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نتائج البحث: 10 من أصل 335

استخراج الطرق اعتمادا على تقنية الافاعي المنطادية == Road Extraction Based on Balloon Snakes Technique

اسم المؤلف: فراس فاهم عبد الحسن الصكبان
اسم المشرف: محمد احمد المشهداني
الموضوع العام: هندسة الحاسبات
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الحاسبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان استخراج الطرق من الصور الجوية وصور الاقمار الصناعية يؤدي دورا مهما في رسم الخرائط وتخطيط يحتاج الى تحديث سريع للطرق (GIS) شبكات الطرق الجديدة. ان التطور الحالي في نظام المعلومات الجغرافية في كل ارجاء الكوكب.خلال العقود الاخيرة طورت الكثير من الطرق الا | The extraction of roads from aerial and satellite images is an important task within cartography and planning of new road networks. The recent developments of the Geographic Information System (GIS) require rapid updates of roads all over the planet. Over

تحليل الاتصال بين القمر الصناعي والطائرة باستخدام نموذج تعقب الشعاع == Analysis of Satellite - To - Aircraft Communications Using Ray Tracing Model

اسم المؤلف: علي محمد علي
اسم المشرف: جابر سلمان عزيز
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الاتصالات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: While the aircraft flying above the earth surface, the signal transmitted from the satellite to the aircraft suffered from changes in it's characteristics at the aircraft receiver's antenna according to many factors affecting the direct and reflected power from the earth surface such as the distance difference, the nature of the earth surface, elevation angle, Doppler shift, etc… This Thesis introduces a proposed algorithm to analyze and simulate the communication link between the Satellite and the aircraft taking into account all the parameters that affect the magnitude of the power and signal characteristics received at the aircraft antenna. The proposed method uses the ray - tracing technique in this simulation to analyze the communication link between the Satellite and aircraft. The simulation developed in this thesis has minimized the error percentage as much as possible taking into account most of the factors that might affect the characteristics of the signal received by the aircraft from the satellite. This simulation considers the free space loss, specular reflection losses, scattering factor, earth curvature effect, etc…,also the simulation takes into account the Doppler effect that caused by the aircraft movements. The simulation measures the received signal strength and fading characteristics of satellite to aircraft communication to determine the effectiveness of communication and to establish parameters which can be useful to the communication system designer in Iraq and the rest of the world. MATLAB® v6.5 used in the simulation as application software, the simulation also applied to MATLAB® v7.0.

محاكاة تضمين تقسيم التردد المتعامد المتعدد المستخدمين المشفر في الخط النازل == Simulation of Coded Multiuser Ofdm Downlink

اسم المؤلف: دﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﺆاد فاروق النعيمي
اسم المشرف: رعد سامي فياض
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الاتصالات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme adopts orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers, which are particularly suited for transmition over broadband frequency selection channels, to support multiusers. The scheme considered usually assigns a subset of subcarriers to each user and adopted adaptive techniques for the allocation of available resources/subcarriers according to the channel state information (CSI) estimated at the transmitter using a reverse link. This thesis proposed three coded multiuser OFDM schemes based on spreading the data of each user over all subcarriers without CSI at the transmitter. The idea behind these schemes is to split the OFDM transceiver into two stages : one common to all users while the other consists of identical parallel units with each unit is used to process the data related to an individual user. The two stages are separated by a multiplexer/demultiplexer unit whose position can be chosen to yield different schemes. The three schemes considered here are : user multiplexed scheme, inner coded multiplexing scheme, and mapper multiplexing scheme. The proposed schemes implemented are using MATLAB simulink (version 7) to investigate their performance under different operating conditions related to number of users, Rayleigh fading channel, and serial concatenated codes. The results are compared with those related to two conventional schemes, subcarrier mapping scheme and outer coded multiplexing scheme. The simulation results indicate that the proposed user multiplexing scheme may offer performance as high as that offered by the conventional outer coded multiplexing scheme but with reduced number of equipments.

