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الارساليات المسيحية في ايران خلال العهد القاجاري 1796 - 1925 The Christian Missions In Iran Through Qajar Reign (1796 - 1925 A.D.)

اسم المؤلف: عاصم حاكم عباس الجبوري
اسم المشرف: محمد هليل عويد الجابري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

اعيان بغداد ودورهم في الحياة العامة اوائل القرن العشرين 1908 - 1921 The Dignitaries of Bagdad and Their Role in Public Life in the Early Twentieth Century 1908 - 1921 B.C

اسم المؤلف: عادل مدلول علي الهرموشي
اسم المشرف: عماد احمد عبد الصاحب الجواهري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

دور حضارة العراق القديمة في بلاد الشام The Role of Ancient Iraq Civilization in Biladul - sham

اسم المؤلف: هديب حياوي عبد الكريم غزالة
اسم المشرف: نائل حنون
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2002
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

الوزارات المستحدثة واثرها في الواقعين الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للعراق 1958 - 1963 The Effect of Created Ministries on the Economic and social Aspects in Iraq 1958 - 1963

اسم المؤلف: سعد عبد الواحد عبد الخضر
اسم المشرف: حسن علي عبد الله السماك
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The newly formed ministries in Iraq for the period from 1959 to 1963 represented the most comprehensive changes in the economic and social aspects. Thus, we can say that the July 14 th is a real revolution and not a military coup through its achievements in the advancement of the society. When laws were enacted, No. 74 of 1959, which included the creation of seven ministries, namely the Ministry of Agrarian Reform, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Oil, the Ministry of Planning, the Ministry of Works and Housing, the Ministry of Municipalities and the Ministry of Commerce and The Ministry of Agrarian Reform came to implement the Law of Agrarian Reform No. 30 of 1958, which resulted in the identification of agricultural property, seeking to raise the level of agricultural farmers, establishing agricultural associations and agricultural cooperatives. In order to address the housing crisis in cities, following the increase of migration from rural to urban, the Ministry of Works and Housing In the cities and the need for different services, the Ministry of Municipalities was established. In order to follow up the factories and factories that the agreements with the Soviet Union and the socialist countries undertook to establish in Iraq, the Ministry of Agriculture, In order to control the oil wealth and exploit its revenues to increase national income and provide social services such as health, education, housing and raising the standard of living for individuals, the Ministry of Oil, which entered into negotiations with foreign oil companies operating in Iraq, issued Law No. 80 of 1961, which freed 99.5% Iraqi control of foreign companies.The government followed the policy of economic planning to achieve balance in all sectors of the national economy. The Ministry of Planning, after the abolition of the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Economy, and for the purpose of regulating the import and export process and make it consistent with the philosophy of the state and was serious in converting the citizen to a product more than consumer and limited consumption on the necessary materials and Iraq's trade with thecountries of the world, introduced the Ministry of Commerce, which sought to protect the citizen from exploitation when the adoption of the Government Sales Authorityand welfare.Department of research to the introduction and four chapters and conclusion, the first chapter dealt with the Iraqi Republic and directly the ministries of the Royal Covenant, The second chapter deals with the rapid social developments and their impact on the development of new ministries. The third chapter deals with agreements of technical and economic cooperation with the former Soviet Union and the countries of the socialist camp and the development of ministries to follow up their implementation. The fourth chapter sought to examine Iraq's foreign policy and its effect in developing new economic policies. The results of the study and analysis of the work of the ministries in the period of research, The researcher relied on a variety of sources, including unpublished documents kept in the library and documents of files of the royal court and the files of the Council of Sovereignty and administrative reports and the files of some ministries, then the published documents, the government publications issued by the ministries and publications of the Ministry of Guidance and publications of the Ministry of Justice, Industry and the Secretariat of the Capital, And then come letters and university papers and memos and many books of Arabic and Arab and some foreign books as well as the use of several periodicals, especially magazines and newspapers issued during that period, which was filled by the thesis and the list of sources and has been used for the researcher analytical approach as a method of work and I put the finishing touches in my dissertation, I did not claim that it is free of lapses and delusions because the perfect God only and finally put this dissertation in the hands of my distinguished professors and members of the discussion committee. I hope that their corrections will have a great role to reach the dissertation

السياسة السوفيتية تجاه قضايا المشرق العربي فــي ضوء كتابات مجلة السياسة الدولية المصرية 1967 - 1990 SOVIET POLICy TOWRDS ARAB Orinet ISSUES IN THE LIGHT OF WRITINGS OF THE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONL POLITICS EGYPTIAN 1967 - 1990

اسم المؤلف: فلاح مجيد حسون العارضي
اسم المشرف: عاصم حاكم عباس الجبوري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The dissertation deals with the politics of the Soviet Union from the issues of the Arab Mashreq. This region is of great importance to the Soviet Union because of its geographical proximity to the southern borders of the Union and its direct threat to its national security in the presence of American military bases in the region, and because of the Soviet dream of ever reaching the warm waters of the Mediterranean. Although the revolution of October in 1917 brought about significant changes to the Soviet politics, the Soviet attitude towards the Arab Orient about the Arab Orient focused on good - neighborly relations with the countries of the region. Until the end of the Second World War, the Arab Mashreq had no less interest in the Soviet policy. Internal building Sea. From the perspective of the Soviet politics, the Arab Mashreq has received little attention for its preoccupation with the internal construction process. In the midst of competition between the East and the West, especially the United States, the Soviet Union sought to find a foothold in the Middle East through the Arab - Zionist conflict, having vigorously sought the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, believing that it would be a soft instrument in the hands of the Soviets against the Imperialism politics and it would be a base for spreading the Soviet ideology in the Middle East. But they were disappointed after the Zionist entity directed towards the United States, which led the Soviet Union to strengthen its relations with the Arab countries in their conflict against the Zionist, represented by the Soviet weapons deal in 1955 after the West refused to supply the Arabs with weapons. The Soviet positions continued to stand by the Arabs in their conflict against rather than offensive, fearing that this would lead to a collision with the US, and the possibility of another world war.The Arab - Soviet relations deteriorated in the wake of the October 1973 war, and thousands of Soviet experts ran away from the Egyptian territories. Egypt also signed the Camp David Treaty with the Zionist after having the blessing of the United States of America. The Soviet Union sought compensation after losing its influence in Egypt by strengthening its relations with Iraq, Syria and Libya. However, the Soviet position was fluctuating in its support for Iraq during the Iran - Iraq war in 1980. With a neutral stance at the beginning of the war, the Soviet turned to support Iran and denounce the Iraqi aggression on the Iranian territory. Iran was an important strategic center in the Soviet politics for security considerations because it represented the southern neighbor of the Soviet Union, fearing that the Islamic thought of the Republic would be transferred to the Islamic republics of the Soviet Union.Then it supported Iraq after its withdrawal from the Iranian territory in 1982 and provided Iraq with defensive, rather than offensive, weapons and equipment without allowing Iraq to achieve a sweeping victory over Iran while the Soviet Union was satisfied with the policy of condemnation and denunciation in the wake of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.The next stage witnessed many changes in the Soviet foreign policy. With the changing of the Soviet leadership in the mid - 1980s. After Gorbachev took power, the Soviet policy was confined to the internal reconstruction of the state, abandoning its public support for the Arabs, leaving its role to the United States and the West to be unique in solving the problems of the Middle East, leaving its role to the United States in the peace negotiations, and leaving its global role after the Soviet Union witnessed the experience of dying prior to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990.

تحضير وتشخيص مشتقات جديدة للاندنول تحمل حلقات غير متجانسة متنوعة Synthesis And Characterization of New Indole Derivatives Bearing Various Hetero Rings

اسم المؤلف: كاظم ماذي لازم العلياوي
اسم المشرف: جمبد هرمز توما خالد فهد علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتضمن هذه الاطروحة تحضير وتشخيص بعض مشتقات السكارين العضوية ومعقدات السكارين ومشتقاته الفوسفينية مع بعض الفلزات، حيث استخدم سكارينات الصوديوم والسكارين كمواد اولية للتحضير وكما ياتي : 1 - حضر N - كلور اسيتل سكارين (A2) من تفاعل السكارين مع كلور استيل كلور | This thesis include synthesis and characterization of some organic saccharin derivatives and metal complexes of saccharin and its phosphine derivatives are synthesized in this work according to the following : 1. The N - Chloro acetyl saccharin (A2) is prepared from the reaction of saccharin with chloro acetyl chloride, in presence of Et3N in 1,4 Dioxan. The N - (2 - aryl amino) acetyl saccharine (A3 - A9) is synthesized from the reaction of compound (A2) with the substituted amin.The N - (2 - Saccharin - 2yl) acetyl saccharine A(10) is prepared from reaction of two mole saccharin with mole chloro acetyl chloride in presence of Et3N in 1,4Dioxin.2. Mannich Bases (A11 - A26) are prepared from the reaction of saccharin with substituted primary amin and fromaldehyde in methanol.3. N - Hydroxy methyl saccharin (A27) is prepared from the reaction of saccharin with formaldehyde in H2O or EtOH. The N - methylacetat saccharin (A28) is prepared from the reaction of compound (A27) with acetic anhydride in the presence of NaOH.4. (3 - Benzosulfonamide2 - Carboxylicacid2 - yl)2 - imino thiazolidin - 4 - (one) (A29) is prepared from the reaction of compound (A2) with KSCN in acetone.5. N - Benzoyl Saccharin (A30) is prepared from the reaction of saccharin with Benzoyl Chloride in acetone in the presence of NaHCO3.6. N - acetyl Saccharin(A31) is prepared from the reaction saccharin with acetyl chloride in DMF in the presence of Et3N also N - acetyl saccharin (A49) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with acetyl chloride in DMF. The N - acetyl saccharine is used in the preparation of ? - ? - Unsaturated carbonyl compounds(A50 - A54) through its reaction with substituted benzaldehyde , and also N - acetyl saccharin is used in the preparation of Schiff bass A(55 - 58) through its reaction with substituted amine.7. N - acetonyl saccharin (A32) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro aceton in DMF. The N - acetonyl saccharin is used in the preparation of Schiff base A(33 - 38) through its reaction with substituted of amine and also N - Acetonyl saccharin is used in the.preparation.of? - ? - Unsaturated.carbonyl.compound(A39 - A45) through its reaction with substituted benzaldehyde.8. N - saccharinato acetic acid (A46) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro acetic acid in DMF. The N - saccharinato acetic acid used in the preparation of 5 - (N - Saccharin) methyl )2 - amino - 1,2,3 thiadiazol (A47) through its reaction with thio semicarbazide in toluene and also N - Acetic acid saccharin is used preparation of N - ((1H - benzo[d]imidozol - 2yl)methyl) Saccharin (A48) through its reaction with O - Phenyl diamine.9. N - 3 - bromopropyl saccharin (A59) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with 1,3 dibromopropan in DMF.10. 2 - ChloroN - (4 - (2 - methaoxazol - 5yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)acetamide (A60)is prepared from the reaction of4 - aminosulphamethaoxazol with chloroacetyl chlorid in 1,4dioxan in the presence of Et3N.2 - saccharin - N(4 - (2 - methyloxazol - 5yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl acetamide(A61)is.prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with (A6o)in DMF11. N - ethyl acetate saccharin A(62) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro ethyl acetate in DMF. The N - acetic acid saccharin (A63) is prepared from the acidic hydrolysis of N - ethylsaccharin acetate by HCl , CH3COOH.The N - (acetyl thiosemicarbazide)saccharine(A64) is prepared from in the reaction of thiosemicarbazide with (A62)in acetone.The 5 - ((N - Saccharin )methyl) - 1,3,4 - thiadiaezol A(65) is synthesized in ring closur reaction by compound (A64) by sulfuric acid.12. N - Diphenyl phosphin saccharin (66) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro diphenyl phosphine in dry ether. The N - diphenyl phosphin saccharin is used in the preparation of the complexe of the type [M CL2L2] , M=Pt(II) , Pd(II), Ni(II), L = Diphenyl phosphin saccharin [A70 - 72] through its reaction with Na2PdCl4 , PtCl2(DMSO)2,NiCl2 - 6H2O in CH2Cl2 or aceton in which N - Phenyl phosphin saccharin Ligands berhaves as amono dentat and coordinat through (P) atom to Metal.13. Aqua saccharin complexes of the type [M(Sac)2(H2O)4] 2H2O , (M=Ni,Co,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cd,Cu)(A73 - 79) are prepared from reaction sodium saccharin with divalent metal ions from (Ni,Co,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cd,Cu) in which saccharin Ligands behave amono dentate and coordinate through (N) atom to metal.Treament of (dppe , dppm) with aqua saccharinat complexes(A80 - A88) in CH2Cl2 gave complexes of this type.The treatment of dppe with aqua saccharinat complexes of the (Cd,Zn,Fe,Mn)(A79,A78 ,A76,A75)give complexes (A80 - A83)of this type [M(Sac)2(dppe)2], the dppe in these complexes coordinate as abidentate. but treatment of dppe with aqua saccharinat of the (Ni,Co)(A73,A74) gave complexes (A84,A85)of this type [M(Sac)2(dppe)], but treatment of dppe with aqua saccharinat complexes of the (Cu)(A77) , gave complexes(A86) of this type [Cu(Sac)dppe]. The treatment of dppm with aqua saccharinato complexes of the (Cd,Zn)(A78,A79) gave complexes (A87,A88) of this type [M(Sac)2(dppm)2].The structure of the synthesized compound are confirmed by I.R , H1 - N.M.R,C13 - N.M.R,Elemental analysis , molar conductivity and some chemical physical data.

