Show: 25 50 75 100 Results

Search results: 50 out of 2,959

مقترح بروتوكول توجيه الانترنيت الاشياء بالاعتماد على شبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية == Proposed Routing Protocol For Internet of Things Based On Wireless Sensor Networks

Author name: عمر عبد الستار حماد
Supervisor name: ضياء جاسم كاظم
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The routing protocol designed for Internet of Things (IoT) systems has to be adapted with different applications requirements in order to enhance the performance of IoT applications. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is proposing a routing protocol for wireless sensor network employed to serve IoT systems. A new IoT architecture was proposed with explaining the main functions of each layer forming the proposed architecture. The proposed routing protocol acted according to the tasks specified in this architecture. In addition, an IoT application was proposed to be applicable in some utility organizations. The link quality, node depth and energy were used as metrics to make routing decisions. In this work, different cases were proposed to exhibit the usage of these metrics and show the differences of using each of them, then examine different techniques which deal with link quality and the difference between using node - to - node link quality and end - to - end link quality. Improvements were added to the proposed routing protocol to achieve the perfect integration with suitable Media Access Control (MAC) protocol with taking into consideration the behavior of IoT application. Regarding this orientation, two approaches were suggested; the first includes the proposed routing protocol, application with high data rate and MAC protocol without sleeping capabilities; while the second approach included the proposed routing protocol, application with dynamic data rate and MAC protocol with sleeping capabilities. Comparison with other protocols was essential to show the improvements achieved by this work, thus protocols designed to serve the same purpose such as AODV, REL and LABILE were chosen to compare the proposed routing protocol with. To add integrative and holistic, some of important features such as actuating and mobility were added and tested. These features were greatly required by some of IoT applications and improving the routing protocol to support them made it more suitable for IoT systems. The proposed routing protocol was simulated using Castalia - 3.2 and all proposed approaches were examined to show the enhancement achieved by each approach. The results showed better performance when using end - to - end link quality. The results also showed the effect of MAC protocol if decreasing energy consumption was required. Sleeping MAC was the best choice when used with the proposed routing protocol while reducing the data rate. The proposed routing showed better performance than other protocols did regarding Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and latency. It preserved network reliability since it did not generate routing or data packets needlessly. Routing protocol with added features (actuating and mobility) showed good performance. But that performance was affected by increasing the speed of mobile nodes.

تصميم مسيطر وتحليل مولد حثي ثنائي التغذية مع سرعة الرياح المتغيرة == Controller Design And Analysis of Doubly - Fed Induction Generator With Variable Speed Wind

Author name: سراج منهل حمید
Supervisor name: حسین ثاني رشك
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Wind Energy is one of renewable energy and has become very popular and more attractive, as a result of many factors, some of these factors are, rising oil prices, worldwide awareness of the decline in world oil production, an raise in the price of natural gas. Therefore the need for renewable energy has been very important.This work deals with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind turbine. By studying the performance of DFIG connected to the grid with constant and variable speed wind. Three cases are considered and implemented using Matlab/Simulink. The first case is studied the effect of the size of capacitance at DC - bus with constant wind speed using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) switching frequency 10KHZ and two values of capacitance.The second case is studied the effect of three phase fault condition, at 33KV line.The third case is that when the input is variable speed wind, the simulation results illustrate that is with variable wind speed and conventional values of PI controllers gains the generator system behavior show increasing in rising time and maximum overshoot of generated power, the control circuit is needed for optimization to improve the generated power. This optimization can be made by tuning the controllers parameters with optimal values, so the optimization is made by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The new optimal controllers parameters(PI - PSO) make the system more efficient from the results by reducing the ripple of DC - Voltage and maximum overshoot. And the generated active power get more smooth and rising time has been reduced.

تصميم ترميز تحويل لوبي في القنوات الاسلكية == Design of Luby Transform Code Over Wireless Channel

Author name: نبيل احمد مصدق
Supervisor name: وائل عبد الحسن هادي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ترميز التحويل لوبي) هو نوع من الترميز النافوري يعمل بدون اي معلومات عن القناة. في هذا العمل، تم تصميم LT code)) باستخدام ماتلاب، التصميم يتكون من ثلاثة اجزاء ( Encoder ,Decoder, channel ). في الجزء الخاص بتصميم الـ (Channel ) استخدمنا (( flat fading ch | Luby transform code (LT Code) is a type of fountain codes operating without any information about channel. In this work, LT code design of LT code implemented by using Mat lab as simulation software, our design consists of three parts (encoder, channel and decoder). In the channel design, flat fading channel will be used as a noisy channel to measure the performance of LT code over this type of channels. From the result obtained, SNR improvement by (30dB) at (BER=?10?^( - 4)) compared with data effect by the fading channel without coding with BPSK modulation model under different values of degree of distribution (d). Other type of modulation model (QPSK) used to measure the effect of changing the modulation type on the code performance. From the results obtained, SNR improvement by (31dB) at (BER=?10?^( - 4)) compared with data effect by the fading channel without coding. The degree of distribution (d) is a critical point of design, two types of distribution presented in this work, robust soliton distribution (RSD) and ideal soliton distribution (ISD). (ISD) works poorly in practice, (RSD) is a practical way used to get the degree of distribution in design by adding two extra parameters (c and ? ) which provide the spike element (k/R) in high degree distribution to ensure the continued of decoding process. As a result obtained the value of (c) has a major effect on the spike position on high degree (c=0.15,k/R=10 and c=0.2,k/R=7) with selective value of ?=0.5.The successful decoding probability for two types of degree distribution is very important, the value of successful decoding probability for (ISD) for low number of encoding packets (50 - 100) packet is greater than the value of successful decoding probability for (RSD). In the high number of encoding packets (>150) the value of successful decoding probability for (RSD) is greater than the value of successful decoding probability for (ISD).Encoding time for two type of distribution also discussed in this work, based on the results obtained the encoding packets time when using (RSD) is less than the encoding packets time when using (ISD).

تخمين حالة منظومة الشبكة العراقية استنادا الى تقنية امثلية الحشد الجزيئي == Iraqi Super Grid Network State Estimation Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Techniqu

Author name: انمار جاسم حميد
Supervisor name: افانين انور عبود
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر تخمين حالة منظومات القدرة الكهربائية من الامور المهمة في تشغيل منظومات القدرة وخصوصا في حالة الحمل الزائد على شبكة الطاقة الكهربائية من خلال دوره في ضمان تشغيل اكثر اقتصاديا وامانا. تم في هذا العمل دراسة تخمين حالة منظومة القدرة واقتراح طريقة فعا | Due to the increasing stress on power system networks, state estimation recently became a main matter in the operation of power systems through its important role in ensuring the secure and economical operation of the power system. This work presents a study of a problem of power system state estimation, and proposes an efficient and reliable optimization approach to solve the power system state estimation problem. Two programs have been proposed and implemented in order to overcome the disadvantage of the classical optimization problem and search for the optimal solution of state estimation in power systems, the first program is a conventional state estimation program based on Weighted Least Square (WLS) method, and the second program is an intelligent program based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. All programs have been implemented using MATLAB and have been developed to solve the state estimation problem of the Iraqi Super Grid network (400kV). The proposed programs have been examined and tested on the 14 - bus IEEE and 30 - bus IEEE test standard system. The results were compared with those of the previous published papers. Then, the two programs were applied on the Iraqi Super Grid network (400 kV). The tests proved that the two methods are very efficient and suitable for on - line applications since they are concise and require few computations. The results show that the convergence of the (PSO) technique to the optimal solution is more accurate than (WLS) method. On the other hand, the PSO has an acceptable execution time compared with the freezing time of Iraqi Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system approved by the Iraqi national grid.

تصميم وتنفيذ رادار تضمين التردد ذو الموجة المستمرة لنظام السرعة التكيفي للسيارات == Design And Implementation of Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave Radar For Adaptive Cruise Control of Car Applications

Author name: تمارا زهير فاضل
Supervisor name: منال حمادي جاسم
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The traffic accidents became significantly obsession and concern for all members of society, and has become one of the most important problems that sap physical, human resources and human potential. The researches show that the damaged property and other costs may equal 3% of world’s gross domestic product, which have been required to work in finding solutions and suggestions and put them into practice to reduce these incidents.The insertion of preventive safety applications into the car system can avoid the above mistakes. In this work, a design and implementation of Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar system working at 77GHz for Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) technology is proposed. Using MATLAB R 2013 which is a flexible system to estimate the speed and distance in accordance to vehicle ahead, which reduces the forces on the rate of accidents by warning the driver when two vehicle become too close.Also, the principle of FMCW radar is presented to generate Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (LFMCW) sweep waveform through frequency bands with triangular frequency modulation using Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO), a triangle sweep pattern adopt will resolve ambiguity without Doppler processing. which improves the decision making before hardware implementation.Proteus Professional v8 and Micro C PRO v 6.1 compiler is used for Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) to design a proposed collision warning circuit with PIC16F887 and RS_232 serial port to send data using USART terminal for (short, middle, large) test range.A serial communication interface is used for sending the simulation results from MATLAB FMCW radar system to hardware easy PIC v7 board with PIC16F887 to forward collision warning circuit to alerts the driver of collision risk, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) shows radar status (short, middle, large) in accordance to range between the vehicle that FMCW radar installed and the vehicle ahead.Graphic Liquid Crystal Display (GLCD) shows the car position and road lines. Piezo Buzzer will start singing to alerts the driver from danger road.The simulation design is achieving the desired performance, one parameter warrants further attention. In the FMCW configuration, the sweep time is about 25 microseconds. Therefore, the system needs to sweep a 140 MHz band within a very short period. Such an automotive radar may able to meet the cost requirement.

تقييم اداء الكشف المباشر والمتشاكه في نظام اتصال الليفة الضوئية == Performance Evaluation of Direct And Coherent Detections In Optical Fiber Communication System

Author name: علاء عبد الزهرة جعفر
Supervisor name: علي يوسف فتاح
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تطورت خدمات الاتصالات بشكل متسارع في السنوات القليلة الماضية خصوصا في المسافات بعيدة المدى وبمعدل نقل البيانات بدقة عالية وخسائر قليلة في جميع انحاء العالم. وقدمت تقنيات مختلفة لزيادة سعة الارسال في انظمة اتصالات الالياف الضوئية بواسطة جمع مسارات البيانا | In recent years, there has been an extensive development of optical fiber services. They provide transmission over long distances at a high data rate with few losses all over the world. Different techniques have been introduced to increase the transmission capacity of optical fiber communication systems by a multiplexed high data rate stream into an optical fiber such as Dense Wavelength Division Multiplying (DWDM) technique. Since the deployment of DWDM technique, the focus on introducing large system capacity with high system performance, different detection techniques have been introduced to enhance the system performance with high sensitivity. In this work, two types of detection techniques (direct and coherent detection) have been evaluated and compared with each other. These detection techniques have been evaluated based on several models of encoding format such as Return to Zero - Differential Phase Shift Keying (RZ - DPSK) and Non Return to Zero - Differential Phase Shift Keying (NRZ - DPSK) at 10 Gb/s as a data rate.These systems were first simulated with a single channel to analyze the performance with no Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), Cross Phase Modulation (XPM) and Four Wave Mixing (FWM) effects. Whereby the system of 8×10 Gb/s is simulated at 200 GHz, 100 GHz and 50 GHz as channel spacing. Three types of dispersion compensation schemes are used in the link channel. These systems are simulated using (Optisystem version 10.0) software package. The performance of the designed systems are evaluated through Q.factor verses input power and Bit Error Rate (BER) verses Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).The polarization interleaving is used with the WDM systems to decrease the nonlinear effects and the crosstalk arising among the adjacent channels.The obtained results of the 67% RZ - DPSK arrived to the threshold power at input power less than of the 50% RZ - DPSK, as well as the 50% RZ - DPSK system arrived to maximum Q.factor lower than 33% RZ - DPSK. This is due to the pulse duration of 33% RZ - DPSK is smaller than of 50% and 67% RZ - DPSK.The results show that the coherent detection technique has better performance than the direct detection technique. The coherent detection technique has Q.factor equal to 45, while the direct detection has Q.factor equal to 27 at the same input power ( - 5dBm), while the coherent detection technique arrived to the threshold power at the input power less than of the direct detection technique.The BER of the 33% RZ - DPSK with coherent detection with 10 Gb/s at 300 km as transmission distance achieved ?10?^( - 12.9) at SNR of 10 dB, while for the 33% RZ - DPSK with direct detection is achieved a BER of ?10?^( - 8.8) with SNR of 10 dB.The performance of the proposed systems has been improved extrusivly with increase the space channel, where the performance of the systems at 200 MHz as channel spacing has best performance than 50 MHz as channel spacing.By adapting coherent detection with 33% RZ - DPSK technique of 200 MHz as channel spacing, DWDM system can carry high data rate with long - haul transmission distance.