تهيئة حاسوبية لموجه سيسكو == Computer Based Configuration For Cisco Routers

اسم المؤلف: فارتان رافي كريكوريان
اسم المشرف: غسان حميد عبد المجيد
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الاتصالات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Routers are intelligent devices that make connection between different networks possible. In addition, routers can perform several functions, including filtration and selection of the best path of packets movement. Routers must be configured efficiently in order to perform the above functions. In literature, two approaches have been distinguished for the configuration, namely; text mode and graphical mode approach. The present work is analyzing these two approaches and defines precisely their advantages and limitations. As a result of this analysis, a new approach is proposed in this thesis which eliminates the limitations. The work proposes a graphical interface which is executed on a desktop (or laptop) PC. The user defines the configuration parameters through a program which transfers these parameters to the router by console port instead of Ethernet port. These parameters are then saved on Non Volatile Random Access Memory. The proposed graphical interface is implemented by standard lab consisted of two routers. The implementation shows that the time of configuration can be reduced to 70% of the text mode approach, and overcome the trouble of the old graphical interface.

سياسة روسيا الاتحادية تجاه ايران (2007 - 1991) وافاقها المستقبلية == Russian Federalism Policy Toward Of Iran In ( 1991 - 2007 ) And Horizan Future

اسم المؤلف: بان فوزي داود الدليمي
اسم المشرف: فكرت نامق عبد الفتاح العاني
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Iran is described as one of the important strategic erea for Fedral Russia , So they interested in Iran from ancient time , Since time of ( horrible Iran ) , because it is described as the main key of warm water , hence the socialist revolution in 1917 came to strengthen this trends. After the world war 11 and along with the international bilateral polarization during the cold war between soviet union and united states of America , the importance of Iran had increased as a field that every part wants to control it , specially with the discovery of oil , So the great powers tried to control or annex it to their influence ereas by different means : diplomatic means , commercial or even through military existercein it. The internal crises in the soviet union was the main reason that Led to its disintegration , here Fedral Russia emerged as a Legal in heritance of the soviet union , then a new period began of internal and external changes drived it to abondan ex - policy and depends on economic interests instead of ideology. With the deliver of presedent (yeltsen) of outhority in early 1990 from the Last century , the political class shown unlimited aproneness to all what is western , the agreement with American united states came firs , but this exceed to become adoctrine and also the formal expectations referes that Fedral Russia will transefer in to urban capital country in short time by foreign aids , But the west did not keep their promises to get Fedral Russia out of this problem , so this economic and social collapse and even moral resulted. All these reasons made Fedral Russia reviews it is foreign policy trends toward Iran , Since its existence was only symbblic in the 1990 decade. Iran as case in study , we will urgue the urgeut transformations on international power balances and its relation in the first decade from the new century , since the coming of proseden vladimer Boten have influenced Fedral Russia's policy toward Iran , and this policy concentrated or Iran's role in the international square as a courter or at least less than the America's influence. The Iranian - Russian cooperation constituted an important step of the two parts relations. Russia could achieve some targets through holding commen projects , specially in oil and gos aspects and also obtaining currency which is greatly contributed in raising Russian economic performance. In addition to provide jobs for scientists and Russian Labor how suffered from unemployment by soling weapons and military eauibments to Iran and also through holding security military treaties which could be fedral Russia in most significant zone in this world. In the age of presedent Boten , Russia was able to achieve great results in many fields , economically , there was a vast development which to increasing of Russian individual's income , and also presedent Boten's tendency was directed to reform. the military institutions through reducing the number of army and concentration efficiencies and depend anew approach that aiming to deter all the threatens that facing the Russian national security. These factors and others , promoted fedral Russian to be in the Line , the with great powers and this reflected on Russia's policy toward Iran who sought to promote it's national prestige and increase it's role in international issue , specially Iranian nuclear program case. The Iranian nuclear program formed as the pressure instrument that used by fedral Russia agaist the west to street on it's international role as one of the great powers that could not be ignored. So the visit of present Boten in the end of 2001 stressed on the role of Fedral Russia under the international problems. Therefore , the Russia policy have to challeng estimating the amount of short and Long run of harm that would inflict the national Russian interests , economic and political geography if the decision makers choose a main change toward Iran for American - Russian corporation. we can say that the change in short period may not be in the Long run. undoubtly that Russian policy's makers will withdraw the negative result for any change in Fedral Russian's policy toward Iran. and this will interest and influence in the erea. while the situation will refere that the cost of Fedral - Russia change toward Iran will be very expensive especially Fedral - Russia use Iran as a pressure power and a regional balance power that counter the west. Finally , we have to point out that Iran is one of the significant ereas for Fedral - Russia , inreturn , Fedral Russia is one of the concerned states about what the events happened in Iran , because it affect on it greatly and the Russian foreign policy and its Future perceptions will be opened in front of all choices due to internal regional and international circumstances.

