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التحليل الجغرافي للنشاط الاقتصادي في قضاء ابي الخصيب واتجاهاته المستقبلية للمدة 1997 - 2015 Geographical Analysis Of The Economic Activities And Their Future Tendencies In Abu - Al - Khaseeb In The Years 1997 - 2015

المستخلص: اكدت توجهات الجغرافية الحديثة على دراسة الموضوعات التي تعالج احوال السكان الاقتصادية، وكانت هذه الرسالة بدراسة النشاط الاقتصادي للسكان قضاء ابي الخصيب وللمدة (1997 - 2015)، اي دراسة( السكان النشيطين اقتصاديا) بوصفهم يمثلون هوية البلد الاقتصادية واتجاهه الا | The modern trends in geography emphasize the study of topics that deal with the demographic settings. This study is an investigation of the economic activity of the population in the town of Abu al - khaseeb during the years 1997 - 2015.ln other words, it studies the economically producing people who make the economic identity of the country and its economic situation in a way that affects the social and economic well - being of the society. The study has been carried out in the south of Iraq, exactly in Abu Al - Khaseeb in the southeastern part of Basrah governorate. Abu Al - Khaseeb covers an area of 1152km2 (6% of the total area of the governorate which is 19070km2) The study attempts to analyze the spatial variation of the economic activity of the population in Abu Al - Khaseeb and to show the size and distribution of the labour force and defining the changes in the tendencies of this activity across the different locations of the area under study. The study contains a spatial analysis of the labour force and its distribution according to the economic activities. It also discusses the measures of the labour forces maps, data and figures are also used to meet the needs of the study.The study revealed that the size of the labour force (the economically producing peoply) in 1997 was 62226(49.9%)in number in the urban areas and 2532(27.4%)in the rural areas. In 2015,the economic activity increased especially in the urban areas.As for the distributin according to the labour type,the study revealed that the paid labourers in the town centre came in the first position in the years 1997 - 2015(53.5%and 47.6% respectively). In the rural areas in 1997, the labour type of work - for - oneself took the first position(43%)whereas the paid labourers type was first(45%)in 2015 because the rate of the type of work - for - oneself fell down in 2015.In 1997,the type of the producing workers(7,8,9)and those related to them came in the first position(25%). In 2015, the job of civil servants and clerks(3)was in the first position(40%)and that meant that there was a trend towards working in the governmental institutions after 2003 loecaue the percentage in 2015 was higher than that of 1997. In 1997, the average of unemployment in the area under study was 25% in the town centre 20% in the urban areas and 10% in the rural areas. In 2015, the unemployment was 30% in the town centre,25% in the urban areas and 12% in the rural areas. This indicated that unemployment increased more in 2015 than in 1997 because most of the productive and industrial institutions stopped working. In addition, the economic policy of the country changed and shifted towards that of the market.As for the future perspectives, moving of the population to the rural areas and the phenomenon of Both saline water are highly affecting agriculture. Most of the agricultural activities are fading away. The agricultural production becomes very low and agriculture, in general, is not supported or encouraged. Besides and because of all this, people who are economically active are shifting to the public centre. And the financial deficit has impacted the economic activists on practicing their activities, especially. The ones that hold certificates from universities a fter, the lack of work opportunities in all the countries seta abolishment’s which caused the number of unemployed people to be increased especially at the years of 2013 - 2014 - 2015.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير كاسب مزعل
اسم المؤلف: احمد رزاق جعو عداي الفرطوسي

قضاء سوق الشيوخ : دراسة في الجغرافية الاقليمية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS Suk Al - Shuykh District A Study In Regional Geography By Using Ceogrphic Information Systeme (GIS)

المستخلص: The research deals with a regional study about Suq Al - Shouk district, which is situated to the south of Thi - Qar province. A previous study about Suq Al - Shouk with its five sub - towns is not available therefore, the researcher had to depend on the field study, observation, watching the different geographical changes through personal interviews.The reason for the choice of subject represents the geographical significance of the study area, because it represents an essential part of the marshes of south of Iraq in addition to its being within a part of sedimentary plateau and the Western Hills, so the region has a significant geographical difference.The objective of the research is to identify the human and natural characteristics of the study area and most importanty spatial geographical factor relationships. The researcher made use of the modern (GIS) geographic technology in addition to the ways and statistical techniques to show the results taken from the study and to prove the hypotheses.The Scientific necessity led to divide the reaserch into four chapters, the first chapter deals with the natural characteristics which include : the geographical location, the geological structure, the surface, the climate, the water resources, the soil and the natural vegetation. The second chapter deals with the populations characteristics, while the third chapter deals with the economic activity of the population of the district. The fourth chapter focuses on the development potential of the district which includes : health,education and transportation services. The study has been consolidated by (49) tables, (40) maps, (28) charts, in addition to illustrations.It was obvious from study that the district depends on the water of the Euphrates river and its branches, and the levels of this water are subject to fluctuation, and also it was obvious that the high increase of the population size of the district during the period of the study at a growth rate of 4.5%. As for agriculture. The study has shown that the area planted with date palms at the rate of 34.5% has the first rank compared with the other crops, whereas cows have the first rank of the livestock at the rate of 59% of the total livestock in the district.In addition the district has different types of industries, notably the construction industry like bricks and blocks and many other industries lice : timber, craft and food. As for the developmental side, it is obviously clear that there are many important archaeological sites in addition to the marshes which will enhance the tourist side of the distrust. The study also reveals an obvious shortage in the number of doctors and in the number of schools according to age groups.The researcher has included a number of proposals at the end of the search in which he thinks they are the suitable solutions to deal with the problem of his research, the most important of which is to make a rural development in the district to protect the local production from neglect, and to develop the tourist side, and to increase the government support to farmers, The researcher hopes that he has contributed to enriching the geographical library with a study about an important area from the areas in Iraq, and success is from God.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: طارق جمعة علي المولى
اسم المؤلف: عماد زيدان حمد الخفاجي

السكن العشوائي في مدينة العمارة : دراسة في جغرافية المدن Squatter Settlement In Amara City - A Study In Urban Geography

المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة مشكلة واقعية اخذت بالتزايد مع ازدياد معدلات النمو السكاني، وزيادة ظاهرتي الفقر والبطالة، وتعد هذه المشكلة تحديا للنظام الاجتماعي والاقتصادي وعقبة اساسية من عقبات التنمية الاجتماعية والثقافية، فالنمو غير الاعتيادي في حجم المناطق السكنية | The study dealt with realistic problem took increasing with the increasing rates of population growth, increasing poverty and unemployment, and the longer this problem is a challenge for social and economic system and basic obstacle of obstacles to social and cultural development, growth is unusual in the size of the random residential areas and the continuation of its appearance, and depending on Mcespbadtha Making control of this growth is difficult irks authorities planning and executive authorities in major cities of the developing world and thus become more of the problems bearing on the reality of city life and structure, as it suffers a lot of cities around the world from the results and the effects of this problem, namely (random settlements served) or slums) or (excesses areas) or (Housing informal or Allasm) No matter how diversified and varied concepts and names it means one thing : It is a moving problem on the reality of the city to Matnottagh effects and cons of urban life. In light of the foregoing this study came to its objectives and hypotheses to address the current problem within the city of Amara, as the study titled (slums in the city of Amarah).Search launched by several variables adopted in this study in order to highlight and illustrate the problem and its size within and its impact on urban life of the city of Amara, the study area was the most prominent are trespassing on the land and the establishment of housing illegal and irregular and are unplanned. The expansion also is planned and random, which resulted in the expansion of slums and the lack of municipal and administrative control of the stakeholders in the city.The letter was included (23) map and (73) and a table (19) form and (17) the image as well as supplements and sources Conclusion very English.The letter came out a set of the most important conclusions that the presence of this kind of random housing is planned to revive the city of Amara, the result of rising land prices and rents as well as the lack of planning policy intact. The slums in the study area due to a natural extension of the study site area which attracted the attention of immigrants to as Maysan province, on the one hand and the availability of employment opportunities in the other. The presence of these slums has a negative effect on the overall what exists In the study service area of all kinds. The these areas and despite the disadvantages that characterized the lack of public services and the infrastructure Fa it's considered a place populated by large numbers of people who suffer from a shortage to a lack of formal housing, also found the results of the study to clarify the concept of zones and random reasons tion within the study area
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
اسم المؤلف: احمد صيهود هاشم البهادلي

العلاقات المكانية بين سكان الريف واستعمالات الارض في زراعة محاصيل البستنة في محافظة البصرة Spatial Relationships Between The Rural Population And The Use Of Land In The Cultivation Of The Farm Crops In Basrah Province

المستخلص: The problem of the study is represented by the inquiry " Is there any spatial variation in the use of land for farm crops cultivation like date - palm cultivation and vegetables? " and " whether there is any spatial variation to rural variables which are related with the rural populations in Basrah province " and whether they (The Independent variables) have an impact in the spatial variation of the use of land in the Cultivation of farm crops (The dependent variable) in Basrah province. The hypothesis confirmed that there is a spatial variation for the variables of the farm crops and rural variables and also we can find that there is a spatial relationship between rural variables which are related to the rural populations (The Independent variables) and farm crops (The dependent variable) in Basrah province. The study indicates to the breadth of area that is occupied by the use of land in the cultivation of the farm crops as ,the rate of its area reached (109982) acre as it represents (53080) of the total crop area which is about (204428) acre. It was also shown that there is a decrease in the area of the ground occupied by the date - palm cultivation in Basrah province. Where it reached in 1952 , (222700) Acres , while it Significantly decreased till it reached in 2015 , (54890) Acre , and the reason for that is due to the negligence in the cultivation of palm for both natural and anthropogenic reasons. It is demonstrated by this study that there is an acceleration rates of growth of population of the rural , as it reached in 1977 , (223184) , While in 2014 , it rose to (550 985) , this increase in the number of rural people is accompanied with an increase in the rural manpower , rural workforce , the agricultural workforce , rural households and the rural households that are awarded the agricultural lands , but "the agricultural manpower" in terms of the relative importance took decreasing till it reached in 1977 ,(130.34%) , While in 2014 , it reached (%6025) and the reason for that is due to the availability of other employment opportunities other than agriculture and get on a fixed income and content.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الطبيعية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: محمد رمضان محمد
اسم المؤلف: حيدر ستار مشكل الحجاج

جيومورفولوجية الجزر النهرية في مجرى نهر الفرات بين مدينتي الناصرية والقرنة باستخدام GIS The Geomorphology Of The River Islands In Euphrates River Between Al - Nasiriyah And Al - Qurna Cities Using GIS

المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة ظاهرة الجزر النهرية في مجرى نهر الفرات بين مدينتي الناصرية والقرنة ضمن الحدود الادارية لمحافظتي (ذي قار والبصرة) في جنوب العراق, بطول (126.80) كم, دراسة جيومورفولوجية تطبيقية باستعمال نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS), لفهم وتحديد العوامل الطبي | This study deals with the phenomenon of river islands in the course of the Euphrates River between the two cities of Nasiriyah and Qurna within the administrative borders of the provinces of Dhi Qar and Basrah south of Iraq, for about 126.80 Km. The study makes use of geomorphologic applications by using geographic information systems (GIS) to understand and identify natural and human factors that influence the formation and development of river islands and geomorphologic process, in addition to the morphologic and morphometric characteristics of the islands, as well as human activities and future investments in the region. The study depended on the use of GIS programs and special field study by taking soil and water samples and drawing cross - sections by using (Acoustic Doppler Current Profile).The study area tectonically lies within the unstable pavement which is affected by the undersurface tectonic movements. Geologically, the area is covered by quartet time deposits that are new disjoint sediments like the deposits of the floodplain which result from the previous stages activities of the Tigris and Euphrates. They include old sediments which date back to the Holocene and Pleistocene ages. Topographically, the surface of the region is characterized by gradual decline from the north - west to the southeast which set the general direction of the Euphrates River.It has been noticed that there are a number of natural and human factors that play a prominent role in the formation and development of the river islands. However, the impact, contribution and interaction of these factors vary in the formation of this phenomenon. Where the natural factors represented by the geologic structure, the decline, and the characteristics of ancient and current climate, as well as the human factors represented by building dams and reservoirs on the basin of the Euphrates River, in addition to the different uses of the water (agricultural, industrial, domestic) and building bridges and waste discharge into the river are all factors that contributed to the formation of river islands within the study area.There is a close relationship between the geomorphologic processes and hydrologic characteristics of the flow of the river as well as the aforementioned factors. The processes that contribute to the formation of the islands vary between being of geomorphologic erosion nature or of sediment nature. This has impacted the classification of the islands according to the affecting process. Erosion islands resultant from the geomorphologic erosion operations lie to the north of the study area. Whereas sediment islands resultant from the sediment operations appear in the middle and southern sections of the study area.The variation of river islands in the study area in their types (permanent, seasonal, joint) and in their morphometric characteristics (dimensions, shapes and areas) is due to the geomorphologic processes that formed them.Visual satellite maps and topographic maps and historic evidence for three periods (1972, 1990, and 2015) were used to interpret the geomorphologic changes within a spatial - temporal framework in the study area. Geomorphologic changes included identifying the location of the islands, their formation, development, transference and disappearance within the consecutive years of the study. The change of the islands and variation in their dimensions is resulted from the balance between the water system and the local geomorphologic environment.Twenty two islands appeared in the course of the Euphrates River between Nasiriyah and Qurna in 1972, and (35) islands in (1990) and (69) islands in (2015). It is noticed that most of the islands developed because of the change in the characteristics of geomorphologic processes from on period to another to reach its peak in 2015 to transfer into permanent islands in a percentage of 45% because of the activity of the sedimentation process. It has been found also that the first thing that the islands do as a natural reaction to their formation is dividing the river into subordinate courses in addition to the main course. Thus, the river appears divergent because of these branches; as a result it is described as braided river or divergent river.The degrees and percentages of the river divergence varied spatially and temporally according to the formation and centering of the islands. It has been found that there is an obvious and higher increase in the degree and percentage of divergence in the southern course of the (original Euphrates) than in the northern course. This is due to the fact that the southern course is longer than the northern one in addition to the increase in the centering of the islands in the southern course as a normal result of the increase of length.The study has shown that river operations, which resulted in the formation of geomorphologic shapes, have impacted the present human investments as well as the available potentials. Across its long history, the river contributed in the process of settlement. Its peregrination lead to the change of the locations of some villages and cities on its banks at that time. In addition to its impact on the variation of settlement types along its course. Where, the linear pattern prevails along the course of the Euphrates and its branches in the region.The emergence of river islands also contributed to the existence of a suitable environment for settlement especially in erosion islands in the northern parts of the course. River islands play an effective role on the other activities like agriculture, irrigation, herding and transportation, as well as its impact on tourism activities where they provide many attractive tourism potentials. Moreover, these islands are in the middle of the biggest marshes whether the central marshes or Alhammar marshes adjacent to the study area
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الطبيعية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: حسين جوبان عريبي المعارضي
اسم المؤلف: ايهاب عزيز درفش الزيادي

الصناعات الصغيرة في قضاءي القرنة والمدينة Small Industries In The Districts Of Qurna And Medina

المستخلص: تعد الصناعة احدى القطاعات الاقتصادية المهمة، وتظهر اهمية الصناعات الصغيرة من خلال عملية تغيير النمط الاجتماعي والاقتصادي والحضاري لاي مجتمع، من خلال احداث تغيير في هيكلة الايدي العاملة وتركيب المهن، كما تعمل على تقليل التفاوت الاقتصادي بين الوحدات الادار | Industry is considered one of the important economic sectors. The importance of small industries clearly appears through the process of changing the social, economic, and civilized aspects of any society through changing the structure of the workforce and professions. They also work on decreasing the economic variation between the administrative units by improving people's living level. In five chapters, the present study sheds lights on small industries in the districts of Qurna and Medina. Chapter one speaks about; the concept of small industries, their characteristics, classification, importance, and their historical development in these two districts which dates back to the beginnings of the dependence of Iraq in 1921. Chapter two deals with the factors of Industrial settlement and the impact of each of which on the emergence and development of these industries in the two districts. Chapter three tackles the industrial processes of small industries and crafts in the two districts. Chapter four displays the geographical distribution of the small industries in the districts of Qurna and Medina; it falls into two sections, section one includes the geographical distribution of the small industries in the districts according to their administrative units. It appears that there is a spatial variation between the administrative units. In Qurna, there are (418) factories that employ (1176) workers, whereas in Medina, there are (951) factories that employ (2359). Iz - aldeen Saleem region comes in the first place with (43%), the center of Qurna district comes in the second place with (17%), in the third place comes the center of Medina district with (15.8%), Imam Sadiq region maintains place number four with (10.6%), Aldair region occupies place number five with (7.9%), Althagher region comes in the sixth place with (5.7%). Section two points out that there is a variation in the distribution of the type of industry in these two districts. Food industries in Qurna included (150) factories which employ (433) workers, whereas in Medina there are (112) factories which employ (330) workers. As for small construction industries, there are (171) factories in Qurna that employ (606) workers, while there are (608) factories in Medina that employ (1625) workers. In reference to cloth making industry, there are (43) factories in Qurna with (52) workers, while there are (65) factories in Medina with (74) workers. As for engineering industries, there are (11) factories that employ (23) workers, while there are (14) factories in Medina that employ (25) workers. In water transportation industry there are (2) factories in Qurna with (3) workers, whereas in Medina there are (10) factories with (10) workers. Typing and flex advertising industry in Qurna included (4) factories with (4) workers. Craft industries in Qurna involved (155) factories with (190) workers, while in Medina there are (91) factories with (115) workers. Aldair region comes in the first place with (28%), Althagher comes second with (21.6%), Imam Sadiq region comes third with (17.8%), in the fourth place comes the center of Qurna district with (13.4%), Iz - aldeen Saleem region comes fifth with (10.6%), in the sixth and last place comes the center of Medina district with (8.6%). Chapter five studies the industrial structure and compares small industries in the two districts. The number of factories in the two districts is (1369) which employ (3535) workers. There isn’t that much variation in small variation where the structure of industry depended on construction industries, metal industries, furniture and wood industries and others. Chapter six tackles the most important problems that face small industries in the two districts like raw material and variation of its prices, whose origin is mostly from aboard, add to this the problem of marketing because of the competition with foreign products. In addition to unqualified workforce that lack technical ability. Environmental pollution is another issue, though small industries cause less pollution in comparison with big industries, some industries like ice industry in the area of study may cause poisonous suffocation because of Ammonia gas especially when the wind direction is to the east. Weak infrastructure is another problem that hinders the process of transporting the products.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: فارس مهدي محمد
اسم المؤلف: ايناس عبد الستار جبر

المشاريع الاسكانية - انماطها ودورها في حل ازمة السكن في محافظة البصرة لعام 2015 Housing Projects : Patterns And Role In Resolving The Housing Crisis In The Province Of Basrah

المستخلص: يعد السكن من الحاجات الاساسية المهمة لبناء المجتمع والدولة، ويرتبط ارتباطا وثيقا بالتحضر والتمدن، وبعملية تطور المجتمعات باشكالها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية على مر العصور، لذا فان توفر المسكن هو من اولويات حقوق الانسان والحاجة اليه ضرورية بصورة مستمرة ودا | Housing is one of the basic needs necessary for building society and country. It is closely associated with urbanization and with the process of development in its economic and social forms, along all ages. The availability of a house is a priority of human rights, and the need for it is permanently necessary. Despite the fact that the right to own a house is legislated in the Iraqi constitution, this right hasn't been given serious and enough attention. That's why most Iraqi provinces suffer from a severe housing crisis which hasn't emerged from the current situation only, but it is accumulation of previous years of negligence from the government and its official committees from the one hand and the increase in the population growth as well as the return of the displaced from and out of the other provinces from the other hand. All this led to the emergence of a severe shortage in the number of housing units, where their number becomes far much less than the number of the families. As the time passes the shortage of the housing units increases and the demand for them increases as well. This resulted in very severe decrease in the number of the housing units. Moreover, it caused a sharp deficiency to provide proper housing.The aim of the study was to give a complete picture about the different types of housing projects, governmental or investment projects, in Basrah province. The study referred also to the different housing patterns, their locations and geographic distribution. It emphasized the degree of contribution of these projects in resolving the housing crisis in Basrah. In its third chapters, the study tackled most of the literary and scientific aspects of this topic. In the first chapter, it dealt with the general concepts of house and housing and housing policy. In the second chapter, it dealt with the different housing patterns, their locations and geographic distribution in Basrah. In the third and last chapter, the study gave future insights of the prospective housing projects in the province. The study ended with some suggestions that would contribute to resolving the housing crisis and developing the projects in the province
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
اسم المؤلف: ايات عبد الوهاب خريبش العلي

التركيب الاقتصادي للسكان في قضاء الزبير لسنتي 1997 - 2015 The Economic Structure of the Inhabitants of AZ-Zubair District for the Period (1997-2015)

المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة موضوع التركيب الاقتصادي لسكان قضاء الزبير الذي يعد من المواضيع السكانية التي تثير اهتمام الكثير من المختصين الجغرافيين اذ يتم ذلك من خلال دراسة خصائصها الديموغرافية وحجم القوى العاملة والتركيب النوعي والعمري للقوى العاملة ونسبة الاعالة ونس | The study of the economic structure is of a great importance in the population studies for it is one of the topics that evoke the interest of geographical specialists. From this the study gains its importance; hence the study aims at identifying the economic structure of Az - zubair district for the period (1997 - 2015) and the demographic characteristics of the workforce and the aspects of the economic structure which include (economic activity, profession, work state) and the most important affecting factors. Az - zubair region, which lies to the south west of Basrah Province and includes three administrative units (Center of the district, Safwan, Om Qasar) has been chosen to identify the degree of spatial and temporal variation of the workforce according to its size. The researcher depended on the data provided by the general censuses of 1997 and 2015. The study consists of five chapters. The first chapter tackles the demographic characteristics, the size of the workforce, the structure of its types, age groups, the degree of dependence, and the average of the raw economic activity. The second chapter displays the distribution of the workforce according to the environment and type. Chapter three introduces the professional structure of the workforce according to the environment and type. Chapter four provides information about the work state of the workforce. Chapter five tackles the factors that affect the workforce (education and marriage). The study reached at the following results, the agricultural activity came first for the period (1997 - 2015) and the production workers came first also in the district
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
اسم المؤلف: لبنى فالح غالي السيلاوي

تغير بعض الخصائص الهيدروكيميائيه لنهر الفرات بين محطتي الناصرية والقرنة - جنوب العراق The Euphrates Hydro - Chemical Changes From Nassriyah To Qurna South Iraq

المستخلص: تبين من خلال الدراسة للخصائص الهيدركيميائية لنهر الفرات في القسم الاسفل من حوض, تاثر الموارد المائية كما ونوعا بالعوامل الطبيعة والبشرية. فقد اتضح من خلال الدراسة اثر العوامل الطبيعية المتمثلة بالموقع الجغرافي للمنطقة في القسم الاسفل من الحوص على انخف | This study analysis the Euphrates hydro - chemical water changes at the lower section. the study consists five chapters, the first deals with the factors affecting water changes such as ( Location, Geology, Topography, Climate, Soil, Natural vegetation cover, Irrigation development of riparian countries, dams and reservoirs and pollution).The second chapter represents the hydrological changes of the river. It focus on water sources the annual, seasonal and monthly water discharges. the annual water discharge includes flood year moderate and dry year ,with discharge variation of 946 (1969) cubic meter per second, 344 (1985), and 34.7 (2009) respectively.Chapter three is dedicated for the chemical variations. These includes (T.D.S, T.H, NO3, SO4, Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCo3, PO4, and Do ) for the period (1967 - 1969) compared with the period of (2014) and (2015 - 2016).Chapter four present the effect of hydro - chemical changes on agriculture development, drinking, animal watering, industrial purposes and environment. The study reveals that the river water become unsuitable for the most uses above.Chapter five discuss the Euphrates water management. It includes fair agreement between the riparian states , construction of now reservoirs , applied advancing irrigation methods , controlling of sewage and drainage water intensive agriculture system, developing of people activities and copration with international Organizations.These measure are vitally important to improve water quality and quantity for the lower Euphrates basin.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: حمدان باجي نوماس
اسم المؤلف: عبد الحسن عبد النبي هاشم حميدي

مصائد الاسماك ومزارع تربيتها في محافظة البصرة Fisheries And Farms Reared In Basra Province

المستخلص: Fish wealth has received a great interest by all countries of the world because of its nutritional value and economic importance, the study area is one of the important areas in Iraq in the agricultural production in both its plant and animal production. Fish wealth is of a great importance due to the availability of water bodies in the province represented by the lower part from the stream of the two rivers (Tigris and Euphrates), and Shatt al - Arab. As well as the waters of the marshes. Basra province represents a sea port of Iraq on the Arabian Gulf's head, and provides the other provinces by various types of sea fish , and that these ingredients can be developed and supported to reach self - sufficiency in achieving food security and reducing imports from abroad.The aim of this study is to reveal the reality of the Wealth Fish in Basra province and analysis of the natural and human Constituents to its relationship by this side and diagnosis of problems encountered the process of production. The study gets about its statements from looking at the fish breeding farms in the dusty lakes and the cages and learn about the natural and human factors affecting it.In the different administrative units in Basra province and conducting personal interviews with a number of fishermen in territorial waters and fresh water, and the owners of fish breeding farms as well as the form the questionnaire which included the sea fishing in the territorial waters and breeding farms fish and a laboratory analysis of water samples in (36) model from the waters of Shatt al Arabs and that of three sites of the Shatt al - Arab which are al Deer district and the two districts of al Hartha and al Faw ,and by (12) models for each site for the years (2015 - 2016 ) two bottle glasses are used in the process of models collection. the price of the one is (1) liter, and it is especially in the collection of water samples for the purpose of the laboratory analysis, and the samples were taken from depth of 2 liters of the river. The Study shows the low capita share of Annual Iraqi individual from the fish meat produced locally, which amounted to 1.79 kg / year in 2002,as it became clear that there is a contrast variation in the amounts of fishing from year to year, and this is due to many factors, including the biological state of the fishes or It may return to primitive ways of fishing or the impact of fish stock by the high fishing effort or the allowed Fishing. And the site of Basra province is considered as a featured site because it is the only province in Iraq, which has access to the sea which provides other province by various kinds of fishes and in spite of the scarcity of water resources by upstream countries (Turkey and Iran) that affected the quality of water in the Basra province ,but it can invest these waters in the development of wealth fish , knowing that species produced in these waters with wanted species by the Iraqi people,and resources represent surface as the Tigris and the Euphrates and the Shatt al - Arab river and the insulation river and tables branching them In addition to the marshes like : Al - Qurna Marsh, Al - Swaib Marsh and Al - Hammar Marsh In addition to marine waters That the total length of its coastline64 km. The surface in Basra province and especially (the Sahel sedimentary) is an appropriate to expand fish breeding farms and especially the Low - lying areas and river basin areas and Marshes and Marshy. The elements of the climate have a great impact on the Fishes and the Solar radiation and temperatures in the Basra province are characterized by a long growth season as well as the appropriateness of these two elements for Fish breeding , except in cases of thermal extremism, especially in the hot season. As for Marine fisheries, through the field study , it is clear that the low in the temperatures has an impact on the presence of fish and their going into the deep regions ( the benthic areas ) and become less in the coastal areas as well as the high temperatures on the fishermen, especially with high relative humidity, causing the self troubles to them with the lack of fishing methods to the coolers devices or heating devices in winter, Thereby preventing the hunter to reach out to the hunting. The Rainfall in Basra province does not have that importance in the fish seasons rather than its volatility and its importance lies on reducing the extremism of the temperatures and reducing the evaporation of water from the docks. Wind has its positive and negative impact on fishes. Winds has an effect on the presence and the plenty of the fishes in the fishery according to the direction of the wind as we mentioned earlier in this subject (the subject of the wind). It is shown that the soil of the province, especially the soil of (Sahael sedimentary) is appropriate to establish farms in this activity in the future. It becomes clear that many of the fish farms breeding that were established was considered as encroachment ( it does not have the projects' permission for fish breeding from the Ministry of Water Resources or the failure to obtain approval from the Ministry of oil) and these farms are from the productive farms and the water quality in the area is appropriate for the cultivation of the fish in the freshwater. It is shown that the fish farming in Basra province confined to the breeding in the fresh water only. And that this activity is suffering heavy losses annually due to the sudden changes in the extents salty during the months of the year. In spite of the existence of the laws that direct fishing operations, but often these Laws are breached and doing fishing in these preventing times. Which are the seasons of migration and reproduction which leads to disallow for the fish to proliferate in a proper way, in addition to that, the using of forbidden means in fishing operations, such as toxins and electrocution and explosives, leading to the extermination of all fish including (Chicks of Fish). Field study discovers that irregular nets are used by the fishermen that the catch all the fish, including small fish without leaving them to grow. as well as the failure to provide a new fishing vessels which are able to save the fish for long periods because it does not contain the refrigerated stores. The role of the current agricultural policy is weak in the development of animal production generally and the fish production in particular because of the lack of the provided assistance ,such as loans and production requirements. As well as a lack of cooperative societies which is specialized in the wealth fish in the province of Basra except one association that specializes in this area namely ( Alnaser Association in al Faw district). And the absence of the role of veterinary institutions in Basra province, and the field study is shown that these institutions do not contribute in the treatment and provide medicines for fishes, forcing the owners of the farms to get treatments from the local markets in a high prices. generally in Basra province the wealth fish faces a lot of natural problems and human life that negatively affect the development of this important activity
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
اسم المؤلف: علي خضير عباس

التحليل الكمي لكفاءة الطـرق بين المراكـز الحضريـة في محافظـة البصـرة Quantitative Analysis Of Roads Efficiency Between Urban Centers In Basrah Province

المستخلص: تعـد شبكة الطرق البرية احد عناصر نظام النقل المهمة , التي لا تتم عملية النقل بدونها , وتمثل شبكة الطرق البرية على اختلاف اصنافها احدى اهم البنى اللازمة لتصعيد وتائر التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في اي اقليم.تهدف الدراسة الى توضيح دور العوامل الطبيعية وا | Land road network is considered one of the most important elements of transportation , It represents one of the elements that contributes to acceleration and social and economic value of any region. The study aims to investigate the natural factors and human factors that affect the extension of this network in Basrah province in addition to the real situation of transportation in it. The movement of vehicles was observed in the different location. some statistical criteria were used to evaluate its efficiency like Arc Gis 9.3, Excel and SPSS , in map simulation and statistical analysis.The study consist of three chapters. Chapter one deals with the factors and variables and affect the extension of the transportation network. Chapter two deals with real situation of transportation in Basrah province.When was chapter three evaluates the efficiency of the network by using some statistical tests. The study shows the nature of the human and natural elements effect on the extension and operation of the network. there is an increase movement of vehicles on the roads between urban centers which doesn’t match the capacity of these roads, especially during the peak hours and holidays. The study also showed the Inefficient road network linking the urban centers according to the indicators used in the study
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
اسم المؤلف: حيــدر عبد الرحمن جــري الحــويــدر

الملاءمة المكانية لمرائب النقل في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية النقل الحضري The Place Suitability Of Transportation Parks In Basra City (A Study In Urban Transport)

المستخلص: تتجلى اهمية الملاءمة المكانية في كونها تقدم الدعم اللازم في اختيار المواقع المكانية الملائمة للاستعمالات بشكل عام والحضرية منها على وجه الخصوص، اذ تعد مدينة البصرة ذات بعد تجاري واقتصادي مهم، كونها تضم اعلى تركز لمؤسسات العمل المختلفة صناعية، تجارية، خدم | The place suitability is so important for selecting the suitable places for all uses and for urban uses in particular. This suitability ensures a maximum degree of functional interaction and controls their overall constructional form. Therefore, the study aims at redistributing parks in the city that ensures the required capacity of smooth movement of cars and facilitate the transportation of people with ease and less effort. Basra city, which has economic and commercial importance, and which includes different commercial, industrial and service establishments of public and private sectors creates a high percentage of daily movement of cars, and witnesses a density of population during the traffic jam times in the mornings and the evenings and during festivals. So, there is a need to plan and design the parks in order to achieve their aims successfully. The study consists of three chapters in addition to results and suggestions. The first chapter is about the distribution of Basra parks and the problem of sites. The second chapter discusses the variables that identify the distribution of parks in Basra city, while the third chapter tackles the functional competence of the parks of the city. The study attains a few conclusions; the most significant one is that there are 10 parks in Basra, four of them are off duty for one reason or another, while six of them are working, half of them in the center of the city in Al - Ashar because of its economical, administrational and service significance. The other three parks are in (Al - Kafa’at, Al - Hadi and Alsumud) quarters. The study has also shown that the daily traffic jams that result from the small width of streets and small size of parks and the unavailability of good service in these parks are the main problems that obstruct transportation in the city and its region. By applying the place suitability logarithm, the study has come to show that the present parks of the city are not suitable to most of the people of the city, and the study referred to the necessity of using the methods of Geographic Information Systems GIS in applying this logarithm in order to identify the suitability of the present parks and select the most suitable places for future parks, and this is the aim of the study
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عبد الرحمن جري مردان الحويدر
اسم المؤلف: وحيـدة داود محمــود الدايني

المناخ وعلاقته بالافات التي تصيب المحاصيل الزراعية في محافظة البصرة Climate And Its Relationship With The Agricultural Pests That Infect Agricultural Crops In Basrah Province

المستخلص: تعد الافات الزراعية من المشاكل الخطيرة التي تواجه الانتاج الزراعي وللمناخ دور كبير في ظهورها وانتشارها خاصة عندما يشذ عن معدلاته او تفوق او تقل عن متطلبات المحصول. تهدف الدراسة الى تسليط الضوء على العلاقة بين الخصائص المناخية لمحافظة البصرة والافات الزرا | Agricultural pests are regarded serious problems that face agricultural production. Climate has a great role in their appearance especially when its rates go up or down the needs of the crop. The present study aims at shedding light on the relationship between climatic characteristics of Basrah province and the agricultural pests that infect the crops of (palms, wheat, tomato, eggplant, cucumber, watermelon, melon, okra and onion). These agricultural crops have a great economic and trophic importance. Therefore, production rates should be raised and its quality should be improved by observing agricultural pests whether they are diseases or insects that affect the quantity and quality of production. Especially if we know that new insects have entered Iraq like Tuta Absoluta and the Red Palm Weevil which started to affect many agricultural crops. Add t this the endemic diseases like Leaf Blights, Fusarium Wilt, and Powdery Mildew which greatly affect the production despite of the suitability of the climatic conditions and other natural conditions. The collection of the data of the study was done through field work. Four sites were chosen (Karmat Ali, Abo - Alkhaseeb, Aldair, and Az - Zubair) to observe the agricultural pests that infect the crops involved in the study starting from the beginning of the agricultural season 2015 - 2016 and to determine the rate of prevalence for each crop according to the location of prevalence. The study is composed of three chapters in addition to the introduction and conclusions. The first chapter is devoted to the analysis of the climatic characteristics of Basrah province, especially those factors that are related to the agricultural process like solar beams, temperature, relative humidity, winds and dust. Chapter two involved the climatic requirements of the crops under study. Chapter three is concerned with the field observance of the diseases that infected the crops and also the insects and natural plants (grass). The study concluded that the majority of the known diseases appear in different rates on the crops. There appeared also some affections caused by insects especially Tuta Absoluta and Red Palm Weevil. The study also concluded that the prevalence of the diseases and insects didn’t reach to the extent that classify them to be epidemic, their prevalence percentages were somehow reasonable within the season 2015 - 2016.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
اسم المؤلف: اية عبد الرضا حامد المازني

الاستقرار الريفي في قضاء شط العرب A Stability Rural In The Shatt Al - Arab District

المستخلص: تهدف الدراسة التعرف على واقع الاستقرار الريفي في منطقة الدراسة والتي تحددت بقضاء شط العرب بحسب وحداته الادارية هي (مركز قضاء شط العرب، ناحية النشوة), اذ اشتمل القضاء على (39) مستقرة ريفية منها (18) مستقرة ريفية تقع ضمن مركز القضاء، و(21) مستقرة ريفية في ن | The aim of this research is to recognize on reality of rural stability in the ears of study, which located at Shatt - al - Arab according to its unit agnosticism, Which is (canton the Shatt al - Arab Center, Canton of Al - Nashua), Which includes (39) rural stable of which (18) are located at Canton Center, and (21) at Al - Nashua township, as Well as that the study improves that that influence 0f the historical dimension to the emergence of rural Settlements as the region Suffers to numerous administrative Changes as merging Al - Nashua township With all its settlements administratively With all Shatt - al - Arab in 1983 after that it Was belonged to Al Qurna township and thus prepare rural Settlements Served increased in the study area.......There are Several factors influenced the distribution of rural stability, including human and other natural and emerged three distributional patterns of Settlements served consisted linear pattern which forms the rate (64.1%) and the accumulated pattern by the rate (12.8%) and the dispersed patterns by the rate(23.1%) of the total numbers stable.The studies showed the variation in sizes settlements some of urban sprawl and its impact on reducing agricultural land area as a result of the process of saie of agricultural land and turn it into housing units resulting from population growth and family fission, as studies addressed the reason that led to the reluctance of farmers for agriculture and showed of farmers for agriculture. Population education, health and marketing as well as study the reality of educational, health and recreational services and the infrastructure as study followed uses of residential, agricultural, industrial and commercial land and therefore the study came out the conclusions aimed at the advelopmement of resistance spot and the advancement of the current betterment will be discussed and explained in detail through the chapters of the message
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
اسم المؤلف: لمى غازي عوفي التميمي

صناعة تنقية وتحلية المياه في محافظة البصرة وافاقها المستقبلية Indastry Of Purification And Desalination Of Water In Province Of Basrah And It'S Future Prospects

المستخلص: تبين من خلال الدراسة ان صناعة مياه الشرب احد اهم الصناعات التحويلية وذلك لكونها تخضع لكل متطلبات الصناعة التحويلية حيث تبرز فيها كافة مقومات الانتاج الصناعي من اختيار الموقع الى احتساب الكلفة وتوافر المواد الاولية والايدي العاملة والعمليات الصناعية في مصا | The study shows that water drink production is one of the most important transformational industries since it yields all the requirements of the transformational industry that all constituents of the industrial production emerge beginning from the choosing of the site , the calculation of the cost , the availability of the raw material and workmen and industrial process that take place in the independent factories up to the emergence of the extrinsic or incidental productions and so on. Therefore this study which consiss of five chapters concerns this kind of industry. Chapter One tackles the following : on the introduction to the definition of water and water cycle in nature , the sources of water and water drink qualities and characteristics , the importance of water for humans , the pollution of water drink , and the seasonal and locational discrepancy of the pollution on water drink in the Governorat of Basrah and the impact of this pollution of the public health. Chapter Two is divided into two sections : section one deas with the historical development of the technicality water drink in the Governorat of Basrah while section two deals with the historical development of water drink desalination in the Governorat Chapter Three : Discusses that factors that establish the water drink industry in the Governorat and the imporatance of each factor and its impact. Chapter Four : Demonstrates the geographical distribution of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. It includes two sections , the first one deals with the geographical distribution of water drink in a province while the second section tackles the geographical distribution of water drink in asector. Chapter Five consist of two sections : The first one surveys the problems concerning the water drink industry in the Governorat while the secand tackles the future prospective of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. The study has arrived at the following results. The production of water in the Governorat of Basrah in simple traditional ways or methods are the accumulation and precipitation , filteration , sterilization by liquid and powder and chlorine while the desalination stations produce water through reverse ozoination. Water is being refined by ozonization and ultraviolet rays. The natural colonization factors especially that of weather , earth and geological structure , the increase and economic factors especially labourers , raw material , marketing , transportation , government policy and personal or individual desire have affected on limiting , the industrial site. Thus , there is a discrepancy between the geographical distribution of water refinery projects and desalination stations in the Governorat of Basrah. So , there are (132 ) projects for refinement , (12 ) of them are in Basrah district , i.e ; (9.09 % ) , (11) projects are in Abu - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; (8.33 % ) , (3) projects in Al - Fao district , i.e ; (2.27 % ) , (4 ) projects are in Al - Zubair district , i.e ; (3.03 %) , (39 ) projects are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e ; (12.12 %) projects some of them are in Al - Medyna district , i.e ; (29.54 %) , and ( 47 ) projects are in Al - Qurna district I.e ; (35.62 % ). As regards the private ( domestic ) desalination station their their number in the Governorat is (88) some of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (20.45 %) , (8) are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; about (9.09%) , (1) station is in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (1.15 %) , (41) stations are in Al - Zubair district , I.e ; (46.59 %) , (2) statios are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e; about (2.27%) , (8) stations , same of them are in Al - Mudianya district , about (9.09%) , and (10) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e ; about (11.30). Regarding those of the government , their number in the government is (50) desalination stations , (7) of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (14%) (2) stations are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district i.e; about (4%) , (9) stations are in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (18%) , (6) stations in Al - Zubair district i.e; about (12%) , (8) stations are in Shatt Al - Arab district , i.e; about (16%) , (11) stations are in Al - Mudianyia district , i.e ; about (22%) , and (7) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e; about (14%). The number of employees in the refinement projects is ( 1263 ) and the number of those in the desalination stations is ( 406 ). The area of the projects of the water drink refinement is ( 242466) millions square meter in the Governorat of Basrah while the area of desalination stations in the Governorat is (65353) thousands square meters. The production of water refinement projects is ( 735619.625 ) cubic meter /hour. The Basrah district takes over the first rank for the production whil is ( 313433.75 ) cubic meter/ hour ,i.e; (42.65%) of the sum total production in the Governorat of Basrah. Al - Qurna district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (118780.25 ) cubic meter/hour , i.e ; about (16.14%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat while Al - Mudianya district takes over the third rank for the production whial is (96674.375 ) cubic meter , i.e ; (13.14 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Abu - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fourth rank for the production whial is ( 64875) cube meter/hour , i.e ; ( 8.83%) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah while Al - Zubair district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is (61437.5 ) cube meter / hour , i.e ; (8.35 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Shatt Al - Arab district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is ( 54768.75 ) cube meter / hour. i.e; ( 7.44%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. While Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (25650) cube meter , i.e; ( 3.49 %) of the sum total The production of the desalination stations is ( 27585) tons/day. Al - Mudianya district takes over the first rank for the production is (8900) tons / day , i.e ; ( 32.25 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Al - Zubair district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (7349) tons / day , i.e ;(26.64 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Basrah district takes over the third rank for the production whial is ( 4492 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 16.28 %)of the sum total of the production. Al - Qurna district takes over the fourth rank for the production (4440 ) tons / day , i.e ; (16.09 %) of the sum total of the production while Abi - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is ( 1684) tons / day , i.e ; (6.14 %) of the sum total of the production. Al - Fao district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is (420 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 1.52 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (300) tons/day , i.e ; ( 1.08 %) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah. It appears that there have been a number of problems some of which concern the transportation degree (network ) and others concern the quality of water , the invested money , and the employees ( labourers ) , and some others concern the nature of production , the decrease of water levels , the increase of salt.The most important of these problems is the increase of salts for in (2012 ) it reaches the highest in Tigris , i.e ; (1239) milimose /cm on August. And it reaches in the Euphrates (2426 ) milimose / cm during March while salt reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( the center ) to ( 3561 ) Milimose / cm on October ; it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( sehaan ) to (7246 ) milisome / cm during August while it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( Al - Lebani ) to ( 4253 ) mi;isome / cm during August. The problem of the decrease of the water level is an effective factor on the process of water drink production that the river water decrease inside the Governorat due to multiplicity of banks and tanks established by the neighbouring countries. This leads to the decrease of water in the Iraqi rivers in a general and in the Governorat in particular. This causes the water to be salty and impure. This decrease also affects on the level of plunger or diver for many water pulling pipes of many refinement projects and consequently the refinement and pumping processes stop at these projects. Moreover , it appears that the problems of networks are considered as a main problem in the pollution of water drink in the Governorat of Basrah being old in age and undergoes constant breakdowns whial lead water greatly to be impure and polluted. Due to these results the individuals share of water in the Governorat of Basrah reaches (275 ) litre / day. These differed among districts that in Basrah district it reaches (239) litre / day , in Abi - Al - Khaseeb it reaches (317 ) litre/ day , in Al - Fao district it reaches (662) litre / day in Al - Zubair district it reaches (130 ) litre / day , in Shatt Al - Arab reaches (341) litre / day , in Al - Qurna district it reaches ( 445 ) litre / day , and in Al - Mudianya district it reaches ( 438 ) litre / day of the collected produced water in the Governorat
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: فارس مهدي محمد
اسم المؤلف: رند عدنان ديوان السعيدان

اثر الموارد المائية في انتاجية بعض الاراضي الزراعية في قضاء السلمان (محافظة المثنى - العراق) The Effect Of Water Resources On Productivity Of Some Agricultural Lands In The District Of Al - Salman, Al - Muthanna Province ـــ Iraq

المستخلص: The present study aim to explain the role of water resources on the production of agricultural soils. This was done through examining the effect of groundwater on the chemiccal properties of agricultural the soils and the role of rainfall the chemeical properties of soils in the center of Salman district, during the period of year 2013 to 2014.. Salman district is loacated in Muthanna province, west of Iraq. It forms about 43.2% of the total area of the province. The geological formations in the study area are different from the third and fourth gelogical ages, with a dmoninating rocks of dolomite, lime, marl and sand rocks. There are many differences in the surface of the study area, where the topographic elevation ranges between 400 m above sea level in the south to 50 m in the north and east north. There are four soil groups recognized in the study area : desert soil, lime rocks, dune and Alluvial soils.These soils are very poor from organic materials and new formed.. The groundwater of the study area is contained from several aquifers especially Dammam and Um - Radhuma formations. Its storage is about 5.341 - 23.918 billion m3, and depended on the infiltration from rainfall on the area and its sourounding lands. The quality of groundwater included testing parameters of total dissolved solid (TDS), electric conductivity (EC) and major dominates the cations and Sulphat (SO4 - ) domnates the anions. The cultivated area of the Salman district about 21103 heactares during the years 2013 to 2014, with domining cereal crops, of 91.92% from the total cultivated area. The groundwater is the main source of irregation, and the amount of water demand for the total area is about 247.093 billion m3 per year. The groundwater contribute for increasing the (TDS) in the soils from 1140 mg/l in the plants soil, while the surface water of rainfall reduces the (TDS) in the soils to 1658 mg/l.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي
اسم المؤلف: محـمد فلـيح عـواد الجنابي

الزحف العمراني لمدينة شط العرب على الاراضي الزراعية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية : دراسة في جغرافية المدن The Urban Sprawl Of Shatt Al Arab City On The Agricultural Lands Appling Geographical Information System

المستخلص: ترمي هذه الدراسة الى الكشف عن التغييرات التي طرات على تقلص الاراضي الزراعية لمدينة شط العرب على اثر الزحف العمراني عليها. حيث تمت مراقبة توسع المدينة على اراضيها الزراعية منذ النشاة وحتى الوقت الحاضر من اجل استنتاج الدوافع والمؤثرات التي ادت الى ان تزحف ا | The aim of this study to detect the changes accord on the reduction of agricultural land of the Shatt al - Arab District as a result of Urban sprawlererSo that it was monitored the sprawler of the city towards its agricultural lands since its commencement till yet to conclude the emotion and effect led to the Urban sprawler towards different direction during the stage of its Urban development or studying the limitation either natural or made by man opponent such this sprawler benefitting from the facilities provided by the GIS systems software. Studying the effects of natural characteristics and changes made by man in its effect or influence on attracting people to the city and there need for residential units for accommodation and then corrosion the agricultural lands which is deemed the basket of city food in addition to its importance pertaining the climate , beatification and environment. Identifying the trends of sprawler of the city so that this study impotence I merged from the importance of the city with the rerate of the studies argue this matter never focus on the Urban sprawler inspire of the change city is witnessed pertaining its population and Urban growth. This study depends upon the historical curricula in appointing the stages of Urban development of the city and the trends of Urban sprawler on the comparative analytical curricula in studying natural specifications and human variables also it accredited the functional curricular in analyzing land usage in regards to its Urban aspects and its functional proficiency by accrediting some plan standards. This study is divided into four chapters proceeded by introduction and followed by conclusion and abstract in English language including tables , maps , figures , whereas the structure and its implication is as follows. First chapter argue the application in studying Urban development of 9 the city , while the second chapter argue the natural features and human variables : Geographical location , its topography soil , water resources and climate. In addition ,the population growth and the geographical distribution. In the third chapter it is argued the land usage in the Shatt Al Arab district included : Residential commercial ,industrial and service usages with the possibility with comparing it with the local standards to identify its functional performance. Fourth chapter discussed the factor of Urban sprawler and then its limitation given entire overview the blank fact of the district represented by basic plans from 1962 till 2004 showing the effect of reduction the agricultural lands as a result of Urban sprawler with identifying the future trends of Urban expansion of the districts. This study concluded group of findings the most important one of which are as follows : 1. The district is expanded during the Urban development stage as it is registered are totaled 14.5 ha since the first construction of the city from 1600 to 1913 , as the district are was increased for the second stage of its Urban expansion to be 45.1 ha ( 1914 to 1957) while third stage had the great rule in expansion the area of the district to be 193.7 ha ( from 1958 - 2002 ) while the last stage upon the economical and social improvement beyond 2003 it is expanded to be 761,3 ha ( from 2003 to 2013)2. As a result of intensive Urban sprawler the area of agricultural farms is decreased as a result of growing population increment from 6285 in 1947 to be 50750 in 2009 agricultural lands is reduced during the term ( 1962 to 1979 ) 556.2 ha to be 346.2 ha during the planning period ( 1980 to 1993) and to be 55.8 for the planning period ( from 1994 to 2004 ) until the during of study.3. The study discovered that 1960 's and 1990 's and 2013 are of the most important points of Urban sprawler on the agricultural lands in Shatt Al Arab district. That’s represented by agricultural lands are done including the location of Basra University , resolution number 18 of 1970 , resolution number 117 of 2000 providing the relevant base of overlapping on agricultural lands in the district and upon the sabotage beyond 2003 it I contributed in merging random construction on the agricultural lands illegally reducing the greenish yard of the district.4. The study shows that there are basis plans of the district proceeded by an attempt to describe the real situation of the district by drawing cad straw maps but all design were prepared for the district are overlapped on by people or the concerned destination to comprehend the population increasing growth or migration movement to the district which is interpreted the failure of the basic plans upon a time of its execution
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2013
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
اسم المؤلف: مرتضى مظفر سهر الكعبي

التركيب المحصولي في محافظة المثنى Crops In Muthana Governorate

المستخلص: Muthana Governorate has got so many agricultural potentials that it can be an area of crops that match with the geographical features on the one hand and respond to an integral part of the local market needs with reference to foods and ingredients on the other. This study aims at shedding some light on the geographical potentials the governorate, in question, has with reference to crops; identifying the features of each crop, and showing the value of the crops as far as Iraq is concerned. This study is also heading to trace the changes the crops undergo across the special shifts or trends.To fulfill the aims mentioned above, the research worker divides her study into four chapters as well as an introduction and a conclusion. Chapter One is on the characteristics of the crops grown in the Governorate of Muthana. Chapter Two deals with the natural and human resources of the crops. Chapter Three focuses on the geographical crops and Chapter Four sheds the light on productive potentials of each crop.The production of the crops of the years 2003 - 4 through 2010 - 11 was of relative stability. For example, the groups of crops were 5 - 6 in number. These groups included (29) grains that covered the greatest part of the cultivated fields ( 86.89 %) whereas fruits and dates ranked the second ( 6.62 %). The rest of rates were represented by three groups ( 3.69% , 2.5 , and 0.31 ). The winter crops were almost dominating ( 90/31 % - 82.7 % ) with reference to the cultivated areas. The crops that people fed on directly were given a high percentage ( 58.6 %). The forage is given the complementing percentage (51.62 %). The season in question was lacking the crops that could be used as raw material in certain national industries.The crops have witnessed several changes or shifts during the last decades due to the changing circumstances the governorate went through. The shifts in production were of various spatial indexes. These crops could fall into two varieties the first of which included ( 9 )crops that proved to be of a positive index of values between ( 19.970 - 399.266% ) whereas he second variety included ( 3 )crops but of a negative index of values between ( - 1302.297 - 33.257 ).
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2013
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: محمد رمضان محمد
اسم المؤلف: سعاد عبد الله فضيح

الجزيـــرة الحراريــة والراحة البايومناخية لمدينـة السماوة Heat Island And Bioclamitic Comfort The City Of Samawah

المستخلص: تهدف الدراسة الى التعرف على الخصائص المناخية في مدينة السماوة , خاصة درجات الحرارة والرطوبة وسرعة الرياح للكشف عن وجود جزر حرارية, كذلك دراسة العوامل المؤثرة عليها واثرها في راحة الانسان , وبالتالي تسهم الدراسة في التنمية والتخطيط المستقبلي للمدينة.عتمد | This study aims to define the effect of the climatic characteristics in the Samawa city, especially the temperature , humidity, wind speed and to discover the islands heat to enable. Also this study aim to stop the effect of pollution on human comfort. us to make use from the results in planning side for future to Samawa city This study come according to the field work which divides the samawa city to eight axes covered the whole city. and ensure that each axis number of monitoring points and the ( Intersection of the Court) of the city center. cruising him by team coach ,and has operations field monitoring by measuring devices (Digital)to measure the temperature and relative humidity for all the seasons of the year. July represents summer season. October represents autumn season. January represents winter season. April represents spring season. The study contains four chapter the first chapter the relationship of heats island with climates elements that affects on the elements.The second chapter included affected factors on the city temperatures It resulted from factors converging natural and human factors the most important factors are the natural bodies of water that divides the city into two parts, in addition to the impact of climate characteristics in the city, but the most important human population density and height of buildings and paved streets and green spaces in the city and traffic density, all these factors have significant impact degrees the temperature and relative humidity and wind speed. The third chapter included the thermal characteristics of the is ands This has resulted through afield study in addition to thermal Island Islands secondary Islands it was the highest thermal difference between the city center and the adjacent countryside through observations as it amounted to (5,9) in the (Al - Taha) the direction of the axis of orchards Eastern neighborhood, The highest difference between the center and the weather station in the city as it was (3,3m), The fourth chapter comfort Albaeumanak hih and guarantees the heat island in the city of Samwah And through the use of the presumption of cooling wind and figure to (Oligay), The study rest and in the autumn season (October).and In the spring season (April) while in summer (July) it not record the comfort area in Samawa city as a result of high temperature. There isnt any record in winter season (January) so the comfort area never record because of low temperature. Both need two months to some of the requirements of stirring antenna or moisturizing antenna or solar radiation.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2013
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
اسم المؤلف: فاطمة راضي ساجت الجابري

دور الموانـئ التجارية العــراقية في تجارة العراق الخارجية للمدة 1997 - 2010 The Role Of The Iraqi Commercial Ports In Iraq'S Foreign Trade For The Period 1997 - 2010

المستخلص: Marine transportation is considered as a crucial economic front and it has a vital role in the economic development. It contributes to the transportation of goods and merchandise due to its unique properties that distinguishes from other means of transportation. Two thirds of the external trade is done through marine transportation. Iraq has a 65 klm coast that overlooks the Arabian gulf. This coast is the only port through which Iraq is connected to the world and through which, external trade is conducted. It has a pioneer role in external trade with the markets of the world. Consequently, some ports have been constructed along this coast. They are part of the transportation system. These ports include north Um Qasr , south Um qasr, Khor Al - Zubair, Abu Floos and Al - Ma’aqal. The present thesis aims at investigating the strategic importance of Iraqi trade ports anf the role they play in the external trade. This represents one of the pillars of Iraq economy and the development of these ports represents the development of the country. The study is comprised of five chapters. Chapter One deals with the historic development of Iraqi marine transportation. It consists of three sections. Section one deals with the development of parts. Section two tackles the classification of ports while section three shows the development of Iraqi transportation fleet. Chapter Two covers the human and natural barriers of marine transportation. Chapter Three outlines the orientation of marine transportation from 1997 to 2010. Chapter Four deals with the waiting columns (convoys) theory and its application in the ports of Iraq. Chapter Five shows the problems and barriers that Iraqi ports suffer from and the future expectations to Iraqi ports. The study ends with some conclusions and recommendations
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2013
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
اسم المؤلف: سهيلة صبيح ناصر المياحي