تحضيروتشخيص بعض المشتقات الجديدة لثنائي هيدروبريميدينون باستخدام تفاعل بكينيلي ودراسة فعاليتها البايلوجية Synthesis And Characterization And Biological Activity Study of Some New Dihydropyrimidinones Derivatives Via Application Biginelli Reaction

اسم المؤلف: احمد ماهر فهيم
اسم المشرف: نبيل عبد عبد الرضا
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present work involved synthesis of new indole derivatives containing other heterocyclic ring. These derivatives could be divided into the following parts : 1. The first part involved synthesis and characterization of novel 1,3 - diazidine[XIII]a - d and [XIV]a - d by the following steps : Scheme(1).a. Synthesis of 3 - [(5 - hydrazinyl - 4 - phenyl - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl)methyl] - 1H - indole [VI], this compound is synthesized by neucleophilic substitution reaction of 1,2,4 - triazole - 5 - thiol compound [V]a with excess of hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol as a solvent.b. Synthesis of 2 - {5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl) - propyl] - 4 - phenyl - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl} - thio - acetohydrazide[VIII]b, by the reaction of ester compounds[VII]b with excess of 80% hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux.c. Synthesis of new Schiff bases[IX]a - d and [X]a - d by condensation reaction of primary amino compounds[VI] or [VIII]b with different aromatic aldehyde in absolute ethanol as a solvent.d. Synthesis of new N - acyl derivatives[XI]a - d and [XII]a - d by reaction of acetyl chloride with the synthesized Schiff bases[IX]a - d, [X] a - d in dry benzene.e. Synthesis of 1, 3 - diazetine derivatives[XIII]a - d and [XIV]a - d by addition reaction of compound[XI]a - d or [XII]a - d with sodium azide in dimethylformamid as a solvent at (55 - 60)0C temperature.2 - While the second part involved synthesis and characterization of novel thiazolidine - 4 - one compounds[XXI]a - d and [XXII]a - d by the following steps : Scheme(2).a. Synthesis of 2 - [5 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - yl) - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazol - yl] - thio - ethyl hydrazide[XVIII] by the reaction of ester compound[XVII] with excess of 80% hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux.b. Synthesis of 2 - {5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl) - methylene] - 4 - phenyl - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl} - IXthio - ethylhydrazide[XVIII], by the reaction of ester compounds[XVII] with excess of hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux. Also synthesize new Schiff bases [XIX]a - d and [XX]a - d by condensation reaction of acid hydrazide compounds [VIII]a or [XVIII] with different aromatic aldehyde in absolute ethanol as a solvent.c. Synthesis of new thiazolidine - 4 - one derivatives, [XXI]a - d and [XXII]a - d by refluxing equimolar amounts from Schiff bases[XIX]a - d and [XX]a - d with excess of thioglycolic acid in dry benzene.3. The third part involved synthesis and characterization of new series of thiazolidine - 4 - one [XXVII]a - c and [XXVIII]a - c by many steps reaction as follows : Scheme(3).a. Synthesis of new Schiff [XXIII]a,b, [XXIV]a,b by condensation reaction of acid hydrazide [III]a,b with two types of aromatic aldehyde in absolute ethanol.b. Synthesis of another type from thiazolidine - 4 - one derivatives [XXV]a, b and [XXVI]a, b from the reaction of Schiff bases [XXIII]a,b, [XXIV] a,b with excess of thioglycolic acid in dry benzene. The alkoxy derivatives of compounds [XXVII] and [XXVIII]; 2 - (4 - N - alkoxyphenyl) - 3 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - yl)amido - 1,3 - thiazolidine - 4 - one[XXVII]a - c and 2 - (4 - N - alkoxyphenyl) - 3 - (1H - indol - 3 - yl) acetamido - 1,3 - thiazolidine - 4 - one [XXVIII]a - c were synthesized by the reaction of terminal OH group of compound[XXV]a or [XXVI]a with different n - alkyl bromide in alkaline media.4 - The fourth part involved synthesis and characterization of amide derivatives of 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXXI]a - d, [XXXII]a - d and [XXXIII]a - d by the following steps : Scheme(4)a. Preparation of 2 - amino - 5 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - yl) - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXIX] by cyclization reaction of 2 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indole - 3 - carbonyl) hydrazine carbo - thio amide [XV] in conc. H2SO4 under reflux followed by neutralized with liquid ammonia. While 2 - amino - 5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl)methyl] - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXX]aand 2 - amino - 5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl)propyl] - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXX]b synthesized by cyclization reaction under reflux of indole - 3 - acetic acid or indole - 3 - butric acid with thiosemicarbazide in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride.b. Synthesis of new amide derived from 2 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole [XXXI]a - d, [XXXII]a - d and [XXXIII]a - d from the reaction equimolar of suitable 2 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazoles[XXIX] and [XXX]a,b with different acid chlorides in DMF and pyridine as accepter.5. The fifth part involved synthesis and characterization of new hydrazones [XXXVII]a - d and [XXXVIII]a - d. These compounds were synthesized according to the follows steps : Scheme(5)a. Synthesis and characterization of 1 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indole - 3 - yl) carbonyl - 3 - methyl - pyrazol - 5(4H) - one[XXXIV] and 1 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl) ethanoyl or butanoyl] - 3 - methyl - pyrazol - 5(4H) - one [XXXV]a, b by heating under reflux a solution of equimolar from acid hydrazides[III]a - c with ethylacetoacetate in absolute ethanol.b. Synthesis and characterization of 1 - [4 - acetyl - (1H - indol - 3 - yl)ethanoyl or butanoyl] - 3 - methyl - pyrazol - 5 - one [XXXVI]a, b through reaction of pyrazolone derivatives[XXXV]a,b with acetyl chloride in 1,4 - dioxane in presence of calcium hydroxide.c. Synthesis and characterization of novel hydrazones [XXXVII]a - d and [XXXVIII]a - d by the reaction of 4 - acetyl - pyrazolone compounds[XXXVI]a, b with phenyl hydrazine or substituted phenyl hydrazine in ethanol.The synthesized compounds have been characterized by their melting points, elemental analysis (C.H.N) and by their spectral data, FTIR, 1HNMR and Mass spectroscopy (of some of theme).Study of the biological activity of some of the synthesized compounds against Gram - positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram - negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The results showed that most of the tested

دراسة تشخيصية جزيئية ودمية وكيموحيوية لانواع الاكريات Eimeria spp. في الدجاج المصاب طبيعيا وتجريبيا في محافظة الديوانية Molecular Diagnosis Study And Haematological And Biochemical of Coccidiosis Eimeria Spp. In Natural And Experimental Infection Chicken In Al - Diwanyia City

اسم المؤلف: خالد ثامر مطر الشيباني
اسم المشرف: خيري عبد الله داود العكيلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في البيت الحيواني التابع لقسم علوم الحياة / كلية التربية / جامعة القادسية للمدة من 1/9/2013 ولغاية 1/9/2014، للتحري عن انواع طفيلي الاكريات المتطفلة على الدجاج المصاب طبيعيا وعزل الطفيلي من الحالات المصابة الواردة الى المسستشفى البيطري | The study conducted in The animal house of the Biology department, College of Education, University of Al - Qadisiyah during the period from 1/9/2013 to 1/9/2014. The study diagnosed the species of Eimeria parasites in naturally infected chickens in poultry farms. Eimeria oocysts was isolated from the infected chickens feaces in Veterinary hospital and Veterinary clinics.Then, the cases diagnosed initially in the laboratory by direct examining stool smears and the positive cases were recorded.Through this study, oocysts were isolated, and two species of Eimeria parasites were diagnosed (E.tenella and E.maxima) by using the technique of Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction technique.There are 186 cases of infected chicken which examined, and the results showed that (186 out of 315)stool Samples(59%), include infected with two species of Eimeria parasites E.tenella was in (135 out of 186, 72.5%) while the species E.maxima was in(51 out of 186, 27.4%). The experimental study was conducting two experiments were done.The first experiment, depend on the experimental infection of E.tenella species which was used for two types of chicken, (Ross type which is foreign, and local breed).The second experiment, includes experimental infection with the species E.maxima also in two types of chickens that mention above. Symptoms and clinical signs of the first experiment on foreign chickens included were recorded it is noticed that infected the chickens with E.tenella have was dull, unorganized feather and loss of appetite in addition to bloody diahrreha, loss weight, emaciated and isolated. The Gross Lesions include congestion of cecum and an increase in their sizes while inside the cecum, many ulcerated lesions were noticed, filling cecum with mucus and blood, liver was congested and enlarged. Microscopicale examination recorded congestion was full with blood cells and necrotic tissues cecum and falling of cells in the cecum lumen. Many different stages of the parasites were noticed as schizonts, merozoites, gametes and oocysts Hematological parameters showed high significant decrease (p?0.05) in Hb (0.38±5.94 mg / 100ml) in the fourth week of infection, PCV (0.68±18.47%) in the fifth week and RBC was (1.58±0.02x106) in the fourth week. Also, the infection led to significant increase difference of WBC (30.19±0.95x103) in the seventh week of infection in comparison of uninfected chickens of the control sample. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed that significant decrease (p?0.05) in glucose concentration (156.98±1.75mg / 100ml in the fourth week of infection), cholesterol concentration and total protein concentration (62.11±4.40, 1.92±0.92 mg / 100ml respectively in the fifth week of infection).Also, Uric acid increased significantly (p?0.05) to reach(10.19±0.52mg / 100ml) in the fourth week of infection in comparison of uninfected chickens of the control group. Average weight was showed the significant decrease (p?0.05) of the chickens quantity (368.88±3.01gr in the fourth week of the infection), and an increase the percentage of mortality(23.33±0.23% in the fifth week of infection), addition to the decrease of consuming food by bird (282.8±2.19gr in the fifth week of the infection) in comparison of uninfected chickens of the control group. While the results of local breed chickens in the first experiment were less severity than that with the foreign type (Ross) but the colour of the stool was brown mixed with blood. The Gross Lesions showed pathological changes in the cecum as congestion and bleeding. Moreover, ulcers areas were smaller and less in number in comparison with the infected foreign chickens by the same parasite. The microscopic pathological changes of E.tenella in the cecum showed hyperplasia in goblet cells and congestion of blood capillaries with less number of stages of the parasite in comparison with the foreign chickens. The hematological parameters showed significant decrease (p?0.05) in Hb concentration and percentage of PCV (7.13±0.31mg/100ml, 21.26±1.82% respectively in the fifth week of infection), while the RBC count was (2.05±0.12 x 106 in the fourth week of infection and significant increased (p?0.05) in WBC count was (30.63±0.38 x 106 the sixth week of infection) in comparison with the chickens of the control group. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed the significant decrease (p?0.05) in glucose concentration (169.60±2.16mg/100ml in the fifth week of infection), cholesterol concentration and total protein concentration (70.89±2.01, 2.25±0.39mg/100ml respectively in the fourth week of infection). Uric acid increased significantly (p?0.05) to reach (7.62±0.90mg/100ml) in the fifth week of infection in comparison with the control group. Average of the weight was significant decrease (p?0.05) (190.28±3.81gm), high increase in the average of mortality (10±0.20%), and high decrease in the consuming food average (413.4±3.91gr) in the fourth week of infection in comparison with the uninfected control group. The second experiment of the foreign chicken which infected experimentally by E.maxima showed asymptoms and clinical signs were nearly similar in the foreign chickens that infected with E.tenella, but mild in severity is average. The symptoms include fatigue, fallen wings, loss of appetite, mucus diarhea mixed with blood. The Gross Lesions showed severe changes in the infected part of intestine as congestion and filling of intestine with mucous secretion of bad odour. While the microscopic pathological changes showed the tissues section of intestine were damaged, necrosis of intestine villi due to the large number of different stages of the parasite with hyperplasia of goblet cells. The hematological parameters showed significanty decrease (p?0.05) in Hb concentration, percentage of PCV and RBC count (7.55±0.61mg/100ml, 23.62±0.81% and 2.08±0.10x106 in the fourth week of infection) and significant increased (p?0.05)in WBC count (31.26±0.63x106 in the seventh week of infection) in comparison with the uninfection control group. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed that there was the significant decrease (p?0.05) in glucose concentration (164.86±2.11 mg /100ml in the fifth week of infection), cholestrol concentration and total protein (77.14± 3.38, 2.24±0.36 mg/100ml) and significant increased (p?0.05) in Uric acid concentration (8.20±0.79mg/100ml) in the fourth week of infection in comparison to the control group. The results of productive characteristics refered to significant decrease(p?0.05) in the weight of chickens (479.28±0.23gr) and significant increase (p?0.05) in mortality (10±0.11%) during the fifth week of infection. Also, there was significant decrease (p?0.05) in the consumed food by birds (368.5±2.10gr) during the fourth week of infection in comparison to the chicken of the control group. While the results of local breed chicken in the second experiment, the symptoms and clinical signs showed no sign of disease, and the chickens were active in spite of presence of infection and the releasing of Oocysts. The Gross Lesions showed the inflammation and congestion, onlargment of the infected part of small intestine, little mucous and liquid inside the lumen.As far as microscopic changes are concerned, the tissue examination showed some necrosis and damage of the villi ends and an increase in the size of the goblet cells. Hematological parameters showed to the significant decrease (p?0.05) in Hb concentration and percentage of PCV (7.86±0.45 mg/100ml, 23.60±0.53% respectively during the fifth week of infection), RBC count (2.10±0.13 x 106 in the fourth week of infection) and significant increased (p?0.05) in WBC count (32.98±0.58 x 106 during the sixth week of infection) in comparison with the control group. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed that there was the significant decrease (p?0.05)in glucose concentration and cholestrol concentration (170.60 ±2.01, 79.70±2.69 mg/100ml respectively in the fourth week of infection), total protein concentration (2.42±0.31mg/100ml in the fifth week of infection) and significant increased (p?0.05) in Uric acid concentration (6.52±0.82mg/100ml in the fourth week of infection) in comparison to the uninfection control group. Average of the weight referred to significant decrease (p?0.05) of chickens (213.16±3.12 gr) and consuming food (481±3.21 gr) during the fourth week of infection.While there were no differnces in the percentage of mortality comparison with the uninfected chicken of the control group. Also, the results of the number of released oocysts showed significant increase (p?0.05)in number of released oocysts with stool by infected foreign ckicken(Ross) in comparison with the local breed chicken which infected by the same parasite.Also, the number of the dropped oocysts of E.tenella were higher than that of E.maxima.