المعلوماتية واثرها في بناء مجتمع المعرفة == Informatics And Its Impact In Building A Knowledge Society

اسم المؤلف: حيــــدر صائب عبد الرزاق السعيــدي
اسم المشرف: لبنان هاتف الشامي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Today's world is a result of developments and changes undergone by human civilizations across the centuries, great revolution spread to the effects of all nations and peoples to the changing concepts in all societies, worked to change a person's life and development, the revolution is expressed in the simplest form of revolution as the human mind the situations that Lived, referred to by many researchers and strategic importance in the world and all societies, which since the revolution spread to a creature this time aimed at improving the climate and the development and organization of human life. A result of these developments are a new concept characterized by precision, comprehensiveness and objectivity is the concept of knowledge resulting from the IT revolution on one hand, which was the reason for the emergence of the information the other hand, since the simplest form of information it is the accumulation of knowledge, informatics and knowledge is true that the two sides of one coin, One complements the second. Today the role of IT is evident in the composition of a new integrated community, the goal is the president of new knowledge, leading to the decline of agricultural and industrial civilizations figs were in the periods of time, they occupy a great importance in human life, but now the information revolution appeared to penetrate all fields and directions of work and human life , Have shown cognitive civilization that took place among the developed world. This did not stop the impact of the information revolution on one sector, which covered all sectors of political, economic, social and cultural features of each work in all these sectors, in the political sphere has changed metadata structure therein, worked on the formation of new knowledge to decision makers relying on the knowledge Significantly, either in the economic area and worked to give the composition of new concepts in which expanded trade and international relations... etc.. In the area of social and cultural development has worked to introduce new concepts in education and developing individual capacities in the community, increased knowledge and clear views and approaches that have worked to achieve (as possible) new knowledge. In light of the rapid development of information and techniques, which have become intervene in all branches and areas of human life, we can say that the knowledge society can not be based separately from this new revolution, what was taken by the developments expand and spread until covered all parts of the world. Hypothesis search Start this letter from the premise that between a central information and knowledge society relationship action and reaction (direct correlation positive), Informatics complement the knowledge and vice versa, informatics and relies heavily on the introduction of knowledge and composition, and knowledge depends on the use of informatics and expansion. The premise paid to several questions including : What is Informatics? What is knowledge society, and how composed? What is knowledge, and how to control and manage? How affect and are affected by IT in the community? Output is the most prominent IT in the community, and how it changed and turned into a knowledge society? Structural search Research distributed on three chapters, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, in the first quarter, we dealt with him in the Study of the first IT concept, genesis and evolution and its relationship to concepts approach, as well as Study II, which dealt with these characteristics and dimensions of the information revolution, came third after the Study clarifies the technology and technology revolution and