Show: 25 50 75 100 Results

Search results: 25 out of 2,892

الاراء الاقتصادية في كتاب المسند للامام زيد بن علي (عليه السلام) (122هـ/739م) == The Economic Opinions In The Book Of Al - Musnad By Imam Zaid Ben Ali (Peace Be Upon Him) (122 AH / 739 AC)

Author name: عمر سعدون حمود
Supervisor name: مقتدر حمدان عبد المجيد الكبيسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the economic and financial aspects of important and distinctive in the life of human societies at different ages and times studies, has expressed his Islamic religion widespread attention to economic issues and financial transactions that regulate the relationship of man with Bari (the Almighty), what should be done from the duties and what should be left taboo this is emphasized by the Shari'a and tried to sow in the hearts of Muslims. In this sense it excelled scholars and scientists Muslims to the classification of books that have had a clear impact in highlighting the Islamic economic approach and address the economic issues that have had impact in the Muslim individual structure and then the structure of society.Among these scholars Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) who has dedicated his life to the right and to serve humanity and the reform of society when the solution in which injustice and tyranny through the takeover of the Umayyad most of the economic resources of the state, so is the book (Musnad) forward Zaid bin Ali (Peace be Upon Him), (Tel : 122 e / 739 m), one of the important doctrinal and rare books in that period, namely the period of the beginning of the era of blogging, which dealt with through the issues and questions of financial and economic transactions that were practiced in the Islamic state markets.I have tried through this study to identify the economic and financial views in a book (Musnad) forward Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) has been reached : - 1 - The book Musnad of important doctrinal books that dealt with many economic and financial issues in Islamic law and which are indispensable for every urge in this area.2 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) accurate and trustworthy and sincere remembrance of the bond when he was mentioned conversations sometimes was little talk Bkdhirh Sindh from the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) and sometimes for the faithful Ali bin Abi Talib (Peace be Upon Him).3 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) jurist and pious individual Mstenbta provisions legitimacy so he was answering some doctrinal issues that arise upon an armrest to the Book of Allah (God) and the Sunnah of the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family).4 - became a disciple of Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) at the hands of his father, Imam Zainal Abidin (Peace be Upon Him) and his brother Imam Baqir (Peace be Upon Him) and senior scholars of the city in that period and a student of his hands dozens of Islamic sons doctrines, especially the Imam Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him).5 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the principle of social solidarity in the Islamic economic thought through the premise of Zakat when cited verse 60 of Surah Repentance, and how Islam addressed the issue of poverty and the right of both the poor and the poor and workers to collect Zakat.6 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to charity and charity - Fitr on relatives (a womb) and replace him sadaqah is not permissible for him. The stresses (Peace be Upon Him) to charity password and their reward with Allah (God).7 - raised Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to an important issue, but it does not Zakat in women's Costume whether what she is wearing or paid in, as he was not focused on Zakat in gems like Durr and rubies, pearls and all that comes out of the sea.8 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the important provisions of the legitimacy and expressed her great interest in his book (Musnad) provisions which have a significant impact on the economic and financial transactions of Islamic society. He referred to the provisions of the loan and mortgage company and to the divine and the snapshot and leasing, deposit, including detailed provisions and explained its importance and usefulness in economic deal on the principle of Islamic Sharia law.9 - Treated Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) issue of five Booty and shamrock and Alglul and select their amounts and how it was spent in Islamic law derived from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah.10 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the types of agricultural land controlled by the Islamic State of Arab and defined quality : decimal land and the land of Foreign Affairs. He stressed the legality of the farmer because of the investment of agricultural land and the conditions of the farmer and his views were his own in it.11 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the provisions of the sales and earnings Muslim usury and exchange between the right of the sales that were in circulation in Islam and warned sales corrupt and Terminator them legally, which should not be practiced by Muslims.
Summary:
References:

المملكة الوسطى في مصر القديمة : دراسة سياسية وحضارية == The Middle Kingdom In Ancient Egypt Political & Civilization Study

Author name: علي عبد هلال طاهر الساعدي
Supervisor name: مهدية فيصل صالح الموسوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Egyptian civilization an important place in the history of the ancient Near East, they are genuine civilization characterized Bzahertyn main points : first, the foot, and the second always, history Pharaonic history multistage continued without interruption and each era of days through special nature and style, and the era of the Middle Kingdom, which we are going to study what is the only heir Forensic Old Kingdom.Chapter I titled (the political situation in Egypt before and after the establishment of the Middle Kingdom), it has been divided into two sections we dealt with in the first section, titled (Intermediate Period first "social revolution") to examine the causes of revolution and political events that accompanied that revolution, while the second section has titled (the Middle Kingdom) in which we highlighted the conflict between Ahnasia rulers of the kings of the two families ninth, tenth and eleventh kings of the family, which resulted in the establishment of the Middle Kingdom. The second chapter titled (the internal politics of the pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom) has been divided into two sections we dealt with in the first section, titled (system of government and administration) the nature of the changes that have witnessed that era in the administrative institutions beginning of the pharaoh's authority and ending with state institutions and how to run the country and the powers and status The Minister of Territorial Administration and the laws that regulate the society, while the second part, which we called (the systems social And economic) dealt with those systems that prevailed in Egypt at the time and social classes that formed the Egyptian society and focused it on the spread of the concept of social justice between those layers, as well as how it is unable to state the wheel managing the economy growing rapidly adopted as the support of the internal sector, maintain and set up agricultural projects with giving missions to mines and quarries in the initial economic plans.The third chapter was entitled (foreign policy Central to the Queen), which was divided into two sections address the first part of which, titled (foreign policy for the family eleventh) the nature of relations with other countries, and specifically in the south and the north - east, west and north, while the second section talked about (foreign policy twelfth of the family), we reviewed the relationship with Egypt during the reign of that strain with neighboring countries, especially Nubia and the countries of Asia and the West We have given a lot of room for modern relations with Nubia where the relationship gradually even becoming more like what the region be an Egyptian colony In the middle of this family. The fourth chapter titled (cultural manifestations of the era of the Middle Kingdom), was necessary divided into four sections carry first topic address (physical manifestations) and where we talked about the physical facilities that characterized the kings of the Kingdom of pyramids and obelisks and fortresses, while the second section was titled (technical aspects), and in which we dealt with those kinds of appearances inscriptions and photography and sculpture, while taking third section title (cultural manifestations) and we follow the biblical and educational development as well as the literary side and the content of Fiction and the rule. While the fourth section accept ideological side in the Kingdom and how it evolved religious beliefs
Summary:
References:

فلسفة نظام الحكم في العراق القديم بين النظام اللامركزي والنظام المركزي : دراسة تاريخية == Phylosohpy Of Reign System In Iraq Between The Decentralized And Centralized System (A Historical Study

Author name: علي احمد عبد الكريم الجبوري
Supervisor name: مزهر محسن الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Now and after we had finished our thesis writing, we reached to a set of conclusions, can be concluded in the following : First : The emerge of the state in Mesopotamia and whatever the contrariety was in determine its history and whatever the variousness of its nominations whether it was a civil state, a civil kingdom, or a civil town state; the emerge of this state was a natural result of gathering its trinity strategy represented by in developing its political boarders, developing the economy of its society and completing its political and administrative institutions. The rivalry and struggle between town states had rushed in emerging this state since early dynasties period (3200B.C.), and what had accompanied that rivalry and struggle of overwhelming one on another to end that matter by emerging one distance per state in the time of the leader Lugal Zage - Si. Second : The concept of intellectual, religious and political coexistence, interaction and integration between the local clans (Sumerians) and the expatriated clans (AL - Jazreen), had reflected a historical formation of a greatest civilized unit in the history. Also what had those people inherited from their ancestors and their success in uniting their state whether by coalition , peaceful uniting ,or annexation through military transgression had led those people to succeed later in build their decentralized state. Third : As soon as the matter prepared to Sargon of Akkad (2367 - 2316B.C.) , and his control on the political matters in the country ,he declared his strong state demanding a shifting process from political and administrative decentralization in rule to declare his strong centralized state and stating himself a king on the whole geographic territory of Mesopotamia and declaring himself a king on Summer and Akkad until the political , economic and military principals accomplished in his time who succeeded in them to start establishing a civilized , historical and political unit of a new kind where were the strong will and the political wisdom essences for the king and his ancestors the great rule in continuing their centralized state. Forth : The return of the Sumerian rule in the reign of the third Ur kingdom (260 - 1995B.C.), and changing the ruling essence didn’t witness a lax in the centralized reign but it witnessed a development and a new establishment of the strong Akkadian political centralized rule system. So through a deep and accurate sight to what had don each of Ur - Nammu, Shuaiki, and his sons shall give us an ambition presented in the will of this state and its kings to continue the style of the centralized reign were the kings in the Third Ur Dynasty gather between the religious, political, administrative and executive authorities; in other word we can say they tried to gather between the worldly and religious authorities in their centralized ruling system. The third kingdom of Ur didn’t continue Long because two pressures the first ; internal ,presented by the pressure of the Amorite migrations and the second ; is external , presented by Elamite plotting and inciting the Loubi clans in the north ;so both pressures had exhausted the Third Ur State politically and economically to last by Gutian occupation to Mesopotamia. Fifth : The system of the Amorite town states rule didn’t last for a long time (2006 - 1792B.C.), where one of the strong Amorite leaders and by that we mean the king Hammurabi (1792 - 1752B.C.), controlled the state and succeeded in uniting the country and started in inauguration of a united civil centralized state. This matter is what made its king endeavor to establish a centralized style reign after he melt the town states system in one connected with one center and uniting its legislative system through submitting all its kingdoms and regions related to it , to one constitution (one legislation), and also uniting its religious theology in one centralized religion and uniting its military institutes and connecting them with the king and enlarging its army by applying conscription which prepared its rulers politically and militarily ,so the reign of Hammurabi achieved the trinity of the civil state that is after accomplishing its judicial, executive , legislative and even the military authorities
Summary:
References:

الصلات العلمية بين العراق ومصر (247 - 334هـ/861 - 945م) == Scientific Links Between Iraq And Egypt (247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD)

Author name: عبير غني كاظم الخفاجي
Supervisor name: محمود تركي فارس اللهيبي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This title of this thesis is ((Scientific links between Iraq and Egypt(247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD))). This thesis was divided into four chapters.The first chapter deals with the study of the most important scientific centers in Baghdad and Egypt, which helped to lay the foundations of the Islamic faith. It included the most important scientific centers, including mosques and Koranic schools, councils and debates and aspects of books and (Al - warakeen) books sellers shops and others. While the second chapter of religious sciences marked by the science of the Koran, which included science readings, cut short as the study of celebrity readings scientists between Iraq and Egypt and learning in their councils.As well as modern science through the concept of the modern and the role of the people of Iraq and Egypt in the supplement of this science and published in Egypt and the journey in the pursuit of knowledge between the two countries.And also a study of Jurisprudence and science as the study focused on the concept of an Islamic Fiqh and its development through historical stages and the emergence of Islamic sects and the motives that led to the emergence of those doctrines. And the study of the most important scholars between the two countries and also in this chapter study of the most important Sufi mysticism and scientists between the two countries.Chapter three, includes language and grammar, the most prominent linguists and grammarians in Iraq, Egypt and the hair and the most prominent poets in Iraq, Egypt and different kinds of prose.And stand on this science scholars between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important of flights between the two countries in this scientific field. Turning in the fourth quarter to the humanities and included historical, geographical, knew the history and contributions of the two scientists in providing the historical thought. And the most prominent historians in Iraq and Egypt have been in this chapter the study of geographical and highlighted the contributions of scientists and researchers in geographic knowledge.The fourth chapter has been included on the mental sciences between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important contributions of scientists in providing the scientific movement between Baghdad and Egypt in the fields of medicine, pharmacy, theology, philosophy, translation, astronomy and chemistry.The we record our findings and conclusion through this thesis with a summary of the findings of the results taken from approved sources in the search.
Summary:
References:

المرويات التاريخية لسبط ابن الجوزي ومنهجه في كتابه مراة الزمان في تواريخ الاعيان للمدة (590 - 654هـ/1193 - 1256م) == The Historical Narratives For Sebt Ibn Al Jawzy And His Approach In His Book Mera'At Al Zaman Fe Toearekh Alaian For Period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D)

Author name: عبد الرزاق عبد الرسول رشيد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: علي حسن الغضبان
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Saw the seventh century A.H / thirteenth century A.D the emergence of a group of historians, eminent, who had a significant role in the field of historical notation, and perhaps the most important of these historians Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi , and who knew large in various fields of science for his contributions, including historical writing, it left us Legacy great in this area, and represents in his book (mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian ) , as this book is one of the most important sources of Islamic history, especially Ayoubi, where increasing importance of this book in the period under study (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), as well as it that Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi were age at that time, it was a companion to the kings built Ayoub, participated with them in some political events, and as a result he has left us a wealth of important historical novels about that era. In this sense, we have found that the character of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi historical Narratives and systematize the study in his book mera'at al zaman for period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D) extensive scientific study indispensable, because of its importance and the lack of studies on this subject; so we decided to respond to this topic To shed some light on the personality of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi and his book mera'at al zaman. Necessities study has necessitated the division of this research into four chapters, preceded by an introduction and followed by a finale, where we dealt with in the first chapter biography of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi and his time, as this chapter is divided into three sections, presented the first section of the biography of the life of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi personal, and either the second topic was eating sebt Ibn Al Jawzi era political and cultural terms, while we dealt with in the third section of the Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi of Scientific Biography. While we were in the second quarter to publicize the book mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian and the methodology of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi the period (590 - 654 AH / 1193 - 1256 AD), this chapter is divided into two sections we discussed in the first section of it to publicize the book mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian, while eating the second topic approach in which sebt Ibn Al Jawzi - period (590 - 654 AH / 1193 - 1256 AD). The third and fourth chapters, it has touched the two historical Narratives of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi for period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256A.D) we have in which to read the book mera'at al zaman , collecting Narratives pertaining period under study, and the extrapolation of other historical sources that dealt with this period, and compared with the report by Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi novels, and discussing the novels in which historians disagree, and install agreed novels. In the third chapter we dealt with the historical Narratives of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi from the Abbasid Caliphate other Narratives sporadic period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), this chapter is divided into two sections we dealt with in the first section Narratives Sebt Ibn Jawzi of the succession to Al Nasser ledin Allah , for the period (590 - 622 A.H / 1193 - 1225 A.D), while the second part, we have been in it to Narratives from the Abbasid Caliphate period (622 - 654 A.H / 1225 - 1256 A.D) Other Narratives scattered about the Almohad dynasty in Morocco and Andalusia, and the natural phenomena and facts bizarre period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D). The fourth chapter discussed Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi Narratives from the Ayyubid and Mamluk period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), has been divided into three sections, we dealt with in the first section Narratives for the Ayyubid period (590 - 615 A.H / 1193 - 1218 A.D), and the section The second has been Narratives for the Ayyubid in the era the King Al Kamel Mohammed(615 - 635 A.H /1218 - 1237 A.D), while the third section addressed to Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi Narratives from the Ayyubid and Mamluk period(635 - 654 A.H /1237 - 1256 A.D). Have we faced during this study, many of the difficulties, and perhaps most notably the difficult security situation which is going through our beloved country, which negatively impacted us, this as well as the large number of scientific material and abundance, we have tried as much as possible to cover all aspects of the study, and other obstacles that we faced is the difficulty in obtaining some sources, we have been able, thanks to God Almighty to overcome most of these difficulties.
Summary:
References:

الشيخ محمد مهدي الاصفي ودوره الفكري والسياسي في العراق (1937 - 2015) == Al - Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi And Intellectual And Political Role In Iraq 1937 - 2015

Author name: عامر صالح علي سعد العكيلي
Supervisor name: علي محمد كريم المشهداني
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Took a character study an important place in the field of historical studies, the fact that the person is a historic event maker, and understand the nature of his mission is to understand the course of events, composition and causes, so the historical studies of many influencing the course of events, personalities, and Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi one of the personalities that have left have dealt clear imprint in the modern history of Iraq because of the products of intellectual Affersh contributed to a large extent in the development of many of the political, social, historical and cultural concepts, especially as he witnessed the difficult period of the history of modern Iraq. The reasons for choosing this topic back to the desire of a researcher at clarifying biography of Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi and role of the intellectual, political, and which is one of the new themes, which encouraged the researcher on the roads this topic, as well as what ails our library of poverty in specialized in researching academic figures and religious bear to see academic studies Islamist contemporary to incorporate the needs of the community, not to mention the researcher's quest to highlight the role of Sheikh Alasfi in the Islamist movement's activities since the fifties of the twentieth century until his death in 2015. Either approach letter Fassar to conduct scientific research as much as possible and followed the style of the historical narrative sometimes, and analysis at other times, and compare the views and attitudes of Dialogic angle cash in some of the topics that require this style, necessitated the nature of the study of personality, Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi and role of the intellectual and political to divide the message Introduction to three chapters and a conclusion included the main conclusions reached by the study. The first chapter was titled Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi his scientific career and his life and his approach to writing, and touched the second quarter, which was titled intellectual productions of Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi Alasfi to intellectual aspects that distinguish them, while the third chapter, which was titled the political role of Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi Alasfi, activity political inside and outside Iraq. To accomplish our mission modest at best, I tried to use all the scientific material can be utilized within the time frame of our mission, Vofatt Unpublished of the Private Securities Sheikh Alasfi and family documents or security reporting system related to his activity and his important role in strengthening the message information, also contributed personal interviews Researcher prominent role in the addition of information while writing a message, I can not fail to point out the obvious importance of the Arab sources that had occupied the largest space from the margins of the message, and at the forefront of these books are works of Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi in various religious, scientific, intellectual, political and social aspects. Reliance on Arab sources did not prevent the use of Persian sources, and do not forget to mention the importance of theses and Alatarih Rphit that the value of the message on the history of the religious establishment and its political role information. The researcher has faced several difficulties hardly uncommon in any scientific academy study that differed in the extent of the study and again. In conclusion, I hope through Trahi for this modest effort before a panel discussion to be tuned to Aptgat of clarifying the truth and the dissemination of science for the benefit.. as I hope to be my act fills a void in our library Islamist, as an added scientific We hope that achieve what we aspire to achieve, the missed Vhspa I'm still at the first step in the path of scientific research and the hard run, and I was Valvdil to the efforts and care for my teachers evacuation Aoun benevolent, they have the thanks and gratitude, as I find myself obliged to provide a multitude gratitude and thanks to the members of the discussion, my teachers Distinguished what Tjhmoh of the trouble in the correct letter order to realize Kamal them to the desired scientific interest, and perfect, but God alone that Mawla Yes and yes protagonist
Summary:
References:

حزب الاتحاد الاشتراكي للقوات الشعبية ودوره السياسي في المغرب (1975 - 1996) == Socialist Federation Party Of Public Forces And Political Role In Morocco (1975 - 1996)

