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الدولـة السعديــة فـي عهــد الخليفـــة احمـد المنصور الذهبي (986 - 1012هـ / 1578 - 1603م) == Al Saadyh Country In Era Of Golden Al - Mansur ( 986 - 1012AH /1578 - 1603AD )

اسم المؤلف: ايناس كاظم حسين الموسوي
اسم المشرف: كاظم عبد نتيش الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Study deals the Subject of Alsaadyh Country in era of golden Almansur Alcording to alarge importance Which Farest Almagrab imter - ested in. In the era of educational , economical and political This Stud con cerns in appear of developments which took place by Al - mansur of Alsaadyh country This study devided in to four chapters in addition to the in troduction and Conclusion. The chaper one means historical Idea about Al - saadyh Country before Al - mansur and identify the state of Al - saadyh since it,s beginning till the coming of Almansour in order to enable the reader to have know ledye about this state. Chapter two deals with the personal life of Almansour and his ability to finish inner Conflicts against him and also with the organiz - utions of the state such as adminsration and political organizion and explains the importanle of such charying in his state. chapter Three deals with the foreign offuirs of Al sadyah states It explains the policy of Almunsour towards the political powers in his time and the reslt of such relation about his state , It also explains the aclmin strution of Almunsour to this relation ships which are built on the basis of economical benefits. Chapter Four deals with socenomical , educational and building conditions of this state ,It explains the nature of the society in Almunsour,s era and how the economical conditions in his time , It also explains the ability of AlMansour to support the economy in different sides , It Clarifies the development of education and sciences in his Ftateand the role of books and libraries in this development. In the building suchas AlBadea palace , This study shows that AlMansour plays an important role in the changes in his state in all its sides and also shows how AlMansour study againpt Ottoman state which sees it secf the ruler of Muslims but AlMansour sees that he has due to rule the Muslims.
الملخص:
المصادر:

التاريخ السياسي للدولة الاموية من خلال كتاب الفتوح لابن اعثم الكوفي : دراسة تاريخية == The Political History Of Umayyad State Through Kitab Al - Fotouh By Ibn Athim Al - Kufi History Study

اسم المؤلف: علي عبد الله مفتن الركابي
اسم المشرف: فاضل كاظم صادق العبادي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Acquired the book Fotouh Ibn Asaem Kufi a wide area in the historical studies of this book is of great importance in the transfer news on the one hand and analysis on the other hand , to be historical article of compared to what was brought by other historians , his contemporaries and even his predecessors , or they came after him. In addition , the book Fotouh DAI great prestige to the diversity of historical its information and shedding light on some of the corners that overlooked other , which represents an important episode of Islamic history at the time one of the most periods of the sensitivity of a period of Umayyad rule that had occupied and still occupy historical thought because of the variables large and turns on the political and economic levels , in addition to being representing the height of the conflict between the ends of the political equation , which was born after the death of the prophet and still growing to this day , Valomoin did not distract them during the period of their rule only fend off the upper danger of Bahl hose and sometimes Batballm at other times , and even though this risk does not rise to the level of the Umayyad apprehensive , but they were always put him among the political priorities.This study was to trace the history of political Umayyad through this important book , an attempt to bridge the gaps in the rest of the contemporary sources on the hand and on the other hand to create a more idea of the one universality of the history of the Umayyad through this workbook that DAI interest all Islamic sects for the objectivity and balance rarely find them when another historian of historians of the fourth century AH Although some are trying to classify Ibn Aasem within the shia historians , but this author is still appreciated in historical circles that from the historical article a good not within the broad spectrum of historians in different affiliations. The importance of this study is also being addressed at length and most of the issues faced by the Umayyad to from a comprehensive view of this period through to tracking analytical approach based on the a comparative approach.Characterized approach of this kind of privacy in response to events , where not only did the Ibn of Aasem pass on novels and either stop at each novel and try as much as possible to make it plain meaning before leaving for a second novel.Despite the extreme disparity between the date of Tabari and history of Ibn Aasem Kufi at the target and the nature of historical writing style , the adoption of Ibn Aasem to tell Dab Mkhanv a large extent in the news the movement of Imam Hussein and the movement of those repent and movement chosen near the notch between them , and that did not obscure the big differences referred to them also. Ibn Aasem historian does not mean the novel but cites historical narrative news normatively market , and tends to revenue verses and texts of speeches and wills in abundance , and all this gave the book a vital private. Even as the Ibn Aasem singled distinctive material from Imam Hussein , the movement is almost the best of his contemporaries wrote about among historians , it was divided in to themes minutes earned recipe analytical distinctive. As the book Fotouh is one of the most important sources for the chosen Obaid bin obead Althagafi revolution , it sheds light on the controversial issue so much , is the nature of the relationship between Abdullan bin Zubair and Mukhtar bin Abi Obead Althagafi. It should be noted the book Fotouh does not include any reference albeit small for (wooden) and (Alkisanih) as well as the (Holy) , these things that are characteristics of the revolution of the chosen , and perhaps the realbn for this omission is the result of his feelings towards the Alawites , which led him to overlook the far side of this revolution , Ibn Aasem appears in this book strongly inclined flyover when mention of the Alawites
الملخص:
المصادر:

شارل الكسندر دي كالون (1734 - 1802) ودوره الاصلاحي في فرنسا == Charles Alexander De Callonne (1734 - 1802) And Its Role In The Reformist Of France

اسم المؤلف: سعاد عبد الحسين لفلوف الشويلي
اسم المشرف: نعيم كريم عجيمي الشويلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Preoccupied study historical figures prominent place in Iraqi universities, those personalities that led roles in various political , economic and social aspects , which occupied a lot of space and a large area in the European modern history, flying that the person is a historic event maker , and understand the circumstances and the nature of his personality and intellectual principles that safe it is very important to understand the historical events that contributed to the manufacture , as well as to the kind of studies which attracted the attention of many researchers and academics are not limited to CV only to these characters but also dealt with historical events and political developments that took part , and it came to exceed the often to study the developments and situations in which the consequent impact on the personal subject of the study. We saw modern French history like other countries of the world new characters emergence of research and investigation and study , and historical study of European dealt with a large number of those personalities that have important roles in the history of France, but those studies have neglected the other characters did not shed light on them , equivalent to the role played by , which do not think by negligence but for the large number of French personalities and this play and his modern French history from being a generator wonderful, and wider events and the complexity and inventor endlessly for such characters, regardless of affiliation intellectual, principles and achievements, and despite the fact that this type of study is beset with many difficulties and it is due to the divergence of views on this personal and others because of personal interest or differences in opinions and ideas, but we have tried to exercise caution and objectivity for fear of slipping in the bias and favoritism, and in light of our understanding of the specificity of this approach we have chosen the subject of the letter came which (Charles Alexander de Callon and its role reformist in France 1734 - 1802). The selection of the 1734 start of the study because it is the year he was born Callon, while the study stopped at 1802 as a year in which Kallon, who died, and thus draw a clear picture of all the qualities and actions and movements and positions Callon from his birth until his death. Researcher chronology adopted in the events listed , but it was forced to return for a previous time in the first Chapter in the first and second topics, in addition resorted to reliance on a topic thread and attention by the controls required by the need in the course of research. Required by the nature of the study, divided into four chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and a set of appendices and a list of sources. The first chapter entitled (Callon upbringing and his enemies), has been divided into two topics, devoted the first topic of them to study (upbringing and his enemies 1734 - 1766), as it has in this section refer to his life since birth, education, social composition, and has the reference in this section to 1766 for it Callon focus of attention of all the great and effective role in resolving the issue of Brittany has become, while interested in the second topic study (Callon administration for the cities of Metz and Lille), since this topic shaped the great role played by Callon and administrative reforms to these two cities after they were suffering from neglect, though of great importance that it was enjoyed by the cities of Metz and Lille. The second chapter (of finance ministers policy from 1774 to 1781 before assuming Callon Ministry of Finance), which was divided into two sections, the first topic (Ministry of Turku 1774 - 1776), it has a reference to the financial and economic situation prior to the receipt of Turku for the post of Inspector General, and then touched to the Ministry of reforms Turku and place appropriate solutions to solve the financial crisis, while taking the second section (Ministry of Jacques Necker 1776 - 1781) , as indicated in this section for the economic reforms of Necker in France when he took office in the General Inspectorate of Finance for the first time. And display the third chapter (economic policy of the Inspector General Callon 1783 - 1786), has studied the events of the period mentioned in three topics, we discussed in the first (of appointment to the post of the General Inspectorate in 1783) after it became vacant after Necker, as has been selected Callon in the post of Inspector General finance in 1783 and then winning promoted to finance minister, that office who has not obtained his degree only Callon and that the qualifications he enjoyed, while the second topic came to highlights program Callon economic reform in 1784 - 1787 and how to develop reform plans in the economy and the money and find solutions to the advancement and sophistication of financial status of France as his plans included all areas, while the third topic focused on trade treaty between Britain and France in 1786 due to the importance of the treaty and its impact on France. The fourth chapter was titled (Callon and inviting classes) Council, has been divided into two sections, separated first topic Council layers and configured, and the role of Callon in the invite that Council meetings attended to discuss the reforms presented by Kallon that the Council in which the benefit and the benefit of France and discuss outstanding issues not yet been implemented, and the reason for the finding opponents Callon and because of them hatched plots against him which led to his dismissal and exile, while Browse second section (migration Callon to England) that immigration that helped Callon to participate against the French Revolution and the role played by Callon in the fight counter - revolution against the French Revolution and its support for the princes of the royalists and the provision of financial and diplomatic aid to the warlords, as well as the status of plans to stand against the French revolutionaries, and after the Chapter concluded the last phase of his life at his bedside and his death in 1802. The study relied on many sources that formed a key in the formation of the thesis and show it as such, it comes in the forefront of unpublished documents, including the reform program submitted to the layered Council gathering in 1787, and the Treaty concluded between France and the UK trade in 1786, as well as the memorandum submitted by the Turku on The local government in 1775
الملخص:
المصادر:

الضرائب في العراق في العصور العباسية المتاخرة (247 - 656هـ / 861 - 1258م) == Taxes In Iraq At Late Abbasid Ages (861 - 1258 A.D./ 247 - 656 A.H.)