مراقبة انذار المرضى عن بعد الزمن الحقيقي اعتمادا على الصحة الالكترونية الصحة العنكبوتية الصحة الخلوية وشبكات التحسس اللاسلكية حالات الدراسة موضع منام المريض سكر الدم استجابة الجلد الكلفانية والتخطيط العضلي == Remote Patients Monitoring / Alarming In Real Time Based On E - Health / I - Health / GSM - Health And WSN, (Case Study : PP, BG, GSR And EMG

Author name: علي جاسم رمضان
Supervisor name: سمير جاسم محمد | محمود شاكر نصر
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Patient's health monitoring / diagnosing systems have become the focus of attention of researchers today. At the present time, the researchers are dealing with the E - health fields to develop and improve the healthcare systems and they work to combine the GSM and Internet technologies together.In the presented work, the researcher designed a portable real time wireless medical system for monitoring / diagnosing the patients' status based on E - health / GSM - health / I - health and wireless sensor network (WSN) under ZigBee protocol, and to support alarming and printing of medical reports subsystems.The presented system consists mainly of four subsystems, which are sensing & data transceiver, base station (BS), GSM and Internet. Where sensing & data transceiver subsystems be in the patients' lobbies and connected remotely with the base station (BS) subsystem in the wireless sensor network that collect and display the sensing data in it. Also in the designed system, the GSM and Internet technologies are inserted practically in the network.The implemented system measures the biomedical data utilizing a group of sensors that are not available in the country's hospitals in such integrated system, which are the patient position sensor (PPS), galvanic skin response sensor (GSR), blood glucose sensor (BGS), and electromyography sensor (EMG). Moreover, the system has the ability to add many other sensors.In the proposed system, three nodes (lobbies) are considered according to the facilities available, but it can monitor / diagnose unlimited patients' numbers.The system monitors the sleep position and skin conductance (indicator to patient's calm) of the patients in real time with alarm for each abnormal case in the base station (BS) and in lobbies, and it also follows up the glucose rate in patient's blood and diagnose the electromyography (muscle and nerve) status.The GSM subsystem (GSM - health) is used for remotely following - up the patients' status by sending SMS alarm in time for any abnormal case of the patient's sleep position and skin conductance, also it has ability to send the glucose data to doctor's phone. All these services are performed by using a personal phone device only without using any additional GSM modem or other apparatus, so this method reduces cost, complexity and delay time of the system that's done by interfacing the phone with the PC directly via USB port and the messages sending procedure executed using special SMSs AT commands, so the doctors become able to communicate with BS using SMS or voice calling to give the fast and direct necessary guidance.The Internet subsystem (I - health) is another excellent service for the presented system, by which remotely following - up the glucose levels by uploading the glucose data to a specific web site. It is performed by designing a web site that is programmed using VB.NET and ASP.NET languages. of course, user login feature is added to protect the privacy of patients and feedback comments feature between the doctors and patients to take the important guidance.The system has ability to introduce a printed hard copy report about the patient's electromyography status or result and blood glucose levels, by utilizing VISUAL BASIC program. Moreover, it performs searching process about the active nodes in network, this means that it detects any new node (new patient) and put it in service. In addition, the system records the patient's information and stores his health data for any archiving process or statistical study.The main hardware that is used in the implemented system includes MCUs, sensors and transceivers, and used the LABVIEW program to display the data in its GUI windows in the computer of BS.The system has been implemented practically at low cost and low power, gave expected and accurate results, and presented to the specialists doctors and they have expressed their conviction and effectiveness of the system in practice.

تصميم وبناء هوائي عريضة الشريط باستخدام المواد المسماة مابعد المادة == Design And Implementation of Ultra - Wideband Metamaterial Antenna

Author name: مروه مكي حمد
Supervisor name: طه احمد عليوي | سليمان مرتضى عباس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study focused on designing and analyzing patch antennabased metamaterial with the aid of partial ground plane. High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS) software was used to build and analyze a proposed unit cell of 4×4 mm² and resonant frequency of around 12 GHz. The unit cell was constructed from a patterned patch and ground plane that are connected with via through an FR - 4 substrate. The unit cell performances were studied in terms of S - parameters, effective refractive index, and dispersion properties. And it was found that the metamaterial properties appeared in the frequency band from 11 GHz to 14 GHz, where the unit cell exhibited less than 1 refractive index. A theoretical investigation based on TLM was developed to extract the values of thebasic lumped, RLC, elements network. It was found that the proposed unit cell behave like an unbalanced case of a passive constant k band elimination filter in the mentioned earlier frequency band. A parametric study based on numerical simulation was invoked to arrive to the optimal design through monitoring the effects of adding the MTM structures on the antenna performance. Therefore, this parametric study was optimized to achieve maximum bandwidth with relatively best gain.Finally, the optimal design was fabricated, measured and compared with the numerical results, obtained from Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and HFSS, in term of radiation pattern, S11 spectrum and gain. The experimental results confirmed that the gain of the antenna was 5.8 dBi at 10 GHZ with excellent matching over a wide range of frequencies. Furthermore, acceptable agreement was achieved between measured and simulated results in terms of S11 spectrum and radiation patterns at 10 GHz.

الشبكات المتعلمة الرقمية متعددة الاصناف المحورة لاغراض فحص كريات الدم الحمراء == Modified Multi - Category Digital Learning Network For Red Blood Cell Inspection

Author name: سهاد قاسم غلام حسين حداد
Supervisor name: محمود حمزة المفرجي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Pattern Recognition
  • RAM - based Weightless Neural Network
First pages:
Abstract: A pattern recognition system based on the n - tuple technique is developed and evaluated for use in classifying non - deterministic data with particular reference to medical image. The pattern recognition system presented in this work fulfills the requirements of simplicity and efficiency making it attractive to practical use in present day for industrial and medical environments. It is an effective solution for providing healthcare with reduced cost, especially for the rural areas and far away patients. Ordinary doctors (not specialist in blood diseases), will be able to perform extra - ordinary tasks.In this work Digital Learning Network has been designed for classification of different shapes of abnormal Red Blood Cells. Digital Learning Network is of low cost hardware and implementation, and one shot learning, using networks of RAMs. Many parameters have been investigated in details which affect the recognition rate. These parameters are presented to allow the system to be optimized, giving an increase in the performance of the system. Modification method of Feedback Digital Learning Network, which is an improving process of Digital Learning Network, has been implemented. The obtained results show that high performance (96.6%) can be achieved, providing evidence of the validity of the proposed technique.

اعادة تشكيل واضافة متسعات في قطاع توزيع كهرباء بغداد == Reconfiguration And Capacitor Placement In A Baghdad Distribution Sector

Author name: اديب ناصر حسين
Supervisor name: ثامر محمد عبد الوهاب
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد تخطيط شبكات التوزيع الكهربائية من الاولويات في الوقت الحاضر في العراق نظرا للزيادة الهائلة في الاحمال الكهربائية والتوسعات المفروضة على الشبكات نتيجة التوسع العمراني الكبير والسريع.يتحقق الاداء الامثل للشبكة بتقليل المفاقيد‘ تحسين الجهد (Voltage pr | Planning of electrical distribution networks is considered of highest priority at the present time in Iraq, due to the huge increase in electrical power demand and expansions imposed on distribution networks as a result of the great and rapid urban development. Optimum performance of the electrical network is achieved by reducing losses, improving voltage profile and alleviating overload for the system components. Such operation provides for energy salvage and redundancy in the electrical network. A planning method is proposed in this work to achieve optimum operating conditions of the network by combining the network reconfiguration in conjunction with the insertion of capacitors of optimal sizing and locations. This method is classified as a huge discrete non - linear optimization problem due to the large number of variables along with the presence of constraints and objectives. The power losses and voltages in buses for all cases are obtained by backward/forward load flow method. The proposed planning of distribution networks is based on the powerful and advanced CYMDist software as a tool for the simulation of distribution networks and performing the required analysis. CYMDist is practical and efficient analysis software, which is used by many electrical companies worldwide as well as the Iraqi ministry of electricity.Optimal network reconfiguration and capacitor placement methods are tested on IEEE 33 - bus and IEEE 34 - bus test systems, respectively. The results show excellent matching as compared with previous work mentioned in the literature.The work is implemented on an actual sector from Baghdad city distribution network, which is Al_Bayaa 11kV, 145 bus, four feeders system. The presented results show that minimum active power losses with improved voltage profile had been achieved. So the network can operate normally without any constraints violation.

تصميم هوائي ضوئي يعمل ضمن نطاق تحت الحمراء الترددي باستخدام تقنية البلازمونك == Optical Antenna Design In Ir Range Using Plasmonic Technology

Author name: هادي كريم شمخي
Supervisor name: محمد ناظم عباس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Optical antennas, resonant structures, which efficiently collect free - space light and focus it into a nanoscale volume using plasmonic, are indispensable in the burgeoning field of nanophotonics. In this work, resonance behaviors of the fundamental resonance mode of diabolo gold metal bar optical antennas were investigated. The relationship between the near - field enhancement, absorption, and scattering spectra of localized plasmonic elements was explored. It was found that as the waist of the diabolo gold metal bar optical antenna was reduced, optical energy absorption cross section and near field enhancement at resonance increased significantly. Also reduction of the diabolo waist width caused redshift of the resonant wavelengths in the spectra of absorption cross - section, scattering cross - section, and the near electric field. Oppositely, it was found that as the length of the diabolo gold metal bar optical antenna was reduced, optical energy absorption cross section and near field enhancement at resonance decreases significantly. Also reduction of the diabolo length caused blue - shift of the resonant wavelengths in the spectra of absorption cross - section, scattering cross - section, and the near electric field.Grating surface diabolo antenna design was proposed. It was found that grating superstructure perturbed the optical properties of SPPs (Surface Plasmon polarions) and enabled the control of resonance wavelength of the antenna. The grating reduced the power that flow out from the antenna and enhanced the localized electromagnetic fields intensity. The grating also increased surface plasmon currents because of the formation of bound surface states. As a result, the absorption spectra and near field intensity were enhanced but at the same time, the scattering spectra and the far field pattern were reduced.Titanium - Gold grating surface diabolo antenna was proposed. It was found that titanium metal strengthen the grating perturbation of the optical properties of SPPs and allowed wide range of wavelength shifting (3.5 ?m). Because Gold and Titanium have difference electrical resonance characteristics, less plasmon damping occurred, resulting in lower scattering efficiency and narrower plasmon line widths.Finally, system modelling and simulations is done by using electrical department super computer (24 parallel MP and 64 GB RAM) and COMSOL multiphysics 4.4 software.

