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تحضير وتشخيص مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة من بعض الحوامض الامينية وتقيم الفعالية البايولوجية للبعض منها == Synthesis and characterization of heterocyclic compounds from some amino acids and evaluation of biological activity for some of them

اسم المؤلف: زينب باسم هاشم
اسم المشرف: حامد جاسم جعفر
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة صنف رئيسي من المركبات العضوية والانواع المهمة منها هي نواتج طبيعة او مواد صيدلانية او زراعية ، وقد دخل الكثير منها في تطبيقات صناعية وزراعية مهمة. وفي هذا البحث تم تحضير عدد من هذه المركبات باستخدام بعض الحوامض الامينية كمواد اولية لتحضيرها بحيث تحتوي النواتج المحضرة في تركيبها على جزء من تركيب الحامض الاميني المستخدم. وقد استخدم كل من حوامض الكلايسين ، فنيل النين ، تايروسين ، والفايلين في تحضير ستة مشتقات للبايرزول وذلك من تفاعل هيدرازيدات هذه الحوامض مع كل من ايثيل اسيتواسيتت واسيتيل اسيتون. كما استخدمت هيدرازيدات حوامض الكلايسين ، فنيل النين ، برولين ، ومثيونين في تحضير اربعة من مشتقات البريدازينات وذلك بتفاعلها مع انهيدريد الفثاليك . وحضرت سبعة مشتقات للاوكسازبين من قواعد شف المشتقة من استرات حوامض الكلايسين ، فنيل النين ، والمثيونين مع عدد من الالدهيدات الاروماتية ثم مفاعلة القواعد الناتجة مع انهيدريد الفثاليك . كما تم تحضير خمسة مشتقات للثايوزبين نوع 3,1 - من مشتقات الثايويوريا المحضرة من تفاعل كلوريدات حوامض فنيل النين وبرولين مع ثايوسيانات البوتاسيوم ثم مفاعلة المشتقات الناتجة مع 1،4 - بروميد البيوتان .وقد شخص تركيب المشتقات المحضرة من خلال صفاتها الفيزياوية والقياسات الطيفية مثل FTIR و1HNMR واجريت بعض الفحوصات الاولية لاختبار فعالية بعض النواتج المحضرة كمضادات لنمو نوعين من الاحياء المجهرية احداهما من نوع موجب اتجاه صبغة غرام والاخرى سالب اتجاه صبغة غرام . وقد اظهرت نتيجة الفحوصات الى فعالية مشجعة لعدد غير قليل من المركبات المحضرة | Heterocyclic compounds represent one of the main classes of organic compounds. The most important types of these compounds are natural products, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Many of these compounds have an important applications in industry and agriculture. In this work, some of heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized using some amino acids as starting materials provide that the synthesized products bear parts of the amino acids structure. Six pyrazoles were synthesized from the amino acides, glycine,phenyl alanine, tyrosine and valine . The products were produced from the reaction of the amino acid hydrazides with ethyl acetoacetate or acetyl acetone. Four pyridazines derivatives were synthesized from the reaction of the acid hydrazides of glycine, phenyl alanine, valine and methionine with phthalic anhydride., a+lso, seven oxazepines were synthesized from the reaction of Schiff bases, derived from the reactions of esters of glycine, phenyl alanine and methionine with aromatic aldehydes, and phthalic anhydride. Five different thioure as were synthesised from the reaction of acid chlorides of phenyl alanine and proline with potassium thiocyanate and primary aromatic amines. 1,3 - Thiazepine derivatives were resulted from the nucleophilic reaction of these thioureas with 1,4 - dibromobutane. The structures of the synthesized products were confirmed through their physical properties and spectroscopic methods FTIR and NMR. A preliminary test to evaluate the antimicrobial potency of some of the synthesized compounds were carried out using two types of organisms (+ve) and ( - ve). The tests demonstrated encouraging results for some of the tested compounds

تحضير وبلمرة المونومرات غير المشبعة الاميدية والاسترية او الايمايدية الحاوية بعضها على وحدات فعالة بايولوجيا == Preparation and Polymerization Unsaturated Monomers Amide, Ester or Imide Some of them Containing Bio Active Units

اسم المؤلف: رغدة انــور رشــيد علــوش
اسم المشرف: فريال محمد علي السلامي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: حضر في هذا العمل ، عدد من انواع المونومرات الثنائية التعويض غير المشبعة والبوليمرات المتشابكة المقابلة لها وبطرق مختلفة ، البعض منها يحمل مواصفات دوائية لزيادة معدل استمرارية التحرر الدوائي المحكم وفوائد اخرى . اولا : حضر العديد من انواع الاكريل امايد الثنائية [N11 - N1] وبلمرت بالجذور الحره باستخدام DBP كبادئ عند 90 °م لينتج بوليمرات الاكريل امايد الثنائية [N22 - N12]. في هذا الخط حضرت من تكثيف الاكريلويل كلورايد مع امينات ثنائية مختلفه مثل الالوبيورينول ، ميثوبريم ، بروفلافين ، سستين ، كيتوسان كبوليمر طبيعي ، ومركبات اخرى ثنائية الامين مثل اثلين ثنائي الامين ، 3،1 - فنيلين ثنائي الامين ، بينزيدين ، 5،5،3،3 - رباعي مثيل بنزيدين ، 6،1 - اثيلين ثنائي الامين ، فنيل هيدرازين ، برولين .ثانيا : حضرت العديد من احماض المالي اميك الثنائيه[N33 - N23] من تفاعل الماليئيك انهدرايد مع مختلف الامينات الثنائية االمذكورة اعلاه وبعد ذلك بلمرت الى البوليمرات المقابلة لها[N45 - N34].ثالثا : حضرت البوليمرات المتشابكه [N50 - N46] باستخدام امينات ثنائية مختلفة مع بولي اكريلويل كلورايد مع البريدين كعامل مساعد.رابعا : حضرN - اكريلويل فثالئمايد [N51] وN - اكريلويل سكسنئمايد[N52] من تفاعل ملح Phthalimide Sod. وملح Succimide Sod. مع حامض الاكريليك . المونومرات المحضرة بلمرت [N54 - N53]. بطريقة الجذور الحره للحصول على البولي ايمايدات المقابلة.خامسا : حضر مونومر استر الكلوسايت ثنائي الاكريليت[N55] من تفاعل الكلوسايت مع 2 مول من اكريلويل كلورايد، وبعد ذلك بلمر الى البوليمر المقابل له[N56].سادسا : حضر بوليمر [N57] من البلمرة التكثيفية الكلوسايت ثنائي الهيدروكسيل مع الماليئيك انهدرايد ، انتج بولي استر جديد حاوي على وحدات استرية خلال السلسله الرئيسية لسلاسل البوليمر.سابعا : فوعل كلايوكسال مع 2 مول من حامض المالونك للحصول على حامض ثنائي الاكريليك[N59] ، الذي بلمر تكاثيفا مع مركب ثنائي الامين.شخصت البوليمرات المحضره بمطيافية الاشعه تحت الحمراء والاشعة فوق البنفسجية ، وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي لبعض منها ، اجري التحليل الحراري لبعض البوليمرات المحضرة . ودرست سرع التحرر الدوائي لبعض البوليمرات الحاملة للدواء بدوال حامضية مختلفة بدرجة 37 °م . لوحظت الصور المايكروية لبعض البوليمرات المتشابكة المحضرة .استنتج من هذا البحث ان البوليمرات الدوائيه المتشابكه تظهر اكثر استمرارية تحرر دوائي المحكم مقارنة بالبوليمرات الدوائية الخطيه مما يزيد العمر الزمني للدواء اثناء الاستعمال. | In this work, many types of disubstituted unsaturated monomers and their corresponding crosslinked polymers were synthesized by different methods, some of them that exhibit pharmacologic properties to increase the sustained delivery of drug release rate and other advantages. First : The several types of di acrylamide [N1 - N11] were prepared, and polymerized free radically [N12 - N22] using di benzoyl peroxide as an initiator at 90 °C. this line was carried out from condensation of acrylic acid with different drug di amines such as allopurinol , tri metheprime , proflavine , cystine , chitosan as a natural polymer , and the other diamine compounds such as ethylendiamine , 1,3 - phenylene diamine , benzidine , 3,3,5,5 - tetra methyl benzidine, 1,6 - ethylene diamine , melamine , 1,3 - phenylendiamine , phenyl hydrazine , proline .Second : Many di maleamic acids [N23 - N33] were prepared from reaction of maleic anhydride with different mentioned diamines then polymerized to their corresponding polymers [N34 - N45]. Third : Crosslinked polymers [N46 - N50] were prepared using suitablediamines with poly acryloyl chloride with Pyridine as a catalyst.Fourth : N - acryloylphthlimide [N51] and N - acryloylmaleimide [N52] were prepared from reaction of phthalimide sod. salt or maleimide sod.salt with acroyloyl chloride .the prepared monomers were polymerized [N53 - N54], Freeradically to their corresponding imide polymers.Fifth : Glycosidediacrylate ester monomer [N55] Was prepared by reaction of glycoside with 2 moles of acryloyl chloride , than polymerized to its corresponding polymer [N56] .Sixth : Glycoside anhydride di maleate ester polymer [N57] Was prepared from polycondensation of glycoside diol compound with maleic anhydride produced new poly ester containing bi units through back bone of polymer chains.Seventh : Clyoxal with 2 moles of malonic acid were reacted and new di acrylic acid was obtain [N58] , which was used with diamine compound to obtain condensed polymer. The prepared were characterized by FTIR, UV. , 1H - NMR spectroscopes, Thermal analysis for some of prepared polymers were studied. Controlled drug release of some of drug carrier polymers were studied in different pH values at 37 °C.Microscopic image of some crosslinked polymers were taken .it was concluded that the prepared crosslinked polymer with drug substituted appeared more sustained drug release with comparing with other linear condensed polymers. This revealed more sustained drug release through using.

