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التباين المكاني لخصائص سكان سلطنة عمان حسب تعداد 1993 : دراسة في جغرافية السكان == The Place Difference Of The Population'S Characteristics Of Sultanate Of Oman According To Census Of 1993 Analysis - Population Study

Author name: حسين عليوي ناصر الزيادي

Supervisor name: باسم عبد العزيز عمر العثمان

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: It is clear that the population geography has got a remarkable position mong branches of human geography clue to the importance of population in perations of planning and development. There is an obvious shortage in the opulation studies concerning Sultmrnte of Onrnn because the first census in the ultanate took place in December 1993 and other one was in the end of 2003. ftcr the researcher had got the preliminary results of this census, he included it the subject of this study so as to make comparison and know the time velopment of this phenomenon so a time dimension had been added to this Udicd phenomenon.l : The study is divided into four chapters. The first chapter has discussed the puh1tion growth in the Sultanate since the beginning of the twentieth century t I 2003. This chapter is divided into five subjects. The second subject has s died the population growth of Omanis and non - Omanis. As for the third s bjcct, it has tackled the natural increase of population, birth rate and death r tc depending on modern statistics issued by the ministry of health and n 1tional economy in Sultanate of Oman. The fourth subject has studied the f. urc of population growth in the sultanate while the fifth subject has studied ti urban growth.The second chapter has studied immigration and its geographical traits. Jt 1s divided into three subjects. The first subject has tackled the coming 11 uigration, its sources and currents. As for the second subject has studied rnal immigration. The third subject has studied the traces of immigration. The third chapter , which is the biggest one, has studied the distribution a density of the population. lt is divided into three subjects. The first subject h studied the size and relative distribution of population on the level the S ltanate and nationality. The second subject has been allocated to study ncrs of the distribution and its kinds. Population concentrations in the S tanate have been studied in detail we have cnlrnnced thut by maps, diagrams an tables. The third subject of this chapter has showed the effecting factors inth population distribution.Due to the importance of population structure, this subject has been sh eel in the last chapter which was divided into six subjects such as agest cturc , sex - structure 111 economic - structure, religious - structure, educationalstr cture and marriage structure.The study has concluded many results , the most important of which is dis ·ibution of population in the Sultanate in addition to the disability and dif rcncc that prevailed the former population estimations of the year of census as ell as the increase of illiteracy in the Sultanate. · In addition to that the Omani worl•crs were in the marginal jobs while the inc ming workers increased in the productive jobs.

التباين المكاني للمرائب الرئيسية في محافظة ميسان == Diffrential Location Of The Main Garages In The Missan Governorate

Author name: ضحى لعيبي كاظم السدخان

Supervisor name: سعدي علي غالب

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study deals with the main garages in the Governorate ofMissan that ( represent the terminal of the movement of external, internal, and international means of transport. In the Governorate, this has made the private transport service adopt procedures about organization and submitting the services of transport in arranged. The means transport, operating at the garages, stand for a fundamental language for getting to and interconnecting with the city and it is outskirts in addition to the Govern orate and neighboring provinces. Also after the development and improvement of transport network;expansion of roads and interconnecting of chief garages are regarded a foundation of basic requirement for economic and social grpwth that will lead to the reduction of cost of transport. Later the reduction of cost commodities with link - up of entities of production with entities of consumption, taking the outlying regions out of isolation, ·facilitates the spread of cultural and sanitary services. It is not strange for center ·• of cities to be crowded and suffering from the traffic - game on account of the unexpected increase in the vehicles.The Governorate provided a large number of vehicles exceeding, it isl capacity and potential of regulation of streets and the area of the main garages! that cannot accommodate up to that increase in the number of vehicles operating!. the garages, this has results in difficulties and appearance of a lot of irregular situation witch have influenced the time - table of traffic in the main garageSJ owing to increase of demand of transport drivers.As a result of variety of location of the chief garages in the Govemorate, : the study only concerns the movement of transport of passengers and suffering of some garages from failure of planning in choosing this sites, so the stud)t relies on references and sources of a library in addition to the field study that ha$ contained some part of the subject in detail because of the carcity of source$ i concerning the topic of transport in Maisan.The research is composed of five chapters. The first one is about thit understanding of public transport; the second one focuses the natural principle$ and human factors affecting the motion of transport in the garages. The third one deal with the location of area, number of Jines, kinds of motion of transport anlll date of construction of garages, the fourth one studies the queuing theory. The fifth one is about public and private problems and problems of driver's vehicle taking conclusions and suggestions for solving such problems into consideration at the terminals (garages).

القيم الفعلية للامطار واثرها في التباين المكاني لزراعة محصولي القمح والشعير في العراق

Author name: باسمة علي جواد

Supervisor name: ماجد السيد ولي محمد العلي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تحليل بيئي للعوامل المؤثرة في نوعية الملوثات الجوية لمحافظة البصرة == Environmental Analysis Of Factors Influences The Quality Of Air Pollutants In Basrah Governorate

