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التعددية السياسية والاستقرار السياسي : دراسة حالة الجزائر == Political pluralism and stability political : Studies of Algeria status

اسم المؤلف: امل رؤوف محمد
اسم المشرف: اكرم عبدالله الجميلي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

السـياســة الامــنية الاســرائيلية بــعــد احــداث 11 ايـــلول / سبتــمبر 2001 == The Political Security Of Israel After 11September 2001 Events

اسم المؤلف: اسامة محمد شهاب
اسم المشرف: علي حسن نيسان
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم السياسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

الاعلام والثقافة السياسية في الدول العربية

اسم المؤلف: احمد صدام ايدام العتابي
اسم المشرف: صالح عباس الطائي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

مكانة اسيا الوسطى في المدرك الاستراتيجي الامريكي

اسم المؤلف: هبة محمود مبارك الربيعي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم السياسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • السياسة الدولية

السياسة الخارجية السعودية والمنطقة العربية منذ انتهاء الحرب الباردة == The Saudi Arabia Foreign Policy and Arabic Region since the End of the Cold War

اسم المؤلف: يسرى مهدي صالح
اسم المشرف: فكرت نامق عبد الفتاح العاني
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Saudi foreign policy has got great important for who deals with international affairs, it deals with politics events directly or indirectly; then its roll in most of the Arabic cases has showed clearly effected. Naturally the Saudi foreign policy interested in Arabic especially. The follower of the way to the development of Saudi politics to the age after the cold war towards Arabia ; find that it does not get away to the period that proceeded the cold war but continued to it. So the changes that happened to foreign and internal environments in last years of the 1980s and the beginning years of 1990s impost on the kingdom more interesting to the Arabian case. So at the time and after the gulf war the kingdom increased in power the military threat that the radical Iraqi regime was weaken another think the alliance with USA and the western that assured it the security. The vision that Saudi resemble towards the Arab - Israel conflict it is the dependent in the Arabic area.Although these good factors but they have become threat resources, the protection that US gives to kingdom has it paid in the economics problems that the kingdom faced after the second Gulf war directly in (1993,1994,1995).In addition of failure every tries to put combination that leads the Arabian interactive in 90s.The accusation of terror and the events of eleventh of September 2001 made the kingdom acting politics roll more actively towards the Arabic area cases.The invitation of the prince Abdullah for peace 2002 and to Syria to get back from Lebanon 2005 for that roll the appearance of Iran not only in Gulf but in Arabic as a competition.For the studying is enable to cover the important of the subject that it divided to introduction also two chapters the first search in variable effective the operation of making Saudi Arabia foreign policy . the second chapter studies the foreign policy behavior towards Arabic area since the end of the cold war.(chosen Arabic issue).The studying get many productions towards that issues.In gulf side : The kingdom insist on the necessary of the American existence in the area as an equal element for Iranian threat with assurance to find guaranty for gulf safety beside of that it tried to reduce the nervous centers and unstable in area. This clearly showed in the solving all the problems about the geographical boundaries with neighboring countries and refusing that Iran have had the nuclear weapons.In Iraqi side : With the growing of the Iraqi - American crisis and what the year 2002 has witnessed by increasing American military side to Iraq.The kingdom refused the military powers against Iraq and declared that it wouldn't allow using its grounds for shooting Iraq after the fallen of the regime in April 2003 kingdom was the first to invite the Arab counties to meet at council for searching the Iraqi development with the increasing of murdering and emigration the kingdom in Iraq assured the dissatisfaction of what is happening in Iraq and invite the necessary of policy sharing and welcoming with the Mecca policy that aimed to stop the violence in Iraq.In the Palestinian side : The Palestinian case formed an essential side from the external Saudi politics interests and it one of its standard that called to find a peacefully solution for this case by the decision of the legal international it assured that each sides of struggle should take care of the decisions of Madrid council for Pease 1991. And what it has signed in Oslo agreement 1993, so it faced against the Israel by the Palestinian side by its government and its people and it showed great interest by the great roll in this case and the invitation of prince Abdullah for peace 2002 for reaching to quiet peace between Palestine and Israel. But when the struggle has increased between Fateh and Hamas the kingdom has called for conversation in Mecca to put down these bloody wars in Palestine.In Lebanon side : From the principle of respect of the country the kingdom asked to get its army back from Lebanon lands and after the ex - president al - Hariry has been killed the kingdom asked to make international investigation to solve the problem. With the Israeli an attack for Lebanon in 2006 the kingdom called for stopping shooting although the criticisms that the kingdom put on Hizb Allah and its responsibility on what happened.In Yemen side : The kingdom insist in it refused position for entering Yemen to the cooperation gulf council nevertheless that Yemen announced that it transmit all obstacles that stand against of getting the membering.

مكانة اسرائيل الاقليمية واحداث 11 ايلول 2001 : دراسة في الامكانيات والفرص == The regional status of Israel and the events of 11 - September - 2001 a study of potentials and opportunities

اسم المؤلف: ناجي محمد عبد الله هتاش
اسم المشرف: صالح عباس الطائي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • المكانة
  • سياسة المكانة
  • القوة والقدرة
  • القوة الاقليمية
  • الاقليمية الجديدة
  • الهيمنة الاقليمية
  • الدور
  • القوة العسكرية
  • اسرائيل
  • التخطيط المستقبلي
  • البحث والتطوير
  • احداث سبتمبر
  • 11 ايلول
  • الادارة الدولية
  • الارهاب
  • صنع العدو
  • الشرق الاوسط
  • القل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This is a study of ( the regional status of Israel and the events of 11/septemper/2001 - a study of potentials and opportunities) by analyzing the variables which helped in the maintenance of Israel existence within a strange environment, and its relentless and continuance attempts to reach the regional domination statues in a region considered one of the most vital regions of the world; extending from Iran in the east to Sudan and Egypt in the west and from Turkey in the north to the Arab gulf in the south . This very region has constituted the middle east according to the British vision in the near past ,and today it is the beating heart of the great middle east project the united states is planning for. The Israeli search for a significant regional statues in this region has been quite unique due to its up normal establishment and its social, historical and cultural radical difference from other countries of this region. Thereby, Zionism realized the danger threatening this new born state among a hostile environment, that is why its purposes and aims have been arranged according to the priorities of planning for state establishment , in cooperation and coordination with the international powers which has an influential impact on the political system : earning the international and legal legitimacy required for the establishment of the state of Israel, fulfilling the Jewish destination, start up the Jewish immigration , preserving the state entity by building a powerful army relying on a huge reserve power capable of defending the state. In order to achieve these goals it has to own the power in every aspects and domain which creates superiority in quality over the hostile Arabic mass. This inspired the idea that the relationship of powers indicates obvious Israeli superiority since the establishment of Israel to the present day, enhanced by the Israeli cultural devotion for the superior west and the Zionist ideological power. Despite Israel capability of achieving the international legitimacy in existing , it did not cancel its great interest of having this regional role and an Arabic acceptance allowing for interacting and influential role in the region. Thereby, there are some of the priorities that constituted the frame of the Israeli political and intellectual perception of its geographical region : 1 - relying on a great power, first obtaining its protection ,and its constant support which qualifies it for a regional role secondly . 2 - embrace the absolute security conception based on geographical extension in order to ensure the strategical depth and secure military superiority maintenance supported by deterrent nuclear arm.3 - The assertion on the elimination of Arabic nation as a cultural and historical fact and finding some sort of religious and national conflict in the sense that it uses religion as a mean of wreaking the Arabic nationality as well as exploiting the sectarian and religious tensions for breaking down the region which fulfills the admission and acceptance of others ; and obtain the regional legitimacy by establishing an Arabic climate accepts the Israeli existence and cope with it to reach for the regional dominance in further level and play the role of regional leader. What helped Israel to accomplish so much of these goals and visions sum of the international variables that stormed the international political system found their echoes in the region which Israel took it for its advantage and used it brilliantly : by the end of cold war Arabs lost their stragical ally (the soviet union) which created the opportunity for Israel and united states to enforce the settlement on Arab. Followed by this golden opportunity, the attacks of 11/septempper /2001 which reached American depth, Israel seized to finish on the Arabic regime, since the prepecations of these attacks concentrated on the middle east core which Arabs and Muslims represent the majority . here, the study proves its hypothesis that accusing Arabs and Muslims of terrorism , distorting the image of Arabs and Muslims making them the target for the American war against terrorism , occupying Iraq , intensifying the American military presence and making the region go through turmoil to distort the region image ; all these are positive outcomes in the advantage of Israel to back up its policies and practices in the region in order to promote its regional statues supported by an American devotion during the region of the current American administration of George Bush junior never reached before. Consequently the study attempted to draw future portraits of the Israeli regional statues promoting two of them which are the most convenient for the Israeli interest : the portrait of continuity , and the portrait of continuity and change for the long and short range. The study has concluded into sum of the deductions confirming the reality that Israel being an important regional state for the time being , it is more than enough to say that it’s the most developed and advanced state and the only nuclear power in the region.