الصناعات التحويلية في محافظة المثنى واقعها وافاقها المستقبلية Manufacturing Industries In The Province Of Muthanna The Reality And Future Prospects A Thesis Submitted

المستخلص: The manufacturing of the most important economic activities that lead to building an economic base sophisticated and technically advanced, scientifically and technology, and then Thaoh greater opportunities for economic progress of any country. This study examined the reality of the manufacturing industries in Muthanna province, which is located in the southwestern part of Iraq and for the period from 1980 to 2009. Gained this study significance through several things most important is the lack of a similar study at the county level, and also in order to draw a clear vision for the future of these industries, and through working knowledge of relative importance, and to study its components geographical, and stand on their geographical distribution by identifying the structure, and relational knowledge of the relationship between them and the basic Mrtkzadtha, and then detect the size of the ingredients of the investor in order to detect the surplus, in order to develop plans and investment policies studied. This study relied on government data, in addition to relying on information from some books and university studies, as well as the data and information collected by the field study. The study found several results, including the province of Muthanna located at the site of a good geographical mediates between the southern provinces and the central provinces, and also contain elements of natural geographic and human and that played a big role in the endemicity of these industries, and through its geological and diverse water resources permanent normal runoff and extensive ground spaces, also contain population numbers is one of the important sources of manpower, and the province has a network composed of transfer of the railway network and major and minor ways. And diversified industrial structure of manufacturing through the diversity of sizes institutions between large, medium and small, and return most of the ownership of these institutions to the private sector, except for some institutions that belong to the public sector, either the geographical distribution of these industries has shown us that most manufacturing industries are concentrated in the centers of the province and especially center Elimination of Samawah, which contained the highest ratios. Turning to the issue of problems faced by these industries has show us that it suffers from several problems affected directly and indirectly in their work, which led to the impact on their production due to the loss of most of its energies design, and the most serious problems generated by these industries is the problem of environmental pollution and Assorted three air, water and ground. When resorting to the use of Electronic Calculator by program spss show that manufacturing ties differentiated between positive and reverse with factored Home, revealed by knowing the amount of saturation of these industries of what makes geographical presence amount of the surplus of the ingredients is an investor, which opens the door to future prospects have. The most important recommendations that are considered by the researcher is necessary from the point of view is to work on opening specialized centers working to make the necessary studies and different and providing guidance task for industrial process and to open training courses for workers in industries in order to develop their technical skills, and intensify efforts to invest and exploitation of natural resources , and the exploitation of the geographical location of the province by opening an international border port, and finally work on the development of manufacturing technology and technically.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
السنة: 2012
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
اسم المؤلف: ماهر حيدر نعيم الجابري

دراسة مقارنة لمفاهيم الديمقراطية وحقوق الانسان المتضمنة في كتاب التاريخ للصف السادس الادبي في جمهورية العراق وما يماثله في بعض الدول العربية ومدى اكتساب الطلبة العراقيين من المفاهيم المشتركة بينهما A Comparative Study Of Democracy And Human Rights Concepts Included In The History Book For The Sixth Preparatory Class/Literary Branch In Iraq With Its Counterparts In Some Arab Countries And The Iraqi Students' Acquisition Of Their Mutual Concepts

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: التعرف على مفاهيم الديمقراطية التي ضمنت في كتاب التاريخ للصف السادس الادبي في العراق وما يماثله في بعض الدول العربية والمقارنة بينهما في ذلك.و التعرف على مفاهيم حقوق الانسان التي ضمنت في كتاب التاريخ للصف السادس الادبي في العراق وما يماثله في بعض الدول ا | The current study aims at : Identifying and comparing the concepts of democracy in the history book for the sixth preparatory class/literary branch in Iraq and its counterparts in some Arab countries. Identifying and comparing the concepts of human rights included in the history book for the sixth preparatory class/literary branch in Iraq and its counterparts in some Arab countries. Identifying the common concepts of democracy in the history book for the sixth preparatory class/literary branch in Iraq and its counterparts in some Arab countries.Identifying the common concepts of human rights in the history book for the sixth preparatory class/literary branch in Iraq and its counterparts in some Arab countries. The researcher followed the descriptive approach in the current study, and then chose the method of content analysis, because it is appropriate to achieve the objective of the study. The study population consisted of the history book for the sixth preparatory class/literary branch in Iraq and its counterparts in some Arab countries, and the students of the sixth preparatory class/literary branch in Iraq. The study sample included the whole content of the four history books which has (745) pages and ( 542) students.The researcher prepared a list of the concepts of democracy and human rights and presented it to the experts to evaluate its validity. As for the stability of the tool of analysis, it was extracted in two ways; the first was the re - analysis by the researcher himself over a period of time, and the second way was by two external analysts hired by the researcher. Co - efficiency was very high which met the purpose of the study. The statistical tools used in the study included repetitions, percentages, and Holsti Formula. The researcher also built a test to see how much the Iraqi students acquire the common concepts in the four books. The reliability of this test was measured by the Split - Half Method which was (0.872) after being corrected by Gittman formula. In its final form, the test consisted of(48) MCQ items whose face and content validity and internal consistency and discriminatory power and the efficiency of the wrong alternatives were measured by the Split - Half Method which was (0.922) after being corrected by Gittman formula by using the SPSS software. The number of the concepts of democracy and human rights being analyzed in the four books is (3001) concepts (785) of which were concepts of democracy and (2216) were concepts of human rights. The Egyptian book has the greatest number of these concepts; it included (1077) concepts which make (35.888%). The Emirati book came in the second place, it included (830) concepts which make (27.6575%). The Iraqi book came in the third place, it included (769) concepts which make (25.624%). The Jordanian book came in the last place, it included (325) concepts which make (10.829%). The number of the mutual concepts of democracy and human rights in the four history books is (16), (6) of which were concepts of democracy and (10) were concepts of human rights. Analysis of the results have shown that the number of ideas and their distribution is (2862) in the four books. The history book for the third secondary class/literary branch in Egypt came in the first place; it included (1032) ideas which make (36.058%). The history book for the twelfth class in the UAE came in the second place, it included (818) ideas which make (28.581%). While the history book for the sixth preparatory class literary branch in Iraq came in the third place; it included (718) ideas which make (25.087 %). The history book at the secondary stage literary section of the two levels III and IV in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan came in the last place; it included (294) ideas which make ( 10.272 % ).After the researcher has applied the test of the acquisition of the mutual concepts of democracy and human rights on the (542) students. He corrected their responses to the items of the test. He, then, processed the results statistically. Results have shown that the calculated T - Value is (3.042) which is higher than the tabulated T - Value which is (1.960) at (541) degree of freedom and (0.05) level of significance, which indicates the existence of statistically significant differences between the SMA and medium - premise and in favor of the largest value (premise average) which means members of the sample acquisition of the concepts of democracy and human rights is weak.In the light of the results, the researcher recommends a number of recommendations : 1. Instructing designers and authors of the four history books to work on promoting the strengths of dealing with and displaying the quality and quantity of the concepts of democracy and human rights and finding solutions for the weaknesses of dealing with the concepts that were not found in the books.2. Diversifying the sources of the concepts of democracy and human rights for the students besides the textbook. The teacher is a role model and school libraries, and means of audio - visual media, the global network of information internet provide effective support to these gains.3. The authors of history books should add a question or more to the questions that follow the chapters or topics that address one of the concepts of democracy and human rights which urges the student to think, wonder, inquire and investigate.As a completion for this study the researcher suggests to conduct researches and studies including : - 1. A comparative study of the history book for sixth - grade literary equivalents in other Arab countries (Gulf or Maghreb or African) in the concepts of democracy and human rights contained therein.2. A balanced study between the history books for the preparatory stage in Iraq and the history books in the counterpart stage in the Islamic countries.3. Conduct a study to measure the awareness of teachers of history in the preparatory stage of the concepts of democracy and human rights are included in the history books.4. Conduct a study on the effectiveness of a suggested educational program for the acquisition of the concepts of democracy and human rights which are included in a history book for sixth - grade literary in Iraq.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم العلوم التربوية والنفسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: المناهج وطرائق التدريس
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
اسم المشرف: تحسين فالح مبارك الكيم
اسم المؤلف: قاسم محمد كريم

التمايز النفسي وعلاقته بمعايير اختيار شريك الحياة لدى طلبة الجامعة Psychological Differentiation And Its Relation With The Choice Of A Spouse In University Students

