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التحليل الجغرافي للنقل البري بالسيارات في محافظة ميسان : دراسة في جغرافية النقل GEOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF LAND TRANSPOR OF VEHICLES IN MISAN GOVERNORATE (A Study in Transport Geography

اسم المؤلف: وجدان فرحان مجيد رشيد اللامي
اسم المشرف: عبد الحمن جري مردان الحويدر سلمان مغامس عبود
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

جيومورفولوجية مروحة دويريج الفيضية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS والاستشعار عن بعد RS Geomorphology Of Diwearege Alluvial Fan By Using Remote Sensing (RS) And Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

اسم المؤلف: علي طالب حمزة الطائي
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الطبيعية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The fans flooded one of spreading shapes that formed as a result of the availability of several factors, including tectonic, climate, topography, hydrology, and represents the fan one of these shapes formed in the southeastern part of Iraq, at the feet of the Iranian hills, and occupied space (1608.74) km2 and are all located inside the Iraqi border and within the province of Maysan, either her pelvis area reached (3582.87)km2 and the Association located within the Iranian border. A stronomicall Diwearege fan located between latitudes (31°40,56 - 32°10.41) north and the to the longitudes (47?18.15 - 47?51.39) east. The study aims to find out the main geomorphological and hydrological characteristics in the fan alluvial configurations, as well as to detect and track the inception stages of formation and evolution, through the study of their properties spreading, in addition to studying the water basin, which represents the main source of deposits. The use of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) in the interpretation and analysis of visual and satellite digital elevation model (DEM). To get maps and geological structures of sin and maps of the surface, including the slope and direction and morphometric maps of water basins and land cover classification. And that helped to draw a geomorphological map of the fan. Through the relationship between the factors and processes geomorphological problem of the appearance of the ground and geomorphological units associated with them.The study found that the tectonic factor in the role originated fan where study area is located between two unstable tectonic. As well as the role of climate change in the growth and development of the fan, where grown and developed fan on the basis of four stages was during the era of Albulallostosen, as well as the worker hydrological and goal Basin propeller role in the growth and development of the fan through what moves them from the sediment through the rain periods, as well as the role of the worker hydrological in the evolution of the fan through the course of the river has changed and thus increase the fan area and change the geometry of her, as well as its role in increasing the thickness of the fan through the distribution of secondary points deposition on the surface of the fan, especially in parts of the lower ones.It turns out that the geomorphological processes active role on the roof of the fan and a private water erosion, as characterized by three types of erosion are Sheet and Rill and Gullies and this is due to the floods that have hit the fan.The study found that there are four varieties of shapes geomorphological on the surface of the fan, and that most of these forms the rule is problematic with watery origin precipitation, but the problem with the water origin erosion.It was found by classifying land cover fan Diwearege that there are six categories, namely, (barren land, covers are salinizaion, water cover, vegetation, bogs, agricultural land). An evaluation of the fan in accordance with the appropriate and reactivity ground it includes four varieties of appropriate as well as four levels of the earth's susceptibility which is almost identical with Aedha and that most of these categories are valid to agricultural investment and found during the study that the fan is exposed to various degrees of environmental risk, especially floods which are exposed in wet seasons.Especially the lower parts of the fan.Show that can be harvested sources on the surface of Ruha to control floods and to take advantage of this water in agriculture and various purposes. The study conclusions and recommendations and a list of sources and Savior in English concluded.

التلوث البصري في مدينة كربلاء المقدسة : دراسة جغرافية Visual Pollution In The Holy City Of Karbala : A Geographical Study

اسم المؤلف: ايلاف علي مرزوك الموسوي
اسم المشرف: شكري ابراهيم الحسن
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية البيئية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study attempts to survey the attitudes of the people in Karbala city and their viewpoints concerning visual pollution. The study also aims at investigating the aspects of visual pollution in the city and to measure how people look at this problem, its size and danger. The study provides information that can be useful in the assessment of the problem. The procedure is to distribute 1300 questionnaires to a random sample of the population in the study are during 2016. Another 100 questionnaires have been distributed to a specialized group from the college of engineering in order to compare the different attitudes. Another 200 questionnaires were distributed to the tourists. The results indicate the majority of the informants were reluctant about this problem; they think it causes disturbance and find that the picture of the city became distorted and not pretty and this may affect their health, beside the deterioration of the urban environment..Hough the inhabitants criticize the government's negligence of the city and the rapetisement of the municipality work; they also decide that the ignorance and indifference on the part of the people and the lack of environment awareness are among the prominent reasons of the problem. Enforcing the laws and regulations and activating the imposition of fines on those who cause visual pollution might be the best way to face this problem.