تحليل الاضطراب لتوربينة الرياح المربوطة مع منظومة القدرة == Disturbance Analysis of A Wind Turbine Connected With Power System

Author name: احمد نجم عبد الامير
Supervisor name: كنعان علي جلال
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: نظرا لزيادة الطلب على الطاقة في السنوات الاخيرة نتيجة للتوسع السكاني والصناعي ولتقليل التلوث الناتج من الوقود التقليدي والحفاظ على البيئة مما دعت الحاجة الى استخدام مصادر بديلة للطاقة, والتي يجب ان تمتاز بعدة ميزات اهمها انها صديقة للبيئة وغير قابلة للنفا | According to increasing the demand for energy in recent years as a result of the expansion of the population and to reduce pollution from conventional fuels, the need arises to find alternative sources of energy which must be characterized by several features, most important of which is friendly to the environment and sustainable. In this work, the effect of different types of disturbances on the performance of fixed speed of wind turbine generator type Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG) connected to the power system has been investigated, because it has features which make the best choice in some cases, despite the less efficiency compared with other types of generators. Also, this work aims to study and analysis the effect of (STATCOM) on the wind turbine generators because of its advantages in improving voltage stability of the grid and improving the quality of the productive power. The proposed work is performed using MATLAB/Simulink. The intelligent systems have been used to obtain the best performance in terms of extracting more power from wind energy as well as increase the stability of system in situations of disturbances and the results obtained have been compared with conventional control systems.Three types of controllers are proposed in this work; the first controller is the Proportional - Integral (PI) based on classical trial and error method, the second controller is PI - controller based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique for optimal tuning (gain) to improve the performance of the system. The results obtained proved that the PI - controller based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is better than based on trial and error method. The third controller is (Nonlinear Auto regressive - Moving Average) NARMA - L2 based on (PSO). Finally, the results of the proposed controllers show that NARMA - L2 controller is more effective on the stabilization and improves the performance of the system compared with PI - PSO controller

تقييم اداء المسافية بوجود اجهزة FACTS == Distance Protection Performance Evaluation In Presence of Facts Devices

Author name: امير عقيل محمد
Supervisor name: قيس متي الياس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: With limited enhancement or expansion of the transmission infrastructure, the contemporary power systems are operating under more stressed conditions. It becomes important to fully utilize the existing transmission system to supply load demand as much as possible, thus eliminating or reducing the need for new transmission investment. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) technology provides a method to fully utilize the existing transmission lines as well as new and upgraded lines. However, the implementation of FACTS devices in the transmission system has introduced new power system dynamics that must be addressed in the area of power system protection, such as rapid changes in line impedance, line current and voltage. This thesis reports the results of comprehensive study carried out to explore the impact of mainly two of the FACTS devices, Static Synchronous Compensator 'STATCOM' and Unified Power Flow Controller 'UPFC', on the distance protection relaying system in order to identify important issues that protection engineers need to consider, that is during the stages of design and operation of the protection system. Simulation studies are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK. First, the distance relay has been modeled and validated with FACTS device models using test systems from literature. Then the distance relay performance is analyzed and evaluated for various fault and loading conditions in the presence of FACTS devices. A comprehensive study and results for one of the Iraqi 400kV transmission lines (KDS4 - NSRP transmission line) are presented and useful recommendations can be presented to the General Directorate of electrical Power Transmission for Middle Euphrates region / Iraqi Ministry of Electricity. II Abstract Generally, the results show that the apparent impedance seen by the distance relay would be different from that of the system without FACTS devices. Due to this, the distance relay may malfunction, resulting in undependable operation of the power system protection during faults. Furthermore, the results show clearly the dependency of the distance relay operation on many design and operational factors. These include the FACTS device type and its use purpose, the FACTS device connection point or location, the fault type and fault point location along the line, the power flow,...etc.

تبؤ الاحمال الكهربائية للشبكة العراقية للمدة القصيرة باعتماد نظام المنطق الضبابي == Short - Term Electrical Load Forecasting For Iraqi Power System Based On Fuzzy Logic System

Author name: هدى منهي عبد العباس
Supervisor name: Firas Mohammed Tuaimah
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Load forecasting is used by participants in electric energy generation, transmission, distribution, and marketing for a variety of decision - making processes, such as economic dispatch, unit commitment, hydro - thermal coordination, transaction evaluation, and expansion planning. However, the need for accurate forecasts has intensified in the last decade due to the energy industry deregulation. Taking this into account as well as the rapid fluctuations in demand and abrupt changes in weather condition, access to reliable models for accurate forecast of load demand is essential. Due to the need for accurate load forecasts, numerous statistical and artificial intelligence methods have been proposed for the short - term load forecasting problem.In this study, the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method, which is one of the statistical methods, and an Interval Type - 2 Takagi - Sugeno - Kang Fuzzy Logic System (IT - 2 TSK FLS), which is one of the artificial methods and an extension of the conventional fuzzy logic system, were applied. Developed models were trained using the genetic algorithm. With the purpose of an objective assessment, the available dataset was split into training samples (80%, ????????????) and test samples (20%, ??????????). The training data used in this study covered the period from January 1, 2012 to February 1, 2012 for winter season and the period from July 1, 2012 to August 1, 2012 for summer season. The actual load forecasting period started from January 22, till 28, 2012 for winter model and from July 22 till 28, 2012 for summer model.This work suggested two models; the first model was for hourly (24 hour) load forecasting for one day ahead and the second model was for one week ahead in hourly forecasting (from one until 168 hour). For each model, winter and summer seasons were presented. The Main average percentage error (MAPE) term is an index that provides information about the bias of the model and how close forecasts or predictions are to the eventual outcomes. Experiments conducted with real datasets for the Iraqi power system showed that IT2 TSK FLS models precisely approximated future load demands with an acceptable accuracy.The real data for Iraqi power system were taken from Iraqi Operation and Control Office which belongs to the Ministry of Electricity.A computer program, written in MATLAB programming languages, was developed to represent the proposed method.

تحسين تخطيط المسار للروبوتات المتنقلة والمستقلة بالحركة باستخدام خوارزميات الامثلية القائمة على مبدا التجمعات == Improvement of Path Planning For Autonomous Mobile Robots Using Population - Based Optimization Algorithms

Author name: فرح مهدي علي
Supervisor name: نزار هادي عباس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Autonomous mobile robots are used in various applications such as dangerous regions. These applications demand robust and adaptable methods for path planning.Path planning optimization problem is a fundamental problem for robot navigation; its purpose is to find a collision - free path from the initial position to a target position. Many real - world optimization problems have become increasingly large, complex and dynamic, which require the development of methods and solutions whose efficiency ismeasured by their ability to find acceptable results within a reasonable amount of time.The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) algorithms are used for solving hard optimization problems, including path planning. BFO algorithm is a simple and powerful searching technique. On the other hand, Artificial Potential Field (APF) as a real time obstacle avoidance method is quite simple in theory, but it is easy to bring local minimum problem and failing to find a path in the narrow channel. Therefore, a method for hybridizing APF with BFO is introduced to make use of both methods' advantages. This thesis presents efficient and reliable four optimization algorithms to solve the path planning problem. The first two algorithms are developed based on ABC algorithm as global path planning; they specifically are modified version of ABC algorithm called Directed ABC (DABC) algorithm and a new fitness function added to ABC algorithm named Minimum Angles (MAABC) algorithm was developed. The other two algorithms were proposed based on BFO and APF algorithms as local path planning; they were namely improved versions of BFO algorithm with adaptive step size (ASBFO) algorithm and a proposed version of BFO algorithm with an adaptive tumble (ATBFO) algorithm.The developed algorithms were simulated using MATLAB R2011b package. The simulation results showed that these algorithms could find the shortest paths for even crowded environments. Moreover, these algorithmswere compared with other researchers’ work to evaluate their performance. Additionally, a comparison was made between the executing time of the proposed local path planning algorithms (ASBFO and ATBFO algorithms) and the real tracked military robot (e.g., Talon) to verify the capability of the proposed methods. Both algorithms achieved fast run time, approximately three times faster than Talon for complex environment, which made them practically efficient.

تجزئة الحزمة لالغاء الضوضاء المتكيف في تنقية الاشارة الكلامية == Subband Decomposition For Adaptive Noise Cancellation In Speech Enhancement

Author name: حوراء فاضل عبيد
Supervisor name: منال جميل الكندي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electronic And Communications Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Nowadays speech processing methods are usually implemented in the time or frequency domain. Filter bank can be considered as a divide and conquer approach within signal processing, since large problems are sub - divided into many smaller problems. While filter banks are essential components of speech processing, and in signal processing in general, they will have the focus in present days. An adaptive filter is a filter that self adjusts its transfer function according to its optimizing algorithms. Least mean square algorithm has slow convergence when used with nonstationary signals like speech and it has high computational cost but normalization of step size (or input signal) leads to a useful variant of the LMS algorithm known as the normalized LMS (NLMS) algorithm, which gives better convergence characteristics than the LMS because it uses a variable step - size with respect to the input signal power.To improve the convergence rate and/or computational complexity and also to overcome the disadvantage of a full band adaptive filtering, a structure is illustrated that is subband adaptive filtering; this will converge faster at a lower computational cost for speech and white noise inputs.This research shows most types of subband decomposition structures and makes comparison among them based on their performance to cancel the noise with minimum computational complexity, maximum convergence speed and maximum noise cancellation with lowest delay.Moreover three new hybrid tree configurations or the tree decom - position are proposed to maximize the overall performance of adaptive noisecancellation system.They are given the abbreviations HTPSAF1,HTPSAF2 and HTPSAF3. These three systems use polyphase filter bank that has showed a noticeable increase in the convergence speed and large reduction in the computational complexity due to the lower number of coefficients that can be achieved for the analysis/synthesis filters, which in turn will result in minimum delay in the reconstructed output speech signal.The algorithm of subband decomposition structures has been described theoretically then modeled under MATLAB simulation program using built - in filters and real input signals.

تصميم وتنفيذ منظومة مقاييس متوزعة ذكية == Design And Implementation of A Smart Distributed Metering System

Author name: مهند غازي خميس
Supervisor name: عدي عبد اللطيف عبد الرضا
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This work is concerned with designing and implementing a smart energy metering system that consists of two smart energy meters and a billing center. The designed smart energy meter is a single phase meter in which the amount of consumed energy is calculated using PIC18F45K22 (which is a Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC)) and utilizing ACS758 (which is a Hall - effect based liner current sensor Integrated Circuit (IC)).The amount of consumed energy is sent to the billing center (which is implemented by using a laptop) for issuing the bills. The billing center receives the consumption data and sends the switching commands by utilizing an external communication technology. After comparing various communication technologies, ZigBee is chosen for this work.Two smart energy meters are implemented to test various communication conditions, such as multi - hopping. The design of the two smart energy meters differ only in the ZigBee addresses in the network.The program for the PIC's in the smart meters is written with MikroC PRO V6.0.1, while the program for the laptop in the billing center is written with Visual BASIC 6.

تحسين استقرارية منظومة الشبكة العراقية (kV 400) باستعمال افضل جهاز من اجهزة ال FACTS == Stability Improvement of The (400kV) Iraqi Grid Using The Best FACTS Device

Author name: شيماء شكري عبد الحليم
Supervisor name: رشيد حميد الربيعي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر نظام القدره الكهربائيه من الانظمه الضخمه والمعقده لاحتوائها على عدد كبير من محطات التوليد وخطوط النقل واجهزة السيطرة لذلك فانه يخضع الى تغيرات مفاجئه في مستويات الحمل، حيث اصبح من الصعب جدا الحفاظ على نظام مستقرمع التغيرات التي يشهدها النظام, لذلك | Electrical power system has become large and complicated so it is susceptible to sudden changes in load levels. Stability is an important concept which determines the stable operation of power system.The modern trend is to employ Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices in the system for effective utilization of transmission resources. The FACTS devices contribute to power flow improvement besides they extend their services in transient stability improvement as well, study and analyze the stability of system through rotor angle and voltage. The objective of this work is to improve the transient stability of the Iraqi National Super Grid System (INSGS) by using best FACTS device in different optimal locations under fault conditions. Two test systems are studied, the first system is IEEE 9 - bus test system, and the second system is the Iraqi (400 kV) electrical network 24 - bus bars, three phase to ground fault, temporary fault and permanent fault are tested. The load flow program was implemented using Newton - Raphson method and the numerical solutions of non - linear differential equations are solved using Trapezoidal method. The programs that are used in this work are implemented using MATLAB 7.12.0(R2011a) package based on Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT version 2.1.6)software.copyright © 2002 - 2010 by Federico Milano as Graphical User Interface. A comparison has been made between five types of FACTS (UPFC, SSSC, TCSC, SVC, STATCOM) at optimal locations of the Iraqi grid and 9 - bus test system to get optimal FACTS devices by (voltage stability and rotor angle stability). The results obtained show that Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is an optimal device for improvement the stability by damping the voltage and rotor angle oscillations.