Author name: ايمان كريم عباس المياحي

Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: influence and determine the quality of air pollutants in Al - Basrah governorate. It deals in details with the most crucial human an natural pollutants air factors such as rain falling , dust , lead in domestic dust , the acid rain degree , the concentrations of some gases (Oxide and amoniaoxide Carbon, amoni - oxide Sulfuric , Hydrocarbons , Chlorine , di hydrogine sulfur and Amonia ) throughout the area using (Aspirating Pump OS 50) and some bottles fir measuring atmosphere gases in part per million (ppm).The study falls into four chapters. Chapter one deals with the ·theoretical and systematic of the thesis , chapter.utwo tackles the natural factors that influence , positively or negatively the problem of the study , Chapter three discusses the human factors that help in causing the problem And chapter four includes a locational analysis of the most important air pollutants throughout collecting and measuring them and reaching at their concentrations.The study arrives at the following conclusions : 1. The astronomic position determines the climatic characteristics of the study area for it falls in the dry region which is reflected on the other natural factors and their effects on the distributions and concentrations of these pollutants.The geographical position of the study area , which is adjacent to Thi - Qar governorate which has the highest repetition of dusty and sandy storms in Summar , has a negative effect in increasing these pollutants in this area. In addition , there are some oilycountries adjacent to the study area that have an important role in casting much of these pollutants.The flat surface helps in activating the role of the wind in spreading the air pollutants and never be concentrated in certain places. This decreased the problem of air pollution.The climate causes the aridity of the soil , and fewness of the natural that supports the raising of the striping operation and the oxidation of the elements and gases that cause air pollution.The sandy dry soil has a negative role because of the easiness of its denudation by the wind which causes air pollution in the western part.Even water helps in absorbing some of the air pollutants and finding agricultural distances and natural plants. However , this factor looses much of its vital role because of the human interference in its pollution by drying out most of the marshes.The scarcity of natural plants has a negative role in protecting the air from pollution. The population which is (2100326 person) fling rubbish to the environment without any remedy. This increases the problem of the study.9. The fewness of the agricultural areas influences in increasing the problem of the study , in addition to the use of the chemical and organic fertilizers , insecticide and others.10. The increasing number of vehicles from (51383) at 2003 to (104012) at the end of 2004 increas air pollution. 11. Most of the environmental pollutants was resulted from some essential industries.12. The wars plays a great and danger role in destructing the environment.13. The highest average of the falling dust in the western side in Qhur Al - Zubair was (71.9) g/m2 , and the lowest average in the eastern ,., ~ side in Abu Al - Khaseeb was (38.6) g/m2 14. The amount of (Co2) exceeded its natural concentration (0.03) ppm. The highest concentration was (0.08 - 0.3) ppm and the lowest was (O.Ol)ppm.15. The oxide Carbon (Co) exceeded its natural and permitted concentration. The highest polluted concentration of the gas was (80 - 100) ppm, and the lowest was (5) ppm.16. The concentration of the polluted sulfur Dioxide (So2) exceeded its natural and permitted concentration the highest polluted concentration was (20 - 30) ppm, and the lowest was (10) ppm.17. The hydrocarbons had polluted concentrations exceeded permitted ones , as the highest polluted concentration was (10 - 20) ppm, and the lowest was (5 - lO)ppm.18. The chlorine gas has polluted concentrations exceeded the permitted ones, as the highest concentration was (1.0 - 2.0)ppm , and lowest was (5.0 - 1.0)ppm.19. The Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) has polluted concentrations the highest was (3 - 5) ppm and the lowest was (2) ppm. 20. The Amonia (NH3) gas has polluted concentration , the highest was (10 - 15) ppm, and the lowest polluted ones was (5) ppm.21. The highest average of the obstacles concentrations that contain lead (pb) was (2112.84) mlg/m3 , in which the percentage of the lead was (0.515)ppm in the southern sandy side , and the lowest concentrations of these obstacles that had lead of about (1623.28)mlg/m3 and (0.258)ppm was in Sa'ad Sequare.22. The concentration of the lead in the demostic dust is (0.033) ppm in Al - Basrah and (0.030) ppm in Al - Hartha.23. The (PH) of the falling rain varied between (6.9 - 8.4) , the highest one was (8 - 4) in Al - Basrah , and the lowest was (6.9) in Al - Qurna.

تحليل جغرافي لظاهرة التصحر في محافظة بابل == A Geographical Analvsis Ot The Deserification Phenomenon In Babel Province

Author name: عمار عبد الرحيم حسين المندلاوي

Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == United Arab Emirates Study At The Political Geography

Author name: عبد العالي حبيب حسين

Supervisor name: سعود عبد العزيز عبد المحسن الشعبان الفضلي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

التمثيل الخرائطي لمظاهر استعمالات الارض لمدينة ابي الخصيب وتقييمها لعام 2014 باستخدام تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Cartographic Representation Of Land Use For Abu Al - Khaseeb City And Its Evaluation In - 2014 Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems Technology

Author name: جمعة مبارك عزيز الخفاجي

Supervisor name: طارق جمعة علي المولى

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: تناولت الدراسة ثلاثة محاور تمثل الاول في بناء قاعدة معلومات متكاملة عن منطقة الدراسة استنادا الى معطيات الاستشعار عن بعد اذ استخدمت بيانات للقمــر الاصطناعـــي الامريـــكي(Land Sat)، فضلا عن استخدام بيانات القمر(Quick Bird 2) ومرئية(NDVI) المستخلصة من | The Study examined the Three Axes the First represents the construction of an integrated database for the Study area based on the data of Remote Sensing as Study used data from the US artificial satellite (Land Sat), as well as the use of Satellite data (Quick Bird 2) and visible (NDVI) derived from the Digital Processing Operations as well as data Digital Classification of Both Types (Supervised Classification and Unsupervised Classification ) and visual, as the Study area in the southeastern part of the province of Basra which its area (47 570) km2 in the district of Abu Al - khaseeb Center by 5.2% of the total amount of the district space (908 ) km2 located between astronomical latitudes (30°, 24?.55?? O30°, 27?.50?) in the North and along the brackets (47°, 53?.48? O48°, 1?, 48?) to the East, the city's population is estimated to be (128 682) people. The Second Axes Representation of Cartographic for land use and then Evaluated within some spatial and Statistical tools available within the GIS Environment (GIS) after the election of a Number of criteria such as : standard size (using the query tool (Area Query), Standard efficiency distribution uses by Using the link Neighboring coefficient ( (Nearest Neighbor Analysis, Standard direction of the distribution of actual and ideal uses Using the Default Positioning Point (ideal) (Central Feature) and the actual Point of concentration ((Mean Central, Standard Easy Access to the Service Using the Service range (Buffer), the Standard Number of Population whom are serviced by using congruence (overlay ) and the Intersection between the Classes (intersect), concluded the Study through these tools to the digital maps showed several of those uses is obvious inability to meet the requirements of the Population within the local Standards, in particular the use of the Service. In the Third Axes, the Study concluded that the adaptation of Technicians available in the GIS can be used to create the optimal Sites for New Services. constructing convenience spatial model (Suitability Model) as the retina (Raster) to the Best Site.

تصميم نظام معلومات جغرافي لتقييم كفاءة محطات تصفية المياه في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Designing A Geographic Information System To Evaluate The Efficiency Of Water Treatment Plants In The City Of Basra : A (Study In Urban Geography)

Author name: غزوان اسحاق يعقوب

Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي | خديجة عبد الزهرة حسين

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: اعتمدت الدراسة الحالية تصميم نظام معلومات جغرافي لتقييم كفاءة محطات تصفية المياه في مدينة البصرة، وتاتي اهمية هذا الموضوع من خلال الطلب المتزايد على المياه لاسباب عدة اهمها الزيادة السكانية والتوسع المساحي للمدينة،ووجود مشكلة حقيقية تتعلق بقلة كمية المياه | The current study adopted the design a geographic information system to evaluate the efficiency of water treatment plants in the city of Basra, and the importance of this issue through the growing demand for water for several reasons, the most important population increase and expansion of the areal of the city, and the existence of a real problem concerning the lack of water quantity and poor quality, but the purpose of the adequacy of the amount of water evaluation produced in the filter plants, it had to be the spatial distribution of plants, and the statement of its production capacities, and the spatial distribution of the network of pure water distribution, and representation Jaraittiya adoption of GIS technology (Arc Gis) and software (Arc Map), then divide the study area into nine ranges of service, According to the plants fed by comparing the amount of daily consumption of the population and housing units with the amount of the actual energy that feeds its service ranges, it showed the study of two types of the first service ranges in which the deficit in the amount of produced water, and the second showed a surplus which, the quantitative assessment of the distribution network showed three types of the service ranges, the first amount of water which is sufficient and the power of compressed high - called pregnancy higher the applicable zone, and the second a few quantity of water and the strength of compressed high - called load applied to the Mediterranean region, and the third a few quantity of water and the strength of low pressure called the pregnancy low applied area. while the qualitative assessment of the efficiency of plants and distribution network in the light of the demonstrated biological analyzes, chemical, physical, and comparing the approved standards at the ministries of health and the environment, and showed a negative study, some analyzes in some stations and different points of the distribution network, and positive to each other, and the study showed expectations increase future in the numbers of the population and housing units, and increase consumption. The results of the study to the following : 1 - that the filter stations are not working their energy design and available, but working the actual her energy, which vary from one station to another, from one chapter to another, as a result of association with hours of operation, where total in the winter of 2014 separated about (672937.5 m 3 / day), while total in summer about 624843.75 m3 / day).) 2 - total service ranges from pure water consumption in 2014 amounted to about (778338.08 m 3 / day), and the study pointed to a decrease in the amount of production as much as in the winter about ( - 105400.58 m 3 / day), and in the summer about ( - 153 494.33 m3 / day).3 - study pointed to expectations of future increase in population and housing units, and an increase in the amount of consumption is expected to reach in 2020 about (924100.6 m 3 / day), and is expected to reach the lack of production is about ( - 251156.1 m3 / day), if I stayed stations the same current production capacities