تلوث الترب في قضاء الرميثة وتاثيرها على الانتاج الزراعي : دراسة في جغرافية التربة The Pollution Of Soils In Rumaitha City And Its Effect On The Agricultural Production : A Study In Soil Geography

اسم المؤلف: افراح هاشم فرحان كاطع المرشدي
اسم المشرف: نجم عبد الله رحيم
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aims at assessing the pollution type in the soil of the banks and Basins in Rumaitha city and its effect on the agricultural production. It is divided into three chapters : chapter One is devoted to investigate the natural Factors which are represented by (the location of the sample area, its geological and surface structure, climate properties, water resources, and natural plants) and humanistic Factors which are represented by (tilling and adjustment, irrigation, drainage and fertilization of the soil and the agricultural system). Chapter Two is concerned with the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the sample area while chapter Three investigated the Geographical distribution of soil pollution in the city of Rumaitha in which it discusses the definitions of pollution, its causes and effects on the agricultural areas. Some samples of soil and water were gathered during the period of the study (2015 - 2016). The study has concluded the following : Chapter OneThe results of the analysis of the banks and basins soils structures has shown contrastive mixtures of mud, mud - silt, and mud - silt - mud. Also the Virtual and real density of the soil is variant in the banks and basins. Moreover, the value of the organic material and soil reaction, and the average of the positive and negative ions, are variant too. Chapter Two The study shows that the geographical and humanistic factors have huge effects on some of the physical and chemical properties of the soil of Al - Rumaitha city and its relation to the agricultural production. Throughout the geological structure, surface equability, climate properties, paucity and scatter of natural plants, the quality of irrigation water, and water and salinity grade, several aspects of soil construction were identified which are reflected on the real structure and density of the soil. Moreover, it contains organic materials, salinity, and Positive and negative ions which are intensive in the soil of the basins rather than the banks of the river. The human has a big negative influence on these properties because of his wrong agricultural methods which are represented by tilling the soil, excessive irrigation especially in the unsuitable periods of irrigation, following the traditional methods in irrigation, the Scarcity of broaches, the wrong use of Chemical and organic fertilizers pesticides. All of these factors helped in the process of soil pollution and the intensity of salinity and heavy materials.Chapter ThreeThis chapter is concerned with salinity and osmotic pressure and mutual sodium and positive ions such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium, and negative ions like chlorine, sulfates, and bicarbonates as well as their importance to the plants. The role of the heavy factors to the developing plants appears during the germination, branching, flowering, and maturity stages and on the agricultural production as a whole. Although there are some factors of pollution, the soils of Al - Majid and AL - Najmi townships were the best in producing the various agricultural crops. While there is a decrease in production of Al - Hilal township especially on the banks of the river because they receive a lot of water pollution. It was also concluded that the soils of the banks are higher and better in their productive capability than the drains which are highly effected by the salinity and the intensity of heavy materials in addition to the bad management of the soil. The results of the analysis have shown that the city is copious with the various types of agricultural corps like grain, and vegetables. Sesame plant is the prominent in planting and production because of the suitable soil, and its capability to endure salinity which is scattered in farmlands.

التواءات مجرى شط العرب : دراسة جغرافية Meanders of River Shatt Al - Arab A Study Geography

