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الشفاعة والاستعطاف في شعر العصر الاسلامي : دراسة موضوعية فنية

Author name: فاطمة سعد دواس
Supervisor name: محمد فليح حسن الجبوري
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

الخطاب الشعري للشريف الرضي بين الانا والاخر == Al Sharif Alradhis' Poetic Speech Between The Ego And The Other

Author name: عادل ياسر كاظم الركابي
Supervisor name: ستار جبار رزيج
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This study is an attempt to extrapolate the poetic discourse of , Sharif alRedhi between the ego and the other Based on the concept of discourse as a modern linguistic studies secretions. this term has take a long range in these studies and in other areas oflife and became the term of speech in recent time a common term , but it branched , and had many paths , and different concepts so that finding it and selecting it became difficult , so the speech became used widely among critics and researchers , and became with different concepts , and became expressing many things in multiple areas and within all disciplines , poetic art has specific speech and aims to deliver its intended message , as well as a lot of other arts.the field of the ego and the other was taken from the side poetic speech of poet and his overall intentions , whether political , social or religious ,the researcher wanted to observe these phenomena in the poets books , and criticism books that dealt with the speech of poetry in general , the reliability of the researcher to interrogate the poetic texts , taking advantage from the language of the text itself, and understand it , or special perceive by interpretation , to read the text and thinking in it and insight into the depths and disclosure of its connotations , so the research methodology came spread over three chapters preceded by a preface, followed by a conclusion so we reached to a set of results that emerged from the study , including : 1 The political speech of alradhi is characterized by style which is convincing , which is intended to a commercial reaching function that cannot leave him under any circumstances , a coherent build is taken from article ideology of special technical owned by alredhi which has excitement spirited by using rhetorical mechanisms.2 his frequent use of the exciting words in his speech, was from his mental interactions experienced at the beginning of his childhood to his youth , and what he suffered of pain of need for his ambitions.those words represent tone raised in his poetic speeches pictured his illusions as champion in the battles waged in his imagination , seeming as negatively center he paid intention around so that his art became not realistic.3 his sense of himself led to making his own identity based on differentiation from others. his own conscious and passion and safe ideas led to consciousness by being different from others and a preferring himself, and its superiority over the others in one hand , and on having the principles of harmony , cohesion and synergy with the others including consistent and satisfy himself and save psychological tension , but here we can not only to be satisfied with such results , asking the Almighty to guide us.the researcher

اساليـب الطلب فـــي ديوان الشيخ عبد الحميد السماوي : دراسة دلالية تداولية == Methods Of Request In The Diwan Of Sheikh Abdul - Hameed Al - Samawi : Grammatical Semantic Study

Author name: حمد عدل ناصر الغانمي
Supervisor name: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي | محمود عبد اللامي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: وقد اقتضت طبيعة البحث تقسيمه على تمهيد وثلاثة فصول متبوعة بخاتمة, اما : التمهيد فقد خصص لدراسة الكلام والانشاء الطلبي. واما الفصول فقد جاءت مقسمة على ثلاثة فصول, مبتدءة بالفصل الاول الذي تناولت فيه اسلوبي الامر والنهي. واما الفصل الثاني, | (Methods of Request in the Diwan of Sheikh Abdul - Hameed Al - Samawi : Grammatical Semantic Study)In the name of Allah, the most compassionate, the most MercifulThanks to Allah, peace and blessing be upon the master of all mankind and his rightly guided progeny and peace be upon their followers until the Day of Judgment.The nature of the research has necessitated dividing it into a prologue, four chapters followed by a conclusion. The prologue has been allocated to study the poet biography; as this study is the first dealing with his works. The research has been divided into four chapters; the first of which has dealt with three concepts : speech, Composition and request, for two reasons; the first is that the reference of the methods of request are those three concepts, and the other reason is that this research is meant to keep pace with modern linguistic studies, particularly the deliberation theory. The second chapter which has studied the two modes - commands and interdictions - is divided into three sections; the first section has dealt with the command linguistically and idiomatically as well as its indication of time. The second section has addressed the forms referring to the commands which have been dealt with in the diwan. The third section has discussed the necessitating functions of the command mode. Chapter three has been allocated for interrogation methods and divided into two sections beginning with a preface dealing with interrogation linguistically and idiomatically, while the first section has addressed interrogation particles according to their occurrences in the diwan and they are classified as particles and nouns. The third section has studied the necessitating functions of the interrogation mode. The fourth chapter entitled (other methods namely the vocative, optative, hoping, offering and urging cases), has been divided into three sections : the first has dealt with vocative mode (nature, particles, and object). The second section has dealt with the necessitating functions of the vocative. The third chapter has been allocated for (optative, hoping, proposing and urging) cases. The chapters of the research are completed with its conclusion and findings, the most important of which are : 1 - Al - Samawi's diwan includes the main original and necessitating methods of request such as commanding, praying, appealing and etc.2 - The poet took too much care of the feminine addressing in his use of the command mode , which means that he take on this mode for its efficacy in influencing society more than the confrontation mode; also, he used it when sensing pain and bitterness for what he saw of the community situation.3 - The research has proven the need to differentiate between the verb of command as an act of the speaker, which is associated with the present time, and whose significance occurs at its saying, and the compliance phase with which the verb deviates from the command implication.

الخلود في شعر عبد الحميد السماوي == Eternity In The Poetry Of Abdul Hamid Al - Samawi

Author name: اساور ناجي حسين صالح الحسناوي
Supervisor name: محمد فليح حسن الجبوري
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: We have chosen the term "eternity" in the poetry of Abdul Hamid Al - Samawi because of the indications of awareness of eternity it carries and the way of employing it, in addition to the role it plays in engineering the text : a process which is considered one of the most important streams of the poetical experience of the creative person whie it is on the threshold of producing a new text. The nature of the topic has required that it be divided up into a preface and two parts preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion containing most of the findings arrived at Finally, a list of references has been added.I have followed in my research the inductive descriptive approach.The preface has been given the title" Eternity between Philosophy and Poetry", while the first part has been devoted to the" Objective Study". As for the second part ,it has been devoted to keeping an eye on the artistic factors by mean of the tools of the aesthetic molding.The research has arrived at the following findings : *It has become clear the Al - Samwi's poetry has mixed between imitation and innovation at the same time. That is to say, his collection of poetry has included the traditional topics and the modernized ones which appeared in modern Arabic poetry. It has become clear that the subject of "eternity" was conspicuous.*It has become clear that the main motive behind composing poetry was the society in general and the Samawa environment in particular. This is considered one of the most important outside attitudes to which the motive responds. The influence of the environment has been apparent in Al - Samawi's poetry as a result of how he viewed it. The influence of religious occasions has been also clear which has made the poet long for contemplating the landmarks of eternity as represented in Ahlul Bayt(AS) lofty edifices.The third motive has been represented in in Al - Samawi's pondering over life and death.Life in all its troubles and pains imposes on him pains and sufferings which makes him criticize its leisure. He has ,therefore, kept a close eye on all its manifestations. As for his pondering over death, the poet launches into mentioning death prolonging contemplating it. He has also expressed his delight upon seeing graves and casted long looks on them. He has also pondered over universe and existence.His existential concern has been clear which was its main motive to think of the other world and the eternal rest.*It has become clear that Al - Samawi's has penetrated the language looking into it as deep as his emotions using its styles in line with what he deems convenient for his psyche and doctrine. He reclines once on the eternity expressions of the heritage while in other times uses simple expressions , but the language of eternity which has taken a distinctive feature is the easy and simple language. His poetic lexicon has been characterized by the domination of the eternity expressions and their derivatives. They are considered the most dominant expressions over the poet's vision. Through these dominating expressions , he has been able to express cases struggling in his mind whether in reality or in imagination.*It has been apparent that Al - Samawi made manifested the linguistic structure in the poetry of eternity in more than one meaning as deemed convenient according to his poetic experience. The poet , therefore, has subjected for this purpose expression and constructions which he thinks they can achieve this objective. These style have varied and they have been controlled by his poetic feelings and emotions.*Al - Samawi has adopted the traditional criteria in the metrical structure of his poem. Examining carefully and employing the Arabic metres , he has revealed to us the intensity of his use to specific metres as used by ancient poets such as the metres of the Kamil, Tawil, Khafif, and Basit. He has intentionally resorted to metres diversity in texts where homogeneous and heterogeneous metres are used for the sake of waving movements among feet. As for rhyme, it looked as though it were a rich multidimensional sonorant action which has contributing to granting the text sobriety and stability.in addition to shedding light on the semantic dimension of texts.*The internal music for the poetry of eternity has reflected in alliteration and bringing the reare to the fore to express what Al - Samawi feels of. it has also been found that he resorts to repetition in its being one of the styles of expression. The poet had recourse to creating his own internal music through repeating a group of sounds which have a specific type of phonetic characteristics. He has repeated letters, utterances and constructions to perfect the meaning and fix it alongside phonetic effects to achieve musical harmony.*Al - Samawi has found in the Glorious Quran an inexhaustible fountain of meanings and utterances which have been absorbed by his mind and filled the depths of his soul. So, he started to drink of this sweet fountain living with the verses of eternity to such an extent that his texts were formation of many texts rephrased to meet his poetic attitude and vision.*The role of the religious symbol in the poetry of eternity has become apparent and the most outstanding symbol has been that of religious and historical heritage. The poet has been in the habit of recalling his immortal religious characters whichreflects his feeling that such characters were of great richness especially when we take into consideration that his look is in accordance with his psyche and poetic experience ; thus he has cared a lot for his doctrinal thought which formed later on a discourse specific to him in order to achieve cohesion between his experience and the symbol of eternity because he has expressed what he has inside himself by means of subjective motives.*The study has revealed the domination of personification in an imaginative context adopted by the poet in more than one poetic image. This personification has emanated from the passion and psyche of the poet. Imagination has extended over a huge space as regards his depictions especially after he has made the inanimate possess the qualities of the human being which has made the recipient understand and grasp the meaning more clearly ; hence the poet has been able to construct a multitude of new unrelated depictions.