التكرارات السطحية للمنظومات الضغطية الشمولية المؤثرة في مناخ شبه الجزيرة العربية == Surface Duplication Of Totalitarian Systems Barotrauma Affecting The Climate Of The Arabian Peninsula

Author name: علي محســـن طاهر الابراهيمي

Supervisor name: عزيز كوطي حسين الحسيناوي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة التكرارات السطحية للمنظومات الضغطية الشمولية المؤثرة في مناخ شبه الجزيرة العربية,مستندا على منهجية واضحة تتلائم وطبيعة الموضوع في تحليل خرائط الطقس اليومية لدورة مناخية صغرى امدها احد عشر عاما وهي التي تبداء من السنة(1998/1997)و | This research aims to study duplicates surface systems piezoelectricity totalitarian affecting the climate of the Arabian Peninsula, based on a clear methodology fit the nature of the subject in the analysis of weather maps daily cycle climatic junior standing a ten - year - old that starting from the year (1997/1998) and ending in the year (2007/2008), and relying on Alrsdtan (00) (012) universal time.Were calculated duplicates surface systems piezoelectricity affecting the climate of the Arabian Peninsula during the period above which appeared clear over the area of study at the level of barotrauma (1000) millibars, and the show was a difference Tkaradtha temporally from one month to another and from one year to another depending on the observations as well as the variation Tkaradtha between the two regions North the South and the various systems piezoelectricity affecting the climate of the region.It was found through research that there are several factors affecting the duplicates surface inclusiveness, including fixed as the location astronomer and geographer, and the varying manifestations terrain over the area and the neighboring areas of the region, including animation that affect the variation duplicates spatially and temporally to the study area such as temperature maximum and minimum relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. Has led site Arabian Peninsula, which is located within the south - western part of the continent of Asia, according to the latitude extended above to be an area of conflict for the extreme weather months, which are affected by several types of heights Kalmrtf air subtropical and highair Siberian and high atmospheric EU and the heights of the heat island, as well as vulnerability of several types of systems, low Kalmnkhvd Sudanese Air India and low seasonal depressions and NPF and depressions of the Arabian Peninsula and the Arabian Sea and low depressions merged. It was evident from the study that the highlands through the air affecting the climate of the Arabian Peninsula has recorded the highest rates in the northern region, while depressions recorded the highest in the southern region.

اثر التغير المناخي في تغيير حركة الاخاديد والانبعاجات الهوائية واثرها في مناخ العراق == The Impact Of Climate Change In The Change Of The Movement Of Grooves And Air Indentations Aerobic Affecting Iraqi Climate

Author name: منصور غضبان يزاع الجوراني

Supervisor name: عزيز كوطي حسين الحسيناوي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

الخدمات الصناعية لمدينة البصرة

Author name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي

Supervisor name: عبد الحسين جواد السريح

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي بنات الحسن == Geomorphology Of Wadi Banat Al - Hassan I Basin

Author name: زياد فريح مطر عباس الجليباوي

Supervisor name: مشعل محمود فياض الجميلي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Anbar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Anbar

First pages:

Abstract: Banat AL - Hasan basin is one of the dry valleys in the Iraqi west plateau. Its water flows into the Euphrates river during rainfalls.This valley passes through a region with homogeneous rocks and sandy and gypsum soils. The region is often affected by the linear formations that have remarkable effect on valleys. 90 linear phenomena have been characterized in this region. The region isalso famous for low slop; the highest slop found is of 2 degrees.The desert dry climate dominates the region with little plant cover.The quantitative analysis of the properties of the basin net depending on topographic maps of 25000 : 1 scale and the field study as well as the analysis of longitudinal and latitudinal sections of the valleys and the analysis of hypsometric curve have shown that basins in the study area take a form very close to the circular shape. They show, moreover, an increase in the indication of flood risks as a result of the speed at which water waves reach the main stream and because the waterways are short and because of the decrease of the ratio of surface and under evaporation as a result of the short distance of the flow. It has also, been shown that the valley passes through the early stage of maturation as the two processes of erosion and sedimentation are equal, and some of theland formations are still constructing. Banat AL - Hasan valley consists of five river ranks. Land formations in the study area have been built as a result of the effect of flowing water in rainy periods as the recent climate is unable to construct these formations, but only develop them at low rates.Land formations have clear effects on human activities; human settlement is restricted very close to the Euphrates river. The agricultural activity, on the other hand, is restricted inside valleys and at flood plains and at desert oases to the south of the studyarea. Pasturing spreads over all the area of the basin.

خصائص مناخ اليمن السياحي == Characteristics Of Yemen Tourist Cllmale

Author name: عبد الله حير سالم علي

Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: selecting the relevant extent of climate to the tourist movement of attractio in terms of time and place, and the extent of tourist movement correlation wi the climate in Yemen.The study consist of five chapter. Chapter one deals with the concttpt f tourist climate and the most important elements of it. It also deals with the e impotence of climate in Yemen , including sun radiation , temperature , humidity , and wind.Chapter two deals with the contexts of tourist climate. Compou d contexts have been discussed , including Effective Temperature context ( ET , wind cooling context ( KO ) , Humidity - Temperature context ( TH]), S context and Singer diagram. Also discussed in this ChapttJr e comprehensive vital climate classifications , including ( O!egiay classifiK;af n and Terging classification ).Chapter three deals with evaluating the tourist climate in Yemen , ( during night , during day time , and during leizure ) compound context (ET, THI, Singer, diagram). Chapter four deals with assessing the tourist climate in Yemen ( du night , during day time , and during leizure ) through applying the omprehensive vital climate classification , including ( Olegiay clasification Terging clasification ).Chapter five discusses the onalysis of climate effect on thel to rist IlllOVement in Yemen. It included the ingredients of tourist arena the develoment of tourist movement , and the climate effect on tourist movenne t in Yemen.Following are the most important results of the study : i l. Due to the astronomical location of Yemen , She enjoys large sun radiation ranging between 400 - 656 K I K I Cm2 I hr. Height factor influnces largely the monthly and yearly distribution of temperature averages.. Temperature conditions are alike m terms of height between the coastal 1 stations and eastern land. . Relative humidity rates are high in coastal stations , and relatively low at the1 mountainous area at the eastern land.1 - Annual rate of wind speed ranges between 1 - 3 m I sec. at the I mountainous area and eastern land , and between 3 - 5 m I sec. at the I coastal stations.5 Climate of Yemen is consistent with the astablishment of tourism ( tourist \ industry ) accordin to world scale.6 Yemen has various humand and natural tourist attractive ingredients.7 The size of tourist movemant in Yemen is not consistent with her verious ingrsdients of tourist attraction.8. he voume of intemation tourist flow of comers to Yemen according to '!months and regions is relatsd to climate. So , the months in which the number of tourists are high are the moderate and confortable months , while e months in which the number of tourists are low the one having narrower d less moderate scope at the station of the study.

