البحث — المستودع الرقمي العراقي

المستخلص: The problem of indebtedness is considered one of the main problems from which the developing countries , including the Arab countries , suffer due to a gap in the local resources : e.i. savings are unable to cover the required investment. This problem increased in the last three decades of the past century to be at the top of the problems that these countries suffer from. The foreign indebtedness is defined as an outer commitments of governmental debt including national governments or one of it’s attachments such as departments or Agents in addition to the past independent governmental. The accumulation of the foreign debts of the indebted Arab countries led to clear marks on their economies. The average of these debts had been increased more than the average of the local production besides the great decrease in the local accumulations which enforce these countries to knock the door of the foreign debts in order to obtain the required sums to fill the gap of their balance of payments. It had been concluded from this study that most of the Arab countries are still suffering from unsolved problem represented by the disability of the local resources to cover the requirements of the economical development. The effects of this problem had over come the economical aspects of these countries to the social and political aspects due to which the political decision of the indebted countries had been subjected to the control of the super power in addition to hindering the cultural and social efforts of these countries. The sums that have paid in installments or interests, reduced the average of the foreign currency exports and that affected the ability of these countries to import their needs of goods and other services. This requires to create a United Financing Arab Corporation able to provide the financial resources from the petroleum countries and directing it centrally by an economical way forwards the disable countries in order to achieve stable Arab development besides some of the Arab countries will buy the Arab debts from their foreign origins in order to face the problem of the foreign indebtedness and scheduling the debts and to limit the short - term foreign loans of high benefits.

البيئة واهميتها الاقتصادية في ضوء نظرية الاستخلاف الاسلامية == The Environment And It'S Economical Importance In The Light of The Theory of The Islamic Successor Appointment

اسم المؤلف: عماد خليل عيدان الشجيري

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

السنة: 2005

الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The subject of environment protection has acquired a special importance because it did not restricted on limited part, but it expand to include the economical, social and political dimensions. The world senses the threaten dangerous for the surrounding environment where he live, so the laws enacted to beat on the frivolous hands to restrict the gained deterioration, the effort did not limited to the single effort, but, the state community seeked through his different establishments like the united nations and their subsidiaries to gather the international efforts to protect the environment, our only boat.The Muslims inattentive that their Immortal Islamic law (Sharia) where it is the seal of missions, had surrounded with all the sides concerning the human life, it exploit the universe starting from the environment, then made him a successor on the glob, necessitated on him the restrictions and limitation for his dealing with this land (environment) to ensure his and her safety.This thesis aim to explore the role of the Islamic law (Sharia) in protecting the environment through the principle of theccessor appointment, to achieve that, the thesis had to be divided into three chapters. Chapter one dealt with the subject of protecting environment in the light of the international laws, where , section one reviewed the international efforts for some advanced states and Arabic countries, section two reviewed the efforts of the united nations in protecting the environment, where section three dealt with economical importance of the environment.Chapter two dealt the subject of the successor appointment in the light of the Islamic law (Sharia) where section one took the concept of the successor appointment and their kinds, section two dealt with the laws of successor appointment and section three dealt with the limitations of the successor appointment.Chapter three specialized for the successor appointment and environment through three sections, section one dealt with the purpose of the Islamic law (Sharia) and her role in protecting environment, section two dealt with practical procedures for the Islamic law (Sharia) in protecting the environment, and section three the role of the successor appointment in protecting the environment, it also include the conclusions, recommendation and summery.

اثر التحول نحو النشاط الخاص على الموازنة العامة في الاردن للمدة (1980 - 2001) == Privatization Impact On Jordan Budget (1980 - 2001)

اسم المؤلف: وليد خلف علي الزعبي

اسم المشرف: فريد جواد كاظم الدليمي

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

السنة: 2005

الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Most of developing countries suffered from economical crisis in 1980s of the last century which was caused by the external debts. In order to avoid this crisis and to rectify imperfections in economy, these countries tended to. Implement recitification programs that has led to change the economical policies that were implementel baler. Recenty, Jordan has tended to Privatization and the main reason for that are the economical crises from which Jordan has suffered. So, Jordan adapts rectification policies, the most important of which is Privatization policy as a result of unsatisfied Performance of the Public Sector, This study aims at : 1 - Evaluation privatization impacts on Jordan general budget.2 - Studying the of privatization on some general economical remarks in Jordan economy. This study involves four chapters : The first deals with the concept of privatization, its aims, techniques and the obstacles it was faced by. The second chapter deals with presenting and analyzing on Jordan general budget. The third chapter deals with the direct impacts of privatization on Jordan general budget, Finally, the third capter presents the indirect impacts of privatization on Jordan general budget. This study leads us to infer some conclusions, the most important of which : 1 - One of the most important reasons that makes the Public sector companies failing at performing its duty is the laws and instructions by which these companies are working since these laws and instruction limited the activity of public sector companies. 2 - Privatization process has led to decrease the general external debt of the national grass product from 223% in 1989 to 78. 4% in 2001 Also, this process has led to decrease the general internal debt of the national gross product form 41% in 1989 to 22% in 2001 which has positive impact on the general budget. This studs steers the researcher to the following recommendations. 1 - To motivate the private sector for investment, there is necessity, for a legal background that protects it and saves the capital. In addition to profits of the investment process. 2 - Gradual preenting of interests for the privatized companies in the stock market to get the best income. That is because presenting the whole interests may cause a decrease in their prices. Consequently, the price of buying the government companies lass than the compete price.

الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر ودوره في الاقتصاد الصيني

اسم المؤلف: قتيبة محمد صالح

اسم المشرف: صلاح مهدي عباس البيرماني

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

السنة: 2005

الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The foreign direct investment is an important phenomena in the Global economy. It appeared in the middle of nineteenth century when the American companies started to invest in United Kingdom.But this phenomena has Witnessed a great development in the last thirty years which due to many reason such as : increased the problem of debts of the world , extension and development collapse of Socialism camp , the fell of Soviet union and the Globalize. All that reasons make the foreign direct investment the suitable solution for many economical problems of the world. Many Developing countries become an important places for the foreign direct investment because of their politico - social - economic sources. China is one of these developing countries. China has witnessed anew leader ship in 1978 who has anew philosophy and view which based on. Chine’s interest and Its mean was an openness on the external world ,there fore ; the leadership put in to operation the forces of the market in Chines economy by following a slow gradual strategy and avoid big shocks through a wold , large branched dealings this dealing is called Reform and opening. This study tries to Know the role of the foreign direct investment in the economy of host states and tries to decide the range of the posterity of the role in the in the economic changes depending on the chines experiment which this study consider it as a ruler to decide and know the role. This study aims to find the importance of foreign direct investment for the host countries by knowing Its role in the economy of these countries. The hypothesis of this study is that the foreign direct investment has positive and effective roles on the economy of host countries if they are followed a suitable policy , procedures and lows which deal with the foreign direct investment since the chines experiment has proved its positively through it’s a achievement. This study depends on the historical motheds of analyses in order to know the history of this phenomena and its development since its beginning in addition to historical study of Chinese experiment to know its most important development. This study reline the motheds to get specific conclusion about this phenomena and about the Chines experiment , therefor, this study divides into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the theatrical frame of the foreign direct investment since the beginning until today. this chapter is divided in to three sub chapter. The second chapter is divided in to to two subchapter. It deals with the historical mouthed of Chines economics since the socialism revolution till now a day. The third chapter is divided in to two subdivision which study foreign direct investment in the Chines economic. This study has been selected a pacific a period , from the beginning of this phenomena until nowadays , but it can sentries on the last thirty years. while for Chines experiment this study has been focused on the period between (1949 - 2004) which considered the building periled of Chines experiment. This study has been relied on documented references specially that from UNCTAD organization

المتغيرات الاقتصادية العالمية المعاصرة واثارها على الاقتصادات العربية == The World Economic Contemporary Variable And Its Impacts On The Arab Economie

اسم المؤلف: عيادة سعيد حسين

اسم المشرف: ايمان عبد خضير الغريباوي

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

السنة: 2005

الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

العوامل المؤثرة في سلوك تمهيد الدخل : دراسة في عينة من المصارف الاهلية في العراق == Factors Influencing Behavior of Income Smoothing A Study In A Sample of Iraqi Private Banks

اسم المؤلف: طارق توفيق يوسف العبد الله

اسم المشرف: فاطمة جاسم محمد السعد

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

السنة: 2005

الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير تـدفق القـروض الخارجـية في تحقيق التحولات الهيكلية لاقتصادات بعض دول الاسكوا للمدة (1990 - 2002) == The Effect of External Loans Flow Through Achieving Structural Transformation For The Economy of Some of The Escwa Countries (1990 - 2002)

اسم المؤلف: صادق زوير لجلاج السعيدي

اسم المشرف: راوية عبد الرحيم ياس

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

السنة: 2005

الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This Study Concerns itself with shedding some Lights on the size of External Loans flow of some Escwa Countries (Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, and Yemen), the burden such Loans make and the ability of such Loans to make some desired Structural transformations in the economy of such countries.To achieve the above aim, an evaluation model was used (Chenery - Taylor) after making some modifications on that model. Then, the independent variables and Structural Indicators were specified. Such Structural Indicators are : 1 - Yagr : Represents share of the Agriculture sector in GDP as a percentage from GDP. 2 - Yind : Represents share of the Industrial sector in GDP as a percentage from GDP.3 - Yser : Represents share of the Service sector in GDP as a percentage from GDP.4 - Yaem : Represents share of the labor force in Agriculture sector as a percentage from the total labor force.5 - Yiem : Represents share of the labor force in Industrial sector as a percentage from the total labor force.6 - Ysem : Represents share of the labor force in Service sector as a percentage from the total labor force.The independent variables were : X1 : Total loans as a percentage from GNP. X2 : Total Investment as a percentage from GNP.X3 : Population.X4 : Gross domestic product per capita.X5 : Total exports of goods and service as a percentage from GNP.X6 : Total Imports of goods and service as a percentage fromGNP.This Study also depends on analytical quantity model in research for building economic model and estimate parameter in regression by (OLS) then tests the power of these models through statistical testing. The Study ends in some conclusions related to the results of analyzing the economic measurement model for the effect of some independent variables on chosen structural Indicators. Such structural transformation, which happened in nearly all the countries in the sample of this study. This study doesn’t take the transformation from agricultural sector to industrial and service sector, except (Egypt), the external loans has effect on desired structural transformation in its economy, this belongs to political causes..