التشوه بالتوافقيات في اشارات التدفق للمتحسس السعوي الحيزي المثبت خارجيا == Harmonic Distortion In The Flow Signals of Externally Mounted Capacitive Spatial Filter

Author name: مروه مالك حسوني
Supervisor name: عباس احمد الشالجي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electronic And Communications Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis investigates the performance of some windows on the flow signals that are generated from the planar capacitance spatial filter (PCSF) according to the moving of the solid particle in the channel of the filter. The sensor that operates as non - invasive device for solid flow measurement utilizes the thin wall of a dielectric pipe section as a shielding layer to protect the sensor from erosion, rust and moisture, and to make it more versatile.The finite - difference model equations are solved using successive over relaxation (SOR) methods. The waveforms show that the response of the PCSF is spatially - biased towards particle flowing closer to the plane of sensing electrodes and that the resulting flow signal is non - sinusoidal. The SOR method that is used to compute the PCSF potential fields has been investigated using a mesh of 110 by 32 nodes, and the algorithm was programmed in MATLAB (Release 2013a) using an Intel core ™ i3 PC,CPU processor.To study the effect of the total harmonic distortion (THD) content on the flow signals that are calculated with respect to the fundamental frequency of the power spectrum density through a specific quantitative criterion, this work comprises a comparative study among three types of windows; Hanning, Hamming, and a subOptimal window called the Kaiser window.The effect of particle flying heights, relative permittivity and size on the THD of the flow signal were examined. It was found that theTHD of flow signals at heights closer to the plane of sensing electrodes is high and decreasing gradualy when the particle flying height is far above the sensor. All the three windows used in this work have better suppression of harmonics distortion as compared with unwindowed (raw) flow signal.

تمثيل وتنفيذ العاكس ثلاثي الطور رباعي السيقان بواسطة طريقة المتجه الفضائي بتضمين عرض النبضة == Modeling And Implementation of Space Vector PWM Four - Leg Three Phase Inverter

Author name: لؤي كمال عبد القادر
Supervisor name: فاضل عباس مهدي القرملي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The thesis considers a three - phase four - leg inverter, which is used to supply unequal loads without using a transformer. In the literatures, a three - dimensional modulation technique, requiring complex mathematical algorithms were proposed for this kind of inverter. In this research a different approaches are discussed through two kinds of controller; first type is based on the separation control method of the fourth - leg of the inverter from the other phases for one type for modulation. This research applied to the three - phase inverter of the traditional SVM techniques avoiding the employment of complex procedures. The voltage modulation method based on a triangular carrier waveform for the three - phase four - leg voltage source converter. The four - leg converter can produce three - phase output voltages independently from the additional forth - leg. The proposed modulation method for the four - leg inverter is implemented with a single carrier by a simple useful “offset voltage” concept. The second type is equivalent to the so - called three - dimensional space vector PWM method, but its implementation is much easier. The simultaneously synthesized equations of the maximum magnitude of unbalanced three - phase voltage.The feasibility of the proposed modulation technique types verified by computer simulation and experimental results. These results show that both types of “Carrier - Based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique” and “Three Dimensional Space Vector Modulation Technique” are easier implemented than conventional type by using microcontroller component (PIC16F874A/877A) instead of digital components (DSP & FPGA). So this thesis offers a prototype for this circuit with low cost and low harmonics, but with more complex control circuit.

تحليل الاتصال بين القمر الصناعي والطائرة باستخدام نموذج تعقب الشعاع == Analysis of Satellite - To - Aircraft Communications Using Ray Tracing Model

Author name: علي محمد علي
Supervisor name: جابر سلمان عزيز
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electronic And Communications Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: While the aircraft flying above the earth surface, the signal transmitted from the satellite to the aircraft suffered from changes in it's characteristics at the aircraft receiver's antenna according to many factors affecting the direct and reflected power from the earth surface such as the distance difference, the nature of the earth surface, elevation angle, Doppler shift, etc… This Thesis introduces a proposed algorithm to analyze and simulate the communication link between the Satellite and the aircraft taking into account all the parameters that affect the magnitude of the power and signal characteristics received at the aircraft antenna. The proposed method uses the ray - tracing technique in this simulation to analyze the communication link between the Satellite and aircraft. The simulation developed in this thesis has minimized the error percentage as much as possible taking into account most of the factors that might affect the characteristics of the signal received by the aircraft from the satellite. This simulation considers the free space loss, specular reflection losses, scattering factor, earth curvature effect, etc…,also the simulation takes into account the Doppler effect that caused by the aircraft movements. The simulation measures the received signal strength and fading characteristics of satellite to aircraft communication to determine the effectiveness of communication and to establish parameters which can be useful to the communication system designer in Iraq and the rest of the world. MATLAB® v6.5 used in the simulation as application software, the simulation also applied to MATLAB® v7.0.

تحليل المسار النازل لنظام الاتصال اللاسلكي التكيفي المتعدد المداخل والمخارج والمستخدمين == Analysis of Adaptive Downlink Multiuser Mimo Wireless Communication System

Author name: عمر جبار ابراهیم
Supervisor name: رعد سامي فياض
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electronic And Communications Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Multiple - input multiple - output (MIMO) wireless communication systems have received significant attention due to their enormous channel capacity potential in rich scattering environment. Such systems need to consider multiuser transmission / reception in their design. This thesis investigates theoretically the ergodic capacity of multiuser MIMO systems operating with adaptive techniques to enhance their performance. The ergodic capacity of multiuser MIMO system is analyzed and simulated for three types of channels : additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, uncorrelated Rayleigh fading (URF) channel, and semicorrelated Rayleigh fading (SRF) channel. The downlink SRF channel for each user is modeled by assuming that the fading is correlated at the transmitter but uncorrelated at the receiver side. The simulation results are compared to those related to a single - user system and used as a guideline to present an adaptivetechnique to enhance the capacity of MIMO system operating in SRF channel. The adaptive technique is based on a tradeoff between time division multiple access (TDMA) and block diagonalization (BD).Simulation results are presented using MATLAB environment to address the dependence of ergodic capacity of a MIMO communication on various system and channel parameters. The results indicate clearly that the threshold level of angle between users ? employed in the adaptive system must be chosen carefully to maximize the ergodic capacity. The optimum threshold ?th is equal to 24°, 42° and 47°, for angle spread ? = 5°, 50° and 75°, respectively

طرائق الكشف للتضمين الترددي المتعامد للرابط النازل في نظام تطور طويل الامد (LTE) == Detection Methods For Ofdm Downlink In Long Term Evolution (LTE) System

Author name: اكرم جبار عبد الحسين حسن
Supervisor name: يمان اسماعيل مجيد
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: GPP3 التطور على المدى الطويل (LTE) هو تقنية الجيل الرابع اللاسلكية ذات النطاق العريض. هدفه الرئيسي هو تعزيز الكفاءة الطيفية باستخدام تقنيات التضمين الترددي المتعامد بالتقسيم (OFDM). ومع ذلك، ياتي هذا التحسن في الاداء بزيادة التعقيد الحسابي في اجهزة الاستق | 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the fourth generation mobile wireless broadband technology. Its key objective is to enhanced spectral efficiency by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. However, this performance improvement comes at the cost of increased computational complexity in the receiver. The goal of this work is to introduce a detection method that gives a better performance with reasonable computational complexity for LTE mobile communication system. An approximated linear baseband model for the two modulation techniques used by the LTE system (which is the Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and sixteen - level Amplitude Modulation (16 - QAM)) have been derived. Three receivers have been simulated and tested. The three receivers use Least Square (LS) channel estimator. These receivers uses channel compensator, decision feedback equalizer and perturbation algorithm. The LTE communication system has been simulated using MATLAB®7 programming language. The results of the computer simulation show that the perturbation algorithm gives an enhancement in the receiver performance of about 2 dB in different mobile channels than decision feedback equalizer and about 5 dB than channel compensator at the 10 - 3 of BER.

بناء خوارزمية تزامن لانظمة (OFDM) باستخدام معالجة الاشارة الرقمية == Dsp - Based Synchronization Algorithm Implementation For OFDM System

Author name: رائد ستار جبر
Supervisor name: محمود عبد القادر عبد الستار
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعدد الارسال للتردد بالتقسيم المتعامد (OFDM) هو مفتاح تمكين التكنولوجيا لمعظم انظمة الاتصالات اللاسلكية الحالية ذات معدل نقل البيانات العالي. والميزة الرئيسية للـ (OFDM) مقارنة بالطرق التقليدية هو انه يحول القناة ذات النطاق العريض الى قنوات فرعية ضيقة متو | Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the key enabling technology for most current high data - rate wireless communication systems. The primary advantage of OFDM over conventional schemes is that it converts a wideband channel into parallel narrowband sub - channels allowing relatively simple channel estimation and frequency domain equalization. It is as an effective technique for coping with channel impairments like multipath propagation and Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) by making use of an appropriate cyclic prefix. One of the major drawbacks of OFDM is that it is more sensitive to synchronization errors than its single carrier counterparts. This thesis describes a real - time implementation of a timing and frequency synchronization for OFDM system using MATLAB software Simulink, DSP processor TMS320C6713 and Code Composer Studio (CCS). The hardware interface converts the baseband signal from the PC to the DSP Processor. Basic transmission and reception performances are evaluated in real time using Real Time data Transfer (RTDX). The practical results and performance evaluation of the synchronization algorithms in OFDM system is presented and discussed. The results are plotted for different offsets of CFO and STO with different values of signal to noise ratio. Also the bit error rate (BER) and the mean square error (MSE) of the system is analyzed. The results show that the time offset more effect than frequency offset because of ISI and ICI occurs when time offset occur in the system. The synchronization algorithm is found to be robust for both CFO and STO simultaneously. It can handle offset of about CFO = 500 Hz and STO = 14 samples simultaneously without wasting extra bandwidth. This algorithm used for synchronization more robust for 16QAM compared with 4QAM modulation.

التركيب السليكوني النانوي في الخلايا الشمسية == Nanostructured Silicon Based On Solar Cells

Author name: نور احمد سلمان
Supervisor name: ثائرة زكريا الطيار
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر الخلايا الشمسية تكنولوجيا واعدة وقابلة للتجديد حيث ازداد الطلب عليها نتيجة لزيادة الاهتمام بالطاقة الكهروضوئية. ان التحسين المستمر لكفاءة الخلايا الشمسية بايجاد التقنيات والمفاهيم الجديدة يجب ان يمتد على نحو متزايد باعتبارها واحدة من اهم مصادر الط | The demand for solar cells has been growing rapidly with an increasing social interest in photovoltaic energy. The improvement of energy conversion efficiency of solar cells is performed by developing the technology and concepts that have been increasingly extended as one of the key components in our future global energy supplement. But, the main problem of photovoltaic modules are their rather high production and energy cost. Three generations of solar cell technologies have been established in the previous century.Nanostructured silicon substrates based on p - type crystalline Silicon (c - Si) have been prepared in this work. Electrochemical Etching (ECE) of the Silicon (Si) wafers in Hydrofluoric (HF) acid was employed to synthesize porous layers consisting of silicon nanostructures. The process was carried out at different etching time and different current densities which are considered as effective parameters in ECE process. It is found that a homogeneous porous layer could be obtained with porosity value of (87%) when the current density is (60 mA/ cm2) and the etching time of (10 min). Among the Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) materials available, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) films show promising electrical and optical properties in combination with low cost alternatives. It can function as Anti - Reflecting Coating (ARC), window material, transparent electrode and active layer in heterojunction solar cells. n - type ZnO thin films are grown on p - type nanostructured silicon substrates by using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique with Q - switching Nd : YAG laser beam Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) [?=(532 nm), number of pulses (140) pulses, and laser energy (820 mJ)], vacuum of (10 - 3 Torr), ambient oxygen pressure of (10 - 1 Torr), and substrate temperature of (400 °C). The morphological, optical, chemical and structural properties were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Ultraviolet - Visible (UV - VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X?Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively.Surface morphology and optical properties results show densely packed highly crystalline growth of ZnO thin film on nanostructured silicon substrate grown at optimum condition with an average grain size around (88.57 nm). The average roughness, root mean square, and ten - point height estimated from AFM quantitative analysis, are found to be (3.02 nm), (3.62 nm), and (8.76nm) respectively. The thickness is calculated and found to be (100 nm). The film shows high transparency (above 80%) and the estimated Energy - gap (Eg) is found to be about (3.4 eV). This is important for its applications as transparent conductive films and solar cell windows. The chemical and structural properties results characterize ZnO at (420 cm - 1) and (766 cm - 1) absorption bands respectively and the thin film is polycrystalline with hexagonal Wurtzite structure.

