Author name:
عبد الوهاب ريسان عيال العبادي
Supervisor name:
احمد محسن عذبي | اقبال جاسم الاسدي
Abstract:
The diversity of phytoplankton were studied and some physical and chemical environmental factors are (Temperature of air and water , pH , electrical conductivity , salinity , dissolved oxygen , alkalinity , hardness and nutrients) of four locations on Euphrates river water at Nassiriyah city in Thi Qar governorate . The first location lies north - west of Nassiriyah city at Al - Sharif region , whereas the second location lies in Al - Mustafaweia region , and the third location lies in Al - Majzarah region , and finally the fourth location lies in Al - Fadlyia city . Samples of water were collected from January to December of the same year of 2014 .The concentrations of some heavy metals are (lead , cobalt and cadmium ) were estimated , in addition to limitation of the efficiency of some algal species and Ceratophyllum demersum L. in bioremediation of their elements on the river water and a limitation of the accumulation sites of the heavy metals on the cells of the algal and plant by using the scanning electron microscope - x - ray . The results revealed clearly a variation on monthly , quarterly and locations of the number properties of the physical and chemical that were studied , the temperature of water ranged between 11.5cہ - 43.6c ہ and air ranged between 15.5cہ - 44.9 cہ , the high temperature at the second location was recorded .The high value of pH 8.62 in the forth locations at April was recorded and the low 7.2 in the third location at July . The concentrations of electrical conductivity were ranged between 3308 - 5773 μs / cm , whereas the concentrations of salinity ranged between 2.11 - 3.69 gm / l , the high concentration on the third location at February was recorded , and the low on the first location at April was recorded , while the concentrations of the dissolved oxygen ranged between 5.40 - 11.70 mg / l , the high concentration on the first location at February was recorded , whereas the low concentration on the third location at August was recorded , also the alkalinity concentrations ranged between 13 - 250 mg / l , the high concentration on the fourth location at March and the low concentration on the third location at July was recorded . From the results , it was show that , the river water was hardship , the hardness concentrations ranged between 850 - 1610 mg / l , the high concentrationaon the third location at January , and the low on the second location at May was recorded .While the concentrations of the nutrients , as nitrate and phosphate , the nitrate concentrations ranged between 13.6 - 41.5 mg / l , the high concentration on the third location at February and the low concentration on the first location at July , whereas the phosphates concentration ranged between 0.83 - 1092 mg / l , the high concentration on the third location on first location at April.Also the diversity of phytoplankton had been studied that were present in water of the river, There were diagnosis 198 species distributed between six classes , the dominance to the Bacillariophyceae as 90 species which belonged to 19 genus were recorded and at the percentage 45.45% of the total numbers of species recorded , followed by the Chlorophyceae 46 species which belonged to 25 genus and at the percentage 23.23% of the total species were that were recorded , followed by Cyanophyceae algae 46 species which were belonged to 15 genus and at the percentage 23.23% and algae of the Euglenophyceae had eight species which were belonged to three genus record and at the percentage 4.04% , with regard to the algae of Xanthophyceae had recorded five types at there belonged to three genus and at the percentage 2.52% and finally the algae of Chrysophyceae which was recorded three types belonged to the same genus , which collectively represent the percentage 1.51% .The study also experienced a record for species of phytoplankton at the first time in Iraq , which were five belonged to four classes , one of them was belonged to Chlorophyceae algae (Trochiscia granulate Prescott.) and the others to the Euglenophyceae(Phacus pyrum (Ehrenb.) Stein and Trachelomonas simillis Stokes) and one species for Chrysophyceae(Mallomonas elliptica (Kisselew) Conrad)and Xanthophyceae algae (Peroniella planctonica G.M.Smith).The concentration of some heavy metals (lead , cobalt and cadmium) in water of the locations was studied by using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer , the results were showing that , the concentrations of lead ranged between 4.58 - 29.0 μg / l , as record the high concentration on third location at August and the low on the first location at December , while the concentrations of cobalt were ranged between 4.60 - 23.0 μg / l , as record low concentration was on the first location at December ,bwhile the high concentration on the third location at August , cadmium concentrations ranged between 0.84 - 14.63 μg / l , the low concentration 0.84 μg / l recorded in the first location at December , while the high concentration 14.63 μg/ l in the third location at June .The study included too . a laboratory experiments to demonstrates the efficiency of some species of algae and Ceratophyllum demersum L. on the bioremediation of pollutants in the river water . The results indicates that , there was an increase on the percentage of the removal of elements with the increasing concentrations of elements that were added to water aquarium , reaching the low percentage of biological remove of the lead 95.2% at the treatment 50 mg / l and at the time period 10 days , whereas the biological remove of the high percentage 99.2% at the same treatment during the time period 40 days.As for the cobalt element , the results showing that , there were a gradual increases of the proportion of the removal with the increasing concentrations of cobalt that were added to the water aquarium , and reached to 94.2% at the treatment 50 mg / l at the time period 10 days , whereas the percent for the removal 98.56% at the time period 40 days at the same treatment , whereas the percentage of the vital removing of the element cadmium by the water plant Ceratophyllum demersum was increases in removing from the water aquarium that was 92.6% at the treatment 50 mg / l at the time period 10days , whereas it was 97.40% at the same treatment .As for the algae it had been isolated and diagnoses , the were four species of , blue - greens (Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. , Nostoc linckia(Roth) Bornet and Thuret , Oscillatoria amoena(ktz.) Gomont and Hapalosiphon aureus West and West , samples were collected from the Euphrates river water on the studied locations . It was purified and propagation of these species on the laboratory for a single culture cell , unialgal culture and axenic culture to test their ability to remove and accumulation of the heavy metals from water. These species of algae were treated salt solution of heavy metals are lead , cobalt and cadmium both in privates and at different concentrations 0.10 , 0.25 , 0.50 , 1.00 and 2.00 mg / l for a period of two weeks . H.aureus was accumulated more of lead 1.724 μg / gm at the treatment 2.00 mg / l , followed by O.amoena which accumulated 1.638 μg / gm and N.linckia accumulatedc1.621 μg / gm and finally M.aeruginosa accumulated 1.579 μg / gm at the same treatment , but when adding the salt solution of cobalt nitrate , the alga O.amoena was accumulated more of cobalt element 1.726 μg / gm at the treatment is 2.00 mg / l , followed by H.aureus as accumulated 1.638 μg / gm , and was N.linckia accumulated 1.535 μg / gm , followed by M.aeruginosa 1.428 μg / gm at the same treatment . When are using the solution of the salt cadmium acetate , the N.linckia was accumulated more of cadmium 1.08 μg / gm , followed by H.aureus which was accumulated 0.63 μg / gm and finally O.amoena accumulated the percentage was reached 0.59 μg / gm at the same treatment .The study was included too the a limitation sites and accumulation of heavy metals within the plant cells and algae that were studied by using technology of scanning electron microscope - x - ray and the use of reagent X - ray EDX with SE2 .The results were showing that , The locations which accumulated heavy elements was in the cytoplasm of the cell . On the above of the foregoing the Ceratophyllum demersum L. showing high efficiency of accumulation of heavy elements inside the cells as compared with the studied algae , the efficiency and ability to increase of the accumulation increases by added of elements and by the increases period of exposure , also algae were revealed a capabilit