التناص القراني في نهج البلاغة : الخلق مثالا == Intertextuality Between The Quran And Nahj Alblaghah Creating - Sample

Author name: زينب ساطع عباس
Supervisor name: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This research "Quotation Nahj Alblaghah from holly Qur'an - Creature as sample - " discusses four subjects; holly Qur'an, Nahj Alblaghah of Imam Ali (AS), the intersexuality and the creation. At first, it discusses the concept of intersexuality trying to a

دور نواب لواء العمارة في مجلس النواب العراقي 1939 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية == The Role Of Vice architecture brigade in the Iraqi Council of Representatives1925 - 1958 Historical Stud

Author name: رنا عاصي نعيمة
Supervisor name: عبد الاله بدر علي الاسدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Summary:
References:

ادوارد سعيد سيرته واثاره الفكرية والسياسية 1935 - 2003 : دراسة تاريخية == Edward sa'ied is biography and provoked , political intellectual 1935 - 2003 Historical study

Author name: ماجد عبد الزهرة عمران
Supervisor name: غانم نجيب عباس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Summary:
References:

العلاقات السياسية السعودية الاماراتية 1971 - 1981 == The Saudi - Emirates Political Relationship (1971 - 1981)

Author name: زهراء حسين خضير
Supervisor name: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Summary:
References:

الشيخ محمد طاهر الفضلي السماوي حياته واثاره 1876 - 1950م : دراسة تاريخية == AL - shaykh Muhammad Tahir AL - Samawi His biography and imprints (1876 - 1950 ) A hiisttoriicall sttudy

Author name: ياسر عبد عكال الزيادي
Supervisor name: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Summary:
References:

تاثير الاسمدة وعــوامل المكافحة الاحيائية في مؤشــــرات نمــــو نبات البطاطا Solanum tubersum L. واهميتها في مقاومة الفطر Rhizoctonia solani == Effect of fertilizers and bioagent factors in growth parameters of Solanum tubersum L. plants and their impact on resistance to Rhizoctonia solani

Author name: علي فرج جبير الزريجاوي
Supervisor name: صباح لطيف علوان | فلاح حسن عيسى
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Production
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت التجارب المختبرية لهذه الدراسة في مختبرات كلية الزراعة / جامعة المثنى والتجارب الحقلية في منطقة النجمي الواقعة شمال شرق مدينة السماوة خلال موسم النمو 2013 - 2014 ، وتضمنت هذه الدراسة محورين : المحور الاول : التجارب المختبرية هدفت هذه التجارب الى تصنيع سماد عضوي مخصب ، باستعمال عوامل المقاومة الاحيائية لتخصيب السماد العضوي والسيطرة على الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani المسبب لمرض القشرة السوداء على البطاطا . اظهرت جميع عوامل المكافحة الاحيائية كفائتها التضادية مع الفطر الممرض عند اجراء التجارب المختبرية حيث كانت درجة التضاد من 2 - 1 ماعدا الفطر Aspergillus niger فقد كانت درجة التضاد 2.25 حسب مقياس ( Bell ) ، واظهرت ايضا كفائتها في زيادة نسبة الانبات في بذور الفجل . المحور الثاني ويشمل : التجارب الحقلية التي هدفت الى اختبار تاثير الاسمدة العضوية وعوامل المقاومة الاحيائية والتداخل بينها على الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani وبعض معايير نمو وانتاجية البطاطا صنف سانتا ذات الرتبة A للموسم الخريفي. تمت الزراعة في 15 ايلول لعام 2013 ولغاية 15/ 1 / 2014 وصنف اريزونا ذات الرتبة Elite للموسم الربيعي . تمت الزراعة في28 كانون الثاني لعام 2014 ولغاية 3/ 5 / 2014 . ويمكن تلخيص النتائج بما يلي : الموسم الخريفي تضمن 24 معاملة استخدمت فيها توليفات مختلفة من السماد الحيواني والسماد الخليط والسماد الكيميائي مع عوامل المقاومة الاحيائية وبدون سماد (كمعاملة سيطرة )، جميعها مع الفطر الممرض ، لتقيم تاثيرها على معايير نمو النبات، فقد اعطت معاملة التسميد F3 (سماد خليط) اعلى المعدلات في ( نسبة البزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا ، محتوى الدرنات من النيتروجين) حيث بلغت (82.4 % ، 97.4 دسم2 ، 737.5 غم/ نبات ، 11.81 % ، 22.47 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة F0 (تربة بدون تسميد) التي اعطت اقل المعدلات ، اذ بلغت (68.5 % ، 69.9 دسم2 ، 518.1 غم/ نبات ، 10.56 % ، 12.60 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي . واظهرت النتائج ايضا تاثيرا واضحا لعوامل المكافحة الاحيائية ، فقد تفوقت المعاملة P5 (الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani+(Trichoderma harzianum +Pseudomonas fluorescens + (Aspergillus niger في صفات المجموع الخضري والصفات الكمية والنوعية للنبات ( نسبة البزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا ، محتوى الدرنات من النيتروجين) ، اذ اعطت معدلات بلغت (86.1 % ، 98.5 دسم2 ، 718.8 غم / نبات ،12.31 %، 24.98 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي ، قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة P1 (الفطر الممرض R.s. فقط ) التي اعطت اقل المعدلات ، اذ بلغت (59.7 % ، 66.3 دسم2 ، 521.9 غم / نبات،9.77 %، 11.90 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي.اما نتائج الموسم الربيعي والذي تضمن 12 معاملة استخدمت فيها توليفة السماد الخليط مع عوامل المقاومة الاحيائية وبدون سماد (كمعاملة سيطرة )، جميعها مع الفطر الممرض ، فقد اظهرت معاملة التسميد F1 (سماد خليط) تفوقا واضح في صفات النمو الخضري والصفات الكمية والنوعية للنبات ، اذ اعطت اعلى معدلات في ( النسبة المئوية للبزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا) حيث بلغت (92.6 % ، 109.2 دسم2 ،794.4 غم / نبات ، 12.32 %) على التوالي قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة F0 (تربة بدون تسميد) ، اذ بلغت (81.5 % ، 78.3 دسم2 ، 615.7 غم / نبات ،11.41 % ) على التوالي . واظهرت النتائج ايضا تاثيرا واضحا لعوامل المكافحة الاحيائية فقد تفوقت المعاملة P5 (الفطر الممرض R.s. + (A.n. +P.f. + T.h.) ) في صفات النمو الخضري والصفات الكمية والنوعية للنبات ، اذ اعطت اعلى المعدلات في ( النسبة المئوية للبزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا) اعلى المعدلات بلغت ( 97.2 % ، 117.6 دسم2 ،816.7 غم/ نبات ، 13.45 %) على التوالي قياسا بالمقارنة P1 (الفطر الممرض R.s. فقط ) والتي اعطت معدلات بلغت ( 72.2 % ، 71.1 دسم2 ،579.2 غم/ نبات ،9.90 %)على التوالي . اظهر السماد العضوي المخصب الذي تم تصنيعة كفاءة في انبات بذور ونمو بادرات نبات الفجل المختبرة ، حيث اعطت المعاملة T6 ( تربة + سماد خليط + R.s. + (A.n. +P.f. + T.h.)) تفوقا واضحا في النسبة المئوية للانبات ، طول البادرة ، الوزن البادرة الطري ، حيوية البذور ،اذ بلغت (90 % ، 11.2 سم ، 0.9 غم ، 1011) مقارنة مع معاملة T2 ( تربة + سماد خليط + R.s.) ، التي لم تعطي اي نسبة انبات . وبذلك يعتبر السماد المصنع قابل للاستخدام لمدة اكثر من سنة حسب نتيجة التجربة . | This study was conducted at labrotories college of Agriculture / Al - Muthanna Uni. and experiment filed condition in Al - Najme location in the North east Al - Samawa city during 2013 - 2014 growth season.This study included tow categories or parts : The first category includes the manfacture of organic fertilizers enriched , by using bio control agents to organic fertilizer and control the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani that causes black crust on Potatoes.The bio control agents showed high antagonistic efficiency with fungus in labrotory experiments and the degree of antagonism ranged from 1 - 2 while the fungus A.niger was 2.25 according to the degree beivs scale (Bell) , as well as its efficiency in increasing the percentage of germination of radish seed.The second category aimed to study the effect of organic fertilizers ( cow manure , chemical fertilizer and control treatment ) and bio control agents alone and in combination on the growth and yield of Solanum tuberosum L. c.v. Santa class A , during 15 September 2013 to 15 December 2014 and Arizona class Elite , during 28 December 2014 to 3 May 2014. The results during the fall season were summarized as fllows : The field experiment included 24 treatment were used various combinations of cow manure and compost and chemical fertilizers with the bio control agents and without fertilizer (as control treatment), all of them with the pathogenic fungus, to assess their impact on plant growth standards, has given , the treatment F3 (compost fertilizer) showed significant superiority in (field emergence , leaf area , holds per plant , , starch percentage % , nitrogen content of tubers ) rached (82.4% , 97.4 dsm2, 737.5 g , 11.81% , 22.47 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively, compared to the treatment control F0 (soil without fertilization) that gave the lowest rates, reaching (68.5%, 69.9 dsm2, 518.1 g , 10.56% , 12.60 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively. The results Showes that significant effect when use bio control agents , the treatment P5 (pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani+ (Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens + Aspergillus niger )) significantly in each vegetative growth and the qualitative and quantitative of the plant , was superior (emergence ratio , leaf area, holds per plant , ,% starch percentage , nitrogen content of tubers ), reached (86.1% , 98.5 dsm2, 718.8 g / plant , 12.31% , 24.98 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively, as compared to control treatment P1 (pathogenic fungus R.s. only) which gave the lowest rates, reaching (59.7% , 66.3 dsm2, 521.9 g / plant , 9.77 % , 11.90 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively. The results of the Spring season , which included 12 treatmens used where a combination of compost with the bio control agents and without fertilizer (as control treatment), all of them with the pathogenic fungus, has shown the treatment fertilization F1 (compost fertilizer) edge clear in recipes vegetative growth and attributes of quantity and quality of the plant , as given higher rates (the ratio of emergence field , leaf area , holds per plant ,% starch percentage) , reached (92.6%, 109.2 dsm2, 794.4 g / plant , 12.32% ) as compared to the treatment control F0 (soil without fertilization), reached (81.5% , 78.3 dsm2, 615.7 g / plant , 11.41% ), respectively. Results of Showes significant superiority the treatment P5 (pathogenic fungus R.s. + (A.n. + P.f. + T.h.)) in characters vegetative growth and the qualitative and quantitative of the plant , as given in recipes shoot (percentage emergence ratio of field, the number of stems, plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, dry weight of shoots) reached (97.2% , 117.6 dsm2, 816.7 g / plant , 13.45% ), respectively, compared with P1 (pathogenic fungus R.s. only) reached (72.2% , 71.1 dsm2, 579.2 g / plant , 9.90% ), respectively. The compost - enriched, was superior in radish seed germination and growth as wells as , the treatment T6 (soil + F.c. + R.s. + (A.n. + P.f. + T.h.)) was superior significant in germination percentage , length of gesture, weight gesture and seed viability, reaching (90 %, 11.2 cm, 0.9 g , 1011) compared with treatment T2 (soil + F.c. + R.s.), which did not give any germination percentage. and so is the fertilizer factory unusable for more than a year as a result of the experiment.