العلاقة بين الحكومة والمعارضة في الدول العربية == The Relationship between The Government & Opposition in Arabic countries

اسم المؤلف: احمد عدنان كاظم
اسم المشرف: وصال نجيب عارف العزاوي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This dissertation has been tackling with specific options concerning with the nature of relationship between Government and Opposition . Thus this subject has different stages during diagnosing of this Political Phenomena , especially with stage of Predominating single - party system which was preventing any political opposition in the political life , besides to that making political groups and parties to be more weakness within political system .In the stage of hegemonic party system , the government excerting too much efforts to containment any political opposition . But the real situation during pluralism in political parties , It has taken another forms , in order to weak any an opposition towarded against Government , therefore the opposition should be working under the conditions which were imposing by Government .The important of this subject was appeared from different basic highlights such as are : - 1. The nature of stand of Government toward an opposition. 2. The style and political paradigm of Arabic elites who were ruling in the region .3. The nature of political culture which was prevalented within society and it's reflections and repercusussions on the structure of an authority .4. The huge of capacities of different political systems in Arabic region to assimulation of all groups of political opposition , such as a partner within institutions of states .From all of that , this thesis devided in to five parts , First chapter deals with conceptual and theoretical themes . But at the Second chapter tackled causes or motivations , and forms of an opposition within political system . In the Third chapter was tackling stages of appearance relationships between Government and opposition . Either within the stage of pluralism in political parties , it has been dealing in Fourth chapter . And in the last chapter has studied the future of connectionship between Government and Opposition by different possible likelihoods which were concerning with reflixable and non - reflixable relationship between two parts of political equation , therefore , it may relation be very dimunitive in vital role between Government and Opposition within political process , in the democratic stage

التعددية الحزبية والوحدة الوطنية في الوطن العربي == The Plurality of Parties and National unity in Arab homeland

اسم المؤلف: ابتسام حاتم عـلوان الدليـمي
اسم المشرف: مها عبد اللطيف حسن الحديثي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Plurality of parties and National unity in the Arab home land.The important of this subject, the balance nature between guarantee real plurality of parties and making this plurality mean to reserve the national unity and not disassembling it .The Majority of Arab nations in the Arab homeland especially those called for following the plurality of political parties are of formal polarity, they put group of obstacles and Restrictions for any real plurality of parties whether on the level of actual practice of arresting and others, or through constitutional obstacles restricted the party polarity and codification this plurality due to laws and restricted constitutions giving the ruling party the ruling party the extent in general to win the Elections and to guarantee keeping power due to formal and forged circulation of power. The Studies depend hypothesis Represented accelerated Relationship referred to the effect of political party plurality on the national unity in the country. The party plurality based on real democratic bases acts its Effective role to ensure the national unity in that society and to maintain the social adhesion in it, While the party plurality based on sectarian , race, and Ethnic bases to Effect negatively on the National unity for Disassembling society and Increasing chasm Between its Individuals this Necessity Putting forward group of questions. How the party plurality in the Arab homeland and what is the general Framework of plurality in the Arab homeland? And what are the reason behind the transformation to plurality in the Arab countries and what are their consequences ?What is the concept of National unity? And what is the party Plurality with the National unity? And What is the peaceful Circulation of power in the Arab homeland ? and how this circulation affects the National unity? Is there party plurality in Iraq, Egypt and morocco and how this affects the National unity considering them applicable pattern for this study?.The Structure of the study has distributed on four Chapters, Moreover, the Introduction and conclusion . The first chapter deals with the state in the Arab homeland and the third deals with the state in the Arab homeland and the second, the origination of the state in the Arab homeland and the third deals with the obstacles Faced the state in the Arab Homeland . The second chapter tries to study the party plurality in the Arab homeland and in three categories, the first one deals with explaining the general framework of party plurality in Arab society, While the second one studies the party Phenomena in the Arab Homeland and through two demands.The first Studies the appearance of party plurality in Arab homeland and the second one studies the Characteristics of these parties and the research pointed out to the Transformation Process from one party regime to party Plurality and through two demands, the First studies the Reason of transformation to party plurality and its Consequences and the second Referred to the reality of party life in Arab homeland, whole the third chapter studies the national unity and partiality on the level of concept in the first research, the Relation of Political Parties with the National unity, While the third Research deals with the Effect of Power in the Arab homeland on the National unity. The Fourth Chapter studies three Arab states, Iraq, Egypt and Morocco as applicable patterns of study and explaining characteristics of party plurality in each state and its Effect on the National unity. The Study has Reached that all the Parties Arab homeland have appeared in democracy absence Circumstances in these states and their appearance have expressed the social categorical and patriotic needs, they obtained Relative Unanimous then transformed in parties, Individuals and leaderships, The conflict is great among them and do not lead to social adhesion and Subsequently to achieve the National unity and this is has noticed in the applicable patterns where the party plurality, but they are of sectarian or Denominational Nature and that Effects Negatively on the National People unity

سياسة ايران الخارجية تجاه المنطقة العربية منذ عام 1989 وافاق المستقبل == Iranian foreign policy Toward Arab Area since 1989 and Future Horizon

اسم المؤلف: سيف منذر عبد الواحد الجوعاني
اسم المشرف: فكرت نامق عبد الفتاح العاني
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

السياسة الخارجية الامريكية تجاه غرب افريقيا بعد الحرب الباردة : نيجيريا انموذجا == American foreign policy towards West Africa after the cold war Nigeria" case Study