تكرار المنخفضات الجوية واثرها في طقس العراق ومناخه == The Impact Of Depressions Frequency On Iraqi Weather And Climate

Author name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي

Supervisor name: عبد الاله رزوقي احمد كربل

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The research intends to study the sequence of depression passing through the country generally, with eiuphysis on the Mediterranean depressions, The analys~s of the surface weather maps to the frontal depressions reveal the impoctrthnce of the Sudanese and he Fused depressions due to the transformation of some of the thermal depressions in Sudan into frontal depression or, its Fusion with one of the Mediterranean depressions. All kinds of depression that pass through Iraq durin the season of the passage of frontal Mediterranean depressions starts from October till end of May are eua.miP,ed We call this period as season of passage of frontal depres ion.May is excluded from the study because the researcher is not able to acquire the information needed.To study the sequence of cyclone "depression" and its climatic effects, choose eleven seasons "small clim$.ti cycle" starting from season of 1978/1979 and ending with season 1988/1989. Make this choice due to the availabilit of data and maps in Iraq and the adjoining Arab countri~s ( Saudi Arabia and Kuwait).To analyse this topic, the researcher depends on surface and upper climatic maps. Also he depends on hourly, daily and climatic data and on monthly climatic' reports. In addition, depends on Library references, t~ugA they are few. The researcher uses statistical pr•cedures to analyse the data and to find the power of relation among the variables, especially the correlation <X>effioient and standard degree.'!he me.in e.im of this research is the study of the frequency of the depression that passes through Iraq in the cold period which concentrates on the mid latitude frontal depressions and its impact on the weather and the climate of the country.In the First Chapter the characteristics of the depression and their relation with air masses.In the same time the chapter discusses the relation between the depression and the movement of the air at the upper layers of the atmosphere, then the study focuses on the origin of the depressions that influence the weathef' and climate of Iraq.In the Second Cwpter we find the.t the mid latitude : frontal depression oomposes the majority of the depressior that pass through Iraq, then the fused depressions and. finally the Sudanese one.~he researcher analysis all weather phenomeXJB. and their relation with depressions, especially the fronts. So we found that there were little differentations fromone station to another or from one depression to another. This work will be done in the third chapter of the thesi~.In the Fourth Chapter the researcher makes certain : elations between the depressions and climatic features in Iraq such as (temperature, wind and precipitation ) ~ rhe researcher thi : okS that there are some close relations among them.We can sunJlllS.rize the results attached by the researcher as follows : l. The weather is unstable through the cold period of the year as a result of the passing of many different masses and depressions.2. Through the cold period, the country is influenced by uany mid latitude frontal depressions (Fused and Mediterranean), Sudan, thermal and monsoon depressiorls of India and Arab peninsula.3. The frequency of M.L.F.D. is increased to the north of La.t. : ;o0 N while the Fused depressions are covering a.11 area of Iraq. At the same time Sudan depressioll#il are restricted as a whole ill the southern part of tije country.4• The determination of movement direction and speed of frontal depressions are influenced by roa : oy factors which control them.5. The weather was unstable through the cold period as a result of passing many leinds of depressions througl : l one or more days. Especially ~hen a Fused depress~on errossing the country. The responsibility on the occurrance of cold waves belongsto M.L.F.D., while hot waves belongs to Sudan depression. The passing of depressions makes short variations in the speed and direction of the wind. 7. The occurranceof dust and dust storms belong to the frequency of Kha.main frontal depressions l!'used and Sudan depressions. While Fog accompanies most of the 14.L.F.D.8. Most of the precipitation on the country is a result of the frequency of M.L.F.D. The precipitation is due to the cold front in the northe= part of Iraq and the warm front in the southern part and both of them in the middle.9. There are many factors that impact the temperature such s, Lattitude degree, altitude, and distance from seas.10. As a result of the increase in the frequency of the Fused and M.L.F.D. in the north and the Sudan depression in the south the temperature is decrease , 11. The increase in the frequency of thermal and Khamsin depressions caused an increase in the temperature throu12. In the seasons that many Sudan thermal and Khamsin depressions occur, dust and dust storms occur too. The frequency of rainydays related to the frequency of M.L.F.D. The later responded to the increase in precipitations in the north.14. Most thunderstorms in Iraq are a direct or indirect result of frequency of M.L.F.D

تلوث مياه نهر الفرات في محافظة ذي قار : دراسة جغرافية بيئية

Author name: احمد ميس سدخان

Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: SM;thesis titled (Water Pollution in Euphrates, Thi Qar Go~morate Environmental Geography Study) includes an experiment to Euphrates water in Thi Qar Govemorate of pollution after making a n•riofchemical and physical tests, water was tested for the period from 2006 - 2007 throughout relating the polluted concentrations for the river with rates of water discharge which differ according to the diff~nt of seasons. "five sites were specified within the study area are different. spatiaJ,ly, and picking up samples during the four seasons which include the water of Euphrates and others of its bottom sediments. Then the results wer~ shown and evaluating the river's water regarding these results throughout using the water for different human purposes include drinkingp~ti*elS·,1'.ndustrial and agricultural usages (Irrigation). !he content of the study has four chapters and introduction. First , chapter discusses hydrological study for Euphrates water from its high sources in Turkey passing in Syria and Iraq till the area of the study expJaining the main problems leads to change quantity features and quality of its water. Second chapter deals with the natural factors in area of the stuqy, which has an effect on changing characteristics of river's water.. Thitd c~pter discusses the human factors which lead to pollution of Euphrates' water within Thi Qar Govemorate represented by dirt of civil sewage, industrial, drainage water and fertilize' rs used in agricultural field.Fourth chapter has a number of chemical and physical characteristics for water and sediment of Euphrates that that results shows an increase in co¢entration proportion for each of (Tran, Si02, Mg, P04, CL, Tur, TH, Ee), which exceed environmental limits for their concentration accol.'ding to Iraq Standard of Water Environment. The concentration proportion of (N03, Do, TDs, HC03, Ca, S04, PH) are within the environmental limits for their concentration.The results of bottom sediments of Euphrates for (TOC, EC) exceed environmental limits for their concentration, but the value of PH is within these limits but. it is distinguished of alkalinity. So, Euphrates water was polluted and it is not good for human usages (drinking), as well as it is not suitable as water used for industrialization, except cooling purposes, also is not proper to use this water in irrigation because it is classified within C3 Type of irrigation water types in the American Laboratory and it is of highsalinity and it doesn't use in the case of existing active drainage networks, high penetration soils and agricultural crops have the ability to resist the salinity.