دراسة بعض جوانب الاداء الحياتي لبعض الحشرات ذات الاهمية الجنائية في مدينة الديوانية A Study of Some Biological Aspects of Forensically Important Insects In Al - Diwaniya City

اسم المؤلف: عباس كاظم حمزة الشيباني
اسم المشرف: سعدي محمد هلال
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was aimed to identify the most forensically important insects species in addition to their distribution and abundance in the Al - Diwaniya province, also the succession pattern on carrion in urban and rural areas in different seasons was studied. The present study included some experiments on the effect of the quality and quantity of food on the development of some blow flies, the effect of rearing on food spiked with different concentration of Paracetamol and Amitriptyline drugs on some biologicalaspects of the blow flies, The result showed the following : ? When using fly sex - attractant poisoned bait used in the field, six dipterans flies were identified : 1 - Calliphora vicina 2 - Lucilia sericata 3 - Chrysomya albiceps 4 - Ch. Megacephala 5 - Sarcophaga africa 6 - Musca domestica the last species was the most abundant during all seasons of the year. However, when natural food bait was used, the same species of flies were recorded in addition to three species of beetles : 1 - Dermestes maculates 2 - Saprinus semistriatus 3 - Necrobia rufipes. the results also showed that the daily activity of different flies species was the varied according to ambient temperature during the day andthere was no activity recording for the flies during the night. ? The succession of insects on rabbit carrion in the urban and rural area in winter season showed that the most abundant fly species attacking the carrion during the active stage, these flies were : : 1 - C. vicina 2 - L. sericata 3 - Ch. albiceps 4 - Ch. megacephala in addition to S. africa, M. domestica and three beetles namely : 1 - D. maculates 2 - S. semistriatus 3 - N. rufipes especially during the late stage of decaying, and recoded fly : Eristalis aeneus (Diptera) accidentally appeared on the carrion. However, less number of fly species were recorded on rabbit carcass during summer season.? In general the present study showed fly species : C. vicina and L. sericata Their numbers in urban area were more than the rural area (urban species) while fly species S. africa was rural species. ? 4) skeletonization time of the rabbit carcass during summer season was three times faster than it was in winter season in both locations, urban and rural.? When C. vicina larvae reared on different animal tissues, the result showed that there were a significant differences between means of larvae weight and development time and in the emergence of adults from pupal stage, thus, the average weight of larvae was 2337 mg 2101 mg when reared on lung and liver tissues as a compared with 998.6, 1194 and 1278 mg when reared on kidney, brain and muscles after eight days of exp - Time. However the longest development period of larvae were : 10.6, 10.3 and 9.3 days and pupae 7.3, 7 and 6.6 days when reared on kidney, brain and muscles respectively, as a compared with : 7.3, 7.6 and 8 days(larvae) 5.3, 5.6 and 6 days (pupae) reared on lung, liver and heart respectively (P? 0.05).The highest emergence percentage of adult were 46.6% and 40% in the lung and liver tissues. ? Larvae of C. vicina reared on 25 and 50gm beef liver /10 larvae were 83.2 and 75.6 mg respectively compared with 67.1 reared on 100gm/10 larvae during the first four days of the experiment. However, the duration period of larvae and pupae were 10.3 and 8 days when reared on 100gm respectively, the highest emergence percentage of adults were 46% and 26.6% for larvae reared on 25 and 50gm of liver. ? Larvae of C. vicina reared on spiked liver with different concentration of Amitriptyline were significantly different to those in the control treatment, the highest means weight of larvae was 1615.3 and1474 mg when reared on liver spiked with 1.25 and o.125mg ofamitriptyline/25gmliver/5larvae respectively the lowest weight mean of larva was 1112 and 1264.6mg when reared on liver spiked with 0.025 and 0.0mg(control) respectively. The development period of larvae and pupa of C. vicina were 14.6 and 10.3 days respectively when reared on liver spiked with 1.25mg of Amitriptyline compared with 9.6 and 6.3 days in the control treatment(p>0.05).The highest percentage of adults emergence 40% was in the control treatment compared with only 13.3 when larvae reared on liver spiked with 1.25mg.amitriptyline. ? Larvae of C. vicina reared on beef liver spiked with different concentrations of Paracetamol showed different results. The highest mean weight of larva was 1735.3mg when reared on beef liver spiked with 25mg/5 larvae compared with 867.3mg in the control treatment, the development period of larvae and pupae were 12.6 and 8.6 days respectively as a compared with 9.3 and 6.3 days in the control treatment. The percentage of adults emergence was 46.6% in the control treatment compared with 13.3% in the highest concentration of drug ? The results also showed that there is a significant increase in the mean weight of larvae reared on different tissues of rabbits oral dosage with lethal dose of Amitriptyline, in the contrary weight of larvae reared on tissues of rabbits orally dosage with lethal dose of Paracetamol were decreased(p>0.05) as a compared with untreated rabbit tissues (rabbit was not dosage - control).

التشخيص الجزيئي وخصوصية المضيف لداء الابواغ الخبيئة Cryptosporidiosis في بعض انواع الطيور البرية والداجنة ود راسة الاصابة التجريبية في الفئران البيض Molecular Diagnosis And Host Specificity For Cryptosporidiosis In Some Species of Wild And Domestic Birds And Study of Experimental Infection In White Mice

اسم المؤلف: اخلاص عباس مرهون الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aimed to investigate of Cryptosporidiosis in some wild and domestic birds, and study some concerned aspect of it such as : Host specificity for Cryptosporidium spp., histo - pathological changes which parasite produced it and molecular analysis for this species. To attainment this purpose we applied our study in three major parts : The First part : Investigation of Cryptosporidium in birdsA total of 236 birds were collected from different regions of Al - Diwaniya province between May 2013 to June 2014, Birds included six species which are : 22 sample from Turkey (Meleagris gallopova), 60 from Quail (Coturnix coturnix) , 40 from Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), 52 from Caged chicken(Gallus gallus), 32 from Common duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and 30 from Feral pigeon (Columba livia). Fecal and bile samples which took from birds were examined by used hot modified Zeihl - Nelseen stain.Results revealed that the birds were infected with two types of Cryptosporidiosis : Intestinal and Biliary Cryptosporidiosis (58.1% and 12.7% respectively).Our study recorded four species belong to Cryptosporidium be responsible for intestinal type which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis, C.baileyi and C.galli, While just the first three species of them were be responsible for biliary type.Also results showed that no significant difference according to gender of birds in infection with two types of Cryptosporidiosis, while showed a significant difference to study's months in infection, the highest ratio of Intestinal type was in March and April (87.5% and 89.3% respectively) and the lower ratio was in July, it reached 27.8% ; While the highest ratio of biliary type was in April, it reached 39.3%.Also results revealed that all cases of Biliary type were light infection, while the severity of infection with Intestinal type was between heavy and light infection. Quail birds showed a significant difference in severity infection compared with other birds, it was higher in quail which reached 60.9% and lower in common duck(30.0%) and there was no heavy infection in feral pigeon. when reading of preparation histological sections from : intestinal, fabricious bursa and bile sac, the results showed a histological changes that parasite induced it which included : hyperplasia in infection's regions, necrosis and destroyed in infected cells with infiltration of inflammation cells.The second part : Experimental studyTo test a host specificity and to know how incidence of cross transmission of Cryptosporidium species which isolated from birds to human, therefore the laboratory mice were dosage with the four species of parasite and then we determinate of : susceptible of age group to infection, prepatent period and histological changes in experimentally infected mice.Result showed that cross transmission could happened for three species of Cryptosporidium that infected birds to lab. mice which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis and C.baileyi with total ratio 30% and showed a significant difference compared with control group, and the results recorded a mortality ratio in infected mice (7.5%).The probability of mammalian infection by Cryptosporidium spp. which isolated from birds in our study represent the first record in Iraq. C.parvum and C.meleagridis showed loss of host specificity whereas C.baileyi was opportunist in his ability to infect another host beside their ordinary host (birds), while C.galli showed a high specificity for its host.The third part : Molecular studyThis part in our study studied for the first time in Iraq, which contains the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium species that infected birds and their genetic analysis through : DNA sequence analysis of species by used small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18SrRNA), read of phylogenetic tree of these species and do comparison among genetic trees according to : original host (birds), experimental host (infected mice) and to their parasitic site in their ordinary host.The phylogenic tree of parasite species was drown by used MEGA6 program, the results of neighboring tree revealed two major branches : First branch include C.galli while the second branch include the other three species. Also genetic tree showed presence of two difference strains of C.parvum can infected the birds with neighboring ratio between them reached to 82% and the same thing was found for C.meleagridis but with neighboring ratio reached to 70%.The reading of phylogenetic tree showed that all species of studied birds can infection with isolated Cryptosporidium species excepting C.galli which just isolate from domestic chicken and C.meleagridis which found parasite only in turkey and quail.Results of genetic analysis of neighboring tree among species according to parasitic sites in infected birds showed similarity between species which isolated from fecal and bile, which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis and C.baileyi, this result corroborate the ability of these species to transfer their infection from intestine to bile sac.The results of comparative concerned with isolated species from infected mice's fecal(experimental host) and from birds' fecal (ordinary host), results showed similarity among three species which isolated from mice's fecal with their analogous species isolated from birds' fecal which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis and C.baileyi, while C.galli doesn't have ability to infect mice which dosage it.Finally the result of this study give evidence to ability of cross transmission for these three species from the class : Aves to the class : Mammalian, So this fact give to us a hygienic indication for probability of human infection with these species.

دراسة ادلة التنوع الاحيائي لتقييم مجتمع العوالق الحيوانية في نهر الكوفة - العراق A Study of Biodiversity Indices To Assessment The Zooplankton Community In The Kuffa River - Iraq

اسم المؤلف: حسين عليوي حسن الكرعاوي
اسم المشرف: مهند رمزي نشات
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - اللافقريات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة على نهر الكوفة في وسط العراق والتي هدفت الى التعرف على التنوع الاحيائي للعوالق الحيوانية من خلال قيم بعض ادلة التنوع الاحيائي وكذلك والتعرف على نوعية المياه من خلال قياس بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه النهر وكذلك من خلال قيم دل | The Present study was carried out on the AL - Kuffa River in the middle of Iraq to know biodiversity of zooplankton by through some of biodiversity indices values and to know water quality by through measurement some physical and chemical characteristics of water as well as by through the Canadian Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) values. The samples of the study have been collected monthly for water and zooplankton for the period from March 2012 till February 2013 at four selected stations in the river; the first is located in Al - Kufel city, the second in Al - Kuffa city, the third in Aboskeer city and the four after Al - Mushkab city. The study was achieved by measurement of some physical and chemical properties of water were analyzed based on the importance of these parameters the parameters studied included Air temperature, water temperature, pH, water current velocity, turbidity, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, percentage of saturation, biological oxygen demand, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphat, phosphate and nitrate. The study also included biological aspects using density, Rrelative abundance index (Ra), Constancy index (S), Species richness index (D), Shanon - Weiner index (H), Species uniformity index (E) and Jaccard presence - community were also employed to determine the values of species composition, density and zooplankton biodiversity in the study area. The results showed clear consensus from air temperature and water temperature in all study locations.Air and water temperature ranged from 6 to 41 ?C and 7 to 34?C respectively, the Water current velocity values were fluctuated according to the different water levels during the study period and ranged from 0.19 to 0.71 m/sec, while the (TSS) values were low and ranged from 3.54 to 52.05 mg/l, and turbidity 1.69 to 55.76 NTU, the pH values were neutral tend to light alkaline and ranged was ranged from 7.1 to 8.7, The electrical conductivity values varied from 810 to 1810 ?s/cm, according to the values of salinity 0.51 to 1.158 ‰ the water of the river was classified as Oligohaline, (TDS) showed medium values ranged from 440.4 to 977 mg/l. This study showed that river were well oxygenated the dissolved oxygen values ranged from 5.5to12.2mg/l and high percentage of saturation recorded from 72 to 148 %, The study recorded values to the BOD5 were ranged from 0.9 to 6.4 mg/l.The study showed that the water of the river was classified as slight alkaline and bicarbonate ions were dominant throughout the study period according to the values of total alkalinity from110 to 210 mg CaCo3/l, and the river water classified as very hard according to the total hardness values from 237.9 to 538.2 mg CaCo3 /l., While the concentrations of calcium and magnesium were from 73.19 to134.1 and from10.46 to 55.59 mgCaCO3/L respectively, The chlorid and sulfate values were from117.6 to 244.5 mg/l and136.9 to 528.14mg/l respectively, The nutrients showed clear fluctuation in their concentrations, nitrate values were varied from 3.55to36.43?g/l and phosphate values were from 0.15 to 2.89 ?g/L.. In the current study about 164 Taxonomic units of zooplankton were identified, the rotifer was dominate group including 92 taxa to rotifera, 35 taxa belonging to cladocera and 37 taxa to copepod. The Zooplankton showed high density in river 29470 ind /m3 during April 2012 while lower1100 ind/m3 in December 2012 also the rotifer recorder density from 425 to 17925 ind/m3, cladocera density from 25 to 4850 ind/m3 and copepod density from 300 to 15450 ind/m3 the high values were in spring and autumn while lowest values were recorded in summer and winter. The results of relative abundance index showed that the species rotifera : Keratella cochlearis, K.valga, Euchlanis delatata while the cladocera Alona rectangular, Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus sphaericus, Simocephalus vetulus and the copepods : nauplii were more abundant in the kuffa river. also the results of Constancy index showed fourteen taxa belonged to zooplankton which were considered "Constant" at stations However the other taxonomy units varied from "accessory" and "accidental" taxonomy units in study stations he Values of the index of Species richness of Rotifer varied from 3.42 to18.26 and Cladocera varied from 0.9 to8.13 and Copepod from1.46 to 6.13 with greatest values were recorded in April While lower values in September and June The highest percentage of similarity 70.58% for Zooplankton were reported from stations 3 and 4 in and lowest similarity reaching 50.30% from stations 2 and 3. the Shanon - Weiner index of total Zooplankton varied from 1.81 to 4.13 bit/ind while the Shanon index of Rotifer from 1.85 to 3.78 bit/Ind, Cladocera varied from 0.001 to 3.03 bit/Ind and Copeoda varied from 0.35 to 2.71 bit/Ind with greatest values were recorded in April 2012 and September 2012 While lower values in and June 2012 and January 2013, The uniformity index of Rotifer varied from 0.01 to 0.9, Cladocera from 0.01to 1 and Copeoda from 0.14 to 0.88 These high values indicate that there is no ecological stress on zooplankton in the study area. The results of the Canadian Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for aquatic life showed that the water quality of River Kuffa in the study area obtained good to marginal level (90.93 - 62.76) the highest value was recorded at station 1 through April 2012 and lowest value was recorded at station 2 through July 2012

