University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Iran is described as one of the important strategic erea for Fedral Russia , So they interested in Iran from ancient time , Since time of ( horrible Iran ) , because it is described as the main key of warm water , hence the socialist revolution in 1917 came to strengthen this trends. After the world war 11 and along with the international bilateral polarization during the cold war between soviet union and united states of America , the importance of Iran had increased as a field that every part wants to control it , specially with the discovery of oil , So the great powers tried to control or annex it to their influence ereas by different means : diplomatic means , commercial or even through military existercein it. The internal crises in the soviet union was the main reason that Led to its disintegration , here Fedral Russia emerged as a Legal in heritance of the soviet union , then a new period began of internal and external changes drived it to abondan ex - policy and depends on economic interests instead of ideology. With the deliver of presedent (yeltsen) of outhority in early 1990 from the Last century , the political class shown unlimited aproneness to all what is western , the agreement with American united states came firs , but this exceed to become adoctrine and also the formal expectations referes that Fedral Russia will transefer in to urban capital country in short time by foreign aids , But the west did not keep their promises to get Fedral Russia out of this problem , so this economic and social collapse and even moral resulted. All these reasons made Fedral Russia reviews it is foreign policy trends toward Iran , Since its existence was only symbblic in the 1990 decade. Iran as case in study , we will urgue the urgeut transformations on international power balances and its relation in the first decade from the new century , since the coming of proseden vladimer Boten have influenced Fedral Russia's policy toward Iran , and this policy concentrated or Iran's role in the international square as a courter or at least less than the America's influence. The Iranian - Russian cooperation constituted an important step of the two parts relations. Russia could achieve some targets through holding commen projects , specially in oil and gos aspects and also obtaining currency which is greatly contributed in raising Russian economic performance. In addition to provide jobs for scientists and Russian Labor how suffered from unemployment by soling weapons and military eauibments to Iran and also through holding security military treaties which could be fedral Russia in most significant zone in this world. In the age of presedent Boten , Russia was able to achieve great results in many fields , economically , there was a vast development which to increasing of Russian individual's income , and also presedent Boten's tendency was directed to reform. the military institutions through reducing the number of army and concentration efficiencies and depend anew approach that aiming to deter all the threatens that facing the Russian national security. These factors and others , promoted fedral Russian to be in the Line , the with great powers and this reflected on Russia's policy toward Iran who sought to promote it's national prestige and increase it's role in international issue , specially Iranian nuclear program case. The Iranian nuclear program formed as the pressure instrument that used by fedral Russia agaist the west to street on it's international role as one of the great powers that could not be ignored. So the visit of present Boten in the end of 2001 stressed on the role of Fedral Russia under the international problems. Therefore , the Russia policy have to challeng estimating the amount of short and Long run of harm that would inflict the national Russian interests , economic and political geography if the decision makers choose a main change toward Iran for American - Russian corporation. we can say that the change in short period may not be in the Long run. undoubtly that Russian policy's makers will withdraw the negative result for any change in Fedral Russian's policy toward Iran. and this will interest and influence in the erea. while the situation will refere that the cost of Fedral - Russia change toward Iran will be very expensive especially Fedral - Russia use Iran as a pressure power and a regional balance power that counter the west. Finally , we have to point out that Iran is one of the significant ereas for Fedral - Russia , inreturn , Fedral Russia is one of the concerned states about what the events happened in Iran , because it affect on it greatly and the Russian foreign policy and its Future perceptions will be opened in front of all choices due to internal regional and international circumstances.

المعلوماتية والسياسة الخارجية الامريكية == Informatics And The United States Foreign Policy

Author name: سجى جعفر حنتوش

Supervisor name: محمد كريم كاظم الدفاعي

General topic: Political Science

Specific topic: International Relations and Foreign Policy

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - Faculty Of Political Science - Department Of International Policy