دراسة بعض الخواص الفيزيائية والميكانيكية للمتراكبات البوليمرية الجديدة المحضرة من الستايرين بيوتادين == Study of Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of New Polymeric Composition from prepared SBR

اسم المؤلف: حيدر عبد الواحد مهدي
اسم المشرف: عامر موسى جودة الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الفيزيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الاهمية المتزايدة لاستعمال المتراكبات البوليمرية جاءت نتيجة التطور الصناعي التكنولوجي الكبير الذي يشهده العالم بوصفة بديلا عن المواد الهندسية التقليدية التي ساد استخدامها في الصناعة لذا فان الدراسة الحالية تهدف الى تحضير متراكبات بوليمرية ذات مواصفات ميكانيكية جيدة من مادة الستايرين بيوتاداين مع مالئات من السيليكا والكاولين العراقي بنسب وزنية مختلفة (1%,5.2 %,5%,5.7%,10%,5.12%,15%) ان اضافة السيليكا والكاولين العراقي كان الهدف منة تحسين الخواص الفيزيائية والميكانيكية وكذلك خواص الفلكنة لمطاط الستايرين بيوتاداين اذ تم قياس خواص الشد(الاستطالة ,المرونة) وكذلك الصلابة والكثافة النسبية ومعدل سرعة الفلكنة والاحتكاك الخارجي للاطار. اظهرت النتائج ان جميع الصفات الفيزيائية والميكانيكية وكذلك خواص الفلكنة قد تحسنت بنسب عالية عند زيادة النسب الوزنية للمالئات وان افضل نسبة وزنية لتحسين الخواص هي (5.7%) حيث بلغت قيمة الشد عند هذة النسبة (16.81Mpa) عند اضافة السيليكا و(19.97Mpa)عند اضافة الكاولين بينما كانت (8.69Mpa) بدون اي اضافة, الاستطالة (441%) عند اضافة السيليكا و(417.078%) عند اضافة الكاولين, المرونة ((9.5Mpa عند اضافة السيلكيا و(14.12 Mpa)عند اضافة الكاولين بينما كانت ((7.69 Mpa بدون اي اضافة , الصلابة (68 IRHD) عند اضافة السيليكا و(65 IRHD) عند اضافة الكاولين بينما كانت (57 IRHD) بدون اي اضافة, معدل سرعة الفلكنة (74.07min (للسيليكا و(54.34min) للكاولين , الكثافة النسبية (1.156) عند اضافة السيليكا و(1.183)عند اضافة الكاولين بينما كانت (1.133) بدون اي اضافة اما للاحتكاك الخارجي للاطار (0.18 gm) عند اضافة السيليكا و(0.54 gm) عند اضافة الكاولين بينما كانت (0.75 gm) بدون اي اضافة,اما الجانب الاخر فقد تم دراسة الخواص الفيزيائية والميكانيكة وكذلك خواص الفلكنة ولكن هذة المرة تم مزج نسب وزنية مختلفة من السيليكا والكاولين وبينت نتائج المزج ايضا تحسين الخواص المذكورة اعلاه, | The important increasing for using polymeric composites came from result of industrial large to chronology development which it was seeing in world and sbstitute from traditional engineering materials which used in industry. the present research aim to preparation of new polymeric composites with good mechanical properties to Substance Styrene - Butadiene Rubber (SBR) with filler Silica and Iraqi Kaolin with different perceentage (1%,2.5%, 5%,7.5%, 10%,12.5%,15%).Addition of Silica and Iraqi Kaolin aim to improvement physical and mechanical properties also Cure characteristics to Substance Styrene - Butadiene Rubber (SBR) as it was measured tensile properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus), also Hardness, Specific gravity ,Cure rate index and abrasion. The result had shown all physical and mechanical properties also Cure characteristics by improved high with increase of percentage of filler. The best ratio by weight to improve properties (7.5%). As the value of tensile strength(16.81 Mpa) when addition Silica and (19.97 Mpa) when addition Kaolin While the (8.69 Mpa) with any addition, elongation (441%) when addition Silica and (417.078%) when addition Kaolin, Modulus (9.5 Mpa) when addition Silica and (14.12 Mpa) when addition Kaolin While the (7.69 Mpa) with any addition , hardness (68 IRHD) when addition Silica and (65 IRHD) when addition Kaolin While the (57 IRHD) with any addition, Cure rate index (74.07 mint) when addition Silica and (54.34 mint) when addition Kaolin, specific gravity (1.156) when addition Silica and (1.183) when addition Kaolin While the (1.133) with any addition ,abrasion (0.18 gm) when addition Silica and (0.54 gm) when addition Kaolin While the (0.75 gm) with any additon. On the other hand Study the physical and mechanical properties also cure characteristics but this time was mix different percentage from Silica & Kaolin the results of blending increase properties the above - mentioned.