التغيرات الفسلجية لضربين من الباميا Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench بتاثير حامض الدبال والزولفاست Physiological Changes To Varieties of Okra Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench By Effect of Humic Acid And Zolfast

اسم المؤلف: ندى سالم عزيز الموسوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير علي ياسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت هذه الدراسة في كلية الزراعة/ جامعة القادسية خلال المدة من 10/4/2011 حتى 15/10/2011. الهدف منها دراسة الاستجابة لضربين من الباميا (الحسيناوية والبتيرة) لطريقتي اضافة حامض الدبال ومستحضر الزولفاست (الرش الورقي ومع ماء الري) وبتركيزين لكل منهما (الموصى | This study was conducted in Agriculture College, AL - Qadisiya University during the period of 10/4/2011 till 15/10/2011. The aim of the study was studying response of two okra varieties (Al - Husenawyia and Al - Pteira) humic acid and zolfast application methods (foliar and addition to irrigation water) and this concentration (recommended and doubled) on growth and productivity as well as leaf mineral and fruit medicinal active constituents.The humic acid and zolfast formulas were added by the use of hand sprayer or with irrigation water with the recommended and doubled concentrations for humic acid and zolfast as foliar spraying were 1 ml.L - 1 and 2 ml.L - 1 if doubled respectively while when used with irrigation water 4.8 ml.L - 1 and 9.6 ml.L - 1 if double for humic acid 7.2 and 14.4 ml.L - 1 for zolfast if doubled.The design of the experiment was Randomized complete blocks in a factorial arrangement (2×2×5) in three replications. The RLSD at 0.05 was used as a method to compare means separation treatment effect was evident. The results showed : 1 - Al - Husenawyia variety was superior in total leaf area, vegetative fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights, P% and content addition to specific leaf weight, relative growth rate, fruit length, number of fruit/plant, fruits yield compared to Al - Pteira. Percentage of protein, carbohydrates, total soluble solids, caprylic, lauric saturated fatty acids and all the unsaturated fatty acids. Mucilage, folic acid and oil refractive index were also higher with Al - Husenawyia compared to Al - Pteira had higher stem diameter, fruit fresh and dry weight, K%, boron content and percentage of saturated fatty acids (Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic, Arachidic and Behinic). Ca% was the same for both cultivars.2 - Foliar application method of humic acid and zolfast showed beneficial effect on and all parameters studies except root fresh and dry weight and percentage of saturated fatty acids increased with irrigation water (except Lauric acid which was increased with foliar application). Methods of application did not affect stem diameter, Ca% in leaves and fruit total soluble solids.3 - Although the double recommended concentrations of humic acid and Zolfast reduced saturated fatty acids significantly their recommended concentration lowered saturated fatty acids (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic, Arachidic and Behinic) compared to control treatment. Percentage of fiber was lower with the use of zolfast compared to humic acid and control. While K% was lowered when zolfast used in the double recommended concentration. No significant difference were found between the recommended concentrations of humic acid or zolfast in stem diameter, total leaf area, relative growth rate, vegetative dry weight, root dry weight, P%, Ca%, boron content, fruit length, number of fruit/ plant, fruit dry weight, mucilage, carbohydrates%, folic acid, oil%, percentage of saturated fatty acids (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic and Arachidic) and unsaturated fatty acids (Oleic and Linoleic) and the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids/saturated.4 - The interaction between cultivars and methods of application revealed that foliar application of both humic acid and zolfast reduced saturated fatty acid (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic and Arachidic) significantly of both cultivars, compared to their addition to irrigation.5 - The interaction between cultivars and substances of application (humic acid and zolfast concentrations revealed that both cultivars had different response in some traits of studied to applied concentrations of humic and zolfast. Al - Husenawyia variety had higher vegetative fresh weight, root dry weight and fruit of mucilage content with the double recommended humic acid. While Al - Pteira variety had higher TSS% and Lauric acid% when used the double recommended concentration of zolfast.6 - The interaction between methods of application and concentrations of application substances showed superior effect on some studied parameters. Foliar application method was superior on addition to irrigation application with all concentrations except root fresh and dry weight and saturated fatty acids% (except Lauric acid) which were increased when added to the irrigation water to all concentrations of application substances. The same interaction did not revealed significant difference in stem diameter, Ca% and fruit fresh and dry weight.7 - The three way interaction factors studied in the experiment revealed an increase in growth parameter of both cultivars when humic acid and zolfast were added in their higher concentration (double recommended) by foliar application expect root fresh and dry weight and saturated fatty acids% (except Lauric acid) which were increased when added to the irrigation water. Al - Husenawyia variety was higher in all parameters with the use of higher concentration of humic acid and zolfast when applied with irrigation water or foliar application. The three way interaction revealed no significant difference in stem diameter, vegetative dry weight, Ca%, fruit fresh and dry weight, TSS%, percentage of oil and unsaturated fatty acids (Linoleic and Myristoleic).8 - Results of electrophoresis analysis revealed that the use of the doubled recommended concentration of humic acid and zolfast with irrigation water participated in building higher protein molecules in fruits to both cultivars. While the double recommended concentration of humic acid and zolfast did not show this trait when foliar applied.

استخدام التراكم الحيوي للعناصر الثقيلة في انسجة الديدان المتطفلة على نوعين من اسماك المياة العذبة في محافظة القادسية The Usage of Bio - Accumulation of Heavy Meyals In Tissues of Parasitic Helminthes of Two Types of Fresh Waters Fishes In Al - Qadisiya Governorat.

اسم المؤلف: عاصفة مطرود ياسين المياحي
اسم المشرف: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في اربعة انهار ضمن محافظة القادسية هي نهرالديوانية والشامية والحمزة وعفك, اذ جمعت 945 سمكة تعود لنوعين من الاسماك هما الشبوط الاعتيادي Barbus grypus والخشني Liza abu وبعــد فحصها وجـد ان 205 سمكة مـن اسماك الشبوط الاعتيادي و344 سمكة | The present study has been conducted in four parts of AL - Qadisiya (Diwaniya center, Shamiya, Hamza and Afaq). A sample of 945 fish of Barbus grypus and Liza abu has been examined. It was found that 205 of the Barbus grypus fish and 344 of the Liza abu were infected with parasitic intestinal worms. Some parasitic intestinal worms have been detected such as the Neoechinorynchus iraqensis in both fish types. The female paulisentus in Barbus grypus, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi were found in both Barbus grypus, Liza abu and the larva of Contracaecum spp was seen in the Liza abu and Barbus grypus type. In Diwaniya river had high infection of both fish types was 61.31%. The Barbus grypus fish were recorded with 70.11% while the Liza abu fish infection was 57.21%.. In Hamza river the total percentage of infection was 56.79 % in both types. The Liza abu infection in the four parts of Diwaniya as 56.30%. In September the infection percentage was higher by 63.21% in the two kinds of fish. while in February, December the infection rate was as low as 50%. It was also found that length categories of (26 - 24.1)cm of Barbus grypus had high percentage of 67.16%, while the length category (28 - 26.1) cm suffered 64.47% infection with intestinal worms in the length category (> - 30.1) was 22.22%.As for the Liza abu it had a high percentage of infection in length category (12 - 10.1) cm, the percentage was 67.53% and dropped to 46.53% in length category (8 - 6)cm.The present study has discovered many pathological changes (visable and microscopic)caused by the intestinal worms, Among the visable changes was embolism and bleeding of the walls of the infected intestinal microscopic changes included an increase in the phlogistic and phagocytic cell and ruining of the internal tissue lining the intestines and atrophy villi.Eight heavy metals were measured.They included Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Copper, Manganese, Mercuryand Chromiumby means of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer tissues from the a forementioned types of fish were measured for these heavy metals these tissues were from the liver, muscles, gills, two kinds of intestinal worms (Cestode and Nematode) were measured also water and sediments (deposits) from four districts of Diwaniya throughout the year, Cadmium registered high concentrations in autumn (12.67) Mg/ gm in the liver of the Barbus grypus. lower concentrations of Cadmium were registered in Winter (1.30) Mg/ gm in the liver of Liza abu.The Barbus grypus livers had high concentrations of lead in autumn (21.03) Mg/ gm in Hamza rivers, where as gills of the Liza abu registered lower concentrations(6.43) Mg/gm in spring.The livers of the Barbus grypus registered high concentrations of zine in autumn which where (32.27)Mg/ gm in Hamza river. Shamiya river they dropped to 21.17 Mg/ gm in spring, It was observed that Nickel had high concentrations in the livers of both fish types, The highest of which was in autumn, the the Hamza river had the highest concentrations in autumn which were (29.17, 28.63, 27.67) Mg/gm.In spring the nickel concentrations were low in the gills of the Liza abu11.10 Mg/ gm in Shamiya river, The livers of the Barbus grypus had the most concentrations of copper which reached 2.02 Mg/ gm while livers of the Liza abu had 1.92 Mg/ gm concentrations in autumn in Hamza river.Manganese showed low concentrations in the Liza abu gills in winter and spring they ranged (1.67, 1.73) in Shamiya river, manganese concentrations increased in autumn and summer to reach (14.83, 10.07) Mg/ gm in the Liza abu liver and (15.13, 10.57) Mg/ gm in the muscles of the Barbus grypus in Hamza river, Marcury had the lowest concentrations 24.37 Mg/ gm in the gills of Liza abu in Afaq river, It was observed that the livers of the Barbus grypus were more vulnerable, the highest concentrations was registered 49.97 Mg/ gm in Hamza river followed by Diwaniya which registered 48.97 Mg/m in autumn. Chromium registered lowest concentrations compared to the other metals,.cestodes isolated from the Barbus grypus registered high of mercury concentrations that reached 37.667 and 37.300 Mg/ gm in Hamza and Diwaniya rivers, chrome concentrations was low in the tape worms 0.166 Mg/ gm while nematodes, the concentrations was 0.157 Mg/ gm in Shamiya river.cestoda and nematodais isolated from the intestines of Liza abu registered high concentrations in autumn, cestoda had the most of the concentrations of heavy metals, Mercury and nickel had high concentrations of (35.783, 25.840) Mg/gm, copper and chrome had lower concentrations(1.881, 0.174) Mg/gm inHamza river, nematode registered high concentrations that reached 33.994 Mg/ gm in mercury in Hamza river.As for the rivers sediments Autumn was the most effected by heavy metals for the sediments in Hamza river had high concentrations in Manganese, mercury, and chrome (367, 376.97, 290.93) Mg/ gm respectively while the lowest concentrations was for copper 22.53 Microgram/gram in Shamiya river in spring. The rivers water registered low concentrations of heavy metals in spring, The Shamiya river had low concentrations of lead and cadmium (80.57, 54.60) Mg/gm, autumn registered higher concentrations compared to spring where the highest concentration of manganese and Copper was (512.37, 442.83) Mg / gm in Hamza river.

تاثير بنزوات الصوديوم كمادة حافظة في مستويات بعض الهرمونات والمعايير الكيموحيوية في ذكور الجرذان البيض Effect of Sodium Benzoate As A Preservative In Levels of Some Hormones And Biochemical Parameters In White Male Rats

اسم المؤلف: اسيل نجاح صبر
اسم المشرف: احسان ريسان ابراهيم الركابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تحديد تاثيرات مادة بنزوات الصوديوم في مستويات بعض الهرمونات ومؤشرات الاجهاد التاكسدي والمعايير الكيموحيوية في ذكور الجرذان البالغة وغير البالغة ولمدد مختلفة. ولبيان هذه التاثيرات صممت تجربتين رئيستين لهذه الدراسة، استعمل في التجربة ا | This study was aimed to determining the effects of sodium benzoate in the levels of some hormones and oxidative stress indicators as well as biochemical parameters in mature and immature albino male rats in different durations.To detect these effects two main experiments were designed in the current study, (60) immature male rats were used in the first main experiment that included three secondary experiments each one of these was included four groups of immature albino male rats, (5) male for each group.In the first secondary experiment G1, G2, and G3 groups were orally given sodium benzoate daily in concentrations of 50, 100, 200 mg/ kg of body weight for one week, whereas in the second and the third secondary experiments G1, G2, and G3 groups were orally given sodium benzoate in the same concentrations daily for two and three weeks respectively. The control groups of the three secondary experiments were given distilled water throughout experiments. (60) of mature male rats were used in the second main experiment that have included the same design as the previous one.After the end of treatments in each experiment, the following parameters were studied : hormonal parameters that included corticosterone, luteinizing hormone LH, testosterone T, thyroid stimulating hormoneTSH and thyroxin T4, oxidative stress indicators (glutathione and malodialdehyde) and biochemical parameters that included (liver enzymes ALT and AST, total bilirubin, albumin, globuoline, total serum protein, sodium and potassium).The results of the first main experiment are pointed out : 1 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the level of corticosterone hormone in both G2 and G3 groups during one weak of treatment and in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of each treatment. 2 - A significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in G3 group also the thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxin in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment, the levels of all these hormones were also revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment. 3 - A significant decrease (P<0.05) in the glutathione level was accompanied by a significant increase in the malondialdehyde level in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment and also in the G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 4 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the ALT and AST enzymes levels in G1, G2 and G3 groups during each duration of experiment in comparison with control groups. 5 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the total bilirubin level in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment. Also in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 6 - A significant decrease(P<0.05) in the albumin and total serum protein levels in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment, the decreased albumin and globuline levels were also accompanied by a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of total serum protein in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups.7 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the sodium level in G1, G2, and G3 groups during each duration of experiment in comparison with control groups. 8 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the potassium level in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment and in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 9 - Comparison between treatments durations for all parameters was showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in levels of most parameters during two and three weeks of treatment in both G1 and G2 and with increasment of treatment duration in G3. The results of the second main experiment were presented that : 1 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the corticosterone level in G3 during one week of treatment also in both G2 and G3groups during two weeks of treatment as well as in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 2 - A significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of luteinizing hormone, testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxin in both G2 and G3 groups during two weeks of treatment and in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 3 - A significant decrease(P<0.05) in the glutathione level was accompanied by a significant increase in the malondialdehyde level in both G1and G2 during two weeks of treatment, as well as in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 4 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the ALT and AST enzymes levels in the G1, G2 and G3 groups during each duration of experiment in comparison with control groups. 5 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the total bilirubin level in G3group during one week treatment, also in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 6 - A significant decrease(P<0.05) in the albumin and total serum protein levels in G3 group during one weak treatment, also in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two weeks treatment. The significant decrease(P<0.05) in the albumin and globuline levels in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks treatment was accompanied by a significant decrease in the total serum protein level in compare with control groups.7 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the sodium and potassium levels in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups.8 - Comparison between treatments durations for all parameters was showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in levels of most parameters during three weeks of treatment in G1 and during two and three weeks of treatment in G2 and G3.