اسم المؤلف: سالم جاسم سلمان الجميلي
اسم المشرف: رحيم حميد عبد ثامر العبدان
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية البيئية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Rivers meandering is a common feature of rivers , Which take place above the surface of the earth, and vary the intensity of those aliases from one river to another and from place to place depending on the severity of the impact of factors and processes affected by, And the development of these meandering, from the simple bend to twisting and then to a bend The study showed that the torsions of the Shatt al - Arab stream are one of the geomorphological problem formed by many factors , Tectonic, topographic, climatic and hydrological factors are one of the many aspects of the study area , The work of the river consists of three processes (sculpture, erosion and sedimentation) The morphological, morphological, and hydrothermal erosion processes in the study area contributed to this Which resulted in the fluctuation of the amount of annual revenue and monthly discharge and the variation of the speed and direction of the water current and the hydraulic pressure on the banks in the formation (Eleven meanders) Starting from Qurna north to end in FAO and at the mouth of the river in the northern part of the Arabian Gulf, a distance of (190 km), which runs between two showrooms (29,45000 - 310000) The objective of the study is to identify the factors affecting the development and development of the Shatt al - Arab stream and the determination of the geomorphological processes contributing to the formation of the river'smeandering And analysis of morphometric characteristics and to identify the natural and human potential and to determine the risks and use of the study, laboratories of the Faculty of Marine Sciences and Agriculture , As well as the laboratory of the company (B.p) as well as the laboratory of water injection company of the Ministry of Oil Recent programs have been used to address the study, such as the use of geographic information technology (GIS) on maps and satellite imagery , The study also relied on the data of the topographic survey of the depths of the Shatt al - Arab stream and were converted into explanatory and analytical forms. The study shows that tectonic, topographic, soil and hydrological factors The two main processes are water, river, and morphotonic erosion The study showed that there is a variation of the morphometric characteristics of the torsions, and by the classification of the true and perfect lengths of the torsions, according to the length of the course, the zigzag ratios, their symmetry values, their ranges, the trends of their tops, their longitudinal and transverse sections, Rates for the depths of the Qurna up Aliasing or om Alrusas. The study found that the most complex sections of the terrain and the deepest points. It was possible to classify the meandering that passes through the stage of youth and others mature in the geomorphological cycle as the study showed . The most severe erosion of the Shatt al - Arab stream is in the area of Kut Akkab . The study showed that the mostimportant potential offered by rivers meandering is tourism potential. The most negative effect is river meandering , Is the geomorphological change of the river. The stream is still moving towards Iraqi territory and adding its entrances to large areas to the Islamic Republic of Iran . The human factors have a secondary role that is not fundamental to the training process. The study concludes with the conclusions, the list of sources and the summary in English.

التحليل المكاني لمنظومة النقل الحضري بالسيارات في مدينة الزبير : دراسة في جغرافية المدن Spatial Analysis of Urban Transportation system by cars in the city of Zubair A Study of urbanity Geography

