال والمؤثرات التاريخية امرا ضروريا؛ لفهم تطور العلاقات التركية المصرية, ولذا كان ترتيب الفصول على الشكل الاتي : الفصل الاول, تناولت فيه طبيعة العلاقات التركية المصرية قبل عام 1980, وهو فصل تمهيدي, يعرض بالبحث والتحليل العلاقات التركية المصرية منذ قيام النظام الجمهوري في مصر عام 1952, واسباب توتر العلاقات التركية المصرية في هذه المدة حتى عام 1965, ثم دراسة العوامل التي دفعت تركيا الى تغيير سياستها تجاه مصر وباقي الدول العربية, ومراحل تحسن العلاقات بين البلدين, وصولا الى عام 1980, كذلك تناول الفصل تطور العلاقات التركية المصرية في المجال الاقتصادي, والعلمي, والثقافي, والصحي, في هذه المدة. اما الفصل الثاني فقد تناول تطور العلاقات السياسية بين البلدين في المدة 1980 - 1993, والعوامل التي ادت الى هذا التطور في العلاقات, وتبادل الزيارات الرسمية بينهما على اعلى المستويات, في مدة حكم كنعان ايفرين (1980 - 1989), ومدة حكم توركوت اوزال (1989 - 1993). اما الفصل الثالث فقد تناول مجالات التعاون بين تركيا ومصر (1980 - 1993), التي اشتملت على خمسة محاور هي : المحور الاول, ويناقش المجال الاقتصادي والمسوغات التي ادت الى انفتاح البلدين نحو بعضهما, من اجل زيادة مجالات التعاون الاقتصادي بينهما في مختلف المستويات، سواء التجاري منها ام السياحي، او في مجال الصناعة (المدنية, والعسكرية), وكذلك في مجال الانشاءات والمقاولات. اما المحور الثاني فقد تناول جانب التعاون في مجال النقل البحري والجوي بين البلدين. في حين يرصد المحور الثالث التعاون في مجال مشاريع الطاقة الكهربائية وغيرها. وعاين المحور الرابع التعاون في المجال القضائي، واحكام المسجونين, والمعتقلين, اما المحور الاخير فقد رصد التعاون في المجال الثقافي والعلمي، وكذلك مجال الاذاعة والتلفزيون. اما الفصل الرابع فقد وقف فيه الباحث على موضوع مهم, كان له انعكاساته على تطور العلاقات بين البلدين في مختلف المجالات, وهو موقف تركيا ومصر من القضايا الاقليمية, وقد ركزنا فقط على القضايا الاقليمية التي شهدت اهتماما مشتركا من قبل البلدين, وكان لهما موقف مشترك او متباين منها, ومدى تعاونهما مع بعضهما؛ لايجاد حلول لبعض هذه القضايا, واهم هذه القضايا التي تم تناولها هي : حرب الخليج الاولى (1980 - 1988), والصراع العربي "الاسرائيلي", المتمثل في هذه المدة بتطورات القضية الفلسطينية, والاجتياح "الاسرائيلي" للبنان في عام 1982, وتطورات القضية القبرصية, اضافة الى ازمة الخليج (1990 - 1991), واخيرا الحرب في البوسنة والهرسك عام 1992, وعلى الرغم من ان هذه الموضوعات هي موضوعات سياسية, الا انها تعد خارجة عن موضوع تطور العلاقات السياسية بين البلدين؛ لانها تمثل قضايا اقليمية كان لتركيا ومصر موقف منها, لذا تم تناولها في فصل خاص, ولم تدمج مع الفصل الثاني من الاطروحة. ثم تلت هذه الفصول خاتمة, ضمنها الباحث اهم النتائج التي تمخضت عنها الدراسة. اعتمدت فصول الدراسة على مجموعة كبيرة من المصادر الاصيلة، ياتي في مقدمتها عدد غير قليل من الوثائق التركية غير المنشورة، المحفوظة في ارشيف الدولة التركية في انقرة (Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü), فضلا عن مجموعة من الوثائق التركية المنشورة في الجريدة الرسمية التركية (Resmi Gazete)، وهي جريدة معنية بنشر الاتفاقيات الدولية والقوانين بعد مصادقتها من قبل رئيس الجمهورية, هذا فيما يخص الوثائق التركية التي اعتمدتها الدراسة، اما الوثائق المصرية فقد اطلعت على الاتفاقيات والبروتوكولات بين مصر وتركيا, المنشورة في الجريدة الرسمية المصرية, والتي تصدر عن مركز المعلومات والتوثيق ودعم اتخاذ القرار في الهيئة العامة لشؤون المطابع الاميرية في امبابة في محافظة الجيزة، اذ تنشر هذه الجريدة جميع الاتفاقيات والبروتوكولات التي توقعها مصر مع دول العالم بعد مصادقة رئيس الجمهورية عليها، وموافقة وزير الخارجية على نشرها, فضلا عن التقارير الصادرة عن المؤسسات الرسمية مثل الامم المتحدة, والبنك الدولي, وتقارير السفارات. كذلك اعتمدت فصول الاطروحة على عدد كبير من الكتب العربية والمعربة والكتب الاجنبية, التي رفدت الاطروحة بمعلومات مهمة, ومنها كتاب (التطورات المعاصرة في العلاقات العربية التركية) لمؤلفه خليل ابراهيم الناصري, ويعد من المصادر المهمة, اذ اعتمد المؤلف على عدد من المؤلفات التركية، والاجنبية, والكتاب في الاصل رسالة ماجستير في العلوم السياسية, ومن الكتب الاخرى المهمة كتاب (العلاقات العربية التركية) بجزئه الاول الذي كان من منظور عربي وصدر عن معهد البحوث والدراسات العربية التابع لجامعة الدول العربية عام 1991, اما في جزئه الثاني فقد كتب من منظور تركي, وصدر عن معهد البحوث والدراسات العربية, بالتعاون مع مركز الابحاث للتاريخ والفنون والثقافة الاسلامية باسطنبول عام 1993, والكتاب عبارة عن مجموعة بحوث تناولت مختلف جوانب العلاقات التركية العربية, وما يؤخذ على الكتاب ان بعض تواريخ الاحداث الواردة فيه غير دقيقة, وكذلك بعض الاسماء, الامر الذي دفع الباحث الى الرجوع للجرائد؛ من اجل التاكد من تواريخ الاحداث. ومن الكتب المهمة مؤلفات الدكتور جلال عبد الله معوض, منها كتاب (صناعة القرار في تركيا والعلاقات العربية - التركية), وهو كتاب يوضح كثيرا من خبايا وتوجهات السياسة