Author name: شيماء عبد الوهاب عبد الشمري
Supervisor name: نغم سلام ابراهيم
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of political parties history in Morocco has been considered worthy to be researched in the modern and contemporary Arabic history. The independence of Morocco on 3r of March 1956 , has been regarded as a turning point for setting out the parties ' political work in the contemporary Morocco, that is linked to the virtual role of political parties and organizations in the resistance against the French occupation and in mobilizing the publics as to achieve its goals in freedom , independence and progression. But, the new political reality has found a state of struggle between ownership institutions from one side and political parties from another side, this resulted into having the latter divides into opposing and supporting the ownership institution. The socialist Federation Party of Public forces was one of these parties. , where stages of party's development have embodied as reflection on the development of political events in Morocco in the contemporary and modern history. The thesis aims at studying the historical roots of the socialist federation party of public forces as apposition party since its establishment in 1975 until the year 1996. The exceptional holding of the party in 1975 has been considered as a starting point for crystalizing the social, economic and political directions to continue to play its role and its virtual activity in Moroccan political domain. The thesis 's boundaries ceases at the announcement of constitution in 1996 that represented as a turning point toward democratic transition in the political process. The importance of research lies within studying the Socialist Federation Party of public forces since it is considered one of opposing political parties. The study of this party has been a transparent reflection on political parties development in Morocco since getting its independence in 1956, along with the issuance of law of multi - parties in 1959 that established legal bases of political life in Morocco and being considered as a starting point for setting out the regular political work. The activity and political practice of the party considered an important matter for being one of parties that represented parties opposition embedded with law. The study has been based on the historical context and analyzing descriptive method as to show most important developments Morocco has witnessed , along with the role of the socialist Federation party until 1996. In the light of the research's methodology , the thesis has divided into an introduction, preface , four chapters and conclusion. The preface comes with the title " Socialist Federation party of Public Forces and internal political developments in Morocco 1956 - 1975"in which I have explained the conditions that help contribute into dissenting the Socialist Federation party from the National federation of public forces in 1972 until the announcement of the party in 1974. The chapter one comes with the title " Socialist Federation party of public forces and holding exceptional conference , along with the political developments in Morocco (1975 - 1977). The study has focused on the most important events prior to the holding of exceptional conference of the party in 1975; besides , the organizational structure of the party together with its goals , and its role in the rural and provincial elections in 1976. It has been also explained the role of the party in the legislation election in 1977 and its stance in constituting the government and parliament. Ending with the matter of the dessert. The second chapter includes ( Fronts of political activity of the socialist federation party and its stance in respect to internal matters (1978 - 1983); this chapter has emphasized on its most important activities lying in the establishment of democratic co - federalism for occupying the laborers union of the party , the holding of 3rd conference of the party in 1978 and the party 's attitude toward unrests in 1979 - 1981. The chapter has also included the party's attitude toward the Nairobi conference decisions and toward the parliament in 1981. It has also explained its attitude toward Fas peak in 1982 , its role in the rural and provincial elections in 1983 and the government of Mohammed Kareem Al - Umrani in 1983. The chapter three discusses the internal developments of the socialist federation party and its attitude toward the national matters ( 1984 - 1989) ; it has exposed the party's attitude toward the Jewish sects conference in Marrakesh in 1984 and the holding of fourth national conference of the party. It deals with the establishment of Africa - Arab Federation and the party 's attitude thereof in 1984, along with its role in the legislation election in Morocco in 1984 and in forming the government in 1985. The chapter has also shown the party's objection to the meeting of Aifran in 1986 between the king Al - Hasan the second and Shimon Perez, it deals with the party's attitude toward Arab Morocco Federation in 1989 ( supported it); besides, referring to the fifth conference of the party held in April 1989 and the party's attitude toward the Arabic National matters ,Palestinian Liberation Organization , Lebanese matter and Iranian - Iraqi war. The chapter fourth comes with the title" the role of the party in boosting democracy and constitution amendment until year 1996. It exposes the party's attitude toward unrest happened in 1990 and government 's vote of confidence in 1990 , the announcement of forming democratic bloc in 1992. The chapter explains the party's stance in respect to death of AbdulRaheem Bu Ubaid in 1992 , the attitude of announcement of constitution in 1992 , along with the developments , role of the party in the massive elections in 1992, in addition, the party's attitude toward the legislative elections in 1993 and finally the announcement of new constitution in 1996 and its positive stance of it. The study has conclude with conclusions included the most important results which are : 1. The political domain has witnessed appearance of new political organizations after the issuance of law of parties that have aimed at preventing to establish Sole Party system and to place bases of multi - Party system. Thus the Monarchy institution got succeeded in its struggle with the independence party and began forming a government loyal to the monarchy institution. It is confirmed that the institution has lonely achieved its goals and confirmed its loyalty on Morocco's political life.2. The struggles have not only confined between the opposition and the monarchy institution , but rather have transferred unto the opposition parties. Thus , we have noticed that in 1972 it has happened disputes inside the National Federation of Public forces and led to dissention inside the party. The latter has got divided into two parts , one part ( Rabat) led by AbdulRaheem BuObaid and the other (Al - Dar Al - Baydha) led by Abdullah Ibrahim. The dissention led to freeze the national bloc and resulted into reflecting that on its role in the political life and establishing to have every party works independently. 3. The exceptional conference held in 1975 has been considered as a turning point for appearing the socialist Federation Party of Public Forces and specified its political , social and intellectual trends and directions in adopting the socialism and democracy as that confirmed by participating into legislation election in 1977 where the party has not wined as for there have been forgeries in the election. 4. Despite , the socialist federalism Party of public forces has been considered one of opposition parties , but it has tried in more than one occasion to adopt positive stances in respect to monarchy institution , especially , when the matter concerned with the national benefit of Morocco 's sovereignty , most outstandingly, is the matter of Morocco Desert where the party has played a grand role in defending it as to be part of morocco.5. The party has adopted virtual political stances and attitudes in praising the labor sector, as a result, it worked on establishing Democratic con - federalism as to activate the workers union , where the party has used it as to have its voice get to the parliament and monarchy institution by supporting the union.6. The party's activity along with its directions have virtually confirmed on principles of democracy which the party has called for since its establishment. The observer who followed up the activity of the party since 1975 until the year 1996 , has found that this party is opposition one as to reinforce and boost its methodology to practice democracy; besides , stressing its links with the Morocco republics and its adherence to the national benefit of the people and freedom from one side and Morocco unity quarantine from other side. Moreover, the positive sides of the party in respect to the Arab matters in contemporary and modern history. 7. The party's political directions and trends have been largely crystalized by calling for constitutional and political reforms. The 90s decade of 20th century has represented an essential phase for the party by emphasizing the party's role to call for reform and change. This represented by getting the King " Al - Hasan the second " accept suggestions of Democratic blocs that led to occurring positive change for the democratic process through
Summary:
References:

الحركة الفكرية في همذان من القرن الثالث الهجري الى نهايـة القرن السادس الهجـري

Author name: سمية خالد بريسم الربيعي
Supervisor name: خاشع عيادة المعاضيدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لقد انتظمت الدراسة في اربعة فصول تضمن الفصل الاول نبذة تاريخية عامة عن همذان، وقد اشتمل على ثلاثة مباحث، الاول عن اصل تسمية همذان، والثاني عن مدن وقرى همذان، لان تحديدها مهم جدا لبيان نشات الاعلام في همذان، وكان المبحث الثالث والاخير عن فتح همذان وما تلا | This study deals with thinking and scientific activities in easter Islamic cities which is Hamdan. most of historical studies since 156 s dedicated specially to study political history for - nations , histories of Islamic cities ,reasons of its evolution , careers of men and administrative , economical , social , literature subjects men while concern was less for thinking and scientific studies although it a acquires great impotent because it deal with most famous Arabic Islamic activities.The Period research study was four centuries started from 3 rd century to 9 th century.This century represented important stage in life of Arabic Islamic State.It was full of Luxury activation and civilized promotion.Also this century witness flourishing of translation from old languages which help to transform most of Greec writings which was written in different subjects and Arab scientist enrich them.Many clerks and science as tellers , historian , a astronomers and others.Islamic raose potential economies for all Islamic states.Study depended on firm curriculum in study of Al - Hamadany. He lived and study in Hamadan and take knowledge from its shieks and science.The study explain and researches of Hamadan science in either transformational and intellectual studies.The study reference to many resources to make benefit from information’s which explain contribution of Hamadan thinkers and science in developments of intellectual sciences.It includes general translations , religious science , decedents book. geographical , historical books and minor references.The study includes four chapters : First chapter is a brief hisrtory of Hamadan which contain three studies , first one or origin of Hamadans name the second is about Hamadan cities and villages because determining it is very important to explain the lifes of scientist in Hamadan. Last study was of Hamadan conquest and what followers it of events till third century for Hijral ninth century A.C.Second chapter is about religious science and famous clerks of Hamadan people in it and most famous readers.Second study was about Hadith , the most famous writings and tellers of Hadith.Third study is a bout religious interpretation its origin and famous interprets.Third chapter is about Arabic language and literature.It includes two studies , first study is about language and study Arabic Moslems maintain Arabic language because it is language of Holly Quran. Second study is about humanitarian science and pure science sufism and most famous sufies and their books. Second was about geography and history.
Summary:
References:

الالهة الشابة المذكرة بين الموت والانبعاث في الشرق الادنى القديم : دراسة في الوظائف والصفات == The Male Young Deiteis Between Death And Resurrection In Anceint Near East A Studty In The Characters And Functions