مسؤولية الادارة عن الاخطاء الشخصية لموظفيها : دراسة مقارنة

اسم المؤلف: حسن علي حسين محمد الشهيب
اسم المشرف: رفاه كريم رزوقي كربل
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الاداري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تمارس الادارة اعمالها ومهامها التي تشكل الغاية من انشائها عن طريق ما تملكه من امكانيات بشرية هم موظفيها العاملين لديها ومن خلال ما تضعه تحت ايديهم من امكانيات مادية وقانونية .وفي بعض الاحيان يرتكب هؤلاء الموظفين ومن خلال ممارسة اعمالهم اخطاء تسبب ضررا للادارة بصورة مباشرة اوغير مباشره من خلال ما تقوم بدفعه للغير من المتضررين من تعويضات نتيجة لها .وقد تدرجت مسؤولية الادارة عن اخطاء موظفيها بحسب طبيعة تلك الاخطاء من حيث كونها ذات طابع اداري لا يخرج عن اهداف الادارة وغايات الوظيفة ,او من حيث كونها ذات طابع شخصي ويترتب على هذا التميز بين اخطاء الموظفين المرتكبة داخل نطاق الوظيفة نتيجة هامه تتثمثل بتحمل الادارة عبء التعويض عن النوع الاول من الاخطاء بصورة نهائية ولاترجع فيما تدفعه للغير من تعويضات على موظفيها مرتكبي تلك الاخطاء , بينما يتحمل الموظف المسؤولية الكاملة عن النوع الثاني من الاخطاء ذات الطابع الشخصي بصورة نهائية مع قيام الادارة بضمان سداد قيمة الاضرار التي تحدثها بالغير عند مخاصمتهم لها بصورة مباشرة مع الرجوع بقيمة ما تم دفعه من قبلها على الموظف مسبب الضرر وبحسب طريقة الرجوع التي تختلف من نظام قانوني وقضائي الى اخر .ولابد من القول ان مفهوم المسؤولية الادارية عن اخطاء موظفيها ومدلولها واثارها قد تطور وبشكل متصاعد ومضطرد مترافقا مع تطور الافكار الايدلوجية لانظمة الحكم فاخذ بالاتساع وخرج من دائرة الامتناع متعللا بمبدا السيادة حيث تحولت من لا مسؤولية الى المسؤولية المقيدة والمحدودة ومن ثم بلغت اقصى ما يعبر عن التزام الادارة بمبادئ المشروعية , من خلال قبول الادارة التعويض عن اخطاء موظفيها الشخصية وكذلك من خلال الخروج من دائرة الخطا وقبول التعويض بمجرد تحقق الضرر على الرغم من مشروعية الفعل المسبب له بحيث اصبحت الادارة وبحق الراعي لمصالح الافراد والحامي لهم , فخرجت من دائرة الاتهام الى دائرة الموازنة بين المصالح المتضاربة حتى نجدها في كثير من الاحيان تنحاز الى المضرور . فالمسؤولية الادارية عن اخطاء الموظفين بصورة عامه والشخصية بصورة خاصة كانت وليدة اجتهاد القضاء الاداري الفرنسي ومترافقة مع المبادئ التي جاءت بها الثورة الفرنسية ...فكانت نظرية الخطا الشخصي والمرفقي في مجال المسؤولية الادارية المؤسسة على الخطا لا على الضر ر احد الاعمدة التي استقام عليها القانون الاداري .ان بحثنا يعالج في مضمونه مشكلة لطالما اقلقت الادارة واتعبت الافراد من المضرورين نتيجة البحث عمن يتحمل تكاليف ما اصابهم من خسارة نتيجة اخطاء التبست بين كونها تدخل في صميم عمل المرفق ام كونها تعبر عن ما يعتمل في نفوس ممثليها من الموظفين بمعناهم الواسع من نوازع تخرج بهم عن حدود وظائفهم وعن اهداف رؤساءهم , فما هو مدى مسؤولية الادارة عن اخطاء موظفيها الشخصية في العراق ودول المقارنة ( فرنسا ومصر ولبنان) وماهو مدى التزامها بالتعويض عن هذا النوع من الاخطاء وطبيعة هذا الالتزام وماهي معاير وصفات هذا النوع من الاخطاء التي توجب مسؤوليتها ومن ثم تقب ان تكون طرفا مدعى علية في منازعات المسؤولية المرفوعة من قبل الافراد المتضررين من اخطاء موظفيها , وكيف استطاع النظام القانوني والقضائي العراقي من التعامل وتنظيم مسؤولية الادارة عن هذا النوع من الاخطاء . لقد تزايدت اهمية هذا النوع من المسؤولية في العراق وخصوصا بعد عام 2003 نتيجة تصاعد وتلاحق في الاحداث التي ادت الى تزايد الافعال والتصرفات المرتكبة من قبل ممثلي الادارة من الموظفين وخصوصا في مجال حفظ الامن والنظام العام ومارافق ذلك من تزايد الاستخدام المفرط للاسلحة والادوات وبشكل يكاد يكون خارج عن السير العادي للاموروفي بعض الاحيان تمتزج هذه التصرفات بنوازع ذاتيه تعبر عن شخصية وذاتية مرتكبيها وكثرة المنازعات التي يطالب فيها الافراد بالتعويض عما اصابهم من ضرر نتيجة تلك التصرفات المشوبة بشائبة الخطا بشقيه الوظيفي والشخصي

شكالية تاويل الفن في فلسفة جادامير

اسم المؤلف: غصون عبد محمد
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The importance of Hermeneutics lies in the uncovering of semantic and prose potentials in renewal way of texts, especially when these texts are transmitted from one period to another. Therefore Gadamer presents us ,through his hermeneutic line, how it is possible for hermeneutics to be active in the process of explanation of artistic work, as being a transfer for the truth experience, which becomes in need to the interpretation of its beneath details.This thesis is intended to reflect the problem of the interpretation of artistic works in the light of solitude which the aesthetic awareness suffers from. As a result of the dominance of aesthetic value and the human factors that attested to its form. The concentration will be on the formal side which the philosophy of Kant has influenced a lot in its formation. Works of arts become flavored with ambiguity, and as a result the ability to judge is partially lost that our race included our conversation or not. Gadamer dealt with that problem and tried hard to fix it in corporation with hermeneutics which is concerned with understanding and interpretation. These works, related to art, need hermeneutic device for their interpretation.The whole thesis is divided into introduction and three chapters, then ends with conclusion. Introduction includes theBsubject of the thesis and its methods. Chapter one includes the concept of hermeneutics from linguistic, historical, terminological point of view. A historical scale is done for hermeneutics in Greek philosophy, then to middle, and finally modern philosophy. Chapter two includes the biography of Gadamer and the most significant notions of his philosophy, i.e., hermeneutics : truth and method, understanding, interpretation, explanation, language and conversation, and the role of judgment in which Gadamer tried to achieve historical correspondence between the art of past and art of present.Chapter three includes the semantic aspect of solitude, with some aid of Greek philosophers, contemporary ones, with subjective contribution to judge upon some aesthetic values . In addition Gadamer's treatment of solitude in relation to aesthetic distinction is taken into consideration. It aspects of Gadamer's attempts to identify the truth which artistic works reflect. An emphasis is laid upon the element of contribution and is divided into two types : one is semantic arts and the other is dramatic arts.The significance of this study is attributed to several reason1 - the connection between aesthetic parts with truth. That is through the form which reflects the inner side.2 - the concentration of Gadamer on ontological side of art thatis through arts that depend on theatre. That thing reflects the style of show. Besides it shows the way in which semantic ontology of works depends on the style of acting.3 - Gadamer does not refuse aesthetics which depends on the role of taste but rather on formal aspects which makes the problem of solitude deeper in modern age.4 - Gadamer pays attention to temporal aspects of artistic works to dismiss solitude of aesthetics and historical awareness. Therefore one must limit any correspondence between such past time works and modern ones, at the same time each one keeps its peculiar feature and private distinction

المراة في فلسفة افلاطون وارسطو : دراسة نقدية مقارنة == Woman in Plato،s and Aristotle،s philosophy A Contrastive Critical Study

اسم المؤلف: زهراء شاكر نوني الحيدري
اسم المشرف: جميل حليل نعمة المعلة
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Womans topic is of the important topics that is dealt by many academic human studies as it relates many aspects such as the social, human, political and religious. The philosophical studies had participated in dealing with this topic, many philosophers , such as Aristotle and Plato the greatest philosophers, had dealt with this topic where each one of them had a different approach. For Plato the Woman is an independent human equal to Man , while for Aristotle, she is a natural creature governed by the Man as he enjoys a perfect reason while she does not. This research is a contrastive study of Woman for Aristotle and Plato, where it tackles Woman in the pre - Plato society, the Greek society of the gods and myths. It shows Woman suffer in those myths where she did not enjoy her rights and freedom as a perfect independent creature in front of the Man who was the governor and the dominator. This was represented by the god Zeywos and his wife Hira whose suffer was just like that of the ordinary Woman. Then the researcher moves to Platos era who, as a result of the miserable situation of the Woman, had put the rules or laws that call for liberate Woman and allow her to participate in the political affairs, governing and other so on. Society, and the following Philosophers such as Aristotle had rejected these ideas where Aristotle represented the Greek status and reality by his opinions so he insisted on limiting Woman to the domestic affairs. Moreover he had referred to the biological aspect believing that Man is responsible for procreation while Woman is just a store or a room for the baby to sleep in and that nature had ruled Woman to serve Man. This study obtain a stet conclusions that could be summarized as following : - 1 - Woman, whether she was a god or a real Woman, had a low status before the Man who was the governor and the dominator while she was the governed and the dominated. 2 - The Greek society had a rigid opinion upon the woman when she had been deprived of participation in ruling, policy or authority. Moreover she had been prevented from attending the courts or trails which were restricted to Man.3 - Platos idealism had put Woman in an idealistic status that he had equalized her to Man. This new status involved her to neglect the family and that was the main reason of rejecting his opinions, though he had modified them.4 - Aristotle's theory upon Woman as a store or a room for the baby to sleep in had been referred to nature without science aspect where the scientific theories and discoveries proved that Woman played the greatest role in defining the babys sex especially that she carries the chromosome ( xx ) who select the chromosome ( X Y ). It was necessary to criticize the mentioned point to show the injustice against Woman by depriving her rights and freedom as a perfect independent human being.

تدريــس الرياضــيات وفقا لنظرية TRIZ واثـــره فــي التفكـــيـر الهنـدسي لـدى طـلاب الصـف الثالـث المتوسط == Teaching Mathematicas according to TRIZ theory and Its Effect on the geometrical thinking for the students of the third grade average

اسم المؤلف: محــمــد فاخــر خــريــبــط الـعــلاق
اسم المشرف: غالب خزعل محمد مشكور
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الهندسي لدى طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط ،ولتحقيق هذا الهدف صاغ الباحث فرضيتين صفريتين هما : 1 - لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية (الذين يدرسون وفقا لنظرية TRIZ) ومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة (الذين يدرسون باستخدام الطريقة المعتادة في التدريس) في اختبار التفكير الهندسي ككل.2 - لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية (اللذين يدرسون وفقا لنظرية (TRIZومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة (اللذين يدرسون باستخدام الطريقة المعتادة في التدريس) في كل مستوى من مستويات التفكير الهندسي. واقتصر البحث الحالي على طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط في متوسطة العراق للبنين التابعة لمديرية تربية محافظة ميسان الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي 2013م - 2014م وعلى الموضوعات(المثلث، الدائرة) من كتاب الرياضيات المقرر، اختار الباحث شعبتين (من اصل ثلاث شعب) ، بطريقة السحب العشوائي البسيط اذ اختيرت شعبة ( ا ) لتمثل المجموعة التجريبية التي تدرس مادة الهندسة على وفق نظرية TRIZ ، وشعبة ( ج ) لتمثل المجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس مادة الهندسة على وفق الطريقة المعتادة في التدريس. وقد بلغ عدد افراد العينة (72) طالب بواقع (36) طالب للمجموعة التجريبية و(36) طالب للمجموعة الضابطة. تم اعتماد احد تصاميم الضبط الجزئي لمجموعتين متكافئتين ذي الاختبار البعدي ، وكوفئت مجموعتا البحث في متغيرات ( اختبار المعرفة السابقـة في الهندسة، التحصيل السابق، درجات اختبار الذكاء، العمر الزمني محسوبا بالشهور، المستوى الدراسي للابوين ) درس الباحث مجموعتي البحث وقد صاغ اهدافا سلوكية للفصلين وللمستويات الخمسة من مستويات بلوم ( المعرفة ، الاستيعاب ، التطبيق، التحليل،التركيب ) بلغ عددها (116) هدفا. كما اعد الباحث (28) خطة تدريسية لكل مجموعة تضمنت موضوعات البحث. اعد الباحث اختبارا للتفكير الهندسي بعدي مكون من (20) فقرة منها(7) فقرة موضوعية و(13) فقرة مقاليه ، وتم التحقق من الصدق الظاهري وصدق البناء وثباته وحساب معامل الصعوبة والقوة التمييزية وفعالية البدائل الخاطئة للاختبار.استخدم الباحث الوسائل الاحصائية ( معامل الصعوبة والسهولة والتمييز، ومعامل ارتباط بوينت - بايسيريال، وحجم الاثـــر، وقد اعتمد في التحليل الاحصائي على الحزمة الاحصائية SPSS الاصدار 18 ، كما استخدم معالج البيانات مايكروسوفت اوفيس اكسل 2007 والاختبار التائي (t - test) لعيـنتيـن مستقلـتـيـن لمعالجـة البيانات وكانـت النتائـج كالاتـي : 1. وجود فرق ذي دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية في اختبار التفكير الهندسي ككل.2. وجود فرق ذي دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية في كل مستوى من مستـويات اختـبار التفكـيــر الهندســي (الادراكي، التحليلي، الترتيبي، الاستنتاجي). وفي ضوء النتائج السابقــة استنتج الباحث ان نظرية TRIZ لها اثر ايجابي في التفكير الهندسي ككل لدى طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط ، وفي كل مستوى من مستوياته الاربعة. لــذا يوصي الباحث باستخدام مبادئ نظرية TRIZ في التدريس في المرحلة المتوسطة والاعدادية والابتعاد عن الطرائق المعتادة في التدريس، والتي تركز على العرض المباشر والالقاء من المدرس والاستماع من قبل الطالب، كما قدم الباحث بعض المقترحات منها اجراء دراسة مماثلة لهذه الرسالة على مراحل دراسية اخرى ولمواد دراسية اخـــرى. | The recent research aims to identify the effect of teaching by TRIZ theory strategy on Geometrical thinking of third secondary class. to achieve this aim, the researcher sets the following tow hypothesis : 1.No significant differences are shown at the level (0.05) between the scores of those who are taught according to TRIZ theory and with those who are taught the classical one at the geometrical thinking as a whole .2.No significant differences are shown at the level (0.05) between the scores of those who are taught according to TRIZ theory and with those who are taught the classical at the four geometrical levels separately . The sample of the research was limited by the female students - third intermediate class - Al - Iraq secondary school - directed general of Masan governorate in the second semester for the academic year (2013 - 2014) B.A. The teaching subjects was the (Triangle, Circle), these subjects are taken from the school book. The researcher chose tow sections from three consists. So section (G) were chosen to be the control group which were taught by the traditional method while section (A) were chosen to be the experimental group which were taught according to TRIZ theory. The sample contains (72) female students so the experimental group consists of (36) female students and the control group also consists of (36) with students. The two equivalent group were partially controlled which post - test. The two groups were equalized on the variables (the previous knowledge test intelligent test, the last achievement in mathematic material,age counted by month, parent's qualification). a The researcher has studied the two group of the research then the researcher has formed the behavioral objects to the chapters and to the five level of Bloom (knowledge, comparsion, application, analysis, synthesis). These objects consists of (116) ones. The researcher also prepard (28) teaching plan that included the study,s subjects. The pretest of the Geometrical thinking consisting of (20) items. Which is divided to (7) objective items and (13) subjective items. The face validity and the content validity were verified. The researcher used statistical tools to analysis the data such as (The coefficient of difficulty, and discrimination formula and point - biserial, and adopted the statical analysis,the SPSS version18, also used the program Microsoft office Excle 2007 ,and(t - test) to the two groups to treat the data the results have shown : 1.There is a statistically significant difference at (0.05) level of significance between the mean scores of the two group and it was in favor of the experimental group in the test of the Geometrical thinking as all.2.There is a statistically significant difference at (0.05) level of significance between the mean scores of the two group and it was in favor of the experimental group in the test at the four Geometrical levels separately. According to the results the researcher concludes that the theory TRIZ have a positive impact geometrical thinking as a whole for the student of the third grade average, and in every level of the four levels ,The researcher recommended that using principles of the theory of TRIZ teaching in middle school and junior high and away from the usual methods of teaching,which focuses direct supply and diction teacher and hearing by the student,also the researcher has made some suggestions as A similar study of the corrent study and other study phases and other subjects.

جهود الامام احمد بن فارس (ت 395هـ) التفسيرية في مقاييس اللغة == Ibn Faris efforts explanatory In language standards

اسم المؤلف: ابراهيم عبد الحسين عبيس
اسم المشرف: زياد علي دايح الفهداوي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التفسير
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Thankfully Thank blessed as good order, peace and blessings be upon humans Mohammed Sayed and his family honor the good, I liked to point out the most important results of this research, including the following : 1) The standards for the son Faris language of the most important language dictionaries that have a significant impact on the meanings of words Koranic.2) The semantics have had a significant role in the interpretation of the Koran.3) The interpretation of the archaeological interpretation of mental and readings, was the most important foundations upon which the son Knight in a statement the meanings of words in the lexicon.4) contributed to this research with the help of God Almighty in a statement the meanings of the words of the Koran through language and metrics mentioned by Ibn Faris implicit in the folds of his book.5) Then it showed a significant impact on the Quranic interpretation, and the statement of the position of scientists and language of jurisprudence set semantics.6) This research contributed to the development of semantic statement when the son of Persia "God bless his soul," a "evolution privatization", and "canvass evolution" and "transmission of meaning".7) A statement of the importance of linguistic interpretation in Arabic dictionaries.8) in this research showed kinds of readings contained in the standards and their impact on the interpretation, as explained by the use of Ibn Faris for abnormal readings of their impact on the expansion of meaning, as shown by the controls on the correct reading.9) Lint the most important reasons and motives that led to the codification of dictionaries and the establishment of lexical work, as explained by the most important linguistic schools and stages of the codification of those dictionaries.10) I have also the author and the book definition and prove attributed to the author, as I pointed out to a summary of the political situation, economic and scientific standards at the time of written language.11) explained the approach I'm Fares "God bless his soul" in the presentation of the material lexical in language Mqais.

اختيارات الامام ابن مازة ت616هـ في القضاء والشهادة والاقرار في ضوء كتابه المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني == Imam Ibn Mazah choices (616 H) In judiciary and the certificate and recognition In his book Al - Muheet Burhani in Al - Fiqh Nomani

اسم المؤلف: محمد نبهان اسماعيل محمد الفياض
اسم المشرف: محمد رياض الطبقجلي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفقه المقارن
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Thank God, the Almighty who guided me to complete this letter, he may praise in the first and in the Hereafter, I would also like to thank the dear administrators, Dr. Mohammed Riaz, which was directed great impact on the completion of this letter, and take it out in its current form, has been reached by this research to many results : Imam Burhanuddin Mahmoud bin Ahmed grew up - Allah have mercy on him in an old family famous science and credit, and most of the members of this family of leading scholars of the Hanafi school, which had a deep impact in the formation of the scientific character and genius of jurisprudence, as was the Imam of notables scholars doctrine is of hardworking in matters that do not novel where imams doctrine mercy of God, as to leave the Imam Burhanuddin Mahmoud - God's mercy - many important doctrinal books that influenced jurisprudence library and benefited by scientists and science students throughout the ages, and the ocean was a book Borhani of the most important books Hanafi school, and widely, where the collection of the author - Allah have mercy on him Hanafi Fiqh issues to different degrees, and the sayings of the imams and sheikhs who preceded him or his contemporaries, was an important reference adopted him, came from the ocean after the owner of scholars authored books.Finally, ask God Almighty to accept this practical and makes it purely for His sake and inspires me right in urgent warrants and futures.Oh arrived blessings and peace be upon the Prophet Muhammad and his family and him.And Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds

الاسناد في القاعدة الجنائية : دراسة في القاعدة الجنائية الموضوعية == The Attribution In The Criminal Rule A Study of The Criminal Rule

اسم المؤلف: حيدر غازي فيصل الربيعي
اسم المشرف: تميم طاهر احمد الجادر
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الجنائي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The basic rules stipulated in the modern criminal legislation is that no crime and no punishment without a law or according to a law. The meaning of that is the criminal is the main means to which the legislator resorts if he is to criminalize certain beh

الاختصاص التشريعي في الدولة الاتحادية : دراسة مقارنة == The Legislature Jurisdiction In Federal State Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: وليد حسن حميد الزيادي
اسم المشرف: رافع خضر صالح شبر
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: It is well known that the most important characteristics of the federal State is bilateral political power or duplication, so that there are two types of power, the first is the federal authority and the second is the authority of the constituent units of

الاتجاهات الدستورية الحديثة لحقوق المراة في دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005 == Modern Constitutional Trends Towards Woman Rights In 2005 Republic of Iraq Constitution

اسم المؤلف: سلى ظاهر حبيب الحسيني
اسم المشرف: جعفر عبد السادة بهير الدراجي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Recently, the role of Woman in the Arab world has been expanding as a result of the changes which the Arab community, especially Iraq, has witnessed involving major developments in technology and science. Such a role has taken further domains and various

النظام القانوني للهيئات المستقلة : دراسة مقارنة == The Legal System To Independent Bodies Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: صادق محمد علي الحسيني
اسم المشرف: اسماعيل صعصاع غيدان البديري
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The idea of independent bodies, which prevailed in many of modern legal systems, considered as modern concept. however the purpose of establish its in order to achieve most important functions deals with public freedom, economic action or transparency as

مدى سلطة القاضي الاداري في توجيه الادارة العامة == Authority Over The Administrative Judge In Directing Public Administration

اسم المؤلف: عماد محمد شاطي هندي
اسم المشرف: عمار طارق عبد العزيز العاني
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الاداري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لطالما كانت العلاقة بين الادارة والقضاء الاداري محكومة وفقا لمبدا الفصل بين السلطات الذي يقتضي ان لا تتدخل اي من السلطات في عمل السلطات الاخرى اعتمادا على التفسير السائد لذلك المبدا لذلك فان هذه الدراسة تهدف الى مدى امكانية التوفيق بين متطلبات مبدا الفص | For as long as the relationship between the administration and the elimination of administrative and governed according to the principle of separation of powers requires that does not interfere with any of the authorities in the work of other authorities

الحماية الدولية للقائمين بالخدمات الانسانية اثناء النزاعات المسلحة == The International Protection For The People Who Are Dedicated For Humanitarian Tasks During The Armed Conflicts

اسم المؤلف: احمد رحيم خضر
اسم المشرف: طيبة جواد حمد المختار
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In its stages of the long history, the humanity witnessed wars which had disastrous effects on the innocent people. Since the beginning of history, the war is the event that accompanies the human beings in their time. Fierce wars have been taken place - s

حرية التظاهر السلمي في العراق : دراسة قانونية == Freedom To Demonstrate Peacefullyin Iraq, A Legal Study

اسم المؤلف: صالح علوان ناصر النايلي
اسم المشرف: مازن ليلو راضي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:

حدود حل البرلمان : دراسة مقارنة == Restriction of The Parliament‘S Dissolve Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: علي سعد عمران
اسم المشرف: رافع خضر صالح شبر
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Every Act would done by a person, whether a natural, moralperson must be organized in a manner consistent with thesubject matter of the act on the legal relationship of the partieswhich may affect this act. Perhaps this is the legal organizationof the

السلطة التقديرية للادارة في مجال الضبط الاداري في الظروف العادية : دراسة مقارنة في القانون الوضعي والشريعة الاسلامية == The Evaluation Authority At Field of Management Accuracy In The Normal Conditionscomparison Study In The Positive Law And Sharia Islamic Law

اسم المؤلف: مهند قاسم زغير
اسم المشرف: حيدر طالب الامارة
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الاداري
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The compliance of the Management to the law means that it respects the legal rules derived from various sources; however it does not meet the requirements of the public interest. It required leaving a kind of discretion to the Management in some cases in

الرقابة الادارية للمفتش العام على عقد الاشغال العامة في العراق == The Administrative Inspection For Public Inspector on Contract of General Works In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: عبد الحسين عبد نور هادي الجبوري
اسم المشرف: اسماعيل صعصاع غيدان البديري
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The administrative inspection for the general inspectors offices on the contract of general works occupies more importance which taken from the aims to be achieved the inspection can be found in every rule of the constitution that draws the public from an

Administrative Dispute Arbitration In A Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: عدنان ضهير علي
اسم المشرف: عمر طارق عبد العزيز
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الاداري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The theme of this study is arbitration in administrative disputes I which we showed the concept of each arbitration and disputes. We referred to the defined the arbitration in general and in the administrative disputes in particular that is the agreement

استرداد المتهمين والمحكوم عليهم في جرائم الفساد == Recovery of The Accused And Convicted of Crimes of Corruption

اسم المؤلف: حسين معن ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: فخري عبد الرزاق صلبي الحديثي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: اصول المحاكمات الجزائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد الجريمة اھم ما يھدد الكيان الاجتماعي للدولة، لذلك فان الدول تحاول في قوانينھا واجراءاتھا الحد منھا من خلال معاقبة فاعليھا ومنع الاخرين من اقتراف السلوك الاجرامي، وفي الاونة الاخيرة تفشت انواع من الجرائم وھي جرائم الفساد الاداري والمالي على نطاق واسع و

جمعية الهلال الاحمر العراقي 1932 - 1954 : دراسة تاريخية == Iraqi Red Crescent Society (IRCS) (1932 - 1954) Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: محمد جدعان عبد الله
اسم المشرف: قحطان حميد كاظم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The idea of founding humanitarian societies and organization has been found since the mid of the twentieth century by the Swiss Henry Dunant and his effort in alleviating the soldiers' pain who have been left wounded in Solferino battle 1859. Iraq, as other Islamic countries ,witnessed the birth of such humanitarian societies particularly after establishing the national governance in Iraq in 1921 and having its political independence in 1932 by dint of many national figures' efforts in humanitarian concerns. The society received the royal family's support and favor. As the society had fulfilled many meritorious humanitarian services to the Iraqi society as well as the international society in different circumstances and crises in war and peace times. Because of the absence of specialized studies , this topic has been selected to investigate and show the importance of this association role in an important period of time of the contemporary history of Iraq ,moreover the period of the study has been identified between 1932 - 1954 as the first date represents the date of the establishment of the association as well as for the political independence of Iraq.Also, the study has identified the end of the study after 1954 because of the floods of Tigris and Euphrates exposing the association activities and effectiveness of it about that event.The researcher has depended on Iraqi unpublished documents specially the Iraqi Red Crescent documents which represent 85% of the thesis sources.Accordingly, the thesis is divided into four chapters with prologue and epilogue.Chapter one deals with the historical background of the international red crescent societies establishment and the aims and humanitarian tasks in 1859 - 1932 classifying the chapter into three sections.The first section sheds light on the red crescent societies and the red cross societies establishment and their humanitarian tasks till 1929,whereas the second sections studies the reasons of establishing these international societies. The third section tackles the tasks of the red cross and red crescent societies and the establishment of the first Aids 1863 - 1932.Chapter two discusses Iraqi Red Crescent Society referring to its establishment and its tasks in 1932 - 1936 ,hence, this chapter divided into five sections. Section one deals with the foundation of the Iraqi red crescent society and the identification of its significant tasks.When on the other hand , the second section deals with the basic system and the administrative units of the society identifying its aims and targets. The third section tackles the Iraqi Red Crescent Society (henceforth IRCS) logo with its descriptions and uses. Then ,to come after , section four sheds light on the establishment of these administrative societies and their manuals and tasks in 1932 - 1933 ,whereas section five deals with the activities of this human society from 1934 - 1936.Then, the third chapter discusses the Iraqi Red crescent society and its humanitarian activities in 1937 - 1946 whose material is divided into two sections : the first one is the humanitarian society activities in 1937 - 1941,while the second section deals with the activities of the society during the second world war(1942 - 1945)and the flood in 1946. Then , the fourth chapter examines the development of the activities of IRCS in 1947 - 1954 shedding lights on two sections, the first one talks about its activities in 1947 - 1950 while the second section tackles with the IRCS and its activities in 1951 - 1954.Finally, the conclusions have been drawn as in : 1 - The IRCS was established in the midst of internal and external crucial circumstances and events to fulfill the needs of founding human society taken upon itself giving hands to the needy people especially those who are in the lower class of the Iraqi society and also to be on track with the international RCS activities which half of the nineteenth century.2 - The IRCS attempted to reduce the Iraqis ' sufferance as well as the needy people in other countries without any discrimination in treatment in times of war and peace and it deepened on the volunteer work without any connection with the Iraqi Government to be considered as one of the pioneer civil societies in Iraq in the monarchy time. 3 - The researcher has set down the IRCS influential effect in the internal as well as the external field as it worked hard to fulfill the needs of the poverty - stricken people humanly, physically, and morally since 1932 till 1954.The society has worked consistently and with a great effort to deliver the aids to all segments of the Iraqi society in all the circumstances of disturbances and natural disasters experienced by Iraq throughout its historical era.4 - The society has various tasks in the 1940s of the twentieth century confronting the different effects of the second world war courageously, that is why it established many administrative units in the Iraqi governorates and generated new organizations as the women 's organization and society for children rights to provide the best humanitarian services to all Iraqi society classes. 5 - The society has not been confined to Iraq only it goes out the Iraqi borders to include Asian and European countries reflecting the noble human effect of this society to show the Islamic morals which make human brother ship the base of human relations.6 - The society has received a great deal of support from the Iraqi politicians particularly ,the royal family, ministers and senior civil servants ,so this shows the awareness of the importance of in building the Iraqi man ,spreading the principles of justice, rescuing the distressed, and helping them in all circumstances in spite of their religious, ethnic ,regional tendencies inside or outside Iraq.7 - The society has put the aim of helping people and fulfilling their daily needs and fundamental humanitarian aids which left a clear imprint in the history of Iraq during the monarchy as well as the aids provided within the country because of the natural disaster as : floods ,fires ,earthquakes and diseases trying to help the new generation of children and take care of their health. Besides, the society has spent more effort to train the Iraqi mothers how to do the following : taking care of their children ,and general cleanliness ,moreover ,the helps that the society provided during the war times that the Iraqi community suffered from during the monarchy. The society provided many aids and in all aspects whether(physical or moral)and in all circumstances whether(political, economic, and social ). In fact, it is one of the civil human societies in Iraq whose works and activities deserve all thanks and respect from both the Iraqi government and nation.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الجاحظ واراؤه الاقتصادية في ضوء كتابه التبصر بالتجارة == Aljahedh And His Economic Views In Light Of His Book ( Al - Tabassur Bel Tijara )