التركية, على الرغم من ان معظم فصول الكتاب تقع خارج نطاق البحث، وكتاب (قضايا العلاقات المصرية التركية), وهذا الكتاب ذو طبيعة سياسية, اعتمد فيه المؤلف على التحليل السياسي للمواقف, الا انه ذكر بعض الجوانب التاريخية في العلاقات بين البلدين, وكذلك مؤلفات الدكتور احمد نوري النعيمي, ومنها كتاب تركيا وحلف شمال الاطلسي، وهو كتاب يتناول بالبحث والتحليل موقع تركيا في حلف شمال الاطلسي واسباب انضمام تركيا لهذا الحلف, وكذلك مؤلفات الدكتور عوني عبد الرحمن السبعاوي، ومؤلفات الدكتور ابراهيم الداقوقي, وغيرهم، وتاتي اهمية هذه الدراسات في كونها مؤلفات متخصصة في عدة مجالات من شؤون تركيا. واستعان الباحث بعدد من الرسائل والاطاريح الجامعية، كانت في مقدمتها اطروحة اميرة محمد كامل الخربوطلي، الموسومة بـ(العلاقات المصرية - التركية 1952 - 1971), والتي نوقشت في كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية - جامعة القاهرة عام 1979, ومنهج كتابة الاطروحة كان منهجا سياسيا وليس منهجا تاريخيا, لكني افدت منها في معرفة خلفيات العلاقات التركية المصرية, واستعنت برسالة احمد نوري النعيمي (السياسة الخارجية التركية بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية) وهي رسالة ماجستير اعتمدت على الصحافة بالدرجة الاساس وتصل لغاية عام 1975، وكذلك اطروحة احمد جاسم الطائي (موقف تركيا من قضايا المشرق العربي 1967 - 1978), فقد اشار فيها الى جوانب يمكن الافادة منها؛ لفهم العلاقات التركية المصرية, ورسالة الماجستير للباحث زياد عزيز حميد الجلبي، (السياسة الخارجية التركية 1973 - 1983) وغيرها, وقد افاد منها الباحث في الفصل الاول من الاطروحة فقط. كما شكلت البحوث المعتمدة في المؤتمرات العلمية والبحوث المنشورة في الدوريات العربية، مرتكزا اخر افاد منه الباحث في كتابة اطروحته, اذ قدمت الابحاث والدراسات معلومات قيمة عن العلاقات التركية العربية بشكل عام, وتاتي في طليعتها البحوث المنشورة في مجلة السياسة الدولية الصادرة عن مركز الاهرام, كذلك اعتمد الباحث بشكل كبير على الشهريات الموجودة في مجلة السياسة الدولية, كدليل لمعرفة الزيارات المتبادلة وتواريخها للبحث عنها, وعما دار فيها من مباحثات في الجرائد والمصادر الاخرى, كما ان مجلة السياسة الدولية كانت تعنى ايضا بنشر بعض الملفات الوثائقية عن بعض الاحداث المهمة. اما الجرائد والمجلات العربية والتركية والاجنبية, المحفوظة في دار الكتب والوثائق القومية في القاهرة, او في المكتبة الوطنية (Milli Kütüphane) في انقرة, او في دار الكتب والوثائق الوطنية في بغداد, او في مركز الدراسات الاستراتيجية في بغداد, فقد شكلت رافدا مهما من روافد الاطروحة؛ اذ اعتمد عليها الباحث اعتمادا كبيرا في توثيق الزيارات والمباحثات التي جرت بين البلدين, فقد كانت هذه الجرائد حريصة على متابعة الاحداث والمواضيع وتطوراتها, وما نتج عنها, وقد اعتمد الباحث في اغلب المواضيع على اكثر من صحيفة, ومن مختلف التوجهات؛ من اجل الوصول الى دقة المعلومة, واهم هذه الجرائد هي جريدة الاهرام المصرية, واضواء الانباء التركية, و(Milliyet) وغيرها من الجرائد. وكان للمواقع الالكترونية الموثقة اثر مهم في تزويد الاطروحة ببعض الوثائق والمعلومات, مثل موقع الامم المتحدة, وموقع مقاتل من الصحراء, وموقع عالم المعرفة وغيرها من المواقع الالكترونية . وفي الحقيقة ان هذا الجهد الذي بذل من قبل الباحث قد واجه عدة صعوبات, متعارف عليها عند اغلب الطلبة والباحثين, منها عدم اهتمام وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي في تذليل العقبات امام الطلبة؛ من اجل الحصول على الوثائق والمصادر من خارج العراق, فيبقى الطالب معتمدا على جهده الذاتي وعلاقاته الشخصية؛ من اجل الحصول على وثيقة, او كتاب نادر. ولم يدخر الباحث جهدا او مالا في سبيل ذلك, اذ قام بعدة سفرات في داخل العراق وخارجه, شملت عددا من المدن التركية والمصرية لاكثر من مرة, فضلا عن المدن العراقية, يقتفي اثر المعلومة؛ من اجل سد الثغرات, وكنت اعمل بشكل دؤوب في المكتبات التركية والمصرية لساعات طوال, باحثا في صفحات المجلات والجرائد وناقلا منها, اذ ان بعض المكتبات تمنع استعمال تقنية التصوير بكل انواعه, اما الوثائق المصرية غير المنشورة فلا يحق للباحث الاطلاع عليها, الا بعد الحصول على موافقة وزير الخارجية حصرا, وبتزكية من احد الاساتذة الجامعيين المصريين, وبعد مدة انتظار قد تصل الى اكثر من خمسة شهور, لا يتمكن الباحث من الاطلاع على جميع الوثائق التي يرغب في الحصول عليها. والشيْ الاخر الذي يدعو الى الاسى هو وجود عدة تقارير وجرائد تخص علاقة تركيا مع الدول العربية, كانت متوفرة في مكتبة مركز الدراسات الاقليمية في جامعة الموصل, ولكنها فقدت او اتلفت بعد سيطرة (داعش) على المدينة عام 2014, وعلى الرغم من كثرة الاتصالات مع بعض الاصدقاء لم اتمكن من الحصول الا على نزر يسير منها . وختاما فعلى الرغم مما بذله الباحث من جهد في اعداد هذه الدراسة، ومهما بلغ حرصه على دقتها, فانه لا يدعي الكمال فيما كتب, فالكمال لله وحده، وما اضافه من نتائج اعتمد فيها على ما توفر عليه من وثائق ومصادر علمية. وغاية ما يرجوه ان يكون قد وفق في متابعة موضوع بحثه, وان تحظى الاطروحة برضا الاساتذة الكرام، وان تكون جديرة بان تحتل مكانتها في المكتبة