الخصائص المظهرية والجزيئية للفطر Aspergillus niger وتقييم قابليته في انتاج حامض الستريك تحت ظروف مختلفة Phenotypic And Molecular Characteristics of The Fungus Aspergillus Niger And Evaluation Its Ability To Produce Citric Acid Under Different Conditions

اسم المؤلف: علي عبد الهادي ماهود السوداني
اسم المشرف: ماجد كاظم عبود الشبلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت هذه الدراسة لتقييم قابلية فطريات من التربة في انتاج حامض الستريك باستخدام وسط غذائي صناعي مدعم بمصادر كربونية ونيتروجينية واملاح وتحديد بعض الظروف المثلى للانتاج من العزلة الفطرية الاكفا بعد تنميتها على وسط المولاس المروق ووسط راشح قشور الرز المدعمين | This study was carried out to evaluation the ability of fungi from the soil in the production of citric acid using synthetic culture medium supplemented with sources of carbon, nitrogen and salts and determine some optimal conditions for the production of citric acid from the most efficient fungal isolate after growing it on the clarifying molasses medium and rice husks filtrate medium supplemented with some nutrients, and also determine the genotype for the most efficient fungal isolate in the production of citric acid by PCR - RFLP technique and determine the sequence of DNA bases for the region ITS1 - 5.8S rRNA gene - ITS2, and the study also included a purification of the citric acid by precipitation method and detection it by (HPLC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results showed the presence of 21 fungal isolates included 12 isolates for the fungus Aspergillus niger by frequency amounted to 57.14 % and 5 isolates for the fungus Trichoderma viride by frequency amounted to 23.8 % and 4 isolates for the fungus Mucor spp. by frequency amounted to 19.04 %, were excluded from the study some fungal isolates which showing the ability to produce aflatoxins. The screening 16 local fungal isolates of fungi A. niger, T. viride and Mucor spp. it appeared that the fungal isolate A. niger 5 was the most efficient in the production of citric acid, and also the results showed a single two bands of DNA with a molecular size 480 and 66 base pairs at using RsaI restriction enzyme and that the genotype of the A. niger 5 is of the type A Some optimum cultural and environmental conditions for the production of citric acid from the selected isolate were studied. It was obtained the highest production of citric acid which amounted to 28.947 g/l at the clarifying molasses medium and 30.015 g/l at rice husks filtrate medium using 15 % reducing sugars, 0.25 % ammonium sulfate, 0.1, 0.2 % KH2PO4, 0.025 % MgSO4.7H2O, adjusted primary pH of medium to 3.5, 4 inoculated with 4 % from the initial inoculation which it concentration 1 x 106 spore/ml and incubated under shaker conditions at 200 rpm at 30 C for 8, 9 days for the clarifying molasses medium and rice husks filtrate medium respectively. The results of detected of citric acid using HPLC showed two peaks for both standard citric acid and citric acid under study at retention time amounted to 12.637 and 12.641 minutes respectively.

دراسة التغيرات الهرمونية ومعايير الخصوبة وامكانية الانتقال الجنسي في ذكور الجرذان المصابة تجريبيا بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Study of Hormonal Changes And Fertility Parameters And The Possibility of Sexual Transmission In Male Rats Experimentally Infection By Toxoplasma Gondii Parasite

اسم المؤلف: مي ناجي كاظم الخناق
اسم المشرف: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى اثبات العلاقة بين الاصابة بداء المقوسات وحالات ضعف الخصوبة عند الذكور من خلال دراسة التغيرات في المعايير التكاثرية والهرمونات التكاثرية والتغيرات المرضية النسجية للحيوانات المصابة تجريبا بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii, | The present study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between toxoplasmosis and cases of low fertility in males by examining changes in reproductive parameters, reproductive hormones and histopathological changes of experimentally infected rats, the study also aimed to prove the case of the venereal transmission of parasite from male to female and vice versa. The study carried out in three phases, the first phase includes determining the infection rate of the parasite for men who suffer from low fertility rate, as it has been serologically detecting the presence of IgG antibodies to the parasite by ELISA technique in the laboratory of parasites / College of Veterinary Medicine in 46 serum samples of blood for men attend to the Center for Infertility Research embryos of the Faculty of Medicine / University of Al - Nahrain and Al - Zahra Hospital and particular laboratories in Wasit province, who proved to have a laboratory case of weakness in reproductive parameters of semen in the rate of infection was 34.78%, then was to investigate the level of reproductive hormones (testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone), it was the men who had lower levels of these hormones 58.33% and 50% and 1.664%, respectively. The second phase included the parasite Toxoplasma gondii isolated from placental samples of aborted women and brain samples of local chicken after confirming the presence of the parasite in those samples by impression smear, As to isolate the parasite the samples was catting and grinding, filtered and centrifugation after it was suspended in physiological solution at three times.These isolates were used for experimental infection in 60 of the male albino rats norvegicus Rattus age (60_70) days and an average of weights 200_250 grams injected each of them within the peritoneum 0.3ml each animal and containing 100 cysts, 30 of which form the suspension of placenta and 30 from the suspension brain of local chicken in rats experimental infection, injection of 10 for each of the male rats and 10 female rats by suspension of placenta for experimental infection and after seven weeks of infection, put 10 healthy females with males infected experimentally and 10 healthy males with infected female for the purpose of mating to ensure for the transition infection of the parasite sexually and then confirm infection by using the direct smear (impression) and the Real - Time polymerase chain reaction technique and histological sections in the experience of experimental infection and transitional infection of parasite. It emerged the effective of infection on reproductive parameters in experimentally infected rats as negative recorded changes represented in the weights of reproductive organs, sperm concentration, motility, viability and the percentage of abnormalities compared with control group and in significant differences in 0.05 except the sperm motility which recorded significant differences in animals injected with suspension of brain domestic chicken and no significant differences in animals injected with suspension of placenta, also recorded the absence of sperm in the semen of infected rats by 40% in each of the animals that were injected placenta and injected samples of the brain of domestic chicken, as it was for the transmission of the infection to the male effect on reproductive parameters sperm in all reproductive parameters in study and significant difference for all parameters except the sperm motility compared with control group in significant differences in 0.05.With regard to the rates of sex hormones (LH, FSH, T) has recorded a significant decrease of the animals experimentally infection, which amounted to 4.588, 4.648, 6.657, either male rats venereal infected there was a decrease in the levels of hormones three significant differences and rates of 4.762, 5.644, 2.21, respectively, compared with control group which recorded 10.514, 12.210, 10.576, respectively, as rates were hormones low for normal level in females venereal infected except hormone LH as record rate 8.132 higher than the average private control group, which amounted to 5.335, as the rates of hormone (FSH, T) for females venereal infected 2.901, 5.596, respectively, compared to the control group, which recorded 4.71, 1.79, respectively.The initial diagnosis of the infection by using the impression smear method and its emphasis by molecular diagnosis REALTIME PCR technique, as was the incidence100% of the first method, either way in the second technique in rats injected with Suspension parasite of placenta 90% while it was 100% in rats injected parasite brain domestic chicken, the percentage of infection was varied in organs as recorded lowest infection in the first group in the liver and the testis was 20% either the highest percentage recorded in the semen and 90% either in brain samples was 26%, while the lowest infection for the second group it was 20% in the liver, brain and testis either the highest proportion it was 100% of the semen, and whend vice versa, in 100% for both groups by imprassion smear method, either way RT.PCR was recorded the percentage of infection in uninfected females which mated with infected males 100% divided by the organs as the lowest infection recorded in the uterus was 30% and the highest rate of infection was in the liver, brain was 100% either ovary was the presence of parasite in which 60%, while the incidence of total uninfected male who have been mated experimentally infected female100% divided by the organs as the highest rate of infection was in semen was 100% and either in the liver there have been no cases were positive remember and so the infection was 0% either infection rates recorded for the tissue of the brain and testis were 40%, 50%, respectively, either with regard to prove the existence of the parasite, depending on tissue sections of these tissues have been diagnosed with the parasite in addition to histological pathological changes occur where the male rats experimentally infected and all of the male and female in experience. As the percentage of pregnancies in the two groups of animals mating 35%, the percentage of infection in newborn brain has reached100%, which proves the case of vertical transmission of the parasite for newborns of infected mother parasite

التتابع الجيني لطفيليات Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar and E. Moshkoviskii في محافظة القادسية Phylogenetic Sequeincing For Spesies Entamoeba Histolytica, E. Dispar, E. Moshkoviskii In Al - Qadisiya Province

اسم المؤلف: هبة رياض جميل العبودي
اسم المشرف: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة للمدة من بداية اذار 2014 والى نهاية ايلول 2014 وشملت على مراجعين مستشفى الديوانية العام ومستشفى النسائية والاطفال في محافظة القادسية ومختبرات التحليل الاهلية في المحافظة, وقد تم فحص679 عينة براز باستخدام طريقة المسحة المباشرة لمختلف الفئ | This study has been conducted for the period from the first of March 2014 until September 2014 and included the auditors to Diwaniya General Hospital and Women's Hospital and children in the province of Diwaniya and civil analytical laboratories in the province. A sample of 679 of auditors' stool have been examined by using the direct swab from different age groups and both sexes. The study shows that 61.26% of people have been infected by screened amoeba parasite. Real time PCR was used in this study to diagnose Amoeba species in 200 samples. Result shows that Entamoeba histolytica had highest percentage of incident followed by Entamoeba dispar then Entamoeba moshkoviskii, which were 74 %, 26 %, and 7 % respectively.Statistical level of ?=0.05presents significant differences between then. Percentage of positive molecular test samples was higher than the negative ones; they were 88% and 12%. Molecular diagnoses were used in this study. E. histolytica had highest individual incident followed by E.disbar then E. moshkoviskii : 56% 10%, and 1% respectively. Using significant level of 0.05, significant differences were appeared. Rates of mixed infections of E. histolytica + E. dispar followed by E. moshkoviskii + histolytica then E. moshkoviskii + E. dispar, which were 14%, 4%, and 2% respectively. Statistics shows significant differences between them at ? =0.05. Symptoms of individual incident of the three Amoeba sorts were observed and recorded. Patients who had E. histolytica, severed from acute diarrhea that ranged between mucous and watery texture, which its color contrast between brown and reddish brown. They had bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain that ranged from severe to moderate colic. They had also slight temperature increase and weight loss. For those who had E.disbar, abdominal pain and frequent pale yellow diarrhea that semi - aqueous texture were recorded. Symptoms of : moderate yellowish brown snotty diarrhea, abdominal pain and, weight loss were observed for those who had E. moshkoviskii. R.T.PCR (Taqman Probe) was used to isolate samples and to investigate the three pathogenic virulence genes, which are Cystiene Proteinase, Amebopore, and Gal/Gal Nac Lectin. This was done in each of Amoeba’s species using R.T.PCR (Syber Green). According to it, E. histolytica possesses Cystiene Proteinase 1, Amebopore, and Gal/Gal Nac Lectin at 86.6%, 80.35%, and 42.8% respectively. Non - significant differences were found at ? =0.05 between them. For E.disbar, result shows existence of the same pathogenic virulence genes at percentages of 65%, 45%, and 20% respectively. Result presents significant differences among percentage of genes isolation for the pathogenic virulence factors at ? =0.05. E. moshkoviskii had these three pathogenic virulence genes at percentage of 33.3% by isolating the virulence genes except Gal/Gal Nac Lactin, there were significant differences among them at ? =0.05. This study was conducted to understand the molecular characterization confirmatory of the three types of insulators parasite using traditional enzyme chain polymerize reaction as a first stage to investigate the 18s ribosomal RNA covenantal. It represents personal heritage of the three types of amoeba. Depending on the same gene, developed tree were analyzed for Amoeba’s species using method of Neighber - Joining among different groups of the stains for each species separately using MEGA6 program. Knowing convergence rates of the used stains and international isolators from NCBI, Blast program was used. Since there is no study has been done to study nitrogenous bases sequence for these three species, samples undertook molecular characterization confirmatory was registered in the national data base center (NCBI). International serial numbers were obtained and attached to the dissertation.

