اسم المؤلف:
نرجس حسين علي الجبوري
اسم المشرف:
صبا جبار نعمة الخفاجي
المستخلص:
تمتلك المدن التقليدية ذات الجذور التاريخية والتراث الحضاري ومنها مدننا العربية عموما ومدننا العراقية على وجه الخصوص , خصائص معينة ناتجة من ثوابت ومحددات بيئية وثقافية متمثلة بالخصائص المادية للمدن التقليدية وتشمل البيئية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والجمالية | Cities have the traditional historical roots and cultural heritage, including Arab towns in general, and cities of Iraq in particular, certain characteristics resulting from the constant and the parameters of environmental, cultural form of physical characteristics of traditional cities include environmental, social, economic, aesthetic and non - physical characteristics of Others include intellectual, social, artistic, which gave its cultural identity And attribute them over time, it also faces great challenges in light of the evolution of modern and emerging challenges represented by these physical challenges, which include (population explosion and the crisis of transport and communications, pollution, energy consumption, technology, communications and information revolution) and non - physical challenges of others (the crisis of identity, alienation, globalization ), Which was a threat to these cities in civilization side and the future development. Therefore, research take urban design policies and methods with regard to urban renewal for the Future of Urban best of these cities and assimilate the age and its challenges, thus identified the problem of research the future development of cities with traditional historical roots and their attitude towards the immediate challenges of the age and the role of urban renewal policies in that. And define the research aims by providing knowledge on traditional cities with the historical roots by discussion over the physical characteristics and non - physical and put the challenges facing these cities to identify the most important urban renewal strategies best suited to the nature of these cities that represent the origins of Action for the future development of these cities. Assumed that the traditional cities of the historical roots of many of the constants and parameters relating to physical characteristics and non - physical characteristics for such cities as it faces significant challenges in light of the evolution of the times, therefore, the existence of a future vision for how those cities in the near future is a necessity for urban renewal policies and selection Most of which is key to the city's future and be absorbed by the immediate requirements of the age as a Predictive. The research methodology adopted analytical and descriptive in the theoretical framework, and practical framework has been selected five global examples (Arab and Western) that represent the cities of the future rooted historical and civilization heritage, The results showed the effectiveness of urban renewal policies in the future development traditional cities with historical roots and absorb solutions thereby realizing convoyed the age and preserve the cultural heritage and inspire cultural heritage at the level of details or potential sleeper, which is considered some of them as solutions to the challenges of the times, and the varying policies of urban renewal in accordance with the importance of Heritage area in addition to other factors, has focused on preserving areas of high architectural value with a flexible approach to preserving and reviving the architectural heritage and linking it with the whole city, and adopt a principled rehabilitation in areas of moderate architectural value terms allow for modifications and additions - run of the existing buildings to stimulate economic, social and cultural life, and adopt a principled urban infill in urban areas that have been rehabilitated vacant and destroyed spaces, the principles re - development, follows in areas outside the boundaries of traditional areas of inheritance Civilized, and revitalization follows at the level of a whole city, connecting the previous policies.
اسم المؤلف:
اسماء سامي ابراهيم
اسم المشرف:
ندى عبد المجيد الانصاري
طه ياسين الدوري
المستخلص:
هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف على الطراز الكروموسومي ونظام تحديد الجنس والتمييز بين الجنسين مظهريا في ثلاثة انواع من اسماك المياه العذبة العراقية ممثلة بسمكة الحمري Barbus luteus والبنيني كبير الفم macrostomus Cyprinionوالبلعوط الملوكي Chondrostoma regius | These present studies were carried out to determine the karyotypes & the system of sex determination between the two sexes as well as the sexual morphological characteristics of three species of Iraqi fresh water fish Barbus luteus, Cyprinion macrostomus, & Chondrostoma regius that were fished from Tigris river at Baghdad during 2005. The cytogenetic studies revealed that the chromosome number of Barbus luteus is 2n = 148 & the karyotype of males is (80m + 52sm + 16st) while the females has (80m + 51sm + 17st). The chromosome number of Cyprinion macrostomus is 2n = 50 the males has (6m + 24sm + 12st + 8t) while the females has (6m + 23sm + 13st + 8t). The chromosome number of Chondrostoma regius is 2n = 48 and the karyotype is (14m + 30sm + 4st). Sex chromosomes were identified in Barbus luteus & in Cypinion macrostomus for the first time , the sex is determined by ZZ / ZW system, the female was considered as heterogametic (ZW) while the male was considered as homogametic (ZZ) , & the chromosome Z was represented as submetacentric chromosome & chromosome W as small subtelocentric chromosome. In spite of the difference in their chromosome number , the ratio between red blood cell diameter & it's nucleus was approximated in these species. The differences among these species in both of the diameter of cell and the nucleus didn't match with the differences at the polyploidy levels or with the difference in chromosome number within the same level. The liver & intestine were recommended as new sources for chromosomal studies , because of the good ratio of dividing cells (71.4 % & 58.2 %) respectively from the whole dividing cells in kidney that was considered as a control. The crude aqueous extract of fresh convolvulus arvensis leaves showed good effect in arresting the cell division of fish at metaphase , the concentration (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, ) mg / gm arrested kidney cells of carp fish at the metaphase in ratios 71.1 % , 88.1 % , 94 % respectively from the colchicines treated kidney cells (control). Positive significance correlation was found (r = 0.9518) between the percentages of arrested cells at metaphase & the concentrations of crude extract. Comparison between the females and males of the three species revealed that in Barbus luteus the distance from head edge to the anal orifice & from head edge to the dorsal fin were larger in males than females. The females have dark colored fins with reddish ventral aspect of head & body in comparison with the males during the whole months of study. So , they were considered as permanently sexual dimorphism characteristics. But , during the spawning seasons (May & June ) a more brighting color of male with reddish coloration of both sides of body were noticed in comparison with female with a golden orange corneal coloration in both sexes. Thus, they were considered as temporary sexual dimorphism characteristics. In Cyprinion macrostomus the distance from the head edge to the anal orifice was larger in females than males. The colors of anal & caudal fins were darker in females than in males during the whole monthes of study.So , they were considered as perminantly sexual dimorphism characteristics. While, during the spawning seasons ( May , June , July & August) , the gill operculum was of orange color only in male that extend to the end of pectoral fin. So , this was considered as a temporary sexual dimorphism characteristic. In Chondrostoma regius the distance from the head edge to the dorsal fin & from the dorsal to caudal fin as well as the pectoral fin base length were larger in females than in males during the whole months of study it was considered that they are permanently sexual dimorphism characteristics. Differential characteristics were not noticed during the spawning season (February & March). The permanently sexual dimorphism & the general characteristics were not affected by the differences of standard length , weight , age & season , because they were observed in fishes of different lengths , weights & ages & during the months of study 2005. But , the seasons affect the development of temporary characteristics in Barbus luteus & Cyprinion macrostomus , because these characteristics were observed during the spawning season only. Aging of Barbus luteus was accompanied by growth increase as indicated by the mean of standard length during May , July, August, September & December & by the mean of weight during May , August, September, October & December. A positive correlation was found between standard length & weight during the months of study , with the exception of January. While aging of Cyprinion macrostomus & Chondrostoma regius was not accompanied by growth increase as indicated by the means of standard length & weight , but a positive correlation between standard length & weight was found during the studied months. Same growth type were observed in the three species of fish , it was allometric in two sexes.