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على الانبياء والمرسلين وعلى الخاتم ابا القاسم محمد وعلى اهل بيته الطيبين الطاهرين واصحابه المنتجبين. وبعد السيد رئيس اللجنة المحترم , السادة اعضاء اللجنة المحترمون. السيدات السادة الحضور السلام عليكم ورحمة الله | The information revolution a coup caused a huge public relations in the world in concepts of time and place of traditional, and now control the time and place easier than ever before with great success in shortening the distance, time and speed up, affecting communication and networking and a free flow of information without restrictions or brakes and connecting people incidents variables of the world and immediate.This has had a great interest and benefit to mankind in the aspects and all aspects of life, although this does not forget the great disparity between the results of that revolution is a monopoly on management and control, among some of the output is consumed.Science has emerged as a feature of the present era and the information is most expensive and most precious commodity, and as is known, the information is not equally distributed like the natural wealth, few countries capable of production, generation, and a few people also able to update them from holding future proof, since the Everyone aspires to own that space is not estimated the future to make the same information to be trying to buy or denied, it is trying to get it through other States which did not succeed in catching up with information, communication and technical areas of the world do not have access to a unique place in the world of the future will face The risk of dependence in terms of having to import IT products from high - nuclear - weapon States. The information revolution of course, does not mean only the flow of information, but there is accelerating in the flow of capital, as well as in commercial operations, and here and in the light of the development of civilization, which increased the convergence entities and the States and was reduced to a large extent geography and make border lines between the countries just are not Palmmanap win and the face of this revolution, it created any new concepts of the policy without limits and without Borders economy and culture without borders, before it become a privacy issue for any community or country in a very difficult issue of the magnitude of the challenge. The computer has played an active role in elements of the international force and the impact on the international political arena and through a succession of innovations Altghanip size and information is therefore one of the most important factors that seek strategic superiority major powers - at the global level - and regional powers - at the regional level - to achieve. The terms produced by the computer and only the means of communication and transportation led to the accumulation of wealth and power and then the collection has Hermeat similar change in the international force and the structure of the international political system has become one of the most important factors of IT progress and global domination and the foundation stone in the new world order and the most important factor in the progress and the formation of Top world power means that the pyramid has become a world power is significant knowledge and technical forces that has characterized this changing play an influential role in international politics and trying to compete with other forces and even superior in most cases.The specialists knew of technocrats and the leaders of the United States of America, the progress of information has become one of the most important keys to the future and to control a critical factor in the new world order, so it has become very competitive in the field of information, it controls the information, it controls the other areas, knowledge is power has become more than Ever, and this feature is from the investment of the cold war and the opening of American society which made the United States controls the most important communication techniques and analysis of information in the world, and preference information that can help prevent or overcome any threat - even if the military - Bklv Relatively low. Here we find that the United States of America has become a new force in the post industry, which provides a growing improvement in the distribution of its wealth and influence at the global level, and became the media empire (audio and video) are a huge business strategy without the need to resort to mobilize armies or use Power as before. The information revolution and communication at the beginning of the United States of America too, where it spent money and invested its scientific potential and enormous human and is still going on, and then turned into a tool output when received and confirmed its presence in the globalized world, and now the information revolution, communication is end and the means at the same This time it has become the long arm through which virtually all parts of the globe. In the light of all this seems to us the role played by the information revolution and its consequences and faeces in all fields, which often changed Lifestyles of the political, social and cultural rights, and it should be noted that the revolution of information and provided the human and multi - media and sophisticated, and Salah or corruption of this means depends on how the strategies used in New nations in the nuclear information and work under it

Author name: خلود وليد صالح

Supervisor name: صالح عباس الطائي

General topic: Political Science

Specific topic: International Relations and Foreign Policy

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - Faculty Of Political Science - Department Of International Policy

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

الاحزاب السياسية والاصلاح السياسي في الاردن : جبهة العمل الاسلامي انموذجا == Political Parties And Political Reform In Jordan Jabhaat Al A'Mal Al Islamee As A Case Study

Author name: خلف صالح علي عبد الله الجبوري

Supervisor name: هشام حكمت عبد الستار العزاوي

General topic: Political Science

Specific topic: Political Systems and Public Policies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - Faculty Of Political Science - Department Of Political Systems And Public Policies