استعمال بعض انواع الطحالب والنباتات المائية في المعالجة الحيوية لمياه محطات المعالجة في مدينة الديوانية - العراق Using of Some Dominant Algae And Aquatic Plants In Bioremediation of Waste Water From Wastewater Plants In Al - Dewaniya City, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: رائد كاظم عبد الاسدي
اسم المشرف: فؤاد منحر علكم حسين يوسف الركابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة المائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على نوعين من المياه العادمة الصناعية المطروحة من مصنع نسيج الديوانية والمياه العادمة البلدية من محطة معالجة الديوانية، وللمدة من ربيع 2011 الى ربيع 2012 وهدفت الى اجراء مراقبة فصلية لنوعية المياه الداخلة لمحطتي المعالجة والخارجة منها | The current study has been conducted on two types of waste water, industrial wastewater from Al - Dewaniyah textile factory station1, station 2 and municipal wastewater from Al - Dewaniyah wastewater treatment plant station 3, station 4 in the City of Al - Dewaniyah - Iraq., for the period from Spring2011 to Spring 2012 and targeted monitoring quarterly the quality of water entering and leaving the stations.The study also includes the evaluation of the efficiency of some algae and aquatic plants to improve water quality via bioremediation of some pollutants in the water. The evaluation of water quality includes18 parameters as confirmed on spatial and temporal changes of these parameters, as well as the algal contents of these four stations(S1, S2, S3and S4). The results of physical and chemical analysis show the following ranges of : temperature (12.5 - 41.5°C), total dissolved solids TDS(692 - 1384.6 mg/l), total suspended solids TSS(58 - 277.4 mg/l), electrical conductivity EC(1225 - 2045µS/cm2), pH(7.0 - 7.8), dissolved oxygen DO(0.7 - 8.51mg/l), biological oxygen demand BOD(48.82 - 205 mg/l), total alkalinity (170.7 - 428 mg/l), total hardness TH (412 - 1623.3 mg/l), calcium (89.7 - 204.14 mg/l), magnesium (37.7 - 332.5 mg/l), nitrite (0.43 - 12.25 mg/l), nitrate(6.18 - 63.75 mg/l), phosphate (0.813 - 20.24 mg/l), lead (0.0983 - 1.076 mg/l), chromium (0.007 - 0.045mg/l), cadmium (0.0374 - 0.326 mg/l) and the total algal number(17.00 - 14202 individual/l).The spatial and temporal variations show significant differences at(P?0.05) among studied factors in the different stations.The qualitative study of algae reports that the dominance is to the blue green algae(Cyanophyta)by 46%, then is followed by diatoms(Bacillariophyta) by 26% down with Dinophyta3%, according to Shannon - Wiener index of diversity (H), the fall and winter classified as severely polluted all around the stations 0.377 and 0.669, respectively, while summer and spring are moderate pollution of a category (II) and the values of (H) is1.374 and 1.395 respectively, in situ has been observed that the stations are classified as highly polluted and have been ranked within the category(I) and the stations arranged according to the pollution as S3 <S4< S2< S1.According to Species richness index the first station S1 is the best, follows by S4, S3 while S2 comes the last in order, but in the terms of total abundance has topped the third station S3 among the others, then followed by S4, S2 and finally S1. on the other hand the current study includs laboratory investigation to demonstrate the efficiency of algae and aquatic plants to improve water quality as it has been experimenting with immobilization of algae technique, a new method has been used for the first time at the local level in the current study. The results show that the immobilized algae Stigonema sp.and Cladophora glomerata have lowered the pH of the treated wastewater which began relatively high, as well as increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations at the end of the experiment all transactions free and immobilized treatments , on the other side TSS has been reduced about 61.8% when treated with immobilized algae C.glomerata, nitrite has also been reduced at about 96.7% and 85.5% by Stigonema sp.and C.glomerata respectively, nitrate also has been reduced by 99.9% and 95.2% when treated with Scendesmus dimorphus and C.glomerata respectively, while the removal of phosphate reaches its peak when it has been treated with free Stigonema sp. and immobilized S.dimorphus by 99.92% and 98.35% respectively.The tested algae shows a great ability to reduce heavy metals, when immobilized alga Oscillatoria sp. removes about 94.27% of Lead, while free Stigonema sp. and C.glomerata are the best in Chromium removal about 92.42% and 92.35% respectively, and the C.glomerata is the best in Cadmium processing, a reduced rate of 99.21% followed by immobilized S.dimorphus of 97.13%. The current study also involves a laboratory experiment to evaluate the potential of two aquatic plants duckweed (Lemna minor L.)and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Mart.(Solms.) in improving the quality of wastewater the tested plants have been worked at increasing the aeration of treated water by raising dissolved oxygen concentration about 85.26% and 84.4% for duckweed and water hyacinth, on the other hand the relative efficiency to reduce the pollutants by aquatic plants as follows : EC, NO2, NO3(31.66% and 28.45%, 55.7% and 50.01%, 55.7% and 13.3%)for duckweed and water hyacinth respectively, from another side water hyacinth is the most efficient in phosphate reducing at rate of 90.5% comparing with duckweed 49.78%.On the of heavy metals treatment the tested plants show a remarkable removal of lead 88.23% and 80.4% , chromium 97.84% and 95.18% for duckweed and water hyacinth respectively, with respect to cadmium, water hyacinth shows high efficiency in the removal of this metal by 98.14%, while duckweed is the least in the treatment of Cd by 81.8%. From the above results, the current study demonstrates that there are a spatial and temporal variations regarding the factors examined in the stations of wastewater treatment units and confirms that the efficiency of studied wastewater treatment stations is below the required level, which contributes in increasing the pollution of Al - Dewaniyah River, which is the unique source to supply the city with freshwater for all purposes, that receives large loads of pollutants.The study also confirms that the evaluation of the presence of algae in the studied stations.Thus the knowledge of algal composition could give an early warning and accurate assessment about the quality of sewage before dumping into river. In addition to the forgoing, it is concluded that the biological treatment (bioremediation) of wastewater using free and immobilized algae and aquatic plants have improved dramatically and tangibly the benefits of the quality of that water being a promising approach of the wastewater treatment as well as being low cost economically.

حركية بعض العناصر النزرة في النظام البيئي لنهر الديوانية Kinetic of Some Trace Elements In The Ecosystem of Al - Diwaniya River

اسم المؤلف: حيدر مشكور حسين
اسم المشرف: باسم يوسف الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study was conducted to understand the Relationship among concentration of selected of trace elements(Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in some trophic levels, water, and sediments, in Al - Diwaniya River. Samples were collected monthly for water, sediments, plant Phragmites australis (Cav.), phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish. from May (summer) 2013 up to April(spring) 2014 from three sites in Al - Diwaniya river. The current study included determine some physical and chemical parameters such as air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Salinity, Light Penetration, Turbidity, Dissolved oxygen, the Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Organic Carbon of sediment, determined of the soil texture; and some trace elements in abiotic component such as water (dissolved and particulate), and in sediment, and so in biotic component included plant P. australis, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish females (Cyprinus carpio) and (Tilapia zilli). The results showed that the air and water temperature ranged between (16.4039.55) ?C; (11.42 - 30.57) ?C respectively. The study also demonstrated that the pH values were neutral tend to light alkaline and ranged between (7.34 - 8.10), the electrical conductivity ranged between (7021 7021 - 7947 7947) µs/cm. while the TDS, ranged between (09.502 09.502 - 729950. 729950.) mg/l, according to the values of salinity ranged between (0.773 - 0.954)‰ the water of the river was classified as Oligohaline, while the values of Light Penetration ranged between (28.81 - 120.61)cm, and the turbidity ranged between (43.26 - 55.78) NTU, also showed dissolved oxygen as its value ranged between (45729 45729 - 7.979) mg/l, while the biological oxygen demand showed value ranged between (1.123 - 2.627) mg/l, The values of total organic carbon in sediments ranged between (0.440 - 1.045)%, While the sediment texture was sandy - silt in the first site, and sandy - clay in the both two and three sites of Al - Diwaniya river. Results of Concentration of trace elements (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in dissolved part ranged between (252222. 252222. - 2522724 2522724), ( 252270 252270 - 252200 252200), ( 25227. 25227. - 252290 252290), (252224. 252224. - 2522022 2522022 ) , ( 25279. 25279. - 252010 252010 ) mg/l., whereas in particulate part ranged for between (0.29 - 1.49), (3.46 - 13.04), (12.51 - 20.99), (1.08 - 4.67 ((, (65.54 - 127.51 ) µg/g dry weight. and in sediments ranged between (0.53 - 1.96), (23.93 - 49.65), (136.85 - 166.09), (4.14 - 5.92), (126.69 - 176.64) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in abiotic components was as follow : sediments> particulate part> dissolved part. in producers of Al - Diwaniya river ranged in plant P. australis from (0.07 - 0.20), (5.93 - 16.21), (8.67 - 46.87 ) , (0.89 - 2.93), (26.60 - 103.78) µg/g dry weight respectively. in phytoplankton from (0.40 - 1.77), (8.89 - 25.2), (28.0666.49), (1.47 - 3.59 ) , (103.39 - 159.70) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in producers was as follow phytoplankton> plant P. australis. While the concentrations of trace elements in consumers in (zooplankton) of Al - Diwaniya river ranged from(0.56 - 4.41), (21.89 - 56.08), (51.64 - 152.79), (2.806.06), (137.14 - 183.61) µg/g dry weight respectively. While in two species of fish according to organs in gills of Cyprinus carpio ranged from(0.63 - 2.07) ) ) 3.19 3.90), ) ) 4.04 - 8.96) , (1.95 - 3.76), (182.14 253.89) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.41 - 1.78), (6.20 - 32.47 ) , (5.97 - 10.39), (2.06 - 5.37), (136.15 184.75) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles from (0.49 - 3.43و) , (و 2.82 10.40), (7.17 - 11.57 ) , (0.61 - 4.60 ) , (110.96 - 160.46) µg/g dry weight respectively. and ranged in gills of Tilapia zilli from(0.44 - 1.15), (1.06 - 6.83), (8.18 - 13.97 ) , (1.46 2.89) , (99.03 155.33) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.571.64 ) , (13.08 - 28.06), ( 8.03 - 18.50), (1.32 - 3.02), (112.68 176.32) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles(0.46 - 1.80), (2.42 2.93), (7.47 - 10.52), ( 0.20 - 3.16 ) , (79.74 - 153.58 ((µg/g dry weight respectively. concentrations of all trace elements in consumers always were higher than with producers and abiotic components In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis., And in the organs of fish was as follow in Cyprinus carpio : gills> liver>muscle, while in Tilapia zilli was follow liver > gills >muscle. While the values of the bioconcentration factor for (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in producers of the study area ranged in plant P. australis. From 747542 747542)) - 7200500 7200500), ( 0.7150. 0.7150. - 729445.4 729445.4), (..1750...1750. - 047..59. 047..59.), ( 004540 004540 411507 411507), ( 44.592 44.592 - 4740509 4740509) respectively.In phytoplankton (7027512 7027512 - 000.2522 000.2522), (.704504.704504 - 79...549 79...549), ( 7111.547 7111.547 - 99420594 99420594), ( 7049542 7049542 - .20454..20454.), ( 0110527 0110527 77944502 77944502) respectively. the values of the bioconcentration factor for elements in consumers of the study area ranged in zooplankton from (712.59. 712.59. - .7444544.7444544), (0071504 0071504 - 42914504 42914504 ) , ( 0.004597 0.004597 - 07.700524 07.700524), ( 0..7527 0..7527 - 7709.544 7709.544), ( 4010577 4010577 70744574 70744574) respectively.in fish organs Cyprinus carpio ranged in gills from(197571 197571 - 97922522 97922522), (839.47 - 2808.33), (1704.16 - 4640.00), (1500.00 - 4076.92), (6876.10 - 13873.77) respectively. in liver ranged from (482.35 - 35600.00), (001.522 001.522 - 10075.00), (2473.81 - 6453.33), (1665.00 - 4646.15), (6373.16 - 12568.02) respectively. and in muscles (.14591.14591 - 40422522 40422522), ( 190572 190572 - 0444544 0444544), ( 7049500 7049500 9002500 9002500 - ) , ( 047520 047520 - 1214540 1214540), ( 4220501 4220501 - 9111502 9111502) respectively. while in Tilapia zilli organs ranged in gills (.71549.71549 - 00222522 00222522), ( 000500 000500 - 01015.2 01015.2) , ( 000254. 000254. 4070500 4070500), ( ((00475.0 00475.0 - 40.504 40.504 , (.40050..40050. - 0901541 0901541 ) respectively. in liver (4125.0 4125.000022522 00022522 ) , (.02.504.02.504 - 00000500 00000500), ( 0017590 0017590 - 77.405.2 77.405.2), ( 09457. 09457. - 9044500 9044500) , (499.5.0 499.5.0 - 0420592 0420592 ) respectively. and in muscles ranged from (.97571.97571 - 00022522 00022522), (771.05 - 0744544 0744544) , ( 7414574 7414574 - 401.522 401.522), ( ( ( 0.44500 0.44500 - 700502 700502, ( 5414.28 - 7354.09) respectively. results showed that the aquatic organisms (Consumers, Producers) have ability to bioconcentration of trace elements. and showed the descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis. The result of this study confirms the biomagnification phenomenon (the increase of trace elements concentration with elevation in trophic levels of the food web) in study of Al - Diwaniya river ecosystem, as it's the case in other region of the world

تقييم نوعية مياه نهر الفرات (بين مدينتي الكفل والشنافية) وسط العراق Assessment of Water Quality of Euphrates River (Between The Cities of Al - Kifl And Al - Shinafiyah) Iraq