محاكاة GSM/EDGE وGSM لنظام الاتصالات المتنقلة == Simulation of GSM And GSM/EDGE Mobile Communication Systems

Author name: اسامة علي عبد الله
Supervisor name: رعد سامي فياض
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electronic And Communications Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The introduction of global system for mobile communication (GSM) air interface has undoubtedly created a new area in telecommunications. In view of its extensive use in real world applications, it is highly desirable to further investigate the performance of the GSM system under different operating conditions and environments. Furthermore, there is increasing interest in using high - level modulation to provide enhanced data rate for GSM evolution (EDGE).This thesis investigates the performance of both GSM and GSM/EDGE systems operating in Raleigh fading channel. The results are reported for different models of fading channel in order to describe various environments. A detailed SIMULINK model is developed in MATLAB environment to simulate the GSM system. Furthermore, a MATLAB software package is developed to simulate extensively the EDGE system. Both simulation models are handled to characterize each essential part in these systems. The simulation takes into account channel coding, modulation type, interleaving and burst building, multipath channel effect, channel estimation, and detection process.The simulation results indicate clearly that to achieve a bit error rate (BER) of 1x10P - 5 P in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, the signal - to - noise (SNR) ratio should be 5.25, 3.75 and 12.25 dB when GSM, MCS - 1 EDGE (GMSK modulation), and MCS - 7 EDGE (3?/8 - 8PSK modulation) systems are used , respectively. These values are to be compared with R12R.43, R1R0.21 and R2R1.05 dB, respectively, for HT100 - type fading channel. The MSC - 1 system offers the best BER characteristics followed by GSM system. The MCS - 7 offers the worst BER characteristics among the three systems.

تصميم وتنفيذ ذراع الي موجه عن طريق اشارة تخطيط العضلات باستخدام المتحكم الدقيق == Design And Implementation of A Robot Arm Driven By EMG Signal Based On Microcontroller Unit

Author name: انس عبد الحميد كاظم
Supervisor name: خالدة شعبان رجب
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر اشارة (EMG) هي الاشارة المكتشفة على سطح الجلد فوق العضلة والمتولدة من مصدر المجال الكهريائي عند التقلص العضلي. الاشارة العضلية بصورة رئيسية في مجالين : تشخيص الخلل العضلي واشارة تحكم لسياقة ذراع الي، يستخدم الذراع الالي المساق بواسطة الاشارة العضلي | Electromyogram (EMG) is a signal detected on the skin above a muscle and generated by sources of electric field within the muscle during contraction. EMG signal is used mainly in two fields; Muscle disorder diagnostic and control signal for driving robotic arm. The robot arm driven by EMG is used as a remote control in hazard places or as prosthesis part for limbs of disabled. The first part presents placing array of EMG electrode on two muscles and measure the EMG signal, design acquisition circuit to optimize the EMG signal for two muscles; hardware circuit that designed will eliminate the noise resulting from cable, electrodes, 50Hz and aliasing. In order to monitor and record EMG signal, Data Acquisition System (DAQ) is designed for this purpose using Arduino platform, which gives the ability to deal with signal. The real time signal was taken from three persons with different weights and ages. The second part includes a proposed design of digital filter with windowing and applying to real time signal to compare the results for many times of orders and types of windowing in order to meet the best criteria. The FIR filter with 8th order will be chosen as digital filter with Hann windowing that is apply to eliminate the EMG noise that is caused from many sources and results optimum EMG signal that is used to control robot arm, implementing digital filter characteristic into dsPIC30F4013 which it signal processing microcontroller and using the filtered signal to control the robot arm by interfacing with DC driver to drive robotic arm with two degrees of freedom (2 - DOF). Also, this part includes the technique which simulates the results using MATLAB 2011a to control the movements of the robotic arm. Micro C for dsPIC© is used to write C code for FIR digital filter and loops with control algorithm to enable the controlling robot arm.

تقليل التاثيرات اللاخطية في منظومات التقسيم المتعدد للطول الموجي العالية الكثافة == Mitigation of Fiber Nonlinearity Effects In Ultra High - Dence WDM System

Author name: سيف حسام عبد الواحد
Supervisor name: علي يوسف فتاح
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The optical signal is severely degraded when transmitted in the fiber due to both the linear and nonlinear distortions. It is well known that, the linear distortions in single mode fiber include chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization - mode dispersion (PMD) while self - phase modulation (SPM), cross phase modulation (XPM) and four - wave mixing (FWM) are considered the most among nonlinear distortions. To deal with the nonlinear impairments, a number of techniques, such as electronic equalization, pre - coding, digital back - propagation(BP), pre - chirping, optical phase conjugation (OPC) and nonlinearity management, are developed and improved. In the present work, a method called Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT) has been applied to mitigate fiber nonlinearity impairments. The Fractional Fourier Transform is a time - frequency distribution and an extension of the classical Fourier transform. Time domain FRFT can be implemented by using time lens according to the optical time - space duality theory. The modulated optical pulses will be pre - distorted by an FRFT module before being launched into fiber links. In this work, 10 Gb/s optical fiber system with five spans, each of length 60 Km, for three types of modulation formats (Return - to - Zero Differential Phase Shift Keying (RZ - DPSK), Return - to - Zero Differential Quaternary Phase Shift Keying (RZ - DQPSK) and Carrier - Suppressed Return - to - Zero (CSRZ)), single and multi - channel transmission systems are designed and simulated using “OptiSystem (2011) version 10.0” software package. In order to analyze the transmission performance of the simulated systems without and with FRFT, a set of eye diagrams, optical spectrum visualizers, Q - factor versus input power and Bite Error Rate (BER) versus Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) curves are presented to evaluate the influence of FRFTon the system performance. For CSRZ modulation format the Q - factor for single channel system at 0 dBm (input power) was 43.5 without FRFT and 78 with FRFT. The BER of sixteen channel system (channel No.8) at bit rate 10 Gb/s per channel, 300 Km link length of CSRZ modulation format with channel spacing of 50 GHz at SNR 10 dB without FRFT is 10 - 4.8 and 10 - 7.4 with FRFT. The BER of thirty two channel system (channel No.16) at bit rate 10 Gb/s per channel, 300 Km link length of CSRZ modulation format with channel spacing of 50 GHz at SNR 10 dB without FRFT is 10 - 4.6 and 10 - 6.4 with FRFT. The BER of thirty two channel system (channel No.16) at bit rate 10 Gb/s per channel, 300 Km link length of CSRZ modulation format with channel spacing of 25 GHz at SNR 10 dB without FRFT is 10 - 2.56 and 10 - 3.24 with FRFT.

تاثير اللاخطية في الالياف البصرية على اداء نظام تجميع الاطوال الموجية الضوئية المنقسمة باستخدام تقنية الاستقطاب المزدوج لتقسيمات التردد المتعامد الضوئي == Effect of Fiber Nonlinearity On The Performance of WDM Optical Systems Using Dual Polarization CO - OFDM Technique

Author name: بشار مظفر احمد
Supervisor name: رعد سامي فياض
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electronic And Communications Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The implemented existing high capacity optical networks are based on 50 GHz wavelength - division multiplexing (WDM) channel spacing and carry up to 50 Gb/s data rate per channel. In recent years, there is increasing interest in using dual - polarization (DP) technique to enable future systems with at least 100 Gb/s rate per channel to operate over existing optical networks. The performance of these advanced systems can be enhanced further by using coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO - OFDM) technique which offers high spectral efficiency and outstanding tolerance of fiber dispersion.This thesis addresses the effect of fiber nonlinear optics on the performance of dual polarization CO - OFDM/WDM system operating with 100 Gb/s per channel. Different modulation formats, namely BPSK, QPSK and 16 - QAM, are used. First, the performance of a single - channel system is investigated in the absence and presence of fiber nonlinearity. The results are compared with those of a conventional (single - polarization) system to identify the key role played by the DP technique. The investigation is then extended to WDM systems incorporating DP - OFDM technique. The results reveal that the effect of fiber nonlinearity can be reduced or cancelled by using optimum transmitter laser power Popt. Further, the value of Popt is a function of transmission distance,number of multiplexed channels, and modulation formats. Popt of - 11, - 12, and - 5 dBm is needed for a ten - channel DP system operating with BPSK, QPSK, and 16 - QAM formats, respectively.Simulation results presented in this thesis are obtained using OptiSystem (version 11.1) which is a commercial software package.

الموقع الامثل للمعوض التزامني الثابث لشبكة الضغط الفائق العراقية باستخدام الخوارزمية الجينية == Optimal Location of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) For Iraqi National (400kV) Super High Voltage Grid Using Genetic Algorithm

Author name: حسن علي عبد المجيد سلبي البياتي
Supervisor name: Firas Mohammed Tuaimah
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Transmission networks of modern power systems are becoming increasingly stressed because of the growing demand and restrictions on constructions new lines. One of the consequences of such a stressed system is the threat of losing stability following adisturbance. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices are found to be very effective in a transmission network for better utilization of its existing facilities without sacrificing the desired stability margin.The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is a shunt device which employs one of the latest technologies of FACTS and power electronic switching devices in electric power transmission systems to control the voltage and power flow. The STATCOMregulates the voltage at its terminal by controlling the amount of reactive power injected into or absorbed from the power system.Whilst the Iraqi National (400 kV) Super High Voltage Grid System suffers from voltage stability problems because of the high variation in the reactive power conditions all over the year seasons. Therefore, this thesis proposed an application of the STATCOM devices to maintain the voltages within the specified limits and enhancing voltage stability for all seasons in the year, as well as reducing the apparent power losses. And in order to reduce therequired installation cost of the STATCOM devices, this performance has been done by using minimum possible size of the reactive power injected or absorbed by the STATCOM devices, while satisfying the stability limits.The benefit of the STATCOM devices depends greatly on how these devices can be placed in the system. The general problem focused in this thesis was how to optimally determine the locations and the sizes of the STATCOM devices that to be installed. For thatreason, it was decided to follow an optimization approach such as a Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is one of the heuristic methods to find the optimum location and the value of installed STATCOM devices.The Newton - Raphson load flow method, with the proposed approach has been examined and tested first on the 5 - bus IEEE test system; the results obtained encouraged us to implement the same approach on the 27 - bus Iraqi National (400kV) SHV Grid System.The real data for Iraqi network have been taken from Iraqi National Control Center (INCC), in the Ministry of Electricity.computer program, written in MatLab environment, was developed to represent the proposed method.

خوارزمية جديدة لنظام اخفاء المعلومات == New Algorithm For A Steganography System

Author name: مروة جليل محسن
Supervisor name: اثير علاء صبري
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis presents a new steganographic algorithm for embedding encrypted secret image in grayscale and color images to provide high level security of data for communication over unsecured channels.The proposed algorithm combine the features of Cryptography and Steganography. The hidden secret message capacity, stego - image quality and security are three important conditions for data hiding technology. According to these requirements, an effective security protection with high hiding capacity steganographic algorithms are proposed based on frequency domain of the cover and the secret image.The proposed algorithm first analyzes the secret image into its frequency components using Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) , Wavelet packet transform(WPT) , Multiwavelet transform(MWT) , and slantlet transform(SLT) , respectively. Then the low frequencycomponent of the secret image is encrypted using Advanced encrypted standard (AES) method and then embedded in the insensitive mid and high sub - bands obtained from the cover image after applying these transformations (mentioned earlier) on it. The embedding method used in this thesis is LSB (Least significant bit ) method. The resulting stego image from different algorithms are then compared..The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been estimated by computing Mean square error (MSE) ,signal to noise ratio (SNR), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the capacity.The best algorithm is obtained by using 2level - DWT for cover image and 1level - DWT or WPT for secret image because the capacity of the hidden secret data and stego image quality are improved. The embedding image reaches to half the size of cover image at same time PSNR reach to 62 dB and MSE about 0.036 and this is better than many other existence algorithms.By both objective and subjective observations, the resultant stegoimage that will be transmitted does not draw any suspicion, so the main goal of steganography is achieved..The language used for testing the algorithms is MATLAB R2013a, with a computer of the following specification ; Processor : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 CPU M430 @ 2.27GHz and RAM - 3GBytes.