الائتمان المصرفي بين تحديات المخاطر وسبل المعالجة : دراسة تحليلية للمصارف التجارية الخاصة في العراق

اسم المؤلف: ازهار حسن علي ابونايلة

اسم المشرف: ثريا عبد الرحيم علي الخزرجي

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

السنة: 2005

الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: ن المؤكد ان للائمان المصرفي دورا مهما جدا في دعم عملية التنمية الاقتصادية، بعده وسيط مالي بين المدخرين والمستثمرين، ويعد الدور الكبير للائتمان المصرفي في توجيه النشاط الاقتصادي صوب المشاريع الاستثمارية المهمة ذات الاستغلال الامثل للموارد المتوافرة والد | IT is certain that bank credit has an essential part in supporting the economic development process as a financial intermediary between savers and inverters. Beside the essential role of bank credit in directing the economic activity towards the important investment projects that best make use of available resources and supporting the economic development process, therefore, bank credit represents the economic activity mainstay.Banks are liable to financial and bank risks such as; interest rate risks, exchange rate risks, market risks, rubbery and bankruptcy risks, investment risks, national risks, liquidity risks, inflation risks, globalization risks, and merging risks, In addition to, credit risks. Accordingly, suitable means must be found to overcome these risks. Private Commercial banks in Iraq were allowed to practice their work in 1992 in unnatural conditions such as the embargo, high average of inflation, and changing from of government; so, these banks are liable to many financial and risks besides the influence of general conditions, such as the unstable economic and political condition on these banks.The economic problem of research (bank credit risks and credit problems increase and happen together with the unstable economic and political condition).The study came from a theory has significance (the bank credit process as any financial process is liable to many risks and challenges).The study implies three chapters; each chapter contains three fields of researches, conclusions, and recommendation. The first chapter refers to the bank credit impractical framework. The second chapter refers to bank credit risks between Basel committee decision and bank reform. While the third chapter refers to bank credit analytic study and its risks on private commercial banks in Iraq and their quitted for reform.

تقييم سياسة سعر الصرف في العراق للمدة 1951 - 2000 == Exchange Rate Policy Evaluation In Iraq Through The Period (1951 - 2000)

اسم المؤلف: شيماء رشيد محيسن العابدي

اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين جليل عبد الحسن الغالبي | حنان عبد الخضر هاشم الغالبي الموسوي

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

السنة: 2005

الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم الاقتصاد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: النجف

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The exchange matter attracts the researcher’s interest in all the international economice relations fields , specially after the development of the relations between all over the world , so any country trying to select an exchange system must take care of specific factors , these factors results from special properties of the country’s economy , which are related to economic structure and the nature of the conditions that surround it locally and internationally , so take Iraq as an example to study the economic developments which take place in the different periods of history and cause its currency to crash down.Significance of the study This subject constitutes the central interest for the economists and the most important thing, for researchers nowadays so we concentrate on it in detail to serve Iraqi economy in general and Iraqi economic leader ship in particular. Study problem The study is set fourth to study the problems of economic leadership exactly in choosing the perfect exchange system for Iraqi dinar in all particular periods , in which the Iraqi economy faced the stable and unstable conditions effected on its value Study objectiveThe present study focus on following goals : 1 - To study the Iraqi dinar exchange rate for the period ( 1931 - 2002) 2 - To select the Iraqi dinar most acceptable exchange system in stable conditions. 3 - To select the Iraqi dinar most acceptable exchange system in unstable conditions. 4 - To establish the most admitted exchange system through the period (1931 - 2002)5 - To suggest the expected exchange system to harmonize with Iraqi dinar in the next period Organization of the study trying to get an exact results I divide the study into three chapters , the first chapter is the intellectual and conceptional framework for the exchange rate subject ,included three topics the first is to discuss the exchange rate concepts and systems , the second is to discuss the foreign exchange market and the definition of exchange rate ,the elements effected on it.the third is to demonstrate the theory of exchange rate , the second chapter deals with the basis of choosing exchange systems, It is divided into two subjects the first clarifies the (exchange system choice limitation factors) in stable conditions ,the second clarifies exchange system choice in unstable conditions (shocks) , The third chapter demonstrates the exchange rate policy in Iraq, It is divided into two subjects , the first deals with the Iraqi exchange rate development since the year 1921 , the second is explain the most agreeable system for exchange in Iraq.In addition to scientific systematic requirements for butter results and conclusions.