Author name: سرى حسين علي الحسوني
Supervisor name: غسان عبد صالح
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of this thesis is on of the most important subjects that is because it dealt with a content didn’t exist in any other study, it is also an attempt to understand the role of cosmos. The thesis also compared between the roles of these deities and show there and the role of each of them ,the role of them and what had been left of prints on his their society. So, to comprehend the subject as much as it could be, this study has been divided into four chapters preceded by a prelude devoted to explain the geographical sphere of the area of the research and a brief summery about each state of the enceinte Near East States and a conclusion : The first chapter : Includes the male young deities names and their worshiping places. It consisted of three sections ; the first section dealt with the deities names and there references where in it presented the meaning of each deity's name and its references. The second section dealt with the male young deities signals , which shows that each deity has signals distinguish it from the other deities. The third section emerges the geographical diffusion of the male young deities worshipping where the section shows the extent of the geographical spheres that these deities worshipped in them and the most distinguished temples of them. The second chapter : Includes the male young deities' functions and characters and it consisted of three sections. The first section dealt with the functions of the deities and emerges the importance of each function. The second section dealt with the character of these deities where we emerged in it the characters that distinguished each deity. The third section includes a comparison of these deities functions and characters. The third chapter : Dealt with studying the temporary death of the male young deities through three sections. The first section presented the ancient near east people thought about death and its terrors which represent the greatest enigma for human being. the second section detailed the temporary death of the male young deities where as for human being the immortal death is his fate , his deities were meeting a temporary death , and the section dealt with a comparison study of the male young deities. The forth chapter : Includes the male young deities resurrection and divided into three sections. The first section narrated the ancient near east people thought about resurrection which represents a solution to the enigma of death and an exit from it. The second section includes the resurrection of the male young deities which it was an attempt to understand the return of the breed and grow season return. While the third section consisted of a comparison to these deities resurrection. The conclusion of this study was an attempt to shed a light on the idea of death and resurrection of the male young deities in the ancient near east that reached to the following conclusions : Meanings references that are derivate from its functions which it has. Also the study explained the ancient worshipping of deity Dumuzy before the other deities where it worshipped in the forth millennium then the deity Auzeer then after it Baal and finally Telpino; so that is mean that worshipping the deity Dumuzy diffused from Mesopotamia to the rest of the near east countries to reach to the Nile Valley. Each of these deities has temples according the old instructions and texts. All these deities are associated in two functions which are the growth and life ; the death and resurrection. Also it was clear the functions of the deity Auzeer in the first state then the deity Baal then Dumuzy and finally Telpino , in adition to that the role of the deity Auzeer in the upper and lower worlds other than the other male young deities, and that was emerging from the religious Egyptian faith which interested in the lower world more than the upper world. Like the functions were the characters of the male young deities in similarity and differences. The study proved the belief of the ancient near east people in death and it is the fate of all people but at the same time the were afraid of it , so they put on the world of deaths nominees like darkness terror and also those who are running it of deities and devils. The study emerged the absence of all deities from the upper world , but that doesn't mean their all subjection to the real death; where the deity Telpino excepted from that because he canceled and didn't dye; and that absence was for a limited time according to the environment of each society ; except the deity Auzeer which remains in the lower world. The methods of death are associated among the three deities(Dumuzy,Azeer,Baal), according to one of the narratives they all killed, while differ in other narratives; this state also similar in wives.Resurrection wasn't strange on the people of Mesopotamia but they didn't adopt its faith not like the Egyptians who believed in it and considered it the exit of their worry on death , so they drew a nice picture to the after death world ; the same thing was for the Augharets and Hittites. The resurrection of deities were different. The resurrection of Dumuzy can not be happened without the existents of a another one go to the deaths world instead of him, while Auzeer resurrected by Izeas magic ways, the deity Baal resurrected by killing the enemy of the deity Mout and burning it and throwing its ash ; Telpino resurrected by a bee sting after that they held ceremonies to purify him from its anger.Finally the study emerged the importance of the male young deities role in the ancient near east in all the life joints, starting with the growth of plants passing to human being ending with animals
Summary:
References:

زكريا محيي الدين ودوره العسكري والسياسي في مصر حتى عام 1968 == Zacariya Muhyiddin And His Military And Political Role In Egypt Until 1968

Author name: ساهرة سلمان حمادي الطائي
Supervisor name: علياء محمد حسين الزبيدي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Many researchers and authors were interested greatly in the history of Egypt as one of the important Arab countries which had a great effect on the events witnessed by the Arab Homeland. However, there were effective characters who had a great role in Egypt's events and the Arab Homeland on whom the light was not shed and they were not studied objectively despite their different roles and situations. Zakariya Muhyiddin is regarded as the most prominent of these characters, so we need to study his life and his military, political and national role in Egypt because he was the most prominent political characters close to the president Jamal Abdul Nasir, making some characterize him with the second man of Egypt at that stage. The study nature necessitated dividing it into an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and a number of appendices. The first chapter addressed Zakariya Muhyiddin's family background and the construction of social self It included four sections. The first section contained a display of his social roots, a follow - up of his family, life, education, characteristics, hobbies, the medals and badges he gained, and the beginning of his relationship with Jamal Abdul Nasir. As to the second section, it was dedicated to his role in Palestine war 1948, while the third section was specified to the establishment of Al - Dhubat Al - Ahrar Organization and his membership in it, whereas the fourth section addressed the political developments in Egypt for the years (1950 - 1952). As to the second chapter, it was specified to his role in the revolution of 23rd of July 1952 including three sections. The first section tackled his role in the rise of the revolution of 23rd of July 1952. The second section dealt with his political and economic activity, while the third section comprised his political and international situation towards the revolution of 23rd of July 1952, whereas the fourth section discussed his situation towards Sudan issue and the conclusion of evacuation agreement. The third chapter came to shed the light on his role, the political developments in Egypt and his situation towards Arabic and international issues for the period (1954 - 1968), including four sections. The first section mentioned his situation towards the political developments for the period (1954 - 1956), while the second section addressed his role and the path pf the Egyptian political developments (1957 - 1964), whereas the third section was specified to his situation towards Arabic and international issues, the fourth section was confined to his role and the path of political and domestic developments for the years (1965 - 1967). We also showed the end of his political activity and his death. The study was ended by a conclusion dedicated to the most important conclusions within the light of the works and achievements fulfilled by Zakariya Muhyiddin in the fields he was responsible of.
Summary:
References:

امنة الصدر (بنت الهدى) 1937 - 1980م : دراسة تاريخية == Amina Alsadir (Bnt Alhuda) 1937 - 1980 (Historical Study)

Author name: ريام احمد عبد الزبيدي
Supervisor name: كريم مراد عاتي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of historical personality consider as one of the significant studies as to its relation to historical events , especially if these personalities experienced unannounced rule , in another hand what add importance to these historical personality that is not limited to men only but also women have widespread rule and that push the researcher to choose these personality in particular as she played a significant rule directly related with modern Islamic movement , nearly a little academic studies have mentioned a feminine personality which strongly attached to historical events in particular those whose practice their deeds secretly and haven’t clearly announced ,accordingly the researcher through this study seeks to spot the light on the social , educational and political rule of woman rule through the study of feminine personality as model of Iraqi woman (Amina Haider Al Sader) whose acted a significant rule on the social , educational and political level. According to the duration of the study is limited with a period (1937 - 1980 a.m) represented by the subject of study which is her personal life that involves on many topics associated with the different suggestions , thoughts and visions of the personality whereas the study includes a discussion for some suggestions and thoughts that associated with woman and the modern Islamic visions toward her also discuss the literature works of Amina Al - Sadir that indirectly oriented toward woman whereas she suggested some problems that face woman in the social life and she also suggested some suitable solutions for them through the principles of Islamic law which rise the woman state, some of these thoughts presented by literature stories. The study include the educational and social rule of Amina Alsadir that presented through many educational and social platforms represented by her supervisions on non - government girl schools in addition to make many awareness conferees by which many of her Islamic visions has been suggested. The study also contain the political activity of Amin Al - Sadir that acted by various periods of her life that consider as completion of her social activity and important part of it, in addition to her directed conflict with political regime until her martyrdom. Through study of this personality the research conclude many finding , the most important are Amina Al - Sadir act one part of modern Islamic movement through her relationship with her brother Mohammed Baqir Al - Sadir, in addition to suggested thoughts and visions that suggested by Amina represented as a link between the modern reality and Islamic principles in a direct way, Amina was so far from of being rigorist to reach her restricted theory to woman to make her feel her state in the society and prepare her in socially and educationally so she can educate a generation whose have aim and restricted destination whereas Amina endeavored the educational base of woman strong to practice her rule in society in a completed way and can stand against to anti - Islamic theories firmly and strongly and in order to achieve this ,Amina started her preparation of woman by identify the importance of her state in Islam and society to support her confidence consequently to prepare awareness generation of women
Summary:
References:

مدينة صور من الفتح الاسلامي حتى القرن السابع الهجري : دراسة في احوالها العامة == The City Of Surfrom The Islamic Conquest Until The Seventh Century A.H. A Study Of The General Conditions

Author name: خالـدة عباس نصيف الزهيري
Supervisor name: غنية ياسر كباشي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: When I have chosen (The City of Sur from the Islamic Conquest until the Seventh Century A.H.)I had to be obliged to the conducting of work towards that work in a decent war. I had to tackle the city from all angles : politically, economically, socially in poverty and prosperity. I have passed through the stages of the life in the city from the beginning of the Rashdi Caliphate )orthodox caliphs (and then passing through the degeneration era to the weakness which made it difficult from the Fatimid state to protect the fortified borderline cities and that has made them cede the city to the Turk leaders, who worked hard to protect them from the Crusade attacks. Thus, the affiliation of the city went to the protégé of the Tolonian and Akhshedia states. The weakness of the later led to the fall of the latter led to the conquest of the Levant in the hands of Saladin. This period was one of the most dangerous periods as far as the city age is concerned. This is because those who escaped the conquered cities agglomerated in the city of Sur and it has become a fort from the forts of the Crusades. The city has been exposed to years of devastation as it represents a coastal city on shore from which the enemy can penetrate. From the other aspects, we concluded that the city is one of the best cities. It was known in the fishery and pottery making and textile. It is a Shiite stronghold in Lebanon. Through the study we found that the city of Sur is prosperous in trade, industry, and intellectuality. We concluded that the Sur community was prevailed in peace and simplicity. Now, we have ended the research I mention the most important findings of the study like that the city of Sur was a cradle of civilization Phoenician cities. The matter of rope was imported from Egypt which is used in ship making. The wood was brought from the nearby forests in Carthage city, which competed with Rome in the command of the Mediterranean Sea since the sixth century. The Suris excelledin textile and weaving and the purple dye which the Phoenicians kept secret to monopolize the formulae. The water passages which arrived at the city of Sur. Sur was one of the oldest cities in coinage and the spread of the Sur dinar until the very last day of its fall indicates its richness. Since the year (69 - 79 BC) Sur began to mintcoins as an autonomous entity. In the era of Emperor Trajan (119 - 98 BC) the Sur was known for mintage and the Emperor Hadrian a Metropolis. The Emperor Siphrios raised the degree to a colony and they were regarded as Roman citizens. The paper industry was also known in Sur.
Summary:
References:

دور ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) في الحياة العامة (183 - 256هـ/799 - 870م) == The Role Ahlulbait (Peace Be Upon Them) In Public Life (183 - 256 A.H\ 799 - 870 A.C)

Author name: حيدر عبد السادة شداوي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to God, who sent down the Criterion to His servant to be a harbinger for workers and peace and blessings on Muhammad, the illiterate Prophet whom God sent a witness and a missionary and a harbinger and calling for God's ear and lamp illuminating. Did not know the history captured as a family of Abi Talib penned glory crown at the junction of jihad lost her right Vttalbh patiently and consistently struggling bad ones cynical of their armies smiling to die crowned right Va - i - hdoa satisfied them comforting their consciences Sabrin Sabra beautiful raises Avannin admiration and admiration and radiates the colors of appreciation and reverence. Tnaasra enemies of the Immaculate family to fight it and invented the invention colors of doom and bulldozed kinds of heinous murder, And they hated the house (peace be upon them), but accused the owners of the right.Ara rulers haters did the Prophet (peace be upon them), but no edema. Sabo and severe shares on children and women and men to abandon their humanity, and in reckless foolish pigmentation foreheads actors Bhnan evil souls and become another of these martyrs (peace be upon them) newly tells the story circulating stories where people find glory and toughness right tale. Vmutiroa him and on choosing and they wrote with their blood because it contains the seed of renewed life. Despite the large number of enemies of this family were unsuccessful attempts to eradicate them fail.In perpetual trip between sheets of history in search of the truth and Tgosaia experience deep human actors struck me some of the names gleaming leading figures who have had the active role the constant and tender in the Islamic Shari'ah service and movement religious scholars over the centuries, is the most prominent of those figures are Ahlulbait peace who can Mtaatbaan them and researchers through the study of their lives and their careers to learn about the broad effort large and hardship they have made in order to uphold the banner of Islam and the preservation of religion from identity theft wrongdoers and interpretation of the ignorant, in addition to their positive attitude is clear about the serious circumstances surrounding the nation and the Islamic, which tried to change the line of Islam on the track after an absence Great Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon God for leadership Theater.With this in mind we've to choose the subject which deals with the biography of some imams Ahlulbayt and their role in public life in the third century and of religious and secular their interests and their responsibilities towards society and the parish at the time, is no secret that when we study the lives of those Imams peace be upon them as a whole and link the activities and attitudes of some some note that the fabric of one and planning an interconnected complements mutually aims to maintain the frequency of the debt through the generations and show Sharia according to the right approach corresponding to the words of God Almighty and the words of the Holy Messenger, bless God and God and peace, or the purpose behind his choice due to several reasons, including : The study in this letter deals with attitudes and opinions of imams peace and their role for them in social life and the other based on the perception of college instead of a fractional view of any perception of the imams in a comprehensive manner is the image of single every front, this thus gives a clearer picture of the roles they undertake all in the life of the Islamic and arguably that on the basis of that view that we go out the results of the largest and broadest of the total outcome of the fractional studies.
Summary:
References:

منهج الداعي الفاطمي ادريس عماد الدين وموارده بالسبع السابع من كتاب عيون الاخبار وفنون الاثار

Author name: حيدر جابر عبد جبر الربيعي
Supervisor name: علي عطية شرقي الكعبي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله الذي لا تحصى نعمه ولا تعد فضائله والصلاة والسلام على رسوله الامين ابي القاسم محمد والة الطيبين الطاهرين ومن سار على نهجهم واتبع خطاهم بصدق الى يوم الدين. في ختام هذه الدراسة الموسومة (منهج الداعي ادريس عماد الدين وموارده في السبع السابع من كتاب
Summary:
References:

الـمرويات التاريخية لهشام بن حسان المتوفى : 147ه/ 764م == The Historic Novels Of Hisham Ibn Hassan (147A.H\ 764A.C)

Author name: حنان شهاب احمد الشمري
Supervisor name: سعاد هادي حسن الطائي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Thankfully, the first with no beginning, and the other without end, immortal without expiration, the Creator without following the example, Bari is the requirement, and peace and blessings on the best wild Mahtda, and Otehrhm generator, and Osalbhm glossary, and mushrikeen Madza, Mohammed a great creations, and methods of orthodoxy, and his family good pure.After : the Islamic nation gave birth to a lot of personalities who have served the Islamic history with images of various and so save them and their version of Narratives which dealt with aside "whatever" of Islamic history and witnessed the events have had a significant impact in changing the ascension of history in general, and they do so they kept the course of that period of During their version of events, and between those characters : (Hisham bin Hassan Basri).And personal Hisham referred stigmatized them, in terms of confidence, even if some have described a selected elite who seconded itself to serve the Sunnah, did not Stadtha, hence the importance of studying, (Almruyat historical Hisham bin Hassan Basri) to look in his own way to collect them, and those who heard, and Onthlha, and how the photos from the mouths of its resources, who gathered in their chests, he is the one who, folded deserts and wasteland to saved in all the regions, and have made for that hearing, and gave their ages, and guarded it, and kept its laws, Vtnagulwh Capra for Capper, and swept him like what he heard the first of them to the last of them, and dear God to them that the wisdom of it to save his religion, guarding his law. In spite of all the adversity and events in Islamic history, kept us this great Secretariat and passed on to subsequent generations, they took it for services and the greatest of Islam, with a lack of resources available to them at that time, but what is available today to accomplish in history, the first and science is nothing What if a bit of a century and the possibilities of modern means in the printing and the search for sources. Under the guidance of the scholars, especially my teachers esteemed, and guidance of Almighty God chose topic being includes within it, a model and one of the advanced generation in the Arab Islamic history, Vtmachit with him through Mroyate, for the purpose of showing its role in keeping the heritage of this nation and how others adopt it by taking him , and the inclusion of his novels in the most important sources of the Arab Islamic history, a biographical works and the Hadith.The study of such magnitude, must be fraught with some difficulties, which was in the forefront of the lack of information on the translation of his personal life. The other difficulty Vtmthelt, lack of sources that talk about Mroyate in the Abbasid period, and that if there had to shed light on an important era of his life and his position Some of the events in, and the large number of difficulties scientific research supplied by historical novels written Sunan within its parts amounting to forty - two.The study has been organized in, an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion; came first chapter under the title (the biography of Hisham bin Hassan and the circumstances of his time) by, three sections, devoted the first part, for (a biography of Hisham bin Hassan), which dealt with his personal life and included his name and lineage and his nickname, his title and his birth and his family, and his death; while the second section entitled (the era of Hisham bin Hassan), which dealt with political, economic and cultural his time The third section is the (scientific status of Hisham bin Hassan) dealt with his request for information, and scientific trips, and his elders and his disciples.Chapter II has carried the name of (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan from the prophets), included two sections, included the first section, Narratives Hisham bin Hassan prophets peace be upon them, while the second topic dedicated to (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan from the Prophet Mamed) has It included historical Mroyate from the Prophet's era of Prophet source ? until his death, and his wives, as well as some of the characters that lived with the Prophet.The third chapter was entitled, (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan for Rashidi and Umayyad and Abbasid) and Qaeda SHTML two sections Investigation, First topic was titled (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan for age - Rashidi (11 - 41h / 632 - 661m) and the Ahl al - Bayt), while the second section, (historical Almruyat to Hisham bin Hassan from the Umayyad period (41 - 132h / 661 - 749m) and Abbasid (132 - 147 AH / 632 - 764 AD), while catch the fourth chapter is devoted to (Hisham bin Hassan resources and approach) We put it to the most important resources Hisham bin Hassan that drew them Mroyate and the foundations of the selection of historical material, and style of presentation, as well as a display method, and the finale, it has dealt with the most important conclusions reached by the subject of the study.
Summary:
References:

البنك المركزي العراقي 1947 - 1964 : دراسة تاريخية == The Central Bank Of Iraq 1947 - 1964 Historical Study