characteristics This revolution beyond reason and a means for the emergence and development and spread of IT. As in the second quarter have been addressed in the Study of the first community to the concept illustration, and cognitive input and thus clarify the concept of knowledge, types and their importance in society. The second Study of how it handled the management of this knowledge in the community targeted him to clarify the concept of knowledge management and identify its importance, explained the operations and management functions and then followed for the Study of the third shows how the transition to the knowledge society, as the concept of the knowledge society, and characteristics and then mentioned the strategies that shift A knowledge society. Finally came the third chapter clarifies the role and impact of information in society of knowledge, by clarifying the active role of Informatics in addressing the imbalance of community resources, and thus clarify the impact of these treatments in the political, economic, social and cultural rights, technology research and developmental effects. Conclusions It was a set of conclusions on how and the extent of vulnerability and the impact of IT in building a knowledge society, and these conclusions are : 1 - can be turned to society towards a knowledge society, unless there is a real desire by society in general, in which every individual in particular. 2 - can be a knowledge society has not been formulating plans and operations, rules and foundations (strategies) address the social aspects that are retardation and deterioration, on the one hand, political and economic aspects, on the other. 3 - that IT is a set of knowledge and knowledge are cumulation, since they require a long period of time to be where the accumulation. 4 - Computer have both positive and negative aspects, including the negative association and the possibility of a community problem of unemployment, and to get rid of these negative effects there must be a component and the reasons therefore qualify RSS community, with all classes, the composition and work to establish and create and disseminate new knowledge, any sense that Embrace IT and adoption by reference to developed countries may lead to a cycle of dependency and dependency is working to avoid these individuals, institutions and society as a whole on the formation and expansion of knowledge, in order not to rely on developed nations such as Thus in the case. 5 - a feature that knowledge increases without decrease, they increase and add it to be, without missing, so it is the most important attributes of society, is the formation and accumulation of knowledge with a view to keeping pace with developments in the use and spread of knowledge. 6 - for the full knowledge society, there must be a component of the groups or qualified to manage this process, such as people with high expertise, exploiting young ages to complete their education and graduate skills qualifies them to create new knowledge. 7 - thus the spread of knowledge, Informatics and work within the community, may lead to a situation of international competition, between the community and the developed countries, which is what the aims of each community to get rid of dependence, and to try new composition of exports towards the goal of the knowledge society. 8 - affecting IT in many areas, in the political sphere has worked on the composition of two directions, one tends to use sophisticated weapons and equipment, the other tends to weaken the enemy through the (diplomatic e) the latest IT tools that show the impact significantly in the political sphere, either Economic and informatics technology worked on the introduction of new production methods and contribute in changing the production of hand, and work to solve all economic problems afflicting many societies, leading to reduced costs of transport and communications, etc