تقييم كفاءة بعض المبيدات الاحيائية والطبيعية في مقاومة حفار اوراق الطماطة Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917) (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) تحت الظروف المختبرية والحقلية == Evaluation efficacy of some biological and natural insecticides on the control of Tutaabsoluta(Meyrick 17) in laboratory and green house

Author name: عبد الكريم عبد الحسين سلمان
Supervisor name: نهاد كاظم خلف التميمي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Production
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه االدراسة للفتره 2012 - 2013 لمعرفة تاثير اوراق نبات قرن الغزال Ibicella lutea وبكتريا Bacillus thuringiensis على الادوار المختلفة حشرة حفار اوراق الطماطه Tuta absulotaفي المختبر والحقل. تبين من اجراء التجارب تحت الظروف المختبرية تاثير البكتريا على ادوار الحشره في المختبر تاثيرا معنوبيا حيث حققت العزله B. t.s اقل نسبة تفقيس لبيض الحشرة (25.5%) عند التخفيف 10 - 4 . بينما حققت العتره.k B. t اعلى نسبة قتل لليرقات (76%) عند التخفيف نفسه, وكانت اعلى نسبة القتل للبالغات للعزلة B. t. e حيث وصلت الى 61% عند نفس التخيف. وبينت الدراسة ان لوقت التعرض تاثير معنوي على نسب الهلاك لليرقات والبالغات حيث كانت نسبة الهلاك عند 72 ساعة ( 70.7% لليرقات و48.8% للبالغات) , بينما كانت نسب الهلاك عند 48 ساعة 54.8% لليرقات و36.6% للبالغات اما نسب الهلاك بعد 24 ساعة 41.6% لليرقات و25.9 % للبالغات . اظهرت الدراسة تاثيرا معنويا للمستخلصات المائية (الماء الحار والبارد) على نسبة فقس البيوض فقد كانت النسب 34% و53% للماء البارد عند تركيز 80% . بينمواصلت اعلى نسبة هلاك اليرقات 69% للماء الحار و44.6% للماء البارد عند تركيز 80% في حين كانت اعلى نسبة هلاك للبالغات بالماء الحار 51% والماء البارد 34.3% عند التركيز 80% . كما اثرت المستخلصات الكحولية (الهكسين والايثانول) لاوراق نبات قرن الغزال تاثيرا معنويا على نسبة فقس البيوض حيث كانت اقل نسبة فقس 23.3% باستخدام مستخلص الايثانول و25.5% باستخدام مستخلص الهكسين عند التركيز 80% واظهرت الدراسة ارتفاع في نسبة هلاك اليرقات حيث كانت النسب للايثانول 86.6% والهكسين 51% بينما نسبة هلاك البالغات 49% و42% باستخدام مستخلص الاثانول والهكسين عند تركيز 80%. ومن التحليل الاحصائي لـتاثير فترات التعرض للمستخلصات لم يظهر اي فرق معنوي للتعرض للفترات المختلفة على جميع ادوار الحشرة. من خلال التجارب الحقلية لاستخدام بكتريا B. thuringiensis كعامل مكافحة لادوار الحشرة اثر هذا المبيد الاحيائي تاثيرا معنويا على نسبة فقس بيض الحشرة حيث ان العزلة B.t.i حققت اقل نسبة فقس 27% عند التخفيف 10 - 4 .في حين وصلت نسبة هلاك اليرقات الى 55.7% باستخدام العزلة B.t.a واعطت العزلة B.t.s اعلى نسبة هلاك للبالغات 51% عند نفس التخفيف 10 - 4 . بينت النتائج ان هناك فرق معنوي لفترات تعرض بيوض ويرقات وبالغات الحشرة للبكتريا .وقد اثر استخدام المستخلصات المائية لاوراق نبات قرن الغزال تاثيرا معنويا حيث كانت اقل نسبة فقس للبيض عند استخدام الماء البارد 72% وللماء الحار 44% عند تركيز 80% في حين كانت نسبة الفقس باستخدام مستخلص الايثانول 25.5% وللهكسين31.5% عند التركيز 80% .اما اعلى نسبة هلاك لليرقات بالماء الحار 64% وللماء البارد 57% عند التركيز 80% في حين وصلت اعلى النسب الى 72% عند استخدام مستخلص الايثانول و53% عند استخدام مستخلص الهكسين على التوالي بتركيز 80%. واظهر مستخلص الماء الحار نسبة هلاك للبالغات بلغت 65% في حين وصلت النسبة الى 55% للماء البارد, وبلغت نسب الهلاك باستخدام المستخلصات الكحولية (الهكسين والاثانول) 60% و68% على التوالي عند تركيز 80%.واظهرت النتائج بعدم وجود فروقات معنوية لاوراق نبات قرن الغزال لفترات تعرض مختلفة للمستخلصات كافة وعلى كافة ادوارالحشرة. وبينت الدراسة ان نسب تاثير البكتريواالمستخلصات النباتية كانت اعلى تحت الظروف المختبرية مما هو عليه تحت الظروف الحقلية ولادوار الحشرة كافة . | This study was conducted for the period from 2012 - 2013.The study including demonstrate effect of leaves extracts of Ibicella lutea and Bacillus thuringiensis on a different stages of Tuta absoluta on tomato plants in laboratory and under green house. The result illustrated significance effect of B. thuringiesis on Tuta absoluta eggs, strain B. T. e gave the high effect on decrease eggs hatching, percentage was 25.5 %, in concentration 10 - 4.The effect of killing percentage on larvae was 76% by strain B. T. at the same concentration, While the lethal effect of the B.T.e. on adult insects was 61% at the concentration 10 - 4.The study revealed also there were different effects of the time of inoculation on the lethal percentage of bacteria on the different stages life of insect. The killing percentage was highly after 72 hours of treatment reach up to 70.7% compare of after 24 hours 41.6% to larvae. While on the adults killing percentages were 48.8% , 25.9% during 72 and 24 hours respectively. The results of Ibicella lutea showed that extract gave significance effect on the mortality percentages in different stages of insect. Water extracts by (hot and cold water) affected eggs hatching percentage, we demonstrated 30% and 53% for cold and hot water respectively, while the effect of on larvae killing percentage were 44.6% and 69% and effect in adults were 34.3 and 51 respectively(cold and hot) in concentration 80%.In current study, (ethanol and hexin) for extraction of Ibicella lutea leaves , ethanol has showed strong effect on eggs hatching which decrease the percentage to 23.3% while hexin gave 25.5% in concentration 80%. In the other hand effect of alcoholic extractions on larvae mortality were 86.6% and 51% (ethanol and hexin) while adults deadly percentages were 49 and 42% by ethanol and hexin respectively, all results in concentration 80%.Results also showed that there were no significances effects of the times of inoculations on all stages of insect. In green house, B. thuringiensis proved significance effect on eggs hatching of insects, while the strain B. t. i gave lowest hatching percentage it reached to 27% in concentration of 10 - 4. While the killing percentage on larvae stage was 55.7% by using the strain B. T. a and result on the adults of insect were 51% by strain B. t. s. Results conducted that there were a significances effect of inoculating times of bacteria on different stages of insect failing hatching and mortality percentages of larvae and adults. Ibicella lutea extracts affected in values of Tuta absoluta in the different stages of insect life, so the highly effect was in concentration 80% was showed in case of hot and cold water extracts reveal that there was no significance effect of inoculated times of extract on mortality percentages of insect life stages .We concluded that the effect of bacteria and Ibicella lutea extracts highly in laboratory than in green house because of environments effect in the farm

تاثير نسبة وطور نمو ازالة نباتات محصول زهرة الشمس في صفات النمو والحاصل (Helianthus annuus L.var. flame) == Effect of percentage and growth stage removal of sunflower plants on growth charactars and yield (Helianthus annuus L.var. flame

Author name: علي عبد السادة حول الجياشي
Supervisor name: فيصل محبس الطاهر | يحيى كريـــدي جـــلاب
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Field Crops
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Soil Sciences And Water Resources
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت تجربة حقلية خلال الموسمين الخريفي والربيعي للعامين 2012 و2013, في احد الحقول الزراعية في قضاء الوركاء / محافظة المثنى، وذلك لدراسة قابلية محصول زهرة الشمس على تعويض الحاصل من جراء فقد النباتات. استعملت تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة ( R.C.B.D) بثلاثة مكررات، اذ تضمنت الدراسة اربع نسب لازالة النباتات هي (صفر و25 و50 و75%) في خمسة اطوار لنمو النبات هي : ( = V4طور 4 ورقات) و(V8 = طور 8 ورقات) و(V12 = طور 12 ورقة) و(R1 = طور البرعم الثمري) و(R5 = طور التزهير) .بينت النتائج ان لازالة النباتات تاثيرا معنويا في زيادة صفات النمو (عدد الاوراق وقطر الساق والمساحة الورقية وقطر القرص) ومكونات الحاصل (عدد البذور بالقرص ووزن 1000 بذرة وحاصل النبات الفردي ودليل الحصاد) للموسمين الخريفي والربيعي, وتباينت نتائج الموسمين في صفة حاصل البذور الكلي اذ تفوقت معاملة الازالة 25% باعطائها اعلى متوسط بلغ 3.08 طن.ه - 1, ومن دون فرق معنوي عن معاملة المقارنة للموسم الخريفي, بالمقابل تفوقت معاملة عدم الازالة (المقارنة) في الموسم الربيعي واعطت متوسطا بلغ 1.61 طن.ه - 1 ومن دون فرق معنوي عن معاملة الازالة 25%، وعن نسبة الزيت فقد اعطت معاملة المقارنة اعلى متوسط لنسبة الزيت بلغت 47.20 و42.54% ولكلا الموسمين الخريفي والربيعي على التوالي. كما اظهرت النتائج تفوق مراحل الازالة المبكرة, التي لم تختلف معنويا فيما بينها ( V4 وV8 وV12) في اغلب الصفات المدروسة وللموسمين, اذ اعطى طور الازالة V12 اعلى متوسطا لصفة حاصل البذور الكلي وحاصل الزيت بلغا 2.53 و1.15 طن.ه - 1 على التوالي للموسم الخريفي, في حين تفوق طور الازالة V8 في الموسم الربيعي واعطى متوسطا بلغ 1.36 و0.56 طن.ه - 1 للصفتين على التوالي . كذلك لوحظ زيادة نسبة الزيت كلما تاخر طور الازالة اذ اعطى الطور R5 اعلى متوسط لنسبة الزيت بلغ 46.38 و42.11% للموسمين الخريفي والربيعي على التوالي .اكدت النتائج وجود تاثير معنوي للتداخل بين العاملين في معظم الصفات وللموسمين, اذ اعطت التوليفة (ازالة 25% × طور (V12 اعلى متوسطين لحاصل البذور الكلي وحاصل الزيت بلغا 3.46 و1.61 طن.ه - 1 على التوالي للموسم الخريفي, في حين اعطت التوليفة (ازالة 25% × طور (V4 اعلى متوسطين بلغا 1.73 و0.72 طن.ه - 1 على التوالي للموسم الربيعي . وعن نسبة الزيت فقد اعطت التوليفة (المقارنة × طور (R1 اعلى متوسطين بلغا 47.50 و42.69 % للموسمين الخريفي والربيعي على التوالي | The experiment was condacted during two seasons (spring and autumn) within period 2012 - 2013 under filed condition Alwarka /Almuthana, to study the ability of sunflower crop on compensation loss yield of plant . The experiment was laid out in R .C. B . D design with three replicated, four percentages of plants were removel (0,25,50 and 75%) in five stage of plant growth : (V4=4 leave stage),(V8= 8 leave stege),(V12= 12 leave stage),(R1= bud stage and (R5= flowering stage) . The result showed the removal of plant significantly in increasing plant parameters growth (leave numbers, stem diameter, leave area and head diameter) and yield components (seed number, weight of 1000 seed, yield 0f single plant and harvesting index) for two season spring and automn, But the yield of 25% removal gave the highest seed yield (3.08 ton\h) the autumn season , while the control treatment gave significantly the highest seed yield (1.61 ton\ h) during spring season. Also the control treatment gave significantly the highest percentage of oil(47.2 and 42.54%) for autumn and spring respectively. The result also showed that the early removal of plant in the stage(V4,V8 and V12) significantly give more plant growth and yield specially V12 give the highest seed yield (2.53 and 1.18 ton \h) for autumn and spring respectively, in addition V8 stage give the highest oil yield (1.36 and 0.56 ton\h) for autumn and spring respectively, more over increased in the late stage (R5) Which give (46.38 and 42.12%) for autumn and spring respectively, The result revealed significantly interaction between some percentage of plant removal the interaction between (V4 x 25% plant removal) give significantly the highest seed yield and oil yield (3. 46 and 1. 61 ton\h) for autumn and spring respectively, and the interaction between (V4 x 25%plant remova) give significantly the highest seed yield and oil yield (1.73 and 0.72 ton\h) for autumn and spring respectively, and the interaction between (R1 x the control) give significantly oil percentage (47.50 and 42.59%) for the autumn and spring respectively