اسم المؤلف: سارة محمد حنون التميمي
اسم المشرف: محسن راشد طريم الغزي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: As asubject, tax is considered one of the most important economic subjects in the Islamic period because it represents the most important in the economic fields, since it represents one of the important resources to finance the state treasury. Abbasid caliphate gave agreat attention to the tax because it represents artery of economy in this period, and this required Abbasid caliphate to follow up it and take care of it by recruiting efficient staff in muslims bank. The all the money. which takes from the Tak and establish bureaucracy to manage The financed affairs. It may say the Take which it the money that paid by the person without getting any advantage. And it considers as imposition, and the city takes It by obligation without return finally, to increase general expense and to achieve aims of the city. And the city impose the Take legelly in return of sevices which it present. The Cause of my choosing this subject, to acquaint the importance Tak which it imposes by Alkilafa Al eabbasia. On the all citizens. And the impact of the political situation, The importance of Takes to the countries of the Arab - Islamic. At all times. As it is the main tributary of the state budget. The economic studies in Islamic periods. The researchers did not address the same abounding and important which it is political studies. To Atheraa Islamic Library, with books dedicated to we need it Especially the books of Islamic economics, because the economic history of Islam still, needs a lot of economic studies in depth. The duration of the study from (247 - 656 A.H.l861 - 1258 A.D.) witnessed impressive. By crises experienced by the Abbasia state and occupation of forign successive - our choice was for operiod of Abbasia eras the latter. To shed Aldoa on the economic side, as well as knowledge Takes. These reasons and others were optional of Take subject in Iraq in Abbasi age. The nature of the study is to be divided into four chapters divided into poins preceded by an introduction and Albharing and Qaamh sources and References. Chapter - one (Legitimacy Takes) : which included the most important resources of money. Ahouse resources abscess showed types and qutas and time Astafanah. Tribute imposed on jews and christions, and different types and amounts of jurists. Then Aslamic took from in fidels wiuthout fighting and it showed the beginnings imposed upon muslims. Then, booty taken by the muslims from the infidels without afight. Alzakat it directed by the individual money to poor and needy and it showed it is importance in the Quraan and the sunnah and the different kinds and their amounts. Then, Turning to tak tithing it imposed on the commercial and customs fees. Finally, pedestals and it found under the ground and different the opinion in it is kind. In chapter two : Tak novel which first excise it is imposed by the city on the merchandise offered in the market. The pipes which imposed on the goods while it enters River ports, Then dribe mooel. It is amoney, it has no heir, aspecially wrabh, or fuck. Then export tak levied by the state against Alkhalafaa and Alammeraa to return money. Sporadic taxes it imposed on pasture and shops and exploited which added to money house. Chapter three : Financial functions which was the first, the owner of the store which represent money house, Then it deels fixed function which include Beholder and the supervisoy and the completed naab and nidwan, writer and treasurer, and the witnees and the worker and duplicator and naab and Aljhbz. It mention tax workers, from them abscess workers and publican and direct those funds semicircular and direct phones. So in this chapter deels with most important financial bureaucracy, Diwan house money, Abscess expenses reins leg acies insect property provinces any Diwan and parts and all employees Who occupy all the Diwan. Chapter four Review the impact of political conditions in Iraq to collect. Which included opposition movements. And their impact on preventing Aldharaab movement and the first of nine Zinj, And how it has been affected by the countryes economy from laura Almaztrb situation. That exerted during the fifteen years, who oppearwd in Kufa. Turning to Bataah and move Imran Ibn Shaheen, It was initially given introduction to Bataah. Andon the impact of the movement on the collection Aldharaab. Then deels with (Tleia) movement, which it was among movements, And brought it influenced the denial of access to financial rwsources to state treasury. After granting them privileges of military. And occupy Almosal city which it famous byBounties economical. Finally, the position of prince of princes who occupy these positions. And how this position to prevent the arrival of Taxes
الملخص:
المصادر:

قوات الاحداث واثرها في الحياة السياسية ببلاد الشام من القرن الرابع الهجري / العاشر الميلادي وحتى القرن السابع الهجري / الثالث عشر الميلادي == Ahdath Forces And Their Impact On Political Life In The Country Of Alshaam From The Fourth Century AH / Tenth Century And Up To The Seventh Century AH / Thirteen Century AD

اسم المؤلف: اماني عبد الرضا ياسين
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسن حنون جبرة الله
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Gaining study of the general political conditions for the Country of AlSHAM during the erea of great importance to the study, due to "geographical important to its location, and Macklh this region of the geopolitical depth of Iraq (the capital of the Abbasid state), Egypt (the capital of the Fatimid state), not to mention the fact that the territory is a border area adjacent to the State of the Byzantine enemy foe of both these two countries, as reflected also important "because it has become Square" of the conflict and expand the influence of these countries on each other's expense.Internally, "has seen the third and fourth century AD / ninth and tenth centuries the emergence of local political forces, has sought full force to create entities with independent or semi - independent of the two Fatimid and Abbasid, and did not care about or care about in the Declaration of allegiance sometimes" the Fatimids and sometimes "other Abasids, and sometimes "declares Tbiatha of the Byzantine State when they feel that there is a risk of running out of existence, Tulunid as the state that Egypt and the Levant and the state ruled Hamdania and Almrdasih Alaqilah and state that ruled Aleppo and most of the northern Levant regions and stomata and capitals, as the Levant saw the matchup" sharply "between those countries and Arab tribes where such big brown dog in Damascus and Aleppo in brown dogs and brown surgeon Taiaan in Palestine, these tribes oscillating in their loyalty and Tbiatha to both the Abbasid and Fatimid two countries, despite tendencies to independence whenever the opportunity.After the emergence of the Seljuks the mid - fifth century AH / atheist century AD as a young and enable them to establish their own state in Persia and Iraq, it is the other looked firmly towards the control of the Levant, and was able to record time to extend its influence on the most important areas of the Levant and depth of the economic and political (Damascus and Aleppo) and the establishment of Seljuks Sham state - by - side state Seljuks rum and its capital (Nicea), has inherited Alotopkyh state, which was founded in the Levant in the first half of the sixth / twelfth century, Ayyubid and the state, which was founded in the Levant and Egypt at the end of the fifth decade of the sixteenth century state property Seljuk in the Levant, despite its declaration of loyalty and subordination of the Seljuk Sultanate of whether in Baghdad or Isfahan.This challenges the political and military implications faced by the political forces in the Levant has spawned, has emerged and appeared for the existence of events forces a popular local strength of youth non - formal response "to the implications and challenges, whether on the political, economic and social level, as a result of the deterioration of the political situation in the light of competition feverish between the major powers at the time (the Fatimid and Abbasid and Byzantine states) on the one hand, internal strife between the princes of the Levant on the other hand, has caused the absence Alastaqraralfody and confusion and loss of internal security and damaged the internal and external trade routes to the deterioration of the living conditions of the population of the Levant, and to the growth of youth events force and Tmzarha appearance of strength competition for those forces, after the purpose of its existence secure atmosphere "safe" for the people of the cities and its neighboring villages, Ooltkon synonymous with "irregular forces in the Levant big cities of Damascus and Aleppo, at least.This study is gaining importance, as it deals with the role of the local force (events) is important in the political life in the Levant and in particular (Damascus and Aleppo), and the extent of their impact in changing the course of maize political events, whether internal or external, with its immense popularity force capable of pressure on the top of the pyramid of powers that ruled the Levant during the era of the study until Khchiha successors of the Abbasid and Fatimid and Ullachma the two, so he went rulers Levantine cities Attoddon and Taatqrbun them to enlist their support and loyalty, or at least neutralized during periods of conflict between these two countries, and won events forces wide fame in the Levant and a variety of colorful formations as a result of sectarian and confessional diversity in these areas, as was the strength of (events) role "important" on the external political and military level, it has exceeded its role establish security and order to contribute to an influential force in the defense of the entity of their own countries in the Levant against external threats represented by the Byzantine invasion and crusader for the country Sham.The study methodology was required divided into chapters and sections, which included the first section of the first chapter : General Levant geographical study ", Damascus and Aleppo private" in terms of location Aljgraca, climate and terrain, installations Urban them. The second topic dealt with the term events language "and idiomatically" in terms of semantics language to pronunciation, idiomatic and definition and structure of these forces and their sources of funding.The second chapter included two sections : first, included the subject of events forces and their impact on political life in Damascus since the emergence of these forces is clearly the mid - fourth century AH / tenth century and even the beginnings of the crusader forces emergence on the political scene in the Levant the year 489 AH, the second topic : included also "the role of these popular forces in Aleppo since the advent of Hamdania state in 333 AH through" Almrdasih state by virtue of the city and then followed Alaqilah state and even Seljuk Jqubh control them and the emergence of the beginnings of the Crusader presence in Muslim lands the year 489 AH.The third chapter included the first part, the role of events forces in political life in Damascus from the year 490 AH and even atrophy and wither and melt such a force controlled by the Ayyubid a sham in the fourth quarter from the sixth century AH / second century AD, as well as ensure the second part, its role in the political life since the year 490 AH and even the rule of the Ayyubid to Aleppo and gradual extinction, "the study also included a conclusion and a list of sources and references research.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الامير عز الدولة بختيار البويهي : دراسة في سيرته 356 - 367هـ/ 966 - 977م == Prince Eiz Al - Dawala Bekheteyar Al - Bowayhi) (Study In His Biography) 367 - A.D. ) 966 - 977 >>>> (A.H. ) 356