التاريخية العراقية ... والله الموفق . | Turkey and Egypt are considered among the most important countries in the Middle East. They share a common set of characteristics, in terms of the geographical location, the nature of political regime and economic system, the social formation, the population and so on. Both have an excellent geopolitical location which have an important geopolitical Area. Whereas the Turkish grounds lay between the continents of Asia and Europe it form a link between them, Also Egypt in which its grounds lay in Africa and Asian Areas and it forms as an important link between the ancient continents of the world (Asia, Africa, and Europe). As well both have long beaches on the Mediterranean sea. All of what mentioned above makes both countries among the most important countries of the Middle East . The political regime in both countries is a republican, and in such regime, The position of presidency should be assumed by Army officers with a head of government usually a civilian, manages the internal and external affairs of the country. As both countries are related to the growing countries in which agriculture is the main source of economy of their peoples, And both countries are suffering from economic problems, such as inflation and increasing external indebtedness. Both countries have a special relationship with the USA in the period of studied, and they were getting great economic support from the USA. The support comes in the second class, after "Israel" In addition both countries have a good diplomatic relationship with "Israel'' - that the other Islamic countries. All that similarity between the two countries, pushes the researcher to choose such a subject, to find out the similarity which has been mentioned, above and its role in growing the relation between the two countries. The researcher has divided the study depending on the unity of the subject, with observance of historical method, which is required to follow different events and attitudes according to historical sequence. And this is what makes going deeply into conditions and influences is very necessary to understand the development of Turkish - Egyptian relations. Therefore, the order of the chapters is as follows : Chapter I : The nature of Turkish - Egyptian relations until 1980Chapter II : Development of Turkish - Egyptian Political Relations 1980 - 1993Chapter III : Areas of Cooperation between Turkey and Egypt 1980 - 1993Chapter IV : The Attitude of Turkey and Egypt form The Regional Issues 1980 - 1993. The most important conclusions which have been reached by the researcher are that relations between both countries have developed relatively since 1965 and until the end of seventies, But the relations between them haven't reach advanced stages and the stage of coordination in attitudes and trends, only in the eighties and early nineties of the last century, This is reflected in the frequent visits between officials of the two countries at the highest levels, cooperation in the economic fields, the field of transport, the field of justice, the field of culture and other fields, as well as in the coordination of positions, either individually or through the Organization and the Conference. The Islamic, the United Nations. Turkey's drive towards Egypt was mainly due to two factors : the first is political; Turkey's attempt to obtain a supportive position in the Cyprus issue from the Arab and Islamic countries and the Non - Aligned Movement. Turkey was an important gateway to Egypt; to influence the positions of these countries, The economic factor was a major factor in the development of Turkish - Egyptian relations during this period. It was also the most active in the relations between the two countries because of the problems Economy Suffering from both countries. However, the economic relations between Turkey and Egypt have not reached an advanced stage compared to other Arab countries, Iraq, Libya and Saudi Arabia were the most economically connected countries with Turkey. The reason for this is that Turkey and Egypt were competing in some Economic fields. It is clear here that the process of making foreign political decision in the Turkish state has been subject to several variables internal, regional and international, has been determined the process of issuing in accordance with Turkey's political relations and economic interests with those determinants
الصفحات الاولى:

العلاقات السياسية الالمانية - اليابانية 1933 - 1941 German - Japanese political relations 1933 - 1941

اسم المؤلف: حسام طعمة ناصر
اسم المشرف: حميد احمد حمدان التميمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2018
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: After the First World War (1914 - 1918), the history of the international relations has witnessed many conflicts, some of them were born from the womb of the mitigations that were founded by the victorious countries. And the return of Germany and Japan to the cycle of the conflict, during the thirties of 20th century was one of the results of those mitigations, after they both have suffered from the oppression of the Allies Forces. The yield of Japanese policy to the army influence early thirties decade of the 20th century, and seizing the rule by Nazi in Germany in 1933, was an announcement to start a huge transition in the international relations.In the light of those conditions, the research of Germany - Japan political relations has acquired unique position for history study of the international relationships between the two World Wars. This thesis specifically addresses (1933 - 1941) era, during which, particularity in 1933, the Nazi headed by Adolf Hitler took power, with all the changes that took place in both the internal and external policy of Germany and the giant transition towered Japan. The study is concluded in 1941, where Japan officially involved in the second World War beside Germany, specifically during the bombardment of American Pearl Harbor in December of that year.The methodology of the thesis addresses both events chronologically, and at the same time maintains subject cohesion. The thesis includes a preface and four chapters, beside this introduction, conclusion, and bibliography. The preface is dedicated to research the history of the Germanys - Japanese relations advancement, up to 1933. It focused on Germany’s role in building the modern Japan, and the colonial competition between the two countries in the Middle East area. The research consists of two themes, the first has discusses the ideological elements and the political circumstances that effected the rapprochement, while the second theme discusses Germany - Japan political relations during the 1935 - 1936 period and the ratification of the anti - communism agreement on October 1936.The second chapter studies the impacts of Japan’s expansion in China on Germany - Japan relationships from 1937 to 1938. This chapter includes three themes : the first one discusses the Germany’s policyGerman - Japan political relations 1933 - 1941 toward the Far East prior to July - 1937 China - Japan war. While the second theme follows up the Germany’s attitude toward Japan - China war, and the third theme explores the internal and external factors that forced Germany to stand beside Japan, sacrificing its economic interests in China.The third Chapter is divided into three themes; the first one studies the attempts of the Japanese army to consolidate the military alliance with Germany. While the second theme discusses the impact of Germany - Soviets nonaggression treaty on the tripartite alliance negotiations. The third theme highlights the Japan’s attitude toward the Second World War in the period from September 1939 until July 1940.The fourth chapter in its three themes unveils the political relations of the two countries in light of the tripartite alliance in 1940 - 1941. The first theme focusses on the agreement discussion of the Germany - Italy - Japan tripartite alliance. While the second theme discusses the Japan - Soviet neutrality agreement in April 1941, and the Japan attitude toward the attack of its own ally, Germany, on the Soviets territories. The third theme focuses on Germany’s attitude toward America - Japan negotiations, and the Japanese attack on the American Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, Japan’s evolvement in the war beside its allies the Axis against the United States and Brittan.The thesis is counted on a group of sources and references; the most significant ones are collections of German, Britain and American documentations, in addition to a number of foreign specialized books, researches, and academic studies concerning Japan and Germany.The thesis concludes that the Germany - Japan relationships were not fully harmonious, they were rather characterized by hesitancy, perhaps due to the domination sole interests of each country over the common goals of the alliance.
الصفحات الاولى:

التجيبون في الاندلس ودورهم السياسي والفكري في الفتح حتى منتصف القرن السادس الهجري

اسم المؤلف: فؤاد حسين علي التميمي
اسم المشرف: مجيد ماجد محمد الزامل
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2010
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The pages of the thesis introduce some of the Andalus historical facets for Tojibis represent a part of this is history. This study endeavours to show the position of Tojibis in Andalus and motivate the scolars to study the Arab families and charactors in Andalus because any new study will introduce new information and facts to the Andalus library.Tojibis had a political and scintific role in Andalus since the Arab conquest till the middle of Hijri sixth century.This is a cause that made the scholas study this subject and trace this contribution of the Tojibis to this period.And because this period witnessed a political activity from Tojibis which ended in Almeria in 484 A.H/1091 A.D.The Tojibis scintific role lasted till the middle of the Hijri sixth century. The period that followed the death of some scientists like Mohammad bin Ahmed known as ibn AlHaj died in 529 A.H. / 1134 A.D., Ibn Baja - Mohammad bin Yahya died in 533 A.H/ 1138 A.D., Ahmed bin Abdul Rehman bin Eissa died in 563 A.H/ 1167 A.D doesn't witnessed emergence of scientist of that kind.There is no an independent study about Tojibis in Andalus except some references in M.A. thesis named "Al thaghr Al Aa'la Al Andalusi" "The upper frontier of Andalus. A study of political states from 95 - 316 A.H/ 714 - 928 A.D" written by Ibrahim Al samarai and some references as well about their settlement in Andalus in "Islamic Arab conquest and settlement in Andalus and north Africa"; A book written by Dr. Abdulwahid Thanoon Taha. There is a written by Dr. Mariam Qassim Taweel "The Kingdoom of Almeria of the era of Al mu'tasim bin Sumadih 443 - 484 A.H/ 1051 - 1091 A.D.".What is remarkable that the researcher made arrangements of the biographies according to their alphabet order when he studies the contribution of the Tojibis to the scientific process.This study in volves four chapters in addition to a production : Chapter one is divided in to three parts. The first part studies the origin of Tojibis and their contribution to conquest of Andalus then I studied the Tojibian Salamas in Huesca.The third part in volves the political role of Tojibis in the upper frontier through the principality 138 - 316 A.H/ 755 - 928 A.D., the caliphate era (316 - 422 A.H/ 928 - 1030 A.D) and what is called "the states of sacts" era 422 - 484 A.H/ 1041/1091 A.D.Chapter two is dedicated for religious studies which has something to do with Holy Quran. These studies involves reading and interpretation sciences. Then I took the Holy Hadith of Prophet Mohammad, of "AlRai" who have their own opinion to under stand and explain the Holy Quran and Hadith, matter of religious instructions, science of documents and finally some other Tajibis biographies.Chapter three is indicated for Arabic language studies including grammar and literature. Literature in volves poetry and prose. Prose, as well, includes oration letters and then I mentioned the Tojibis who had their own role in prose field and finally eloquency come.Chapter four includes rationalism and experimentalism that involve philosophy, medicine, engineering, history biographies and music. This study admitted a group of modern Arabic resources and others trduslated from another languages Arabic. Searches, assays, letters these and other foreign resources are available in this chapter as well.In conclusion : I reach some conclusions the most important of them one : Tojib tribe is one of Arab tribes that contributed to the Andalus conquest.Mousa bin Nossair's compaign implied so many leaders and officers of this tribe. Tojib tribe settled in the northern east of Andalus particulary in Saragossa, Droca, Huesca, Calatayoub and Almeria as well. Two families of this tribe emerged on the political stage. The first family of Abdul Rehman Al Tojibi appeared at the upper frontier. The second one is the family of sumadih in Almeria. The Tojibis role is not reduced to the political side but extended to scientific and religious life as well. Al Baji was one of the famous scholars among Tojibis in Andalus. Religious men such as Abu lzhaq Al albiri interested in poetry and philosophy as well. Al zarqali and other scientists that contributed to the scientific movement in Andalus
الصفحات الاولى:

مرويات الكوفيين في السيرة النبوية حتى منتصف القرن الثالث الهجري Novel Kufic The Prophet Biograph Mid - third century of Hijrah

اسم المؤلف: هنادي مهدي كريم الياسري
اسم المشرف: شاكر مجيد كاظم الحواني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Throughout our study of the prophetic life, and according to the Kufian study, we have come to a number of conclusions : 1 - Al Kufa is regarded as one of the first Islamic cities which was erected as well as Basra at the beginning of Islam as a natural process for the Muslim Arab to raise the banner of jihad and spread it for the sake of Allah. So Al Kufa took upon itself the responsibility of liberating the eastern lands of the Islamic caliphate.2 - Kufa included several intellectual radiant centers which attracted the scholars and the pioneers to its workshops and councils. The mosque is the most important one. For instance, the mosques in the city and Basra played a central cultural role in the early era of Islam. The importance of Kufa became greater when imam Ali (PBUH) settled down in it to make it the capital of the Islamic state in (36AH/ 656AD). He worked on developing the scientific movement and reciting the correct prophetic biography by delivering some of the eloquent speeches in the mosque of Kufa, and these speeches are all included in his book Nahj Al Balagha (The Approach of Rhetoric).3 - The study has come to a result that without the school of Ahl al - Bayt (the prophet’s close family) PBUT and their Shiites, Muslims have known nothing about the messenger of Allah as well as the Islamic sciences. Despite the persecutions which Muslims had suffered throughout history, they were able to provide a clear vision of the character of prophet Muhammad in the Kufian community which is compatible with the image mentioned in the Quran. In fact, the Shiites of Kufa relied in their stories and information on the prophet’s close family, such as Imam Ali PBUH, the prophet’s cousin and the husband of his daughter, who had lived in Kufa. His affinity and familiarity with the prophet enabled him to be the best person to relay the teachings of the prophet, and it also made him a witness to all the contemporary events which he presented in detailed documented stories to the narrators of Shiites in Kufa.4 - The narrators of Kufa gave a great attention to the documented Hadith, and they were known to be the first to research the authenticity of the Hadith at a time the concepts about the criticism of Hadith and its documented source was not familiar or known to others. As a result, the public narrators who were known as impartial and fair relied on the stories and Hadiths of the Kufian narrators due to their accuracy and validity. Thus these documented Hadiths and stories were known as the most authentic and reliable sources.5 - The people of Kufa had a role in showing the utmost care in reciting the biography of the prophet through the honest and true stories which were reported by Imams, the prophet’s selected sons.6 - It has become clear through this study that despite the Kufian environment which was persecuted by the governmental authority, the stories of the Kufian narrators have been foundedand based on the texts of the Quran. The reason behind this creditibility is that the narrators studies at the school of Ahl al - Bayt, the prophet and his close family or because some of them were interpreters of the Quran the reason which made those narrators interpret the prophetic biography depending on their explanation of the Quran.7 - The narrators of Kufa were very accurate in reciting and their understanding of the special story about the prophetic biography. Although some of those narrators got influenced by previous narrators and this influence due to the allegiance to the governmental authorities at that time, most of those narrators endured the hardship of travel to the city to make sure of even one character in the story to ensure its accuracy and authenticity.8 - Some rulers tried to insert some Israeli fake stories into the Kufian story during the period of their rule, but they faced rejection by the narrators of Kufa which led to the dismissing of those rulers.9 - The Kufian records gather the topics of the prophet’s biography. Many written works appeared on various topics of the biography, and this refers to intellectual and cultural environment which they raised in it.10 - The study leads to certain findings which asserts to the possibility of writing the biography of the prophet depending on the Kufian story since it views the subject in detail and to the full
الصفحات الاولى:

المرويات الشيعية في دراسة تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام حتى نهاية القرن التاسع الهجري Shiite Narratives in Studying the History of the Pre - Islamic Arabs Till the End of the Ninth Century AH

اسم المؤلف: عـلاء حـسـن عـلـوان المحمداوي
اسم المشرف: هشام جخيور ميري الربيعي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The Shiites were interested early in the heritage of the Imams of the prophet Mohammed's House PBUH , and what was raised in the fields of human knowledge, their writings came to include multiple aspects of knowledge, and those aspects of attention to history in all stages, whether it preceded them or those who experienced it, so it became a huge heritage, but unfortunately the paths of the ruling power at that time were against this important scientific heritage and among which that included in the information of this heritage, is the history of the Arabs before Islam according to a vision reflected by the thought of the Imams of the prophet Mohammed's House, or those who adopted their blogging knowledge. This is why my study is entitled (Shiite Narratives in Studying the History of the Pre - Islamic Arabs Till the End of the Ninth Century AH) according to a knowledge - based proposition that do not often go along with what is mentioned by the other sources because of the different structural visions of the formulation of the historical narrative, in addition, it was not preceded by a study entitled this trend, to be the first pioneer of study the history of the Arabs before Islam through Shiite narratives till the end of the ninth century AH.In my study I tried to study the origins of things before Islam and their impact in the Arab society then, so that the movement can be understood before and after Islam. In my research, I rely on a relationship - related approach in the conclusion. Due to the study capacity and multiple joints, it was necessary to divide it into only five chapters and they are : The first chapter dealt with the study of the social aspect where two subjects were included the first dealt with moral values with a sacred foundation such as generosity, covenant, hospitality and neighborhood, and the second topic, we dealt with genealogy with ideological dimension such as Arab and Hashemite descent, Persian , Nabataean and other descents. In the second chapter, we devoted it to study the religious aspect , it included a prelude to the religious names of Arabs before Islam with three sections, the first topic dealt with religious beliefs Such as monotheism, Prophet hood, reanimation and resurrection. The second topic dealt with the practices of the Arabs before Islam such as prayer, fasting and others .The third topic dealt with religions and worship such as monotheism, Magician and Judaism, Christianity and its Sabean religion and idolatry worshiping Hubbal, Allat, Aluzza, Assaf and Naelah.Chapter three deals with the political aspect of the Arabs before Islam and has been divided into two sections , the first topic came under the title of influences in the political event such as the impact of the future news in the political event, and the impact of the geographical location of the political event. The second topic deals with the tribal leadership and prescriptions and the leader and the position of the Arabs to combine the two leaderships.Chapter four is devoted to study the economic aspect and it was divided into three sections , the first section dealt with agricultural activity, the second dealt with the commercial activity and the third section dealt with industrial activity. The fifth chapter was devoted to study the scientific aspect of pre - Islam Arabs and it was divided into two sections : the first one is entitled the title of science with the otherworldly dimension, such as poetry, magic and priests.The second section is entitled sciences with applied dimension such as medicine, veterinary medicine, singing, music and others
الصفحات الاولى:

رعاية الرقيق في فكر وسلوك ائمة اهل البيت Slavery Care in the Thought and Behavior of Ahlulbayt Imams (Prophet's Family) (PBUT)

اسم المؤلف: محمد احميد عبل الركابي
اسم المشرف: نزار عبد المحسن جعفر الداغر
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2018
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The phenomenon of slavery is a social, economic, political and legal phenomenon of civilizations, nations and States that preceded the emergence of Islam for centuries. It is one of the episodes of human development and has produced impressive results for the history of mankind. The concept of slavery denotes ownership and slavery, and making a man a slave for another person as a reason for, which is different according to the laws of the nations and their laws. The meaning of slavery and its essence is the loss of a person's liberty and a man becomes a commodity owned by another person called the owner. So the slave is vulnerable to the act deprivation of life through killing or punishment and torture. Slavery may be lied in the husband and his family of the slave and disqualifies him from owning and disposing without a warrant from the owner.Islam represents a stage of human transition that humanity has never known before in dealing with slaves as human beings, not as a commodity with a spirit, and presents a problem that Islam has not prevented slavery. It will not be fought or abolished slavery at the beginning. , which is contrary to the general philosophy of Islam, which is based on freedom and equality. Islam is a religion reconciled between the beliefs and customs inherited at the beginning of its appearance and its laws, despite being temporary.Thus, the abolition of slavery as a normal economic situation in societies before the advent of Islam in dealing with the slavery system explained an intention of Islam to drain the sources of slavery and resources until the end of this system - with time - to cancel and without a social unrest.As for the care of Ahlulbeiyt Imams (PBUT) of the slave, it was a humanitarian message whose chapters are integrated with the essence of Islam and its principles in the glorious Quran and the purified Sunnah. As far as its integration is concerned, it is accurate and comprehensive covering all walks of life in society. After the death of the Prophet (PBUH) and the covenants that followed and the rule of sons of Abbas and Umyyad, even if this message was formed and presented in normal social, economic and political conditions and without difficulties and obstacles and without sacrificing lives and lost their humanitarian impact, it would become meaningless.Its principles, conditions, philosophy, and objectives were formulated under harsh and painful conditions, which were paid by the Imams of the Ahlulbayt Family and their followers, who were killed, displaced and persecuted. Yet the bitterness of these circumstances produced good and promising results. These results preserved the essence and existence of Islam and proved the merit and competence of the Imams of the Ahlulbayt (PBUT). This revealed eligibility and leadership of Ahlulbayt Imams (PBUT) in leading the nation including slaves, who represent the most vulnerable social, poor and humiliated groups. So the whole care paid by Ahlulbayt Imams (PBUT) to slaves has become a wonderful example of the humanitarian deal from which the International Conventions of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law derived the content of its texts and practices in the context of International relations and the world
الصفحات الاولى:

النبي محمد (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) في مؤلفات مونتجمري وات عن السيرة النبوية دراسة تحليلية مقارنة The Prophet Mohammed (P.B.U.H.) In Montgomery Watt's Authoresses, about Prophetic Biography, a Comparative Analytic Study

اسم المؤلف: ماهر جواد كاظم الشمري
اسم المشرف: عادل اسماعيل خليل العبود
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2018
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The oriental studies have been extended to include all the aspects of the eastern heritage in general and specifically the Islamic heritage . In these studies , the interest in the prophet 's life has been increased in an exaggerated way . Some of these studies were fair and agree with common opinions in the Islamic sources and some are not depending on the different oriental schools and according to opinions and beliefs of the orientalists. However , they used to use the weakest narrations in their writings to harm the prophet's character which was the subject for the studies of Muslims and orientalists. One of the most known orientalists in the twentieth century was the British Professor Montegmry Watt who devoted his life to study Islamic religion and the history of the prophet . He wrote about the prophet in his books ( Mohammed in Mecca , Mohammed in Al - Madina and Mohammed the prophet and the man of the country " the politician " ) . In this dissertation , these books have been studied , analyzed and compared with the Islamic sources . The dissertation has been divided into a preface , five chapters and the conclusion which included the findings of the study . The chapters are different in the number of pages according to the demands and the importance of each chapter . The first chapter which is entitled ( orientalism in historical glance ) has tackled the linguistic and terminological meanings of Orientalism , the stages of the development of orientalism and the reasons and aims behind it . It also gives a summary of the most known British orientalists , and their roles . Then it presents the life of Montegmry Watt from birth to death passing through his academic and ideological education in the church , the positions which he took up , his works , his way of writing about the prophet and the resources which he depended on . The second chapter is entitled (the prophet Mohammed's (P. B. U. H) Life before the Mission) . This chapter is devoted to study the prophet's life in an a chronological order and the opinions which Watt has presented , we agree with some of these opinions and disagree with others . The chapter started with the prophet's name and his honorable kinship . It tackles his birth , childhood , his work in trade , his marriage and his happy life with his wife Khadeeja ( piece be upon her ) who helped him before the mission and supported him after the mission . Then the chapter shows the role of the prophet in public life in spite of being young , when he took part in Al - Fujaar war , his presence in Hilf Al - Fudhul , presenting the solution to solve the dispute between the Qurashi people about raising the black stone and taking part in building Al - Ka'ba , the house of God . The third chapter sheds light on (the prophet Mohammed's (P.B.U.H) Summons in Mecca ) . The mission passed through two stages ; the secret stage and the public stage that witnessed the defeat of paganism and polytheism . The chapter starts with the stage when the prophet began to meditate in isolation in a cave called Hira and the opinions about the reasons behind that isolation . It also discusses the dispute whether the prophet Mohammed was ignorant or could read and write like other prophets . It also deals with the proof of the prophet's prophecy represented by the inspiration which Watt's deny . It also deals with specific verses ( ayyat )called satanic verses which Watt supports . The chapter presents the most important events that happened in Mecca like the apposition of Qureysh to the prophecy , the Muslim's migration to Al - Hebesha which Watt thinks that it took place for economic reasons , then the siege of the Muslims in the reef of Abi Talib . The siege ended by a miracle which God told the prophet about so that the idolaters believe in his prophecy . Watt ignores that miracle . Then the prophet's going to Al - Taef was an attempt to spread out the Islam beyond Mecca . Finally , the chapter ends up with the prophet's success in making an agreement between Al - Aws and Al - Khazraj in Yathrib which became the city of the prophet . The fourth chapter is entitled (the prophet Mohammed's (P.B.U.H) Summons in AL - Madina with Militarism and Political Sides) .This chapter is devoted to the transformational stage in Al - Madinah that starts by the Migration to Yathrib which became Al - Madinah Al - Munawara after the prophet's arrival . It witnessed the building of the honorable prophetic Mosque which was a distinctive sigh for the appearance of the Islamic cities , followed by writing the document which was the constitutional law that regulates the life of people in Al - Madinah and determines the relationship between the Muslims and other people in Al - Madinah , the Muslims themselves with each other , and the relation between the prophet and the Jews ( Bani Qureytha , Bani Al - Nadhir and Bani Qeynuqaa ) .To spread out the Islam , the prophet contacted the Arabic tribes in the Arabian Peninsula . Watt claims that the prophet contacted the tribes only in the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula . The prophet has also sent messengers to kings to inform them about the new religion . When the Islam has become a great religious and political power in the Arabian Peninsula , delegations came to announce their Islam . This made Watt raise doubts about the prophet ad minimize his role . Then he draw the picture of the prophet as a raider and he mixed the Arabian raids with Al - Jihad in the Islam . The fifth chapter ( The Prophet Mohammed's (P.B.U.H) Summons in AL - Madina with Sociality and Legislative Sides ) is specified to the works of the prophet in Al - Madinah . It starts with the fraternity between the supporters and migrants to help the migrants and lessen their feelings of bitterness of being away from home . In regard to the prophet's marriages , Watt explained them in terms of only one impetus and that is the political impetus . He tried to describe the prophet as a politician who cares for nothing except fulfilling his political ambitions . In fact , Watt ignored all the other impetus for the prophet marriages like the social , religious and social impetus . As for the last period of the prophet's life , Watt ignored a lot of its aspects in spite of its importance . Moreover , he ignored a lot of the prophet's innate peculiarities ,and raised doubts about the Qur'an and its collection and regards it as the creation of the Prophet Mohammed . The study has arrived at many conclusions like Watt's denial of the inspiration and regarding it as a kind of super consciousness , raising doubts about the Qur'an and saying that it was created by the prophet for some periodical demands , Claiming that the prophet has taken a lot from previous religions : Judaism and Christianity , saying that the prophet has a political impetus for his multi - marriages and accusing the prophet of taking Al - Jihad for the sake of God as a way to earn financial benefits and to spread beyond the Arabian Peninsula
الصفحات الاولى:

الانسجام الصوتي في خطب نهج البلاغة The Speeches of Nahj Albalagha

اسم المؤلف: ظافر عبيس عناد الجياشي
اسم المشرف: عبد الجبار عبد الامير هاني
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Praise be to Allah, prayer and peace be upon the most honourable prophet and messenger Mohammed AL - Mustafa and his progeny. It is unanimous that the words of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) have fascinated the scientists' and writers' hearts.They have ad
الصفحات الاولى:

تحولات شعر التشيع الى نهاية القرن الرابع الهجري : دراسة موضوعية Changes of Shiasim Poetry Till The End of Hijra Century : Topical Stnely

اسم المؤلف: محمد قاسم حسين خليفة البوعيد
اسم المشرف: مزهر عبد موزان السوداني
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Changes of shiasim poetry till the end of Hijra century topical stnely Shia creed represents for its followars and snpporters, the nalf expansion of Islam and what the prophet (Allas blessings and peace be on him), so and after the death of the prophet so
الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة تداولية لظاهرة تادب النص في اللغة العربية A Pragmatic Study Of Text - Politeness In Arabic

اسم المؤلف: زهراء ناصر طالب الموسوي
اسم المشرف: عادل مالك خنفر
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2006
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة صرفية - نحوية ومفرداتية لاسماء العلم في اللغة العربية A Morpho - Syntactic And Lexical Analysis Of Proper Nouns In Standard Arabic

اسم المؤلف: علياء بدر عبد الله الجمعة
اسم المشرف: عادل مالك خنفر
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2006
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

المعنى عند المفسرين : الطبري نموذجا

اسم المؤلف: يوسف يعقوب محمود الحسان
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين علك المبارك
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2005
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

تنوع الخطاب الشعري الجاهلي : دراسة تحليلية

اسم المؤلف: نجاح مهدي علوان الصافي
اسم المشرف: احمد حياوي السعد ماجد عبد الحميد الكعبي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2008
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

التوجيه الصرفي عند القدماء والمحدثين He Morphological Orientation To The Classics And Modernist

اسم المؤلف: ناظم علي عبادي العلي
اسم المشرف: عدنان عبد الكريم جمعة السالم
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2009
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

الشعرية في النقد العربي القديم مستوياتها وخصائصها البنائية والجمالية

اسم المؤلف: مسلم حسب حسين
اسم المشرف: فالح كامل اسكندر المنصوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2006
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

الابنية الصرفية في شعر المتنبي بين السماع والقياس The Morphological between the hearing and gramar of measurement in the study Mutanabbi s Poetry

اسم المؤلف: ساهـر حسين ناصر
اسم المشرف: عدنان عبد الكريم جمعة السالم
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2009
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

الدرس النحوي العربي الحديث اشكالية المنهج والمفهوم The Modern Arabic Grammar Lesson : The Problematics of the Concept and the Approach

اسم المؤلف: سعد عبد الحسين ابراهيم ال فرج الله
اسم المشرف: عدنان عبد الكريم جمعة السالم
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2013
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

الظواهر النقدية في شروح شعر المتنبي The Critical Phenomena of Al - Mutannabi's Poetry Explanations

اسم المؤلف: ضياء فاضل حسين
اسم المشرف: فالح كامل اسكندر المنصوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2009
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

السياق واثره في دلالة النص القراني عند مفسري الامامية في العصر الحديث Context and Its Impact on the Signification of the Quranic Text From the Perspective of Modern Shi?ite Imamate Interpreters

اسم المؤلف: عباس عبد الحسين غياض
اسم المشرف: عواطف كنوش مصطفى عيسى التميمي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2013
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

كتاب التبصرة في علم الصرف للشيخ الحاج محمد كريم خان الكرماني (1225هـ - 1288هـ) : دراسة وتحقيق

اسم المؤلف: عبد الحسين ابراهيم محمد العامري
اسم المشرف: احمد رسن صحن
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
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