اسم المؤلف: اياد عبد الكريم مجيد
اسم المشرف: صالح عباس الطائي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The region of West Africa has occupied a great strategic importance in America's foreign policy, especially after the cold war, as this policy witnessed an observed American movement towards this region with the beginning of the 1990s of the last century under the changes that the world had witnessed through that period which represented in the disassembly of the Eastern system (Soviet Union) and the uniqueness of The United States of America in the world which is regarded as the only prevailing pole in the international domain. Therefore it followed a foreign policy which is built on that grounds, and fits the nature of the new phase. So, the world has become in front of a unique situation that embodied in the domination of one pole and its attempt to oppose its politics and will on others. Thus, its policy is considered universal and global that comes from the truth that its interests are distributed all over the world. As a result, it is necessary to subject the world to that policy and especially those regions that have a great strategic importance for The United States of America. Among these important regions West Africa's region that is considered one of the most remarkable region in the African Continent which takes a notable place in America's foreign policy according to its great significance on different levels whether political, economic, strategic, or security level. On the economic level, West Africa's region is considered a huge store for raw and unprocessed materials, as well as for sources of necessary energy like oil and gas, which American industry needs greatly. As to the security level, this region becomes very important in America's foreign policy according to its economic importance from one side, and its position among other regions that are included in the American war on terrorism from the other side, a matter that makes this region has a direct relation with American national security. Politically, The United States of America sought to win the attitude and approval of other countries of the region especially in the issues that have a relation with America's goals and interests. However, West Africa's region strategic importance comes from its strategic position which lies near the eastern coasts of The United States of America. So, as a result this makes America's reach to it is easy and getting all what it needs securely and easily. On the basis of all these facts, The United States of America has realized that this region becomes associated with its national security because a great part of its interests is associated with this region. Yet, this leads The United States of America to use variable means and ways that allow it to control the resources and treasures of the countries of the region. Hence, we notice that The United States of America has employed all the means of a foreign political action toward achieving its goals. Therefore, it moved politically through its managers and bosses, as well as holding sessions and conferences that gather both sides, in addition to reinforce the American diplomatic presence through opening new embassies and consulates in most countries of the Continent. As for the economic side, the American policy towards West Africa takes various shapes and directions. Sometimes it uses economic assistance and support as a means of perfusion to that region. Most of America's assistance and support are accompanied with economic and political conditions that touch the sovereignty and independency of the country that receives the assistance. Other times it uses investments and the spread of the gigantic American companies in West Africa as a means of economic domination on the countries of the region, especially after the increase of American dependence on the African oil greatly, in addition to all that, its dependence on the raw materials that are found in large amounts there and used in American industry. On the military level, West Africa witnessed an observed American activity which took different shapes. Sometimes it takes the form of a direct military intervention in the affairs of these countries, as what happened in Liberia in 2003. Other times it takes the form of military support through supplying the institutions of these countries with all what they need from military experiences and consultations, as well as opening sessions for African soldiers in The United States of America from one side, and from the other side, they send American experts to West Africa to supply them with what they need from military experience and consultation. By this action, The United States of America was able to turn the region into what is look like a military base for it to launch anywhere that may threaten its security and interests all over the world. This is revealed by its announcement of formation American military leadership (AFRICOM), since this action shapes one of American political dimensions to achieve its security goal. Nevertheless, this policy was not far from the international competition which glows between the international rising countries that attempt to control and dominate the treasures and sources of this region, and one of these forces is France and China which activate greatly in West Africa. As for France, it was a previous colonizer of the west of the Continent, while China is considered the dragon that searches for energy sources and necessary raw material for its rising and improving industry. These actions raise Washington's fears from losing its control on the region. Therefore, The United States of America moves towards all levels, whether politically, military, or economically in order to prevent the rise of any international competitive forces to it in the region.Consequently, The United States of America moves towards reinforcing its relations with all countries of the West African region especially those countries that have a political, economic, and military importance, whether on Continental level, or on international level. Perhaps one of these countries is Nigeria which becomes the most powerful strategic alliance to The United States of America in the African Continent. Hence all America's foreign policy and movements aim to control and dominate this strategic region and to protect its goals and interests there, in addition to its attempt to oppose its western liberal pattern on the countries of the region. From all above, we can conclude that : 1. West Africa's region is considered one of the most important strategic regions for The United States of America, and its importance is increasing according to its political, economic, and security importance. 2. The variation and multiplicity of the means and mechanisms of the American action towards West Africa in a way that allows and justifies America's free action there, and be insure of opposing its domination on the sources and fortunes of the region. 3. Due to its richness with sources of energy and raw materials, The United States of America sought to put a hand on these sources and raw materials that are found in this region, in addition to protect the American companies' interests there.4. Taking advantage from African market in general, and from the market of the west in particular, because from one side it will be a promising consumptive market for American goods and merchandise for more than 300 million human beings. From the other side, The United States of America will create work chances for America's new generations in the future.5. The increase of American dependence on importing oil abroad especially from African Continent which probably will reach to 25% in 2020 which leads America to consider West Africa one of the most important regions that it will depend on in the future, especially Guinea gulf which is rich with petroleum, a matter that leads many to say that Guinea gulf will be the substitute for the Arab gulf, for The United States of America, according to its huge petrol supply and the increase of the discovered quantities in it from one side, and because of the decrease of the Middle East oil (Arab gulf), as some records indicate, through the coming years, from the other side, in addition to the state of instability that the region witnessed which threaten the access of petroleum supplies to The United States of America.6. Facing the domination of the rising international forces in West Africa especially the French and Chinese dominations, and the attempt to weakening their role, in addition to depriving them of getting any privileges that they may have to get resources and treasures of this region and investing them, as well as depriving them from dominating on its huge markets in order not to be at the expense of America's goals and interests.7. The seeking of The United States of America to create strategic alliances in the region which have a military, economic, political, regional, and international importance, which can depend on in carrying out its foreign policy. Therefore America finds Nigeria (the African giant) the most important and active country in the west of the African Continent

ثقافة الديمقراطية واثرها في بناء المجتمع المدني في العراق == Democracy Culture and Its Effect on Building the Civil Society in Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ياسر علي ابراهيم السلامة
اسم المشرف: وصال نجيب عارف العزاوي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Talking about democracy and democracy culture is diverse and complicated. A group may agree on defining their conditions, importance and concept, another group may differ depending on their view and way of reading both. The study has come to emphasize the importance of the role played by democracy in building the societies through an important and close related side which is "democracy culture" and the effect of the later in constructing a real civil society contributing effectively in making the society and the political system aware. The study concentrates on Iraq for its societal specialty (religiously, ideologically, racially….etc) and the occupation it passes through with all its dimensions. Our research entitled (Democracy Culture and Its Effect on Building the Civil Society in Iraq) is organized in three chapters as well as an introduction, a conclusion and a number of appendices. The first chapter deals with "the essence of democracy" in five sections. Whereas the second chapter is dedicated to study "the essence of civil society" and is divided into five sections also. As to chapter three, it addresses "the reality of democratic transformation and civil society in Iraq" within seven sections.