اسم المؤلف: رفعت فيصل ابراهيم العزي
اسم المشرف: عبد الباسط عبد الرزاق حسين
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Glory be to Allah and peace and bless be upon our ProphetHistory studies is used to introduce a lot of researches and theses which focus on the political and military. Some of these studies are dealing with societies and their components , customs and traditions. Some researches focus on the study of the economics of these societies. This study deals with economic book which is specialized in commerce entitled " Aljahidh and his economic views on light of his book ( Altabassure Bel Tijara ) ". In spitd of the little size of this book but it's very rich with information. In which all pros and cons of commerce where shown. It also contains instructions and advices for those who work in commerce.The current study consisted of five chapters.Chapter One Studies of Aljahidh's life and his scientific position.Chapter two Introduction of the book and its importance among the economic books which appeared in the first Islamic ages.The introduction includes personalities , tribes , cities and other different subjects.Chapter three introduces some metals like gold , silver and some precious stones.Chapter four introduces trade of perfumes , weaves , drugs , paintings and some kinds of clothes.Chapter five studies the commercial characteristics for cities and its most famous goods and some commercial rules and Aljahidh's sayings which showed the economic incomes. It also contains conclusion and a list of resources.
الملخص:
المصادر:

المبالغات في الروايات التاريخية لعصري النبوة والخلافة الراشدة : دراسة نقدية

اسم المؤلف: امينة عبد الكريم عبد الستار الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: عبد الخالق خميس علي التميمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: H - Book Albuldanyen : As for the sources of geographic , this study relied on some books Albuldanyen to identify some places and cities contained in the letter , as well as what information it contains historical value is indispensable to the researcher about them ( Lexicon what Ostagam names Albuladoualmoada ) for Bakri (d. 487AD/1094AH)) , and ( Lexicon countries ) of sapphire Hamwi (d.626AD/1228AH). X - modern references : In the area of recent studies have reported the study of some Arabic references , as well as some of the theses , research and articles published in magazines. It took some of them information about the reason that lies behind some historians exaggerations in some reports , while according to some books and theses methodology used by some historians authored books and resources including : . Arab history and historians ,Shakir Mustafa . Flags of Zrcell 2) 3) the date when the Muslims aware of the Orientalist Franz Rosenthal. 4) Journal of the Orient. 5) Journal of the word. In conclusion, I put my humble hands of our teachers and I hope to obtain acceptance of them. AD and finished authoring the year( 915AH/ 303AD) AD and its sources and clear because it scored in assigning news.W - wrote a local history : including ( News city of the Prophet ) to the son of rubbish (814AH/199AD) known for his weakness in speaking , so we did not find a reference to a study of his life in various aspects ; notes on the book of Ibn rubbish free some texts from Sindh and especially with regard to the news of the city and its plans in his time due to the fact that most of his information was derived from his observations and his personal information , and with that we find it does not neglect the male elders who transport them in the rest of the text , (1)) reported in the study took the novel weak and employ them in the message. And book (the date of Baghdad ) to Ahmed bin Ali al - Khatib al - Baghdad(d.463AD/1070AH) And is one of the most celebrated books of translations in the field of Arab - Islamic culture which he addressed the history of the city of Baghdad, and built and rivers and their homes and coming out of the companions and translations of the caliphs and nobles and Men of science and literature , who were born in Baghdad or other countries and Nzloha , and of moved them to the town of others and died there. arranged all along the alphabets in the first name without circumvent character second of the structure of the name. began by mentioning the name Muhammad blessing of the Prophet ( Allah bless him and his family and him). It also singled out in the final section of the book, who knew by his nickname or his name. As well as biographies of women with science and thought. C - biographies : including a book ( classes ) of Mohammed bin Saad ( d,230AD/844AH) addresses two main themes the first biography of the Prophet ( Allah bless him and his family) and the second Translations companions and followers and has served folders remaining , but the last reserved for women , and Book ( classes ) for Khalifa bin tailor (d.240AD/845AH) , according to the study in the translation of some of the historical figures and some of the narrators and Sindh so as to know the trustworthy narrators of the weak. 1)sa lama , Salah Abdul Aziz Zain , City News prophetic son from the date of garbage collection and study of curriculum texts , (Master unpublished ). Umm Al Qura University.Mecca.1321AD/2000AH.pp 40 - 46. readings , and take care of him and display the faces of the language as well as the opinions and jurisprudential Ajthadath deposited by the book in question... , and mentions months of statements , and cites to say what affects from his companions and followers, and then exposed to the likelihood of words , and subject to terms of the Bedouins , and the development of provisions taken from the verse , and the likelihood of what he sees , but nonetheless we find it is marketed in the interpretation of news stories from Israel , which still need to cash examiner , said the study contained in the news from the Messenger of Allah ( Allah bless him and his family and him).B - The books hadith : them ( SahihBukhari ) Muhammad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim Al - Bukhari (d. 256AD / 869AH ) , was modernists interested mainly biographies people talk , did not know about it Bmeulh to a specific destination , he heard talk of scholars of Mecca and City and scientists from Egypt (1)) , that his ( correct) familiar with the book , and a recent book and jurisprudence , in order to follow the way that distinguishes them from Imam Muslim in his Saheeh , and it cut conversations and dispersed and its proceeds under the doors in order to infer their what translates it, and repeat with the conversations in multiple locations not cleared primarily of interest Brachytherapy or parenchymal and has stated in the study cited some hadith to refute some news incorrect and Established(2). T - wrote the general history : including ( Date Yacoubi ) to Ahmad ibnIshaqibnJa'far (d. 292AH / 905AD ) , his book A Brief History regulator deals with world history since the creation until the year 259AH / 872AD , follow the approach neglecting the grounds because it was settled at that time and may aided the spread of blogging on that stability. Then he rarely mentions its source because it would only give the basic sources at the beginning of his book , but his style of presentation of the material is the sequence of the covenants and yearbooks. And sometimes came by the uniqueness of the historical information. And book (the date of the apostles and kings ) of Muhammad bin Jarir al - Tabari (d. 310AD / 922AH ) Department of his book into two main pre - Islamic and beyond , Section I discuss the creation and start and fall of Adam ( peace be upon him ) and ends up talking about grandparents the Prophet ( Allah bless him and his family and him) as a prelude to the era of the message, and the second section deals with Islamic history since the era of 1)Mustafa Shakir , Arab history and historians study the development of the science of history and knowledge of his men in Islam ,T1, ( Beirut : Dar al - Ilm Ah1398/AD1978),c1,p236. 