تاثير التسميد النيتروجيني والرش بمستخلص الثوم في النموالخضري وحاصل الزيت الطيار لنبات النعناع الفلفلي Mentha piperita L. وصفاته ومكوناته الكيميائية == Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizer and Spraying Garlic Extract on Vegetative Growth, Quantity and Quality of the Essential Oil of Mentha piperita L. and its Chemical components

Author name: قاسم عاجل شناوة الزيادي
Supervisor name: ياس خضير عباس | يحيى كريدي جلاب
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Soil Sciences And Water Resources
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت التجربة في محطة البحوث الزراعية / (منطقة ال بندر) التابعة لكلية الزراعة - جامعة المثنى - الواقعة على ضفاف نهر الفرات وتبعد مسافة 2 كم عن مركز مدينة السماوة للفترة 10/9 - 29/12/2012 بهدف دراسة تاثير التسميد النيتروجيني والرش بمستخلص الثوم في النمو الخضري وحاصل الزيت الطيار لنبات النعناع الفلفلي Mentha piperita L. وصفاته ومكوناته الكيميائية. وقد شملت التجربة ست عشرة معاملة هي عبارة عن التداخلات بين مستويات مختلفة من التسميد النتروجيني اضيفت على هيئة يوريا هي 0 و50 و100 و150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 والرش بمستخلص الثوم بتراكيزمختلفة هي 0 و2.5 و5 و7.5 مل.لتر - 1 رشت على المجموع الخضري للنباتات وبمعدل ثلاث رشات خلال موسم النمو . استخدم في تنفيذ التجربة التصميم العشوائي الكامل C.R.D وبثلاثة مكررات وقورنت المتوسطات حسب اختبار اقل فرق معنوي عند مستوى احتمال 0.05 ويمكن تلخيص النتائج بما ياتي : 1 - تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بمستوى 150 كغم N.هكتار - 1 معنويا في جميع صفات النمو الخضري المدروسة ارتفاع النبات وعدد الافرع الجانبية وعدد الاوراق الكلي والمساحة الورقية للنبات والوزنين الطري والجاف للمجموع الخضري ومحتوى الكلوروفيل في الاوراق والنسبة المئوية للنتروجين في الاوراق والنسبة المئوية للكاربوهيدرات الذائبة الكلية والتي بلغت31.08 سم و19.98 فرعوا 140.07 ورقة و700.35 سم2 و17.82 غم و2.47 غم و22.63مايكروغرام.سم2 و5.54 % و64.88 % , على التوالي . اوضحت النتائج الى ان النسبة المئوية للزيت الطيارالمستخلص وكميته قد تاثرتا بالتسميد النتروجيني المضاف اذ تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بـ 150كغم N .هكتار - 1 معنويا في النسبة المئوية للزيت الطيار وكميته وكانت 1.01% و20.91 لتر.هكتار - 1 على التوالي . وتفوقت النباتات المعاملة بالسماد النتروجيني بمستوى150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 معنويا في الصفات النوعية للزيت الطيار المدروسة (الوزن النوعي , كثافة الزيت., معامل الانكسار) والتي كانت 0.783 , 9137.0 ملغم.مايكروليتر - 1 , 1.46670 , على التوالي . 2 - اوضحت نتائج الدراسة ان لتراكيز الرش بمستخلص الثوم تاثير معنوي في صفات النمو الخضري اذ تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 في ارتفاع النبات وعدد الاوراق الكلي .نبات - 1 والمساحة الورقية والوزنين الطري والجاف للمجموع الخضري والنسبة المئوية للنتروجين في الاوراق والتي بلغت 27.51سم و114.47 ورقة و572.38 سم2 و12.20 غم و1.75 غم و3.92% , على التوالي . بينما تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بالتركيز7.5 مل.لتر - 1 في عدد الافرع الجانبية.نبات - 1 ومحتوى الكلوروفيل في الاوراق والنسبة المئوية للكاربوهيدرات الذائبة الكلية والتي بلغت 16.18 فرعوا 19.06 مايكروغرام.سم2 و65.15 % على التوالي . وتفوقت النباتات المعاملة بمستخلص الثوم بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 معنويا في نسبة الزيت الطيار وكميته وبلغا .0.91 % و14.72 لتر.هكتار - 1 على التوالي . 3 - اعطت التداخلات بين مستويات التسميد النتروجيني ورش تراكيز مستخلص الثوم زيادة معنوية في صفات النمو الخضري , اذ تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بــــ 150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 ومستخلص الثوم بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 معنويا في جميع صفات النمو الخضري المدروسة . اظهر التداخل بين التسميد النتروجيني والرش بمستخلص الثوم تاثيرا معنويا في النسبة المئوية للزيت الطيار وكميته اذ اعطى التداخل المستوى السمادي 150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 ومستخلص الثوم بتركيز5 مل. لتر - 1 اعلى القيم في تلك الصفتين . 4 - بينت نتائج التحليل الكروموتوغرافي للزيت الطيار المستخلص من اوراق النبات لتحديد المركبات الفعالة ان النباتات المعاملة بمستوى التسميد النتروجيني 150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 مع الرش بمستخلص الثوم بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 قداعطت اعلى نسب من مركبات المنثول menthol والمنثون mnthon والليمونين limonene بلغت 39.41% و21.87% و6.51% على التوالي . | This experiment was conducted at the Experimental Researches Station at All - Bender area, College of Agriculture - Al - Muthanna University from 10/9 - 29/12/2012. The aim was to study the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer and garlic extract on vegetative growth , quantity and quality of essential oil of Mentha piperita L .The experiment included 16 factorial treatment which is the interaction treatments between four different rates of nitrogenous fertilizer in the farm of urea 0 , 50 , 100 and 150 Kg N.ha - 1 and garlic extract at different concentration 0.0 , 2.5 , 5.0 and 7.5 ml. L - 1 on vegetative growth plants were sprayed three times during the experiment period . Complete Randomized Design was used with three replicates .The means were compared using Least Significant Differences ( LSD ) at probability of 0.05. Results can summarized as follows : 1 - Plants treated with (150 Kg N.ha - 1) showed to be superior in all vegetative growth characteristics : plant height , branches number , leaves number, leaves area, fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth, leaf content of total chlorophyll, leaf contents of nitrogen leaf contents of carbohydrate reaching (31.08 cm , 19.98 branch.plant - 1 , 140.07 leaf.plant - 1 , 700.35 cm2.plant - 1 , 17.82g.plant - 1 , 2.47g.plant - 1 , 22.63µg.cm2, 5.54% and 64.88%) respectively. The results showed that the rate of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) gave the highest value of essential oil percentage and essential oil yield (1.01%) , (20.91 L.ha - 1) respectively. The results revealed that treatment of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) gave the highest value of physical characteristics of essential oil : specific gravity (0.783) , relative density (0.9137 mg.ML - 1) , refractive index (1.46670). 2 - The results of study showed that garlic extract spray has a significant effect on vegetative growth characteristics , concentration of ( 5ml. L - 1) which produced the highest values of vegetative growth characteristics : plant height, leaves number, leaves area, fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth, leaf contents of nitrogen reaching (27.51cm , 114.47.leaf - 1 ,572.38 cm2.plant - 1 , 12.20g.plant - 1, 1.75g.plant - 1 and 3.92%) respectively. while concentration of garlic extract (7.5 ml.L - 1 ) gave the highest value of branches number, leaf content of total chlorophyll , leaf contents of carbohydrate reaching (16.18 branch.plant - 1 , 19.06µg.cm2 and 65.15%) respectively. The concentration (5 ml. L - 1) of garlic extract gave the highest means of essential oil percentage (0.91%) and essential oil yield (14.72 L.ha - 1). 3 - The results of the interaction effect between nitrogenous fertilizer and garlic extract spray revealed that there was an increase in the vegetative growth characteristics, the interaction of rate of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) with concentration of (5ml. L - 1) gave the highest means of all vegetative growth characteristics. Interaction between rates of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) and (5 ml .L - 1) garlic extract spray produced the highest means of content and yield of essential oil. 4 - Results of Chromatographic analysis of essential oil extracted from the leaves, revealed Interaction of rate of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) with (5ml.L - 1) garlic extract gave the highest means of qualities compounds, menthol , menthone and limonene ( 39.41% , 21.87% , 6.51% ) respectively

تقيين القابلية التحولية للمفترس اسد المن Chrysoperla carnea Stephens لبعض المبيدات الحشرية وقابلية هذه المبيدات في مكافحة دودة جوز القطن الشوكية Earias insulana Boisd == Evaluation the tolerance of Chysoperla ssp ageinst some insecticides used for controlling of Earias insulana (Boisd)

Author name: صابرين احمد محمد ال غريب
Supervisor name: نهاد كاظم خلف التميمي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Soil Sciences And Water Resources
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate five insecticides (Neemix 4.5 EC , Cypermethrin 10% , Abamectin 1.8 EC , Quality %5 EC , control 500 EC) at laboratory conditions (1±28 cº and humidity % 65±5) on the third larval stage for the Earias insulana (Boisd ) and effect of these insecticides on Chrysoperla carnea (egg , larval , pupa and adult ) by using three concentrations : 0.25 , 0.5 and 1 (ml˖L - ¹) . Results indicuted all examined insecticides showed good activity against the larva of the E. insulana , mortality was 80.00 , 90.00 % for the larval in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) while reach 83.33 - 100.00 % in concentrated 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹ ( while concentration 1( ml˖L - ¹) it achieved mortality %100 for all used insecticides after 72 hours from treatment .Also the recently study showed that insecticide effected on the eggs of C.carnea when insecticide used at 0.25(ml˖L - ¹) achieved mortality 22.67, 40.67% while at concentration 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹) the mortality of insecticide between 42.67 - 56.67% while in concentration 1 (ml˖L - ¹) reached 50.00 ,61.33 % . Results of the study showed that Quality insecticide was tow effect on the eggs of C .carnea at 0.25( ml˖L - ¹) , mortality reached 22,67 % while the other insecticide showed ligh effect at the same concentration . However at 0.5(ml˖L - ¹) insecticide the effect of the two insecticide (Quality and Control ) on the eggs was two harm which achieved mortality less than 50 % while the effect of other insecticide at same concentration showed the midl harm effect and mortality 53.33, 56.67 and 51.33 for the Neemix , cypermethrin 10% and Abamectin respectively . finally in 1 (ml˖L - ¹) the effect of Quality two effect but the other insecticide is middle harm.As the study result has confirmed the difference the effect of the examined insecticide on the C. camea larval within each Neemix and cypermethrin have showed the light harm effect to on first stage of larva C. camea and mortality reach 40.00% in the concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) but the other insecticide has showed the middle harm effects for the larval first stage and achieved mortality 56.67 - 66.67% in the concentration 0.25(ml˖L - ¹). .Results showed that the concentration 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹) for Neemix , CyPermethrin %10 and Quality achieved moderate effect on first stage of larva that caused mortality 53.33 - 70.00 % , However the effect of insecticide Control and Abamectin were high harm and achieved mortality more than 76% in concentration 0.5(ml˖L - ¹).Neemix , cypermethrin 10% have achieved modrate effect to the first stage of larva for the C. camea in 1 (ml˖L - ¹) concentration mortality 73.33% and 70.00% frequently but the other insecticides effected in highly effected in concentration 1 (ml˖L - ¹) and achieved mortality between 83.33 - 90.00% . The effect of insecticides on the second stage larva showed the result the Cypermethrin 10% was harmless for the second stage larva and achieved mortality reached 23.33% in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹)as compared with the other insecticides that were light harm for the second stage and achieved mortality between 26.67 - 33.33 % in the same concentration. While in the two concentrations 0.5 and 1 (ml˖L - ¹) the used insecticides were light harm on the second stage larva within achieved mortality between 30.00 - 50.00%. In the same time the third stage larva for the C.camea recognized by a big tolerance for the used insecticides which they were harmless and record mortality less 25% in the two concentrations 0.25 and 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹) while in concentration 1 (ml˖L - ¹) the effect of Control and Abamectin insecticides were light harm that record mortality reached 26%, in the other side the effect of the other insecticides were harmless in this concentration. The effect the insecticides on the C.camea pupas, the results showed mortality in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) between 0.00 - 26.66% during the treatment by the insecticides but mortality reached 3.33 - 43.33% in concentration 0.5(ml˖L - ¹) while in 1(ml˖L - ¹) it was between 20.00 - 56.66% .The results revealed that the Control insecticide was more effective to the adults (males and females ) mortality between 83.33 - 100.00% for the concentration 0.25 - 1 (ml˖L - ¹) , the other insecticides have affected in difference on the adults , mortality with the treatment by the Quality and Abamectin reached 66.67% and 53.33% in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) but mortality of the females 10.00% and 20.00% with treatment of Quality and Abamectin in the same concentration frequently , Each increase in the concentration lead to increasing in the mortality reached C100% for the Quality insecticide in concentration 1(ml˖L - ¹) .Results showed that Neemix and Cypermethin achieved the mortality for the male in concentration 0.25,0.5 and 1 (ml˖L - ¹) between 30.00 - 86.67 % and for the females 0.00 - 60.00% for the treatment of Neemix and reached 33.33 - 76.67 % for the treatment of Cypermethrin%10

تاثير توليفات مختلفة من السماد العضوي والحيوي والمعدني وتغطية التربـــة في نمو وحاصل صنفين مـــن البطاطا (Santa ، Draga) المزروعين في محافظة المثنى (Solanum tuberosum L.) == Effect of different combinations of organic, in organic and bio fertilizer and mulching on the growth and yield of Two cultivars (Santa and Draga) of potatoes in Al - muthanna province (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Author name: امان حميد جابر الكعبي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Gardening
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Soil Sciences And Water Resources
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت هذه التجربة في موقعي (النجمي وال بندر) في محافظة المثنى للموسم الخريفي 2013. وقد سجلت الدراسة مدى استجابة صنفي البطاطا Santa وDraga للرتبة (A) لتاثير كل من الغطاء البلاستيكي الاسود والاسمدة (بدون تسميد ، الرش بمعلق الخميرة 6 ، 10 غم .لتر - 1 ، سماد اغنام فقط ، سماد اغنام + 6غم.لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد اغنام + 10غم .لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد ابقار فقط ، سماد ابقار + 5غم .لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد ابقار + 10غم . لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد كيمياوي فقط ، سماد كيمياوي + 6غم . لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد كيمياوي + 10غم .لتر - 1 خميرة ) ونفذت كتجربة عامليه وقف تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة D.B.C.R وبثلاثة مكررات تحتوي كل وحدة تجريبية على ست نباتات وقورنت المتوسطات حسب اختبار اقل فرق معنوي D.S.L عند مستوى(0.05( وكانت النتائج على النحو التالي .1 - تفوق الصنف Santaمعنويا على الصنف Draga ولكلا الموقعين في صفات نسبة البزوغ الحقلي ،عدد السيقان ،المساحة الورقية ،نسبة الكلوروفيل ، الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ،حاصل الكلي ، عدد الدرنات ، المادة الجافة للدرنات ، النشا ، الكثافة النوعية ، البروتين ، محتوى النتروجين ، والفسفور، والبوتاسيوم وبنسبة زيادة بلغت (1.49 ،8.67 ،7.1 ،6.01 ،2.71 ،3.45 ،12.6 ، 8.89 ،12.91 ،0.61 ، 5.95 ،5.77 ، 15.15 ، 10.32%) بالتتابع بينما انخفضت معنويا في صفة ارتفاع النبات ، نسبة المواد الصلبة الذائبة وبنسبة انخفاض بلغت (8.0 %، 26.6 % ) بالتتابع .2 - تفوقت معاملة التغطية للنباتات معنويا في صفات (ارتفاع النبات ، عدد السيقان الهوائية، مساحة الورقية ، نسبة الكلوروفيل ،الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، حاصل الكلي، عدد الدرنات ،النسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة في الدرنات ،النسبة المئوية للنشا ، الكثافة النوعية ، المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية ، البروتين ، محتوى الدرنات من النتروجين والفسفور والبوتاسيوم ) وبنسبة زيادة بلغت (5.16 ،20.99 ،6.16 ، 10.58 ،6.43 ، 22.73 ، 22.33 ،12.51 ، 4.52 ،6.27 ،0.29 ،12.37 ،7.22 ،7.19 ،21.12 ،12.39 %) بالتتابع .3 - تفوق معاملة التسميد العضوية بسماد الابقار معنويا في صفة نسبة البزوغ الحقلي فبلغت 92.05 % في منطقة النجمي ،82.54 % في محطة ال بندر .4 - اعطت معاملة التسميد (كيمياوي +معلق الخميرة) اعلى النتائج المعنوية في صفات النمو الخضري(ارتفاع النبات،عدد السيقان الهوائية،المساحة الورقية،الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري) وصفات الحاصل(حاصل النبات الواحد ،الحاصل الكلي،عدد الدرنات) والصفات النوعية للحاصل(نسبة الكلورفيل،النسبة المئوية للنتروجين، النسبة المئوية للفسفور، النسبة المئوية للبوتاسيوم، النسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة ، النسبة المئوية للنشا، النسبة المئوية للمواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية، النسبة المئوية للبروتين،الكثافة النوعية، النسبة المئوية النترات.5 - تفوقت معاملة التسميد العضوي (سماد ابقار+10 غم خميرة . لتر - 1 ) معنويا في صفات (ارتفاع النبات ، عدد السيقان الهوائية ، المساحة الورقية ، الكلورفيل ،الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة للدرنات ، النشا ، الكثافة النوعية ، النتروجين ، الفسفور ، البوتاسيوم) مقارنة معاملة التسميد الكيمياوي فقط بينما لم تختلف عنها معنويا في صفات عدد الدرنات ومحتواها من المواد الصلبة الذائبة والبروتين.6 - اعطت نباتات معاملة التداخل الثلاثي للصنف Santa والمعاملة بتسميد (كيمياوي+10غم .لتر1 - )في منطقة النجمي اعلى معدل معنوي لصفات ارتفاع النبات ، عدد السيقان الهوائية ، المساحة الورقية ، نسبة الكلورفيل ،المادة الجافة للمجموع الخضري ، حاصل النبات ، عدد الدرنات ، نسبة المادة الجافة للدرنات ، نشا ، المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية ، البروتين ، محتوى الدرنات من N ، P ، K والتي بلغت ( 43.940 سم ، 3.10 فرع \نبات، 92.414 دسم2، 17.199 SPAD ، 44.55غم.نبات - 1 ،784.17 غم.نبات - 1، 6.746 درنة.نبات - 1، 15%، 9.935%، 6.083%، 7.4%، 1.18%، 0.315%، 2.093%) بالتتابع.7 - انخفاض نسبة النترات في درنات معاملات التسميد العضوي ولكلا الموقعين(سماد الابقار فقط او مع رش بالخميرة 6،10 غم.لتر - 1) في تحقيق اقل نسبة من النترات مقارنة مع باقي معاملات التسميد الاخرى بلغت(0.082 %،0.092 %،0.097 % )لمنطقة النجمي وبلغت(0.101 %، 0.111 %،0.121 %) لمحطة ال بندر.8 - اختلافات معنوية في جميع صفات االنمو الخضري والحاصل والصفات النوعية للصنفين وباختلاف المواقع مع تفوقها في منطقة النجمي. | This Study was conducted in AI - Najme and AI - Bemder field during the Autumn season, 2013 using Santa and Draga potato cultivar class (A) The aim of this study to investigate the effect of mulching with Black polyethylene sheets and different treatments of fertilizer (control ، 6g yeast .L - 1 ، 10g yeast.L - 1 ،Cow manure ، Cow manure + 6g yeast .L - 1، Cow manure+10g yeast .L - 1، sheep manure ،sheep manure + 6g yeast .L - 1 ، sheep manure + 10g yeast .L - 1 ، chemical fertilizer، chemical fertilizer +6g yeast .L - 1 ،And chemical fertilizer +10g yeast .L - 1)on growth and yield of potato. The experiment was set up using Randomized completely Block Design (R.C.B.D) with 3 replicates ،six tubers were planted in each replicate. The means was compared using L.S.D . at level of 0.05 probability.The experimental results can be summarized as follows : - 1 - The Santa variety was significantly superior as compare with Draga in the percentage of field emergency per ، number of stems ، leaf area ، the chlorophyll، dry weigh of vegetative growth ، Winning total ، number of tubers، ، dry weight of tuber ،starch ،specific density ، protein ، Nitrogen ، phosphor and potassium content with ratio of (1.49 ،8.67 ،7.1 ،6.01 ،2.71 ،3.45 ،12.6 ، 8.89 ،12.91 ،0.61 ، 5.95 ،5.77 10.32، ، % 15.15 )respectively. 2 - MuIching with black Polyethylene significantly increased the high of plant ، number of stems ، leaf area ، total chlorophyll، dry weigh of vegetative growth، Holds per plant، total yield، number of tubers، average weight of tuber ،dry weight of tuber ، percentage of starch،specific density، TSS، ،protein ، Nitrogen، phosphor and potassium percentage reached (5.16 ،20.99 ،6.16 ، 10.58 ،6.43 ، 22.73 ، 22.33 ،12.51 ،12.28 ، 4.52 ،6.27 ،0.29 ،12.37 ،7.22 ،7.19 ،21.12 ،12.39 % (respectively. 3 - Adding organic fertilizer (Cow manure) significantly increased on percentage of plant emergences reached 87.29% compared to the treatment comparison 75.25% percentage reached 15.59%. 4 - Treating potato plant with chemical fertilizer and 10g yeast .L - 1 significantly increased all vegetative characters yield number of tubers the content of Tss ،starch ، protein، Nitrogen، phosphor and potassium percentage. 5 - The treatment of organic fertilizer (Cow manure + spraying 10g yeast .L - 1) significantly increased the high of plant، number of stems، leaf area ، total chlorophyll The number of tubers ، tubers weight content of dry mater ، starch ، TSS ، protein، Nitrogen ،phosphor and potassium percentage compared with chemical fertilizer but no significantly in number of tubers and content of Tss with protein percentage. 6 - The interaction among Santa cultivar ، Mulching and adding chemical fertilizer with spraying 10g yeast .L - 1 on plants in AI - Najmi area gave significantly highest results in plant high ، number of stem ، leaf area ، chlorophyll ، yield ، tubers number، tuber weight and content of dry mater ، starch ، TSS، protein، Nitrogen، phosphor and potassium percentage reached (43.94cm ، 3. 10 ،92414. dcm 2 ،17.199 spad ، 784.17g ، 6.74tubers، 123.0g% 15، ،9.93% ،6.83% ،7.4% ،1.18% ،0.315% ،2.093%( respectively. 7 - low proportion of nitrates in tubers transactions organic fertilizer (manure of cows، sheep manure،spray with yeast or not yeast) in recording the lowest rate of nitrates compared with the rest of the other transactions fertilization (0.082 %،0.092 %،0.097 % ) in AI - Najme area (0.101 %، 0.111 %،0.121 %) in AI - Bemder area. 8 - significant differences in all the qualities of vegetative growth , yield and qualitative characteristics of the two cultivars in different area with superiority in AI - Najme area

تاثير الموقع الطوبوغرافي في وراثة وتصنيف بعض ترب المنخفضات في الهضبة الصحراوية جنوب غرب السماوة == Effect of Topographic Location on genesis and Classification of some (Alvedhat) depressions Soils in the Western Plateau Southwest of Samawah

Author name: ابو الحسن عادل علي المحسن
Supervisor name: اياد كاظم علي الحسيني
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Production
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Soil Sciences And Water Resources
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: اختيرت سبعة بيدونات موزعة في مسارين Transectsجنوب غرب السماوة ضمن ثلاث مناطق متمثلة بمنطقة بريبج والبت والذريات في البادية الجنوبية من محافظة المثنى ، بهدف دراسة تاثير الموقع الطوبوغرافي على وراثة وتصنيف ترب بعض الفيضات في تلك المناطق . تم اجراء عملية مسح تربة بالطريقة الحرة Free lance soil survey اعتمادا على حالة التباين في الصفات المنظورة ميدانيا وخصوصا الطوبوغرافية والنسجة ولون التربة والنبت الطبيعي وغيرها من الصفات , كشفت البيدونات ووصفت مورفولوجيا واستحصلت عينات تربة مثارة (Disturbed ) من كل افق لغرض اجراء التحاليل الفيزيائية والكيميائية والمعدنية ، وعينات تربة غير مثارة ( Undisturbed ) من بعض الافاق لدراسة الصفات المايكرومورفولوجية .الصفات المورفولوجية : توضح نتائج التوصيف المورفولوجي الى وجود حالة من التباين في بعض الصفات المورفولوجية بين بيدونات الدراسة وذلك نتيجة تاثير الموقع الطوبوغرافي ومادة الاصل والمناخ بشكل رئيس فضلا عن تاثير بعض العوامل الموقعية مما انعكس على الصفات المورفولوجية الكبيرة في مقدمتها نوع وسمك الافاق وطبيعة ترتيبهوامراافقها من صفات مميزة لكل افق . فقد تبين ان الترب المتكونة في وسط الفيضات ضمن المسار الثاني اكثر عمقا وذات لون اغمق مما في بيدونات المسار الاول والتي يضفي على الوانها اللون الفاتح بسبب تواجد الكلس بكميات مرتفعة مقارنة بترب المسار الثاني , كما ان بناء التربة كان بين البناء الكتلي عديم الزوايا الى الكتلي حاد الزوايا كما تواجد البناء الصفائحي في الافاق السفلى في بيدونات المسار الثاني مقارنة ببيدونات المسار الاول والتي كانت اغلب افاقه عديمة البناء . كما تبين ان تتابع الافاق في بيدونات المسار الاول هو A - Ck - Cky1 - R - Cky2 اما بيدونات المسار الثاني فقد كان تتابع الافاق هو A - Bk - Btk1 - Btk2 . الصفات الفيزيائيةلقد اكدت النتائج على زيادة محتوى الطين الكلي في الافاق تحت السطحية الى المستوى الذي يحقق شروط تكون الافق الطيني نوع Argillic في بيدونات المسار الثاني , اذ زاد محتوى الطين الكلي في افاق الكسب عنها في افاق الفقد , ولم يلاحظ ذلك في بيدونات المسار الاول . الصفات الكيميائيةبينت النتائج ان هناك ارتفاع في محتوى كاربونات الكالسيوم في ترب المسار الاول (400 - 490 )غم كغم - 1 في حين انخفضت هذه القيم في بيدونات المسار الثاني ( 110 - 430 ) غم كغم - 1 نتيجة لنشاط عمليات عكس التكلس وتكوين الافق كالسيك اذ تم ملاحظة نمط توزيع قيم كاربونات الكالسيوم في الافاق تحت السطحية مقارنة بالافاق العليا . بينت النتائج الى ان الاكاسيد صعبة الحركة (Al2O3 , Fe2O3, SiO2 ) ازدادت في ترب الفيضات على حساب العناصر القاعدية سهلة الحركة ( MgO و( CaOفي حين كان التوزيع مغاير لترب المسار الاول للمناطق المرتفعة وهذا يشير الى حالة التجوية العالية لترب الفيضات لتوفر الظروف الملائمة لنشاط هذه العملية وهذا ما عكسته النسب الجزيئية التي حسبت لهذه الترب .التكوين المعدني لترب الدراسةبينت نتائج الدراسات المعدنية الى سيادة معادن الكوارتز والكالسايت والدولمايت في ترب المسار الاول وانخفاضها في ترب المسار الثاني وكان ذلك مغايرا للمعادن الطينية المونتموريلونايت والكاؤولينايت والالايت والتي ازدادت في ترب المسار الثاني ( ترب الفيضات) . وهذا يشير الى نشاط عمليات التجوية والعمليات البيدوجينية في ترب المسار الثاني مقارنة بترب المسار الاول .الخصائص المايكرومورفولوجية اكدت نتائج الصفات المورفولوجية الدقيقة الى وجود تباين في درجة تطور بيدونات المسار الثاني وذلك من خلال وجود بعض المظاهر المايكرومورفولوجية ومنها Argillans وOrg - Argillans وFerri - argillans وCalcians والتي تؤكد حركة مكونات التربة من الاعلى الى الاسفل نتيجة لنشاط بعض عمليات تكوين التربة . وراثة وتطور وتصنيف ترب الدراسة : تؤكد نتائج الدراسة الى وجود تباين في درجة التطور بين بيدونات المسار الاول والثاني وهذا يعكس التباين الحاصل في الموقع الطوبوغرافي وتاثيرها على كميات المياه التي تستلمها ترب الفيضات مقارنة بالمناطق المرتفعة اضافة الى تاثير الغطاء النباتي وكذلك نشاط العمليات البيدوجينية والجيومورفولوجية على الجانب الوراثي لترب الدراسة .لقد اكدت نتائج الصفات المورفولوجية والفيزيائية والكيميائية والمايكرومورفولوجية على ان ترب الدراسة كانت متطورة لبيدونات المسار الثاني وذلك من خلال حالة التباين في نوع وسمك الافاق التشخيصية فيها , وعدم تطور ترب المسار الاول اذ لم يلاحظ تواجد اي افاق تشخيصية في بيدوناتها على العكس من بيدونات المسار الثاني والتي لوحظ فيها كل من الافق التشخيصي تحت السطحي Argillic والافق Calcic في جميع بيدونات ترب الفيضات وهذه النتائج تؤكد دور العوامل البيئية والموقعية التي تلعب دور في تنشيط العمليات البيدوجينية التي ساعدت على تكوين وتطور تلك الافاق ومنها عمليات الفقد والكسب اضافة الى عمليات ازالة التملح وازالة التكلس والتكلس .صنفت بيدونات المسار الاول جميعها الى رتبة Entisols والى تحت الرتبة Psamments كما شخصت المجموعة العظمى Torripasmment والى تحت المجوعة العظمى Typic Torripasmments . اما بيدونات المسار الثاني فقد صنفت جميعها الى تحت الرتبة Aridisols والى تحت الرتبة Argids ثم شخصت المجموعة العظمى Calciargids والى تحت المجموعة العظمى Vertic Calciargid . | Seven Pedons were selected within two study Transects reprecent three sites melading Pripj area the Beat and the Thariat in the desert of southern Iraq - Muthanna province , In order to study the effect of topography on the site to genesis and formation of some the fedhat soils in those areas. Has been conducting a survey of soil semi - detailed (Semi - detailed soil survey warle was conduct using Free lance method wording to fied variation in traits visible on the ground, especially topographical and Texture and color of the soil and the plant natural and other attributes, revealed the pedons described the morphology and gotting soil samples Disturbed from every horizon for objective conducting the analysis of physical, chemical and mineral, and soil samples is Undisturbed of some horizons to study the details Micromorphological .Morphological properties : The results of morphological description to the existence of a state of variation in some morphological description between Pedons study as a result effect of the site topography , the parent material and the climate mainly influence as well as effect of some the locations factors, which is reflect on the morphological description large , in the introduction type and thickness of the horizons and the nature of the arrangement and concomitant distinctive qualities of each horizon . Has been shown shown that the soils formed in middle the fedhat within the second track more deeply and with a darker color than in the Pedons second track, because of presence the lime of high amounts compared by soil second track , Also the soil stricture was between subangular blocky to angular blocky as presence of stricture platy in the lower horizons in Pedons the second track compared with pedons to the first track . As it turns out that the pursue horizons in Pedons first track is A - Ck - Cky1 - Cky2 As Pedons the second track has been pursue horizons is A - Bk - Btk1 - Btk2 . Physical propertiesThe results revealed increase of total clay content in subsurface horizons to the level with perform Argillic formation conditions in pedons the second track , Total clay content increase in illuvial horizons as compared with eluvial horizons, This has not seen in Pedons the first track .Chemical properties : The results showed that there is a rise in the content of calcium carbonate in the soils first track (400 - 490) gm kgm - 1 while these values fell in Pedons Track (110 - 430) gm.kgm - 1 As a result of the activity of reverse calcification process and the formation of the horizon Calcic if was observed style distribution values of calcium carbonate in the horizons under the surface compared with the upper horizons. The results showed that the oxides difficult Movement (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO4) has increased in soils the fedhat at the expense of basic elements easy movement (MgO and CaO ) while was the distribution different for soils the first track upland This refers to the case of high weathering of soils the fedhat to provide a appropriate activity conditions this process and this was reflected in the molecule's ratio were calculated for these soils . The mineralogical Formation of soils study : Results mineral studies have shown the rule of metal quartz , Calcite and Dolomite in soils the first track and a decrease in soils second track was so different from the clay minerals and Montmurilonit Kaolenit and Illite which increased in the second track soils ( The soils fedhat). This refers to the activity of weathering processes and processes in soils the pedugenesis in soils the second track compared to the first track.Micromorphological features : The results of Micro - morphological description to the presence of variation in the degree of development of Pedons second track, through the presence of some aspects the Micro - morphological including Orga - argillans Argillans , Orga - argillans , Ferri - argillans and Calcians which emphasizes the movement of soil components from top to bottom as a result of the activity of some soil formation processes. Genesis, Development and Classification of studied soil : The results of the study to a discrepancy in the degree of development between Pedons first track and the second and this reflects the discrepancy in the site topography and its impact on the water received by soils the fedhat compared to the high areas amounts in addition to the effect of vegetation, as well as the pedogenic operations activity and geomorphological on the genetic side of the soils of the study.The results of morphological, physical and chemical description and the micromorphology have confirmed that the soils study was developed in Pedons second track through the state variation in the type and thickness of diagnostic horizons where, and not to the evolution of soils first track as not noticed the presence of any diagnostic horizons in Pedons contrast Pedons second track and where all of the horizon diagnostic observed subsurface Argillic horizon Calcic in all Pedons soils the fedhat these results confirm the role of environmental factors and in situ, which plays a role in the revitalization of the pedogenic processes that helped the formation and evolution of these Horizons including loss operations and earnings as well as desalinization and remove tartar and sintering processes .Pedons ranked first track of all the rank and Entisols to rank under Psamments also diagnosed great group Torripasmment and sub Great group Typic Torripasmments. The second track Pedons all have been classified under the rank Aridisols and under Argids rank then diagnosed Great Group Calciargids and sub Great Group Vertic Calciargid