السياسة الخارجية الامريكية والمشرق العربي مابعد الحرب الباردة == The American Foreign Policy and The Eastern Arabian Countries : The period After The Cold War

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى جاسم حسين
اسم المشرف: فكرت نامق عبد الفتاح العاني
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This dissertation is concerned with studying the foreign policy of the United States towards the Eastern Arab countries after the cold war. It consists five chapters with an introduction and a conclusion.The first chapter tackles the development of the American policy towards the Eastern Arab countries and its aims. It is obvious that it did not take a special feature only at the end of the second world war. From the end of 18th.century on , the American policy was concerned with some economic interests especially with oil and some other cultural and religious concerns like those made by some protestant missionaries in different Eastern Arab countries. After the second world war when there was a great need for oil, the region has captured the interest of the American decision maker gradually. In addition, the increasing of tension caused by the cold war was another reason that the region becomes of increasing value for the Americans. It is possible to say that the most important American aims in the region are economic and cultural in order to generalize the American type besides other strategic and security aims.The second chapter studies the important features effective in the American foreign policy towards the Eastern Arab countries. The deconstruction of the Soviet union appears to be the most distinguishable international feature that enables the United States to impose its policies on the region. With out having an opponent , the region suffers some kind of political submission in order to be re - formed. The Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in 2nd of August 1990 was among the most important regional features that helped in prevailing the American policy in the region more than ever. More over, this chapter concentrates on studying other regional factors " variables" that work to suppress the American policy in the region, like the Islamic extremism and spreading of the weapons of mass destruction and terrorism. It also studies the features that helped in the success of the American policy in the region like the strategic role played by Israel and the existing of non - democratic regimesThe third chapter discusses the units and the institutions responsible for the foreign political decision - making. It is divided into two sections. The first section studies the formal units represented by the president, the role played by both the ministry of defense and the state secretary, in addition to the CIA and the national security council and the congress in determining the American foreign policy. The second section is concerned with the non - formal institutions effective in foreign policy decision - making, like the political parties, the Zionist lobby, the economic - military factor, besides the important role played by the institutions of research and thought development" Think - Tanks".The fourth chapter tackles the American foreign political behavior towards the region. It is divided into five sections. The first studies the American foreign political behaviour towards Iraq. The second one specializes with studying the Arab - Israel conflict and the attitude of the United States towards the Palestinian Issue. The third section focuses on the American attitude towards Syria. The fourth one deals with the American behaviour towards the security of the Arab gulf states. The fifth section studies the American behaviour towards Egypt.The fifth chapter envisions the future of the American policy towards the Eastern Arab countries. It is divided into four sections. The first one studies the political scene. The second deals with the scene (scenario) of the continuing of the present American policy. The third section suggests the change of this policy in away that enables the Arab countries to move in a space larger than that found in the scene of the continuing of the same policy discussed in the previous section. The fourth one work to intermingle the two previous scenes.

تطور ظاهرة تدويل النشاط الاقتصادي وانعكاساته السياسية والاقتصادية على البلدان النامية : مصر انموذجا == The Evolution of Internationalization Economy Active Phenomenon and Reflex on Developing countries (Egypt Case Study)

اسم المؤلف: سلام جبار شهاب
اسم المشرف: عبد علي كاظم المعموري
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: …. The Internationalization is wide term, so the study began in definition the Phenomenon the mean of Internationalization, Economy Internationalization, Political Internationalization, and differences between the Internationalization and the Globalization. (ch.1). the beginning this Phenomenon in old civilization, and the vision of economic systems (Islamic, Capitalism, Socialist systems) (ch.1).The Internationalization theories wall taken for important, (International trade theories, Foreign Investment theories). (ch.1)…. There are many motives for this Phenomenon which differentiates between political and economical motives, (ch.2). What forms of this Phenomenon, (ch.2), and determine the machine that organized the Internationalization. (ch.2)…. In last chapter, this phenomenon lead to many of effects, in political and economical sides, that taken about Egypt state. (ch.3)For that, what is the future of this Phenomenon? The researcher put three visions for the future, first, the Americanization, second, the transnational corporation, third, the international integration. (ch.3) …. Finally, A number of important conclusions emerge from our analysis of the (Internationalization Phenomenon).

علاقة المجتمع المدني بالنظام السياسي التاثير والتاثر : دراسة حالة مصر والاردن == The Relationship of Civil Society With the Political System Influence and Effect - Jordan and Egypt as Case in Study

اسم المؤلف: ســداد مــولــود ســبــع
اسم المشرف: وصال نجيب عارف العزاوي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study tackles a very important subject not for being the subject of debate and argument by the politicians and researchers , but it comes in period that witnesses an increasing calls and pressures for applying the democratic approach in ruling and these pressures come in time that many of the Third World countries submit to the despotic and dictatorial systems that raising democratic slogans without applying this approach .Here , to study the mechanism of modernization and developing these systems , We should study the role of civil society in these systems which represented by alleviating the burden thrown on the state through social , economic and cultural functions of these systems in addition to the political one .The study of the relationship of society with the political system , requires the search in the theoretical fram for main reason and that is development happened on the human science especially , political science . These developments led to the emergence of new concepts , some are disappeared and the other are developed and expanded which requires the study of these developments to understand the public frams of each concept and then apply it on the Arab situation and the study patterns . And this what we tried to do through studying the developments that happened on the political system . more over the rapid development of civil society in the western states and does it reach to our Arab societies .But , the existence of civil society in some our societies evoked an intellectual political debate for being one of the concepts that there is no agree on it's historical background in the Islamic political thought , and some definetly refuse it's existence not only in the Islamic Political thought , but also in the institutions of Arab contemporary state and they do assert that what is existing is traditional institutions took the form of civil society institutions in the west , but the indication is a mere traditional society that devotes the tribal fanatic and this clear in Jordan .This extremist opinion is considered denial of many efforts and activities of civil society institutions , because some could break the barrier of central despotisim of political system in order to explain his opinion and demands freely , as Egypt that has the pioneer role in this respect .The civil society characterized by effectiveness and motion which supported by great powers on purpose or non , these great powers promoted Egypt to appear in a nominal democracy not the real one , because they realize that the real democracy means the choice of Egypt society and this is appropriate with the regional Function of Egypt by the great powers .There is a fact hatcould not be deny that Egypt is considered institutions state , in spite of the domination of decision maker on the political life and puplic life in Egypt , and this domination is one of the problems of Arab states , Thus some systems justified it by using many means one of these is the belonging to the messenger of God ( pray and peace be upon him ) and this indeed what happened in the Jordanian political system which has a little freedom according freedom measurements . This political system a doped multiplicity as the Egyption … , but dealt with it cautiously and this matter left it . clear hard influence especially and civil society and the society generally on here the ability of civil society influence on the political system is very hard that we find some of it's indications in Egypt through its participation beside the government and private sector in commen development programs among the three seetors .After the explanation of this short brief about the subject significant , we must explain the structure of this subject which consisted of four chapter , introduction and conclusion .The first chapter tackles the conceptual fram of each civil and political society with all developments took place in this respect , more over studying the relationship between the two variables after the assumption that the strength and effectivness of the first political system is taken from the effectiveness of civil society ( second ) and revers is true .The second chapter studies the lawful , political , economic and social features through studying the accompanianed problematic of political parties action and the administration of head of state and king for the political process which reflected directly process whether in elections or through political process .While , the third chapter tackles of great interest the accompanianed problematic of concept using by enhance or limit concept borders and also the problematic of civil society existence in Egypt and Jordan but according to the Arab peculiarity and then the main characteristic of Egypt and Jordan .Where as , the fourth chapter tackles the influence of the political system on the civil society through affected the later by the first , but this will not abolish the influence of civil society on the political system , because of the need of political system for civil society or part of it's components to perform development programs and this is clear in Egypt . Finally , the conclusion represents a summary of the main ideas in this study and the conclusions that resulted from this study