اخفاء العلامة المائية الرقمية باستخدام تحويل الموجيات ذات عامل جودة قابل للتعديل == Digital Watermarking Based On Tunable Q - Wavelet Transform

Author name: هاجر احمد ابراهيم
Supervisor name: اثير علاء صبري
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لقد دخلنا عصر حيث المعدات غير المكلفة متوفرة ويمكن من خلالها انتاج نسخ كاملة من المواد المتعددة الوسائط الرقمية مثل صوتيات بجودة القرص المضغوط ونشر صور عالية الجودة او مقاطع الفيديو الرقمية. من خلال هذه البيئة اصبح من السهل على الجهات غير المختصة انتاج ن | We have entered an era where inexpensive and readily available equipment can produce perfect copies of digital multimedia materials, such as CD - quality audio, publication - quality images, or digital video. In this environment, it has become easier for malicious parties to make salable copies of copyrighted content without compensation to the content owner.Many media content owners are concerned about the potential loss of revenue from multimedia piracy, especially when the content will be exposed to the Internet. Digital watermarking is seen by many as a potential solution to this problem.In this thesis, two proposed methods one for grayscale image watermarking and the other for color image watermarking are suggested. They require the original image for watermark extraction and they are belonging to the wavelet domain watermarking. They exploit the Tunable Q_Wavelet Transform. Therefore, different cases are performed to identify the best among them for the proposed application. As a result of the testing process, the best case is founded when ( Q=4, r=8, J=28). The first proposed method can be used with applications requiring high degree of imperceptibility and high security. The embedding process of this method is based on adding the pseudorandom watermark bits in the largest TQWT coefficient.The second proposed method is more robust against distortions than the first proposed method and is characterized by an acceptable degree of imperceptibility and high security. The embedding process of this method is based on adding the compound watermark image to the original color image.They are performed using MATLAB7 programming language. Different images are tested and the watermark is extracted exactly from the watermarked images.The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio “PSNR” using best case for the two proposed methods is found (77.97) dB for the first method and (51.14) dB for the second method.

تحديد منظومة كفوءة للقدرة الفوتوضوئية المستقلة بناءا على الاجواء العراقية == Investigation Into Efficient Stand - Alone Photovoltaic System Based On Iraq Climate

Author name: انسام صبحي جبار
Supervisor name: محمد مؤنس عز الدين
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الطاقة الشمسية هي احدى الطاقات المتجددة التي تمتاز بانها امنة وصديقه للبيئة. عالميا هناك توجه كبير لهذة الانواع من الطاقات للحد من مشاكل التلوث والاحتباس الحراري. شهدت السنوات الاخيرة انخفاض في اسعار منظومات الطاقة الشمسية وكذلك ارتفاع كفائتها مما ساعد وب | Solar energy is safe as well as clean. It is one type of renewable energy , the energy does not cause pollutions and is not harmful to the environment. It is gaining importance now with the increases in global warming and pollution causing the adoption of renewable energy sources as alternative energy sources. For these reasons, the technological advance seeks to reduce the cost of renewable energy and increase efficiency to expand its reach.This work investigates the best strategy for design the solar energy system of stand - alone type. The stand - alone system consists of the PV array, maximum power point tracking, DC - DC converters, charge controller, battery, load and inverter. Standard specifications are used to ensure the successful operation of any system designed according to this method.The proposed method in this work includes calculation by using Microsoft Excel and simulation of long term periods especially during the autonomy days operation by using Matlab/Simulink. Many cases are studied, a suitable PV power system is introduced for each case. The results of the design of the case study are quite in agreement with published results.The objective of this work is to design solar energy systems for hypothetical loads according to Iraqi climate, this aim is achieved because the designed system passed many tests, especially for the worst case of operation. The investigation shows that the system is capable of exhibiting a reliable operation for any weather condition.

تصميم مضخمات قدرة راديوية التردد بتقنية CMOS مع محولات جامعة للقدرة == Design of RF Power Amplifiers With Power Combining Transformers

Author name: سهاد حسين جاسم
Supervisor name: احمد سعدون عز الدين
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: باستخدام تقنية CMOS، تواجه تكامل مضخمات القدرة العديد من التحديات بمستوى الواط والمستخدمة لتطبيقات الاتصالات اللاسلكية. وللتغلب على هذه المحددات، يمكن استخدام عدد من الوسائل واطئة الفولتية ودمجها بكفاءة باستخدام المحولات على الرقاقة لزيادة قدرة الخرج النا | In CMOS technology, many challenges face the integrated watt level power amplifiers (PAs) used in wireless applications. Consequently, to overcome these limits, several low voltage devices should be combined efficiently with on - chip transformers in order to increase the resulting output power. In this work, two high - performance Radio - Frequency (RF) power amplifiers for watt level applications are designed and simulated in deep submicron (0.13 µm) CMOS process technology using “Agilent Advanced Design System ADS 2011.10 with “BSIM4” as a simulation module for Metal - Oxide - Semiconductor Field - Effect Transistor (MOSFET) devices. The design includes a comparison for the conventional transformer combining techniques SCT, PCT and the hybrid type PSCT. The amplifiers incorporate a parallel combination of four differential PA cores to generate high output power with good efficiency and linearity. The first part of the work presents a design for a watt - level class - AB power amplifier based on transformer type power combiner PSCT for WLAN applications. The PA delivers an Output Power (Pout) of 30 dBm, Power Gain (Gp) of 30 dB and 40% Power Added Efficiency (PAE) under 2.5 V supply. In the second part of the work, a class - E PA based on transformer type power combiner PSCT is designed. The power amplifier provides an output power of 30 dBm, power gain of 30 dB, and 54% PAE at 2.45 GHz under 1.6 V supply. Finally, in the third part of this work, an on - chip output transformer layout for the proposed power amplifiers is designed and simulated with momentum RF EM simulator of ADS 2011.10 in order to realize a fully integrated power amplifier. The simulated efficiency of the PSCT was 78% with minimum insertion losses (ILmin) 0.87 dB.

تصميم متحكم ذكي لنظام تتبع شمسي بالاعتماد على مصفوفة البوابات الرقمية القابلة للبرمجة == Design of Intelligent Controller For Solar Tracking System Based On FPGA

Author name: ياسر محمد عبد
Supervisor name: حنان عبد الرضا عكار
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الحاجة لزيادة توليد الطاقة الكهربائية جعل استخدام الخلايا الشمسية تلعب دورا هاما في الحياة اليومية، وعليه من المهم استخدام نظام يسمح بتتبع الخلايا الشمسية لضوء الشمس لزيادة او الحصول على القيمة المثلى للطاقة الكهربائية من الخلايا الشمسية. تم في هذا ا | The need to increase the energy generation makes the use of solar cells plays an important role in the daily life. For this reason, it is important to use solar tracking system to increase or getting almost optimum value from solar cells. In this thesis, solar cells model was implemented using MATLAB to show the characteristics of any solar cell depending on data sheet. Intelligent controllers was designed and used to make solar cells facing the sun all days. The proposed controller was trained by two ways; the first was trained by supervised feed forward neural network and the second by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and then comparing the results obtained. The controller was trained using MATLAB and the converting it to simulink model in order to test it, and converts, it to a Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) language using MATLAB tool box in order to download it on Spartan 3A Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) card. This makes the implementation of the intelligent controller more efficient and easy to use because of its reprogram - ability and the high speed performance. The controller was designed to a fully controlled DC motor driver which is used to rotate two DC motors in X - axis and Y - axis directions respectively.The experimental results show that tracking sun increases the efficiency of the system to produce energy from solar cell about 44.3778 % more energy than the solar cell without tracking system.

الغاء تداخل المسا ارت التخميني في انظمة الوصول المتعدد باستخدام تقسيم الترميز الواسع الطيف لشبكات الاتصال اللاسلكية == Multipath Interference Cancellation Investigation In Wcdma Communication Networks

Author name: نور محمد خليل
Supervisor name: منال جميل الكندي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electronic And Communications Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Bit Error Rate (BER) and Bit Energy to Noise Ratio(?????????) performance of the 1 - D RAKE receiver without , with Space Time Transmit Diversity (STTD) and 2 - D RAKE without , with (STTD) and also without and with beamforming for WCDMA over RayleighChannel in presence of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel is demonstrated with purpose of making simulation of m - files developed in Matlab.Results are evaluated in terms of BER and ????????? considering the number of Base Station (BS) transmit antennas (1 - D RAKE and 2 - D RAKE receivers), and the number of RAKE fingers (1 - D RAKE receiver) and the number of Mobile Station (MS) receive antennas (2 - DRAKE receiver). The performance results of 1 - D RAKE and 2 - D RAKE receivers showed that the receivers have satisfactory BER performance and the performance of RAKE receivers is more improved by increasing the number of RAKE fingers, performance is even better when beamforming was applied.The performance results of the three receive diversity of 2 - D RAKE receiver schemes : Selection Combining (SC), Equal Gain Combining (EGC) or Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC)) of 2 - D RAKE showed that there are significant improvements in BER and ?????????performance over the 1 - D RAKE. BER of 10???? can be obtained at ????????? ? 5 dB performance with four fingers of 2 - D RAKE receiver with STTD and beamforming and MRC scheme for five receive antenna elements.

تحسين جودة الصورة التوموغرافية المعاد تركيبها باستخدام خوارزمية التسقيط العكسي المرشحة == Enhancement of Tomographic Image Quality Reconstructed By Filter Backprojection Technique

Author name: دعاء نوفل حازم
Supervisor name: محمد حسين الحياني
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electronic And Communications Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Computed tomography refers to the imaging of slices of an object by exposing them to X - ray in different directions. Measurement of image quality is one of great importance in the field of medical applications. In applications such as CT and MRI scanning, most of the time the quality of reconstructed image is assessed qualitatively by radiologist or domain experts which are purely subjective evaluation.The FBP algorithm produces excellent quality and high performance reconstruction compared with other reconstruction algorithms. This thesis presents different projection types (fan beam geometry, and cone beam geometry) for the image reconstruction, the geometries are calculated analytically by specified 2D head phantom for fan beam and 3D head phantom for single slice spiral cone beam geometry with different ranges covering angle.In the thesis the FBP algorithm was applied with the fan beam and single slice geometries. Different types of filters (Hann, Hamming, Kaiser, Cosine, Ram - Lak, and Gaussian) are used in the algorithm and a new window filter is proposed in the algorithm. Comparisons are made between the new window and different common windows by quality measurement to get a reconstructed image with high quality and high performance suitable for the implementation of the FBP.A computer programs has been designed, written, and implemented in this work using MATLAB 7.1, for fan beam and single slice projections. Good results of quality and performance were obtained for the tomographic reconstructed image from its projection on CT scanner.

تقنيات النمذجة الذكية في تنبوء حمل الطاقة الكهربائية == Intelligent Modeling Techniques of Electric Power Load Forecasting

Author name: يونس محي نصيف
Supervisor name: حنان ميخائيل داود
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: As far as electrical power system is concerned, there has been a need to find out the future load in advance. Load forecasting has played an important role in the generation, transmission and distribution system planning. Load forecasting of future load demand is significant for an economic and secured operation of power systems. In general, the objective of high - precision load forecasting is difficult to achieve due to complex effects on load by a variety of factors.This thesis focuses on the study of long term load forecasting by using multiple linear regression (MLR) method and using different types of computational intelligence methods such as feed forward Neural Network with back - propagation (BP) tuning algorithm (FNN - BP), feed forward Neural Network with particle swarm optimization (PSO) tuning algorithm (FNN - PSO) and Elman Neural Network with back - propagation (BP) tuning algorithm (ENN - BP). Such forecasts will be highly useful in proper system planning and operations. The algorithms have been demonstrated using simulation programs in MATLAB environment.The usefulness of the five forecasting techniques was tested on a test system data for a Big Utility Company (Egyptian Unified Network). The obtained results showed that the ENN - PSO method takes advantage of accuracy and efficiency in prediction.The ENN - PSO method was performed using population growth data on the Iraqi National Grid for the duration from 2014 to 2030.