Author name: حسين زعيل حالوب الموسوي
Supervisor name: اميرة حسين محمود الكريمي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Central Bank is considered the ultimate financial government facility that governs mainly on the banking and financial system of each country. The responsibility of this central bank is to issue the currency and working as an advocate to the government, and monitoring other branching banking systems. In addition, they central bank monitors the credit to support the economic growth of the country. The central bank carries on its shoulder the economic stability of the country. Due to the significance of this facility, it behooves me to uncover the history of central bank of Iraq. The idea of founding the central bank of Iraq goes back to 1920 after the formation of the first Iraqi government. The government decided to obtain and solidify the economic independence. The British experts who were assigned on this mission recommended to form a primary currency committee to be situated later in London. As a result of the consistent demands of Iraqi people to found an independent central bank, the authorities later subdued and issued the Iraqi law of currency No. 44 of the year 1931. Based on this law, the Iraqi committee of currency was formed. After the WWII in 1939 - 1945 the idea of the central bank surfaced the public demands but due to internal and external circumstances interfered and delayed the foundation. The year 1947 witnessed the issuance of Law No.42 of the year 1947. The Central Bank of Iraq was founded accordingly. This Central Bank is considered one of the oldest banks in Middle East. The bank initiated its activities in July 11 1947 and was considered a symbol of national independence. According to the Law No. 42 of 1947 (The Iraqi National Currency Law), the jurisdictions of issuing currency was assigned to the Iraqi National Bank. The Iraqi National Bank influenced the growth of Iraqi economy especially after thoughtfully spreading its financial policy through loans to banking faculties with easy interests and limiting interest levels that the bank receives on discounted offers of the trade banks. Due to that thoughtful banking policy, the country transformed from a depending financial system (Currency Committee) to a semi - independent financial system but connected indirectly to the Sterling Zone of British government. In 1949, the Iraqi National Bank initiated its activities as a fully authorized central Bank. The first currency bills were coined in that year that carries its logo in September 17th 1950. By the same year, the Central Bank started to monitor international transactions in addition to legislating the law of banks monitoring No. 34 of 1950. Moreover, in 1956, the Iraqi government’s accounts and deposits were transferred from Al - Rafidain Bank to The Iraqi National Bank and the same year witnessed the birth of law No. 72 detailing the Iraqi Central Bank policy. According to this law, the terms of the National Bank were drawn and witnessed an increase in its capital to reach 15 Iraqi millions. In July 1958, the Kingdom regime was toppled in Iraq and was replaced by the Republican regime. This transformation of government regime overshadowed many of the Iraqi government laws of which was the Iraqi currency law. In July 1959, the Iraqi government issued law No. 92 of 1959 (The Iraqi law of currency). According to this law, a new set of currency bills was issued that carried the logo of the Iraqi Republic Regime. In the same month, Iraq declared its independence from the Sterling Zone and accomplished the complete economic independence. Later, the mission of managing the Iraqi financial policy was assigned to the Central Bank of Iraq. Fast forward to July 1960, an official decision was made by the Iraqi government forbade the transactions of any currency other than that one carrying the logo of the Republic of Iraq. This decision was implemented in 31st of January 1961. It is worth to mention that the year 1961 witnessed the encoding of another law. The law is entitled 19th to monitor the foreign transactions. According to this law, the Central Bank was assigned main authorities to monitor foreign transactions. Additionally, the very law stipulated that all forms of payment other than Iraqi currency is subject to rules of foreign transactions policies. The Central Bank of Iraq during the period of 1947 through 1964 exercised bureaucratic activities without significant influence on the economic growth since it was chained to proceed according to the Sterling Zone and the internal government policies that crippled and subdued it. In conclusion, on the 14th of July 1964, the Communist laws were legislated to nationalize multiple Iraqi facility from the foreign control. One of the nationalized facilities was the economic facility of which was the national Bank of Iraq
Summary:
References:

الرواية التاريخية في كتاب (غرر الفوائد ودرر القلائد) للشريف المرتضى المتوفى (436هـ/1044م) == The Historical Novel In The Book (Ghurar Al - Fawaed And Durar Al - Qalaed) For Al - Sharif Al - Murtadha Deceased (436 AH / 1044 Ac)

Author name: حسام داخل علي
Supervisor name: مثنى فليفل سلمان الفضلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: We have cemented in the mind of many of us, that foreign control of resources of any country, especially if that control directly. It will lead to paralysis and disable a lot of those institutions of a political nature was the mother of the state's social or scientific, but perhaps in all walks of life. However, the specialist study of history, and from the history of Islam, could be up after research and investigation and take the necessary time to study a certain period of time, while making painstaking effort between the folds of historical pages, up to the facts may be a far cry from what we have referred to in advance, but may prove Facts new historical, that the foreign occupation and domination of Atakhlu positive effects in certain aspects of the life of that society. Including the period of our research and tagged {historical novel in the book (and pearls tricked benefits necklaces) for Sharif Murtada deceased (436 AH / 1044 AD)}. Since Albuehip control (334 - 447h / 945 - 1055m), the bulk of the capabilities of the Abbasid state in Baghdad. And who directly. As dazzling and striking at this stage is the development of a lot of aspects, including the activity and the growth of the scientific movement in Baghdad, because of this close association nature of our address, where the spread of the seminars that are part of that growth and intellectual activity and scientific. For this Fmma is no doubt that Mr. Murtada and his family the top is one of those productions for that time period. However, this does not mean that does not lead us to say that without this occupation because it is apparent that Mr. Galilee, but we want to say that with all the negatives that accompanies any foreign control over the destiny of a country, perhaps she the same time be a catalyst for the advancement of society in the areas of what, was the prophet Sharif Murtada, who wowed the Muslim world Bsjalath intellectual many in number and type, and his works, became the flag of the Islamic nation and Jhbma of Jhabztha in that historical period, and this is seen by many scientists and historians until he became named Sharif star with doctrine Imami duodenum, but an old man of the great elders, which issued the religious leadership of the Shia Imami. And he had a clear role in preserving the heritage of the Islamic nation in general, and especially the Shia Ithna; Mr. Sharif alMurtaza was the repository of many of the sciences that Nhlha of his teachers and elders Venerable, who schooled on their hands, and is reflected in the variety of his compositions. It was so scientific encyclopedia for Aanill trough, Venhl of his abundant many students, his home until he became a popular destination and a platform for seminars. That the purpose of the study of this inimitable personal and that was particularly important in forensic science and scientific Bmosusah, which dominated the scientific character, which some called to deny him a depth of knowledge of historical events, which are an essential part of the scientific personality, and that the cave between the folds of novels and historical events for different ages we have quoted in chapters of this letter, which addressed one of his books that we are going to study them. History as we know, is built on the foundations of a very important time and place is human, the group including the individual, and these pillars are often shared by many human sciences, and perhaps in the forefront of forensic science. The study of any authorized branches can not resign from the study of history according to each individual subject. Therefore, we find that the book (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces) has contained a lot of the verses of the Holy Quran and the Hadith, and support Mr. Murtada all that a lot of poetry and prose, was that Mr. Murtada one of Avmaz and the pillars of the Islamic world in general, and Imami jurisprudence duodenum in particular. The fact that all scientific effort is not without its small difficulties were large and is connected nature of the subject to be searched, so we see that the book methodology (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces) for Sharif Murtada had neglected to mention the bulk of the dates of the events and historical novels cited mention poked jurisprudential Besides very brief in the matter of historical facts, which require listed, and the historic nature of our approach to this study, exposure to refer to most of the historical sources that we have reached, and which varied in the disruption. The goal is to reach the origin of the novel or the historic event after viewing the report by Mr. Murtada in his ambiguity on those sources to determine the proportion of congruence and difference and in doing so get out the fact that historic event, and that too with the help of the views of some historians modern and views regarding dictum by writing this letter. One of the things that have been neglected in the book of ambiguity is not to mention the dates of those events. But we and the help of God we were able to evacuate this difficulty through what we mentioned above, the nature of the approach taken, where shows that between the folds of the chapters of this letter which contained this introduction, four chapters and an epilogue, came the first chapter, addressing in three axes, the first of which may be defined on the Biography vitae of Mr. Murtada and his family are honest, while the second axis has included mention of scientific life of Mr. Murtada and definition elders Mr. Murtada who are Oaazationm Imami elders who have the NHL galore knowing Shaykh Saduq (d. 381 AH / 991 AD), and Sheikh useful (d 413 AH / 1022 AD), with claims of Prophet Murtada Imami Twelver after his death, came in this axis also mentioned a number of his students venerable, who popularized prominence throughout the Muslim world Kalnjashi (d. 450 AH / 1058 AD), and Tusi (d. 460 AH / 1067 AD) and others, and is no doubt that such a world must leave the inter literature and workbooks that formed Aretha major scientific percent exceeded author in various forms of knowledge as we got it today, has become an important source should be referred to in the study, each according to its requirements, particularly for students of jurisprudence Imami duodenum, even scientists and historians said the sayings with altitude its status, it is what we see in a few right. Finally, the third axis of this chapter we dealt with the book that we have studied and we were able, with God's help come up with all the information arcane detail about him, the reasons for the book Voahtna named and described the nature of his themes and so on. The second chapter, which collected the historical narrative of the three eras, the pre - Islamic era and the message finally caliphate and the reason for this combination are the requirements of scientific methodology in finding a balance between the chapters of the message. It was the third quarter came under the historical novel of the era of the Umayyad address. And Mr. Murtada Khtmanaha era historical novel, the meaning here Abbasid era... and that was a title for the fourth quarter and last. And we finished our study to prove and install a number of findings that resulted during our trip school with these wonderful and personal meditation in his book (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces), which is also known Balomala... All of this was under Conclusion address. In conclusion, we ask God Almighty to have been successful for the completion of this message and to gain satisfaction and satisfaction of Muhammad and the pure satisfaction of our Lord Sharif al - Murtaza (Jerusalem secret); and finally satisfaction of my professors Distinguished members of the defense committee, which Sevadon the views and perspectives of scientific view and that will fill some of the gaps that scientific effort, which would make it more scientific and sedate. Vdzahm God and the people of prophecy House (peace be upon them), the best penalty box. The penalty for them is to pray for them Bmofiqih safety and security for themselves and their beloved Iraq. Peace, mercy and blessings of God.
Summary:
References:

جريدة الزمان وموقفها من التطورات السياسية الداخلية في العراق (1945 - 1958) : دراسة تاريخية == Al - Zaman Newspaper And It'S Attitude Towards The Internal Political Developments In Iraq 1945 - 1958 Historical Study