المكانة الدولية للهند في القرن الحادي والعشرين == THE INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF INDIA IN THE 21ST CENTURY

اسم المؤلف: تـلا عاصم فائق
اسم المشرف: صالح عباس الطائي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many scholars have dealt with the conflict of the regional powers and the major international powers in South - Asia Region on various aspects. The Indian military and nuclear capabilities are considered major fields of political studies. Such research is conducted in the framework of the Indian political system, the Indian relationship with the Arabic Gulf countries and the role of the rising powers in strategic balance. Indian international status in the 21st Century is the main issue of the current study. These academic efforts are aiming at defining the strategic capacities that India has, since its role in the Asian - region shows a kind of dominance. Moreover India is not only a regional rising power but has a distinctive international role with the ambition of occupying a permanent seat in the United Nations. The importance of the theme of the current study can be summed up as an attempt to approve the following questions : What are the Indian potencies?What are the main issues affecting the international status of India in the post cold war era?And finally, what are the future outcomes becoming out of the international status of India in the 21st Century? Indian technological, economic and social developments can be considered the fruits of its democratic political system. Despites all multi - cultured nature with language and religion varieties, India established a strong democracy. This affirms an effective foreign political act to state India as a regional and international dominant power in the 21st Century.The study sheds light on certain basic dimensions showing the Indian political will of having the most affective external political act in and outside its region. It is clear that India is promoting a future international status in the post cold war era. The problematic issue includes an investigation of all the internal and external variables affecting the status of India. Internal ones include various political, economic, military, as well as social strengthening potencies. While the external ones are either regional or international. The first are focused on the Indian role in a direct conflict with Pakistan and China as part of its continuing struggle for power over prominent strategic issues. But India has very distinctive cooperative relations with both The United States of America and Federal Russia. It also has a very large bilateral economic cooperation with both Japan and Australia. The future prospects more points for powerful Indian role in the 21st Century.The study falls into four chapters. Chapter One deals with the theoretical frame. It is an introduction divided into two sections. The first section includes the conceptual bases, presenting the terminology of status such as the role, function, and position. Moreover a definition of the regional and international systems and their targets. The second section deals with the main political, military economic and social objectives and principles of the Indian strategy. Chapter Two deals with International potencies of India which are geographic, social, political and economic. All these show the impact of internal and external factors on the rising international political role of India.Chapter Three restricts the scope of the study to the post cold war era. Chapter Four prospects a future perspective of the Indian international status in the 21st Century. This shows three scenes : the first is the Indian dominance, the second is the Indian - American coalition and partnership, and the third is the Indian part in international alliance. Consequently India has spiritual as well as materialistic capacities enable it to achieve a very influential international role. The current study proves the hypothesis that India's potencies whether internal or external increase its international role and make it more effective. The researcher has arrived at some conclusions and presents a review of the main points, they are mainly : 1) Indian ambition never stops on the regional bordered limitations. It is not considered only a regional dominant power. And it has far challenging economic, military and political prominence over its neighbour, Pakistan. But it is an international power making efforts to get a permanent seat in the United Nations. 2) Indian - Pakistani relation in the post cold war era has been a continuation of the pre cold war relations. It is based on mistrust, violence and instability heading to arm struggle rather than cooperation. This makes it a more strategic manipulator in the region. While the Indian - Chinese relation is colored with cooperation supported by many Governmental official visits on both sides. Though these countries are still competing for a more influential regional role. 3) There is a wide range of mutual interests between India and the United States of America. This is resulted in a strategic collision to achieve their interests in economy, military and politics. Moreover India has established good friendship with Russia on every aspect to serve their regional interests.4) India has an effective role in the Asia - Pacific region that is limited due to the regional strategic balance. Indian diplomacy has accomplished a lot to achieve mutual understanding and stability in the region. Its part in the Pacific - APEC Economic Forum has helped a great deal to insure Indian economic as well as political status.

التعددية السياسية في الفكر السياسي الاسلامي المعاصر

اسم المؤلف: مـعـد صالح حــسن العبيدي
اسم المشرف: مها عبد اللطيف حسن الحديثي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: There are many Quranic verses put us in front absolute truth should be considered by every mindful beings is the omni existence of the Allah, and the diversity of his creatures. We should admit that multipality and diversity beside the difference is a theological act that induced by Allah wisdom and indicated to it by Islamic doctrine from its essential sources : The Quran and prophetic tradition, Islamic doctrine urges us to positive diversity which guides to the acquaintance and cooperation in addition to intimacy, mean while it’s preventing the negative diversity and difference which lead the nation to fighting and mutual killing, and the last one is the worst according to Islamic doctrine and for the necessity of development which witnessed in all humaninty fields, some of Islamic thinkers and intellectuals, in plus to some Muslim pioneers, presented their opinions and ideas which related to the topic of diversity and differences in all it’s aspects, weather it is religious or cultural or even ethnic or political that enrich wildly the modern Islamic political thought, specially after the wide spreading of “Diversity” as term and a concept linked to western liberal political thought innorated by western thinkers like : Jean Jack rousseay and Jean luck. Islamic political thinkers endeavour to extract their pretext and evidences from Islamic doctrine sources for the purpose of coexistence with political diversity according to up mentioned rules so the thinkers divided in to groups, some of them refuse it definity and other who support it with some disciplinasy conditions, mean while the others who support it definitely in Islamic Society and every one of of them has its own pretext and justifications that addressed to enhance his position of this subject whether they are with or no. Despite nemurous supporters for the political diversity of Islamic society in context with Islamic doctrinal rules and its traditions but we should realize that all controversy about this topic among all political currents not considering more than the oritical intellictural debut if it’s not transferred to be applied as political act on reality wether it was in the past or in recent century, there is no Islamic society applying Islamic gouverning system complety according to religious teachings so that the interesting people in political systems affairs could emit their judgment at validity on political diversity in a such society or not. So all which exposed by a Islamic scientists and juriprudents and followed pioneers of modern Islamic political thoughts of their opinions in this concern not consider to be more than a vow for purportedly. Islamic society does not exist on the ground of reality in our recent century. In concerning with Iraqi Islamic political parties indicate in their intellectual programs the topic of political diversity of Islamic society but they are not come out of General outline which was drawing by modern Islamic political thought.