تقييم مشروع الرميثة الاروائي : دراسة في جغرافية الموارد المائية == Evaluation of Al - Rumaitha irrigation project Study in water resources geography

Author name: صبيحة حمد عودة
Supervisor name: سفير جاسم حسين
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: As the study area occupies an important position in terms of agriculture ,this study aims to uncover the reality of the Al - Rumaitha irrigation project and to show the natural and human geographical characteristics of the study area , also highlights the most important problems facing the project .It defines the project's conformity with hydrological standards, evaluating the efficiency of the project and achieve its goals. To achieve this, the researcher followed the systematic approach in accordance with the analytical approach, quantitative method, explanation and linking descriptive method among the influencing factors.The study has identified the most important geographical characteristics of the study area, both natural and human, related to hydrological reality and the impact of these characteristics in the reality of the project , Then the study has presented the geographical spread of the project and structure of the irrigation and drainage system , it has also highlighted the hydrological reality of the project, of the characteristics of annual and monthly discharge characterized by instability and fluctuation , which does not fill the deficit in the water budget climate for the study area , after that it has evaluated the efficiency of the project quality and optimal use of water resources through the qualitative analysis of available water, comparing these indicators to standards Estimate the amount of water needed to produce irrigated crops, determine the actual needs of the irrigation needs of the net and kidney of the project , and compare it with the reality of the irrigation area and the extent of the project's fulfillment of the irrigation requirements of crops planted within the project land.In a study of the sustainability trend in the in the Al - Rumaitha project, the most important natural and human obstacles have identified which prevent the desired sustainability process of the current and future performance of the project, and the proposal to formulate an efficient mechanism to address these obstacles and reduce the waste in the quantity of inward and increase the efficiency of use to achieve optimal utilization of water resources to preserve The rights of future generations on both sides of food security and water security

تحليل جغرافي لمعوقات التنمية الزراعية في محافظة المثنى == A Geographic Analysis of the obstacles to agricultural Development in Al - Muthanna province

Author name: رباب حسن كاظم الجياشي
Supervisor name: نجاح عبد جابر الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: تعد التنمية الزراعية واحدة من اهم انواع التنمية التي تسعى دول العالم الى تحقيقها الا انها لم تحقق في منطقة الدراسة بسبب بعض المعوقات التي ساهمت في عدم تحقيق التنمية الزراعية منها ضعف الامكانات المالية والارشادية والتقنية للمزارعين وتدهور خصوبة الارض الزراعية وقلة مياه الري على الرغم مما تمتلكه المحافظة من بعض المقومات مما جعلت الامر باعثا على دراستها واعتمادا على النتائج المستخلصة من هذه الدراسة يمكن تحديد المسار الانسب في التخطيط للتنمية الزراعية التي تمثل جانبا اساسيا ومهما من خطط التنمية الاقتصادية . وقد تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة الرئيسة بـ (ما معوقات التنمية الزراعية الطبيعية والبشرية والحياتية في منطقة الدراسة ؟ ) ، اما الفرضية الرئيسة تمثلت بوجود مجموعة من المعوقات الطبيعية والبشرية والحياتية التي حالت دون تحقيق اهداف التنمية الزراعية ، لذا تهدف الدراسة الى البحث عن معوقات التنمية الزراعية وتوضيح اسبابها وتاثيراتها في المحافظة وكيفية وضع الحلول المناسبة للتخلص منها وتحقيق الاهداف ، واعتمدت الدراسة على عدد المناهج الجغرافية من اجل تحقيق اهداف البحث منها المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي والمنهج الاقليمي والمنهج الاحصائي ، فضلا عن الاعتماد على المصادر المكتبية والدراسة الميدانية المتمثلة باستمارة الاستبيان والمقابلات الشخصية ، وفي ضوء ذلك تكونت الدراسة من مقدمة واربعة فصول تناول الفصل الاول مقومات التنمية الزراعية التي تمثلت بالمقومات الطبيعية التي تناولت السطح والمناخ والتربة والموارد المائية ، فضلا عن دراسة المقومات البشرية التي تطرقت الى حجم الايدي العاملة الزراعية والحيازات الزراعية وطرائق الري واساليبه ونظام الصرف والسياسة الزراعية بكل انواعها وطرق النقل والمكننة الزراعية لما لها من دور واضح في التنمية الزراعية . اما الفصل الثاني تناول دراسة واقع النشاط الزراعي للمدة (2007 - 2016) الذي تمثل بدراسة محاصيل الحبوب والمحاصيل الصناعية ومحاصيل الخضر والعلف ومحاصيل البستنة ، في حين تناول الفصل الثالث معوقات التنمية الزراعية التي تضمنت المعوقات الطبيعية المتمثلة ( بالعجز المائي ، تملح الترب ، التطرف الحراري ، زحف الكثبان الرملية, العواصف الغبارية) والمعوقات البشرية التي تناولت دراسة ( نقص الايدي العاملة الزراعية ، العزوف عن العمل الزراعي ، وضعف الخبرات الزراعية لدى المزارعين، معوقات السياسة الزراعية بانواعها ، معوقات استغلال الاراضي الزراعية والمعوقات التقنية ) فضلا عن التطرق للمعوقات الحياتية التي تناولت دراسة الافات والامراض الزراعية التي تمثلت بالحشرات والامراض والادغال ، في حين يبحث الفصل الرابع حول وضع استراتيجيات خاصة بالتنمية الزراعية في المحافظة بما يتلاءم مع طبيعة منطقة الدراسة . في حين توصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من الحقائق كانت ابرزها ان محافظة المثنى تعاني من تدهور القطاع الزراعي وتراجع انتاجه سنويا ، واظهرت ان منطقة الدراسة تمتلك بعض الامكانات التي يمكن ان تكون احد الحلول التي يمكن استثمارها في الزراعة الا انها تحتاج الى التخطيط الصحيح بهدف استثمارها كبعض الاراضي الصالحة للزراعة والمياه الجوفية المتوفرة في الهضبة الغربية ، اما اهم التوصيات التي توصلت اليها الدراسة كانت اهمها السعي لترشيد استعمال المياه وفقا لحاجة كل محصول واستصلاح الاراضي المتدهورة بهدف زيادة المساحة المزروعة واخيرا اختتمت الدراسة بقائمة من المصادر والمراجع وقائمة بالملاحق . | Agricultural development is one of the most important types of development that the countries of the world seek to achieve, which nevertheless failed to succeed in the studied district. This is due to some of the negative aspects that contributed to the emergence of obstacles to agricultural development, including weak financial and technical capabilities, insufficient guidance, the degradation of agricultural land fertility, and the lack of irrigation water. All of these are present despite the fact that the province does have some of the available constituents, which resulted into this research. By relying on the results of the study, it is possible to determine the most appropriate path in planning agricultural development that represents the fundamental aspects of economic development plans.The main problem of the study lies in the development of the natural agricultural, human, and life constraints in the studied area. As to the main hypothesis, it was represented in a group of natural and human obstacles as well as the constraints of life, which prevented the achievement of agricultural development goals. Therefore, the study aims at searching the obstacles to the agricultural development, to clarify its causes and effects in the province, as well as to explain how to input the appropriate solutions to get rid of them. In order to achieve this goal, the study relied on a number of geographic approaches in order to accomplish the research objectives, of which include the descriptive, analytic, and the crop approach. In addition, the study also relied on library resources, and a field study through questionnaires and interviews. In light of this, the research consists of an introduction and four chapters. The first chapter deals with the elements of agricultural development that contains the components of agricultural development which covered the surface, climate, soil, and water resources. Moreover, it also studies the human constraints that touched on the size of agricultural labor and holdings, the irrigation and drainage methods, the agricultural policy of all kinds, and the agricultural transport and mechanization due to their clear roles in agricultural development. As to the second chapter, it deals with the reality of agricultural activity for the period between (2007 - 2016) which is the study of industrial, grain, vegetable, fodder, and horticultural crops. The third chapter, on the other hand, handles the geographical constraints for agricultural developments that is represented in the natural obstacles as seen in (water shortage, soil salinization, thermal extremes and sand dune encroachment), and human constraints that deal with (shortage of agricultural labor, the abandonment of agricultural work, poor agricultural expertise of farmers, the obstacles of policy of all kinds, as well as the obstacles to the utilization of agricultural land and technical obstacles) as well as the constraints of life that deal with the study of agricultural pests, which include the insects, diseases and the bushes. Chapter four discusses the development of a strategy for agricultural development in the province in accordance with the nature of the studied area.The study reaches a set of facts, most notably that the province of al - Muthanna suffers from deterioration in the agricultural sector and decline in its annual production. Through this research it has also become clear that the studied area does have some potential, and thus could be one of the solutions that can be invested in agriculture. Still, this needs to be properly planned with the aim to invest in it, such as some arable land and groundwater available in the desert of Samawah. Of the most important recommendations of the study is to strive to rationalize the use of water according to the needs of each crop, and to reclaim the degraded lands in order to increase the cultivated area. Finally, the study concludes with a list of sources and references and a list of annexes

التحليل المكاني للخدمات الترفيهية في مدينة السماوة == The Spatial Analysis for the Entertainment Services in Samawa City

Author name: هالة هادي صالح الظالمي
Supervisor name: ماهر ناصر عبد الله
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aims at identifying the reality of spatial analysis of entertainment services in Samawa city depending on the local standards to assess the needs of the population for these services.The study has been conducted through depending largely on the field study and field survey, and it included the related institutions with these services. In addition, the researcher has adopted statistical means like standard deviation and the analysis of neighborhood link by using (ARC GIS 10.4.1) to identify the changes in the size of the population according to the growth rates and to determine the types of entertainment services as well as the extent of efficiency of the given services in accordance with the used standards.The present study has included four chapters : the first chapter deals with the importance of entertainment services, their types , and the stages of basic planning of Samawa city. The second chapter studies some natural and demographic characteristics and their effect on the reality of services. The third chapter is concerned with the study of spatial distribution of the entertainment services in Samawa city, while the fourth chapter focuses on the efficiency of the entertainment services in the city depending on the local standards and some indicators. The thesis has ended with identifying the current needs of the city for the entertainment services as well as the future needs up to 2025.The study has concluded that the entertainment services has low efficiency due to the lack of large types of entertainment services in terms of their numbers , areas, and distribution. There has been clear shortage in the amount of the provided services as they were concentrated in some locals and not in others in a way that is not suitable to the size of the population in the city. With this respect, the needs of the city for the entertainment services are identified, in addition to the estimation of the future needs until 2025.