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The political reform one of the important means used to make progress in the political process because of factors require undertaking this reform and modernization, in democratic systems is the process of political reform of the most important mechanisms which are used for changes in the political system properly, and this process is after period of political practice, where he spoke developments within the community, and these developments necessarily reflected the political reality, which requires him to hold political and economic reforms and social, as the reform and democratization must include all systems that use by humans in the organization of society politically and economically, intellectually and religiously and psychologically. Based on that, the process includes three political dimensions which the technical side and the regulatory side and the behavioral side, as each side in the differentiation between communities, the technical side, which includes the manufacturing process and it must distinguish between industrial societies and non - industrial. The organizational aspect reflects the diversity and specialization where a distinction is made between the communities simple and complex, and finally dimension behavioral means rationality and scientific thinking in the face of thinking metaphysical and non - scientific, and linked these dimensions a number of social changes, such as increasing phenomenon of urban and low level of literacy and the proliferation of means of communication and the media and the degree of political participation and scope, in order to create the necessary changes to the political system in order to suit the new societal reality.The essence of political participation of political development as a political activity that symbolizes the contribution of citizens and their role in shaping the policies of the State, and the conduct of public affairs as well, and choose political leaders. So the process of institutionalizing this review that contribute to political parties and to activate the political development will be working on the transfer of political practice to the level of institutional and political action devoted part of a democratic political structure. This process is performed framing the political conflict between the political forces on the political decision - making authority and taken and public policy frameworks and institutional mechanisms. This is done through containment political activities of individuals and political forces aimed at contributing to or influence the process of making decisions and taken within the channels institutions party which makes its presence as the backbone making process and political decisions taken which drives that do not exist for the development of real political, but the existence of political parties and given the role actual expression of differentiated and competing interests and representation in a democratic atmosphere intact.Therefore, political parties are one of the most important political developments where rules play an important role in contemporary political life. And simple look to the nature and functions of political parties will contribute to highlight the role played by political parties in the political development process, parties are working to raise public awareness and channeled through the education political and party to ensure citizen participation in governance and to express his opinion and interests, and to strengthen its role in the process taking place in the political framework of the political system and are well organized political trends among citizens and attracted some attention to public affairs, and their rights and freedoms and the means to express them. The existence of political parties needs to confirm the opposition and the other opinion and the possibility of organizing peaceful succession of power. Is also one of the key institutions for the realization of human rights and political freedoms by organizing the active participation of individuals in political life, in addition to partisan action is a political school to prepare the political leaders, training and rehabilitation for political action and official positions. Also, the parties are channels of communication between the government and the people and afford the opportunity to get to know the opinion of the people and their wishes and trends.And associated term political reform always political parties, and the role assigned to them to achieve this reform, or at least a role in the process of achieving reform or political development, including lead to lay the foundations established by the democratic society based on pluralism and access from the principle of rotation of power between the parties or currents different as it is prevalent in the Western world.And access to the role that is doing the political parties in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, he notes that in 1999, after the inauguration of King Abdullah II to the throne in Jordan, began a new political era toward democracy, and that is to complete the stage before began in 1989 entitled basic democracy, pluralism and expand base of popular participation in governance, and the return of parliamentary life, and respect for responsible freedom of expression and press freedom, as adopted Jordan principle multiparty system, and the development of a center for studies of freedom, democracy and human rights, and women have become Jordanian enjoy their political rights in full, including the right to nomination and election and holding leadership positions and then came the decision to cancel martial law in 1992, a confirmation of the path of democracy and confirmation of the stage democracy enacted new legislation have first and foremost law on political parties in 1992 and Press and Publications Law, and the draft labor law and workers, it was for political parties Jordanian active role in these transformations, after entering within the framework of legitimacy, and obtained the necessary licenses to engage in political activities, and after the proliferation of these parties, the party has become such a system, worth a pause based on a careful review of their status and activities and its future prospects in the implementation of the party programs. The first of these axes the ability of parties Jordanian on their commitments and implement programs offered by and relating to political reform, and given the frequent these parties, most writers and researchers divided it to four streams or trends, namely : the Islamic trend/ represented by (the Islamic Jabhaat Al A'mal Party), which is based on the heritage of my party stands for Brotherhood Muslims, and added to this trend other Muslim powers such as Islamic Doa'a movement and others. Socialist trend/ posed by several parties as the Popular Unity party, the Jordanian Communist Party, Jordanian Democratic Party. The third is the centrist trend and most important its parties : the Covenant and the future, etc., while representing the national trend : parties, both the Arab Socialist Baath Jordanian Democratic and Arab Party.Because the Islamic Action Front Party of more political parties with more popular and The long political history and more effective on the Jordanian political scene, he was chosen as a case for study or research.Borders : - Can be summarized within the message here, it was focused on the role played by political parties in the process of political reform, as well as the role of the Islamic Jabhaat Al A'mal Party in the process of political reform in the Hashemite Kingdom of JordanThe importance : - The process of political reform main entrance of the political development and the achievement of the rest of the reforms (economic, administrative, social, cultural), and start by providing conditions and real guarantees for the completion of reforms and a comprehensive national in order to build a state of institutions modern be a true reflection of society's values, and is dedicated to further its own interests, and the bottom line here is in the transition to political life and formal status to the application and the actual practice of the state institutions and equal citizenship, and here comes this study shows the urgent need for the application of the political reform process, and analyze the role of parties as one of the institutions of the political system in the process of political reform.The problematic : - Off problematic this study of several questions are as follows : (What are the features of the process of political reform in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan after 1999 AD? What are the real motives upon which political parties Jordanian calls reformist, and what the obstacles facing those parties in the process of political reform in the Kingdom? And what role the Islamic Jabhaat Al A'mal Party in the process of political reform in Jordan in light of those motivations and constraints?)The hypothesis : - Study is built on three basic assumptions that : 1. There's democratic transition process of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan since 1989 and continued until after 1999 and to the present day.2. And there is a reciprocal relationship between the role of political parties and the process of political reform in Jordan.3. And the Islamic Jabhaat Al A'mal Party has broader role in the process of political reform in Jordan).Methodology : - The researcher in his career on the constructivist approach and the historical method and their employment in the case study.Structure : - Included our tagged (political parties and political reform in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan since 1999 : the Islamic Jabhaat Al A'mal Party as a case study) three chapters as well as the prologue and epilogue, we listed in the first chapter to the political parties and political reform (Theoretical Study) in four sections, devoted the first the definition of the concept of political parties in terms of definition and jobs. And me the second part, the concept of political reform and distinguish it from the conceptual approach him. The third section focused on the main mechanisms and constraints of political reform, and the fourth section addressed the role of political parties in political reform.The second chapter of the letter titled Jordanian political parties and political reform among the drivers and constraints, is divided into three sections, the first of which included reading of the reality of political life in Jordan. While between the second part, the motives of political reform in Jordan, which are two types of internal and external. And included a third section of this chapter reading of the constraints faced by the political reform process in Jordan. The third chapter research has included the role of the the Islamic Jabhaat Al A'mal Party in political reform in Jordan through three sections : in the first of which read for the Islamic Jabhaat Al A'mal Party (definition - Growing - features), while touched second section to : see the Islamic Jabhaat Al A'mal Party for political reform , while third topic touched on the role of the Islamic Jabhaat Al A'mal Party and its mechanisms in political reform.