سياسة روسيا الاتحادية تجاه ايران (2007 - 1991) وافاقها المستقبلية == Russian Federalism Policy Toward Of Iran In ( 1991 - 2007 ) And Horizan Future

اسم المؤلف: بان فوزي داود الدليمي
اسم المشرف: فكرت نامق عبد الفتاح العاني
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Iran is described as one of the important strategic erea for Fedral Russia , So they interested in Iran from ancient time , Since time of ( horrible Iran ) , because it is described as the main key of warm water , hence the socialist revolution in 1917 came to strengthen this trends. After the world war 11 and along with the international bilateral polarization during the cold war between soviet union and united states of America , the importance of Iran had increased as a field that every part wants to control it , specially with the discovery of oil , So the great powers tried to control or annex it to their influence ereas by different means : diplomatic means , commercial or even through military existercein it. The internal crises in the soviet union was the main reason that Led to its disintegration , here Fedral Russia emerged as a Legal in heritance of the soviet union , then a new period began of internal and external changes drived it to abondan ex - policy and depends on economic interests instead of ideology. With the deliver of presedent (yeltsen) of outhority in early 1990 from the Last century , the political class shown unlimited aproneness to all what is western , the agreement with American united states came firs , but this exceed to become adoctrine and also the formal expectations referes that Fedral Russia will transefer in to urban capital country in short time by foreign aids , But the west did not keep their promises to get Fedral Russia out of this problem , so this economic and social collapse and even moral resulted. All these reasons made Fedral Russia reviews it is foreign policy trends toward Iran , Since its existence was only symbblic in the 1990 decade. Iran as case in study , we will urgue the urgeut transformations on international power balances and its relation in the first decade from the new century , since the coming of proseden vladimer Boten have influenced Fedral Russia's policy toward Iran , and this policy concentrated or Iran's role in the international square as a courter or at least less than the America's influence. The Iranian - Russian cooperation constituted an important step of the two parts relations. Russia could achieve some targets through holding commen projects , specially in oil and gos aspects and also obtaining currency which is greatly contributed in raising Russian economic performance. In addition to provide jobs for scientists and Russian Labor how suffered from unemployment by soling weapons and military eauibments to Iran and also through holding security military treaties which could be fedral Russia in most significant zone in this world. In the age of presedent Boten , Russia was able to achieve great results in many fields , economically , there was a vast development which to increasing of Russian individual's income , and also presedent Boten's tendency was directed to reform. the military institutions through reducing the number of army and concentration efficiencies and depend anew approach that aiming to deter all the threatens that facing the Russian national security. These factors and others , promoted fedral Russian to be in the Line , the with great powers and this reflected on Russia's policy toward Iran who sought to promote it's national prestige and increase it's role in international issue , specially Iranian nuclear program case. The Iranian nuclear program formed as the pressure instrument that used by fedral Russia agaist the west to street on it's international role as one of the great powers that could not be ignored. So the visit of present Boten in the end of 2001 stressed on the role of Fedral Russia under the international problems. Therefore , the Russia policy have to challeng estimating the amount of short and Long run of harm that would inflict the national Russian interests , economic and political geography if the decision makers choose a main change toward Iran for American - Russian corporation. we can say that the change in short period may not be in the Long run. undoubtly that Russian policy's makers will withdraw the negative result for any change in Fedral Russian's policy toward Iran. and this will interest and influence in the erea. while the situation will refere that the cost of Fedral - Russia change toward Iran will be very expensive especially Fedral - Russia use Iran as a pressure power and a regional balance power that counter the west. Finally , we have to point out that Iran is one of the significant ereas for Fedral - Russia , inreturn , Fedral Russia is one of the concerned states about what the events happened in Iran , because it affect on it greatly and the Russian foreign policy and its Future perceptions will be opened in front of all choices due to internal regional and international circumstances.

المعلوماتية واثرها في بناء مجتمع المعرفة == Informatics And Its Impact In Building A Knowledge Society

اسم المؤلف: حيــــدر صائب عبد الرزاق السعيــدي
اسم المشرف: لبنان هاتف الشامي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Today's world is a result of developments and changes undergone by human civilizations across the centuries, great revolution spread to the effects of all nations and peoples to the changing concepts in all societies, worked to change a person's life and development, the revolution is expressed in the simplest form of revolution as the human mind the situations that Lived, referred to by many researchers and strategic importance in the world and all societies, which since the revolution spread to a creature this time aimed at improving the climate and the development and organization of human life. A result of these developments are a new concept characterized by precision, comprehensiveness and objectivity is the concept of knowledge resulting from the IT revolution on one hand, which was the reason for the emergence of the information the other hand, since the simplest form of information it is the accumulation of knowledge, informatics and knowledge is true that the two sides of one coin, One complements the second. Today the role of IT is evident in the composition of a new integrated community, the goal is the president of new knowledge, leading to the decline of agricultural and industrial civilizations figs were in the periods of time, they occupy a great importance in human life, but now the information revolution appeared to penetrate all fields and directions of work and human life , Have shown cognitive civilization that took place among the developed world. This did not stop the impact of the information revolution on one sector, which covered all sectors of political, economic, social and cultural features of each work in all these sectors, in the political sphere has changed metadata structure therein, worked on the formation of new knowledge to decision makers relying on the knowledge Significantly, either in the economic area and worked to give the composition of new concepts in which expanded trade and international relations... etc.. In the area of social and cultural development has worked to introduce new concepts in education and developing individual capacities in the community, increased knowledge and clear views and approaches that have worked to achieve (as possible) new knowledge. In light of the rapid development of information and techniques, which have become intervene in all branches and areas of human life, we can say that the knowledge society can not be based separately from this new revolution, what was taken by the developments expand and spread until covered all parts of the world. Hypothesis search Start this letter from the premise that between a central information and knowledge society relationship action and reaction (direct correlation positive), Informatics complement the knowledge and vice versa, informatics and relies heavily on the introduction of knowledge and composition, and knowledge depends on the use of informatics and expansion. The premise paid to several questions including : What is Informatics? What is knowledge society, and how composed? What is knowledge, and how to control and manage? How affect and are affected by IT in the community? Output is the most prominent IT in the community, and how it changed and turned into a knowledge society? Structural search Research distributed on three chapters, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, in the first quarter, we dealt with him in the Study of the first IT concept, genesis and evolution and its relationship to concepts approach, as well as Study II, which dealt with these characteristics and dimensions of the information revolution, came third after the Study clarifies the technology and technology revolution and characteristics This revolution beyond reason and a means for the emergence and development and spread of IT. As in the second quarter have been addressed in the Study of the first community to the concept illustration, and cognitive input and thus clarify the concept of knowledge, types and their importance in society. The second Study of how it handled the management of this knowledge in the community targeted him to clarify the concept of knowledge management and identify its importance, explained the operations and management functions and then followed for the Study of the third shows how the transition to the knowledge society, as the concept of the knowledge society, and characteristics and then mentioned the strategies that shift A knowledge society. Finally came the third chapter clarifies the role and impact of information in society of knowledge, by clarifying the active role of Informatics in addressing the imbalance of community resources, and thus clarify the impact of these treatments in the political, economic, social and cultural rights, technology research and developmental effects. Conclusions It was a set of conclusions on how and the extent of vulnerability and the impact of IT in building a knowledge society, and these conclusions are : 1 - can be turned to society towards a knowledge society, unless there is a real desire by society in general, in which every individual in particular. 2 - can be a knowledge society has not been formulating plans and operations, rules and foundations (strategies) address the social aspects that are retardation and deterioration, on the one hand, political and economic aspects, on the other. 3 - that IT is a set of knowledge and knowledge are cumulation, since they require a long period of time to be where the accumulation. 4 - Computer have both positive and negative aspects, including the negative association and the possibility of a community problem of unemployment, and to get rid of these negative effects there must be a component and the reasons therefore qualify RSS community, with all classes, the composition and work to establish and create and disseminate new knowledge, any sense that Embrace IT and adoption by reference to developed countries may lead to a cycle of dependency and dependency is working to avoid these individuals, institutions and society as a whole on the formation and expansion of knowledge, in order not to rely on developed nations such as Thus in the case. 5 - a feature that knowledge increases without decrease, they increase and add it to be, without missing, so it is the most important attributes of society, is the formation and accumulation of knowledge with a view to keeping pace with developments in the use and spread of knowledge. 6 - for the full knowledge society, there must be a component of the groups or qualified to manage this process, such as people with high expertise, exploiting young ages to complete their education and graduate skills qualifies them to create new knowledge. 7 - thus the spread of knowledge, Informatics and work within the community, may lead to a situation of international competition, between the community and the developed countries, which is what the aims of each community to get rid of dependence, and to try new composition of exports towards the goal of the knowledge society. 8 - affecting IT in many areas, in the political sphere has worked on the composition of two directions, one tends to use sophisticated weapons and equipment, the other tends to weaken the enemy through the (diplomatic e) the latest IT tools that show the impact significantly in the political sphere, either Economic and informatics technology worked on the introduction of new production methods and contribute in changing the production of hand, and work to solve all economic problems afflicting many societies, leading to reduced costs of transport and communications, etc