اسم المؤلف: دنيا باهل جدعان صلال الغانمي
اسم المشرف: حسين يوسف خلف الركابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة المائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على جزء من بيئة نهر الفرات الممتد بين مدينتي الكفل والشنافية لمدة عام تقويمي من ايار 2013 ولغاية نيسان 2014 واختيرت اربعة مواقع مختلفة وموزعة على منطقة الدراسة شملت ثلاث محافظات هي : بابل - النجف - القادسية (الفرات الاوسط - العراق)، | The current study has applied on the Euphrates River for a full year from May 2013 until April 2014. Four sites selected along the river whithin three provinces; Babylon, Najaf, Al - Qadisiyah. Assessment of water quality done by using Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME) and Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) for the purpose of determining the validity and quality of its water for the General purpose and for Drinking and Irrigation.The physicochemical properties and biological (Phytoplankton) were studied during the study period. These properties were; temperature of the air and water, light penetration, electrical conductivity, salinity, turbidity, water current speed, total suspended and dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, acidity, total hardness and ions of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and the sodium adsorption ratio, chlorides, sulfates, boron, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silica and some heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese in both phases : dissolved and particulate. results showed that the values of the physical and chemical factors ranged as follows : (7 - 47) C, (10 - 31) C, (14 - 177.5) cm, (1020 - 5600) µs/cm, (0.65 - 3.46) 0%, (0.07 - 129) NTU, (27.03 - 115.57) cm/s, (591 - 2985) mg/L and (0.001 - 0.128) mg/L, (7.04 - 8.8), (6 - 11.8) mg/L, (0.13 - 6.6) mg/L, (8.2 - 53) mg/L, (81.4 - 198) mg/L, (30 - 200) mg/L, (6 - 46) mg/L, (490 - 929.67) mg/L, (83.37 - 290.18) mg/L, (0.79 - 174.84) mg/L, (92.5 - 713) mg/L, (1.9 - 11.18) meq/L, (6 - 133) mg/L, (97.97 - 861.73) mg/L, (329 - 1040) mg/L (0.01 - 4.23) mg/L, (0.008 - 1.33) µg/l, (2.16 - 44.74) µg/L, (0.012 - 0.59) µg/L and (104 - 514) µg/L respectively.Concerning the heavy elements, the values of dissolved cadmium ranged between (undetectable - 0.075 mg/L) and it's particulate between (0.0043 - 0.2705) mg /L and dissolved lead between (undetectable - 0.0232 mg /L) and it's particulate between (0.0045 - 0.148) mg/L and dissolved zinc between (un - detectable - 0.0168 mg/L) and it's particulate between (0.0115 - 0.316 mg/L) and dissolved copper (undetectable - 0.0273 mg/L) and copper is particulate between (0.0062 - 0.063 mg /L) and dissolved chromium between (undetectable - 0.0193 mg/L) and the chromium is particulate between (0.0043 - 0.0449) mg/L and dissolved manganese (undetectable - 0.0256) mg/L and it's particulate between (0.0085 - 0.0739) mg/L.The biological tests include Qualitative and Quantitative Study on phytoplankton and also included calculating the total number of coliform way casting dishes by using the MacConkey Agar media.The number of diagnosed species of Phytoplankton was 295 species, belonging to 74 genera. The Diatoms Bacillariophyceae won the biggest part of it as it formed 160 species and 35 genera any rate (54.24%), followed by green algae (70 species belonging to 24 genera) and green algae (52 species belonging to 11 genera) then Euglenophyceae (10 species belonging to both sexes), while golden brown algae and algae Pyrrophyceae were less algal groups registered as belonging to the two single - sex. Some types of phytoplankton existed in most of the duration of the study, including Bacillaria paxillifera, Cocconies placentula, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Diatoma elongatum, Fragilaria virescence, Melosira ambigua, Synedra acus.The total number of phytoplankton is estimated between (104.9 - 4460.09) cell × 103/liter. An increase in the number of phytoplankton in July and January was observed clearly. The concentrations of chlorophyll - a were ranged between (0.0693 - 9.78 mg /L). While the total number of results for coliform were (5 - 281 × 103) cells/liter, The water quality of the evidence Account (Canadian model) using a number of physical, chemical and Biological properties. The results showed that the waters of the Euphrates are located within categories (Poor - Good) with respect to the public evidence of the quality of water of this river while it was located within categories (Poor - Acceptable) with respect to their use for drinking, While its use for irrigation purposes, it was clear that run river water data fall into two categories (Poor - Good). The results of the analysis of the main components Principal component Analysis (PCA) indicate that the nitrates and the total number of coliform and dissolved oxygen, phosphate, zinc, lead and Biological oxygen demand and pH are the biggest impact on the water quality of the index values of the variables of general purpose.These factors are responsible for the deviation index values, followed by turbidity and total hardness and electrical conductivity and temperature of the water, copper, chromium, and cadmium heat. But with the biggest impact of the index water quality factors for drinking purposes are chloride and electrical conductivity and total hardness, magnesium, turbidity and basal college, sodium, calcium, copper, sulfates, nitrates and coliform, zinc and dissolved oxygen, pH, manganese and lead followed by boron nitrite, cadmium, chromium and vital requirement for oxygen. While the chloride and conductivity electrical, the proportion of sodium, copper, zinc and adsorption of boron have greatest influence on the value of water quality index for irrigation, followed by manganese, cadmium, chromium, lead and pH.The phytoplankton index of Biotic Integrity (P - IBI) has been calculated using ten units including (relative abundance of green algae, green algae, pyrrophyta, Euglenophyta, Xanthophyta, Centralales, pennales, species richness index, the density of phytoplankton and chlorophyll a) The results showed that phytoplankton index of Biotic Integrity values ranging between (47 - 74) in the first position and (47 - 67) in the second location, and (45 - 76) in the third site and (45 - 71) in the fourth site. In other words, phytoplankton index of Biotic Integrity with estimating index (good - poor). The results showed the effectiveness of phytoplankton index of Biotic Integrity values in estimating the environmental changes.

التحري عن طفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii في الطيور الداجنة في منطقة الفرات الاوسط والقطط في محافظة الديوانية باستخدام التقنيات المصلية والجزيئية Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii In Domestic Avian In Middle Euphrates Region And Cats In Al - Diwania Province By Serological And Molecular Techniques

اسم المؤلف: خديجة عبيس حمود الخالدي
اسم المشرف: خيري عبد الله داود العكيلي هادي مدلول الميالي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية الكشف عن طفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondiiفي اربع انواع من الطيور ضمت الدجاج المحلي Gallus gallus domesticus والديك الروميMeleagri galbpavol والاوز الاربد Anser anser والبط المحلي Anas platyrhychos domesticus في منطقة الفرات ا | The current study was conducted to detect of Toxoplasma gondii in five species of avian including, Gallus gallus domesticus, Meleagris galbpavol, Anser anser, Anasplatyrhychos domesticus in middle Euphrates provinces of Iraq, also in cats in AL - Diwania province, during 2011 - 2013 by using serological tests (Latex, Rapid test cassette) and molecular test (conventional - PCR and Nested - PCR) as confirmative tests to detect of B1gene which was specific gene of T.gondii in blood and Tissue samples of different organs such as Liver, Heart, Brain, Eye, Lung, Pectoral muscles, Small intestine, Spleen, and Leg muscles of avian and cats which were seropositive cases of Rapid test cassette, also the study was included the detection Oocysts of T.gondii in soil samples of ten cities from Al - Diwania province by using sedimentation and floatation methods as primarily diagnosis, also using the polymerase chain reaction to detect of B1gene in these samples. A total of 320 Avian collected, include 80 samples of each species (20 samples of chicken, Turkey, geese, and Ducks) of each province of middle Euphrates (AL - Diwania, Babylon, AL - Najaf and Karbala), in addition to 10 samples of cats and 100 samples of soil from the center of AL - Diwania province, samples of avian and cats were involved to serological test such as LAT, the results showed there were 96 positive samples in percentage %30, include, 31(%38.75) of chicken, 28 (%35) of turkey, 22 (%27.5) of geese, 15 (%18.75) of ducks and 5 (%50) of cats, the higher Percentage (%23.95) of infection with T. gondii in avian was in titer 1/160 and the lower percentage (%3.73) in titer 1/640, Whereas in cats, the higher percentage in titer 1/20 and lower percentage in titers 1/40, 1/80, 1/160 which reaches %20. The results of Rapid test cassette were showed there were 60 out of 320 samples in percentage %18.75, include 24 (%30) of chicken, 19 in (%23.75) of turkey, 10(%12.5) of geese, 7(% 8.75) of duck and 3(%30) of cats. Also the results of Rapid test cassette were showed the higher percentage of types of antibodies in the serum of avian was %36.66 of IgG +IgM together and the lower percentage was %28.33 of IgM, whereas in cats, the higher percentage was %66.66 of IgG and the lower percentage was %33.34 of IgG +IgM together. To confirm the infection of avian by T.gondii, Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to detect the B1 gene (399 bp) in 320 blood samples of avian and 10 samples of cats, the results were showed there were 34 samples (%10.62) of avian gave positive result, include, 14 (%17.5) of chicken, 12 (%15) of Turkey, 8 (%10) of geese, whereas the results were showed the B1 gene was not present in the blood samples of ducks and cats. The results of Latex, Rapid test cassette and polymerase Chain Reaction were showed, the higher percentage was recorded in chicken % 17.5, %30, %35, whereas the lower percentages were %18.75, %8.75, %0 in D ucks by using the three tests, respectively. According to the results of Rapid test cassette (IgG, IgM +IgG), the results of polymerase Chain Reaction to detect the B1 gene in 16 samples of avian (4 samples of each species) out of 39 samples and 3 samples of cats, showed there were 9 samples (%56.25), include 4 (%100) of chickens, 3(%75) of turkey, 1(%25) of geese, and 2(%66.66) of cats and the higher percentage of B1gene (399bp) in livers of avian was %55.55, %22.22 in pectoral muscles then heart, spleen and small intestine in percentage %11.11 for each one of them, whereas in cats the percentage were % 66.66 in liver while in brain and kidney the percentage was %33.34 of each one of them.. The results of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for amplification the gene B1 in 12 blood samples (4 samples of each species of birds except ducks) was positive for conventional - PCR, Showed the amplification occurs in 4 samples in percentage % 33.33 during the first round of reaction and 3 samples in percentage %75 in the second round, in 10 samples of tissues, the amplification occurred in 6 samples in percentage %60 during the first round and in 4 samples in percentage % 66.66 during the second round of reaction. Also the results were showed the percentage of T.gondii antibodies in serum of four types of avian (except pigeons) according to the provinces were %28.75 in AL - Diwania, %40 (Higher percentage) in Babylon, %12.5(Low percentage) in AL - Najaf and %38.75 in Karbala by latex test, whereas the percentages %26.25 (higher percentage), %10 (lower percentage), %12.25, %17.5 in each of Karbala, AL - Najaf, Babylon, AL - Diwania province respectively by Rapid test cassette, and by using polymerase chain reaction, the percentages were %16. 25 (Higher percentage), %5(Lower percentage), %6.25, %15 in AL - Diwania, Babylon, AL - Najaf and Karbala province, respectively. Also the results showed, the percentage of infection in AL - Diwania province the samples of rural areas were higher (%37.5, %22.5, %17.5) whereas the percentages were lower (%20, %12.5, %12.5) in urban areas by using latex, rapid test cassette, and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The results of comparison between two serological tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction, showed the percentages of infection were % 10.62 (34), %18.75 (60), %30 (96) by using Polymerase chain reaction, Rapid test cassette, latex test, respectively, also the sensitivity and specificity of latex test were %35, %72 whereas the sensitivity and specificity of Rapid test cassette were %35, %88, respectively in compared with standard Polymerase Chain Reaction. In the soil samples, the percentage of presence of Oocysts of T.gondii was %10 by using floatation method and %4 by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction. The study of grossly and microscopy pathological changes in avian and cats which infected with T. gondii, was showed there were lesions on each of liver, heart, pectoral muscles, small intestine, brain and kidney.

دراسة علاقة سم Ochra. A بحالات الفشل الكلوي غير معروف الاسباب في محافظة القادسية Study The Relationship of Ochra.A With Kidney Failure of Unknown Case In Al - Qadisiya Governorate

اسم المؤلف: هدى رحيم هاشم الموسوي
اسم المشرف: بهيجة عبيس حمود الخالدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد العلاقة بين السموم الفطرية وحالات الفشل الكلوي غير معروف الاسباب لدى المرضى المراجعون الى مستشفى الديوانية التعليمي للفترة من اذار/2012 الى كانون الثاني/2013 والذين تم تشخيصهم من قبل الاطباء المختصون. اظهرت نتائج فحص عينات الادرا | This study was designed to detection the Relationship between some fungi and it’s toxin with Renal falier in patients suffer from Renal falier attended to Al - Diwanyia teaching hospital in period from March/ 2012 to January/ 2013, These patients were diagnosed by physician in above hospital. By using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) the results showed 23.07% from patients blood specimens had Ochratoxin A, 19.23% from patients urine specimens had Ochratoxin A 38.46% from patients had Ochratoxin A in blood and urine where only 59.61% your blood and urine were clear from above toxin, So healthy persons were had Ochratoxin A in your blood and urine by rate 20% 40% respectively and 10% from them had Ochratoxin A in your blood and urine and only 65% from them don’t had Ochratoxin A in their blood and urine.the concentration of Ochratoxin A in blood were ranged between 6.2 - 25.8 ?g/kg from weight boody and 4 - 10.3?g/kg in urine and in healthy reach concentration of Ochratoxin A in blood 2.3 - 3 ?g/kg from weight boody and 4.3 - 4.6 ?g/kg in urine.The data of this study showed the male highly infected 87.5% with ocratoxin while in female 70% and 71 - 80 years age had highly infected 92.85% with ochratoxin A. The results of study of biochemical parameter in patients showed highly raised in WBC and urea and Keratinin to reach to 12000 corpuscle /ml3 310 mg/dl, 12.2 mg /dl respectively and lowed the activity of alkaline phosphates enzyme and albumin into 2.2 u/l, 1.5 gm/dl, respectively and suger 120 mg /dl. The results of isolation and diagnosis by depending on Morphological, Microscopical and Biochemical characters showed there were two species of fungi belong to Aspergillus sp, include A. ochraceaus 25.42%, A. niger 12.71% and A. candidus 15.25% and Candida albicans 46.61% were isolated from urine patients where only C. albicans and C. krusi were isolated from blood of patient by percentage 66.66% and 33.33% respectively. So the results of single PCR method selected to detection the OCR and PSK genes in Aspergills spp which responsible for ochratoxin A production , showed 83.33% from A. ochraceaus isolates had OCR gene (907 bp) and 66.66% from A. nger had PSK gene (584bp)Also the results of this study showed A. ochraceus and A. niger had ability to produce metabolic compounds when grow on yeast - extract broth and these compounds had significant toxic effects(P?0.05) in biochemical parameters in albino rats represented raised number of white blood cells (WBCs) into 10610 cell/µm3, urea into 228 mg/dl and Keratinin into 15 mg/dl in blood of animals which treated with 5000 ?l/kg from metabolic products of above fungi respectively, comparative with control groups 10100 cell/µm3. in other side, these metabolic products caused in same dose lead to lower of albumin and activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme into 2.8 mg/dl and 3.7 u/l respectively where normal level for this parameter in control groups.Histological study showed the dose of metabolic products 500 - 5000 µl/kg for both fungi caused pathogenic changes in kidney represented by, atrophy highly proliferation of cells in endothelial layer of Bowman's capsules in addition to hemorrhage and Focal agrgregate inflammatory cells.In other side, study of toxicity of ochratoxin A which extracted by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) teqnique from urine and blood of patients and yeast extract broth media that had growth of A. ochraceus and A. niger showed signification effects(P?0.05) for this compound in physiological and biochemical parameters also caused significant effects in histological parameters similar to these effects which occurred in previsious experiments while these effect don’t appear in control groups.