اسم المؤلف: دلال عبد الرزاق شنته
اسم المشرف: عادل عبد الامير عبود
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: جغرافية المدن
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تزداد اهمية النقل مع تزايد النمو السكاني والعمراني في العالم وتعدد فعاليات استعمالات الارض فلنقل دور حيوي وفعال في عملية الانماء الاقتصادي فهو المسؤول عن تدوير الحياة في المدينة في كافة انشطتها وفعالياتها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية , اذ ان خدمات النقل هي اساس التقدم في كافة الدول فكثير ما يعرف النقل على انه الاداة التي تعكس تطور وتقدم الشعوب . ومع تزايد هذه الاهمية تزداد المشكلات البيئية الناتجة عنها في المدن الكبرى والمتوسطة اذ يصبح النقل غير قادر على تحقيق مستوى عال من الخدمة لمختلف مناطق المدينة . تسبب التزايد السكاني في حدوث تدخل ما بين الوظائف وتعدد الحركة فيها وتزايد اسبابها لذا فان هذا البحث يهدف الى تسليط الضوء على مشكلة النقل غير المتوازن في المدينة من خلال دراسة التغيرات السكانية واستعمالات الارض الحضرية عبر مراحل مورفولوجية متعددة وصولا الى الوقت الحالي من اجل تحديد اتجاهات التوسع المستقبلي لشبكة الشوارع وحركة النقل داخل المدينة. تقع مدينة الزبير في الجزء الغربي من محافظة البصرة تعد المركز الادراي لقضاء الزبير وقد اكتسب موقعها اهمية استراتيجية كبيرة كونه يمثل حلقة وصل بين الهضبة الغربية والسهل الرسوبي . تبلغ مساحتها (4390) هكتار مقسمة الى (8) قطاعات و(23) حي سكني , وقد بلغ عدد سكانها (382384) نسمة لعام 2015. مرت المدينة بعدة مراحل تطور على اساسها النقل فخلال المرحلة الاولى لم يكن هناك استخدام للسيارة وانما كان الاعتماد على القوارب خلال فصل الشتاء فضلا عن الجمال التي كانت تستخدم في عملية التنقل كون المنطقة صحراوية , واستمر الاعتماد على هذه الوسائط حتى عام 1921م عندما تم استخدام السيارة الامر الذي تطلب انشاء شبكة شوارع وطرق اكثر استقامة كون النقل يمثل احد اهم عناصر التصميم الهيكلي للمدينة وله اهمية كبيرة ليشكل نسبة من الارض . ومع اتساع مساحة المدينة على اثر زيادة اعداد السكان نتيجة للهجرة نحو المدينة وظهور احياء سكنية جديدة امتلكت المدينة نمطا جديدا للشوارع مخصصا للنقل خاصة في الجزء الشرقي والجنوبي الشرقي منها , كما تم ربط المدينة بشبكة من الطرق المعبدة الى حقول النفط . وعندما تم وضع التصميم الاساس للمدينة تم وضع خطة لتطور النقل وتوسيع الشوارع والطرق الداخلية والخارجية , كما تم توسيع الشواع داخل الاحياء , حتى بلغت المساحة المخصصة للنقل (72) هكتارا من مجموع مساحة المدينة للمدة من (1965 - 1987) م . اما مدة التسعينات فقد شهدت احداث تاريخية هامة على مستوى البلد بشكل عام والمدينة بشكل خاص اذ توقفت جميع مشاريع التنمية الاقتصادية والخدمية التي وضعت مسبقا ولاسيما الخاصة بالنقل لذا لم يطرا على المدينة اي تغيير او تحوير في شوارعها واخذت تعاني من الاهمال والمشاكل المتراكمة . وبعد عام 2003 وعلى اثر تغير الاوضاع السياسية والاقتصادية فقد شهد البلد انفتاح على العالم الخارجي , وزيادة حركة التجارة لمختلف البضائع لاسيما السيارات الامر الذي انعكس على تزايد عدد المقتنين للسيارة مما تسبب في حدوث مشاكل منها تزايد كثافة حركة المرور على الشوارع على الرغم من اجراء اصلاحات وتطويرات الا ان شبكة الشوارع اخذت تعاني من الكثير من المشاكل مع تزايد اعداد السيارات . بنيت الرسالة في دراسة واقع حركة النقل الحضري في مدينة الزبير على خمسة فصول فضلا عن الاستنتاجات والتوصيات فقد تناول الفصل الاول دراسة كافة عناصر المنظومة ابتداء من مراحل تطور شبكة النقل في المدينة ووصولها الى الوقت الحالي , كما تم التطرق الى دراسة العناصر المؤثرة على هذه المنظومة داخل منطقة الدراسة اذ خرجت الدراسة بنتائج توضح مدى العلاقة ما بين شبكة الطرق والعوامل المؤثرة عليها سواء كانت طبيعية ام بشرية . اما الفصل الثاني فقد تناول التحليل المكاني لواقع استعمالات الارض في المدينة وتم من خلاله التعرف على اصناف الشوارع وانماطها والمساحات المخصصة لاغراض النقل ومستلزمات النقل ومدى كفاءتها الوظيفية .فيمراكز الفصل الثالث على دراسة واقع الحركة المرورية باعتماد المسوحات الميدانية للمناطق المرورية الممثلة باحياء المدينة السكنية الحالية التي تعد العامل المولد للرحلات من خلال التعرف على انواع واعداد الرحلات والغرض منها . فيما كرس الفصل الرابع لتحليل واقع حركة النقل في شوارع وتقاطعات المدينة اذ تعد التقاطعات من اكثر المناطق ازدحاما مروريا لمعرفة مدى حركية عناصر منظومة النقل الحضري في المدينة .فمن خلال دراسة حجم الحركة المرورية في ضوء التحليل الكمي لشوارع وتقاطعات المدينة تبين ان تقاطع جامع الرسول يعد من اكثف القاطعات اذ بلغ حجم المرور للمركبات فيه (6341) مركبة قياسية / الساعة بمعدل لحجم المرور بلغ (2,1) مايدل على انسياب مضطرب وسرعات قليلة تقترب من الصفر , كما تم التعرف على انماط النقل داخل المدينة والمتمثل بالنقل العام والخاص فقد تبين ان كفاءة خدمات النقل العام (الداخلي) مرتفعة قياسا بعدد المقاعد المشغولة والتي بلغت (2,7) راكب / المقعد بينما كفاءة التشغيل بلغت (202%) . في حين ركز الفصل الخامس على دراسة التوجهات المستقبلية لدور النقل الحضري في التوسع العمراني للمدينة حتى عام 2035م من خلال التنبؤ بنمو السكان والتنبؤ في اعداد السيارات وواقع الحركة المرورية باعتماد معدل نمو السكان وبعض المؤثرات التخطيطية الجغرافية فضلا عن الكشف عن تاثير النقل في اتجاهات نمو المدينة