العلاقات المصرية الاثيوبية بعد - الحرب الباردة == Egyptian - Ethiopiana Relations After The Cold War

Author name: خالد مشرف عيدان

Supervisor name: علاء جبار احمد

General topic: Political Science

Specific topic: International Relations and Foreign Policy

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Political Science

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Egypt and Ethiopia two countries regional and despite the lack of juxtaposition but they have enjoyed the characteristics of a common geostrategic, The fact is that there are a number of various factors affecting the Egyptian - Ethiopian relations after exceeding in the geo - strategic character as the interactions between them follow the path of his close association other interactions being in the regional and international area. , maybe the most prominent of these reactions appear when the exploitation of the Nile River, which originates in Ethiopia and flows into Egypt water issue and in spite of this interaction and overlap which features multiple levels and ties between Egypt and Ethiopia, but the relations between them despite the interference experienced a swing going on where they pass through cases of ups, downs, tensile and lax, It development to a better level of tension and then step back and end the estrangement earning recipe tactical relations of the accounts of temporary and immediate purposes, not for reasons of long - term strategy.We can say that the most prominent issue and the most important stand out by trying to Ethiopia exploit the headwaters of the Nile River, which the most important is located in its territory, toward non - recognition of acquired rights for the rest of the States participating in the Nile River, including Egypt, as it represents the Nile River to Egypt a matter of life and the story of the presence Hence the Egyptian direction concentrated trying to find common ground for economic cooperation with Ethiopia to prevent the recent use of the issue of the Nile water for political leverage against Egypt, but Ethiopia was trying always to check what is more, especially that the historical relations between the folk Ethiopian and Egyptian were solid relationships over which religious relations between Muslims and Copts who share the same religion and the Church of one.Ethiopia It has tried to achieve the goals and objectives multi - through investment Nile water issue was the establishment of political successive Ethiopian regimes to achieve a political speech for the purpose of exchange of view inside Ethiopia for retreats political, economic and disadvantages including Ethiopia, as well as trying to recent use of water for political leverage to the States participating in the Nile River and especially Egypt, due to the sites and recent weight in the region, and increasing the severity of the situation it is for many Western countries to provide support to Ethiopia on the basis that the poorest countries, but it's made for the international community animportant help in Somalia, along with that Ethiopian relations Zionism has always been a distinct starting from the transfer of the Falasha Jews from Ethiopia to Israel and through providing aid Intelligence and Informatics of the Zionist entity, eight of the Zionist entity feet and offers to Ethiopia experiences in the field of agriculture, and sanitation systems drinking water, along with the widening areas of cooperation in the waters of the Nile , as the Zionist entity was still hoping to transfer water tortured him by Al - Salam Canal, as well as to achieve even further political ends will not be available in front of him, but of course in cooperation with Ethiopia.On this basis, aims to study trace type prevailing relations between Egypt and Ethiopia, and what are the most important variables both regional and international that affect the type and form of these relations between the two countries, as well as to highlight the most important challenges facing the Egyptian - Ethiopian relations, according to the political, economic and social internal effects as well as shed variables light on the regional and international factors and their impact