التنافس الصيني - الياباني في اقليم اسيا - الباسفيك == The Competition Of Chinese - Japanese In The Asia - Pacific

اسم المؤلف: حيدر زهير جاسم الوائلي
اسم المشرف: قحطان كاظم محمد الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • مفهوم التنافس
  • مفهوم النزاع
  • مفهوم الصراع اقليم اسيا - الباسفيك
  • قضايا التنافس
  • المتغيرات الذاتية
  • المتغيرات الموضوعية
  • محاور الشراكة الصينية - اليابانية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Asia - Pacific regions, very important, especially in the strategic, economic, cultural, as it plays a prominent role in building the international system in different historical stages and contributed to the formulation of strategies and course of world wars, as it contains the largest number of super and major powers that formed the present Prestige previous international balances as well as in the present and the future such as the United States of America, as well as the emerging major powers have steadily evolving hoped to play active roles, such as Japan, China, Russia and the two Koreas, as well as the Asian Tigers. States such as the roles of regional and international interests of their response to the growing capabilities, but acknowledges that some of them more or less to impose a kind of control over the region through effective strategy with a view to the leadership of the region and reading the main variables and determine the form of strategic interaction of the actors under the pretexts or arguments The most prominent of different security and stability to maintain a balance in the region. The importance of the international capabilities of limbs on the one hand, and the intrusion of the principles, values and goals with own goals and strategies of great powers and international actors outside the territory of the other hand, makes interest in the study of the region and its future and the imperative need for an international rather than regional only. The volume of overlapping international and regional goals of the parties concerned given the importance of another subject, as it unleashes for the minds who follow the jurisprudence of the interactions in the future of this region and orientation, particularly given limbs and the capacity of a wide range of this. In light of this fact, the competition is one of the forms of interactions territories, and because in large part designed for the type of influence in shaping the region, the capacity of most countries are the most room to guide interactions with the region, including two hundred regional and international orientation. Therefore, both China and Japan are the most influential in the region after the United States and to their history and their capabilities as well as the desire to exercise effective regional role. During the study found that Chinese competition - Japan Asia Pacific region over several stages, which reflected the nature of the environment, international and regional mechanisms, which contained the interactions of economic, political, security, which also revealed the nature of regional and international forces and transformations from the strategic national interests and their associated Regional policies fueled competition among them, Chinese relations - Japanese as one of the most important relations in international politics as the parties have important political, economic and strategic value to put us a clear example of the traditional ruling changing contexts of their relations and international and regional trends and what their interactions once in a while, in line with International changes, as well as enjoyed by the contents of these relations and major components of great importance stems from the importance of the Asia - Pacific, one of the largest regions in the world and contains natural resources, big markets, as well as high growth rates achieved by their countries and become the focus of world attention , It was due to enter the province in a wave of regional and international competition by the major powers and the majority as (United States and the European Union, China, Japan and Russia) these countries rush to accounted for the economic interests in the region, particularly China and Japan toward the States of the region for the benefit of the largest can get from the province. In addition to the substantive variables (regional and international), the self - variables (internal) of China and Japan has fueled competition between them, for China has contributed to both the development and the reforms conducted in all the aspects that made it grow steadily and World economy heading towards the revitalization of the economy contributing to growth of the Asia - Pacific, Through several means including : the payment of foreign companies to increase their investments in China, taking advantage of the facilities granted, and cheap labor, and promote trade and economic cooperation between China and countries of the region and stimulate its signing of important agreements and the formation of forums and new economic ties, as well as activating the role of Regional And work, with the aim of the regulation of economic activity in the region. For Japan, the self - interest and strive for a regional role to the move feared by the Chinese in the region and pushed it to find ways and mechanisms to deal with the nations of the region to counterbalance the Chinese terms, the policy of economic aid to win its states, restored diplomatic relations with those countries that suffered from Japanese military occupation Different time periods, and seek hard for the markets, natural resources and energy sources which abound in the Asian region.

السياسة الخارجية التركية حيال الشرق الاوسط 1991 - 2006 == Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Middle East 1991 - 2006