ظاهرة الصقيع واثرها في انتاج بعض المحاصيل الشتوية في العراق == Frost Phenomenjt And Its Effect On Some Winter Corpsproduction In Iraq

Author name: مروة جاسم محمد السلماني

Supervisor name: بدر جدوع احمد المعموري

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: This study addressed "The Impact of Frost on the Productivity of Some Winter Yields in Iraq". It aims at identifying the spatial and time variance of frost states, the synoptic conditions, atmospheric characteristics which lead to the occurrence of frost and themanifestation of the impact of frost waves on the physiology, shape and variance of agricultural crop productivity in Iraq for the period 1980 - 2010. it also aims at identifying the protection styles from frost and means of annihilation.To achieve these goals, various data were used some of them concern the atmospheric data of 11 climatic station distributed allover Iraq the northern, eastern, western, middle and southern, some concern the daily weather maps, and some others concern theagrarian data on the frost disadvantages on the agricultural harvests and the area and production of agricultural crops since 1980 - 2010. A number of statistical methods and styles were applied on these data like : The most prominent results at which the study arrived were that the frost types prevailing in Iraq was the radiation frost, most frost states were accompanied by the presence of Siberian anticyclone, the northern and mountain stations (Salahuddin, Sulaimaniya, Mosul) specially were considered the most areas in Iraq witnessing frequent frost waves then followed Aana station in western Iraq, the frequent frost waves on Iraq had a clear negative impact on the agrarian crops in Iraq especially the frost wave of 2008 where the rate of damages were high on various yields, the productivity of agrarian yields were variant in terms of the frequency rage of frost occurrence, its time distribution and the intensity of temperature decrease; therefore, the frost had an evident impact on the most important life areas like agriculture and caused great financial losses which affected different social and economic life fields.Thus, understanding the frost phenomenon and its results enabled us from lowering those losses which affected the national economy.

المولدات الكهربائية في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في الجغرافية الصناعية == Electricity Generators In Basrah Province (A Study In The Geography Of Power)

Author name: شروق طالب عبد الوهاب

Supervisor name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Power is the back bone for modern civilization. Moreover, it is the vital element for agriculture, industry and prosperity. Iraqi citizens have suffered a lot because of fluctuation of power which is supplied. This has pushed people to look for different alternatives. One of these is using power generators which are considered now as inseparable part of modern life in Iraq in general and in Basrah in particular. Still, this solution is regarded by many people as insufficient and negative solution which is imposed by the security conditions that the country has experienced. The solution actually has some advantages in providing power to fill the gaps of the programmed cuts but the use of these generators has also some disadvantages. It is supposed that after the embargo and the political change, things would change and this phenomenon would shrink and decline with time and the improvement of the network. What happens in reality is that the deterioration is still going on the main power supply. Actually, there is a shortage of research concerning this topic and we are not exaggerating in saying that this is the first and only study on this topic at the level of departments of Geography at the Iraqi universities. The study aim at revealing the real situation of using power generators in Basrah Province. The study consists of six chapters : Chapter One introduces the importance of electricity power, its use and how it is imported to the country and to Iraq. In addition, it defined what is meant by generators and where they are used in Arab countries.Chapter Two deals with the economic and geographic factors that lead to the use of these generators i.e., temperature, wind, rain, fuel, land, water, population, marketing, income, capital, transportation, governmental policy and power supply system.Chapter Three covers the classification of these generators according to property and popwer in relation to sectors in addition to the geographic distribution of these generators. Among the districts of the province.Chapter Four tackles power production from stations in Basrah. It also tackles the production of power by the generators and the geographic distribution in relation to the different districts of the province.Chapter Five covers the consumption of the power of the generators and the geographic distribution in addition to the properties of this consumption.Chapter Six deals with the problems of these generators

التحليل المكاني لمولدات الطاقة الكهربائية في مدينة الصدر

Author name: هديل عبد الامير رحيم علي الحميداوي

Supervisor name: انتصار حسون رضا السلامي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

التحليل المكاني لفقر الاطفال في قضاء الرصافة لعام 2016 == Spatial Analysis Of Children Poverty In Rusafa District In 2016

Author name: علي صالح نصيف جاسم

Supervisor name: علي عبد الامير ساجت الكعبي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تناول هذا البحث التحليل المكاني لظاهرة فقر الاطفال في قضاء الرصافة لعام 2016 على مستوى الاحياء السكنية والمتضمن ((31 حيا تم دمجها الى عشرة مناطق محاولا الاجابة عن مشكلة الدراسة التي تضمنت معرفة التباين لدليل فقر الاطفال من الناحية الجغرافية وصفا وتحليلا | The study is a spatial analysis of the phenomenon of children poverty in Rusafa District for the year 2016 on the level of residential neighborhoods, which are 31. These neighborhoods were divided into ten zones. The study tries to tackle the problem of the study which is to find out discrepancy in the indicator of children poverty geographically through description and analysis by the use of nine fields according to each field indicators. The study tries to find out the privation within the fields of children poverty and the spatial discrimination on the level of zones, in accordance with spatial variety of the indicators of each one, which amount to 47 indicators. The field study was adopted of which privation percentage of each of the nine fields was deduced and their final outcome was the indicator of children poverty. The study concluded that the percentage of children poverty in Rusafa district demonstrated variety in the values from zone to another and from field to another. The first and third zones, which include the neighborhoods of (Ma'moon, Khansaa, Akkad, Za'faraniya, Sinbad, Diyala, 6 Kanoon) demonstrated the heaviest poverty in most fields, whereas the eighth and sixth zones, which conclude the neighborhoods of (Muthanna, Mu'tasim, 14 Tammoz, Idreesi, Nile, Mustansiriya) the lowest rates of poverty. Privation shows various rates according to fields. Percentage of health privation was (400.3) of each thousand, nutrition was (233.1), education privation was (284.2), housing privation was (349.3), privation of pure water and sewage were (262.6, 274.8) , whereas privation of early childhood development, children protection and information were (420.3, 308.9, and 390. 5) respectfully. The value of the indicator of children poverty for the study area varied according to each category and to each place. The first zone demonstrated the highest value of children poverty indicator, whereas the eighth zone demonstrated the lowest value of children poverty. The study made use of many statistic methods, such as Pearson's Product Moment Correlation among the indicators of each field according to categories. Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient was also used to find out correlation among fields, (economic, social and demographic) variables, and Geographical cluster analysis according to clusters in which fields of privation are close to each other.The field study showed a correlation among fields of children poverty with various satiation factors, which reflects the total correlation children poverty. The variable of (monthly income and education of the parents) demonstrated a strong correlation among most fields that showed the extent of correlation between the characteristics of the family and children poverty. The first, second and third zones demonstrated the strongest factor of nearness, as a result of high values of privation for the fields indicators of children poverty with the general indicator. The indicator of children poverty and its value correlates with the values of fields with multi - dimensions which relate, in turn, with the indicators of these fields and their values. Therefore, the interpretation of the discrepancy of these indicators plays a vital role in the geographic dimension of its fields and its indicator of children poverty.

خصائص الترب لمشروع قصب السكر واثرها في الانتاجية في محافظة ميسان == Soil Characteristics Of The Sugar Cane Project And Its Impact On Productivity In Maysan Province

Author name: حيدر اسعد عبد الامير

Supervisor name: سعدية عاكول منخي الصالحي | حسين لعيبي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: مشروع مزرعة قصب السكر في محافظة ميسان من المشاريع الاستراتيجية التي انشئت في سبعينات القرن الماضي, بعد نجاح زراعة قصب السكر واستنباط اصناف ملائمة للزراعة في المناطق شبه المدارية بين خطي عرض 300 جنوبا الى 340 شمالا عن خط الاستواء. تقع مزرعة قصب السكر (منط | Sugar cane plantation in the province of Maysan, a project of strategic projects established in the seventies of the last century, after the success of the cultivation of sugar cane and devise appropriate varieties for cultivation in subtropical areas between latitudes 300 south to 340 north from the equator. Sugar cane plantation is located (the study area) between latitudes 310.40 - 300.30 to the north, and the brackets of the length 470.10 - 470.06 east, mediates Hungary Great River (a tributary of the Tigris River) farm, which is the source of President perfusion of the farm. Soil sedimentary farm sugar cane, as a result of DepositionsTigris River and its branches, so they made up mainly of alluvial mud and silt, sand and clay. And have a minor decline of no more than 0.002 from the northeast to the west where the altitude ranges ground (7 - 2 M) above sea level.The climatic factors of solar radiation and temperatures suitable generally for the cultivation of sugar cane crop, especially after the adoption of the autumn farming system (start cultivating the mind in mid - August until mid - October month - a period Germination - with and there is a dormant period after the tailoring stage for a period of four months to inadequate climatic conditions extends until June to begin later growth stage Great - Vegetative growth - ). The rainfall system is not suitable for the cultivation of sugar cane, but on the contrary have to rain a negative effect, through the water increase in plant sugar cane for the required limit, as well as the rainfall in the winter has a negative effect, as the process of harvest delay and increased impurities ratio sugar juice and sugar extracted later.The jungles of the problems of the sugar cane crop, and is the deterioration of the quality and the winning amount for the sugar cane crop, as well as being host to many insects and plant pathogens and cause extra costs of labor, machinery, equipment and pesticides. And it is the growth of the bushes thickly in the early growth, which allows them to excel in growth on the main crop (sugar cane).Texture of soil to farm sugarcane as samples are Specimens alluvial mud, mud - placer as well as having Specimens sand at the rear of the second series of Saada. Accordingly, the physical properties of soils farm sugar cane does not represent any hindrance or a determining factor for the production of sugar cane crop with a good management of the soil and to suit the crop. It represents a cation exchange capacity (sodium absorption ratio) the soil's ability to deliver food material to the plant. And the ability of the soil depends on the ratio of colloids (size beloved diameter less than 2 microns) In other words, based on the proportion of Mvsolat mud and silt in the soil, because they are just that diameters of grains crystallized (2microns or less). And the value is 24 mg /100g minimum capacity of cationic exchange. Analyses of samples taken for chains of sugar cane plantation soils have shown that the value of cation exchange capacity 43 mg /100g, as a result of the high percentage of clay, and it does not represent the cation exchange capacity is no obstacle in the cultivation of sugar cane crop. Soil farm sugarcane neutral in terms of the degree of interaction, but it is to be poor in terms of food material in the soil, especially the elements phosphorus and nitrogen and potassium, so these elements being added through manure during certain periods and quantities needed by the plant.Degree drainage soils for sugarcane project varied between good, medium and bad, which is taken into account in the perfusion operations or when a land reclamation operations and reduce the salinity in the soil. The percentage of salinity and salinity in soils and accumulation of specific sugar cane crop factors. Salts has spread to large areas of farm soils sugar cane as a result of neglect and even in those lands that are Terpha with good drainage.This call to the speed of Reclamation irrigation canals and drainage and disposal of underground water near the surface of the earth, and that contributed to the increase of salinity in the soil. And creating irrigation systems and effective puncture in order to make the sugar cane project leader in Iraq with economic returns, which contributes to assign the economy of Iraq project, especially since the project is linked with other projects such as sugar cane factory - farm or constructed to take advantage of the remains of sugar cane after its age and extract sugar, such as near a farm sugar cane paper factory.The revival of the sugar cane project will encourage the relevant government departments, work to find similar projects both in Maysan or in other provinces and then there will be a new look at Iraq's economy is based on the establishment of commercial and strategic agricultural projects that will create industries are its Article preliminary cultivated crops or residues. Or projects that are based on the cultivation of cash crops, according to modern methods of agriculture. And then create a multi - polar economy countries and reduce dependence on oil and its derivatives as an economy of the country unilaterally.

مناطق العوز البيئي والصحي في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية البيئة والصحة == Environmental And Health Destitution Areas In Basrah City : Study In Environmental And Health Geography

Author name: معد داود جاسم الربيعي

Supervisor name: امال صالح عبود الكعبي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: تناول الدراسة تحديد مناطق العوز البيئي والصحي ومستوياته في مدينة البصرة وذلك من خلال قراءة مكانية لبعض المعطيات المرتبطة بالبيئة الحضرية وقياس كفاءة خدمات مراكز الرعاية الصحية لاولية. بالاضافة الى انتشار الامراض الانتقالية في المدينة. حيث تناولت الدراسة ا | This research deals with determination of the environmental and health destitution areas in Basrah city and their levels. This is through spatial investigations for some data related with the urban environment first. Also Measuring the efficiency of primary health care centers second.In addition to spread of communicable diseases in the city. On the basis of the above mentioned factors, the study was built from four chapters. The first , clarify the historical development of primary health care centersand municipal Services such as Cleaning , quality of liquefaction water and sewage services.The second chapter discussed some environmental problems which are facing the city population like a household waste, contamination of drinking water and the collapse of the sewerage network. Oslo it deals with the environmental variables such as population crowding, housing space, the type of construction material, home garden. As for the third chapter included the analysis of the health setting in the city through the measurement of the efficiency of health centers based on local health standards.With respect to the fourth chapter , it classified the environmental and health destitution areas into several levels. In addition to the most important social and economic characteristics that could contribute to the growing phenomenon of environmental and health destitution in the city. The study came up with a number of results represented as follows : - Most (98.5%) of Basrah city population is within the scope of the environmental destitution. However, there are spatial variation in environmental destitution among the areas of the city, which was the result of a difference to the shortfall in the efficiency of the environmental indicators prevailing in each area of the city. - All areas of the city are within the health destitution, according to the health status indicators mentioned earlier. In the light of the criteria under which were identified the areas of health destitution areas in the city. But there is a spatial disparity in the health destitution levels , which was the result of a difference for the shortfall in the efficiency of health indicators, which is practiced in every neighborhood of the city of the Basrah city. - A set of economic and social factors have contributed to the growing phenomenon of environmental and health destitution in the city such as education, soccupation and monthly income rates

التحليــل الجغـرافـي لمعامل تعبئة الغاز ومحطات الوقود في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == Geographical Analysis Of Gas Filling Plants And Fuel Stations In Basra Province (Study At Industrial Geography)

Author name: اسحاق نمر عبد الحسين

Supervisor name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The marketing of liquid gas has a great importance at present time as a result of its roles in different aspects of life. The daily need of fuel had led to the increased demand of petroleum products for their various uses in industrial, commercial, and domestic fields. Such products represent the most significant factors reflecting economic and social conditions in any society, in addition to the degree of its improvement and development. From that angle comes the importance of this research which aims at detecting the reality of the spatial distribution of filling plants and fuel stations being the most familiar marketing facilities of petroleum industry in Basra Province. The research also aims at exploring the factors affecting the distribution of such facilities and the environmental impacts on surrounding atmospheres. The study results showed that the distribution of the mentioned marketing facilities is adequate with population density at administrative units. Also, there appears to be a group of factors affecting their distribution; among them are natural factors like climate conditions among others, while other factors are epidermal like population, transportation routes, and governmental interference.The current study is made of four chapters. The first of which deals with the historical development of gas filling plants and fuel stations, which reflects its continuous increase to suit population growth since the middle of 1900s till our current time in a proportional manner and to cover local daily need of such products necessary to life. The second chapter in concerned with the functional performance of plants and stations within the geographical area of Basra on accordance with natural and epidermal factors contributing to their establishment and improvement, provided that the current study is the first to examine this crucial facilities in Basra. The third chapter concerns the classification of such facilities according to different bases like ownership, required manpower, and their capacities. In addition to that, it sheds the light on their spatial distribution by using normative degrees as an accurate statistical method showing their disparity in administrative units related to Basra with reference to population count and economic activity. Also, the correlation coefficient refers to differences of factors affecting such distribution, like population size, the distance from supplying sources, transportation routes, etc. Then comes the fourth chapter which is dedicated to detect monthly and annual supply sources and rates of factories represented by South Oil Company which in turn represents about 60 - 70 % of the liquid gas quantities supplied in the Province, while the rate of the second supplying source represented in Basra Refinery is about 30 - 40 % only, because the gas produced therewith is a subsequent of refining operations. As for the process of supplying stations with fuel, it is made clear that all stations working in Basra receive daily supply according to weekly - organized plans to determine quantities of each station and supplying port with reference to importance and geographical location. The Study shows the presence of several problems affecting the work mechanism of these important marketing facilities. Among them are problems with factories and stations, like vaporization and the lack of power supply, as well as other problems of facilities resulting from pollution and other reasons. The most important results of the study show that all filling plants and fuel stations acting in Basra are controlled by a weekly supply plans organized by Gas Filling Company and Oil Products Distribution Company on accordance with the importance and geographical location of each plants and stations. In addition, the study shows the spatial misdistribution of filling plants and fuel stations, as some plants and stations are seen to have density in certain administrative unit while others are not. As example, the centers of Al - Zubair and Abu Al - Khaseeb territories are characterized with the density of gas filling plants and fuel stations; as three plants for each and on the rate of 21,42 %, in addition to 11 and 12 fuel stations on the rate of 31,25 % and 14,45 % for each respectively. On the other hand, the center of Midaina territory and nearby areas (Ezz Al - Din and Al - Sadeq) are empty of filling plants despite the high population density. This matter requires the rely upon the filling plant in Qurnah territory, which is the main source of covering local consuming need of the two territories.

الاستهلاك الاسبوعي من المواد الغذائية للاسرة في مدينة البصرة واثاره الصحية : دراسة في الجغرافية الصحية == Weekly Consumption Of Food Stuff And Its Healthy Effects On The Family In Basrah City : A Study In Healthy Geography

Author name: صباح صكبان سعدون

Supervisor name: داود جاسم الربيعي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The study aims at shedding the light, from geographic analytical viewpoint, on the weekly consumption of foodstuffs of family and its relevant impacts in Basrah. That's because the relation between food and health is among the crucial matters that became the concern of many researchers from various scientific and humanitarian disciplines. The said matter even exceeds that stage to reach the international concern level, as food security is a highly sensitive issue determining the existence of people and countries. Thus, it can be seen how nutrition forms a major basis to the health of society individuals and to maintain their lives and safety. Decrease or decrease of necessary nutrition makes people subject to diseases. The proper nutrition is the most important factor to achieve health and safety at all age groups, from childhood to old age stages. The problem of the study lies within the divergence of quality and quantity of foodstuffs weekly consumed by family in Basrah.The compliance with nutrition requirements of family members has the most priority of fundamentals taken into consideration at planning for the preparation of food and meals. Therefore, those in charge of the selection and preparation of food should have a concept of nutrition requirements of family members in accordance with age groups being planned for. That requires food options selected to be properly built on accurate scientific bases and fundamental.The current study accredits certain geographic approaches, starting from the field approach standing upon detecting a phenomenon and furtherly exploring it by means of personal interview with families, filling a questionnaire form prepared in advance; then applying the descriptive approach to give a comprehensive accurate description of that phenomenon by form of numbers. After that comes the analytical approach according to the study sample representing 2% of families at each district included within the study area. The study covers 770 families (6043 members). They answered the questionnaire questions concerning weekly consumption of foodstuffs with reference to accredited qualities and quantities, their impacts on weekly consumption, as well as the relation to some diseases caused by weekly foodstuffs consumption.The study consists of four chapters; the first of which deals with the theoretical and conception frame. This first chapter includes two sections; the first of which is the theoretical frame while the second is the study conceptions. The second chapter deals with some demographic, economic, social, and residential characteristics of family. Then comes the third chapter covering food consumption and weekly meals consumed by family. The fourth chapter concerns with health impacts caused by food consumption. Later, the study ends at certain suggestions and recommendations.reached by the course of study are : conclusionsAmong the most important1 - The existence of divergence on the level of residential districts of Basra in terms of weekly consumption of foodstuffs, as it is shown how there is clear divergence in quality and quantity, leading to some pathological cases caused by such family consumption.2 - The economic factor is among the most influential factors to family foodstuff consumption according to residential districts, as firm connection ties disclosed.3 - Social and residential factors have direct and indirect impacts to family foodstuff consumption, like educational level, family size, income, and habitation type.4 - The decreased nutrition knowledge of many families located within the study area.5 - The existence of spatial divergences at malnutrition diseases cases in connection to family foodstuff consumption at the study area.The study recommends the following : 1 - The conduct of a scientific study at various levels and abilities with a governmental support to explore nutrition status of Iraqi population, for the disclosure of nutrition needs of population, and examining the diseases caused by foodstuffs consumption, as well as the way to treat such diseases.2 - Accreditation of nutritional and health cultural knowledge at study curricula for all age groups, starting by early children education, primary schools, and reaching to Iraqi universities, to educate people on the importance of nutrition information and their connection to human health.3 - Reinforcing governmental efforts to take care with sensitive social groups (children, teenagers, pregnant women, breast - feeding women, and old agers) for their intense vulnerability to family nutrition status, by means of providing necessary health care.4 - The necessity of holding training courses to educate housewives about nutrition importance, as administered by governmental foundations and civil society organizations interested in the field of woman. Such courses may be held according to different age groups to educate women the proper ways in healthy cooking and the choice of notorious and useful food rich by notorious elements.5 - Graduation of cadres specialized in the field of nutrition through the opening of institutes and colleges to study the healthy nutrition.

تحليل جغرافي لظاهرة التصحر في قضاء علي الغربي - محافظة ميسان == Geographical Analysis Of Desertification In Ali Al Gharbi District - Maysan Governorate

Author name: نقاء سلمان جاسم الربيعي

Supervisor name: عبد الله سالم عبد الله المالكي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: اختصت هذه الدراسة بظاهرة التصحر في قضاء علي الغربي الذي يشغل القسم الشمالي والشمالي الغربي من محافظة ميسان بمساحة تبلغ 3596,85كم2 وتشكل نسبة 22,4% من اجمالي مساحة المحافظة البالغة(16072كم2). وقد اسهمت مجموعة من العوامل الجغرافية الطبيعية والبشرية في نشوء | This study has dealt with desertification in Ali al - Gharbis district which Occupies the northern and western north parts of Maysan Governorate, It stretches over an area around 3596.85 km2. It also amounts to about 22.4% of the total of the governorate.A group of natural geographical and human factors have contributed to The rise and increase of desertification in the district, they are represented of dry & hot Climate , Chemical and physical features of the soil , and the quality of surface and subterranean water along with the low of natural plant.In addition there is a misuse of natural resources which include soil , water and wild plants. All these factors have resulted in the rise of high Salinity , wind erosion , sand dunes and dust in the atmosphere , which are geographically distributed in the district.The key feature in the study area is shown in the salinity of the soil and the spread of sand dunes. These features however have exercised their impacts ecologically and economically. The most prominent of these are the contraction of cultivation on arable lands and the decline in productivity of the soil.Moreover superiority is given to the salinity - enduring plants and the rise in production and reclamation of lands can also be traced. The study also shown the danger incurred by desertification in the district, the areas that are exposed to sever and very sever desertification are2903 km2 which represent 80.7% of the total area. Efforts are there for needed to help curtail the negative impacts of desertification. The best possible ways to lessen the negative influences of desertification include land reclamation and the adoption of reassemblemethods in agriculture and the development of natural pastures and the fortification of sand dunes through temporary and durable methods

التركيب التعليمي لسكان قضاء المدينة == The Educational Structure Of The Population Of The Medina

Author name: محمد سجاد عبد محسن

Supervisor name: صادق جعفر ابراهيم

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: لاشك ان التعليم بجوانبه المتعددة يعد من اهم ركائز التنمية البشرية وابرز مؤشراتها، وهو حجر الاساس لرقي وتقدم الشعوب، فضلا عن كونه الركن الاهم القادر على خلق وبناء العناصر البشرية المؤهلة لاستغلال الموارد الطبيعية التي لا تكفل تحقيق التنمية بمعزل عن وجود ال | There is no doubt that education with its multiple aspects is one of the most important human development pillars and the leading indicators, which is the foundation stone for the advancement and progress of peoples, as well as being the most important corner of the capability of creating and building qualified human resources for the exploitation of natural resources which do not ensure development in isolation from the presence of capable and qualified human element to exploit those resources optimally. The research aims to identify an important characteristic. The most important characteristics of the population is the educational status which is one of the main indicators of the extent of the community's awareness and intellectual maturity, and the extent of his awareness of the importance of education, the study addressed the gender and age combination and environmental distribution of the population and then spatial variation of illiteracy and subsidence and infiltration as well as the reality of Education with judiciary, and the subject of the enrollment to Education and then Relative distribution of the population at various stages of education, starting from the case of illiteracy and ending with the postgraduate studies at the level of the judiciary as a whole and at the level of provincial units. The study also linked the status of education with demographic indicators, other economic indicators such as fertility , occupation and the relationship with each other and then this relation was tested by a factor of Spearman correlation. The last chapter of the study came to the most influential variables in the educational structure of the population of the city and the search for contrast factors among the administrative units of judiciary and the spatial relations that explain this discrepancy and explains these changes and studying the temporal difference in the educational structure and the knowledge of the change in the educational structure of the population that happened between the years (1997 and 2014) of the studying area, especially after the wars and the economic blockade. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach supported by statistical tactics to detect the spatial variation of the phenomenon being studied, as well as searching for the variables that help the researcher in the interpretation of spatial variation of the educational installation and geographic factors affecting the contrasts in the phenomenon studied. With regard to the sources of the study, it has been relied on the data released by the Ministry of Planning, represented with sources, official pamphlets as well as letters and published research and scientific journals and theses. The study used statistical bag of Social Sciences (SPSS) to show the simple Order Spearman correlation coefficient and also used standard class and the study consisted of five chapters as well as the introduction and conclusion.The study found many conclusions including finding a positive development in educational services (1997 / 1998 - 2013 / 2014) both in terms of increasing the number of schools or preparing the pupils and students and the increasing in students enrolled in the academic for the year (2013/2014) in the primary stage and the secondary due to multiple social and economic factors, as well as the increasing of the number of female of primary and secondary stage during the period (1997 / 1998 - 2013 / 2014) and the happening of a large leak in the primary and secondary school start from (2009 - 2010) until (2013/2014) with a gradual decline to the last year. As for Illiteracy, it has concentrated in the group age of (15 - 44) as the percentage reached (45.5%) in 1997 and fell to (41.2% ) and reduction of the illiteracy rate of the population of the judiciary (12 years and above)from (32%) to (26.9%) for the period (1997 - 2014), also the illiteracy rates is higher for females than males for the same period with the direction to decrease for both types. The illiteracy rate drops in rural areas compared to urban areas for all administrative units because of inadequate services in rural areas as the study reached a high illiteracy rate in part of Imam Sadiq and EzAldeen Saleem in 1997 by (49.3% and 46.5%), respectively, each with a decline in 2014 plus the existence of an inverse relationship between education and fertility since the high level of education leads to a decline in the number of births, and vice versa, as well as a strong and positive relationship between education and the profession, as education affects in the different type of occupation, as well as the low quality of the educational levels during the period of the study due to mismanagement and negligence experienced by administrative units. The study also showed a high female ratios in educational levels in 2014, it is high in comparison to 1997 and the search reached a high degree certificate holder (elementary - and higher) in analogy between urban and rural areas for the years (1997 and 2014) and this is the result of group of forces and standing variables product set List forces and variables in the community of studying area that have been addressed in detail.