اسم المؤلف: حيدر عواد دويج الجابري
اسم المشرف: سلام علي مزعل الجابري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان هذه الدراسة ( الامير عز الدولة بختيار البويهي، دراسة في سيرته 356 - 367هـ/967 - 978م) تتناول حقبة مهمة من حقب التاريخ البويهي في العراق، فالامير عز الدولة بختيار هو ثاني الامراء البويهيين الذي تقلد زمام الامور بعد وفاة والده الامير معز الدولة (334 - 356هـ/94 | The biographical study for Prince Eiz Al - Dawala Bekheteyar Al - Bowayhi (967 - 978) which deal with significant stages of Albowayhi history in Iraq Prince Eiz Al - dawala was the second bowayhi princesses how get leadership after his father death prince Moez Al - Dawala (945 - 967) Prince Eiz Al - dawala in heritage Baghdad state from his father which was under Abaseyon succession and it aimed to get its glorious when the opportunity a rises, also the army of state was divided between Turkish deyalma ,in addition to other states that his father couldn’t control during his rule that he couldn’t reach to any understanding which enable to end the fighting situations asAl - hamdaneyean in Mosel and Al - jazeerah and Al - Shaheenya state in deepsouth ,all these problems was existed during the state of Moez Al - dawala ahmed bin Bewayeh who was well known with political wisdom and good measure which an opposite features for Prince Eiz Al - dawala how was looking for his hobbies and pleasure so his state period was full of hot events and continuous wars which let his relatives to be greed to take his state at the end.The reason of choosing such study can be summarized on that the personality of Prince Eiz Al - dawala and his political period didn’t study as independent study that most studies deal with the history of Bowayhi in Iraq which was so general for all Al - Bowayhi political intellectual and economical period (945 - 1048/447 - 334) This study as other academic studies, the research faced some obstacles which represented by the lackey historical information about the character, Bekheteyar and his historical period particularly the economic sector and other sectors that the most information was concern his father Moez Al - dawala and his cousin Athed Al - dawala , so the effort of the research to collect the articles from books to be summarized at the end in order to give a full picture about this study. The most highlight results of this study that the prince Eiz Al - dawala when get state rule was 25 years old when his father death which mean he was not young but he was qualified to manage the state in other sides, he didn’t have the leadership personality as his father but he was follow his personal issue, hesitant and weak in decision maker in critical situation which lead him to lose his state and his life early. The internal and external political side ,the state during his state was must be when problem and different continuing especially between southerner and northerner regions also his time was full disturbance was family problems and military rebellion that effected the general situation that weak the state in all sectors which was so recognizable thugh service level and social stability
الملخص:
المصادر:

احمد جبريل سيرته ودوره العسكري ونشاطه السياسي في القضية الفلسطينية حتى عام 1982 == Ahmed Jibreel His Biography And Military Role And Politic Ativity In The Palestinian Case Until 1982

اسم المؤلف: فرات عادل لفتة
اسم المشرف: مهند عبد العزيز عطية الشبيب
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Ahmed Jibreel is one of Palestinian characters that played a major role in the Palestinian National Struggle on both the military and the political fields. He is the chief of the Palestinian Liberation front and then the popular front of Liberating Palestine - General Command.The study starts from 1937(which is the year he was born in the village of "Yazure" in Palestine) to1982 (which is the year of the exodus of the Palestinian Liberation Organization from Lebanon after the "Israeli" Invasion of Lebanon and the dispersion of the Palestinian Organizations all around the Arab countries, and so, Jibreel, the leader of the popular front of Liberating Palestine - General Command, decided to leave to Syria to continue his struggle against "Israel", and to stay armed till the liberation of the entire Palestinian lands is a achieved.The study consists of an introduction, four chapters, ending and few addendums. The first chapter dealt with the biography of Ahmed Jibreel and his early political and military activities through the years (1937 - 1967), in three sections, the first one talked about his birth, primary school. Circumstances in which he grew and it's effect on his military tendency, joining the military academy in Egypt in 1957, and his attempt to join the Algerian revolution. As for the second section, it covered the early political activity of Ahmed Jibreel and his role in forming the Palestinian Liberation Front in 1959 in order to return to Palestine without the need to depend on the Arab armies. This section also took the matter of the secret activities of the front befor annoucing the armed struggle. The section ended with Jibreel's stance from forming the Palestinian Liberation organization's in1964. The Third section dealt with Jibreel's attempt to arrange his work with Fatah movement but that only lasted for six months. Because the disagreements between the two organizations.Chapter two studied the role of Ahmed Jibreel in the Palestinian National Struggle during (1967 - 1973), it included three sections, section one talked about the participation of Ahmed Jibreel in the war of June in 1967 in the Syrian front, where the cells of Palestine Liberation Front existed.The sections also studied the efforts of Ahmed Jibreel for uniting the Palestinian organizations to reply on the defeat of June, which ended by forming the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The section also talked about the battle of "al karama" in March 1968, and the military strategy that he followed to stand againt the "Israel" attack on the town of karama. As for section two, it dealt with the reasons that made Ahmed Jibreel split from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, and forming a new organization called the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command. The section talked about the principles of the front and the conferences that were held during that period, and the activities of Ahmed Jibreel that aimed to gain support for his forehead. The Chapter ended by stance of Ahmed Jibreel from Palestinian - Jordanian dispute in(1970 - 1971), and the project of the united Arab Kingdom, which was suggested by King Hussein in 1972.As for chapter three, it deals with the role of Ahmed Jibreel in the war of October in1973 and his stance from the projects of political settlement in1982. The Chapter included three sections; the first one was about Jibreel's attempt to deduct a suitable plan to protect the bloc of (Jawlan) befor the war of October. The plan was presented by the Libyan president Muammar Kaddafi, to the Egyptian government, which refused the plan. The section also talked about Jibreel's bloc role during the war by increasing it's operation inside the invited lands to disturb "Israel" plans and to open a third bloc against it. The second sections of this chapter pointed to the first of these commando operations, which is Al Khalisa (Kiryat shamon). The section also reffered to Jibreel's efforts and his visits to the Arab countries especially to Iraq, Libya. To gain their support to from the bloc of rejection in1974 to face the suggested settlement project. The chapter ended with Jibreel's stance from ending the Arab - Israel dispute (1978 - 1982).Chapter four concentrates on Jibreel's role in the Lebanon civil war. And defending the Palestinian existence in Lebanon in(1975 - 1982). And Jibreel's stance forms the Syrian intervention in the Lebanese civil war. Which was clearly accepted by Jibreel, and that affected his relation with some of the Palestinian leaders who were against this intervention. The Chapter ended Jibreel's role in con forting the "Israel" invasion to Lebanon in(1978 - 1982). And it's consequences depicted by Jibreel's positive stance with other leaders and cooperating with them to face this invasion especially during the siege of Beirut in1982. This invasion resulted in their exodus from Lebanon.The main conclusions arrived at in this study are : 1 - It is observed that Ahmed Jibreel had a good position in his powerful family in Palestine, and also in Syria, his mother came from Al - Assaly family, which was quite power full in Syria. So, his family immigrated to Syria in1948 after the war in Palestine, using these strong relationships, and they settled in the city of Al Qunaytra which is the center of Jawlan heights and the military center of the Syrian army and this Justifies the strong relationship between Ahmed Jibreel and the Syrian and the government in later times.2 - Ahmed Jibreel was influenced by the successful experiment of armed struggle that some nations had had, especially in Algeria and Vietnam which inspired many revolutionaries all around the world. Ahmed Jibreel became convinced that the solution of the Palestinian case implied in the ability of the Palestinians to go through an armed struggle against "Israel", and according to this point, he started his first organization, known as(the Palestinian Liberation front),which was, in addition to Fatah, one of the first commando organizations that adopted the of armed struggle.3 - It is noticed from struggling role of Ahmed Jibreel that he Tried to arrange to work with many Palestinian commando organizations; with Fatah in1965, and then he joined the Arab Nationalists movement, in1967 he formed the (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine). He also had apart in forming (The rejectionist front) in1974, but all of these efforts did not lead to uniting the Palestinian work efficiently.4 - By observing the biography of Ahmed Jibreel and his role in the Palestinian national struggle, it is seen that his points of view had a military tendency and not political, due to the environment in which he grew and lived. That's why he rarely attended the political meetings held by the Palestinian leaders. In such events. Some of the members of his "the Popular Front to liberate Palestine - General Command" him. But on the military field, Ahmed Jibreel had an outstanding role in training the commandos and participating and planning some of the operations.5 - Ahmed Jibreel was the mastermind of some of the commando operations that had a greal political and media attention, and cost "Israel" major losses, such as the operation of Al Khalisa (Kiryat shamon) and (um al Akareb) in1974 and the operation of Nawras in 1979.
الملخص:
المصادر:

عبد الحليم خدام ودوره السياسي في سورية (1932 - 1989) == Abdul Halim Khaddam And His Political Role In Syria (1932 - 1989)