النظام المضبب للتحكم بمشكلة التزاحم لبروتوكول (التحكم في الارسال) في الشبكات المختلطة == A Fuzzy Based TCP Congestion Control For Hybrid Networks

Author name: سارة رعد قاسم
Supervisor name: زينب توفيق باقر
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is designed to deliver seamless and reliable end - to - end data transfer across unreliable networks and is offered connection - oriented, byte - stream service. The Internet’s TCP is probably the most widely used protocol; it is also the most carefully tuned since performance of Internet is largely based on TCP. However, throughput in TCP degrades notably when operated in erroneous networks. In erroneous networks, TCP misinterprets random packet losses and the subsequent packet reordering due to high bit error rate as congestion and invokes congestion control by triggering to fast retransmission and fast recovery, leading to under - utilization of the network resources and affecting TCP performance critically.Many proposals have been used to improve TCP performance in wireless networks. Most of these proposals were based on changing the TCP header and add more complications to the main mechanism. Means of improving performance of TCP over erroneous links were proposed using fuzzy controller in a simple manner (without changing the header) by tracking the delay and the frequencies of the occurrences of timeouts and triple duplicate acknowledgement (3dupacks) to differentiate congestion loss from bit error loss. The first proposal was FReno (Fuzzy+NewReno) but this new algorithm failed to achieve good efficiency. The second proposal was FVegas (Fuzzy+Vegas) and it also failed to improve TCP’s resource utilization. The third proposal was FWestwood (Fuzzy+Westwood) which significantly improved TCP performance. The proposed algorithm was compared against standard TCP variants for different error rates using OMNET++4 version 4.3.1 IDE simulator. FWestwood algorithm helped TCP to distinguish between congestion and packet loss and increase the performance in erroneous wired network, heterogeneous networks, wireless networks and mobile network. Results from simulations showed that in a congested network with (1% to 10%) of random packet loss rate, FWestwood achieved significant improvements in different erroneous networks over other TCP schemes. Also it achieved friendliness fair share of the link with other TCP standards.

المسار الامثل للجراحة الروبوتية الطبية باستخدام الخوارزمية الجينية == Path Optimization For Medical Surgery Robotic Using Genetic Algorithm

Author name: زهراء داود حسين
Supervisor name: مهند زيدان خليفة | ايمان صالح كريم
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electromechanical engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Electromechanical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الرسالة دراسة تصميم امثل لموديل مختار للانسان الالي المستخدم في مجال الجراحة البشرية (جهاز التنظير البطني الجراحي ) المستخدم في مستشفى الصدر التعليمي في محافظة ميسان والمصنع من قبل شركة (KARL STORZ) من خلال زيادة عدد درجات الحرية لتصل سبعة درج | This thesis presents a study for optimal design of a robot to be used in human surgery (Laparoscope device). It was done in Al - Sader educational hospital in Maysan Governorate. The robot was manufactured by Karl Storz company. Connecting linkages were increased to get seven degrees of freedom. It is operated by the surgeon hand (complete rotation 360o , rotation in two opposite directions perpendicular to each other ,transformation along the major axes , triple joint (pitch ,roll, and yaw). Optimization has been done to these models after making analysis to the surgical robot (forward kinematic, inverse kinematic, dynamitic analysis). The optimal design was obtained by using genetic algorithm method to choose the optimal path planning in the working area. This was with the presence of obstacles to tip of end - effector motion that exists, in mechanical arm to the new model that used in this thesis. This was done by making an integrated computer program through MATLAB (R2013a). The results of best path planning would shorten length without hitting any obstacle, assuming the surrounding environment will be variable. The position and obstacle shapes would be random. We found that the best path planning in every environment depends on maximize objective function that presented by shortest length of the path. This is important from the medical point of view. This was applied successfully in practice on an industrial robot and the resulted optimal parameters to that robot with matching of the theoretical side with practical side in robot motion. The practical side was made in laboratory of the Research Unit of Automation and Robotics in the Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology. The robot used was the Lab - Volt Servo Robot System Model 5250 (RoboCIM5250). This thesis includes studying the tools used in laparoscope and focuses on recent types of graspers with parallel jaws connected to the chosen design. It was noticed that the maximum entrance force for the abdominal tracar must not exceed 5N. The force on the last point of jaws is 0.42N. It was found that this force will not cause bleeding in the tissue during procedure. And that this type of small size grasper can be bent during operation in the allowed field of workspace while maintaining good strength.

التوزيع الامثل للمتحسسات في شبكة المتحسسات اللاسلكية باستخدام خوارزمية الامثلية المستوحاة من نظرية الاسراب == Optimum Sensors Deployment In Wireless Sensor Networks Using Swarm Based Bio - Inspired Optimization Algorithms

Author name: هيثم سعدون عفتان
Supervisor name: نزار هادي عباس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The increased demand for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in different areas of application has intensified studies dedicated to the deployment of sensor nodes in the recent past. The deployment of sensor nodes required that some of the key objectives should be satisfied, which are the coverage ratio of the monitoring area and the lifetime of the network.In this thesis, a mathematical model to optimize the coverage ratio and the lifetime of network is developed to ensure a better utility of the WSN. The model is formulated based on several parameters such as the size of the monitoring area, network models, the total number of sensor nodes, visibility requirements, sensing/communication radius, etc.Popular swarm based bio inspired algorithms have been used to optimize the WSN deployment. The coverage optimization process has been carried out by single objective optimization algorithms such as the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm, modified version of Particle Swarm Optimization called Discrete PSO (DPSO), Discrete Artificial Bee Colony (DABC) algorithm and a new proposed algorithm called Quantum Artificial Bee Colony (QABC). QABC is based on quantum physical concepts to improve the local search capability of standard ABC algorithm. Thereafter, a multi objective optimization algorithm has been utilized to optimize the coverage ratio and lifetime of WSN. The multi objective optimization has been carried out by Non - dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA - II). All of these algorithms are simple, effective and computationally efficient optimization techniques.The WSN deployment has been simulated using MATLAB 7.12.0 (R2011a) package, NetBeans 7.4 Java integrated development environments, JMETAL 4.5 and Java Universal Network/Graph (JUNG 2.0.1) frameworks. The computer simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm for coverage ratio maximization was up to two times faster than the others. Furthermore, the conducted simulation indicated that the QABC algorithm offered (6%) better solution in terms of coverage in comparison with the others in some cases. Also the results showed that the deterministic deployment can achieve up to (25%) better coverage ratio than the random deployment. In addition, QABC outperformed GA, PSO and ABC algorithms when applied to several test problems. Additionally, the results showed that the NSGA - II algorithm could effectively optimize the network lifetime and coverage ratio and produced good convergent solutions to the Pareto front and was uniformly distributed along it.

نظام كشف وتمييز لوحة الرخصة للسيارات العراقية == License Plate Detection And Recognition System For Iraqi Cars

Author name: ثائر عذار هاشم
Supervisor name: اياد ابراهيم عباس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: نظام كشف وتمييز لوحات ارقام السيارات هو تقنية في معالجة الصور يستخدم للتعرف على السيارات من خلال لوحات الارقم الخاصة بها, او بكلمات اخرى هي تقنية تستخدم لتحويل نص صورة لوحة ارقام السيارات الرقمية الى ملف نص ممكن ان يحرر ويستخدم في اي برنامج او تطبيق اخر | Automatic License Plate Detection and Recognition (ALPDR) system is an image processing technology used to identify vehicles by their license plates, or in other words, is a technology used to convert the text on digital images of vehicle license plates to a text file that can be edited and used as such by any other program or application that needs it.License Plate Detection and Recognition system for Iraqi cars have a wide range of applications; it is used to extract plate number to create automated solutions for various problems. Among these applications : parking, border crossing, traffic control, access control and stolen cars tracking.This system consists of two main parts : the first is a practical implementation of how to take a picture automatically for cars passes, this was done by two sensors type (GP2Y0A21YK0F sensor) connected with each other and interfaced with a camera (A4tech USB camera), this camera is interfaced using Matlab with the PC. The camera is attached using USB port. The second part is image processing, this part includes four basic stages : The first stage is image preprocessing which involves image normalization and RGB to gray image conversion. Second stage is detection of a possible license plate using edge detection technique and extracts these LP using region growing technique, detection rates reach to 95%. Third stage is alphanumeric character segmentation to isolate each character, numbers and words of the license plate using Otsu's and Hough transforms technique for subsequent recognition. The last stage reads the alphanumeric character and words by correlation template matching, which is a simple, fast and given a recognition rate reach to 98.245%.

محاكاة تضمين تقسيم التردد المتعامد المتعدد المستخدمين المشفر في الخط النازل == Simulation of Coded Multiuser Ofdm Downlink

Author name: دﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﺆاد فاروق النعيمي
Supervisor name: رعد سامي فياض
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electronic And Communications Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme adopts orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers, which are particularly suited for transmition over broadband frequency selection channels, to support multiusers. The scheme considered usually assigns a subset of subcarriers to each user and adopted adaptive techniques for the allocation of available resources/subcarriers according to the channel state information (CSI) estimated at the transmitter using a reverse link. This thesis proposed three coded multiuser OFDM schemes based on spreading the data of each user over all subcarriers without CSI at the transmitter. The idea behind these schemes is to split the OFDM transceiver into two stages : one common to all users while the other consists of identical parallel units with each unit is used to process the data related to an individual user. The two stages are separated by a multiplexer/demultiplexer unit whose position can be chosen to yield different schemes. The three schemes considered here are : user multiplexed scheme, inner coded multiplexing scheme, and mapper multiplexing scheme. The proposed schemes implemented are using MATLAB simulink (version 7) to investigate their performance under different operating conditions related to number of users, Rayleigh fading channel, and serial concatenated codes. The results are compared with those related to two conventional schemes, subcarrier mapping scheme and outer coded multiplexing scheme. The simulation results indicate that the proposed user multiplexing scheme may offer performance as high as that offered by the conventional outer coded multiplexing scheme but with reduced number of equipments.

تهيئة حاسوبية لموجه سيسكو == Computer Based Configuration For Cisco Routers

Author name: فارتان رافي كريكوريان
Supervisor name: غسان حميد عبد المجيد
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electronic And Communications Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Routers are intelligent devices that make connection between different networks possible. In addition, routers can perform several functions, including filtration and selection of the best path of packets movement. Routers must be configured efficiently in order to perform the above functions. In literature, two approaches have been distinguished for the configuration, namely; text mode and graphical mode approach. The present work is analyzing these two approaches and defines precisely their advantages and limitations. As a result of this analysis, a new approach is proposed in this thesis which eliminates the limitations. The work proposes a graphical interface which is executed on a desktop (or laptop) PC. The user defines the configuration parameters through a program which transfers these parameters to the router by console port instead of Ethernet port. These parameters are then saved on Non Volatile Random Access Memory. The proposed graphical interface is implemented by standard lab consisted of two routers. The implementation shows that the time of configuration can be reduced to 70% of the text mode approach, and overcome the trouble of the old graphical interface.

