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اداء التجميع المتعامد لاشارات تقسيم الشفرات المتعدد الوصول ذات الحاملات المتعددة (Rayleigh) عبر قناة الخفوت الترددية الاختيارية من نوع == Performance Of Group Orthogonal Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access Signal Over Frequency Selective Rayleigh Fading Channel

اسم المؤلف: حارث اكرم ناصر العبيدي
اسم المشرف: مها جورج زيا
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: مع ظهور قنوات الخفوت الترددية الاختيارية المتعددة المسارات. اصبح نظام تقسيم الشفرات المتعدد الوصول (CDMA) يعاني من التداخل بسبب تعدد المستخدمين (MUI) والتداخل بين الرموز(ISI) ولكن مع التصميم المناسب لنظام تقسيم الشفرات فانه يوفر التفريق الى مسارات متعدد | In the presence of frequency selective multipath fading channels, code division multiple access (CDMA) suffers from multiuser interference (MUI), and intersymbol interference (ISI), but when properly designed, it enjoys multipath diversity. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is MUI free, and it does not enable the available channel diversity without employing error control coding. But coded OFDMA may achieve lower diversity than a CDMA system employing the same error control codes. In this work, the advantages of OFDMA and CDMA are merged to minimize MUI effects, and also to make the maximum available diversity for every user possible, this system is called group orthogonal multicarrier CDMA (GO - MC - CDMA).In group orthogonal multicarrier CDMA (GO - MC - CDMA) scheme, groups of users share a set of subcarriers. By carefully choosing group subcarriers, there is aguarantees that every user transmits with maximum diversity. MUI is only present among users of the same group, and is suppressed via multiuser detection, which becomes practically feasible by assigning a small number of users per group. The performance of GO - MC - CDMA system is analyzed with 3M bits/sec in two paths frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel. Moreover, simulations are carried out to illustrate the performance of GO - MC - CDMA with number of active users, number of subcarriers, space diversity combining technique, types of spreading code, type of data detection techniques, finally, the effect of near - far problem.

Effect Of Some Additives On Fire Retardance And Bending Strength Of Unsaturated Polyester (Upe) Composite

اسم المؤلف: محمد هلول مخيلف الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الفيزياء
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الفيزياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

المصادر الاخبارية للجمهور في العراق : دراسة ميدانية حول واقع استقاء الاخبار في اوساط الجمهور العراقي في بغداد

اسم المؤلف: دحام علي حسين العبيدي
اسم المشرف: علي حسين طوينة
الموضوع العام: الاعلام
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الصحافة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يشار الى ان الاخبار تمثل ركنا اساسيا من اركان الاعلام في عالمنا المعاصر. فعلى ضوئها يتمكن الجمهور من التواصل مع الاحداث المحلية والعالمية. فضلا عن دورها في تكوين الانطباعات، وتشكيل الاراء والاتجاهات. ذلك ان انتقاء بعض الاخبار دون الاخر، والتركيز على جا | As the news represent the basic element of the information in our nowadays life. By the news the audiences are able to communicate with the local & universal events as well as its role in making the impressions and forming the views and directions. And that by selecting some news from others and focusing on a side and neglecting the other and the way of making , the techniques of present the news all this is able to make effect upon the public opinion. The news play an active role in forming opinions that support the issues and having views that support the point of views, which are raised. From the concept of the importance of the news and from the fact that certified the mass media represent in general its importance to transfer and examine the news as well as its role to effect on the audiences. So, the researcher in his present study found that the study for the source from which the Iraqi audiences derived the news. The researcher achieved his present study according to a scientific procedure, and the researcher willing to achieve the aims of the study and reach to the sources from which the audiences are getting or derived their news and to limit which any of mass media is proffered by the audience as well as understand the relation on between the political chances for the audiences, such as (sex, the social individual, education level) and the process of getting the news by the audiences and how, he select the mass media which are adopted to be sources for the news derivation. To achieve the aims, the researcher adopted a survey procedure (method) and choose province of Baghdad to be the field of the study as the researcher believed that those audiences being a sample for the Iraqi audience in general. The researcher designed a paper of examination or investigation, so the researcher takes care of the conditions and obligations in this paper which consist of (25) questions. The study is divided to fife chapters and in the first chapter the researcher stated the title of the present study, its importance, aims and the problem of the study and showing the activities of the practical side. While in the second chapter which is in title (make the News) this chapter consists of four themes or topics, in the first topic the researcher identify the concept of news and its relation with other Journalist arts, and in the second one is about the identify to the interior & exterior news sources also, the third one is about the concept of the news values and which is the important one, and the fourth theme is mentioned the concept of the gate guard and the effected elements in publishing and selecting the news. The third chapter which is in title (Globalization & its effect in spread the news) it consists of three topics, the first one is to identify globalization and its effect on the political and economical domination, and the second topic is specialized to the subject of media under the globalization while the third one dealt with the imbalance in spread the news and its effect. In the fourth chapter, the researcher showed its title (Reasons & Tools to be exposed to audiences. For the news. It consists of four topics in the first one we mentioned the general jobs of mass media, and the second one is about the stimulus of human behavior and the need for the news, the uses and rumors. While the third topic is related with the nature of subjection and the psychological instrument, and the fourth topic is about the news and its effect to be in the level of priorities. At the end the researcher presented the fifth chapter which specialized in the sources of the news from which the Iraqi audiences taken the news, it is a field study, the researcher limited the sources according to the answers of the audiences in the paper of exam and also limited the degree of adoption for the audience on any means of the mass media to get the news and causes of that

الشعار السياسي : دراسة تحليلية لشعارات الاحزاب العراقية للمدة 4/9 - 9/9 / 2003 == The Political Slogan : An Analytical Study For The Slogans of The Iraqi Parties Over The Period 9/4 - 9/9/ 2003

اسم المؤلف: علاء مصطفى داخل
اسم المشرف: علي حسين طوينة
الموضوع العام: الاعلام
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: العلاقات العامة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: It is hard to find a political world without an active contact that represents the link between the conveying side and the publics. Such connection relates the ideas and clarifies them, as well as justifies what might need a justification for attracting t

مقومات صنع السياسة العامة وتاثيرها في فعالية النظام السياسي البريطاني == Components Public Policy Makers And Its Effects On Activity British Political System

اسم المؤلف: اوميد رفيق فتاح
اسم المشرف: وصال نجيب عارف العزاوي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الواقع الجغرافي
  • النظام السياسي
  • النظام البرلماني
  • تحديات السياسة العامة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: السياسة العامة، موضوعة، حتمية لاستكمال دور المواطنة في الحياة الاجتماعية الواسعة، ومعبرة عن تلك الافعال التي يقوم بها موظفوا الحكومة، استجابة للمشكلات والقضايا التي تثار من قبل النظام السياسي.. بتعبير اخر ان السياسة العامة هي مجموعة القواعد والبرامج الحكو

السياسة الخارجية الامريكية حيال المملكة العربية السعودية بعد احداث 11 ايلول (سبتمبر) 2001 == The American Foreign Policy Towards Saudi Arabia After The 11 September 2001

اسم المؤلف: دانا علي صالح البرزنجي
اسم المشرف: مازن اسماعيل الرمضاني
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In the three decades of the last century, the strategic political, economic, military interests of the United States of America appeared in Saudi Arabia, especially after discovering the oil and its producing regarding with its commercial rate, and the consideration of this state increased in American Foreign policy after waging second world war and advancing the equipment of United States of America to the location of strategic Saudi and its oil during and after this war, and so United States of America considered this state as a strategic confederate state during that time.American Foreign policy has seen the demonstration from Saudi Arabia and the phases of confusion and dispute in the relationship between the two states, which caused a lot of events, and also other events lead to expand and amplify controversial points between them. And the most significant event was the events of 11 September 2001. which formed a turning point in American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia, consequently increased the opportunity for amplifying and expanding the controversial points between them, in addition to the American increasing pressure to bring Saudi Arabia in to the war against (Terrorism) and pushing it to internal reforms, and positive practice in giving price on oil and its production, in the way that can be suit with American interests.Despite of all what have said before, it can be said that the events of September did not lead to complete the role of Saudi Arabia in the American Foreign Policy. This state kept on enjoying with extra important in this policy because of its strategic location and accommodate to the American policy and for the positive oil policy inside it.That thesis resided in proving their hypothesis which purported "The events of 11 September 2001 included the important effect in the direction of American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia". And during the explanation of the supposition the answer of main question that had been tired are : What are the influences of these events? orHow were influenced?What is the quality of this influence?How does it become the trend of American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia in the light of this influence?What is a future viewer about politics?The study is divided into introduction, four chapters and conclusion.In the first part - which we considered preface to enter the study deeply made it easily and then analyze the main subjects in it - the American Foreign Policy were administrated towards Saudi Arabia in its historical frame, since united state of Americas Confession about Saudi Arabia and until the events of 11 September 2001.In the second part which include : The variables effect on American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia which devoted to the economic variables, (oil, commercial exchange, financial streams of Saudi) and American internal variables, (Jew Lobby, oil and military industries complex, mass media, leading production, Universities sentries and searches). The variables of Saudi internal environment (the case of human rights, democracy, reformation) and regionally variables (the conflict between Arab and Israel, Iran, Iraq, and the other gulf countries). And the variables of International environment (the European alliance, China, Russia, and Japan).The third part specified to study the events of 11 September 2001 and its American International outcomes.The fourth part which is entitle (11 September 2001 and the American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia) it specified to concentrate on the effect of September events on American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia, in the political, economic, military and strategic fields. And to concentrate on creating future viewer for American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia : continuous seen, change, and change and continuously. The conclusion concludes all the purport of the study

العلاقات العربية الامريكية : دراسة في الابعاد الاستراتيجية لمشروع الشرق الاوسط

اسم المؤلف: حازم حمد موسى الجنابي
اسم المشرف: منعم صاحي حسين العمار
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

سياسات الاصلاح بين متطلبات الداخل وشروط الخارج : دراسة حالة مصر == The Restoration Policies Issue Between The Inside Requirements And The Outside Conditions (( Astudy On Egypt Situation))

اسم المؤلف: جنان حسين عبد الرحيم
اسم المشرف: مها عبد اللطيف حسن الحديثي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لم يعد الاصلاح قضية ينادي بها المجتمع لتعديل وتقويم سياسات النظام الخاطئة والناتجة عن الاشخاص الفاسدين او البرامج والخطط الفاشلة، بل اصبح قضية ممكن ان تؤدي الى خرق سيادة الدولة عبر تدخل الدول او المنظمات الدولية في السياسات العامة للدولة بصورة مباشرة او | The restoration or reform is not only considered as a case which proclaimed by the society in order to amend and rectify the wrong policies of the political regime which is the result of the dishonest persons or the failure plans and programs , but also becomes a case which may result a penetration for the state authority through the intervention of the states or the international organizations in the general policies of the state , directly or indirectly and relationship of the restoration with cases of the democracy , fighting the terror and the release from the exhaustive dictatorial regimes. Egypt is one of the Arabic States which demanded by the United States Of America directly through making wide restorations in all the fields , The United States Of America was not the lonely demander for making the restorations because the Egyptian resistance and the civilian society which represented by various classes of people , demanded the government for the restoration policies in order to release from the corruption with all it’s forms. For the importance of the restoration policies issue between the inside requirements and the outside conditions and study Egypt situation , it is necessary to deal with the research through three chapters , the first one represents the theoretical frame of the restoration nation , while the second emphasized on explaining the way of the Egyptian regime and it’s complications and the problems which the society is suffering from and the working way of the political parties and the civilian society , while the third chapter shows the restoration policies during three presidencies. The research also deals with the restoration demands between the outside and the inside. Finally , we speak about what Egypt needs of restorational policies. The research show that the political restoration didn’t get it’s real dimensions but it has just had media from through electoral advertising programs , so we see the governors dodging when there is a speech about this issue especially because of the masses demands related with process of the authority circulation peacefully with the political participation of the people in order to reach the achieving of the promised democracy while , we see the governors rush towards making any policy which imposed on them from the outside , even though , it is not for the benefit of their people , this emphasize the tyranny of the outside restoration demands on the society ones for the restoration

مستقبل الدور العالمي لليابان

اسم المؤلف: ايلاف راجح هادي
اسم المشرف: صلاح حسن محمد
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: When we are search about global role pf Japan we can say japan's role not a newly state because when we read the abstract of Japan modern history from al - meji age 1868 to the end of the cold war 1990 ,we found Japan had views of global role especially in the first level of modern history from 1868 to 1945 the final year of the second world war, in this era Japan had all aspects and conditions of global role in military, economic and industrial powers. So the modern history of Japan produce to us study about the ability of Japan to arise again to play strong global role and explain the Japanese look after globalization and how they love the nationalism.In the second level of modern history Japan became economic power in international system and left the disarray life as a result of American occupation in 1945, this fact reflect the Japan's ability to develop international role in the future, We have enough evidence to know Japan lives today building age toward expanding the role in the future, this evidence divided into abilities and semblances.About abilities, Japan engage with it's abilities in complete seriously rather than domestic or foreign abilities, so japan realize the capability size of them, and this point consider the secret of japan successful and they have good strategic with clear purposes without forgetting cruel circumstances which around japan rather than opportunity or checks and reach to middle settlement which give a chance for japan to efficient relation with themselves, so the domestic abilities have higher honesty in all aspects, therefore Japan have a great basis especially in economic and technology fields which gives Japan a great influence in global economic such as global commerce, global investment and development assistance (ODA. we can not forgetting the community of japan which have strong people with strong unity and respect the national traditions like family gathering work and develop cooperation spirit in individuals behavior.In military field Japan developed the military forces in all aspects navy, air force and land force without excited domestic and regional fears depends on cooperation procedures and build the trust between the states of region, therefore Japan built modern navy force which consider one of the best navy forces in region support it by distinct air force depend on fighter planes in different types further to ground defenders base such as shield of missiles and developed missile ability by security cooperation with united states of America.But with presence of the various positives sides we can not say there is no weak points in japan's ability but the question here where is the secret done to cross these gaps?! By the completely realized to gaps of Japan's identity with the experience of related with these gaps and own the ability to found successful solves and the plans to supply these to avoid the gaps, this process is the secret of Japan's successful national strategic the matter which reflect the efficient of Japan's institutions, about political system that's right there is many gaps in political system such as un stability and administration corruption but Japanese start work hard toward evolutions in administration, economic and political fields for creating stable domestic environment which gives a chance to express the future picture of Japan and make successful strategic to achieve this future, further, there is clearly fact Since nineties of last century expressed by the real will seems on Japan to opportunity the new international circumstances and prevailed invitation to make a turning in foreign policy of Japan with new shape distinct by independence and national interests, the international environment gives a chance for japan to develop foreign programs and translate it to level much progress and not limit in economic but expanding to political international influence the foreign policy of Japan began give interest to places and subjects were not important before this moment like Africa and middle east and japan began participate in administrate issues of these places. Further, Japan increase the interest about international organizations especially the united nations, increase Japan's activities in united nations from increase a number of Japanese employs to participation with a high percent in finance of united nations activities and don't forgetting japan is the first state in whole global stage in gives assistance and loans for developing countries. The new foreign programs of Japan not limit in economic or political but cross it by japan seek to get a permanent set in security council by expanding participation in international security and military act which not limited lastly on united nations activities in peace keeping operations but cross it to real participate by military troops because respect the obligations and responsibilities towards the alliances especially united states of America. therefore, Japan participated in multi nations force in Iraq, this operation consider quality transformation for japan's activity in two sides, first, developed the japan's military international participation ,second, launch the Japan's will towards expanding the global role without hesitation. This matter reflects the Japanese intention to develop present role in future levels even reach in future to the Japan role with independence global participation. We conclude from this study that Japan in its policy on global arena will face three fundamental spectators : First : this scene supposes that Japan as regard as a super economic power and still in economic role without expanding this role to political and security acts. Second : this scene suppose that Japan in future going to become independence super power have own strategic focus on national interests without alliances influence and japan ambition to get global pole. Third : this scene suppose that Japan not still perform just economic role but going to support it by political and security roles by participation in global issues administration and in global arrangement of collective security this scene not far away toward global pole by challenged the circumstances surrounding Japan, but relate carefully with obstacles and hope to exceeding some of these obstacles and don't agitation the others even the circumstances allowed to over passing this false steps in next era in future, so this scene draw a global role not evokes the regional and international fears against Japan and mobile toward global vivacious participation. When the reality of Japan read these spectators reflect a fact means these spectators regard as a levels will achieving according To capability of Japan, so we have the first viewer accomplishment in the 20century But the question did japan satisfied about this case or seeking to develop it to another viewer the third one in fact this posture is a most ability to achieve in future opposite the second viewer suppose global pole by challenge all obstacles and smash it bowling toward globalization the matter which mean japan faced with ambitions of other powers potentially leads to struggle, therefore, this posture need long era for done it's conditions and the necessary evolutions. Finally ,we can say Japan set front of future conclude global vivacious role in all aspects.

العولمة واثارها في نقل التكنولوجيا في الوطن العربي == Globalization & Its Impacts Upon Transferring Technology In The Arab Nation

اسم المؤلف: وفاء محـمد عـزيـز الـرفيـعي
اسم المشرف: سمير عبود عباس الشمري
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان من الحقائق المؤكدة ان درجة التطور الاقتصادي والاجتماعي لاية دولة مرتبطة اساسا بدرجة تطور تلك الدولة تكنولوجيا، فالتكنولوجيا ذات اهمية حيوية في الحرب والسلم، وان الاعتبار التكنولوجية قد اصبحت تسيطر على البناء الاقتصادي لجميع الدول وتزداد هذه السيطرة مع | Our world is witnessing today a great acceleration of so many factors and incidents concerning spread of Globalization phenomena through all its mechanisms and organizations for the purpose of moving it from the regional aspect towards the universal aspect. In the time the Arab nations are suffering from lagging in the economical and social programs mainly due to lagging in the scientific and technological levels in comparison to the other countries in the civilized world. Globalization phenomena today is a comprehensive international concept and being adopted by well - known international organizations such as the UN, International Monetary Fund, National Bank for Building & Construction in addition to WTO. Upon the so - called basis the Arab nations should plan its strategy to interact with these incidents and using some of this phenomena’s mechanism precisely the part that help in transferring great deeds of the scientific technological revolution.This research is quite significance because it focuses on discovering and analyzing the tracks of this phenomenon in its all dimensions and mechanisms for the scientific and technological progress and results of the reflection over developing process in the Arab Nations. Thus multi - national companies are playing an eminent role in transferring and subjugating technology, in its international level, by applying in different projects worldwide. Objective of the research This research is aiming to achieve the following : 1 - Discovering and analyzing “Globalization” as an economical phenomena which is playing a considerable role in direct and indirect effect on the world economics including the Arab Nations.2 - Analyzing the phenomenon’s impact upon the scientific and technological sides. Meanwhile the multi - national companies are playing an extra role in promoting this process, as it is one of Globalization’s mechanism, reflexes on the technological development. 3 - The research is also aim to combine between development objective in the Arab Nations and means for achieving them.Research Hypothesis The research is based upon two hypotheses : A - Lagging of the Arab economy is mainly due to lagging in science and technology.B - Globalization, as phenomena, through its entire dimensions and mechanism, has influenced on the scientific and technological development in the Arab World.Methodology of the Research In order to achieve the research’s objective and hypothesis the researcher has performed different scientific research methods i.e. the descriptive and statistical analyzing methodology for discovering and analyzing the entity of Globalization including its mechanism as well as its impact over the technological development in the Arab Nations. Also using of the historical methodology to identify the historical background of creating and developing this global phenomenon. Analyzing the Scientific References The research has depended on scientific references, especially those related to Globalization and its mechanism and organizations, written by Arab and Iraqi authors and contemplator. In addition the research has made use of bunch of statistics and reports reveling the actual scientific and technological level in the Arab Nations. Previous studies also took part in this research such as independent researches and relevant scientific thesis written by specialized academic professors. Notably those references have enriched this research a lot. The frame of the Research In order to prove the research’s hypotheses and achieving its goals, the study has tackled the subject through a preface and three chapters consisting of nine topics plus the conclusions and recommendations;? Chapter One has tackled the theoretical background for the research regarding Globalization its mechanism and organizations connecting with technology. This chapter consists of three topics. The first topic has tackled the main concept for Globalization, the second tackled the mechanism and organizations of Globalization, while the third has tackled the relation between Globalization and technology.? Chapter Two has tackled the Arabic true technological level and development requirements. The first topic tackled the technological role in development process. The second topic took the Arabic technological reality while the third topic has studied the actual scientific and technological level of Arab Nations. ? Chapter Three has included Globalization influence upon the present and future of the Arab economy and technology. The first topic has studied the Globalization impacts upon Arab economical reality. The second topic included Globalization impacts upon Arab technological reality. While the third topic has taken the perspective horizons to limit globalization’s impacts upon Arab technology. The researcher has came into conclusions, from the contents and steps of her research, in order to give proper recommendations and present this study before other researchers and specialists in economy.

نشوز الزوجة : دراسة مقارنة == Wife's Disobedience Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: فراس جرجيس خلف الخاتوني
اسم المشرف: عبد المحسن قاسم الحاج حمو العبادي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: قانون الاحوال الشخصية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • نشوز الزوجة
  • سبب
  • شرعي
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نشوز الزوجة هو ارتفاعها عن اداء الحق الواجب عليها تجاه زوجها المتمثل بطاعته ومعاشرته بالمعروف وتسليم نفسها له وملازمة المسكن.وقد اختلف الفقهاء في معنى النشوز الذي بحثناه في المطلب الثاني من المبحث الاول من الفصل الاول، والراجح في ذلك هو تعريف بعض الشاف | Wife's disobedience is the case when she gets astray on doing her duties to the husband; which is to obey and to live peacefully with him. In addition to giving herself up for cohabitation. Scholars have different views opposite to each other to the meaning of disobedience. The most common one is the definition of some Shafia; that is mentioned above. Since it implies most of the wife's disobedience methods and ways that are mentioned in the prophet's Sunna that was verified after the Holy Quran. It taboos the disobedience. The researched legislation laws that are the Iraqi, Syrian and the Egyptian have adopted the concept of disobedience judgment concept that is Al - Hanafi's definition. It includes the concept of having the wife getting out of the marital house and not to cohabit with the husband for no reason. Whereas the Moroccan law adopted Al - Maliki's concept of disobedience. On the other side of the coin, the Tunisi law does not mention the disobedience concept, but it only omitted the obedience right of the husband lately and no further details as far as conduct are mentioned. And wife's disobedience has reasons which divided into illegal reasons to wife's disobedience that are divided into major and minor ones. Besides there are legal reasons as what's been agreed upon among Muslims scholars, and some disputed ones as well. These are many in the Islamic Faqah. The Iraqi and Egyptian code consider unjustifiable imprisonment as illegal reasons as the majority of the scholars consider it, whereas Al - Malikia and Abo - Yousif from Al - Hanafia consider it as a legal reason for disobedience if it was wrongful or for a dept. That's what we have agreed upon as well. The legal reasons have been pointed out by the Iraqi code and refers to in general term as (legal justification). Whereas it splitted the legal reasons for the legal house after it has appointed legal standards in item 2 of article 25 that is limited only to the illegal husband's disobedience, which is a legal reason for her disobedience. The Iraqi legislator was criticizing this. Whereas the Syrian and Egyptian legislator are better than the Iraqi one especially in the excuse issue of the women professionality. As far as the Egyptian one, it tackles the legal excuse in a very detailed and clear way. There are hidden and obvious disobedience types. The disobedience methods in the doctrines, so they coincide according to each one of them. The Shafia's doctrine has the most describable image for the wife's disobedience according to its definition. Then comes the Al - Hanbali, we have preferred the shafia's doctrine except in some issues; which are the wrongful imprisonment. Also, Ashora’ fasting, Arafa and the Sunnan prayers that are considered excuses and justifications to the wife unlike the point of view of the scholars’ majority. The disobedience image in all the Iraqi, Syrian and Egyptian laws is the same mostly. This is due to their taking the Hanafia's doctrine. The wife's disobedience has outcomes at the end whether in the Islamic Faqah or the situational law. Since there would be spiritual effects out of abandoning the husband to his wife in bed and hitting her gently and unharmfully. Also, her right would be dropped as far as sleeping when there are multi - wives. Besides, there are financial effects that are represented in dropping off the alimony temporarily. This is applicable to all doctrines except Al - Thahria, and when separation is sentenced. The Iraqi law has pointed out the abandon as a reason of the separation if it continues two or more years, as in article 43 of the identity cards code. Whereas the other Arabic codes has limited this period within 1 year or more. This period would be specified by Al - Aila’a which is 4 months as to what's been indicated in Islamic Sharia’a. Also, the Iraqi law has given the right to the husband to hit his wife as in the sanctions code. Whereas in the Arabic countries, the hitting is not a means to settle the wife down because women reached to high positions.The Arabic laws consider the wife's disobedience a dropping for the expenses after divorce. Also, the Iraqi legislator considers it a reason of separation and it effects the dowry, so it still criticizing as well. The obedience of the wives after their disobedience has conditions to be met in the Islamic Faqah. This is on two types : hidden one; that are done inside the marital house without a judge or by the wife herself based on the husband's way of settling her down. Or it could be an obvious one; that is after the wife's leaving the marital house and through a judge either by the wife herself or by the husband's invitation. The Iraqi and comparative laws do not mention but the last type, which is the obvious disobedience, since that law deals only with explicit and obvious issues.A rumor among barristers and lawyers says that the obedience case is a dead one in the Iraqi legislation. But this says unjustifiable is under view and correction.

دور الارادة في تحديد الاختصاص القضائي الدولي واثارها : دراسة مقارنة == The Role Of Will In Determining International Judicial Competence Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: علياء احمد مبارك الزوبعي
اسم المشرف: نواف حازم خالد
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي الخاص
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الارادة
  • الاختصاص القضائي الدولي
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد الخضوع الارادي احد الضوابط المهمة في فقه القانون الدولي الخاص والتي ينعقد على اساسه اختصاص المحكمة للنظر في النزاع، ويمكن ان يكون الاتفاق على الخضوع لمحكمة معينة صريحا سواء اكان سابقا على قيام النزاع ام لاحقا له، او ضمنيا ويكون بالخضوع المادي لاح | Voluntary submission is one of the self - evident rules in the private international Law. On which depends the competence of the court in order to deal with the conflict. The agreement of submission might be explicit or implicit. It is explicit for certain court before or after the conflict. It is also implicit when it is physical submission to one of the two parties or both of them in front of one of the courts. This submission is of double nature, in this case it will take legal proceedings of law of will because it is a contract. There might be previous agreement about voluntary submission. As for the effects of submission, they concern the law of the judge because they are related to the process. Giving will a role in determining judicial competence has nothing to do with the relation between judicial competence and public order. But it is based on the existence of a general theory of giving up the competence, i.e., the judge has the right to give up his competence within certain conditions whenever these conditions are met the court has the right to give up the conflict and this indicates to the court which will settle the dispute. It is important to add that the Islamic Law and the international conventions acknowledge this right in spite of the differences which exist among them. It is obvious that Brussels convention of 1968 and the Declaration of Brussels of 2001 concerning foreign judgments give the two conflicting parties the right of choosing the court of one of the contracting countries. Mention must be made of Hague convention because it is thoroughly about voluntary submission. Two effects will result out of voluntary submission. The first one is positive which leads to a convention of enlargement of the competence of the court. This means that the court settles the conflict which are not its own competence but they have all the required conditions. The second one is negative because the concerned court will be deprived of its competence. The agreement of voluntary submission concerns the person to whom the right or the debt has been transferred except the contracts of transport because the consignee is absent. It is possible that his submission is to a court which never guarantees the required legal protection. As a result of the development in the field of commercial operations and because of use of modern electronic means of communications, it gives the will the ability of an agreement electronically in order to choose certain court concerned with the conflict. Because of these developments the electronic agreement has the same value of the ordinary written agreement. This submission has an effect on applicable law as a result of the freedom of the countries for the adaptation of conflicts and applying all the rules which are compatible with its legal system. This is due to the fact that the concept of public order is quite different from one country to another and therefore we find a difference in the final settlement of the dispute.

القانون الواجب التطبيق على عقد التامين : دراسة مقارنة == Applicable Law Of Insurance Contract A Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: زينة حازم خلف
اسم المشرف: كامل عبد الحسين حسن البلداوي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • القانون الواجب
  • عقد التامين
  • القانون، التطبيق
  • الواجب
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد عقد التامين الذي ينظم العلاقة ما بين المؤمن والمؤمن له ضرورة لتحقيق الامان والطمانينة لمصالح الافراد والجماعات المشتركين فيه ضد ما يحويه المستقبل لهم من اخطار يعجز الفرد بمفرده عن تحملها، كما يعد في المجتمع البداية الحقيقية للمستقبل الافضل لانه يشمل | Insurance contract which organized the relationship between the assuror and assured has a necessity to achieve safety and trust for individuals and groups' interest who participated in it against to what future hidden from risks that individual cant not bear to face it alone. As it consider in society the true starting for best life in human being. It is including an addition to the secure of man' life also the safety on his money properties and his life resources all with his mental and educational identity.Insurance contract in the frame of special international law considered a contract of important contract which needed to clarify in order to build legal system that practice on it. But if the contract itself produced a difficult, there will be no way to search its content but it will be just through searching in its insurance contract root age that distinguished it on what is similar with other contracts which specially reflected on the law that ruled it.So if we enabled to summaries limited indicators to the importance of insurance contract. This will simplify us showing legal adoptive as a preface to search the most distinguished theories and legal rules which are shaped the international law juries - consults (legal experts) and national organization like the Roma's convention for the year 1980 and young and Enfris rules concerned with mutual marines looses. In addition to legislations and different laws.But on the light of relations' information for the search which occupied the rules of necessary application of a distinguish place and mixed with rules that left for freedom of the parts and their desires. So it must be shade a light on these rules and norms as regarded, we added another dimensions for the problem of conflict of law in the concern of special national relations. The rules of necessary application are the most rules which to proceed with the nature of insurance contract that gave constant saving stability (necessary stability) and affirmed insurance for those whose relations will rule by a known law in advance.And lead to solution justice and established balance in the relation that the equality may occupied between its pats. Where these rules usually build on the base of mental relation which linked its content and aims with space of application. And distinguished it on the rules of single approach in attribution (single side) that characterized insurance contracts which organized according to the rules ( that applied) within Loyid's in international organization.In addition to that, the rules of necessary application were and still in respectable place by international organizations that handled this subject in place of search if it was to the Roma convention or for European direction. Cause it considered from order rules which the nations legislations aimed to achieve certain goals, represented in insurance contract with a protection the week partner (assure) and protected economical basis for these countries.If the law of necessary application on insurance contract being according to the special supporting limitations to protect the week part with economical and social basis for different countries which are contracted with this contract. So it is necessary to this law to not limit on the subject of contract, that expanding to all its elements except to what is related with insurer qualification which is always being on the shape of insurance company, insurer, and what is related with the shape of contract that represented by (insurance document). In addition to the claims of insurance contract which were juristic difficulties to what is related to the law that ruled it. So the Iraqi insurance law of the number (10) for the year 2005 has a special role in the field of rules businesses of necessary application on insurance contract which in its part reflected clearly on the traditional supporting rules (rule of willing law) which is represented in the article (1/25) of the Iraqi civil law

النظام القانوني لوكالة العقود التجارية : دراسة مقارنة == The Legal System Of Commercial Contracts Agency A Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: اسراء صلاح محمد سعيد الطائي
اسم المشرف: هالة مقداد احمد الجليلي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: وكالة العقود هي احدى صور الوكالة التجارية القائمة على فكرة النيابة الكاملة في التعاقد. فهي بمضمونها عقد يلتزم بموجبه شخص يسمى الوكيل بان يتولى على وجه الاستمرار، وفي منطقة نشاط معينة الترويج والتفاوض وابرام الصفقات باسم شخص اخر يدعى الموكل ولحسابه مقابل ا | Contracts agency is considered to be one the most commercial agencies that draw upon the idea of the complete proxy in contracting process. It is inclusively a contract that assumes an individual to undertake currently, in a certain active location, to negotiate and dealing. This can be fulfilled by the name and for the account of another constituent individual against a wage payable to the agent. The current study delineated that the contract has a property of being prominent rather than other formulas and commercial mediations. In order to fulfill the requirements of the any contract, there should be provided by parties of the contact (agent and procurator) and other individuals who sign the contract for them. The agent himself seeks individually to form this element, whichever advertisement, negotiating and ensuring. It should provide the prerequisite requirements (satisfaction, location and reason) for the integrity of the contract items to be validated in the rightful parties. Before the practice of the agent to the activities of implementing the contract agency inside the required country, he should make the procedures of the commercial record registration. Thus, it is prohibited to practice the agenda of commercial agency, only to the names recorded in the commercial record registration. These have been provided by the commercial agency lawful items. Commercial agency has properties may be associated with other contracts as a party - binding contract depends on negotiating among parties. Additionally, some properties that may be individualized tan others. The commercial agent characterized by individuality that he is free of managing all commercial activities. On the basis of signing the contract between the two parties, rights and commitments may be established. Many relations have emerged almost among the parties of the contract or the agent and the other individuals. If any party breaches the agency, there have been commitments about this type of liability.As for any contract, there must be validated. Contract agency provided the general reasons to validate the agency. Additionally, the lawmaker provided the individual reasons that the contract agency may have been validated. This can be seen in an individual will for one party of the contract and the idea of cooperative right that the contract thought was based on and justified the private system for the accomplishment. It is dedicated that the other party may be compensated as result to the violation of one item in contract agency on condition of uncompetitive procedure of the incompletion the contract. What is the conclusion of the judging condition and the degree of commitment to the parties of the contract after the validation?