التحليل الجغرافي السياسي لمؤشرات قياس الدولة الهشة : دراسة تطبيقية على العراق == The Geographical - Political Analysis of Fragile State Indicators (An Applied Study on Iraq

Author name: مروة سامي جودة
Supervisor name: عدنان كاظم جبار الشیباني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The study of state is of great importance for the geographical - political studies since it represents a political and social entity. Its existence requires the availability of its basic pillars ( the people, the region, and the authority). It is responsible for carrying out its functions, which represent the main, sole and justified purpose of its existence. In addition, the quality of its performance for its internal and external functions is the measure of its efficiency and sustainability. The states that are subject to setbacks and obstacles in the performance of their functions are described by several terms, the most important of which is the term "fragile state". Such term has a semantic power in describing the efficiency of the state in providing the needs of its population as well as to meet their aspirations. Thus, their sustainability as a country or the possibility of its collapse depends on these aspects, which entails considerable risks at the local and international levels, which is widely used to describe (weak state, vulnerable state, failed state, failing state, collapsed state, instable state, state of crisis and recovering etc.). From such terms, a delineation of indicators to measure the fragility of the state was done, especially after the emergence of two triggers : the declaration of Millennium Development Goals and the events of September 11, 2001. As a result, several indicators emerged, including progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) of the World Bank, the Fragile State Index ( FSI) of Fund For Peace, as well as the Organization for Economic Co - operation and Development (OECD). These indicators were used for two purposes : assisting States, reducing the negative effects of crises, and/or defaming those countries in order to justify hostile policies towards them by the major powers. In accordance with such importance, the researcher has chosen (the geographical - political analysis of fragile state indicators, an applied study on Iraq) as a tittle of her thesis. She adopted the functional approach of Hartshorn which clarified the internal and external functions of the state, the forces of attraction and the forces of expulsion and their role in the cohesion of the state and its unity or disintegration. In addition, she also adopted the historical and power analysis approaches. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher has divided the study into introduction, five chapters, and some conclusions. The first chapter is concerned with the notional frameworks of state and fragile states. Chapter two deals with the geographical characteristics of Iraq and its political system.Chapter three is devoted to show the indicators of fragile state and its application on Iraq. Chapter four focuses on the reasons that prevented the stability and development in Iraq. Chapter five includes the geographicalpolitical solutions to rescue Iraq from fragility. The study has concluded some conclusions : the State of Iraq suffers from fragility in its entity, which has limited its stability and development since its establishment in 1921 to 2015.Moreover, the reason behind the fragility of the state and the failure of its performance in its internal and external functions laid in a number of political, security, economic and social factors, in addition to the Anglo - American occupation of Iraq. These factors combined effectively contributed to a situation of fragility, which requires the development of a range of solutions at the internal and external levels to save the state in Iraq from the fragility and to enable it to regain its leading role regionally and internationally.

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي ابو شنين غرب بحيرة ساوة واستثماراته الاقتصادية == Geomorphology of Wadi Abu jlod (Abu Shounen) West Lake Sawa economic and investment

Author name: فاطمة يونس راضي
Supervisor name: سرحان نعيم طشطوش حسين الخفاجي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي الضباع غرب ناحية بصية واستثماراته - باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) == Geomorphology of Al - Dhiba'a Valley Basin West of Basiya and its investments - Using GIS

Author name: اسامة فالح عبد الحسن المكتوب
Supervisor name: سرحان نعيم طشطوش حسين الخفاجي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a is located within the area of ( stable pavement) within the scope of (Al - Salman and Bsei'a ). The area of the study was a subject to the formative movements that resulted with many fractures, which in turn have participated in several ground and terrain variations in the basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a and decided some of the tracks of the streams of water in the basin . The basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a has two styles of water flow : the first style is known as (Tree style) and the second is known as ( parallel style). Throughout the study, it has been concluded that the area is promising with economic investments as some of its areas is suitable for agriculture and grazing since it has much of groundwater in addition to the water on the ground if the rain fell. The area of the study also is considered as an ideal area to make a nature reserve and it is an area in which there are many types of raw materials that could be used in several industries.The most important recommendations of the present study are : to encourage the public body of groundwater in Al - Muthanna governorate to drill many wells to meet the actual needs of the area of the study, making a hydrological station, building some dams in certain positions , investing the agricultural and grazing lands in a planned way, composing a net of transmitting tracks to get advantage of the natural resources especially the raw materials, and to encourage the tourist sect in this area.

واقع الاستثمار الصناعي واتجاهاته المكانية في محافظة المثنى : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == The Reality of the Industrial Investment and its Spatial Trends in Al - Muthanna Governorate (Study in the Industrial Geography

Author name: امنة رزاق عبيد الزيادي
Supervisor name: رحمن رباط حسين الايدامي | عدنان كاظم جبار الشيباني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Due to the great importance of industrial investment as it represents the tool that works to collect different factors of production and then find industries that contribute to satisfying the needs of different human by converting raw materials to more useful and longer life products.This study highlights the geographical capabilities of Al - Muthanna Governorate and investigates its role in finding various industrial investments. The area under study has many natural geographical capabilities such as the location near the governorates of the Euphrates and the south of the country. In addition, it has a large area (51740 km 2) which distributed in (4) districts (Al - Samawah, Al - Rumaitha, Al - Khidr and Al - Salman). The human capabilities such as the large population which reached (806368) people for the year 2016 and it grows continually, in addition to the availability of large and varied economic capabilities which were a clear reflection of the natural and human capabilities (variable raw materials , labor, markets and transport routes etc.). The industrial investment in the governorate of Al - Muthanna several problems related with some raw materials, labor , fuel, energy and production etc.The study has followed the regional approach i.e. the study of the governorate as a unit in its own regardless the surrounding areas, and the inductive method through which field studies were conducted, statistical method (weighted weights)was also used to determine the spatial trends of industrial investment in Al - Muthanna Governorate, depending on twelve variables. Based on the above, the study has reached a number of conclusions : foremost of which was that Al - Muthanna Governorate has primary resources and human capacities to enable it to carry out various industrial investments which enable it to establish an industrial base that will be the basis for what follows. The study also showed the results of analyzing the relationship between the geographical capabilities of industrial investment and the suggested Spatial trends : 1 - Al - Samawah City came first, after collecting (49.4%) of the differential degrees. This indicates the availability of good capabilities of raw materials and infrastructure to establish and invest these industries.2 - Al - Rumaitha City came in the second place with 24.8%. It was ranked first with raw materials and plant waste, and the second in the infrastructure that helps it to do many of these industries.3 - Al - Khidr was in the third rank of the total available resources (15.8%) of the differentiation degrees, and therefore can be used in industrial investment.4 - Al - Salman city came in fourth place with (10%) of the total capabilities for manufacturing branches in the Governorate of Al - Muthanna.BA set of recommendations in accordance with the subject of the study : 1 - After the collection of the city of Samawah (49.4%) of the differentiation degrees, we recommend the establishment of food, textile and metal industries.2 - Al - Rumaitha city has collected (24.8%) of the total available resources in Al - Muthanna Governorate, so we propose the establishment of wood industries, paper and printing industry and non - classified industries.3 - Al - Khidr City has Collected (15.8%) of the geographical available capabilities, so we propose the establishment of textile and food industries.4 - Establishment of chemical and construction industries in the City of Al - Salman, for obtaining the first place of mineral resources, which is the raw material for these industries.

مانع سعيد العتيبة ودوره الاقتصادي ونشاطه الفكري في دولة الامارات 1946 - 1990

Author name: مالك لفتة مردي المعالي
Supervisor name: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

السياسة النفطية لحكومة عبد الكريم قاسم 1958 - 1963م : دراسة تاريخية == The Oil Policy of the Government of Abdul Kareem Qasim 1958 - 1963 Historical Study

Author name: حسين علي محمد المرشدي
Supervisor name: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: On final touches, it is invaluable to review the basic scientific subjects together with the essential results throughout the study .The study is entitled “ The Oil Policy of the Government of Abdul Kareem Qasim 1958 - 1963, Historical Study”. The study is to consider the subject of oil and its privileged procedures after the revolution of 14th July .From the beginning, oil privilege was the main concern for most of Iraqi people. These privileges imposed form of exploitation and injustice due to illegal considerations. As a matter of fact, incommensurable contracts that led to forfeit the right national advantages. Accordingly, clear manifestations were rather indicated to exploit Iraqi fortune of oil. As a result, the 14th of July revolution had targeted to face such policy and to persist the acquired national rights.The study is divided into prelude and four chapters. The prelude deals with the initial consideration towards Iraqi oil and what European competitions have decided after the 1st World war .Chapter one comes to consider all the oil agreement that established between Iraqi governments and foreign oil companies to investigate forms of exploitation against the Iraqi nation. Such agreements can be identified by the agreement of 1925 which was modified in 1931, the agreement of Mousl Oil Company in 1932, the agreement of Basra Oil Company in 1938 and the agreement of privilege modification in 1952.Chapter two is concerned with the economical and oil intentions of the revolution government showing its achievement to abolish feudatory, disavow the Sterling Group, repossess regional water from Basra Oil Company, retract the privilege of Khanakeen Oil Company to establish the ministry of Oil and finally to consider the Iraqi role to establish OPEC in 1960 . On its part, chapter three has dealt with the oil negotiations which took place between the revolution government and other oil companies showing the main issues of discrepancy .Chapter four has touched on the oil legislation created by the revolution government and to determine the public opinion. Subjects such as law of identifying the locations of investment for oil companies as well as for the National Oil Company is of main concern .Throughout the chapters, the research has concluded the following results :  To achieve its interest, Britain exploited the political situations that dominated all over Iraq next to the 1st World War . The Iraqi part was incapable to deal with the foreign companies supported by their governments . The first oil declaration, which was addressed by Abdul Kareem Qasim the prime minister, had a great influence to ensure the interest of the concerned major countries and moreover to recognize the new Iraqi government together with nonintervention. It is worth to mention that before the 14th of July revolution, oil production in Iraq was dominated by the oil companies which had decided the final decision . The negotiations between the revolution government and other oil companies lasted for three years when 28 meetings were held. The result of these negotiations came to light in April 1961. In return for, the revolution government established a committee to investigate the effective procedures . The oil legislation issued by the revolution government was an inevitable result due to the obstinate attitude on the part of the foreign companies . The initial step of oil industry in Iraq started with the oil laws which were issued by the revolution government to enable Iraq of the national oil fortune . Oil policy of the revolution government together with legislation had contributed to establish foreign coalitions to work against and to overthrow the government in retaliation for losing advantages .
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