اسم المؤلف: جليل عمر علي
اسم المشرف: علي حسن نيسان
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • السياسة الخارجية
  • سياسة الخارجية التركية
  • سياسة الخارجية التركية تجاه الشرق الاوسط
  • دور تركيا الاقليمية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Since the early nineties of the twentieth century, the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the end of the security obsession of Turkey, the falters of Gulf War 2, peaceful settlement process of Arab - Israel conflict, emergence of New World Order, and the occupation of Iraq by United States and its allies at the beginning of twenty - first century and its immense falter, resulted in clear influence on strategic conditions in the Middle East, which comprises the Arab states as the greatest part, while Turkey is the other important part. The Turkish vision expressed its concentration basically on the Middle East, in response to its geopolitical position which requires paying attention to regional environment as a source of threat to the national security or to establish economic relationships to preserve the country interests, or as an area of movement and international and territorial influence. During the early nineties of the previous century, as a result of the collapse of the former Soviet Union, fears overran Turkey because of losing its strategic position with respect to the United States and the western states in general. However, the breakout of Gulf War 2 saved Turkey from fears and immediately participated in the war partially, by opening its airspace and military bases for the international alliance forces against Iraq. Turkey proved that in spite of changing international system from bi - polarity to mono - polarity, it has not lost its geographic significance. The war resulted in security and economic forfeiture to Turkey. At the economical level, Gulf War 2 and the economic blockade on Iraq caused great forfeiture particularly the money that Turkey was getting for letting Iraqi petrol pass through Turkish territories towards world markets. In addition, Iraq is a terrestrial gate for Turkey towards Arabic Gulf. At the security level, the war caused a security gap within Iraqi lands, as the result of the Kurds’ controlling their region after 1991. Such events caused unprecedented problems for Turkey, which increased PKK power.The Gulf War 3 (2003) broke out at the beginning of this century. Iraqi Occupation War made Turkey’s fear deeper towards Kurdish issue as a result of increasing Kurdish demands in Iraq, and reducing Turkish influence because of the rejection of Turkish parliament and government to open northern bloc in front of United States army, in addition to the Turkish fear from the possibility of the arise of a Kurdish state close to its south border, and exploitation of the new situation by the Kurds of Turkey and PKK to increase their national demands. At the level of the Arab - Israel conflict, Turkey adopted an imbalanced policy. It denounced Israeli military operations against Palestinians, but simultaneously established alliance with Israel, which led to considerable uproar among Arab and Islamic states. The Turkish government tried to belittle the significance of the agreement by confirming that it is not directed against any Arab or non - Arab country.Regarding the water policy, Turkey utilized its control on the riverhead of Tigers and Euphrates as a form of pressure on both Iraq and Syria in order to achieve its national interests at the security level by forcing Iraq and Syria to stop their support for PKK. Thesis Outline; This study comprises three chapters in addition to the preface and conclusions. Chapter one studies Turkish foreign policy since the arise of the new Turkish state till Gulf War 2 and the fundamentals which Turkey enjoys, in addition to the study of the perception and role of Turkey in the Middle East in three sections. The first section deals with Turkish foreign policy before the collapse of former Soviet Union. The second section discusses the elements which Turkey has to support their foreign policy that has a strategic location, big military power, its population and economic characteristics The third section, studies the concept of the Middle East and its denotations, as well as the application of the fundamentals of Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East.Chapter two deals with the variables that influence the approach of Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East. This chapter is divided into three sections. Section one postulates the internal variables impact on Turkish foreign policy as military institution, political parties, lobbying and interests groups, and public opinions. The second section is about the regional variables that have influence over Turkish foreign policy since the Gulf War 2, followed by the peaceful compromise of Arab - Israel conflict, the occupation of Iraq (2003), and the Israeli war against Lebanon (2006).The third section elaborates the international variables since the collapse of the former Soviet Union up to date. Chapter three, which is the final one, is devoted to the study of the Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East. The chapter is divided into four sections. The first section discussed Turkish foreign policy toward Arab countries, the Kurdish cause, water problems and Turkish attitude on the occupation of Iraq. Section two deals with Turkish policy towards Iran at the levels of security dimension and regional competition. The third section explains the Turkish foreign policy toward Israel, and its military coalition and economic cooperation with Israel, as well as the Turkish policy toward (Arab - Israel) conflict and Turkey’s attitude on it. The last section attempts to analyze and predict the future of Turkish foreign policy on the Middle East at the level of two basic scenes : the scene of continuity and observation, and the scene of receptiveness and intervention.

