اسم المؤلف:
اسراء عبد عبد الله
اسم المشرف:
نادية عزيز ناصر
المستخلص:
Background : Breast cancer ranks as the fifth cause of death from canceroverall (522,000 deaths) and while it is the most frequent cause of cancer deathin women in less developed regions (324,000 deaths, 14.3% of total), it is nowthe second cause of cancer death in more developed regions (198,000 deaths,15.4%) after lung cancer. In Iraq, breast cancer is the commonest type offemale malignancy, accounting for approximately one - third of the registeredfemale cancers according to the Iraqi Cancer RegistryObjectives : Identify the burden and to highlight a database of epidemiologicaldata of breast cancers in Iraq.Patients and methods : A descriptive cross section study from the 1st of Marchto the end of September 2017, in which all registered patients with breastcancers in Iraq 2009 - 2013 were included.Results : A total of 19035 patients with breast tumor through the period 2009 - 2013. The incidence of breast tumor cases per year was as the followings; 2009(15.7%), 2010 (18.6%), 2011 (20.2%), 2012 (21.6%) and 2013 (23.9%), withthe mean age was 50.6±12.4 years. The main patients residence was in Baghdad(32.75), 10.2% of the patients were employed. Peri - canalicular fibro adenomahad significantly higher survival rate than other morphological types. Nosignificant relationship was observed between breast tumor outcome and breasttumor behavior. Grade II breast tumors was significantly associated with highersurvival rateConclusion : The incidence rate of breast tumors in Iraq at 2013 is higher thanprevious years and the incidence trend for period (2009 - 2013) are increasing.Introduction1INTRODUCTIONCancer is a group of disease that causes cells in the body to change andgrow out of control [1]. These are neoplastic disorders caused due toexcessive proliferation of cells. Cancer is one of the most dreaded noncommunicablediseases that have made them most important contributorto the global burden of disease [2]. Since, Cancer is a multi - cellulardisease that causes excessive proliferation of cells; continual future research on cancer trends is warranted to study the actual cancer scenario.Breast cancer ranks as the fifth cause of death from cancer overall (522,000 deaths) and while it is the most frequent cause of cancer death in women in less developed regions (324,000 deaths, 14.3% of total), it is now the second cause of cancer death in more developed regions (198,000 deaths, 15.4%) after lung cancer [3].The incidence of breast cancer varies markedly from country to country being highest in United States and Northern Europe and lowest in Asia. In developed countries the incidence of breast cancer is more than 1000 per million, whereas in developing countries, it is less than 200 per million women. However, cancer mortality is higher in developing countries than in the developed countries [3]. The mortality rates are less than that for incidence because of the more favorable survival of breast cancer in (high - incidence) developed regions, with rates ranging from 6 per 100,000 in East Asia to 20 per 100,000 in Western Africa [4].In Western Europe also, breast cancer incidence has reached more than 90 new cases per 100,000 women annually, compared with 30 per 100,000 in East Africa. In contrast, breast cancer mortality rates in these Introduction2two regions are almost identical, at about 15 per 100,000, which clearly points to a later diagnosis and much poorer survival in eastern Africa. An urgent need in cancer control today is to develop effective and affordable approaches to the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer among women living in less developed countries [5].In developing countries, patients have limited access to screening, or any effective awareness programs and consequently advanced disease. Thus, the growing incidence of breast cancer worldwide stresses the greater need for a study of its rise and the need for awareness about it in developing nations [6].Within the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), cancer is the fourthranked cause of death, after cardiovascular Diseases, infectious diseases, and injuries, case fatality rates being highest in low resource countries [7]. Approximately 4.4 million women diagnosed with breast cancer in the last five years are still alive, making breast cancer the most prevalent cancer worldwide. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimated that 292,677cases of cancer were newly diagnosed among the female population in EMR during 2012, and176, 139 died of the disease [8].In Iraq, breast cancer is the commonest type of female malignancy, accounting for approximately one - third of the registered female cancers according to the Iraqi Cancer Registry [9].This shows that the breast is the leading cancer site among the Iraqi population in general, surpassing even bronchogenic cancer The latest Iraqi Cancer Registry [10] revealed that among an estimated population size of 32,500,000, a total of 21,101 new cases of cancer were registered in 2012 about 9,268 were in men and Introduction (11, 833) were women [11]. The crude incidence of all cancers was 61.69 per 100,000 (53.31 in men and 70.59 in women). During that year, 4,115 Cases of breast cancer were reported, accounting for 19.5% of all newly diagnosed malignancies and 34% of the registered female cancers, with an incidence approximating 22 per 100,000 female populations. As proposed by the World Health Organization, early detection and screening, especially when combined with adequate therapy, offer the most immediate hope for a reduction in breast cancer mortality [11].Rationale : It is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among the Iraqi population in general constituting about one third of the registered female cancers and the leading cause of death from malignant neoplasm among women [9]