اجراءات الاثبات المدني : دراسة مقارنة == Civil Proofs Affirmation Procedures

اسم المؤلف: وائل مؤيد جلال الدين الجليلي
اسم المشرف: عباس زبون عبيد العبودي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: قانون الاثبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاثبات المدني
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد اجراءات الاثبات قواعد شكلية، تحدد ما يتبع من وسائل في تقديم طرق الاثبات يجب على الخصوم القيام بها، وهذه الاجراءات ترتبط بالاثبات القضائي المدني الذي له اهمية بالغة في التاكيد على وجود الحقوق وصحتها، ولا تكاد تخلو اية دعوى مدنية من وجوب وجود الاثبات | The proof registration is a one of the routine procedures. It specifies the means that both disputed parties have top follow. These procedures are linked with the civil judicial proofing system that has a great value in assuring people's rights and its legality. There is no civil complain without the proof system being affirmed in it and its procedures as well. The legislator aims to achieve justice, respect to the defense rights and facilitates the proving process. That's due to the fact that there is no siting procedures are being shown in it that the disputed parties and judges have to commit to. The disputed parties can not impose procedures of other proving procedures that the law has not mentioned.Therefore, the proof system has a great value to both disputed parties because they mostly lose their cases. This is due to their not following the right ways of law. The present paper discovers the ambiguities the these procedures has and that belong to the proofing system in the law by providing evidence to the court of law and make the judges committed to these evidence though it is routine. These procedures have to be before the court of law and to be part of the civil complain case and that the law is based on it directly.These procedures are comprehensive and general. This paper has tackled some of these proofing procedures that directly coincide with the case that need to be proved. It includes the written evidence proving in experience and checking. Also, the indirect proof system that doesn’t coincide with the case needed to be proved and includes the evidence of gestures and confessions and questioning and the oath. Then, the court of law authority duration has been specified in the terms of the procedures that govern the evidence and proofs whether it is direct or indirect one.

العبودية لله تعالى واثرها في سلوك المسلم

اسم المؤلف: مؤيد محمود حسن المشهداني
اسم المشرف: شاكر محمود عبد المنعم الهيتي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: اصول الدين
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

ايات البصر والبصيرة في القران الكريم : دراسة موضوعية

اسم المؤلف: محمد خضر علي العيساوي
اسم المشرف: شاكر محمود عبد المنعم الهيتي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التفسير
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

تاسي الدعاة في صبر النبي في الدعوة الى الله

اسم المؤلف: كيلان خليل حيدر الاتروشي
اسم المشرف: خميس دحام علي الزوبعي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الدعوة والخطابة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

ايات الخروج في سبيل الله : دراسة موضوعية

اسم المؤلف: كاظم عطية حمادي العزي
اسم المشرف: رافع اسعد عبد الحليم العاني
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التفسير
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

الفكر التربوي الوضعي واثره على المسلم المعاصر

اسم المؤلف: قتيبة عباس حمد حبيب
اسم المشرف: وليد غفوري البدري
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الفكر الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

النصوص الباقية في تفسير ابي بكر محمد بن علي بن اسماعيل القفال الشاشي (ت 265 هـ) : جمع وتحقيق ودراسة

اسم المؤلف: فرحان عزيز مجيد
اسم المشرف: قوام الدين عبد الستار محمد الهيتي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التفسير
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

جهـود الامام بـدر الـدين العـيني فـي علوم القران في كــتابه عمدة القاري في شــرح صحيح البخاري