التنافس الصيني - الياباني في اقليم اسيا - الباسفيك == The Competition Of Chinese - Japanese In The Asia - Pacific

اسم المؤلف: حيدر زهير جاسم الوائلي
اسم المشرف: قحطان كاظم محمد الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • مفهوم التنافس
  • مفهوم النزاع
  • مفهوم الصراع اقليم اسيا - الباسفيك
  • قضايا التنافس
  • المتغيرات الذاتية
  • المتغيرات الموضوعية
  • محاور الشراكة الصينية - اليابانية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Asia - Pacific regions, very important, especially in the strategic, economic, cultural, as it plays a prominent role in building the international system in different historical stages and contributed to the formulation of strategies and course of world wars, as it contains the largest number of super and major powers that formed the present Prestige previous international balances as well as in the present and the future such as the United States of America, as well as the emerging major powers have steadily evolving hoped to play active roles, such as Japan, China, Russia and the two Koreas, as well as the Asian Tigers. States such as the roles of regional and international interests of their response to the growing capabilities, but acknowledges that some of them more or less to impose a kind of control over the region through effective strategy with a view to the leadership of the region and reading the main variables and determine the form of strategic interaction of the actors under the pretexts or arguments The most prominent of different security and stability to maintain a balance in the region. The importance of the international capabilities of limbs on the one hand, and the intrusion of the principles, values and goals with own goals and strategies of great powers and international actors outside the territory of the other hand, makes interest in the study of the region and its future and the imperative need for an international rather than regional only. The volume of overlapping international and regional goals of the parties concerned given the importance of another subject, as it unleashes for the minds who follow the jurisprudence of the interactions in the future of this region and orientation, particularly given limbs and the capacity of a wide range of this. In light of this fact, the competition is one of the forms of interactions territories, and because in large part designed for the type of influence in shaping the region, the capacity of most countries are the most room to guide interactions with the region, including two hundred regional and international orientation. Therefore, both China and Japan are the most influential in the region after the United States and to their history and their capabilities as well as the desire to exercise effective regional role. During the study found that Chinese competition - Japan Asia Pacific region over several stages, which reflected the nature of the environment, international and regional mechanisms, which contained the interactions of economic, political, security, which also revealed the nature of regional and international forces and transformations from the strategic national interests and their associated Regional policies fueled competition among them, Chinese relations - Japanese as one of the most important relations in international politics as the parties have important political, economic and strategic value to put us a clear example of the traditional ruling changing contexts of their relations and international and regional trends and what their interactions once in a while, in line with International changes, as well as enjoyed by the contents of these relations and major components of great importance stems from the importance of the Asia - Pacific, one of the largest regions in the world and contains natural resources, big markets, as well as high growth rates achieved by their countries and become the focus of world attention , It was due to enter the province in a wave of regional and international competition by the major powers and the majority as (United States and the European Union, China, Japan and Russia) these countries rush to accounted for the economic interests in the region, particularly China and Japan toward the States of the region for the benefit of the largest can get from the province. In addition to the substantive variables (regional and international), the self - variables (internal) of China and Japan has fueled competition between them, for China has contributed to both the development and the reforms conducted in all the aspects that made it grow steadily and World economy heading towards the revitalization of the economy contributing to growth of the Asia - Pacific, Through several means including : the payment of foreign companies to increase their investments in China, taking advantage of the facilities granted, and cheap labor, and promote trade and economic cooperation between China and countries of the region and stimulate its signing of important agreements and the formation of forums and new economic ties, as well as activating the role of Regional And work, with the aim of the regulation of economic activity in the region. For Japan, the self - interest and strive for a regional role to the move feared by the Chinese in the region and pushed it to find ways and mechanisms to deal with the nations of the region to counterbalance the Chinese terms, the policy of economic aid to win its states, restored diplomatic relations with those countries that suffered from Japanese military occupation Different time periods, and seek hard for the markets, natural resources and energy sources which abound in the Asian region.

السياسة الخارجية التركية حيال الشرق الاوسط 1991 - 2006 == Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Middle East 1991 - 2006