تاثير الاجهاد المائي والسماد الورقي والمخصب العضوي في نمو نبات حلق السبع الشجيري Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees ومحتواه من بعض المواد الفعالة وفعاليتها المضادة في بعض بكتريا تسوس الاسنان Effect of Water Stress, Foliar And Organic Fertilizers On Growth of Adhatoda Vasica) L.(Nees. And Its Content of Some Active Ingredients And Inhibition Activity of Some Dental Caries Bacteria

اسم المؤلف: ليث سريع الركابي
اسم المشرف: ثامر خضير مرزة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was conducted in Biology Department - College of Science - University of Al - Qadisiya that included pot experiment from the period of 1/4 to 1/8/2013, to assess the effect of water stress, foliar fertilizer (Foltron) and organic fertilizer (Azomin) on growth of Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees and Its Content of Some Active Ingredients. Laboratory experiments were also done from the period of 1/8 to 1/3/2014, to determine the activity of leaves and roots extracts that resulted from plants of pots treatments to inhibit growth of some bacteria genera causing Dental Caries i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pneumonia.A pot experiment included seventy two transplants (age of one month and 8 cm height) that were transplanted in plastic pots (one transplant per pot) in 1/4/2013. Pots were filled with sandy soil and peatmose 2 : 1 v/v. Plants Irrigated with two levels 50 and 25% of field capacity. Foliar fertilizer was used at three concentrations of 0, 3 and 6 ml/L that sprayed twice on plant shoot till complete wetness during 15/4 and 1/6/2014. Organic fertilizer was also used with irrigation water at three concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 ml/L twice on 1/5 and 15/6/2014. The design of the experiment was Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement (2×3×3) with four replications per each treatment. Revised Least Significant Difference (RLSD) was used to compare treatment means at probability 0.05 level when treatment effect was significant.Results of pots experiment were as follows : 1 - Increasing water stress level caused a significant decrease in the most characteristics of vegetative and root growth except for stem internode and root lengths, while increasing in concentration of foliar and organic fertilizer gave the opposite effect of water stress.2 - Water stress caused a significant decrease in leaves content of total chlorophyll and nutrient elements N, P, K, Mg and protein percentage, while foliar and organic fertilizer caused a significant increase on the above characteristics.3 - Water stress caused a significant increase in proline percentage and Vit.C. and Vasicine and Vasicinone alkaloids, while foliar and organic fertilizer caused a significant decrease in proline percentage and Vit.C. and a significant increase in Vasicine and Vasicinone alkaloids.4 - The treatment of plants that were subjected to the water stress via foliar or root fertilizing or both of them caused a significant increase for most of vegetative and root growth characteristics, total chlorophyll, nutrient elements, protein percentage and Vasicine and Vasicinone alkaloids.5 - The treatment of plants that were underwent to the water stress via foliar and root fertilizing caused a significant decrease in proline percentage, Vit.C. and stem internode and root lengths.6 - The interaction of the three studied factors gave a significant positive effect to rise alkaloids of plant.Laboratory experiments included picking fresh leaves and root of plants that dried aerial in a shade, and then extracted it via methanol alcoholic of 70%, it was detected for some chemical components of extract by using reagents. Bacterial genera were isolated from the surfaces of the teeth and cultured on the growth media, and it was diagnosed by the Vitek Compact 2 System Diagnosis. The activity test involved the impact of the alcohol extract for leaves and roots to the inhibition of bacterial growth by the agar well diffusion method on Muller - Hinton.The design of the experiment was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in a factorial arrangement (18×3) with three replications per each treatment. Revised Least Significant Difference (RLSD) was used to compare treatment means at probability 0.01 level when treatment effect was significant.Results of laboratory experiment were as follow : 1 - Increasing extracts concentration caused a significant increase in growth inhibition of the studied bacterial genera.2 - plants extraction that of the combination of A2B3C3 included (25% water stress, 6 ml/L foliar fertilizer and 8 ml/L organic fertilizer) gave the highest activated inhibition for bacterial genera compared with plant other extraction for all tested bacterial genera.3 - The plants extracted that treated by combination A2B3C3 in concentration 150 mg/ml gave higher activated inhibition for Streptococcus pneumonia reached 25.307 ml compared with Amoxicillin that reached 36.167 ml, while the inhibited extracted root reached for the same treatment 16.060 ml (Table 37 and 38).4 - Plants leaf extract was the highest effective inhibition of bacterial compared to the roots extract.

التشخيص الجزيئي للفطر المحاري Pleuroutus ostreatus وفاعلية بعض المخلفات الصناعية في انتاجه وقابليته الخزنية Molecular Diagnosis of The Oyster Mushroom Pleuroutus Ostreatus And Effectiveness of Some Industrial Waste In Its Production And Its Ability Storage

اسم المؤلف: سولاف حامد تيموز
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير سمير سعدون
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذه الدراسة انتاج الفطر المحاري ostreatus Pleuroutus باستعمال اوساط زرعية محضرة من مخلفات صناعة محلية وما لها من اهميه من الناحية الاقتصادية كونه يعد عنصرا غذائيا مهما يحل محل البروتين الحيواني المتمثل باللحوم، وما لهذا الفطر من اهمية طبية وعلاجية ا | This study included the production of mushroom oyster Pleuroutus ostreatus by using agricultural media prepared from local industry and which has importance in the economic district it's consider important nutrition element instead of animal protein representive by meat. this fungus has importance of medical and therapeutic, the results showed existence of chemical substances concentrated in the fruiting bodies such as Galic acid and Statin and other substances. that have had an active role in reducing cholesterol in the blood as well as break the clot blood through the presence of certain types of enzymes that break down blood clotting, which may occur, the results showed when studying the mushrooms from the genetic diagnosis molecularly using the technique of the PCR to determine the type of isolation that gives the production of economically significant. Results showed the presence of gene hereditary called Osteareolysin who works with several aspects of the mushrooms which give the recipe contrast pathogenic fungi plant also this study included re - using some of the remnants of plant starch corn husks and Al - gluten and corn embryos. the remnants of Maysan sugar Factory of material Molasses and Molass Baggaz and the study of their role as carrying materials, central ferment and growth of the oyster mushroom during agricultural it on these remnants. The results of the chemical analysis of the remnants of the sugar indestrey in Maysan Molasses and Baggaz and waste plant starch in Al - hashemeyeh / Babylon Al - Baggaz and yellow corn straw showed that molasses substance was contain the amount of sugars which sometimes reach to 41%, that making it as a good base of food to mushroom. When added molasses at different levels 2, 4, 6% to the central media the study showed a positive relationship between the levels of molasses and the radial growth of the oyster mushroom. The concentrations 25, 50, 100% of the leaky innate showed ability Tdhadah high - fungal plant pathogen (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, Stymphllium sp., Penicillium sp.) Antigonsim when studying the negative ability of the fungus. The results showed a significant increasing in the growth standards and gaining characteristics of the oyster mushroom in the mass production of fruiting bodies called the gaining total according to the wet weight and it was higher production on corn husks and pomace dates 761.89, 735.13 g /kg of media and concentration of molasses 6%. when measuring efficiency of the fungus to product the largest amount of fruiting bodies observed that the middle pea - corn husks and pomace dates gave a larger amount of the remaining media and a concentration of 6% 76.18, 73.51%, have been affected by the weights of pods fungal change is another factor which affected by rates of molasses. The results were closely between nutrition media but nevertheless observed superiority of Corn husks and Pomace dates on the rest of media (15.04, 13.77)by using 6% concentration of molasses. when calculate the lengths of the necks of the body fruiting because of the great importance in a statement recipes - gaining produced and influenced by user medai - aligned and concentrations of molasses, as there were differences moral at all concentrations of molasses, when calculating the percentage of dry matter increased significantly increase the concentration of molasses and all concentrations compared with a comparison of strew wheat, which amounted to 12.16% when adding 2% molasses observed the emergence of highly significant differences between treatments and compared with control treatment, which gave treatment of Pomace dates highest rates, followed by corn husks and corn embryo and Al - gluten and Baggaz 8.21, 9.00, 9.28, 9.29%, respectively. For the purpose of obtaining material efficient in maintaining the objects fruiting intact throughout the storage period tested preservatives (such as Sorbic acid and black pepper) and concentrations 40.20g / l of articles in a row leads to prolong longevity reservoir simulation of the objects fruiting and maintain the quality characteristics of the objects fruiting. The results showed that the addition of material to the feeder molass medai AGRO of oyster mushroom had been increased the proportion of protein in the fruiting bodies, either with respect to calculate the proportion of carbohydrates had been found that the percentage of carbohydrates are associated with a high positive correlation relationship between the concentration of molasses and the different transactions that were used in the experiment. The oils were represented less than what can be had reached attribute to 0%. Well conducted safety checks the health of the mushroom oyster and the results were that the fungus free of toxins by anatomy organic to members liver, kidney and intestines and by the standards of blood physiological mice tested. And the importance of this project calculated the economic viability and profits and revenue obtained from such a project.

تاثير الثايموكوينون الخافض للسكر والمجدد الانسجة بنكرياس الجرذان المستحث فيها داء السكري باستخدام الستربتوزوتوسين Antihyperglycemic And Pancreatic Regenerative Effect of Thymoquinone In Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Male Rats

اسم المؤلف: وجدان ثامر مهدي التميمي
اسم المشرف: جبار عباس احمد الساعدي هاشم محمد عبد الكريم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: To evaluate the anti - hyperglycaemic potent of thymoquinone from Nigella sativa seed in streptozotocin - induced diabetic male rats, the present study has been carried out at the College of Education, Al - Qadisiya University during the period extended from April, 15, 2012 to December, 15, 2012. mRNA expression level of Reg3a, InsI, InsII, PDX1, Pax6, NeuroD1, and MafA genes have been evaluated in pancreatic tissues as well. Sixty five adult male rats (aged 56 days and weighted 138±8.8g) have been used in the present study. Diabetes has been inducted in 52 male rats by injection of single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/ kg, b.w., i.p.). Diabetes mellitus has been confirmed by blood glucose concentration (to be more than 200 mg/ dl). Intact and streptozotocin - induced diabetic male rats have been assigned to five equal groups (13 per each); Intact (C) and non treated diabetic (DM) rats have been injected with normal saline (100?l, sc) anddrenched with drinking water daily for 42 days. Thymoquinone treated diabetic rats (TQ50 and TQ100) have been injected with normal saline (100?l, sc) and drenched with thymoquinone suspention (50 and 100 mg/ kg, b.w., respectively) daily for 42 days. Insulin treated diabetic rats were injected with insulin (4 IU, sc) and drenched with drinking water daily for 42 days. Body weights were registered daily during the experiment. All overnight fasted animals were sacrificed after general anesthesia by combination of xylazine and ketamine (10 mg and 90 mg/kg, ip, respectively). Blood samples was collected from abdominal vein for determination of serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Samples from pancreatic tissues in all groups have been quickly removed, dipped in liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction and molecular study. Other pancreatic tissues were fixed in formalin forhistopathological and immunohistochemical study. The results demonstrated significant decrease in body weight gain of untreated diabetic (DM) and insulin treated diabetic (DMI) groups as compared with that of intact control (C) and thymoquinone treated diabetic (TQ50 and TQ100) groups, started from the fourth day of experiment, which showed insignificant differences when compared with each other. While the lowest body weight gain has been registered in DM group.Results of serum glucose concentrations referred to significant elevation in diabetic groups compared with intact control. In comparison between the diabetic groups, glucose concentration revealed significant decrease in thymoquinone and insulin treated rats (TQ50, TQ100, and DMI) compared with untreated diabetic rats (DMI). on the other hand, insulin treated males (DMI) and thymoquinone treated males (TQ50 and TQ100) recorded no significant difference in serum insulin concentration when compared witheach other but they were significantly lower than that of intact control male rats (C), but the average means of these four groups were significantly higher than that of non - treated diabetic male rats (DM).Quantification analysis results of gene expression, performed by real - time RT - PCR, revealed that treatment with thymoquinone caused significant increase of mRNA expression levels of Reg3a, InsI, InsII, PDX1, Pax6, NeuroD1 and MafA genes during the studied period. Histological findings of thymoquinone treated pancreases revealed normal cellularity of islets of Langerhans and normal exocrine tissue except few congestion in it, whereas those obtained from non treated diabetic rats showed complet impairment of some islands and highly destructed of others. Normal hepatic architecture with the appearance of radiating shape around the central vein, has been shown in the section obtained from thymoquinone treated diabetic rats except few congestion, obvious regeneration and mitotic division in the nuclei of hepatocytes. Sections obtained from non treated diabetic male rats showed sever congestion, large thrombi in the hepatic tissue, and loss of hepatic architecture with sever hemorrhage, degeneration in hepatocytes, and dilation of sinusoids. Section obtained from kidneys of thymoquinone treated diabetic rats reveales normal renal convoluted tubules with normal epithelium of the tubules and high cellularity of glomeruli. Whearas those obtained non treated diabetic rat revealed dilation of renal convoluted tubules with necrosis in the epithelium of the tubules and sever hemorrhage in the renal tissue. Immunohistochemical results revealed that male rats drenched with thymoquinone registered higher scores of positive cells and intensity of staining compared with other diabetic (DM and I) groups. Hisological sections obtained from pancreases of control male rats showed actively stained islets of Langerhan's by immunohistochemistry with actively stained populations of beta, alpha, and delta cells, whereas those obtained from pancreases of non treated diabetic male rats showed damage of most cell populations and negatively stained for the few remaining beta cells. on the other hand, section obtained from pancreases of diabetic male rats treated with thymoquinone showed actively stained islets of Langerhan's by immunohistochemistry with actively stained populations of beta, alpha, and delta cells. While those obtained from pancreases of diabetic male rats treated with insulin, in the same stages of experiment, showed negatively stained beta cells and other cells of islets of Langerhan's. Histopathological findingsrevealed moderate improvement of pancreatic changes shown in both exocrine and endocrine (Islands of Langerhan's) parts. It can be concluded that drenching of 50 or 100 mg/ kg, bw, of thymoquinone from Nigella sativa seed has potent hypoglycemic effect in experimentally - induced diabetic mature male rats. As well as its positive role in elevating the expression level of Reg3a, InsI, InsII, PDX1, Pax6, NeuroD1
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