اسم المؤلف: رؤى وحيد عبد الحسين السعدي
اسم المشرف: صالح جعيول جويعد السراي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The studies have led to different roles in the political, economic and social aspects have been filled a wide space in modern historical , and central importance in many countries of the world, to the importance of the individual in the formation of society. This type of study is fraught with many difficulties for different opinions about this character, or because of personal interest or sectarian and partisan differences. We tried to be cautious, and we stick to objectivity, for fear of slipping into bias , according to our understanding of the specificity of this approach, we chose the subject of the thesis (The political role of Abdel Halim Khaddam in Syria 1932 - 1989). This personality has become a political reality in Syria, the emergence of the personality was from the field of law to administrative affairs as governor of the cities of Hama then Konitra and Damascus. He became minister of economy and foreign trade, then became foreign minister until he became vice president of the republic. Through his position he was able to create historical events and was an engine for its operations. He has left a significant impact on Syria's political history, because he was the second man after President Hafez al - Assad, and played a role in moving Syrian foreign policy for the benefit of his country and other countries.In his life there were several stations and experiments that succeeded in most of them and he failed in a few of them. This thesis answers a number of questions that have come to our mind, as is Abdul Halim's character worthy to study? How he grew up and learned? What are the most important characteristics of his character fixed and changing? What is his role at the political and economic levels, before he becomes prime minister and foreign minister? What are his achievements in the field of foreign policy? What is his political role in the Lebanese civil war? What are the most prominent projects he put forward at the beginning of the war? Where his role in the conference Riyadh, Cairo and Beit Din?. We will try to answer these and other questions In this study, the study divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion that included the main findings of the study.The first chapter focused on (The upgrowth of Abdul Halim Khaddam and his political activity), the first section deal with his education, how did he go from the bottom of the social stair to the top and how he entered to field of policy and administration. The second section highlighted on his administration of the Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade, and his achievements as well as his participation in the coup in 1970.The second chapter under title (Abdel Halim Khaddam's policy towards Arab political events 1971 - 1975) , the first section deal with the position of Abdel Halim Khaddam from the march of Syrian - Egyptian relations between 1970 - 1972 and his role in achieving the most important agreement between the two countries , formation of the Union of Arab Republics and preparation for the liberation battle. The second section studied the relations between Syria and Jordan in 1971 , and the position of Abdel Halim Khaddam about works, positions and events that happened in it. Third section deal with Abdel Halim Khaddam's position on the Arab - Israeli conflict between 1973 - 1974, and his initiative in the war of October 1973. And his position about the transformations in Arab - Israeli conflict in 1973 - 1974 , and all conventions and conferences that held to resolve this conflict. The fourth section concentrate on movements of Abdul Halim Khaddam to face the Sinai agreement in 1975 between Egypt and Israel, and the steps that taken to prevent the isolation of Syria, and then closer relations with other countries after Egypt became outside the circle of the Arab - Israeli conflict. Chapter three discuss the subject of (Abdel Halim Khaddam's role in the Lebanese civil war between 1975 - 1978) in tow sections , the first deal with position of Abdel Halim Khaddam about political developments on the Lebanese area in 1975 - 1976, he succeed in stopping the fighting and preventing the division of Lebanon in 1976 , and his efforts in preparing the political reform document (Constitutional Document) , which put an end to the fighting. And his position on the deterioration of the military situation in Lebanon, and his role of Syrian military intervention in Lebanon in 1976, confrontation to the Camp David Agreement and its repercussions on the Lebanese arena in 1978 and its impact on the Syrian presence in Lebanon. In this section, discussed his role in the conference of Beit Al - Deen in 1978 for end the war in Lebanon, he was a representative of Syria at the conference. Chapter fourth highlighted on the (Syria's foreign policy between 1979 - 1989 and the role of Abdel Halim Khaddam in it), this chapter divided in tow sections , the first talked about the Syrian - Iranian alliance, and the pivotal role of Abdel Halim Khaddam in it in 1979 - 1989. As well as the mediation of Abdul Halim Khaddam to reduce the conflict between Iran and the Gulf states in the years 1982 - 1988, and his position about the Syrian - Iranian alliance in Lebanon between (1982 - 1989). The second part (Abdel Halim Khaddam and the Lebanese civil war between 1981 - 1989) , it studied the activities of Abdel Halim Khaddam in the face of the battle of Zahle and the 1981 missiles crisis, Abdel Halim's proceedings in the face of the agreement of 17 May 1983, his role in National Dialogue Conference in Geneva and Lausanne (1983 - 1984) ; he represented his country and presented new ideas for the success of the conference, then deal with the Syrian - Lebanese negotiations since 1986 until the end of the Lebanese civil war and his role in it.He shared his friend Hafez al - Assad in party work and made essential changes to get out from the isolation, and became in 1970 as a field of conflict between members of Al - Baath party for liquidation of accounts and personal interests, it was an old conflict that began after the setback of June 1967, that led to coup by Hafez al - Assad, Abdel Halim Khaddam and other members of the party, which was considered a corrective movement, Abdul Halim Khaddam was the second man and the spokesman for Hafez al - Assad , he was a distinguished man and a master of plans and its architect. Abdel Halim Khaddam presented an idea for the collection of the warring militias by signing of the tripartite agreement in 1985 for a comprehensive solution to the war. He was able to affect on the political militias, and they agreed to conclude an agreement, but the opposition of the Lebanese Front with some parties caused the cancellation , as a result, Lebanese - Syrian relations deteriorated, after long negotiations between the two sides they reached to a national reconciliation document in 1989 under the supervision of Abdel Halim Khaddam, this document is a mini - image of the tripartite agreement document that prepared by Abdul Halim Khaddam and adopted in the Taif Agreement 1989 to end the civil war in Lebanon. Abdel Halim Khaddam was bold to solve the crisis in Lebanon, he was clear in his active role to make Syria responsible for resolving the Lebanese crisis, in order to prevent Israel from achieving its objectives in Lebanon at the expense of Syria.We can say that Abdel Halim Khaddam was a prominent Arab nationalist and political character, he managed by his diplomatic style to make Syria be at the forefront of confrontation, and keep the danger away from Syria by holding alliances, and his transfers among countries have raise Syria's standing, America was afraid of Syria and considered it a difficult figure in its calculation.
الملخص:
المصادر:

التطورات السياسية الداخلية في العراق 1973 - 1979 م == Internal Political Developments In Iraq 1973 - 1979 AD

اسم المؤلف: علي صالح عباس الحسناوي
اسم المشرف: رحيم عبد الحسين عباس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The political side occupied , an important place in the history of peoples, due to his close involvement in the progress of nations and communities, so this study tagged come : (internal political developments in Iraq from 1973 to 1979) to shed light on this important aspect of the history of the Iraqi people, especially the mentioned period has not been studied Academically in Iraqi universities, and a lot of researchers and students avoided it , because of fear of a lack of documents or to avoid to delve into sensitive things according to their point of view, because we are still very near era to the above mentioned period, the researcher decided to go into this fields despite the caveats mentioned, because the period I studied may It marked by events that cast a noisy events on the subsequent stages of the history of modern Iraq, so it worth's studying. Nature of the study imposed that we take from the subject approach to search across the message that began with an introductory chapter we dealt with the internal political developments in Iraq between (1968 and 1973) we have passed on those developments quickly to clarify the picture to the reader regarding the roots of many of the events of the period Research topic. Thesis is divided into five chapters and an epilogue, as well as the introduction, the first chapter came, an introductory chapter we refered to it earlier, entitled : (internal political developments in Iraq, 1968 - 1973) and included four axes first of them allocated to discuss the events of 17th of July coup in 1968, while taking the second the situation the Baath Party government to ward opposition forces, and the third dealt with the government's towards the Kurdish issue, and the fourth talked about the attempt of Abdul Ghani Al - Rawi coup of 1970 and the attempt of Nadhim ikzar coup which take place in 1973. The second chapter, studied the following address : (Native and National Progressive Front 1973 - 1979) As it is clear from the title, it dealt with the formation of the Native and the National Progressive Front in 1973, and it was the period in which the study began , and the chapter distributes on two sections devoted first to form the front and the second deveted the conflict of Baathist and communist and the collapse of the Front. the third chapter discuss the developments of the Kurdish issue under the title of : (Kurdish issue 1973 - 1979) and split on two divisions touched first Kurdish issue since 1973 until the outbreak of war between the Kurds and the government in April 1974, and the second dealt with the Kurdish issue since the outbreak of the war in 1974 and the defeat of the Kurds in 1975 and the rest of the developments of the Kurdish issue until 1979. Devoted the fourth quarter to study uprising of Najaf in 1977 and 1979, and was chosen to him the following address : (Uprisings of Najaf in 1977 and 1979) and split on two topics included the first of which four axes and set aside to discuss the uprising of Najaf in 1977 by addressing the direct and indirect and events and their consequences to their causes, the same thing was pulled on the second topic, but it was three axes. The chapter Five studied the ministerial changes in the period of study and have been allocated the first section of the chapter, and the chapter dealt with the exclusion of Ahmed Hassan al - Bakir from the power and the assumption of Saddam Hussein events in 1979 and this the event in which concluded the study and allocated a second section, came the chapter entitled : (Changes ministerial 1973 - 1979 and the exclusion of Ahmed Hassan al - Bakr from the power). In conclusion it included the most important conclusions that emerged from the study
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاعلام السياسي في الدولة الاسلامية حتى سنة (11 هـ / 633 م)

اسم المؤلف: احمد ذهيب هادي الجبوري
اسم المشرف: اياد عبد الحسين صيهود الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Hudaibiya negotiator of the rare style of his political and media role, succeeded in winning the allies of Quraysh. The recognition of Quraysh once they accept the signing of the peace treaty.9.The study also showed that the issuance of the city's constitution was the corner stone on which the Arab Islamic state was based.10.The study revealed that some historians wanted to prove the virtue of some companions, by making them at the heart of historical events are very far from them
الملخص:
المصادر:

التطورات السياسية الداخلية في العراق 1968 - 1973 == Internal Political Developments In Iraq 1973 - 1968

اسم المؤلف: ابراهيم رسول حسين العامري
اسم المشرف: رحيم عبد الحسين عباس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Iraq witnessed in the period between 1968 and 1973, many of the crucial events, thus that period represented an important decisive point in modern history of Iraq overshadowed the subsequent stages, This phase did not receive academic study in Iraqi universities to discuss its internal political developments, So this Thesis came tagged : ((internal political developments in Iraq 1968 - 19973)) to shed light on those events.the nature of the subject of the study It imposed to follow the way of the unity of subject approach to research in this study, Formed from this introduction and four chapters. the first chapter of which was entitled the coup of July 17, 1968, and it is divided into two sections ,the first section was titled (a glimpse of the political situation during the Al arefey Covenant 1963 - 1968) came to give a picture of the political situations that preceded the occurrence of the seventeenth of July coup, While the second section title (coup July 17, 1968) which was addressed to the reasons for the coup and its implementation and the formation of the Revolutionary Command Council, And the announcement of the cabinet reshuffle, And the thirtieth of July Events, Besides addressing to the interim constitution promulgated in the 21st of September 1968. The second Chapter devoted to discuss internal political developments between 1968 - 1971 and was divided into four sections, The first of which was assigned to discuss the Kurdish issue 1968 - 1971 and the second included Abdul Ghani al - Rawi attempted coup in January 1970, And the third dealt with the issuance of the interim constitution in the sixteenth of July 1970, while the fourth section dealt with the government's opinion on al - Hawza in Najaf from 1968 to 1971.the third Chapter discussed the government policy towards the opposition forces 1968 - 1973, It included three sections ,the first dealt the government's policy toward Islamists while The second section highlight on the government's policy toward the Communists and the third dealt with the government's policy towards the nationalist forces in 1968 - 1973.the fourth Chapter dealt with internal political developments in 1972 - 1973 and was divided into three sections, the first of which was assigned to discuss the political implications of the nationalization of oil in 1972 at the interior level and its impact on the internal politics. The second section dealt with the attempt Nazim Kzar coup in June 1973, And the last section included the formation of the National Front and the National Progressivism in July 1973.The Conclusion dealt with the most important inferences that emerged from this study.
الملخص:
المصادر:

عمران الحاج سعدون اثاره الاجتماعية ومواقفه السياسية 1888 - 1942 == Omran Al - Haj Saadoun Raised Social And Political Attitudes 1888 - 1942 A.D.