تعزيز اداء اتصالات الراديو عبر الليف احادي ومتعدد الطول الموجي بواسطة تقنية التضمين == Performance Enhancements of Single And Multi - Wavelength Radio Links Over Fiber By Modulation Technique

Author name: مصطفى عبد الهادي جليل
Supervisor name: عايد خلف محمد
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Radio - over - Fiber (RoF)
  • Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
  • Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
  • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
  • Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Unit
First pages:
Abstract: تم تطوير تكنولوجيا الراديو عبر الالياف منذ اواخر القرن العشرين، وتم استخدامها في مجموعة من التطبيقات لانظمة الاتصالات ويعتبر الراديو عبر الالياف هو الجيل المقبل من انظمة الاتصالات لما يمتاز به من العديد من المزايا مقارنة مع النظام التقليدي مع توهين منخفض | Radio - over - Fiber (RoF) technology has been developed since the late 20th century and has been used efficiently in a range of applications for communication systems. Radio over fiber system is the next generation of communication systems because it has many advantages compared with conventional system with low attenuation, enormous bandwidth of optical fiber, and extension of existing coverage and capacity. RoF system refers to the radio signals which are modulated with optical signal and transmitted over optical fiber link from Central Office (CO) to the Remote Nodes (RNs).In this work, several RoF systems have been designed and simulated with different modulation techniques using commercial software package called “Optisystem v.12”. Furthermore, these systems were compared with each other to check for better performance. These systems are presented as follows : The first system is RoF with Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16 - Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16 - QAM), and 64 - QAM schemes with and without OFDM technique. The simulation results of this system show that the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for 64 - QAM - OFDM higher than SNR for QPSK, 4 - QAM and 16 - QAM with OFDM at 10 - 9 symbol error, after 50 km of SMF length without any amplification or compensation techniques. In addition, also SNR for 64 - QAM - OFDM higher than SNR for other techniques in this work after 160 km of fiber length.The second system is the RoF with QPSK and 16 - QAM schemes with Digital Signal Processing (DSP) unit in the receiver side. The simulation results of this system show that the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) for QPSK scheme with DSP unit is 14.5% and 85.5% without DSP unit after 50 km of fiber length. Furthermore, the EVM for 16 - QAM with DSP unit is 7.5%, but the EVM for the same system without DSP unit is 91%. In addition, the EVM for QPSK with DSP equal to 11.5%, but the EVM for 16 - QAM with DSP equal to 9% after 160 km of fiber length.The third system is RoF system with two multiplexing techniques, 8×10 Gbps WDM - RoF system and 4×5 Gbps SCM - RoF system, have been simulated with 4 - QAM - OFDM, 16 - QAM - OFDM and 64 - QAM - OFDM schemes. The fourth system was to combine the techniques of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) to increase the capacity of the system by 20×8 Gbps data rate. The simulation results show that the SCM - WDM - RoF with 64 - QAM gives high SNR compared with SCM - WDM - RoF system with other modulation schemes which have been used in this work.

تحسين الاستقرارية باستخدام التوليد الموزع في شبكة النجف الاشرف الكهربائية == Stability Enhancement Using Distributed Generation In Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf Electrical Network

Author name: زيد طارق حسن
Supervisor name: رشيد حميد الربيعي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان عمل وتركيب نظام التوزيع يتغير مع اضافة وحدات التوليد الموزع (DG )، حيث انها تؤثر على خسائر القدرة، الاستقرارية، الفولطية، جودة الطاقة وكميات اخرى، لذلك اختيار الموقع الامثل والحجم وعدد وحدات التوليد الموزع (DG ) ضروري لتجنب التاثيرات السلبية على نظا | The operation and structure of distribution system are changing with the integration of distributed generation (DG), where the DG may have effect on power losses, stability, voltage profile, power quality and other quantities, therefore the optimization of location , size and number of DG are necessary to avoid the negative impacts on electric power system.In this work, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to find the optimal number and locations of DG in order to minimize the active power losses. The thermal limit of transmission lines and transformers was studied in cases , with DG and without DG, to detect the lines or transformers which exceed the limit in order to processed it. The voltage stability of distribution network has been investigated, using L index (which aims to detect the vulnerable load buses of an electrical power system). Also the rotor angle transient stability of DG units has been calculated to specify the critical clearing time (CCT) of each circuit breaker in distribution network when one of transmission lines is exposed to three phase to ground fault. The developed algorithm has been verified using two test systems IEEE 33 - bus distribution system and the WSCC 9 - bus test system, furthermore applied to a part of Iraqi distribution network (Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf distribution network). Two softwares are used in this work , the first is Matlab R2013a for implementation of the PSO and voltage stability algorithms while the second software is Power World Simulator 15 for implementation of the thermal limit of transmission lines and transformers, and rotor angle transient stability of DG units.DG contributed significantly to reduce the power losses in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf distribution network, where there is a reduction by about 96% in active losses. Also DG processed the overload of large substations and the stability of buses in the network.

تصميم وتصنيع والتحقق من الخلية الشمسية ذات الصبغة الحساسة للضوء == Design, Fabrication And Verification of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell DSSC

Author name: صابرين سمير حسان
Supervisor name: ثائرة زكريا الطيار
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Dye sensitized solar cells
  • natural dyes
  • synthetic dye
First pages:
Abstract: Solar cells are considered a promising technology and renewable, in view of increasing in the electro - optical energy. The continual enhancement in solar cell efficiency by searching for new concepts and techniques, which should grow since it is considered as one of the important sources of energy of the future.This work introduces a type of solar cells that employs photosensitive organic dye. These cells use thin membrane of Titanium dioxide material as nanoparticles covered by an organic dye, which absorbs solar energy (like the chlorophyll in green leaves) to be converted into electrons that are injected into the Titanium dioxide layer, which serves as electron collector. In addition, it has an electrolyte solution to compensate for the electrons lost by the organic dye molecules.The cell's positive terminal was prepared from the deposition of a thin membrane of Titanium dioxide, of 22 micrometer thickness on a conductive glass electrode , followed by heat treatment at 450? for 30 minutes. Three organic dyes were used, two of (Cherry juice mixed with Hibiscus and the Berries juice) which were natural dyes, and the other synthetic, the "Eosin" as an industrial dye. Small quantities of Iodine and Potassium Iodide were dissolved in Ethyl Alcohol of 99.9% concentration in order to prepare the electrolyte solution. As to the negative terminal, it was prepared from the deposition of a graphite layer, used in pencils, onto a conducting glass electrode. The final stage involved the assembly of the different prepared cell components and tested.The equipment used in this work included spectrum analyzer for provision of absorption spectra for the three dyes.The cells have been tested by exposure to light of 100W/cm2 to obtain I - V characteristic curve and the greatest current is obtained with the Cherries and Hibiscus cell was 6.205 mA/cm2 and the maximum voltage 0.569 V. As to the Berries dye cell, the maximum current is found 4.35 mA / cm2 and its maximum voltage 0.607 V. The maximum current and voltage for the Eosin dye cell are found to be 1.32 mA/ cm2 and 0.651V.The conversion efficiency for the Cherry and Hibiscus dye cell is found to be 1.9%, the Berries dye cell 1.5% and for the Eosin dye 0.5%.

تقليل تموج عزم الدوران في طريقة السيطرة المباشرة لعزم الدوران للمحركات الحثية == Torque Ripple Reduction Based Direct Torque Control For Induction Motor Drives

Author name: حيدر سالم حميد
Supervisor name: Prof. Dr. J.H. Alwash | Hanan M. Habbi
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التحكم المباشر لعزم الدوران هو اسلوب التحكم المستخدم في انظمة محرك التيار المتناوب للحصول على سيطرة عزم دوران عالية الاداء. محرك DTC التقليدية يحتوي على زوج من الـ ( hysteresis comparators)، حساب الفيض وعزم الدوران وجدول اختيارالـ ( voltage vector). يت | Direct Torque Control (DTC) is a control technique used in AC drive systems to obtain high performance torque control. The conventional DTC drive contains a pair of hysteresis comparators, a flux and torque estimator and a voltage vector selection table. The torque and flux are controlled simultaneously by applying suitable voltage vectors, and by limiting these quantities within their hysteresis bands, de - coupled control of torque and flux can be achieved. Conventional DTC drives utilizing hysteresis comparators suffer from high torque ripple and variable switching frequency. Several techniques have been developed to improve the torque performance. In this thesis, Proportional - Integral (PI) controller has been presented to improve the system performance which gives better torque and flux response and also reduces the undesirable torque ripple. The most common solution to high torque ripple and variable switching frequency is to use the space vector pulse width modulation (SV - PWM) that depends on the reference torque and flux. The reference voltage vector is then realized by using a voltage vector modulator.The conventional DTC and DTC with PI controller are implemented using Xilinx System Generator (XSG) for MATLAB/Simulink environment through Xilinx blocksets. The design was achieved in VHDL, based on a MATLAB/Simulink simulation model. The Hardware - in - the - Loop (HIL) method is used to verify the functionality of the Xilinx FPGA estimator. The results are obtained and compared with MATLAB/ Simulink results considering the implementation of the proposed model on the Xilinx NEXYS2 Spartan 3E1200 FG320 Kit. The simulations of the DTC - SVPWM were carried out using MATLAB/ Simulink simulation package. The design, implementation and simulation of the overall drive system is performed using MATLAB/Simulink program version 7.13.0.564 (R2011ba) and Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.2.

تمييز قزحية العين باستخدام التحويل الموجي والشبكات الاصطناعية

Author name: احمد عز الدين عبد الله
Supervisor name: هديل نصرت عبد الله
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التعرف على قزحية العين هي تقنية القياس الحيوي التي تتناول تحديد الهوية على اساس قزحية الانسان. يعتبر تميز القزحية من انواع التكنولوجيا الحيوية الاكثر دقة المتاحة اليوم بالمقارنة مع انواع كثيرة من التقنيات البيومترية المستخدمة مثل : مسح بصمات الاصابع، التعر | Iris Recognition is a Biometric Technology which deals with identification based on the human iris. It is considered to be the most accurate biometric technology available today compared with many kinds of biometric technologies used, like Fingerprint scanning, Face recognition, Voice recognition and Hand geometry scanning because it has some advantages, such as uniqueness, stability and high recognition rate etc., makes iris recognition so accurate.In this proposed system, two database systems are used. The first is CASIA database system (version 1.0)(Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation). And, the second is Real database system by using real persons (each with many images) for recognition through camera Mobile Type of Galaxy Note3. An approach to get more accuracy of the offline iris recognition is composed of many steps : capturing the iris image, determining the location of the iris boundaries, normalization, preprocessed using median filter to remove noise, using wavelet transform for two types of filter, Haar and Daubechies, in order to extract the features and finally using the matching by artificial feed forward neural network with back propagation algorithm (FFBNN) for training and testing iris image.In CASIA system, the iris recognition rate for Haar filter was 84.2% and for Daubechies filter was 92.8%, while in the real system, iris recognition rate for Haar filter was 90% and for Daubechies filter was 98.7%. This means the Daubechies filter is the best in execution time and mean square error from the Haar filter. Finally, efficiency of this system is logical, because the performance measurement of False Acceptance Rates was reasonable. The results and the experiments were implemented by P4 computer and the software package MATLAB (R2011a).

تطبيق الشبكة العصبية في تكوين الشعاع المتكيف لنظام الهوائي الذكي == Neural Network Application In Adaptive Beamforming For Smart Antenna System

Author name: سليمان احمد غازي
Supervisor name: عضيد حسن سلومي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: انظمة الهوائيات الذكية تعمل على تحسين الاداء وزيادة في السعة لانظمة الاتصالات المتنقلة. ويمكن لانظمة الهوائيات الذكية حل مشكلة نظام الاتصالات المتنقلة مثل التدخل في نفس القناة، والتاخير الحاصل نتيجة الانتشار والمسارات المتعددة التي تاخذها الاشارة عن طريق | The smart antenna systems are promise to provide performance improvement and capacity increasing for the base station of mobile communication systems. Smart antenna systems can solve the problem of mobile communication system such as co - channel interference , delay spread and multipath by an advance signal processing technology called beamforming. In this work artificial neural networks (Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and feedback Elman Recurrent Neural Network (ERNN) ) are used for smart antenna adaptive beamforming for one and multiple targets.Neural network is used to calculate the optimum weights of antenna array to adapt the radiation pattern of the antenna array by directing multiple narrow beams toward the desired users and nulling interference or unwanted users. FFNN and ERNN are trained by supervised backpropagation learning algorithms, FFNN was trained by using Levenberg - Marquardt (lm),Resilient Back - Propagation (Rprop), Gradient descent with momentum and adaptive learning rate (gdx), Gradient descent and adaptive learning rate (gda) and biasing regulation(br), while lm and Rprop are used to train ERNN..The simulation results show that the best performance of smart antenna adaptive beamforming for one and multiple targets is obtained when the NN (FFNN and ERNN) trained by lm algorithm as compared with other algorithms, since it consider the fastest supervised training algorithm but with more memory requirement. Where the performance of FFNN training phase based (lm) algorithm for single target for five element uniform linear array antenna is [2.746641e - 14] at epoch 27 with best validation performance and best test performance approximately equal to the best training performance. While The performance of ERNN training phase based lm algorithm for single target is [1.121938e - 14] at epoch 38 with best validation performance equal to [1.682442e - 14] and the best test performance is [3.363946e - 14].The neural network model in adaptive beamforming are compared with smart antenna adaptive beamforming based on Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm, and gave better performance than LMS.
1 ... 33 34 35 36 37 ... 60