وتوسعها المستقبلي . وقد تبين ان النقل الحضري له دور مهم في البنية العمرانية التخطيطية للمدينة وفي تحديد مسار توسع المدينة المستقبلي. واخيرا انتهت الدراسة بوضع مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات التي جاءت منسجمة مع اهداف البحث وفرضياته من اهمها ان هناك علاقة مابين شبكة الشوارع داخل المدينة ومابين العوامل ( الطبيعية والبشرية ) مما اكد ان للعامل الطبيعي اثر في حركة النقل داخل المدينة خاصة طبوغرافية الارض والتي لها الدور الاكبر في تسهيل حركة النقل اذ ان الارض ضمن منطقة الدراسة تتميز بالانبساط ولا يوجد تباين سطحي فيها. كما ان نمو السكان يساهم في اتساع مساحة المدينة الامر الذي يترتب عليه بناء شبكات نقل لتسهيل عملية الربط بين اجزاء المدينة مع بعضها. وتوصلت الدراسة الى ان المساحة المخصصة للنقل بلغت (327,7) هكتار من مجموع مساحة المدينة لعام 2015م. فيما استحوذ النمط العضوي على الاحياء القديمة من المدينة بينما تركز النمط الدائري والشعاعي ضمن الاحياء الحديثة . كثرة وجود التقاطعات ضمن منطقة الدراسة مع عدم وجود صيانة دورية لها فمزاال الكثير منها يعاني من الاهمال . كما خرجت الرسالة في مجموعة من التوصيات والتي من اهمها 1 - العمل على تحسين كفاءة الشوارع بما يتناسب والزيادة المستمرة في اعداد السيارات من خلال اجراء صيانة دورية للشوارع . 2 - العمل على تنفيذ المشاريع المقترحة للمدينة منها المتعلقة بانشاء الشوارع والجسور فوق التقاطعات . 3 - كما اوصت الدراسة بتزويد الشوارع بما تحتاج من اشارات مرورية واشارات تحذيرية كذلك اشارات ضوئية .4 - العمل على انشاء شوارع خدمية مرادفة للشوارع الرئيسة في المدينة يمكن ان تستخدم لاغراض التوقف المؤقت. واخيرا تعد هذه الرسالة محاولة للوقوف على كافة المعوقات في مجال النقل البري ليتسنى تجاوزها وتطويرها من خلال الاستخدام العلمي والنظري والوصول الى انسب الحلول وتقديمها الى الجهات ذات العلاقة بالموضوع من اجل النهوض بهذا القطاع الذي يمثل الشريان الاقتصادي الحيوي للمدينة | Urban transportation is are of the basic functions within the infrastructure framework of the towns and cities because of its vital role in developing land use and the different economic ,social and cultural activities . Transportation as a service in side towns and cities become s more important with the increase of the urban and population growth as transportation is the basis of progress in modern states . most of the times ,transportation is defined as the tool that reflect development and advancement of people . transportation is especially important because of the environmental problems resulting from it in towns and cities . However, because of increase of these problems , transportation is no longer so capable to provide a high level of service in all parts of the cities . The For , the aim of this study is to highlight the problem of the unstable transformation in the city by investigating the population changes and urban land use throughout the several morphological phases up to now so as to determine the directions of the future expansion of rode net and the transformation process inside the city . Zubair lies in the western part of Bassrah governorate and it is the administrative centre of the district of the city of Zubair. lt has an important strategic location because it links the western upland with the alluvial plane . lt covers an area of 4390 hectares and is divided in to 8 sectors and 23 quarters with population of 382384 in 2015 . the city had come across different stages throughout which transpiration developed During the first phase , there were no cars and instead boats were used during winter . camels were also used because the area was a desert . That was the case till 1921 when cars were used later , there was a need for more straight streets and roads because this was an important prerequisite in the hierarchial design of any city . This was also important because it occupied a proportion of the land . Because of the expansion in the area and the growth in population resulting from immigration to the city and building new residence quarters , the city had a new pattern for the streets especially in the eastern and southeastern parts . Also , the city was connected by a net of pared roads to the oil fields . ln the new main design of the city , a plan was also set for developing transportation and expanding external and internal roads and streets . streets were also widened and thus the area specified for transportation became 72 hectares out of the whole area of this city in 1965 - 1987 . During 1990, important historical events happened in the country in general and in the city in particular . All projects of economic and service development that were put before especially for transportation and communication stopped . thus , no change or improve ment was seen in the streets of the city and carelessness was noted there . After the political and economic change in 2003 , the country ( including Zubair) was opened to the world and more different goods ( especially automobiles ) Were imported and entered the city .As A result of all this , traffic was crowded in the streets in spite of some development . the net of streets , in general suffered of many problems with the increase of cars . This thesis is a study of the situation of urban transportation in Zubair and it consists of five chapters in addition to the conclusions and recommendations. Chapter one studies the elements of the system of transportation and discusses the phases of development it has witnessed in the city up to now . .The factors that affect this system within the area study were also studied . The study come out with some conclusions that clarified the relationship of the road net to the natural and human factors that affect it Chapter two is a spatial analysis of transportation and traffic in the city . lt investigates the types and patterns of streets and the areas specified for transportation and how much they are nationally adequate and qualified . Chapter three studies the traffic movement depending on the field surveys of the traffic regions in the present populated alleys of the city . This movement is considered the factor that creats trips through knowing about the types ,number and purposes of these trips . Chapter four is devoted to analyze transportation in streets and crossroads of the town because the crossroads are the most crowded so as to know the range of movement of the elements of the system of urban transportation in the city . By studying the volume of the traffic movement in view of the qualitative analysis of the streets and crossroads in the city , it was shown that movement in Al - Rasool mosque crossroad was the most extensive me . Volume of traffic in this crossroad was 6341 vehicle / hour with traffic average of 2,1 which meant speed which was close to zero . patterns of public and private transportation were also highlighted . lt was shown that efficiency of the service of ( internal ) public transportation was high (2,7 passenger / seat ) in light of the humber of the occupied seats while the operating effiency was % 202 . Chapter five studies the assessment of urban transportation system and its future trends within the construction expansion in the city till 2035 by predicting the growth 0f population , humber of cars and the traffic movement by noticing the population growth and some geographical graphic criteria and indexes in addition to the effect of transportation on the graphic construction of the future expansion. lt is shown that urban Transportation has an important role in the construction planning of the city expansion in the future . The study ends with some conclusions and recommendations that mathch the aim and hypothesis of the study. The most important recommendations are: There was relation between the net of streets and the factors of human and nature in the city .The physical nature inside the city, especially the land topography, affected transportation and it had a great role in this concern. The land under study was characterized by being stretched with no surface variance. Besides growth of population led to enlarging the area of the city and thus there was a need to build new transportation nets to connect the parts of the city with each other . the study found out that the area specified for transportation was 327,7 hectares out of the area of the whole city in 2015. The organic pattern was dominant in the old quarters of the city whereas the circular and radiant pattern was prevailing in the modern ones. There were many intersections within the area under study with no any periodical maintenance and an apparent neglect .The study came out with some recommendations, the most important of them are : 1 - periodical maintenance of the streets particularly of cracking and lowliness . 2 - carrying out the projects suggested for the city especially those related to building streets and bridges over the intersections .3 - Providing the roads and the streets with the traffic lights and light signals needed .4 - constructing subordinate ( service ) roads with the main ones in the city to use them as parks .5 - Building more petroleum stations that should be distributed equally in the different places in the city and not only in the center .The study is an attempt to check out all the obstacles in land transportation to develop this type of transportation theoretically and practically and to arrive at the most suitable solutions and present them to those concerned to raise the standard of this sector that is very vital and crucial to the economy of the city .