اسم المؤلف: سمر حكيم مزهر خليف الطائي
اسم المشرف: عدي حاتم عبد الزهرة المفرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In the history of contemporary Iraq, there are many personalities worthy of study, attention and the ability to play an effective and influential role in the course of political events, especially those personalities who have not only existed and participated in a city or in a period of time, but rather its activity extended from several cities and in critical periods of the history of those the cities, The studies have dealt with many important figures that omran Haj Saadoun did not receive his share of the study of the whole of his life despite his multiple activities not only in the years of the monarchy but in the stages that preceded it.omran Haj Saadoun has appeared on the scene of political life as an important figure in the history of contemporary Iraq, which contributed clearly to the building of the state and has played a distinctive role in the political events experienced by Iraq at the time, and distinguished omran Haj Saadoun as a tribal and political figure during the British occupation, Has a clear impact in the Iraqi government and has exercised its political, administrative and parliamentary influence to contribute to the building of the modern Iraqi state.The reasons I mentioned are behind my choice of the character of Omran al - Haj Saadoun in an attempt to uncover many of the mysterious aspects surrounding this character, from childhood and study, and then his prominence on the political arena and his contribution to the important political events surrounding Iraq's policy at the time.Based on the above, it is necessary to divide the message into a preface, three chapters and a conclusion, in which the most prominent conclusions reached by this chapter, as well as the first chapter, entitled " omran Haj Saadoun, his environment, The first topic focused on the environment of omran Haj Saadoun before his birth in different respects, which is very important as the researcher believes very humbly that without it cannot understand the personality of Omran Haj Saadoun scientific and objective understanding, especially if we take into consideration the fact that the important historical roles Which is played by political figures, which is an expression of the social conditions experienced by the impact of this in the composition of the intellectual, and devoted the second subject to study its first development until the study and composition of intellectual and cultural.The second chapter, entitled " Omran al - Haj Saadoun and his political role in the history of contemporary Iraq from 1914 to 1924" follows the political activity of omran al - Haj Saadoun through the two sections. The first was to highlight his position on the British occupation of Iraq from 1914 to 1920, The first time in the face of the British occupation of Iraq's 1914 States and his departure with his tribe to Shuaiba and managed to acquire a British cannon during the process of confronting the British forces during the progress of the occupation of its territory, and contributed to the purchase of weapons of his own money and did not hesitate to support the tribes of defending the territory with funds, During this period, OmranHadjSaadoun held several posts, including the head of the Indian district, the position he received in March 1917 and the work he did during his term in office,The secondtopic dealt with his role in the revolution of the twentieth and his position on the events of the tribes in 1935 and the Maes revolution in 1941.The third chapter entitled "The Parliamentary Role of omran al - Hajj Saadoun 1924 - 1942", which consisted of two sections. The first part of the parliamentary life in the Ottoman Empire, of which the states of Iraq were a part, was discussed and the role of deputy in the Iraqi Constituent Assembly, And the Constitution in 1925, and dealt with the second section of his parliamentary role from 1925 to 1942 since the beginning of the inauguration of the Iraqi National Assembly on 16 July 1925, and participated Omran Haj Saadoun in the elections of the Council and elected a deputy for the brigade Hilla for five sessions.The documents are based on various aspects of the economic and political activities of the hometown of omran al - Haj Saadoun (Hindiya district), in which the message conveyed much information about its environmenTuwerjAnd enriched the Arabic sources and Arabized chapters letter valuable information among them, but not limited to book Moez Din Muhammad Mahdi al - Husseini al - Qazwini (tribal names and Onsabha) and book Hamoud al - Saadi (studies on the tribes of Iraq) and the book Hamoud al - Saadi (studies on the tribes of Iraq), and the book Hussein Hindawi ( Indian Touirij our house and orchard Babylon) and book a Falah Mahmoud Khader al - Bayati, (the Indian city (Touirij) origins and evolution of civilization from 1799 to 1920) and a book Abdul Razzaq al - Hassani (the date of the Iraqi ministries) and a book (Great Iraqi Revolution) and (Iraq occupation League Mandate) and writers Mohammed Muzaffar ADHAMI (Iraqi constituent assembly) and The book of kamil Salman al - Jubouri (Najaf and Islamic Jihad).The book by Max Fryhir von Oppenheim et al. (Bedouins), and the book of Flip Ireland (Iraq Studying its Political Evolution),and the book of Stephen HommeslyLunkerick (Four Centuries of Iraq's History) and The Book of the Bel (chapters from the history of Iraq).We may not exaggerate if we say that the personal memoirs of the Iraqi politicians had a clear impact in this letter, especially that the book contributed to all the political events in which omranHadjSaadoun was an active part or part of it. Perhaps the most prominent of these memos, "Memoirs of Haj Salal al - Fadhel al - Moha" And memoirs of Ibrahim al - Rawi, "From the Great Arab Revolution to Modern Iraq", Memoirs of "Suleiman Faidi" and Memoirs of Muhammad al - Husain al - Kashif al - getaa "Contracts of my life" and memoirs of SalehSaib al - Jubouri. "Pages from the History of Contemporary Iraq 1914 - 1958".It was not possible to bypass the Iraqi press and magazines because of the valuable information about Omran Haj Saadoun, it has been pursuing its political activities in particular, notably the newspapers "Zora", "Iraqi Chronicles" and the echo of Babylon, "Al - Siyassa newspaper" and the Arab newspaper " "Al - Jumhuriya", "Al - Furat" and "Al - Taakhi". The most prominent magazines were Al - Aalamim, Tuwayrij, Al - Arqan, Karbala and Historical Studies.I also benefited from the books of encyclopedias such as Abdul Awn Al - Rowdan (Encyclopaedia of the Iraqi tribes) and Ali Hussein Farman Shammari (Encyclopedia of the tribes of Shamar) and the Encyclopedia of Thamer Abdul Hassan Al - Ameri (Encyclopedia of the Iraqi tribes).Theses and theses presented this thesis with important information, especially the thesis of the researcher Nadia Yassin Abdul, "The Historians A Historical Study on their Social Roots and Their Intellectual Perspectives (Late 19th Century)" and the doctoral dissertation of NazemYounis Al - Zawi, "Political History of Oil Privileges in Iran, 1901 - 1951" A letter from researcher Raja Hussein Husni al - Khattab "Iraq between 1920 - 1927 study in the development of Iraqi - British relations and its impact on Iraq's political development with a study in Iraqi public opinion" and a message to the researcher Star AlekTufili entitled "Political developments in Iraq and the position of the parliamentary political elite In the Hilla Brigade, from 1939 to 1958, and the message of Tariq Shehan al - Aqili "position of the deputies Karbala in the Iraqi parliament 1925 - 1958 ".As well as foreign sources such as a book (N. K. AL - Baraz, The Geography of Agriculture in Irrigated Areas of the middle Euphrates) and(Vital Cuinet , La Turguie D Asia) and the book (F. J. Moberly official History of the Great war, The campaing in Mesopotamia1914 - 1918).When we reviewed the personality of omran Haj Saadoun and his political and social impact in Iraq until 1942 we reached several facts - He descends from a family embracing honor, originality and true national belonging. He is the descendant of an ancient Arab family that settled Iraq a few centuries ago and played a clear role in the political and social sphere. This family has the good qualities and good qualities of this family, which left a great impact on the horizons of his personality and political thinking. Later. - The emergence of his activity after the disposal of the Ottoman rule in Iraq after the formation of the British government and exercised its role in the liberation of the country from foreign control, in coordination with the men of the national movement throughout the country to confront the occupier and provide ways to resist it by means of adequate means, even if commissioned by that alliance with the old occupied Ottoman Empire , Represented by his approach to the battlefields in defense of his country against the British occupation, and had an active contribution to participate in the bombing of the greatest revolution witnessed by Iraq in its modern history, the revolution of the twentieth. - omran Haj Saadoun was away from party life, as he did not register any affiliation to any of the political parties that were approved during the period of (1922 - 1958), which was mostly members of the politicians, some of whom threw a parliamentary bloc to represent within the ministries Or the House of Representatives, was omran Haj Saadoun away from these influences independent in making decisions away from the influence of any authority on him, and therefore did not belong to any of those parties. - When the parliamentary and constitutional institutions of government emerged as a first step to building democratic institutions that help Iraqis reach their goals, omran Haj Saadoun chose to get out of the constituencies of the restricted government to the open constituencies to participate in the parliamentary elections.
الملخص:
المصادر:

كشف الظنون عن خيانة المامون للسيد حسن الصدر (ت : 1354 هـ / 1935م) : دراسة وتحقيق == Disclosing Suspection Around Al - Macmoons Deception (A Codxology)

اسم المؤلف: باسم محمد حمد موزان الزيادي
اسم المشرف: اياد عبد الحسين صيهود الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The abbasiad Era as well - known witnessed various political events. Most of those happenings were ralated to the struggle for the political powers. That kind of straggle was projected by the Abbasid house members themselves in militory conforntations as in the civil war that broke out between the tow ruling brothers, AL - Ameen and AL - Aamoon. That collision , however , was not only within the Abbasid governors , but it included another relative house, the Alawid house. Hence , Ali bin Musa AL - Ridha (pbah), the master of the Alavid house was coerced to engage in such a notorious clash through a nasty couspriacy by AL - Mamoon to isolate the former from his public and them to assosinate him in easy way.The ambiguity of this cause has been given too much efforts in a manuscript book by a theologist, Hassan AL - Sadr.This manuscript is entitled as kashf AL - Dinoon Khyaanat AL - Mamoon disclosing saspecions around AL - Mamoons deception.Selecting this monuscrift has a specific importance in two sides.Frist , it reveds the musterious condition of murdering Imam Ali bin Mousa AL Ridha (pbuh) , this could be attributed to the fact that this Imam emerged simaltaneously in the time of many valiant Alawid revolts that could have terrified the governing Abbasid Coliphate , this peris caused AL - mamoon to innovate appeasement policy by bringimg Ali bin Musa AL - Ridha from AL - Mamdeena, his brith place , to marow, the abbasid capital in an attempt to put him in semi house arrest.Imam Ali bim Musa AL - Ridhha (pbuh) could use the neur residence as a center for spreading his scholarly culture and knowledge through out persia and the nearby turkish speaking countries which, as a result , converted into Muslim shi i lauds upto the present days. The second side is the personality of the author , Hassan AL - Sadr, who decsends from the Imamic Al awid house, this sholar had fall experince in the shi i Imamic thought , so he gained the interest at orientalists and the christian priests.In addition he dared the recently awry islamic sects the wahabbi movement in partivula , in this trend AL - Sadr responded tot these dects and compiled othe books as A reply to the wahabbism and the shia foundation of the islams sciences.This thesis is composed of three chapter and conclusion the first chapter contains the biography of the manuscript author, Hassan AL - Sadr as his brith , life, linage, professors and compilation. The second chapter is devoted to understand the authors methods , resources and his way of investigation the available informations. Furthermore, the chapter scientifically describes, the chapter scientifically describes the codex and the moterials in which.The third chpter includs th investigation of the codex in two parts , the text and the footnotes.The research reached to key conclusions could be summed up as follow the author used variable historical evidences to confirm assasinating Ali Al - Ridha (pbuh).This came from his experience in the science of Al - Rijaal the science of narrators and in the historic andlyses.In addition, Hassan AL - Sadr could make fall use of the auxilary science he had as arabic grammarian he could be able to critsize many texts around the incidenx and assasination.
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ملامح الدور السياسي لائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) حتى عام 114هـ / 732م : دراسة تاريخية == The Polikical Imamate In Ahlul Baits Thinking Till 114 H - 732 A - D (An Analytical Study)