Author name: بشار نعيم علي
Supervisor name: كريم مراد عاتي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The press is still one of the most important means of codification of historical events , because of its importance in the recording and analysis of political positions , especially the events in Iraq after World War II, which saw significant political developments and bitter struggle continued until 1958 to acquire power. And the importance of these events prompted us the essential need to study and learn the opinion of independent civil journalism, of those developments and conflicts. The choice of the newspaper Al - Zaman for the study being published in one of Baghdad's local newspapers that do not belong to any political party , they do not represent any religious component or a class , as well as being a successful Iraqi newspapers, and The complexity of the topics addressed by the Gazette and plentiful and diverse , require limited study on the domestic political front in Iraq between ( 1945 - 1958 ). The message material distributed according to its requirements to the front and four chapters and an epilogue , we addressed in the first chapter : the founding of the newspaper Al - Zaman and factors of intellectual and administrative composition, the process of issuance and follow us sustain and even went through the social , cultural and political composition of the editorial board of the newspaper starting his concession Tawfiq Sam'ani to her through to other editors, then he continued in order to learn their language and the printing press and news sources , classify and structure until the stoppage. Chapter II focused on the study of the position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political developments ( 1945 - January 6, 1949 ). Chapter III continued position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political events during the period (1949 - January 29, 1953 ). The fourth chapter is devoted to the study of the position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political developments between (1953 - 1958). The newspaper Al - Zaman at the forefront of newspapers that called for the resurrection of democratic life and called for constitutional freedoms, and the establishment of political parties , and defended freedom of the press and called for reform of laws that restrict freedom of expression , as noted in many of her articles about the poor condition of the country and the deterioration of its situation, it became pregnant Gazette political responsibility for that degradation. The position of the newspaper Al - Zaman was not confined to the inner side, Apple exceeded that and defended the spirit of nationalism and clear all liberal Arab issues, denouncing the colonial policies of domination against the sons of the Arab nation , although it has avoided more often criticize the attitude feeble than those abuses of the Iraqi government, as of We could promise that the technique that helped her not to draw the government's view in the disabled, has given the plan to continue to work , in order not to be counted among the left - wing opposition newspapers authority. We have proved the newspaper through her articles that it was successful in many of the conclusions that have already got, probably stems from the strength of the culture of the board of writers and editors, who were followers good events, and sustained in the supplement and enrich the numbers Gazette comprehensive information , which came to analyze events and the statement causes. It is also the integrity and its national curriculum confirmed through the nobility of intellectual, political, social and economic purpose, which is drawn on the number of pages, since those ends showed through national and pan constructive articles, which are outlined in a lot of national positions, particularly oil issues and attempts nationalized
Summary:
References:

المرويات التاريخية عن العراق وبلاد الشام في كتاب تاريخ حوادث الزمان وانبائه ووفيات الاكابر والاعيان من ابنائه لابن الجزري المتوفى (738هـ/1338م) == Historical Texts About Iraq And Syria From Tarikh Hawadith Al - Zaman Wa - Anba,Uhu Wa - Wafayat Al - Akabir Wa - Al - A'Yan Min Abn,Ihi By Ibn Al - Ja (738 AH/1338 Ad

Author name: ايمان عبد الجبار محمود التميمي
Supervisor name: مشتاق كاظم عاكول المياحي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In the light of exposing historical relates mentioned by (Ibn Al - Jazri), the study gets to a number of matters : 1 - The Book of (Tarikh Hawadith Al - Zaman) known as the history of (Ibn Al - Jazri) died in (739AH - 1339AD) is our study case. This book is an important since it includes a historical period concerned with different sides of life under Mamalik political era including the religious, social and economic sides. Besides, the book concerned with deaths and was as a witness for aspects of that life. The book presented news that might not be found in other historians.2 - The book exposes accurate details about political and military (Damascus), whereof (Ibn Al - Jazri) talked about the death of Sultan (Sayf Al - Din Qilawin) and how his son Sultan (Khalil) was killed. Accordingly, his brother Sultan (Al - Nair Muhammad) ascended the throne. The book frequently talked about the throne forcibly taken from Sultan (Nasir), but he got it back and remained in the throne until his death. The book also talked about great achievements occurred during the era of Sultan (Al - Nasir), wherein (Ibn Al - Jazri) spent most of life, together with achievements Sultan fulfilled in neighboring cities.3 - The book talked about absolute authority Sultan ( Al - Nasir) gave it to the prince of Sham (Tankaz Bin Abdullah Al - Hussami) whose rein characterized with stability and security for the people due to economic achievements including lands reform, building , water , taxes reduce and other achievements. It has been indicated through our reading these events , that Bilad Al - Sham was economically prosperous via the agriculture that gave it a very prominent geographical site since it was located near the mountain of (Qasyun) and near the rivers. Moreover, there prevailed industry, office of taxes and internal and external trade prosperity as to encourage Sultans to do more.4 - The book depicted life of the people, along with their happiness, traditions, social, national and religious ceremonies. Ibn Al - Jazri talked about social appearances for Ruling family as Sultans and princes ( their daughters marriage or marriage of one of them in addition to luxury. (Ibn Al - Jazri) also concerned with religious and national ceremonies for other people ( non - Muslims) lived side by side with Muslims in Damascus. 5 - The book exposes all religious and cultural sides during Mamluki era through establishing schools , mosques and appointing efficient teachers, judges ( with all religious references) who were living in Damascus. The book concerned with the prominent men's religious ceremonies. Hence the book was a real mirror to expose cynicism in BiladAl - Sham and it mentioned the most prominent figures of cynicism in Bilad Al - Sham at that time. 6 - Despite the author concerned with the history of Bilad Al - Sham, Egypt extremely,but he did not confine himself at this point , rather he exceeded to include news of other neighboring countries just like Iraq ,Yemen and others as India, Habasha and Binghal. 7 - The historical subject included in this book being mostly regarded as an accurate one, sometime, the author tends to summarize the details, depending on the sources.8 - The book did not depend only on observations of (Ibn Al - Jazri), but it exceeded that by depending on his interviews and his relations with Shaykhs and talks delivered to him from his father, his uncles and his relatives.9 - The book mentioned wonders and strangers and some jokes happened in the city of (Ibn Jazri) (Damascus) or received news from other countries via sources he relied on in his book. The book also included simple colloquial words of his city (Damascus).10 - The book included poetry, poems and recitations which (Ibn Al - Jazri) organized about prominent figures in addition to other tales recited to him by prominent figures about their life. Thus, the book has considered as a literary one since it includes names of books and volumes. It is worthy to be mentioned that the author translated in it (the book) for himself, for his sons, for his brothers and for his relatives. Despite a lot of writers wrote about him (Ibn Al - Jazri), but their details were simple and abridged exceeding not more than few lines, even if they were contemporary with him or were directly contacting with him.
Summary:
References:

حسين جميل ودوره السياسي في العراق 1954 - 1968 == Hussein Jameel And His Political Role In Iraq (1954 - 1968)

Author name: اية جميل عباس محمد
Supervisor name: جمعة عليوي فرحان الخفاجي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of famous characters is a very important issue, because through them we can know the facts and the events that they contemporaries and of which contributed significantly in shaping and formulating the events at that time. The contemporary history of Iraq had witnessed the emerging of a number of very important characters and among them Hussein Jameel.The title of this study is "Hussein Jameel and His Political Role in Iraq 1954 - 1968". Hussein Jameel led the Democratic Movement in Iraq, and combined in his personality : the lawyer, the political, the thinker and the writer. He devoted his life to the project of renaissance based on the rule of the law and the human rights. This thesis is a complementary to another one, which studied Hussein's jameel character since his birth 1908 until 1954. It has been divided into : Introduction, Preface, Three Chapters and a conclusion. The Preface has dealt with a brief summary of his personal life.Chapter one has highlighted his activities and his political attitudes in between 1954 - 1958. He participated in establishing the National Congress Party 1956. This chapter also presents Hussein's Jameel apposed attitudes towards Baghdad alliance, and his attitudes towards the most important Arab issues such as : the Palestinian and the Algerian issues, and the tripartite aggression against Egypt. He supported all the Arab issues financially and morally, and he had connections with the organization of the Free Officers "Al - thubat Al - ahrar". He was also a liaison between President Gamal Abdel Nasser and Lawyer Union, in which he had became the Head President 1953 - 1957, and after that he was chosen as the General - which he defended the lawyers' rights and participated in several conferences which were devoted to develop the reality of the unions in the Arab land, pursuing and supporting the Arab issues.Chapter two had handled the drafting of Hussein's Jameel to the Interim Iraqi Constitution in 1958, after the 14th of July Revolution in 1958; which organized the working system of the state during the transition period. Then he became the Iraqi ambassador in India and worked on closer ties between the two sides. After that he became the Minister of Guidance for two days only due to the divergence of views between him and Abdul Karim Kawwem. Later he became the Iraqi ambassador in Tehran and sought to improve the strained relations between the two countries. Finally he resigned from his position at late and get back to work with the party as it had been allowed for political parties in 1960 to practice their activity. He participated in the establishment of the National Democratic Party, which collapsed in 1961 because of the disagreement between its members, especially between Muhammad Haded and Kamil Al - Jadraji, then the dispute between Hussein Jameel and Kamil Al - Jadraji. During that duration he wrote many articles in the newspaper "Al - Ahaly" which was the mouthpiece of the National Democratic Party, and contributed to the drafting of the military supreme law court.Chapter three touched on his contribution to the formulation of the National Council for the leadership of the Revolution and his supported position to the Kurdish issue. He participated in the negotiations with the Kurdish delegation in 1963. During the sixties of the last century he raised several memorandums to the ministers' leaders as a result of the deterioration of the political, economical and social situations in the country. He demanded for the need of reforming the situations in the country and working on the changing of the style of the governance system, as he emphasized on the need to base the government system on popularity and mass. He also participated in the meeting of the Republic Palace which was held to resolve the political, economical and social problems. Hussein Jameel had presented many proposals and solutions in order to find the appropriate solution to get out from the crisis, particularly the oil crisis that erupted between Iraq and Syria. Again he emphasized on the need to change the governance system to solve all the other outstanding problems. The thesis also addressed the intellectual production of Hussein Jameel as he wrote many research articles, political books, books on law which enriched the aThe conclusion contained the main findings of which the most important was that Hussein Jameel was a supportive of the Arab states and supporting them in crises, believed in the Democratic Parties work, and this is why he participated in establishing it. He believed in the freedom of thoughts and advocated the human rights in his writings. He was a proficient lawyer, participated in formulating the Iraqi law, worked on developing law as a profession, believed in freedom, approved his skillfulness in the diplomatic carrier and beside all this he had enjoyed the love of everyone. His house, especially after he had got retired from political jobs, was a place visited by the intellectuals and politicians from both inside and outside Iraq. He helped and guided post graduate students by supplying them with useful references and books from his own library. The thesis had adopted a verity of sources, which include documents unpublished and published, books in Arabic language and translated to Arabic, personal notes, journals and magazines in addition to his own writings.Finally we can say that Hussein Jameel was a National figure and one of the leaders of the Democratic Trend in Iraq who defended the human rights and the freedom of thoughts.
Summary:
References:

التنظيمات الادارية في العهد الاخميني (550 - 331 ق.م) == Administrative Organizations In The Achaemenid Period (B.C 331 - 550)

Author name: اسماء جميل راضي
Supervisor name: مهدية فيصل صالح الموسوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In this study The ancient Persian civilization in general. And the Achaemenid civilization in particular Researcher finds Achaemenids that the Kings did not leave written records kept of events that they have experienced. As if to be a glorification of victories or listed the battles they have fought. As well as any mention not up to us the sequence of historical events prepared by scholars and scribes of the royal court by order of any king of kings, the Achaemenids.Especially kings who knew the political wisdom And the efficiency of the state administration, such as King Cyrus II (B.C 530 - 559) and King Darius I (B.C 486 - 521). As they never left only minor administrative records, have been saved in property cupboards indicate that they have succeeded in organizing and managing their empire Therefore, beneficiaries of cultures and peoples systems that bowed under the authority of the Achaemenid Empire. But to say that the existence of such records. It does not mean that prospectors archaeologists were able to provide an archive of the entire administrative nature of the administrative System that the empire.Anumber of reasons, including damage to materials that were used to write it prevented that. And the existence of such records in the capital, PersepolisWas chosen the subject of research in order to identify the nature of the system, which make that a cohesive empire for two centuries (B.C 331 - 550).Before getting into the details of the divisions of research has to besaid what was written. By historians who are interested in studying the Iranian civilizations, especially on the subject of administrative regulations in the Achaemenid era which is a scattered research Therefore, I began to search for the character of the administrative system, which has become Case in the political ,entities that developed on the land of Persia Basically Depending on the circumstances of each entity and nature. Therefore, I divide the study into four chapters. With an introduction and an introductory essay and aconclusion.
Summary:
References:

وزارة الزراعة في العراق 1952 - 1963 : دراسة تاريخية == Ministry of Agriculture In Iraq 1952 - 1963

Author name: حسين علي فليح
Supervisor name: علي محمد كريم المشهداني
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Counting on the agricultural sector in most countries of the world especially in third world countries as a source of income and food and essential element in food security. As the agricultural sector occupies a privileged position in Iraq among the various sectors of the economy, as it is the primary source for the provision of food for the population, as well as so that a large proportion of the population working in this sector. Serious attention and did not begin to agriculture and irrigation in Iraq but in 1917 while occupying British forces realized in Iraq, the need for adequate food production for its troops first, and then secondly to the people of the country, creating Accordingly, the agricultural department in 1917 and the other for irrigation in 1918, supervised by officers from the British and the Indians who possess information in the field of irrigation and agriculture. As concerned with the occupation authorities dug some tables and cleared service to the occupation and its policy, and has set up agricultural projects serving the British industry, including the cultivation of cotton, as well as on land Aloqtain distribution. As a result of this policy has remained underdeveloped Iraqi agriculture as a result of feudalism and heavy taxes. After the formation of the national government in Iraq in 1921 that its owner undergo Iraq the British Mandate, the intention to pay attention to the affairs of Irrigation and Agriculture has established a 1922 Department of Agriculture. Then it followed in 1927 written by the Ministry called the Ministry of Irrigation and Agriculture to develop agricultural irrigation reality and take care of things. Despite this were not the Ministry of Irrigation and Agriculture in that period since its inception incapable to fulfill all the duties that are expected to perform, and that the small allocations and the lack of technical staff as well as the impact of the global economic crisis on the Iraqi economy, prompting the government to repeal the 1930 and convert its departments to the Ministry of Works and Transport. Faced with this situation the Iraqi government went in 1950 to revive the economic situation after the allocation of a percentage of the oil revenues to put development plans in the country, creating the Council of reconstruction in 1951 and introduced the Ministry of Agriculture in 1952, and by the Board of reconstruction began and in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture to implement many projects in the field of agriculture, and other projects for flood control project Jabber, Dukan and so on. But the manner in which the Council of reconstruction in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture in planning for these projects did not consider the agricultural sector in Iraq comprehensive overview total but partial view is integrated, in turn led to the failure of this policy reasons, including, inadequate agricultural policy painted, and the lack of an economic plan developmental, and resist all agricultural reform and renewal, and so feudalism has remained dominant on large agricultural estates, which has increased the suffering of the people of the countryside who continued their migration to the cities and large numbers, particularly from southern Iraq. After the revolution of July 14, 1958 and the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the republican system, initiated by the Government of the Revolution put a new policy aimed at the development of the agricultural sector was the most important legislation Law No. 30 of 1958 (Agrarian Reform) which was the first serious attempt to end the control Alaqtain and landlords on agricultural land in Iraq, as it has been large tracts distributed to the peasants in order to invest and take advantage of their experience, but this law has not succeeded in changing the productivity of agricultural relations, the fact that this law has kept other means Kalmdkhat, machinery and agricultural machinery and other production, however, feudal and senior rich countryside, prompting the farmer to use them and to undergo chains of new, as well as the law so that this new burdens on farmers has added prevented them from continuing in the agricultural production processes, as law enforcement rather financially cultivated land to the peasants, which led to the continued migration from the countryside to the city and Bora leave the land without agricultural exploitation, due to the weak financial possibilities for most farmers, as well as their inability to provide agricultural production requirements. Moreover, developed the revolutionary government legislative foundations and procedural new policy ages in Iraq after the abolition of ages Council in 1959, is to configure your economic and Platform includes government sectors and civil, through authoring a central body to coordinate the plans of the various ministries in the light of the objectives planned, with the adoption of appropriate plans in order to develop the country's natural resources through the establishment of a efficient and centralized economic planning commensurate with the special conditions in Iraq, based on the separation between planning and implementation based on so - called "Economic Planning Council", which began in turn develop economic plans Iraq was the first interim years (1959 - 1961), aims mainly to filter and repair bad situation left by the ages and the Ministry of Development Board, and the most prominent objectives, complete projects initiated its implementation has not been completed, and re - examine the questionable projects in the health study and determine the years implemented as The plan also aimed to achieve as much as possible for the operation of labor, and to encourage the private sector to invest its capital in the plan projects, and raising the standard of living and re - distribution of national income, regardless of oil revenues, and lay the foundations of economic independence, by freeing it from economic dependence on the one hand, and edit of subservience to the product Prime One is oil, on the other hand, by diversifying the pillars of the economy the largest possible size in the fields of industry, agriculture, investment, and this plan issued by the Ministry of Planning under the temporary economic plan Law No. (181) for the year 1959, then proceeded to the Government of the revolution in the eighteenth of October 1961 detailed economic plan for the years (1961 - 1965) under the detailed economic plan Law No. (70) for the year 1961 have been completed and the Ministry of Agriculture, through the work of the Economic Planning Board, and in accordance with the set plans a lot of projects in the field of agriculture and irrigation, as well as the expansion and completion of projects already Development Board dissolved the established but has not been completed because of the fourteenth of July 1958 revolution, the most important of the completion of dam Derbent Khan project and dam construction molasses in the north of the country, was the work of this Council and plans drawn him continued until coup February 8, 1963 and topple the government Abdel - Karim Kassem in Iraq.
Summary:
References:

النظام السياسي في ليبيا (1949 - 1963) == The Politico System In Libya 1949 - 1963

Author name: ياسر وارد فرحان الحمداني
Supervisor name: ظاهر محمد صكر الحسناوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Underwent Libya Ottoman control for the second time in 1835 and lasted control until 1911, during which he applied the new Ottoman laws after its movement reforms, and has appointed Wally Usmani manages all operational matters in the state, and is assiste
Summary:
References:

المجالس العرفية العسكرية في العراق 14 تموز 1958 - 8 شباط 1963 == The Councils Customary Military In Iraq 14 July 1958 - 8 February 1963 A.D

Author name: وئام مجيد عبد الله عبد الرحمن
Supervisor name: ظاهر محمد صكر الحسناوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Formed Revolution July 14, 1958 an important event in the life and history of the Iraqi people, because they changed the system of government from a monarchy to a republican system, which is a quantum leap and a radical change in the political process, wh
Summary:
References:

دور متصوفة غرناطة في الحياة السياسية والدينية (635 - 897 هـ / 1237 - 1492 م) == The Role of Granad Sofisits In The Political And Religious Life 635 - 897 A.H. / 1237 - 1492 A.D.

Author name: مهى عداي سلمان
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: امتاز متصوفة غرناطة عن سلفهم بتعدد اسهاماتهم في الحضارة الاندلسية حتى تركوا بصمة واضحة في تاريخ المملكة فازداد نفوذهم، فغدا الفرد منهم نموذج في المجتمع في تلك الحقبة.1 - اظهار دور المتصوفة الجهادي من خلال قيادة المعارك ضد الاسبان، وشحذ الهمم والتقدم في | Granada contemplatives characterized on their successors with their various Andalusia civilization till left a clear sign in the history of Kingdom, then their power increased and the individual becomes a sample in the society at that period. 1 - Appeari
Summary:
References:
1 ... 48 49 50 51 52 ... 116