اسم المؤلف: جليل عمر علي
اسم المشرف: علي حسن نيسان
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • السياسة الخارجية
  • سياسة الخارجية التركية
  • سياسة الخارجية التركية تجاه الشرق الاوسط
  • دور تركيا الاقليمية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Since the early nineties of the twentieth century, the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the end of the security obsession of Turkey, the falters of Gulf War 2, peaceful settlement process of Arab - Israel conflict, emergence of New World Order, and the occupation of Iraq by United States and its allies at the beginning of twenty - first century and its immense falter, resulted in clear influence on strategic conditions in the Middle East, which comprises the Arab states as the greatest part, while Turkey is the other important part. The Turkish vision expressed its concentration basically on the Middle East, in response to its geopolitical position which requires paying attention to regional environment as a source of threat to the national security or to establish economic relationships to preserve the country interests, or as an area of movement and international and territorial influence. During the early nineties of the previous century, as a result of the collapse of the former Soviet Union, fears overran Turkey because of losing its strategic position with respect to the United States and the western states in general. However, the breakout of Gulf War 2 saved Turkey from fears and immediately participated in the war partially, by opening its airspace and military bases for the international alliance forces against Iraq. Turkey proved that in spite of changing international system from bi - polarity to mono - polarity, it has not lost its geographic significance. The war resulted in security and economic forfeiture to Turkey. At the economical level, Gulf War 2 and the economic blockade on Iraq caused great forfeiture particularly the money that Turkey was getting for letting Iraqi petrol pass through Turkish territories towards world markets. In addition, Iraq is a terrestrial gate for Turkey towards Arabic Gulf. At the security level, the war caused a security gap within Iraqi lands, as the result of the Kurds’ controlling their region after 1991. Such events caused unprecedented problems for Turkey, which increased PKK power.The Gulf War 3 (2003) broke out at the beginning of this century. Iraqi Occupation War made Turkey’s fear deeper towards Kurdish issue as a result of increasing Kurdish demands in Iraq, and reducing Turkish influence because of the rejection of Turkish parliament and government to open northern bloc in front of United States army, in addition to the Turkish fear from the possibility of the arise of a Kurdish state close to its south border, and exploitation of the new situation by the Kurds of Turkey and PKK to increase their national demands. At the level of the Arab - Israel conflict, Turkey adopted an imbalanced policy. It denounced Israeli military operations against Palestinians, but simultaneously established alliance with Israel, which led to considerable uproar among Arab and Islamic states. The Turkish government tried to belittle the significance of the agreement by confirming that it is not directed against any Arab or non - Arab country.Regarding the water policy, Turkey utilized its control on the riverhead of Tigers and Euphrates as a form of pressure on both Iraq and Syria in order to achieve its national interests at the security level by forcing Iraq and Syria to stop their support for PKK. Thesis Outline; This study comprises three chapters in addition to the preface and conclusions. Chapter one studies Turkish foreign policy since the arise of the new Turkish state till Gulf War 2 and the fundamentals which Turkey enjoys, in addition to the study of the perception and role of Turkey in the Middle East in three sections. The first section deals with Turkish foreign policy before the collapse of former Soviet Union. The second section discusses the elements which Turkey has to support their foreign policy that has a strategic location, big military power, its population and economic characteristics The third section, studies the concept of the Middle East and its denotations, as well as the application of the fundamentals of Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East.Chapter two deals with the variables that influence the approach of Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East. This chapter is divided into three sections. Section one postulates the internal variables impact on Turkish foreign policy as military institution, political parties, lobbying and interests groups, and public opinions. The second section is about the regional variables that have influence over Turkish foreign policy since the Gulf War 2, followed by the peaceful compromise of Arab - Israel conflict, the occupation of Iraq (2003), and the Israeli war against Lebanon (2006).The third section elaborates the international variables since the collapse of the former Soviet Union up to date. Chapter three, which is the final one, is devoted to the study of the Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East. The chapter is divided into four sections. The first section discussed Turkish foreign policy toward Arab countries, the Kurdish cause, water problems and Turkish attitude on the occupation of Iraq. Section two deals with Turkish policy towards Iran at the levels of security dimension and regional competition. The third section explains the Turkish foreign policy toward Israel, and its military coalition and economic cooperation with Israel, as well as the Turkish policy toward (Arab - Israel) conflict and Turkey’s attitude on it. The last section attempts to analyze and predict the future of Turkish foreign policy on the Middle East at the level of two basic scenes : the scene of continuity and observation, and the scene of receptiveness and intervention.

اليمين الامريكي المحافظ ودوره في رسم الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة لمرحلة ما بعد الحرب الباردة == The Americans New - Conservative And His Role In Drawing The Inclusive Of Americans Strategy Deyond Post Cold War

اسم المؤلف: امنة علي سعيد
اسم المشرف: منعم صاحي حسين العمار
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الفكرالاستراتيجي الامريكي
  • اليمين المحافظ، المحافظون الجدد
  • المؤسسات الامريكية الرسمية
  • الهيمنة، الشرق الاوسط، العراق
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The American strategy depend,after 11spt.attack 2001,en important principle,to ,to understand and deal with the period of post - cold war word that characterized with huge risk (according to u.s.a)so the American thinkers,under the influences of neo - conservative,make new strategy that enables the American empire to organize a world which external enemies can to attack the most closer places to heart of the united states of America and it considerd overwhelmingly strikes to most symbol of pride for united states of America..As well as these risks formed a new challenges.over nationalism For this premise,the traditional strategies,like defense,containtment and deterrence strategies,are not sufficient after this period (era),so a new concept is devised this concept as amajor motivation (engine) to American foreign policy after 11 spt. Attack.This strategy represented by many of trends which represent emergence to role of cultural and intellectual valuation as wellas a supporter to movement of American foreign policy.because the intellectual directions are the foundation of American strategy. Out of these trends,the American neo - conservatives trend,which historical development to this trend raise many of historical and organizational contradictions alike. While some whom believes that is most important,to description the birth and existence of this trend,is that there no precise determination to links and foundations of strength neo - conservatives trend,farther than philosophical background and key governmental positions to some persons(of this trend)in Bush administration. While the others stress on practical historical argument include that key individuals of neo - conservatives trend in Bush administration are not new on American political scene where republican administrations since Nixon,Ford,Regn reaching to Bush administration. So the neo - conservative is the same old - conservative but the important her that the neo - conservative came in new period not determenated with considerations of cold war and it.diplomatic dictionary so what this group say and plan in closed (locked)room in private meeting now became more pronounced,especially after an absence of soviet union. However,the revolving door policy in American political life explain the truth of rotation specific set of power shifting from governmental positions to the managing of big companies or research center and return back to government when the apportunities of available to its performance and suit with the intellectual and political vision to this trend.is a same time still represent the interest of companies and research centers that come from. Bush administration in its strategy and its policy,represent organic alliance coalition between,what used to described,of American political scientists,as the (Iron triangle)to interest of the three parties,military - industrial complex,oil complex and financial consultant complex,and his base is the military - industerial complex,which stand behind huge military spending(expenditer)that reach it direct balance to half trillion dollars annually according to pentagon on 22|12|2003 However,the 11sept..attack of 2001 played vital role in emergence and vitality of this trend in addition to make decisive shift in American history.lt changes the pace and scope of American perception to international political situation and put in new effective political military direction aimed to deal with new reality (situation)in new direction effective and comprehensive. The 11|spt. Attacks produced new political view in American administration as a starting point in changing the rules of international environment.The change expectable here change in rule of international relations management and the systems of same states and the units that constitute mempership in international system.ln order to dedicated American unipolarity (only American pole) and control of the international system and generalized the principle of liberity which represent as standard to its policy from the moment of its involvement in international relations affairs.and considered it a gateway for reform of international system. Here the American new conservative has received uninterrupted support to his ideas and visions which had long linked with what international system should be which produced important motiviations for united states as an one pole in the world responsible on reform the international system which seems more than ever(any time),according to this trend, need to efforts of united states of America and trusted with its policy particularly in war against terrorism. So ,the war declared by united states of America after 11\spt..attacks 2001,represent as abeginning of new international period era not historical for united states of America only but it justified the struggles of along war different previous conflict during cold war.This war the mechanisms of conflict,possibilities and form of enmies are ditternt and vary in potentials and abilities and it awar include all forms of terrorism.which threatens American interest and then the interest of the interenational community. This idea have provide to new conservatives in addition to promotion of his idea give him growing ability to integrated his project in American comprehensive strategy that met with American interest and protection of American national security requirements of each threat. Even if the threat still,the American comprehensive strategy seems to be as impodied to what trend believed. So,how the situation reach at this point?This what have our study answer.