اسم المؤلف: اشراق علي حسين الشمري
اسم المشرف: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Imamate is one of the most prominent things that appeared politically after the martyrdom of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him and his family).It cured the ignorance of the nation.The Imams of Ahlul Bait (The Prophet's family) led the nation in a way that represented the prophet's real goals and thinking and followed the holy principles of religion though they faced different tragedies by the rulers of the states. The researcher faced several difficulties related to the subject of the dissertation.For example , the political issues of Imams were not so clear in many resources.Thus , the researcher depended on his ability in analyzing the available information that relate to the political imamate.Furturmore, the most available books ignored the value of Ahlul Bait's social and political roles in leadership of the nation and their responsibilities during the reigns of Omayyad and Righteous' caliphate. The study is divided into a preliminary ,three chapters and an end.The preliminary part explained the terms "Imamate " and " Ahlul Bit " terminologically and linguistically. The first chapter is entitled "Ahlul Baits' Identification of Political Problems ".That Chapter has been subdivided into three sections ;the first section tackled with AL - Saqeefah, Fadak,wars of apostasy(huroob alriddah ) ,and the liberation wars (huroob altahreer ).The second section dealt with the way of caliphate moving , murdering Ottoman the caliph ,Imam Ali's battles,Muawiyah bin abi Sufiyan and the independence of AL - Sham. The third section is about Imam Hassan's reconciliation, Yazeed's deeds while ruling, and Bani Umayyad till 114H. The second chapter is entitled " Ahlul Bait's Techniques against Political Problems".The chapter is subdivided into three sections ; the first section tackled with Ahlul Bait's teaching and advice for people.The second section is about the legislating of Ahlul Bait's revolutions whereas the last section is about uncovering and identifying the oppressors in the society.The third chapter is entitled " The Effects of Ahlul Bait's Facing to the Political Problems ".That chapter is of four sections ; the first section is about protecting the core of Islam and the second section is about ceasing the oppressing and torturing of the people by means of the wrong policy.The third section is about warning people of danger that practicing by the governing policy.And finally , the section four is about the preparation for the coming Imam and preparing a resisting generation. Lastly, the end of the dissertation, and the bibliography and the resources lis
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مؤتمر الخريجين العام ودوره في الحركة الوطنية في السودان 1938 - 1952 == The General Conference Of Graduates And Its Role In The National Movement Of Sudan 1938 - 1952

اسم المؤلف: تهاني العيبي كاطع
اسم المشرف: انور جاسب شنته الطريف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاوضاع الصحية في لواء البصرة 1939 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية

اسم المؤلف: وسام نوري عبد الواحد المطوري
اسم المشرف: نجاة عبد الكريم عبد السادة
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
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المصادر:

الالوية والرايات من صدر الاسلام حتى نهاية الدولة الاموية == Banners And Flags Until The End Of The Umaid State

اسم المؤلف: حارث جبار عبد
اسم المشرف: صبيح نوري خلف الحلفي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The motif behind the phenomenon of banners and flags was to identify a certain case throughout history , and to lead the others to them. Their own symbolism was taken from the characters they held, though they were made of clothing , lines and colors, so they had great significance in human communities, these banners and flags had had their functions, especially the war banners. The banners and flags used by muslims in their fight were of sacredness because of their association with their Islamic dogma, and their inclusion of allah holy speeches. The topic of banners and flags in the Islamic military history is rather ambiguous, since the Islamic historical resources ignored the explanation of these signs, so it is hard to find amongst the modern historians who explored such a topic. As a response, this study has investigated the topic of banners and flags until the end of the Umaid state. The study consists of four chapters subdivided into certain sub - divisions, in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. Chapter one, entitled the semantic dimension of banners and flags in history, comprises of Three sub - divisions : the first one is to identify the etymology of banners and flags with their vocabulary, the second one deals with the historical roots of these signs, whereas the third one has studied the banners and flags in the glorious Koran and the prophets preaching. Chapter two has tackled the she shapes of the shapes of the banners and flags. It consists of four sub - divisions : the first one deals with colors of the banners and flags, the second one explores the shapes of the signs, the third on deals with the epigrams written in these signs, while the fourth one has shown the names engraved into these banners and flags. Chapter three has spelt out the authorities of these signs with their criteria and their holders. This chapter is divided into three main divisions : the first one has identified the authorities responsible for these signs, while the second one has highlighted the characteristics of the holders, while the third one deals with homing the substitutes for the banner and flag holders. Chapter four has anticipated the influence of these banners and flags so far the muslims battles were concerned. It has been divided into three sub - divisions : the first one has studied the influence of the banners and flags to encourage the muslims to fight, the second has dealt with the influence of the signs on the warriors recruitment, the third one has tackled the spiritual effect of the banners and flags. The study is rounded up with concluding remarks deduced from the course of the study
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النقوش الثمودية والصفوية : دراسة في الاهمية والمحتوى == Thamudic Inscriptions And Safaitic Study In The Importance And Content

اسم المؤلف: علا حسين علي التميمي
اسم المشرف: سهيلة مرعي مرزوق
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Inscriptions are a necessary subject in the life of Thamudic and safaitic life so it is give us an information from daily life and express the events and effected in it then wrote it as daily memories on the rock's faces in the mountains and valleys are very brief.The study of these Inscriptions lead us to knowledge the life & date of people Not by identifying the historical time of the incident, but through the study of inscriptions analytical study of the content and content.The Research consist of four chapters : ? Chapter one : Historical Geography that included the write , types of lines in Arabian Island , Archaeologists activity in collection the inscriptions , Places spread inscriptions and The language of the inscriptions.? Chapter two : Religion Inscriptions that included the gods mentioned in the inscriptions Thamudic and safaitic benedictions , entreaties , religious symbols, Hajj , offerings , vows and religious functions, such as the priest and the fortune - teller as well as cemeteries.? Chapter three : Social Inscriptions that included study of society by Family relations , strata of society, recorded the inscriptions of the feelings of love and passion and longing, anger, sadness and isolation, as well as tribal conflicts and alliances of the names of tribes and tribal alliances and disputes and conflicts, and then women and art as well as cultural manifestations such as building and construction, professions , jobs , industry, calendar and astronomy.? Chapter Four : Economic Inscriptions that included Hunting, herding , agriculture and Trade.
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قضاء القرنة 1869 - 1918 : دراسة تاريخية == Al - Qurna In 1869 - 1918 : Historical Study A

اسم المؤلف: سعد خلف جبر علي
اسم المشرف: نجاة عبد الكريم عبد السادة
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The researchers attention on the state of Basra from different aspects, but he has not prompted the study sufficient to spend Qurna Despite the importance of economic and military position in relation to Basra, where the confluence of the rivers where the site and represents the rivers of the importance of internal transport, whether on the economic level, the then military, and thus the loop a link between Baghdad and Basra, and its geographical position make it the focus of the forces that came to occupy the country and who actively contributed to the development of the first World war and the consequent occupation of the British in Iraq and in addition to that was the first regions that have implemented new British policy after Basra and thus was field experimentally important to British policy, which found its way to the rest of Iraq's US Hence kick researcher studying the history of Qurna for being one of the important districts of the state of Basra, and the researcher found the need to return to the historical roots and the beginnings of incorporation and the choice in 1869, the beginning of the period in question was due to administrative reforms that came the governor of Baghdad Medhat Pasha 1869 - 1872oukd made Qurna large spend in geographic plantings so Qurna has emerged as a local economic big Hence longer Qurna spend a worthy research and academic studies of what his legacy of economic and military impact of important has covered the letter aspects, whether administratively or economically and politically and socially Researcher has faced difficulties in the process of collecting the sources was the scarcity, as well as the scarcity of information sources that dealt with the history of Basra, Iraq, forcing the researcher to follow most of the books Iraq in order to collect scattered and very scarce information in books and formulated into a thesis Composed letter of introduction and preface, three chapters and a conclusion and supplements boot city site eating and History from the city and renamed the cause and the reasons for its establishment and the role of the Frasaab in order to be an introduction to the study of the history of the judiciary Qurna The first chapter dealt with administrative and social conditions of the Pod The goal is intended to clarify spend Qurna and the development of management and its reflection on the political, economic, social and other conditions where touched first section to the administrative divisions of the judiciary and the machine administrative boards and municipal administration and the judiciary and government departments that have established them as the second theme focused on the situation social residents spend Qurna and social structure of the judiciary and the conditions of education, health, either Chapter II handled the first part, the economic situation through the statement of economic activities then prevailing agricultural including transportation routes and craftsmanship and trade either second topic addressed the political situation where the significance of the visit Medhat Pasha and affected by armed movements in the neighboring areas the position clans of the political events that have taken place in Basra during the period of research, either in the third quarter has singled out the first part, the reason the British and the preparations that led to the occupation of Iraq is either the second topic dealt with the position of the Hawza men and the role of clans Qurna to resist the occupation and the progress of the British occupation forces to Qurna and its occupation and its importance to them, as well as dealt with in the third section interesting aspect of the occupation forces and the administrative role of the Senate in the management area Qurna
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الامير زيد بن الشريف حسين ودوره العسكري والسياسي (1916 - 1958) == Prince Zeid Bin Al - Sharif Hussein And His Military And Political Role (1916 - 1958)

