اسم المؤلف:
مروة ياسر صيوان
اسم المشرف:
توفيق دواي موسى الحجاج
المستخلص:
Fattouh Samarkand city of dangerous tasks that Arab Muslims were able to achieve in succession Walid bin Abdul Malik bin Marwan, so when he took over the leadership of Koutaiba ibn Muslim and management of Khorasan region, commanded the Emir of Iraq and Mashreq Al Hajjaj bin Yusuf year 86 AH / 705 AD, subjecting areas east of the Amu Darya River, known as AQIM beyond the river after periods Nqdahm previous era, where Qutaiba Baahili record and his army where the greatest victories in the fields of editing and heroism and jihad in order to raise the banner of Islam and its principles and uphold the word of truth and justice in all around the city of Samarkand because I enjoyed this city of an important and dangerous site. Geographers Arabs and Muslims have been counting the gate overlooking the provinces of the Islamic East and the cities through which the Muslims were able to continue their duties for jihadist Fattouh beyond the river and the settlement and stability in its lands Samarkand city has become a large and important cities after serious interaction that occurred between Muslim Arabs and residents of the city natives in the intellectual , social and economic aspects , it took the city respond to the process of the development of civilization , led by the Arabs in the areas of public life , thus becoming the largest city in the Muslim East and the most important in the scientific , cultural, political and economic reconstruction movement. And so it took Samarkand city since then develop Arab and Islamic sophisticated and show the intellectual and religious character emergence of a large number of scientists and scholars and modernists , writers , and at the same time I took Samarkand attracts them a lot of owners of science and knowledge and culture Venctt the movement of Arab and Islamic thought and expanded the areas writing and authoring among people spread across Cruel, science and literature and modern literature in a wonderful city has not softened before.The reason for choosing topic : These large in status, the prestigious WAN and fame he enjoyed Samarkand City in Islamic history that motivated me to study and stand on the historical reality and understanding of geographical and physical nature and the search for its plans since opening until the end of the sixth century of migration.Difficulties that I faced in the preparation of the letter : That to study plans to the city of Samarkand obvious importance in the understanding of the general historical mainstream of the development of the city civilized mystery of intellectual and scientific interaction, the historic The event, which was being above the battleground had an active role in shaping the political and administrative activity of the city, hence the gravity separation between the event and its courtyard looks a is very complicated for the intensity of their interdependence, and research in historical geography of the city of Samarkand is not without difficulty in its construction and its codification, and that the lack of resources that enable us to draw a complete picture of the geography of Samarkand and plans Urban, as well as the scarcity of novels and lack of historical texts and contradictory at times what passed by the city of Samarkand, Especially Persian studies needed for research in historical , geographical and physical things , but pay God 's help we were able to draw a picture of good general framework of this famous city, which has recorded a significant presence among the regions of the Islamic cities in the Muslim Orient.The contents of the letter : My studies were divided on : introduction, four chapters , and a conclusion , with the proven sources and references. The introduction, which systematically has shown in the writing of the letter , and the reasons for choosing the subject, and the scope of research and analysis of the sources.And dealt with in the first chapter naming Transoxiana , geography and administrative division , which is located in two sections : I studied in the first part, geographical and historical aspect of Transoxiana in terms of the label , location, administrative boundaries , demographics , and the second section dealt with naming Samarkand and location and the date of its establishment.The second chapter in which she dealt with the construction and urbanization plans Samarkand , came this chapter in two sections : Section I mention eating plans Samarkand from the walls , and doors , and shops, and fields. In the second section it dealt with the consequences of the city of Samarkand in detail and Rsatiq cities and villages.The third chapter studied the Samarkand agricultural and irrigation plans , and included this chapter two sections : The first study came from Samarkand River plans and types of perfusion in Samarkand , the second topic dealt with the study plans for irrigation projects in Samarkand.The fourth and final chapter touched it to Samarkand own plans its markets , and mosques , and Skkha , and cemeteries. And dividing the three sections , the first section dealt with in the markets , ports and industries in Samarkand plans. In the second part, schools, mosques and scenes Samarkand plans , but in the third section was the widest since the study examined the fascias , and Gorges , and boxes , and rails , and the tombs of Samarkand. The finally fulfilled the hope of acceptance is not flattery , and that my efforts failed , it remained in front of the dignity and greatness of the state of Islam in the Levant , and ask God to fix our feet on the faith and the straight path and him every success.