2)Haji khalifa ,Mustafa bin abdullahHanafi Constantinople Rumi, (d,1067AH/1656AD), Asami, revealed suspicions about books and the arts, ( Beirut : Dar scientific books 1413AH/1992AD),c1,p363. And it must be noted that the approach taken in this study was a critical historical approach , and the meaning of the monetary approach , is a critique of assets or primary sources using external or virtual cash , which aims to prove the text in the document , and internal criticism or internist is intended to indicate intention of the author of the document in his words , and then figure out sincerity in the novel. A - your search : The study consists of an introduction and three chapters and a conclusion and proven sources and references , each chapter is divided into two sections , devoted the first chapter to the study of the political side and the military , taking the battles that appeared in novels some exaggerations throughout the eras of the Prophet and Rashidi , with an indication of the degree of risk in numbers armies and the dead of both sides and prove some of the facts of each battle , too, for taking the first section novels amounts in the reigns of the Great Prophet ( Allah bless him and his family and him) and Abu Bakr ( may Allah be pleased with him ) , and the second section novels amounts in the covenants caliphs Omar ibn al - Khattab and Othman IbnAffan (may Allah be pleased with them ) and Imam Ali bin AbiTalib ( peace be upon him). And the second chapter in the economic side of the novels exaggerated , as it has been criticism and prove what they are , the first research to ensure the financial resources of the State of the Arab - Islamic and expenditures , and the second part, the risk in the numbers of funds. The third chapter dealt with the historical novels set and divided it into two sections also with respect to the first novels set in the era of the Prophet ( Allah bless him and his family and him) and Abu Bakr ( may Allah be pleased with him ) , and the second covers every era of the Caliphs Omar bin kattab and Othman IbnAffan (may Allah be pleased with them). B - Display sources : The study relied on a number of ancient sources , which have a key role in enriching and modern references , and will be referred to some of them which is as follows : A - written explanation : which ( inclusive statement about the interpretation of the Koran ) , known as ( Tabari ) Muhammad bin Jarir al - Tabari (d. 310AD / 922AH) , which is one of my interpretations and most comprehensive , as it did not depend on the color of one of interpretation , but included a many colors lifted when scientists would, Vatabra despite its reliance on interpretation Mathur mainly in his book collection to it by the side of the novel know - how and assigned the book on it , and I care a lot Koranic Praise be to God and prayer and peace be upon the best of creation Muhammad bin Abdullah and on The God of the good and virtuous. After : That record the events of history _ the capacity and the details _ tainted many exaggerations and fillers and superstition in some cases , and all because history is the product of human beings so accompanied by shortages and imbalances and the situation , and multiple reasons include historical novels such as this imbalance , including what relation to the psychology of the news and the narrator and of and love in inflating the event to give it the importance and highlighted among other events , and some of which also relates to shift the news and what accompanies Blogging Tsahev and distortion , and which highlight the bright side of the historic event to add to exaggerate it , and also try to give them success from the presence of the history of his people or his nation Vigolh that goes on in the news story and the novel , and paired with this success, divine providence or the fact that his nation has sponsored these people care. And hardly devoid history of any nation of exaggerations in historical novels , and will try this study shed light on this aspect of historical writing on the duration of Islamic historical mission , and is the era of prophecy and caliphate so carried this title ( exaggerations in the historical novels of the modern prophethood and caliphate critical study ) and study comes within the field of historical studies concerned with the disclosure of historical fact and proved, and particularly in the Islamic history. From here came the desire to study the subject, and from the presence of my teachers encouraged in the Department of History. It is well known that the study of history and events and factors affecting it , and his feature known only to the person who is engaged in this kind of knowledge and science , and had to historians Arabs and Muslims preferred to identify the events of the past , but some of them are mentioned historical events without criticism , and transferred at face value and some of the lies and oodles , others convey the truth. But it is necessary to raise the important question in this aspect and what is the reasons. why some historians to exaggerate ? , And how to be detected?. This study may open a new door for the study of the same subject in the Islamic eras other because our study was limited to a period of early Islam and is the era of the Prophet Muhammad ( may Allah bless him and his family and him) and the era of the Caliphs ( may Allah be pleased with them ) , as the Islamic eras differ from each other because each has its advantages and its events , so the door exaggerations in novels and wading in it stays open for the study of later ages.
الملخص:
المصادر:

تجارة القطن في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية بين عامي 1783 - 1865 == Cotton Trade In The United State Between 1783 - 1865

اسم المؤلف: محمد سلمان منور
اسم المشرف: ياسين طه ياسين الهارون
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Had a history of the United States of America in the nineteenth century, important developments was the most prominent of the civil war between (1860 - 1865) between the southern states and the US federal government, and it was the most important reasons for having chronic disagreement between the parties on the issue of slavery, which resulted in the aggravation of this issue during the the nineteenth century to the occurrence of many developments that have made the two parties enter into frequent disputes between the two and the other.Cotton was the most prominent factors that caused the civil war, while it was slavery in America in the way of grants to recede and disappear in the final of the eighteenth century decade, emerged cotton crop tops the list of cash crops that the demand is very Kpalra in the late eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth century. , so gave cotton Aabboudah in the United States a strong motivation for the continuation of more than half a century, particularly since cotton was Leno in the south of large farms, which require a great effort to be planted and cared for. Against the industrial and commercial progress of the North because of the lack of orientation to agriculture causes climatic and topographic , efforts were concentrated towards industrialization, especially textile manufacturing, while the south has focused its attention towards agriculture with the rise of cotton has become more adherent than ever with his economic power, and of the slave
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