اسم المؤلف: محمد حسن يوسف الحسيني
اسم المشرف: خلود عبد اللطيف عبد الوهاب
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study deals with the martial role of the prince Zaid bin Al - Husain during the great Arabic revolution against Ottomans, it states that he did great efforts leading a special Arabian forces fighting by his order till the end of revolution by taking syria, it also states his exceptional political role which only he has during the Faisali period; as well as his political and deplomatic role during the period of the kingdom in Iraq.The study includes : introduction, preface, three chapters, and conclusion. The preface deals with the prince Zaid's descent and his role in preperation for Arabic revolution, the first chapter discussed the price Zaid's active role in Arabic revolution battles (1916 - 1918). This chapter has been divided into three sections, the first one states his role in the first battles in Mecca city. The second, includes his role in defeating Husain bin Mibirek and besieging the city, and the third included his role the arabic revolution's nothern battles.The second chapter mentioned his role in syria suring the Faisali period 1918 - 1920 it is also devided into three sections, the first explains his role representating his brother the prince Faisal who travelled to Europe to claim Arabs' rights. The second states his representating his brother again when he travelled to Europe for the second time, but the third, mentioned forming the government by the prince Zaid which is called as directors' government, and leading Arabian forces before the end of Faisali period. The third chapter is also divided into three chapters, during the period of Iraqi kingdom (1921 - 1958) the first section mentioned the prince Zaid's role during prince Faisal the first, the second section during the period of the king Ghazi, while the third chapter included the regency and the confilect between him and the prince Abdul - Elah till the end of Iraqi kingdom by the the coup and announcing the republic of Iraq jul,14th 1958, the study depended on alot of important decuments and references
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المصادر:

الطيرة عند العرب قبل الاسلام وموقف الاسلام منها

اسم المؤلف: ماهر شنان ناجي المياحي
اسم المشرف: مصطفى جواد عباس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
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سياسة الاتحاد السوفيتي تجاه باكستان 1947 - 1971 == Soviet Union Policy Towards Pakistan 1947 - 1971

اسم المؤلف: سحر عبد السلام مهدي
اسم المشرف: حيدر عبد الرضا حسن التميمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The United States have been associated with the state of Pakistan Through treaties and alliances After the emergence of Pakistan as a modern state in 1947, and its separation from India in the same year. The United States has worked to build militarybasses as a part of a strategy to encircle the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had not seen the South Asian region within the interests Because it beliefs that Pakistan's independence is not a communist revolution. When Pakistan was associated by treatieswith Western countries, Moscow has approached to India against Pakistan. Pakistan was one of the non - aligned countries and principles do not allow her Link with any of the two great powers, and some world events could Change the nature of internationalrelations in the Indian sub - continent region in general, and the Soviet Union's policy toward Pakistan in particular which is the focus of our study of the period (1947 - 1971) from the beginning of Pakistan's independence until Indian Pakistan war.The study was divided in four chapters ,introduction and conclusion ,the first chapter about the Soviet policy toward Pakistan in the stage of civilian rule and Parliamentary life (1947 - 1958) ,the period between the beginning of Pakistan's independence until the beginning of military rule which divided into four part ,we study in the first section Soviet attitude of the secession of Pakistan and the establishment of a state for the Muslims of India ,in the second section we studied the Soviet position on the Indo Pakistani dispute over Kashmir and the evolution of Soviet relations - Pakistan until 1953,in the third section we study Pakistan's foreign policy and the accession of western alliances and the Soviet position for it and we study in the four section the most important communist parties and socialist in Pakistan and the recent attitude of them, and a reference to the position of these parties from Pakistan's foreign policy and the relationship of the parties with the Soviet Union.The second chapter explained The Soviet Union's position from the internal political developments and foreign relations of Pakistan (1958 - 1965),we study in this chapter the impact of international developments in the relations soviets - Pakistan (1958 - 1964) and the development of relations in the political and economic level between the two countries, the Soviet Union's position on the developments of the problem Pashtunistan until 1964 and the evolution of the diplomatic relations between Soviet and Bakstin until 1965, marked by the historic visit of President Muhammad Ayub Khan to the Soviet Union in the same year.The third chapter deal with Soviet policy toward Pakistan (1966 - 1968) ,we study in it The Soviet Union's policy toward Pakistan and the signing of the Tashkent Agreement of 1966, The role of the Soviet Union in the resolution of the India - Pakistan conflict and the success of Soviet diplomacy in the contact of Tashkent agreement, the development of Soviet - Pakistani relations in the political, military and economic areas (1966 - 1967), The evolution of Soviet policy toward Pakistan and the contact of the arms deal in 1968 and activity Pakistani government to build a nuclear program and the position of the Soviet efforts to ban nuclear weapons.The fourth chapter discuss Soviet policy toward Pakistan under the President Mohammad Yahya Khan, 1969 - 1971,we studied in it The Soviet Union's position on the internal situation in Pakistan and the development of relations between them (1969 - 1970) ,the role of Pakistani mediation in the US - China rapprochement and the position of the Soviet Union from it and the crisis of Eastern Pakistan and the Soviet position from it until 1971, and the secession of Eastern Pakistan and the creation of the state of Bangladesh.
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المصادر:

السيد محمد مهدي السويج ودوره الاجتماعي والسياسي والفكري بين عامي 1941 - 2002 == Sayid Mohammad Mahdi Al - Sewaich And His Social, Political And Intellectual Role (1941 - 2002

اسم المؤلف: حميد سيلاوي لفتة المالكي
اسم المشرف: ياسين طه ياسين الهارون
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Studying secular, intellectual and political personalities is important to remove ambiguity in historical studies on one hand and to investigate the roles those personalities play to make history on the other hand. Modern and contemporary history of Iraq witnessed appearance of too many personalities who played that role and who were concerned to help and awaken their people, to find the suitable solutions by examining the events and realities, to benefit from the experience of others and to encourage thinking in the different aspects of life to achieve those objectives. It is important to study the social, political and intellectual aspects of life of Mohammad Mahdi Al - Sewaich who was bold enough to tell the truth and the false without fear or flattery to any side both during the royal and the republican eras in Iraq. He preferred the public interest and not his own one. He was a well - known orator, not only in Iraq but also in all the Islamic world. He was particularly genius and distinguished by his varied intellectual production in all religious and non - religious sciences so as to treat retardation and failure in social, cultural and political issues in the Islamic world in general Consequently, he had his own influence on the Youth who were looking forward to a one unified state. The researcher chose 1941 as the start of the time under study because it was the year of Al - Sewaich's appearance on the Iraqi, regional and international arena particularly in his reforms and social activities like opening libraries and associations, lecturing in religious occasions… etc. On the other hand, 2002 was chosen as the end of the time under study because at that year, Al - Sewaich isolated himself from people and started writing his books until he died in Syria in 2002. The study attempts to answer the following : To what extent did the public situation in Iraq in general and Basrah in particular lead to appearance of Al - Sewaich on the arena? Were his different cultural and intellectual abilities able to change and reform the society? Why did he transform his social and intellectual reforms from Iraq to other Arab and foreign countries? Was he able overcome the difficulties he faced from the royal and republican regimes in Iraq? Was he obliged to transform his activities to other countries and was he successful to do this? The social, political and intellectual activities of Mohammad Mahdi Al - Sewaich were not academically and independently studies niether inside or outside Iraq. Furthermore, this personality was not (if not very rarely) mentioned in the academic studies that studied the clergymen in karbala and Najaf. Besides, there was no mentioning of his activities when talking about activities of other clergymen. The reason, as the researcher thinks was the special nature of the personality of Al - Sewaich who did not want to show himself and because he was busy to build himself without help of others whether socially, intellectually or economically. That put him in a Kind of isolation away of suspicion and duplicity. The study consists of an introduction, four chapters and conclusion. Chapter one studies the scientific and social upbringing of Mohammad Mahdi Al - Sewaich. It sheds light on his family, Kinship, sources of thinking, teachers, students and different works in philology, Quran commentary, history, literature, poetry… etc. Chapter two discusses his social role and activities that were represented by his reforms and travels to study and spread Islam as a preacher and orator. He went to India and Pakistan for this purpose and to Egypt to complete his study of religion. He had a special role to spread teachings of prophet Mohammad's Kins (Peace be upon them), to urge to maintain the Islamic unity and to reject sectarian conflict. He also travelled to Bahrain to teach religion, to preach and to start Hussaini mourning assemblies. He was also active in other different social aspect inside and outside Iraq and that was represented by his role in Iraqi Writers Association in Basrah and Orphan Care Association, in his opening libraries, arranging ceremonies, lecturing, teaching in courses in addition to his encouragement to sport, acting and other social activities. He was behind conversion of many foreigners to Islami causes. Chapter three highlights his political role inside and outside Iraq during the royal and republican eras. It tackles his attitude towards the different political ideas and trends of the communists, the nationalists, the socialists and the sectarians as well as his position of the regional political and military developments of the Iranian Revolution 1979, the Iraqi opposition outside Iraq, the triple aggression on Egypt in 1956, Arab - Israeli war in 1967, First Gulf war 1980 - 1988, Second Gulf war 1991 and the economic sanction on Iraq. Chapter four discusses his intellectual role and achievements in Islamic thinking and Quran commentary, doctrines and rules, Hussain's Renaissance, moderation, compromising and his jurisprudence, his views and opinions of Islamic approaches and trends like Al - Bahism, Qadianism, Sheikhism and his refuting wahabism in addition to his position of the different Islamic creeds, his style and his speeches. He was a spiritualist, a philosopher, a poet and a historian. He wrote in Iraqi and Arab newspapers and journals about different scientific and human topics. The conclusion is devoted to show the most important results arrived at by the researcher. The conclusion reflects his social, political and intellectual role inside and outside Iraq where he practiced his different activities. Finally, the researcher hopes that this humble effort of him achieves his aim of contributing something to the Iraqi and Arabic library to study prominent personalities and particularly this Basri one.
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الحملة الفرنسية على روسيا القيصرية 1809 - 1812 == The French Campaign Against Tsarist Russia 1809 - 1812

اسم المؤلف: اسراء عبد الكريم طاهر المالكي
اسم المشرف: مشعل مفرح ظاهر العونان
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The revolution that took place in France in the year 1789 was not an event that influenced France alone, in fact it crossed the borders to include the whole world , particularly Europe whose Kings began to fight its liberal ideas fearing that those ideas may reach their countries ; therefore, the reactions of the European countries towards the new revolution varied : some of the accepted them, others fought them and still others were indifferent. What matters here is the position of Russia towards that Revolution. They splitinto two parties : the Russian people supported the Revolution and found out that it was a way to get rid of the absolute monarchy and thus started to study the principles of the Revolution carefully. On the other hand the Russian Government was apparent from the nature of Empress Catherine the Second, 1762 - 1796, who fought all that related to the Revolution and dismissed the French that were settling in her country. Not only did she prevent the Russians from importing any French goods and stopped the trade with France but she also urged the Europeans to start a war against France. As a result those countries formed the first coalition against France in the year 1792. The Russian Empire continued in its hostility towards the French Revolution till her death in 1796. When her son, Paul the First, ascended the throne 1796 - 1801 ,he changed attitudes towards the Revolution and appeared as a man of peace at the beginning ,but when France occupied Egypt and Malta ,the new Tsar had to adopt a hostile position against France.Then he joined the new coalition of 1798 against France. Because of the different points of views and plans of themembers of theCoalition ,Paul the First left the coalition and signed a treaty with France. After the death of Paul the First, Alexander the First became the emperor 1801 - 1825. He was in peace with Napoleon ,who became the First council of France ,and after the war that took place between Britain and France , Bonaparte became the Emperor ,the relations between France and Russia witnessed new tension ,particularly when Napoleon executed Duke Angan ,one of the prices of the Bourbons, which the European countries regarded as actualthreat to their benefits, those countries agreed to form a third European coalition. Russia and Britain represented the corner stone of that coalition, where Russia led a lot of battles against France such as Austerlitz battle in 1805, Eylau battle in 1806 and Friedland battle in 1807.In all those battles the victory was French. Later on the two countries signed a peace treaty ,known as the Tlst Treaty in 1807, in which the two parties agreed to be allied and friends.That friendship was stressed in Erfurt Conference, which was held in 1808. The relations between the two countries continued to be friendly till the year 1810, when Russia breached that treaty by refusing to apply the embargo against Britain. The whole year 1811 the two countries continued in their correspondences that led, atlast, to Napoleon’s Campaign against Russia on the 23nd of june,1812. He and his army pushed deep into the Russian lands, where the Russians adopted the strategy of retreating deep into their land, and burning all the cities that they were withdrawing from , however the campaign did not end up unless Napoleon defeated and his army, which its strength exhausted due to a lack foodstuff materials into as well as the winter, which was harsh where the temperature dropped to ( - 26 Celsius). This actually forced Napoleon to return to France, at the same time Russia was pushed to form the sixth alliance against France.After the Allied victories in the Battle of Leipzig, Napoleon was forced to return to the France borders, but it was too late, and allied forced had decided to enter to Paris, and it was done in 1814. The first Paris Treaty was held in the same year, which brought up the dismissal of Napoleon, and then exiled to the Island of Elba, and formation of a new interim government and the return of the Bourbon to the throne of France. The campaign led by Napoleon against Russia ended all Napoleon's dreams to control over theEuropean Continent and to expand with the East.
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المجلس التاسيسي الكويتي (1961 - 1963) : دراسة تاريخية == The Constituent Assembly Of Kuwait (1961 - 1963 ) : A Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: دعاء علي سرحان الزيدي
اسم المشرف: رافد عبد الرضا عيلان الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The chiefdom of Kuwait Signed in 1899, on the agreement of British protection under which became a protectorate administered some of their affairs, especially out wardness by Britain. was that agreement lasted until 19 June 1961, when Britain announced that Kuwait's independence, became incumbent on the Kuwaits to prove its existence as an independent state, citizens enjoy freedom and democracy, and that through the creation of a constituent assembly elected "suggest" to the world that the Kuwaiti government is moving towards more democracy. However, the march toward democracy soon clashed with the mentality of some of the ruling family elders, who refused at first to waive certain privileges which was granted to them in their capacity as the ruling family elders, Participated all their weight in the Kuwaiti Constituent Assembly. came participation by appointment rather than election, as is the case with the rest of the members of the Constituent Assembly, which confirms the fear of any democratic transformation lose their some of their privileges. plenty of the academic researchers, have significant and multiple aspects, specialized study of Kuwait contemporary political history, is that despite the importance of the Kuwaiti Constituent Assembly ( 1961 - 1963 ), close to its association with the lives of the Kuwaiti citizen on the one hand, and install the foundations of the modern state after the institution was about way to build the joints of the Kuwaiti state as a whole on the other hand, we have not noticed any concentration by those academic studies, for addressing the Council of Kuwait constituent of topics, and the Bill of laws and amendments, except for some writings and articles scattered, which dealt with a very small fraction of the Thread, noting that some of them have been written without the generality that there is a fight in the details, which made it difficult for any researcher, having such a topic in light of the lack of these studies first, and the difficulty of the subject and its complexities Second. Based on the historical significance of the above, it came this study tagged : ( Council Kuwaiti Constituent Assembly from 1961 to 1963 ), in order to detect one of the important aspects and the mean in Kuwait contemporary political history, an attempt to examine role of the Kuwaiti constituent assembly, and its contribution to the transmission of Kuwait from a tribal entity managed some internal and external affairs by the state of Britain's protection, an independent state adopts the existing democratic system of governance elections and parliamentary representation. as well as study the discussions members of the Special legislation of laws and amendment by the Constituent Assembly, which paved the way for the adoption of the permanent Kuwaiti constitution and the election of the National Assembly. The research found a set of findings and conclusions that can incorporate the most important as follows : First : the desire of Britain, Sheikh Abdullah Al - Salem Al - Sabah, and some Kuwaiti dignitaries, the establishment of a constitutional alternative to the tribal government the prevailing system in Kuwait at the time system, as it is becoming imperative for Kuwait after its independence from Britain in 1961, to prove its existence as an independent state, citizens enjoy freedom and democracy, and so through the creation of elected councils "suggest" to the world that the Kuwaiti government is moving towards more democracy.Second : The most important can be notice on the work of the Kuwaiti Constituent Assembly, is the presence of ministers appointed as members of the Council exercising two floors at the same time first : an executive capacity as minister in the Kuwaiti government, or Council of Ministers, and the second : a legislative capacity as members of the Constituent Assembly, so the problematic work of the Constituent Assembly was stemming from the attempt to the executive, the acquisition of the largest amount of powers to the legislative branch account, meaning that the legislature be dominant by the executive branch, and this is what made ministers insist initially through "a spokesman on their behalf," adviser legal Kuwaiti government Mohsen Abdel Hafez, that the task of the Constituent Assembly are limited to a supervisory role.Third : regardless of all the motives that accompanied the formation of the Kuwaiti Constituent Assembly, the Council's work form an important event in the history of Kuwait's political, economic and social, as the mode or the Constituent Assembly drafted the foundations of the system of government in Kuwait, which is destined to continue until the present day, the Although there are some obstacles and political problems faced by the parliament to work in Kuwait, and the Dismantling of the Kuwaiti National Assembly for several times, and electoral fraud, and the Deactivating of some articles of the Constitution, which thanks to the Kuwaiti accomplished Constituent Assembly.Fourth : such as the work of the Kuwaiti Constituent Assembly during that period, a radical shift in the history of Kuwait contemporary political, after the first legislative institution representative of the population to be formed in Kuwait, which has become a reason to create a kind of political awareness among the population of Kuwait, as "Feeling" the presence of a representative entity their own regulator monitors the work of the executive authority, defends their rights through the exercise of the functions of the legislative and regulatory authority, and about the so rushed some residents of Kuwait and dignitaries, to submit petitions and complaints related to their problems, especially the character service, which had previously been neglected, some ministers of the executive branch before the formation Foundation Board.Fifth : The follower of the minutes of the Kuwaiti Constituent Assembly, the minutes of the meetings of the committee preparing the permanent Kuwaiti constitution, foand that most of the laws and legislation political, economic, administrative and service, and some of the permanent Kuwaiti Constitution, were approved under pressure from ministers of the executive authority ( Council of Ministers ), the dominant the work of the Constituent Council ( Parliment ), or to find compromise solutions between the elected members and appointed, and that the necessary ignored the objections of the elected members, and resorting to a vote, which is always in favor of the appointed ministers as members of the Constituent Assembly, or taking the opinion of the Prince Sheikh Abdullah Salem Al - Sabah, to Definitiveness some of the topics at issue, which the size or reduced the independence of the work of the Kuwaiti Constituent Assembly to pass a lot of laws and legislation, it seemed as if the executive branch is watching the work of the legislature, other than what is the case in all parliaments of the world adoptive system democratic governance.Sixth : Overall, we can say that the Constituent Assembly of Kuwait, has succeeded despite the obstacles and difficulties created by the ministers of the executive branch appointed as members of the Constituent Assembly, in the tasks entrusted to him perform under the Interim Constitution of Kuwait : ( Act No. 1 of 1962 ), laid the foundations of the state Kuwait, through legislation, modification and approval of many of the political, economic, administrative and service laws, as well as being able to By done his mean mission president of the preparation of the permanent Kuwaiti constitution, which was approved by the Emir of Kuwait, Sheikh Abdullah Al - Salem Al - Sabah, dated 11 November 1962, under which announced the end of the action Board Kuwaiti Constituent Assembly, to take place after the elections, members of the Kuwaiti National Assembly, which held its first session on 29 January 1963.Seventh : Finally The research, to the Kuwait Permanent its constitution of 1962, he moved from the traditional chiefdom - based formula on the basis of the absolute rule of the elders of the Al - Sabah family, to a limited and incomplete constitutional emirate preliminary version, under the constitutional system of governance amid combines two systems Parliamentary the presidential, with a tendency towards the first, as part of the equation summarized Articles IV and VI of the Permanent Constitution of Kuwait, after Kuwait hereditary emirate where limited presidential Descendents Sheikh Mubarak Al - Sabah, provided that the system of government in which a democratic, under which sovereignty of the nation, all of which are the source of authority, and on despite limited mobility and not complete, but it is a big and important step compared to what it was the conditions of Kuwait in the pre - independence, particularly since the transition from autocracy system to a constitutional system of government, has identified the powers of the prince and the elders of the ruling family, for according to a Permanent Kuwaiti constitution, the center of a system which combines the two systems parliamentary and presidential.
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