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Modern society faces so many domestic problems that drive the youth to think twice on their priorities including marriage and the way of choosing a life partner. Choosing a partner is a very complicated process that needs experience and a skill that could not be available with the youth.One of the crucial decisions that a man make is choosing a partner. It represents the first corner stone in building the expected happiness and prosperity in case this decision is well - made according to reasonable criteria that meet the future ambitions of the person. If the choice is not appropriate for one reason or another it will lead to problems that could threaten the person’s future psychological security.The most differential person is more independent in making up his mind is not affected by others and this reflects his awareness to his personality. According to (Witkins,0191) people with low levels of differentiation are easily subjected to other people’s opinions because they do not rely heavily on their judgments. They respond in a fluctuating way and they cannot make a clear cut line between their ideas and other people’s ideas.The aim of this study is to arrive at a decisive understanding to the psychological differentiation in fourth - year students at the university level. The study also tries to arrive at significant differences according to gender variables, major of study (scientific or humanitarian), and knowing the best criteria for choosing a partner.A random sample of 311 students of both majors is chosen for the present study. Two procedural tools have been used. The first is Al - RamaHI (5103) psychological differentiation scale. The psychometric properties have been verified in addition to validity. Reliability is done by test re - test technique and it is found 18.5. and by Alpha Corenbach it found 1..0. The second tool is spouse choice scale which is constructed by the researcher. The psychometric properties have been verified like face and content validity. Reliability is done by test re - test technique and it is found 18.3 and by Alpha Corenbach it found 1. 90.The main results of the study : 0 - The psychological variable is the most outstanding one in the answers of the sample. It represents choice number one in fourth - year students at the university level.5 - There is a significant difference between psychological differentiation an the choice of a spouse.The researcher arrives at some conclusions as the sample of the study have a psychological differentiation that contributes to the their independence in decision making in addition they have a clear vision in choosing their partners.The main recommendations : Symposiums and lectures should be held to encourage students to achieve independence in taking decisions inclosing choosing a spouse.It is suggested that a study should be conducted on choosing a partner with some psychological factors.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الارشاد النفسي والتوجيه التربوي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الارشاد النفسي والتوجيه التربوي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
اسم المشرف: عبد المحسن عبد الحسين خضير
اسم المؤلف: رشاش نوري محمد اليوسفي

اساليب مواجهة المشكلات لدى المسترشدين وغير المسترشدين في المدارس المشمولة بخدمات الارشاد التربوي : دراسة مقارنة Style Coping Problem To Counselor & Un Counselor Reporting School Educational Counselling Services A Comparative Study

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Problems associated with everyday life events , Since we are constantly exposed to and from different sources , They haunt us in the home, school, street work, and sometimes the us crisis stand powerless and compel us to search for ways of successful response. Individuals vary in their dealings and ways to face those problems through their methods and strategies they use, and how to realize them. And it is determined by the current problem in comparison methods address problems of target samples in search of the seeking guidance and not the seeking guidance, both male and female students in secondary schools covered by the services Psychological counseling and guidance Center in Basra Governorate. To put this problem under consideration and study researcher sought to achieve a number of objectives which established the current search. ? Research objectives : 1. methods of confronting the problems of the students the seeking guidance and not the seeking guidance on reporting school educational counselling services. 2. statistical significant differences in methods address problems among students the seeking guidance and not the seeking guidance on reporting school educational counselling services according to the variable type (m - f) and extension services (guided - guided). 3. type methods address problems among students the seeking guidance and not the seeking guidance on reporting school educational counselling services according to the variable type (m - f) and identification of extension services (guided - guided) through the statistical hypothesis testing. To move these goals into application Finder built three hypotheses of zero to assess the quality and level of significance of differences between samples (Counselor - un counselor ) to measure areas face major problems in the light of the variable ( Sex and exposure to extension services ).? Search samples Combine search three samples are : - Sample construction reached its size (340) students and (300) was examined to calculate structural honesty and (40) checked the sample Reliability. - Sample final application included (350) students as a sample guideline, and reality (185) led, (165) guided dragged way deliberate. - Random sample size reached 1106 students, which has been selected (756) was examined as a sample guideline equivalent to sample inspired, and reality (396) and (360) student. ? Search tool : The researcher also build scale methods address problems features (42) distributed over three major's magazines contain twelve method to address the problems. The researcher may restrict scientific steps to build measurement tools , It was honestly the tool by way of honesty and truthfulness Banai and honesty factor. It also verified the tool stability test method and test. The researcher also organized information form includes descriptive variables affecting results , The sample was intended to reward others guided with the sample inspired to ensure accurate scientific comparisons. ? Statistical methods : After applying the scale of research on core sample research researcher used a number of statistical methods to analyze data including (Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage ) In addition to the use of statistical pouch ( spss ) To analyze one way envoi. ? Search results : Search results showed a prevalence of mixed methods which came first for search samples (Counselor - un counselor ) Followed by methods focused on the problem and then emotion focused methods for the seeking guidance that came with the latest rankings, while ranking second emotion - focused methods followed in latest rankingsProblem - focused methods for sample not inspired , The results of the sample to the subsidiary methods contained in methods of confrontation focused on the problem demonstrated the superiority of the sample inspired both male and female sample others guided by adopting the method of active confrontation followed by the method of problem solving , While the sample is not only inspired by the method of suppressing a source and method of suppression of competing activities. Methods that contain confrontation emotion - focused methods, the sample has inspired my style of emotional catharsis and acceptance , Although this result varied among each of the seeking guidance and the seeking guidance in making emotional venting method the method acceptance among females , While the method acceptance on emotional venting in males, while occupied the first withdrawal method among respondents non - guided , This sample also participated with the sample inspired on emotional venting method adopted by the second. I got this sample to varying methods (escape, denial, acceptance) was more receptive male and an escape from confronting problems, whereas females are more escape and denial of problems. As for mixed methods, male and female have agreed on the importance of reference samples of religion and occupied it first among mixed methods in the last two results. But the results varied between them over other methods (Social support social support - practical emotional ) It occupied the social support practical method for the second order for the sample inspired, while the sample is not inspired more inclined to support social - emotional. In the light of the variable sex results showed existence of differences between the sample and the sample inspired others using methods focusing on the problem and the differences recorded in favor of the sample inspired both male and female. And the result has emerged for mixed methods. While differences in favors of non - sample inspired both male and female styles of confrontation focused on emotion. At the end of the search ended Finder A set of recommendations and proposals.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الارشاد النفسي والتوجيه التربوي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الارشاد النفسي والتوجيه التربوي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
اسم المشرف: مائدة مردان محي الطعان
اسم المؤلف: احمد جمال احمد

المرونة المعرفية وعلاقتها ببعض انماط الشخصية التسعة وفق نظرية الانيكرام لدى طلبة الجامعة Cognitive Flexibility And Its Relationship With Some Of The Nine Personality Types (Enneagram) Among University Students

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Hindrances of cognitive flexibility are represented by the difficulty to use the appropriate strategies to face the different situations that the individual faces, and that learners' tendencies to understand study materials tightly by imposing one knowledge - based system is by all means inappropriate, and the treatment of limited number of the dimensions of the phenomenon is a problem by itself. University students face many hindrances and pressure of different types which play an important role in building their personality sides. The research problem is set by the following questions : Do university students have cognitive flexibility? What is the commonest personality type among them? Is there any relationship between cognitive flexibility and theirpersonality type?Cognitive flexibility, as a mental performance feature, helps the individual to change and multiply ways of mental dealing with matters according to their nature. The ability to change the cognitive strategies that are used in the treatment of the new and unexpected circumstances and situations of the students is an important dimension of the human personality dimensions which cares about gaining new styles of human behavior and get rid of old and static ones. Moreover, the study of personality types and understanding its dimensions and identifying the commonest personality type among students made educationalists and psychologists interact with them seriously and actively. The importance of this research stems from the importance of university students as they are the basic pillar of development, progress and production; they are the builders of the present and future.1. Identifying cognitive flexibility among university students. 2. Identifying cognitive flexibility according to gender variable (males - females).3. Identifying cognitive flexibility according to study specification (scientific - human)4. Identifying personality types among university students5. Identifying personality types according to gender variable (males - females).6. Identifying personality types according to study specification (scientific - human)7. Identifying the relationship between cognitive flexibility and personality types.The present study is limited to the University of Basrah (fourth year students) both sexes (males - females) day study only, whose study specification is (scientific - human) academic year 2015 - 2016.In order to achieve the goals of the research the researcher built the scale for the cognitive flexibility following the scientific steps for building psychological scales. Face validity of the scale has been achieved after being shown to a jury of experts and specialists in the field of education and psychology and psychological measurement.Differential validity of the scale has been calculated through the application of the scale on a sample of (400) students. The stability of the scale has been verified by retest procedure, it was (0.84), and by Alpha Cronbach's method, it was (0.81). The researcher used personality typology scale according to Enneagram (centre of emotions) proposed by (Riso & Hudson, 1995) which was translated into Arabic by (Alyasseri, 2004), which was applied to the Iraqi environment.Personality typology scale (centre of emotions) is composed of three personality types (the helper, the performer, and the individualized). The validity of the scale has been determined by a jury of experts and specialists. The differential validity of the scale has been calculated through applying it to a sample of (400) students. The stability of the scale has been calculated by retest procedure, it was (0.83 the helper type), (0.82 the performer type), and (0.82 the individualized type).The research reached at the following results : 1. Goal number one result has shown that university students have cognitive flexibility.2. Goal number two result has shown that there are no statistically significant differences between the individuals of the research sample according to the gender variable (males - females).3. Goal number three result has shown that there are no statistically significant differences between the individuals of the research sample according to the study specification variable (scientific - human).4. Goal number four result has shown that the highest mean is that of the (helper) type, the (performer) type came in the second place; the individualized type's mean is the lowest.5. Goal number five result has shown that; there are statistically significant differences for the helper type of human study specification. There are statistically significant differences in the performer type between human and scientific study specifications.6. Goal number six result has shown that there are no statistically significant differences in the helper type according to the gender variable. However; there are statistically significant differences in the performer type according to the gender variable for males at the expense of females. There are statistically significant differences in the individualized type according to the gender variable for females at the expense of males.7. Goal number seven result has shown that there is a positive correlative relation (0.981) between cognitive flexibility and the helper personality type, there is a positive correlative relation (0.980) between cognitive flexibility and the performer personality type, there is a positive correlative relation (0.974) between cognitive flexibility and the individualized personality type.In the light of the results, the researcher proposed a number of suggestions and recommendations.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم العلوم التربوية والنفسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: علم النفس التربوي
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم غالي محسن العيداني
اسم المؤلف: فجر حسين كاظم السماوي
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