اسم المؤلف: علاء جاسم محمد الحمداني
اسم المشرف: غانم قدوري الحمد
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم القران
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise be to Allah and blessing and peace be upon the prophet of Allah, then… This research is considered a new step in Koran studies that deal with demonstrating the importance of Prophet’s Sunna and its relation with the Holy Koran, considering that Prophet’s Sunna explains the Holy Koran. In this study, the researcher’s task is firstly to demonstrate Al - Ainee’s opinions and then to discuss those opinions through showing the scientists says and comparing them with his says. The researcher depended on many references that deal with the subject. It required a preface, four chapters, a conclusion and an annex of masters’ translations. ? Results of Research : 1. In the preface, the researcher talked about Al - Ainee’s life. He revealed his birth, growth, sheikhs and students. 2. Al - Ainee depended on many references. His book characterized by many transcriptions. Al - Ainee did not transcript only, but also he discussed and refused.3. Al - Ainee exerted efforts that deal with descending of Holy Koran, the first verse, the last verse, revelation, Mecci and Medini verses, … etc. 4. Al - Ainee asserted that the Mecci are those verses descended in Mecca even if descended after Hijra, and Medini are those verses descended in Medina. He depended basically on the place to know that. 5. Al - Ainee talked about collecting and writing the Holy Koran in the time of Abu Baker and Othman.6. Al - Ainee talked about the seven letters and showed the scientists’ opinions. He considered more likely that the seven letters are seven languages of Arabic ones.7. Al - Ainee was greatly acquainted with science of Koran readings. He demonstrated many readings. He allowed irregularly reading.8. Al - Ainee was greatly acquainted with science of descending reasons. He demonstrated the reason of some verses descending. He benefited from descending reason to understand verses and the purposes of them. 9. Al - Ainee allowed abrogation in Holy Koran. He believed that there are four types of abrogation : abrogation of recitation and term, abrogation of term without recitation, abrogation of recitation without term and abrogation of term description.10. Al - Ainee is considered a great explainer, modernizer as well as jurist. He explained many verses linguistically and legally. Also, he explained Koran by Koran and sayings of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), companions and followers. Allah’s blessing and peace be upon our Prophet Mohammed, all his family and companions.

الكذب في ضوء ايات القران الكريم : دراسة موضوعية == Lie In The Light Of Holy Qur'an Verses

اسم المؤلف: عبد القادر عياش محمد السامرائي
اسم المشرف: محمد شاكر عبد الله الكبيسي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التفسير
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

ايات الرجوع وما في معناها في القران الكريم : دراسة موضوعية == The Verses Of Getting Back In Holly Qura’N (Subjective Study)

اسم المؤلف: حيدر خليل اسماعيل الخالدي
اسم المشرف: احمد محمد الشحاذ
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التفسير
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Holly Qura’n is the strongest connection of God and his over whelming guidance, who follows it got to the safety side, who neglect it strayed and becomes in hell. By reading it Muslims will be in the highest heavens, by understanding it he will get satisfaction by God. So researchers take the initiative to get as much as they could from it and what God helps him to study one of its specialization. I have been one of those that Holly Qura’n attracted them towards it to deal with a part of its specialization, therefor the tittle of my thesis is “The verses of getting back in Holly Qura’n - Subjective study - ” The concept of research grew up through the invaluable lectures which were presented by our instructors during preparatory term. The instructors have been shedding lights on the Qura’n verses which have similar meaning and different references within the Qura’n text, that is why the concept deeply rooted in my thought, and the tittle started rooming in my imagination and the college council approved it, so I have started hard work. After the inventory the words of thesis are 32 word that is : “Raja’ , Rada, Raga, Sadra, Sarafa, Agabh, Enklab, Aab, Afadh, Thab, Faa’, Anab, Tab, Had, Afik, Baa’ , Hara, Sara, Atib, Karh, Naks, Nakss” , whereas the verses of thesis were 520 verse.Thesis PlaneThesis included three chapters, we have taken care of its organization adopted meaning we have concluded during researching. The chapter one divided into eight sections that is : “the verses of Al rojoo’, Alrad, Alraog, Alsader, Alsarf, Alta’geeb, Alaod, Alenkelab”. In this way it comes in different meaning as the real metaphorical getting back that have the meaning of mundane and after life getting back, the return in the good and evil, the compulsory and optional return.Chapter two is divided into seven sections that are : “The verses of Alaob, Alefadha, Altaob, Althaob (Alethaba), Alfae’, Alnaob (Alenaba), Alhaod”, but the prevailing meaning is the “Good”.Chapter three included eight sections that are : “The verses of Alefek, Albao’, Alhor, Almaseer, Alatab, Alkar, Alnokoos, Alnokoos”, But the general meaning which exist in the sections of this chapter is the “Evil”.In arrangement the sections of this chapter we depend on sequence of the alphabetical letters of twenty three return words.The Important ResultsHolly Qura’n used this words for different meaning within the Qura’n text in one of the rules or stories, it is indicate to diversify of Holly Qura’n in using the Arabic language. • Holly Qura’n distinguished between the verses that included the word “Raj’a” and its forms in the meaning of transitive and the verses that included this word in the meaning of intransitive.• Holly Qura’n used reality and metaphor in the verses of this research.• This position of verses came by desirable or horrifying things.• We note how the Holly Qura’n distinguish between “Alraj’a” and “Alrad”.• We find that the alternative reading of Holly Qura’n have effect in the meaning of verses of Holly Qura’n.• Holly Qura’n used one of this words instead of another one to clearing the verse context.• Holly Qura’n varify between “Alrojoo’ ” and “Alenklab”, “Almarj’ ” and “Almunkalab”.• The positions of verses in this research that comes in the Mekkian sura characterized by wonderful suitable with its essential objects and features which comes for it.• The positions of verses that came in the Medeenian sura characterized by perfect suitable with its objects and features which came to treat it.• Holly Qura’n used some words indicate to “Good” more than its indicate to “Evil” and that is obvious in chapter two.• As it use another words indicate to “Evil” more than its indicate to “Good” and this use is the tittle of chapter three.• Some position of verses indicated to the almighty of God over the humans.• The verses which contain explanation of prophets getting back to God by “Taoba” it was not giving up sin or guilt because of impossibility committing sin by them

حقوق المراة وواجباتها في الكتب السماوية الثلاثة == The Right Of Womam And Her Duties In The Three Celestial Books Comparison Study

اسم المؤلف: رعد حميد توفيق صالح البياتي
اسم المشرف: شاكر محمود عبد المنعم الهيتي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: اصول الدين
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
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