اليمين الامريكي المحافظ ودوره في رسم الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة لمرحلة ما بعد الحرب الباردة == The Americans New - Conservative And His Role In Drawing The Inclusive Of Americans Strategy Deyond Post Cold War

اسم المؤلف: امنة علي سعيد
اسم المشرف: منعم صاحي حسين العمار
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الفكرالاستراتيجي الامريكي
  • اليمين المحافظ، المحافظون الجدد
  • المؤسسات الامريكية الرسمية
  • الهيمنة، الشرق الاوسط، العراق
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The American strategy depend,after 11spt.attack 2001,en important principle,to ,to understand and deal with the period of post - cold war word that characterized with huge risk (according to u.s.a)so the American thinkers,under the influences of neo - conservative,make new strategy that enables the American empire to organize a world which external enemies can to attack the most closer places to heart of the united states of America and it considerd overwhelmingly strikes to most symbol of pride for united states of America..As well as these risks formed a new challenges.over nationalism For this premise,the traditional strategies,like defense,containtment and deterrence strategies,are not sufficient after this period (era),so a new concept is devised this concept as amajor motivation (engine) to American foreign policy after 11 spt. Attack.This strategy represented by many of trends which represent emergence to role of cultural and intellectual valuation as wellas a supporter to movement of American foreign policy.because the intellectual directions are the foundation of American strategy. Out of these trends,the American neo - conservatives trend,which historical development to this trend raise many of historical and organizational contradictions alike. While some whom believes that is most important,to description the birth and existence of this trend,is that there no precise determination to links and foundations of strength neo - conservatives trend,farther than philosophical background and key governmental positions to some persons(of this trend)in Bush administration. While the others stress on practical historical argument include that key individuals of neo - conservatives trend in Bush administration are not new on American political scene where republican administrations since Nixon,Ford,Regn reaching to Bush administration. So the neo - conservative is the same old - conservative but the important her that the neo - conservative came in new period not determenated with considerations of cold war and it.diplomatic dictionary so what this group say and plan in closed (locked)room in private meeting now became more pronounced,especially after an absence of soviet union. However,the revolving door policy in American political life explain the truth of rotation specific set of power shifting from governmental positions to the managing of big companies or research center and return back to government when the apportunities of available to its performance and suit with the intellectual and political vision to this trend.is a same time still represent the interest of companies and research centers that come from. Bush administration in its strategy and its policy,represent organic alliance coalition between,what used to described,of American political scientists,as the (Iron triangle)to interest of the three parties,military - industrial complex,oil complex and financial consultant complex,and his base is the military - industerial complex,which stand behind huge military spending(expenditer)that reach it direct balance to half trillion dollars annually according to pentagon on 22|12|2003 However,the 11sept..attack of 2001 played vital role in emergence and vitality of this trend in addition to make decisive shift in American history.lt changes the pace and scope of American perception to international political situation and put in new effective political military direction aimed to deal with new reality (situation)in new direction effective and comprehensive. The 11|spt. Attacks produced new political view in American administration as a starting point in changing the rules of international environment.The change expectable here change in rule of international relations management and the systems of same states and the units that constitute mempership in international system.ln order to dedicated American unipolarity (only American pole) and control of the international system and generalized the principle of liberity which represent as standard to its policy from the moment of its involvement in international relations affairs.and considered it a gateway for reform of international system. Here the American new conservative has received uninterrupted support to his ideas and visions which had long linked with what international system should be which produced important motiviations for united states as an one pole in the world responsible on reform the international system which seems more than ever(any time),according to this trend, need to efforts of united states of America and trusted with its policy particularly in war against terrorism. So ,the war declared by united states of America after 11\spt..attacks 2001,represent as abeginning of new international period era not historical for united states of America only but it justified the struggles of along war different previous conflict during cold war.This war the mechanisms of conflict,possibilities and form of enmies are ditternt and vary in potentials and abilities and it awar include all forms of terrorism.which threatens American interest and then the interest of the interenational community. This idea have provide to new conservatives in addition to promotion of his idea give him growing ability to integrated his project in American comprehensive strategy that met with American interest and protection of American national security requirements of each threat. Even if the threat still,the American comprehensive strategy seems to be as impodied to what trend believed. So,how the situation reach at this point?This what have our study answer.
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