المحددات السياسية والاقتصادية تجاه علاقة تركيا بالاتحاد الاوربي == The Political And Economic Limits That Specify The Relationship Between Turkey And The European Union

Author name: حيدر عبد الجبار حسوني الخفاجي

Supervisor name: وصال نجيب عارف العزاوي

General topic: Political Science

Specific topic: International Economic Relations

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - Faculty Of Political Science - Department Of International Economic Relations

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: منذ نشوء الدولة التركية الحديثة على انقاض الامبراطورية العثمانية والتي تدين بنشوئها الى جهود مؤسسها مصطفى كمال اتاتورك،الذي كان له الدور الجوهري في تثبيت العلمانية والتخلص من ماضيها الاسلامي، كان الشغل الشاغل لتركيا التخلص بكل ما يربطها بماضيها الاسلامي ا | Since turkey establishment as a republic many political , economic and social development had issued and passed through a lot stages of low and high tide beside different period of growth and development accompanied with political liberation and through decades turkey shifted from disturbance state toward violence and then economic crises. Turkey had found the salvation and security in the European union ,to raise the unstable Turkish reality which had witnessed a violent shakes in both political and economic sides many factors had contributed to fix this convocation and the most distinguishable factor was the strategically location of turkey which play an obvious role in strengthen this inclination especially in the cold was period through standing against the extending aims of the soviet union , beside that turkey hard to join to every thing that relate to Europe through admitting and participating in all west European organization and institution showing its keen interest to open to ward Europe and join to the European society ,beside that the political Turkish elite find in approaching to European union defense factor to protect their secular choice and stand against its decline especially after the increase of the Islamic tide and ruling the country through justice and development party. Most Turkish politics suspicious about the union intention toward their country and the union reliability became in a doubtful position on all levels In turkey wither from the ruler elite or the Turkish society and this distrust is a normal result of the European replies to the Turkishapplication of membership, since the European union had done a good gob through putting along term obstacles in turkey pathway , inspirit of all the effort that turkey spent to refine and reorganize its problems wither the national or international ones ,but it was faced with disregard and un interest move over that the European union continue in putting move and move obstacles, and the reason behind the union behavior was that the European union found it difficult to allow the admittance of a Muslim country with serenity million people to enter the Christian club.The Turkish realizing about the European countries unwilling to accept turkey as a member in their union make turkey reconsider about her choices and to find anew choices to move toward, and the most obvious alternatives to the European union was the middle East countries and the Islamic republics in middle Asia. Eventually and after studying the political and economic limits that prevent turkey from joining to the European union and the final result that we can conclude through this study is the permanent rejection to turkey membership and the constant hard work to prevent her from joining.

Author name: حيدر اسماعيل صالح محمد الدليمي

Supervisor name: منعم العمار | عبد علي كاظم المعمور

General topic: Political Science

Specific topic: Political Systems and Public Policies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - Faculty Of Political Science - Department Of Political Systems And Public Policies

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages: