Show: 25 50 75 100 Results

Search results: 75 out of 6,777

التسجيل الصوتي وحجيته في الاثبات الجنائي == Audio recording And its authority in the criminal prosecution

Author name: احمد رعد محمد الجيلاوي
Supervisor name: عمار عباس كاظم الحسيني
General topic: Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

التنظيم القانوني للجماعات المسلحة في القانون الدولي الانساني == Legal Regulation of Armed Groups in the Humanitarian International Law

Author name: احمد صبار عبد الامير
Supervisor name: صلاح جبير البصيصي
General topic: Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

دور النشر في تنفيذ القانون الدولي الانساني == The Role of Dissemination in International Humanitarian Law Implementation

Author name: احمد يعقوب ابراهيم الاسدي
Supervisor name: حيدر كاظم عبد علي
General topic: Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

الامن الانساني ابعاده وتطبيقاته في ضوء القانون الدولي العام == Human Security : its Dimensions and Applications in the Light of International Public Law

Author name: جبر ياسين لفته الشافعي
Supervisor name: احمد عبيـــس الفتـــــلاوي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

تفويض الصلاحيات المتبادل بين السلطة المركزية والمحافظات في دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005 : دراسة مقارنة == MUTUAL AUTHORIZATION OF POWERS BETWEEN THE CENTRAL AUTHORITY & THE PROVINCES IN THE CONSTITUTION OF IRAQ FOR THE YEAR 2005 “COMPARATIVE STUDY”

Author name: جمال ناصر داود حسن
Supervisor name: عدنان عاجل عبيـــد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

المسؤولية الدولية عن الاشعاعات النووية و الكهرومغناطيسية == The international liability of radiation Nuclear and electromagnetic

Author name: رشا عقيل عبد الحسين عبد الحسن
Supervisor name: احمد عبيس نعمه الفتلاوي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

اوجه الحماية المدنية والادارية للمال العام في القانون العراقي : دراسة مقارنة == The Civil and administrative Protection Aspects of the Public Domain ' A Comparative study'

Author name: محمد طعمة حاتم البيضاني
Supervisor name: رياض حسين ابو سعيدة | سعيد علي غافل
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

المركز الدستوري لرئيس الدولة في الشريعة الاسلامية ومجموعة من الدساتير العربية المعاصرة

Author name: محمد فاضل عباس مطلق المعمار
Supervisor name: علي يوسف الشكري
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

عدم مسؤولية الدولة عن اعمال القضاء : دراسة مقارنة == The State Irresponsibility for the Judicial Work comparative study

Author name: جعفر وادي عباس
Supervisor name: سعيد علي غافل
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

الادعاء العام في المحكمة الجنائية الدولية الدائمة

Author name: ايناس حمزة سلمان
Supervisor name: عباس عبود عباس
General topic: Law
Specific topic: International Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

علاقة رئيس الدولة برئيس مجلس الوزراء في النظام البرلماني : دراسة مقارنة == The Relation of the President and Prime Minister in the Parliamentary Regime Comparative Study

Author name: علا عبد العزيز محمد المدني
Supervisor name: علي يوسف الشكري
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

القضاء الدولي والسيادة الوطنية الجوانب الاجرائية وتنفيذ الاحكام : دراسة تحليلية تطبيقية

Author name: وداد مهدي هادي الاسدي
Supervisor name: عباس عبود عباس
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

التعاون بين السلطتين التشريعية والتنفيذية في النظام البرلماني : دراسة مقارنة == The Cooperation between Legislative and Executive Powers in parliamentary system A comparative study

Author name: نصير كاظم عبيد العيساوي
Supervisor name: رافع خضر صالح شبر
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

حق رئيس الدولة في تعديل الدستور : دراسة في الدساتير العربية == The Right of State President in Constitution Amending A Study on Arab Constitutions

Author name: غصون علي عبد الزهرة الوائلي
Supervisor name: علي يوسف عبد النبي الشكري
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

اليات مكافحة الارهاب واثرها على حقوق الانسان == Tools of Combat Against Terrorism and its Effect on Human Rights

Author name: شذى عبودي عباس حسون البازي
Supervisor name: عباس عبود عباس
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

اتفاقية الامم المتحدة لمكافحة الفساد لعام 2003 وموقف التشريع العراقي منها : دراسة تحليلية مقارنة == The United Nations Agreement for Combating Corruption and the Attitude of the Iraqi Legislation (Analytical contrastive study

Author name: زينب محمود محمد حسين البعاج
Supervisor name: صلاح جبير البصيصي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

حق نقل جنسية الام : دراسة مقارنة == Right Of Transfer The Nationality Of The Mother A Comparative Study

Author name: كاظم فخري علي عبد
Supervisor name: خيرالدين كاظم عبيد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private International Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

اثر صفة اللاجئ السياسي على المركز القانوني للاجنبي : دارسة مقارنة == The Effect of the Political Refugee Status on the Foreigner's Legal Status (Comparative Study)

Author name: محمود شاكر رحيم الموسوي
Supervisor name: فراس كريم شيعان البضاني
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private International Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

الحماية الجزائية الموضوعية للوثائق المحفوظة : دراسة مقارنة == Substantive Criminal protection of archived documents ((A comparative study))

Author name: محمد حمزة عويد جاسم
Supervisor name: اسماعيل نعمة عبود
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

التعدد الحقيقي للجرائم واثره في العقاب : دراسة مقارنة بين القانون والفقه الاسلامي == The real multiplicity of crimes and their impact in punishment A comparative study between positive law and Islamic jurisprudence

Author name: سجاد ثامر كاظم عبد
Supervisor name: عمار عباس الحسيني | عباس حسين فياض
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

التعسف في استعمال الحق في الاجراءات القضائية الدولية : دراسة مقارنة == ARBITRARINESS IN THE USE OF RIGHT IN THE INTERNATIONAL JUDICIAL PROCEDURES (A Contrastive Study

Author name: صلاح عجمي جميل حمادي
Supervisor name: فراس كريم شيعان
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

حدود اختصاصات الوزارة في النظام البرلماني في الدولة الاتحادية : دراسة مقارنة == The limits of the powers of the ministry in the parliamentary system in the federal state (comparative study

Author name: كريم لفته مشاري عبد
Supervisor name: رافع خضر صالح شبر
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

الاسناد في القاعدة الجنائية الاجرائية : دراسة مقارنة == Ascription in the Procedural Criminal Rule (A Comparative Study

Author name: هدى عباس محمدرضا
Supervisor name: محمد اسماعيل ابراهيم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

المسؤولية الدولية عن اعمال السلطة القضائية == International responsibility for acts the judicial power

Author name: كـريم كاظــم كريم منشد
Supervisor name: حيدر كاظم عبد علي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

احكام جريمة الازعاج بواسطة الوسائل السلكية واللاسلكية : دراسة مقارنة == The provisions of the crime of harassment by means of telecommunications ((A comparative study

Author name: مصطفى كريم هادي عبد الزهرة
Supervisor name: منى عبد العالي موسى
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

خلافة الدول في الديون == Succession of States in debts

Author name: محمد جبار جدوع محمد العبدلي
Supervisor name: صدام حسين وادي الفتلاوي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

جريمة استيلاء الموظف على عقار : دراسة مقارنة == The Crime Of Employee Seizure Of Real Estate (A Comparative Study)

Author name: حسين جمعه محمد خلف
Supervisor name: حسون عبيد هجيج
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

جريـمة التصرف في مال الغير : دراسة مقارنة == The crime of disposing of the property of others (comparative study)

Author name: انتظار سوادي عيدان
Supervisor name: اسماعيل نعمة عبود
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

التنظيم القانوني لعقد القرض المجمع المصرفي : دراســـة مقارنـــة == Legal regulation of the syndication bank loan contract (Comparative Study A)

Author name: استبرق محمد حمزة محسن
Supervisor name: ذكرى محمد حسين الياسين
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Commercial Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

خصوصية الاثبات في مسائل الاحوال الشخصية : دراسة مقارنة == A Pritusvacy of proof in matters of personal status (A comparative study

Author name: وسام عبد الجبار عكاب الربيعي
Supervisor name: ام كلثوم صبيح محمد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: The Law of Evidence
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

النظام القانوني لمسؤولية اعضاء مجلس الدولة في العراق : دراسة مقارنة == The legal system for the responsibility of members of the State Council in Iraq

Author name: هالة قاسم محمد
Supervisor name: حنان محمد القيسي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

مسؤولية الادارة عن حوادث المركبات الحكومية == Management's responsibility for government vehicle accidents

Author name: نعمة سعيد عبد الله
Supervisor name: رشا عبد الرزاق جاسم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الاحكام القانونية لتنفيذ النفقات العامة للدولة : دراسة مقارنة == Legal provisions for the implementation of public expenditure of the state A comparative study

Author name: نجاح حسن سعد
Supervisor name: حيدر وهاب عبود
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اختلال التوازن بين السلطتين التشريعية والتنفيذية في النظام البرلماني : دراسة مقارنة == The Imbalance between the legislative and executive powers in the parliamentary system comparative study

Author name: مصطفى غازي حسن علي
Supervisor name: كاظم علي عباس الجنابي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الحماية الجنائية للاسرة : دراسة في دور الشرطة المجتمعية == Protection of Criminal for Family Study on the Role of Community Policing

Author name: محمد عيسى كاظم
Supervisor name: تميم طاھر احمد الجادر
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

المسؤولية المدنية للمستثمر في مجال الطاقة النفطية عن التلوث البيئي : دراسة مقارنة == The Civil responsibility of the investor in the field of oil energy for environmental pollution A comparative study)

Author name: فلاح حسن جعفر
Supervisor name: اسماء صبر علوان
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التعويض عن الاضرار الناتجة عن عمليات نقل وزراعة الاعضاء البشرية في العراق : دراسة مقارنة == Compensation for damage caused by human organ transplants A comparative study

Author name: علي محسن تركي الشمري
Supervisor name: محمد علي صاحب الموسوي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

النظام القانوني للوظائف المؤقتة في العراق : دراسة مقارنة == THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF TEMPORARY JOBS IN IRAQ A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Author name: علي سعيد مجيد دحدوح
Supervisor name: مازن ليلو راضي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تعدد المكونات واثره في النظام الدستوري في العراق : دراسة مقارنة == The multiplicity of components and its impact in the constitutional system in Iraq - A comparative study

Author name: علي حسين جابر العبودي
Supervisor name: كاظم علي عباس
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تسوية المنازعات في منظمة العمل الدولية == Settlement of disputes to the International Labour Organization

Author name: عدنان جبار عباس العكيلي
Supervisor name: خالد سلمان جواد | فراس عبد الرزاق حمزة
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

احكام التفريق قبل الدخول بين الشريعة والقانون == Judicial differentiation before entering a comparative study

Author name: شيرين حسين اكبر
Supervisor name: ام كلثوم صبيح محمد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Personal Status Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الابار النفطية العابرة للحدود وتسوية منازعاتها == Trans boundary Oil wells and settlement of their disputes

Author name: زينــــــة كــــــــــرم سالم
Supervisor name: هديــل صالح الجنابي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

طرق دفع مسؤولية الناقل في عقد نقل البضائع بحرا وفقا لاتفاقية روتردام لعام 2008

Author name: رؤى محمــد صعب
Supervisor name: فاروق ابراهيم جاســـــم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Commercial Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الخصومة الادارية العادلة : دارسة مقارنة == R ADMINISTRATIVE LITIGATAION A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Author name: رشيد ضاوي رشيد
Supervisor name: مازن ليلو ارضي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الحماية الجنائية للاقليات : دراسة مقارنة == Criminal Protection of Minoritiies Comparative study)

Author name: رانيا احـمـد الزركوشي
Supervisor name: بان حكمت الجاف
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

النظام القانوني لحركة الموظف في العراق : دراسة مقارنة

Author name: حيدر جبار عبد الله الجمالي
Supervisor name: علي احمد اللهيبي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

سلطة المفوضية العليا لحقوق الانسان في حماية الحقوق والحريات == Authority of High Commission For Human Rights in the protection of rights and freedoms

Author name: حـــميــد طارش ساجــت
Supervisor name: يمامة محمد حسن كشكول
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

سلطة الادارة في تقدير الدخل الخاضع للضريبة وتحصيلها : دراسة مقارنة == Administration authority to estimate and collect taxable income

Author name: حــســيـــن زايـــر جـــودة
Supervisor name: حيدر وهاب عبود
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

فكـرة الضــرر فـي القانــــون الجنائــــــي == Harm Theory In Criminal Law

Author name: حاتم عبد الكريم داود الطائي
Supervisor name: تميم طاهر احمد الجادر
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

النظام القانوني لتنفيذ الاحكام القضائية والتحكيمية الاجنبية في القانون العراقي

Author name: بتول حسن محمد
Supervisor name: طلال ياسين عبد الله العيسى
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Execution Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

حدود السلطة التشريعية في سن القوانين الضريبية : دراسة مقارنة

Author name: ايناس عبد الحسين ارحيمه
Supervisor name: حيدر وهاب عبود
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Financial Legislation
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دور التعددية الحزبية في التداول السلمي للسلطة : دراسة مقارنة == THE role of multiparty in the peaceful transfer of power (A comparative study

Author name: اسعد هلال عقيل
Supervisor name: كاظم علي عباس الجنابي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

النظام القانوني لجنسية الاشخاص الطبيعيين في حالة خلافة الدول == The Legal regime for the nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States

Author name: احمد يوسف محمود
Supervisor name: عبد الحميد محمود حسن
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private International Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الرقابة القضائية على قرارات المرافق العامة المهنية : دراسة مقارنة == Judicial control over decisions of professional public Services (Comparative Study

Author name: احمد عيسى شاكر
Supervisor name: رشا عبد الرزاق جاسم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الرقابة على مشروعية القرارات الادارية المتعلقة بالضرائب == control of the legality of administrative decisions related to taxes

Author name: احمد عبد الكريم ناصر
Supervisor name: مازن ليلو راضي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

النظام القانوني للخطا غير المغتفر في اطار اصابات العمل : دراسة مقارنة == Legal System For Non - Forgiving Error in the Context of Work Injuries

Author name: احمد عبد الرزاق حمزة
Supervisor name: محمد علي الطائي
General topic: Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

النظام القانوني للاوامر الرئاسية : دراسة مقارنة == the legal system of presidential orders Comparative study

Author name: احمد عباس حمود
Supervisor name: حنان محمد القيسي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الانحباس المنشئ لحق المرور : دراسة مقارنة == The obstruction originator right of passage A comparative study

Author name: علي ياسين لعيبي
Supervisor name: درع حماد عبد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الاثار القانونية للفسخ التعسفي لعقد العمل الفردي : دراسة مقارنة == The Legal Effects of Abusive Resoulution for individual labour contract " Comparative stud

Author name: حسين جابر هاشم الفحام
Supervisor name: مها نصيف جاسم اللهيبي
General topic: Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

النظام القانوني لعقد اجارة الخزائن في القانون العراقي : دراسة مقارنة == The Legal System for the lease of safes contract in Iraqi Law (Comparative Study

Author name: خميس علاوي بدن
Supervisor name: مها نصيف جاسم اللهيبي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الضبط الاداري في نطاق الصحة العامة في العراق == Administrative control in public health in Iraq

Author name: فيـــصل جبــر عباس
Supervisor name: عيسى تركي خلف الجبوري
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الحماية الجنائية لاموال القاصرين : دراسة مقارنة == The Criminal Protection for underage property A comparative Study

Author name: حوراء احمد شاكر محمود
Supervisor name: اسراء محمد علي سالم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: ان الحماية الجنائية لاموال القاصرين تتمثل بالنصوص القانونية التي يقرها المشرع لحماية اموال القاصرين من الاعتداءات التي تقع عليها سواء وردت تلك النصوص في قانون العقوبات ام في اي قانون اخر ،كما ان النصوص القانونية الخاصة بالحماية الجنائية لاموال القاصرين شانها شان جميع النصوص القانونية فهي محددة بنطاق تطبيق معين من حيث الزمان والمكان والذي من خلاله يمكن بيان مدى اهتمام المشرع بحماية هذه الاموال . كذلك فان توفير الحماية الجنائية الخاصة باموال القاصرين له ما يبرره حيث ان هذه الاموال عائدة لاشخاص غير قادرين على ادارة اموالهم والحفاظ عليها فهم لا يميزون بين التصرفات النافعة والتصرفات الضارة لهم ، لذلك اراد المشرع حماية اموال القاصرين خاصة من القائمين عليهم سواء كانوا اولياء ام اوصياء ام قيمين وذلك من خلال الاشراف عليهم ومراقبتهم ومحاسبتهم عن سوء ادارتهم لاموال القاصرين ، ولما كان القاصر غير قادر على ادارة امواله بنفسه والمحافظة عليها ، لذا فقد شرعت انظمة قانونية لرعاية مصالح القاصر وحماية امواله كالولاية والوصاية والقوامة فبموجب هذه الانظمة القانونية يتم ادارة اموال القاصر ومباشرة التصرفات القانونية نيابة عنه وذلك وفق قواعد واحكام محددة قانونا . وتاخذ الحماية الجنائية لاموال القاصرين صورتين فهي اما تكون حماية موضوعية وتتمثل بالنصوص الجزائية التي تجرم انماط السلوك غير المشروعة الماسة باموال القاصرين وتحديد العقوبات التي تترتب على ذلك كجريمة انتهاز حاجة قاصر والتي بها وفر المشرع حماية خاصة لاموال ممن يستغلون ضعف القاصر وحاجته وعدم خبرته فيحصلون منه على مال او سند مثبت لدين او مخالصة او الغاء هذا السند او تعديله مما يضر بمصلحته او بمصلحة الغير ، وجريمة الامتناع عن الابلاغ بوفاة شخص عن القاصر حيث الزم المشرع العراقي ورثة المتوفي البالغين وشركائه في المال ابلاغ مديرية رعاية القاصرين بوفاة الشخص الذي يكون احد ورثته قاصر خلال سبعة ايام من تاريخ الوفاة وعاقب على مخالفة ذلك ، واما ان تكون حماية اجرائية تتمثل بالنصوص الاجرائية التي تحدد الجهات المختصة بالكشف عن الجرائم الواقعة على اموال القاصرين والتحقيق مع مرتكبيها ومحاكمتهم . وتناولنا بالبحث الحماية الجنائية لاموال القاصرين ـ دراسة مقارنة ـ في ثلاثة فصول سبقتهم مقدمة ، فخصصنا الفصل الاول لماهية الحماية الجنائية لاموال القاصرين من خلال مبحثين تناولنا في المبحث الاول مفهوم الحماية الجناية لاموال القاصرين ، وبينا في المبحث الثاني ادارة اموال القاصرين والتصرف بها ، وكرسنا الفصل الثاني لبحث الحماية الجنائية الموضوعية لاموال القاصرين وذلك في مبحثين افردنا المبحث الاول لجريمة انتهاز حاجة قاصر ، وتناولنا في المبحث الثاني جريمة الامتناع عن الابلاغ بوفاة شخص عن القاصر ، واستعرضنا في الفصل الثالث الحماية الجنائية الاجرائية لاموال القاصرين في مبحثين تناولنا في المبحث الاول اجراءات الدعوى الجزائية في الجرائم الواقعة على اموال القاصرين في مرحلة ما قبل المحاكمة ، وبينا في المبحث الثاني الحماية الجنائية الاجرائية لاموال القاصرين في مرحلة المحاكمة والطعن ، ثم انهينا البحث بخاتمة خصصناها لاهم ما توصلنا اليه من استنتاجات ومقترحات | The Criminal Protection for property underage present in the law text that recognizes the legislator of the criminal for property underage present , from text found in punishment law or any other law ,also that the protection of for property underage found in the base of the eslmic and mention in the holy of quran in many parts of it that motive to protect the orphan and weak person and protect their money and never taken their money ,and the alsona alnboai also motive to protect the money of orphan and never taka their money , also the mathhp alphka aleslmy to protect the underage and the protect their property , inaddition there is maney international law and agreemets that provided to the underage and their property . The crime of exploit the need of minor inorderto achieve and commits to find twosides are the moral croner and the physical corner in addition for this there must be special corners to other corners and this special corner is the person must be minor ( semen it ) or destroy by this person ( minor ) or others and the place that this crime achie veal by the money clutch ,quittance or camceled or modification , the punishment of this crime is different from it canmits in special case or normal case . The protect of criminal law for the for property underage take tow sides first subject protection which represent by penalty texts which criminal all behavion that illegal which these for property underage and limited the punishment of this crime and call the crime of needs to the underage of the property of the underage , the second side is the procednre protection which represent by procedures text which limit by sides and it to reveal by criminal crime that happen to the for property underage and inrestigate with person who committee it and punish them by the law. For this we want to put under light The Criminal Protection for property underage in the legislation of Egyptian law ,Jordan law ,Morocco law ,France with compare it Iraqi legislation from this divide research in to three part . we pointed the first chapter for studying what we called the criminal Protection for property underage by two researches ,from the first research what we called the Criminal Protection for property underage ,by second research we mentioned the definition of the property underage and administration these . we devoted the second chapter from this reseach for the subjection the criminal Protection for property underage by two groups the first group devotes the needs of underage and the second group criminal dishonesty for property underage . In the third chapter we mention the criminal Protection procedures for property underage by two groups , in first group we studied the criminal Protection for property underage before the age of the court judgment , we offer in second group the criminal Protection for property underage after the court judgment , in the end of this research we offer the most important results suggestions

خلافة الدول في جنسية الاشخاص الطبيعيين : دراسة في القانون الدولي العام == States’ Succession in the Natural Persons Nationality A Study in the Public International Law

Author name: ابو طالب هاشم احمد حمادي
Supervisor name: طيبة جواد حمد المختار
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: This study deals with the nationality of the natural persons after any of the states’ succession, as one of the important subjects on the practical applied level and on the level of the international relations as well, because any change of a state sovereignty has a great effect on different aspects concerning the international community and the public interests such as the international treaties and the possibility of transferring these treaties from the predecessor state to the successor state especially after the appearance of ( the White sheet ) principle and ( the state continuity) principle. The first principle based on the impossibility oftransferring a treaty concluded by the predecessor state to the successor state, while the second principle aims to obligate the successor to apply the international treaties, because the legal personality of the state is kept in spite of the sovereignty change. The same thing is applied on the properties, money and debts. The regional sovereignty changes affect the nationality of the region’s subject, so this study is to show this effect. Nationality is one of the basic rights that the individual should enjoy as had been laid down by many of the international conventions of Human Rights Organization 1948, issued by the United Nations, and the two international conventions concerning the civil rights, the political rights, the social rights and the cultural rights 1966. The aim of this study is to deal with the negative effect of states’ succession on the natural persons, considering that the public law stated the principle of the state right of organizing its subjects nationality affairs : naturalization and denaturalization. This principle is valid for all the natural persons in the predecessor and successor states, and this could result in having more than one nationality, or in been without a nationality, and this, in its turn, would result in many problems on the level of the individual - states relation, and the individual relation with the international community, leading in a international conflict. It also affect the person residency after the succession, and the family members’ nationality. One of the important subjects that had been dealt with in this study is to grant the individuals the right of choosing the nationality, not to distinguish the individuals concerning naturalization or denaturalization. The reports of the international organizations concerning the human rights indicate that the state’s succession participates greatly in the non - nationality phenomena. The international law conventions did not neglect this matter; the convention of 1954 treated the legal status of those who do not have a nationality, and that of 1962 attempt to limit this phenomena. Worthy mention that the international law conventions attempted hardly to treat all the negative effect of nationality in case of states’ succession by establishing a number of the international agreements and declarations such as the declaration of Venice 1996, issued by the European commission for democracy and law, the European nationality agreement 1997, the United nations agreement for the natural person nationality 2000( issued according to the public assembly decision No.55/153 in 12/12/2000) and the agreement of the council of Europe 2006 where all those agreements aimed treat all the negative effect of nationality in case of states’ succession and organize the region’s citizens, or part of the region, which the international law called the states’ partial succession, and in the case of union or separation which is called the total succession. The thesis is divided into three chapters preceded by an introduction. The first chapter deals with the general conception of states’ succession with its linguistic and traditional meaning, showing the conventional attitude upon this subject, exhibiting the types of the states’ succession( partial and total), the destiny of the legal personality of the predecessor state and the effects of these two types concerning the agreements, money, properties, debts and preservations and the legal system. It also shows the attitude of the two agreements of Vienna( 1978 and 1983), and the other international exercises. This chapter exhibits thetraditional and modern theories that explain the legal nature of states’ succession( the global heritage) and( gathering the deductive and inductive methods) respectively. In addition to other important points. The second chapter studies the public judgments organizing nationality in the cases of states’ succession via tackling the main principles( naturalizing and denaturalizing) and the right of choosing the nationality, with the criteria that are followed in naturalizing and denaturalizing stated by the international agreements especially the agreement of the United nations 2000 where the 21st and 25th articles refer to the detailed judgments of each case of states’ succession. The third chapter is devoted to the effects of states’ succession on nationality, and the sequences in the state interior regime and the international regime as well as the foreign relations. It submits the ways of limiting these phenomena according to the international agreements. How to settle the disputes arising from states’ succession is also mentioned in this chapter according to the international agreements and declaration such asthe declaration of Venice 1996, the European nationality agreement 1997, United nations agreement for the natural person nationality 2000 and the agreement of reducing the no - nationality cases instates’ succession. It is necessary to explain the role of the international judiciary authorities represented by the international arbitration and the international court of justice, where the international judiciary authorities judgments participated in creating international principles governing the nationality instates’ succession. The thesis is ended with the conclusion that includes the most important results and recommendations. The subject had been studied philosophically and analytically in the terms of the public international law and theinternational judiciary authorities compering with the international practices concerning the nationality destiny instates’ succession.

الارتباط في اجراءات التقاضي : دراسة مقارنة == Link in litigation proceedings Comparative Study

Author name: مروى عبد الجليل شنابة حميد
Supervisor name: هادي حسين الكعبي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Procedure Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The idea of a link between procedural work has a significant role and can not be underestimated within the procedural structures of the various civil law systems, reflecting the full effectiveness of the various procedural tools in those systems. The procedural work is thus linked to the legislator's objective of granting objective, Legal persons. By establishing the link between procedural action and its valuation, a dispute resolution before the court can be settled within the principle of the economy of proceedings in terms of time or expenditure or through which it is possible to put an end to conflicting provisions that are not easily enforceable in resolving the dispute before the Court in a comprehensive manner from all its elements , As if the link had broadened the scope of the litigation against the competent court to accept new applications or to include other related claims; in other words, the link between the procedural proceedings would bring justice to the proceedings. Accordingly, the work of the association is defined as a procedural concept in the field of litigation, defined as any positive course that is part of the proceedings may relate to its initiation, participation in or termination of its liability, direct procedural effect, and an indirect objective effect of legal protection of the rights to be protected. However, what is worth mentioning is that these procedures differ in terms of their content, form and people. Some are issued by the judge, such as judicial decisions and judgments, and others are initiated by his assistants such as the judicial assistant, informants or experts. The other part of the proceedings is carried out by the litigants or their. agents or third parties, Each of these procedural actions has a specific objective that the legislator seeks to achieve by organizing each litigation procedure. However, some of these actions can only be achieved by linking it with another procedural action or by establishing a link between more than one procedural action. Since the legislator aims at the unity of the existing case or the simplification of its procedures, we find it in certain subjects that necessitates the link between procedural action and another or between more than procedural work and other topics we find that opponents or judges or even others sometimes activate the idea of the link between procedural actions, The legislator aims at simplifying the formality of procedures by simplifying the formality of procedures, thus simplifying the performance of its work and thus reducing the severity of this formality, in such a way as to minimize the cases of procedural waste and to summarize the cases and related claims. In other words, engagement can only be achieved through legal rules that must be allowed or allowed to be realized between procedural actions in accordance with the legislator's philosophy of how to achieve the objectives they have addressed in judicial proceedings. It is therefore possible to define it as a legal idea created by the procedural law to indicate the link between a procedure and another of the proceedings between different procedural systems or in a single procedural system and can be achieved even within a framework of procedural action; Conflicting or difficult to implement and thus achieve the proper functioning of justice in the proceedings. The correlation between procedural actions reflects the controls on which litigation is based, both in terms of the economics of the proceedings, in terms of time and expenses, or in terms of preventing contradictory or difficult provisions, and thus ensuring the proper functioning of justice in the proceedings. Through the organization of the rules of the Code of Civil Procedure, under which the substantive rules are put into practice, justice is also the objective that the judge must achieve by performing his function by applying the law procedural or substantive to the dispute.

الحجية القانونية للقرينة القضائية في الاثبات المدني : دراسة مقارنة == Legal evidence for judicial contexture in Civil prove (comparison study

Author name: جعفر صادق هاشم فاضل
Supervisor name: وسن قاسم الخفاجي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Procedure Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Legal contexture is considered one of the evidences prove in civil case because it doesnt lead directly in its references on reality which it is wanted to prove but it is concluded by inspection then it leads to others reality which it connects with event which it is wanted to prove as firm connection the second event is considered as replaced event which it is provable for the first evidence. Judge is required to explain the references and he relies on regular context for occurrences or normal currencies for circumstances then he chooses from all the possible explanations for events or references in particular explanation and he decides on this Explanation and it is considered the real reference which develops the references therefore the judicial contexture is reproduced it related to judge work so it is free to follow or reject it therefore the legislator confesses with estimated authority for Judge to estimate the evidence in case the law doesnt published the truth of judicial contexture but it gives the Judge the authorization to direct the estimated authority toward it.

علاوة الاصدار في الشركات المساهمة : دراسة مقارنة == Premium in the company's contribution Comparative Study)

Author name: رحيم عبيد عطية الاسدي
Supervisor name: ابراهيم اسماعيل ابراهيم الربيعي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Commercial Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: It is well known that all companies have a great role in the commercial and economic life of societies. They have a role to play in the development and revitalization of the commercial movement and its economic development through various projects. As these companies grow and expand continuously , And the need for this expansion of large capital, sought to achieve this purpose, and is seeking to increase capital to specific ways under the law, and perhaps the most prominent and most used is to resort to increasing capital, by offering new shares to the public to subscribe , Or to resort to the approach This is often preferred by companies because of the disadvantages that are not in the interest of the company, perhaps the most prominent is the large size of interest imposed by the banks on these companies, as well as shortening the duration of these loans, Is a burden on companies, so they appeal to the public to borrow from it, through the issuance of loan bonds and put up for subscription.The use of a joint stock company is the first method, which is the introduction of new shares offered to the public for the purpose of subscription, sometimes paid these companies, to set the price of the share value higher than the price determined by law, which is under the Iraqi Companies Law No. (21) of 1997 This increase is due to the preservation of the rights of the old shareholders on the one hand and to the company's prestige and economic reputation on the other. This increase in the value of the share exceeds the price determined by law, Shares.The use of the shareholding company for the second method of increasing its capital, borrowing from the public, through the issuance of loan bonds equal to the value of the increase of the expansion, the joint stock companies and in order to achieve the greatest possible subscription to these bonds, the issuance of bonds (including bonds) The premium is different in meaning from the share premium, because it does not represent an increase in the value of the underlying bond. The idea is that the company takes from the subscriber less than the value of the nominal bond. Be committed to return the bond value With a commitment to pay the periodic benefits of the bond to the Subscriber.Therefore, our study will focus on building an integrated legal entity for the premium of the issue, whether in shares or bonds, and this is achieved through the statement of the concept of this premium by defining its definition and characteristics and the reasons for imposing them and their conditions and legal adaptation and then distinguish them from the suspect, And determine the entity responsible for the imposition and the requirements and controls of this imposition, specifying the methods of calculating this allowance and any account can be included and placed, and determine the extent of the company's ability to act in any area on the other hand, and we will work to identify the effects that entail To be imposed by the company This allowance

الحماية الجنائية لسير العدالة : دراسة مقارنة == Criminal protection of the conduct of justice (comparative study)

Author name: فخري جعفر احمد علي
Supervisor name: حسون عبيد هجيج
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: العدالة تمثل الاساس الذي يجب ان تقوم عليه الدولة لتحقيق غايتها المتمثلة بالخير العام للمجموع والخير الخاص لكل فرد,ويجب ان توضع على اساسها القوانين الصادرة عن ارادة المشرع , كما ان العدالة هي الاساس الذي تستمد منه هذه القوانين قوتها الملزمة للافراد ,فالعدالة تقتضي اطاعة القوانين التي تسنها الدولة,لكن الطاعة للقانون لا تكون في جميع الاحوال بنفس المستوى,فطاعة القانون تقل في الحالات الخاصة التي يكون فيها نظام الحكم في الدولة استبداديا ظالما,وعندها يظهر بوضوح ان القانون مخالف للعدالة ولمنطق العقل وغير جدير بالاحترام. وقد عمدت الدول من خلال التشريعات الجنائية الى تحديد كل سلوك اتفق افراد المجتمع على عده سلوكا منحرفا,وغير متالف مع مفاهيم المجتمع واخلاقياته,وجرمته واقرت له عقوبات تنزل بكل من تسول له نفسه الاخلال بامن المجتمع او التعدي على حقوقه او حقوق اي فرد من افراده, وانشات لهذه الغاية اجهزة متخصصة,اوكلت اليها امر التنفيذ والقيام بواجب الملاحقة , وهيات لها افضل الظروف والفرص من اجل احقاق الحق. فالحق هو ادراك للحقيقة واقامة للعدالة في ان واحد,فهو من ناحية ادراك الحقيقة الواقعة, وهو من ناحية اخرى تعديل لهذه الحقيقة عما هي عليه من تعارض مع العدالة القانونية,لتصبح متطابقة معها,فالعدالة تتحقق اذا كان الفعل الفردي عادلا غير مخل بقواعد السلوك التي يسعى كل فرد عاقل الى اتباعها متفقا مع صالح المجموع. والدولة لا تقوم بممارسة حقها في حماية سير العدالة من دون ضوابط تبين الحدود التي يجب على المشرع ان يلتزم بها في تحريم انماط السلوك الذي يخل بسير العدالة ويضر بالمصالح الاساسية في المجتمع,فالمشرع يتنازعه عند سن التشريعات الجزائية في هذا الشان تياران متعارضان هما : تيار المصلحة العامة وتيار المصلحة الخاصة,والتشريع الامثل هو الذي يصل الى التوفيق والمواءمة بين هذين التيارين او بالاحرى بين هاتين المصلحتين . وقد اهتمت المجتمعات الحديثة بسير العدالة فقررت في تشريعاتها الجنائية الحماية الجنائية لسير العدالة لتحقق اثارها المرجوة في المجتمع من عدل وامن واستقرار,وضمان استقلال القضاء ونزاهته ليؤدي وظيفته بعيدا عن كل ما يمس سير العدالة او يحرفه عن الحق والعدل؛ليكفل تحقيق العدالة في المجتمع. والحماية الجنائية التي اقرتها التشريعات الجنائية لسير العدالة هي ذات شقين لا تكتمل الا بهما : الاول حماية جنائية موضوعية لسير العدالة تتمثل في تجريم بعض الافعال التي تخل بسير العدالة وتحديد العقوبات المناسبة لها في نصوص اوردها المشرع في القوانين العقابية.والشق الثاني حماية جنائية اجرائية لسير العدالة تتمثل في مجموعة الاجراءات الجزائية التي اقرها المشرع في القوانين الاجرائية لملاحقة مرتكبي الجرائم الماسة بسير العدالة والقبض عليهم وتقديمهم للمحاكمة. ولما تقدم,ولغرض الاحاطة بموضوع الاطروحة ( الحماية الجنائية لسير العدالة ) تم تقسيم البحث على ثلاثة فصول تسبقها مقدمة,خصص الفصل الاول لماهية الحماية الجنائية لسير العدالة وفيه بيان مفهوم الحماية الجنائية لسير العدالة واساسها ونطاقها ومبرراتها في ثلاثة مباحث,والفصل الثاني خصص للحماية الجنائية الموضوعية لسير العدالة لبيان الجرائم المعرقلة لسير العدالة والجرائم المعطلة لسير العدالة في مبحثين.اما الفصل الثالث فخصص للحماية الجنائية الاجرائية لسير العدالة لعرض الحماية الجنائية الاجرائية لسير العدالة خلال مراحل الدعوى الجزائية المتمثلة في مرحلة التحري | Justice is the basis on which the state should be established to achieve its goals which are : public and private welfare for each individual and to apply on the same basis all the laws which the legislator puts on display according to his will - bearing in mind that justice is the source from which laws take their power which bind the individuals to them - ; therefore justice necessitates full obedience to the laws which are issued by the state, but this does not mean that at all times a man - made law is binding but rather obedience is to be followed in special cases when the ruling system of the state is despotic and oppressive and thus it will appear crystal clear that a man - made law runs opposite to justice and its respect is unbinding. Countries are determined, through punitive legislations, to restrict the authority of every conduct agreed upon by the group, considering it a perverted conduct and doesn’t run harmoniously with the concepts of the society and its ethics, but rather criminalized it and issued punishments against everyone who disturbs social security or transgresses over his rights or the rights of any individual of the society for this reason, it has prepared specialized experts to whom were delivered the task of executing them and the duty of follow up the proceedings as well as arranging the best conditions and opportunities for putting right in its due location. Right is but the recognition of truth at the same time. It is, on the one hand, the recognition of the occurred truth, and amendment to this truth on the other hand - as to what bears of opposition to the lawful justice to go in accord with it. so, justice can be achieved if the individual act is just and rightly follows the rules of good behavior which every wise individual wishes to follow and goes in agreement with the welfare of the group. The state does not practice its right in protecting the proceedings of justice without regulations which can demonstrate the limitations to be abided by in banning modes of conduct which will disturb the normal on - going of justice and spoil the principal interests in society. So, the legislator while starting to issue penal legislations in this respect, will encounter two opposing currents which are : the current of public interest and the current of special interest. Building on the foregoing, the typical legislation is that which can get to what harmonizes and reconciles between these two currents or rather between these two interests. Modern penal legislations have paid much attention to what makes justice go along without impediments and confusion, they, therefore, decided to establish in their penal laws - the penal protection for justice proceeding. To fulfill their desired effects in society with regard to justice security, stability and granting of judicial independence and integrity to implement its function away from everything that may disturb the smooth progress of justice or averts it from right and justice to grant the achievement of justice, fairness in society. The penal protection wets resolved the punitive legislation for the proceeding of justice is of two parts which can’t be completed without both : The first part is objective penal protection for the proceeding of justice represented in criminalizing some deeds which oppose moral behavior and impede the ongoing of justice and limitation of due punishments for such deeds in texts introduced by the legislator as punishment law; and the second part is penal protection proceeding for justice embodied in a number of penal procedures which have been resolved by the legislator within the proceeding laws to run after criminals who commit deeds which have much to do with justice, arrest them and bring them to courts of justice for trial. Building on the foregoing and for the sake of highlighting more upon the topic of this research ( The penal protection for justice proceeding ) the research has been divided into three chapters preceded by an introduction : The first chapter is specified for stating the essence of the penal protection for the proceeding of justice wherein includes explanation of the penal protection for the proceeding of justice and demonstration of its foundation scope and justifications in three researches. The second chapter is specified for objective penal protection for the proceeding of justice for stating the crimes which stand in the way of justice proceeding and the crimes which delay justice to proceed in two researches. But as for the third chapter, it is specified for penal protection proceeding of justice through the stages of penal complaint represented by the stage of investigation about the crimes and fact finding accumulation, and the stage of elementary investigation

القانون الواجب التطبيق على عقد التامين البحري : دراسة مقارنة == The law applicable on the maritime s insurance contracts A comparative study

Author name: امير اشكح عبد علي اشكح
Supervisor name: فراس كريم شيعان
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Commercial Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: يحظى عقد التامين البحري باهمية على المستوى الدولي كونه من عقود التجارة ذات البعد الدولي ومن العقود النموذجية,يربط مابين طرفين المؤمن والمؤمن له ويرتب التزامات متبادلة لكل منهما,ويثير هذا العقد اشكالية تتمثل بالقانون الواجب التطبيق عليه ومايعتري هذا التحديد من صعوبة خاصة اذا كان ضمنيا,فلا يثار اشكال اذا ما كان هذا التحديد صريحا كونه يمثل قانون الارادة,مع مراعاة القيود الخاصة بهذا الاختيار واهمها ان تكون صلة بين العقد والقانون المتفق عليه بين الاطراف,لكن الاشكالية غالبا ما ترافق التحديد الضمني للقانون الذي يحكم العقد مما يستدعي تدخل القضاء للبحث عن هذا القانون من خلال ظروف التعاقد وما يتمتع به القاضي من سلطة تقديرية , هذا من جهة ومدى تاتير صفة الاذعان على هذا التحديد كونها تؤثر بشكل او باخر على هذا التحديد وتتجلى هذه الصفه في البنود الخاصة بتحديد القانون الواجب التطبيق (تنازع القوانين) وتحديد المحكمة المختصة لنظر النزاعات المتعلقة بهذا العقد (تنازع الاختصاص القضائي) وبالتالي تلعب القواعد العامة الواردة في القانون الداخلي دورا في رفع الشروط التعسفية الواردة في هذا العقد او تعديلها بما يكفل رفع هذا التعسف وكون ان هذه القاعدة واردة في قانون داخلي الا ان لها قابلية على حل هذا التنازع الذي قد يظهر بالعقود الدولية بشكل عام وعقد التامين البحري بشكل خاص,كما يؤثر النظام العام على تحديد القانون الواجب التطبيق على العقد كون ان تاثيره مزدوج الجانب فهو يعمل على تعطيل القانون الواجب التطبيق كونه يتعارض مع النظام العام لدولة القاضي,وجلب الاختصاص لقانون اخر وغالبا مايكون هو قانون القاضي,اي تتعطل قاعدة الاسناد وتحل محلها قاعدة موضوعية في القانون المختص | The contract of maritime insurance is important at the international level as itis a trade contract with an international dimension and model contracts, linking between the insured and insured parties, no forms are raised if this limitation is specific with the meanings of the restrictions imposed on each of its cost to search for this law through Working conditions and litigation, And on the one hand, and the extent to which the degree of compliance with this limitation has been altered as it affects in one way or another limitation. This distinction is reflected in the provisions on determining the applicable law (conflict of laws) and the determination of the competent court to hear disputes related to this contract The provisions of the internal law shall play a role in lifting the arbitrary conditions contained in this contract or amending them in such a manner as to ensure that such arbitrariness is lifted and that this rule is contained in domestic law but that it is capable of resolving this conflict which may appear in international contracts in general and maritime insurance in particular. Impact General System to determine the applicable contract law, the fact that the double impact, It is working to disrupt the applicable law because it is contrary to the public order of the state of the judge, and bring jurisdiction to another law and often is the law of the judge, which invalidates the rule of attribution and replaced by an objective rule in the relevant law

الهجرة غير القانونية في ضوء القانون الدولي == Illegal immigration In the light of international law

Author name: فاهم عباس محمد شنبارة
Supervisor name: صدام حسين وادي الفتلاوي
General topic: Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تعد تدفقات الهجرة غير القانونية من اخطر المشكلات العالمية التي تواجه المجتمع الدولي في الوقت الحاضر عموما، ودول المنشا، ودول العبور، ودول المقصد للمهاجرين خصوصا، ومثلت تحديا كبيرا لقواعد القانون الدولي النافذة، بسبب ضعف معالجتها للجوانب الانسانية في سياق هذا النوع من الهجرة، اذ لم ينظم جميع جوانبها واشكالها، ما ادى الى حصول ازدواجية في تعامل مختلف دول العالم المعينة بشانها.ان الامم المتحدة لم تحرم هؤلاء المهاجرين من حقوقهم الانسانية بغض النظر عن مركزهم القانوني، ومن الحماية الفعالة المقررة في صكوك حقوق الانسان العالمية، مع تاكيدها على اهمية تسوية وضعهم القانوني. وبسبب المخاطر الناجمة عن الهجرة غير القانونية على السلم والامن الدوليين، فقد نشطت المنظمات الدولية في معالجة هذه الظاهرة، من المسببات الى المساعدة الانسانية والتمكين والعودة الطوعية، وخاصة الى المهاجرين الذين فروا من دولهم بسبب النزاعات المسلحة او الحروب الداخلية او عدم الاستقرار الامني، الى دول اخرى بغية التماس ملجا امن لهم ولعوائلهم. وفي هذا السياق وضعت الامم المتحدة في اعلان نيويورك لعام 2016 الاسس القانونية للاتفاقية العالمية التي ستبرم عام 2018 من اجل ان تكون الهجرة امنة ومنظمة ومنتظمة, التي ركزت على البعد الانساني في معاملة المهاجرين غير القانونيين. تنبع اهمية بحث هذا الموضوع من توجيه الانتباه الى الحاجة الملحة لتطوير القواعد القانونية الدولية الخاصة بموضوع الهجرة غير القانونية، او تطوير مجالات عمل المنظمات والوكالات الدولية المعنية فيما يخص معالجة ظاهرة الهجرة غير القانونية. يفترض الباحث ضعف التنظيم الدولي للمركز القانوني للمهاجرين غير القانونيين بدوافع انسانية، على الرغم من ان القواعد القانونية الدولية قد منحت بعض الحقوق الاساسية للمهاجرين غير القانونيين.تنطلق مشكلة البحث في ان الفرد الذي يقوم بالهجرة غير القانونية من دولته الى دولة اخرى بحثا عن ملجا امن، لم يكن مخيرا بارادته بل مجبرا بسبب الظروف المختلفة، لذا يتعين ان لا يخضع الى المساءلة القانونية، بل يستلزم ان تمتعه الدولة المستقبلة بكافة الحقوق المنصوص عليها في الشرعة الدولية لحقوق الانسان والوثائق الدولية الاخرى. | Illegal migration flows are one of the most serious global problems facing the international community, the countries of origin, the Country of Transit and the Country of destination of migrants, and constitute a major challenge to the rules of international law because of their poor handling of humanitarian aspects in the context of such migration, Has not been regulated in all its aspects and forms, leading to duplication in the treatment of migration by the various countries of the world.The United Nations did not deprive these migrants of their human rights regardless of their legal status and effective protection established in universal human rights instruments, while stressing the importance of settling their legal status.Because of the dangers posed by illegal migration to international peace and security, international organizations have been active in addressing this phenomenon, from causes to humanitarian assistance, empowerment and voluntary repatriation, especially to migrants who have fled their countries because of armed conflict, internal wars or insecurity. In order to seek safe haven for themselves and their families. In this context, the United Nations, in the New York Declaration of 2016, laid the legal foundations for the Global Convention to be concluded in 2018 in order to ensure safe, and orderly migration, which focused on the human dimension of the treatment of illegal immigrants.II - The importance of research : The importance of this topic stems from drawing attention to the urgent need to develop international legal norms on the subject of illegal migration or to develop the areas of work of the relevant international organizations and agencies to cover the treatment illegal migration.III - Research hypotheses : The researcher assumes the weakness of the legal status of illegal immigrants on humanitarian grounds of the international organization, although international legal norms have granted certain basic rights to illegal immigrants.IV - Research Problem : The problem of research is that the individual who is illegally migrating from his country to another country in search of a safe haven was not voluntarily chosen but forced by the circumstances of war and security, hoping to get rid of the death of an investigator if he remained in his state. They requires that the Country of destination grant them all the rights provided for in the International Bill of Human Rights and other international documents.VI. Division of research : This research will be divided into an introduction, three chapters, a first chapter on illegal immigration, a second chapter on illegal immigrants' rights in international documents, and Chapter III on the role of international organizations in addressing illegal migration.VII. Main results : One of the most important findings is that the actual reality points to the continuing grave violations of the rights of illegal migrants in many countries of the world, such as detention or refoulement, in contravention of the rules of international law. And that the international legal regulation of illegal migration did not include all international norms that protected the rights of migrants, whether legal or illegal, in the States concerned. And that the United Nations was seeking to conclude the Global Agreement on Secure, and Organized Migration in 2018 under its auspices.

تفوق قانون القاضي على القانون الاجنبي : دراسة مقارنة == The judge's law is superior to foreign law A comparative study

Author name: محمد حسناوي شويع حسون
Supervisor name: عبد الرسول عبد الرضا جابر الاسدي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private International Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The issue of the law of the judge over foreign law is of special importance stemming from the search for cases of proven jurisdiction for the national law of law such as Iraqi law, for example, and the attempt of the law of the judge to unify the solutions through the application of one law in cases where the conflict of laws, and may be considered a drawing of the special limits for the use of foreign law .The national judge in each country applies the rules of attribution of its national law. This means that the judge initiates in his process to determine the legislative jurisdiction and application of this law by following a logical sequence of operations beginning with adapting the case before him and then determining the legislative jurisdiction (applicable law) And the development of the foreign law that it determines by its proper legal status.The jurists of private international law have agreed that the applicable foreign law under the rule of attribution in the law of the judge is the solution to the conflict of laws, but the subject of discussion represents a departure from this agreement by the obvious solution, through the application of the law of the judge (the law of the national judge) The application and the reversal of its legal status from the law of the state of the judge to the applicable lawThe issue of the superiority of the law of the judge on foreign law raises many problems, the most important of which is the attempt to avoid the consequences associated with the superiority of the judge's law, which leads to the violation of the legitimate expectations of the parties and the unfairness of their rights in the event that the rule of the relationship of health in accordance with the law of creation to nullification in accordance with the law of the judge and this of course not dangerous in their time The existence of the relationship and it is possible to overcome these results on the basis of creating harmony and harmony between the rules of attribution in the legal systems of the countries to which the parties belong, the researcher aspires to uphold the law of the judge in resolving the problems of conflict of laws by analyzing the complementary role Talking about the jurisprudence of private international law between international conflict law judge and foreign law applicable under national attribution rule.

السلطة التنظيمية للادارة في مجال تنفيذ القوانين : دراسة مقارنة == The Administrative Authority of the Administration in the Field of Law Enforcement

Author name: ثامر محمد رخيص حسين
Supervisor name: اسماعيل صعصاع غيدان البديري
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اذا كان البرلمان وطبقا لمبدا الفصل بين السلطات, يختص بوضع القوانين بوصفه ممثل الارادة العامة والمعبر عنها, الا ان الواقع العملي يشير الى ان البرلمان بحاجة الى سلطة تؤازره, لضمان تنفيذ ما يصدر عنه من قوانين, ولايراد التفصيلات التي يغفل عنها البرلمان في القوانين الصادرة عنه, وقد اوكلت هذه المهمة للادارة وتبرير ذلك يتمثل في حجتين : الاولى لعدم سعة وقت المشرع لتفصيل ما قننه بكل دقائقه, وسبب ذلك يعود الى قصر الدورة البرلمانية التي يهتم فيها البرلمان بتنظيم المسائل التي يزدحم بها جدول اعماله, ناهيك عن الدور الرقابي الذي يمارسه على اعمال الحكومة, اما الحجة الثانية فتتمثل في قلة الخبرات الفنية لدى البرلمان اذ لا يتمتع بالخبرات الكافية لتفصيل دقائق الامور, فتطبيق القانون يحتاج الى من يخبر الواقع العملي ويكون على اتصال دائم بالجمهور, اضافة الى طبيعة تشكيل البرلمان, اذ يتكون من مرجعيات سياسية ومذهبية متباينة ليس باستطاعتها الخوض في المسائل الفنية التي تحتاج الى خبرات متميزة مما تدعو لايكال ذلك الى سلطة الادارة لما تمتلكه من خبرات فضلا عن احتكاكها اليومي بالجمهور الذي يؤهلها الى تقدير احتياجاته.واستنادا الى هذه المسوغات اوجدت السلطة التنظيمية للادارة في مجال تنفيذ القوانين, والتي تجد اساسها في نص المادة (21) من الدستور الفرنسي لسنة 1958, والفقرة (5) من المادة (60) من دستور دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة لسنة 1971, وفي العراق تجد سندها في البند (ثالثا) من المادة (80) من دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005, ويترتب على الاساس الدستوري لهذه السلطة امور ثلاثة : اولها ان كل قاعدة عامة مجردة وغير شخصية تصدرها الادارة بهدف تنفيذ قانون ما تعد انظمة تنفيذية, وثانيها ان هذه السلطة تؤسس بموجب ارادة السلطة التاسيسية التي تنشئها بموجب الدستور وتمنحها وظيفتها, وثالثها يوحي ان سلطة الادارة في مجال تنفيذ القوانين هي استثناء من الاصل العام وهي مقصودة لغيرها وللمنافع المتوخاة منها لا لذاتها, لذا لا يمكن الارتكان اليها الا لمسوغات تبررها حتى لا تمثل تطاولا على السلطة المختصة بالتشريع اصلا مما يؤثر سلبا في مبدا الفصل بين السلطات التي تتبناه الدساتير الحديثة, وان اساس ممارسة هذه السلطة يتم ضمن شروط وحدود معينة يسهم الدستور والمشرع والقضاء الاداري برسم حدودها والزام الادارة على الالتزام بها كلما ارادت استخدام سلطتها في مجال تنفيذ القوانين.وتتمحور اشكالية البحث في معالجة الحالات التي تنحرف بها الادارة في سلطتها في تنفيذ القوانين لتحقيق غايات غير التي ارادها المشرع لتتخذ من حجة تنفيذ القوانين ذريعة تسعى من خلالها لتقويض الارادة العامة بحيث تسعى لتعديل القوانين او تعطيلها او الاعفاء من تنفيذها وهو ما يتنافى مع الغرض من وجود هذه السلطة, الامر الذي يتطلب البحث عن معيار لعلاج هذه المشكلة للتاكد من حقيقة الانظمة التنفيذية التي تصدرها الادارة ومدى توافقها مع ارادة المشرع ببيان حدود وسلطة الادارة في مجال تنفيذ القوانين, وهذا من ابرز الاهداف التي يسعى البحث الى تحقيقها من خلال ايضاح الحدود الموضوعية والشكلية لسلطة الادارة في هذا المجال, وقد اتبع المنهج الفلسفي التحليلي المقارن في دراسة هذا البحث, واختيرت فرنسا كنطاق لتطبيق هذا البحث كونها ذات تجربة عريقة في هذا المجال, فضلا عن دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة كونها دولة ذات شكل اتحادي فيدرالي, اضافة الى جمهورية العراق كونها اساس هذه الدراسة, وقسمت خطة البحث على ثلاثة فصول الاول خصص لجوهر السلطة التنظيمية للادارة في مجال تنفيذ القوانين من حيث مضمونها وخصوصيتها ثم اساس هذه الانظمة، ويعقبه الفصل الثاني لبيان حدود سلطة الادارة في هذا المجال ببيان الحدود الشكلية والموضوعية لهذه السلطة, بينما افرد الفصل الثالث لبيان الرقابة على حدود سلطة الادارة التنظيمية في تنفيذ القوانين من حيث الحدود الدستورية وحدود المشروعية.وتمخض عن هذه الدراسة خاتمة لخصت فيها اهم النتائج التي توصلنا اليها ثم ايراد اهم المقترحات التي تم طرحها خدمة للبحث العلمي, ومن اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث استخدام دستور جمهورية العراق لمصطلح "الانظمة" وهذا يخالف ما استخدمه الدستور الفرنسي ودستور دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة, اضافة الى انه على الرغم من النص على سلطة الادارة التنظيمية في مجال تنفيذ القوانين في البند (ثالثا) من المادة (80) من دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005 لم تحدد هذه المادة ضوابط او ترسم حدودا لممارسة الادارة لسلطاتها في هذا المجال, وقد اسهم القضاء الاداري بدوره الانشائي والفقه في رسم الحدود الموضوعية والشكلية لسلطة الادارة في هذا المجال, ومن ابرز المقترحات لمعالجة مشكلة هذا البحث هي : الاولى استخدام الدستور لمصطلح "اللوائح او اللائحة" كون هذا يتماشى مع مضمون العمل التشريعي الفرعي الصادر عن الادارة اضافة لتطابقه مع ترجمة المصطلح في الدستور الفرنسي واستخدامه في اغلب الدول العربية, اما الثانية فتتمثل في التوصية للسلطة التاسيسية المشتقة في اعادة النظر في الاساس الدستوري للوائح التنفيذية بحيث يصاغ البند (ثالثا) من المادة (80) من دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005 ليكون على النحو الاتي : - (يمارس مجلس الوزراء الاتحادي الصلاحيات الاتية : ...ثالثا - وضع اللوائح التنفيذية والتعليمات والقرارات اللازمة لتنفيذ القوانين الاتحادية, بما ليس فيه تعديل او تعطيل لها او اعفاء من تنفيذها, ويجوز بنص خاص في القانون او لمجلس الوزراء, تكليف الوزير الاتحادي المختص او اية جهة ادارية في اصدار اللوائح التنفيذية اللازمة لتنفيذ القوانين), وقد لعب الفقه والقضاء الاداري بدوره الرائد في رسم حدود اللوائح التنفيذية ضمن ضوابط محدد من ابرزها الاولى عدم مخالفة اللائحة للقانون والثانية فيجب ان تكون اللائحة ضرورية لتنفيذ القانون اما الثالثة فهي الا تخرج هذه اللوائح عن القصد الذي اراده المشرع من اصدار قانون معين واخيرا فهي عدم التعسف او الانحراف في سلطة الادارة في استعمال حق الاضافة بعدم التعرض للمسائل التي تمس اصل الموضوع الذي نظمه القانون | Parliament, in accordance with the principle of separation of powers, was concerned with the drafting of laws as the representative of the public expressed, but the practical reality indicated that the Parliament needed a power to support it, to ensure the implementation of its laws, And this task was delegated to the administration. This is justified by two arguments : the first is the lack of time for the legislator to detail his condemnation in all his minutes, and this is due to the short parliamentary session in which the Parliament is interested in organizing the issues that are crowded on its agenda, not to mention the oversight role it carries on the work. The second argument is the lack of technical expertise in the parliament, as it does not have enough expertise to detail the minutes of the matter, law enforcement needs to tell the practical reality and be in constant contact with the public, in addition to the nature of the composition of the parliament, consisting of different political and doctrinal references cannot go into Technical issues that require special expertise, which call for the management authority to possess the expertise, as well as the daily contact with the public that qualifies it to assess its needs.Based on these justifications, the administrative authority of the administration has been established in the field of law enforcement. This is found in the text of Article 21 of the French Constitution 1958 and Article V of Article 60 of the Constitution of the United Arab Emirates. In Iraq, (80) of the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq 2005, and the constitutional basis of this authority three things : first, that all general rules abstract and impersonal issued by the Department for the implementation of a law is the executive regulations, and the other that this authority is established under the will of the constituent authority that creates under the Constitution and give it its function, the latter suggests that the authority of the administration in the implementation of the laws is an exception to the general origin and intended for others to the benefits envisaged for itself, and therefore cannot be relied upon to justify justifications so as not to affect the authority of the competent legislation in the original, which negatively affects the principle of separation of powers adopted by the modern constitutions , And that the basis of the exercise of this power is within certain conditions and limits contribute to the Constitution and the legislator and the administrative judiciary to draw its borders and obligate the administration to abide by whenever it wants to use its authority in the implementation of laws.The problem of research is to deal with situations in which the administration deviates from its authority in implementing laws to achieve goals other than that which the legislator wanted to take from the pretext of implementing the laws as an excuse to undermine the public will to amend the laws or to disable them or exempt them from implementation, which is contrary to the purpose of existence This authority, which requires searching for a standard to address this problem to ascertain the truth of executive regulations issued by the Department and its compatibility with the will of the legislator to define the limits and authority of the administration in the field of law enforcement, and this is one of the most important goals that this research seeks to achieve from vinegar. It was followed by a comparative analytical philosophical approach in the study of this research, and France was selected as a domain for the application of this research because it has a long experience in this field, as well as the UAE as a federal state in addition to adding to the Republic of Iraq as the basis of this study, and divided the research plan into three chapters. I was devoted to the essence of the regulatory authority of the Department in the implementation of laws in terms of content and privacy and then the basis of these systems, followed by the second chapter to show the limits of administrative authority in this area, and the objectivity of this authority, while the third chapter of the statement of control on the limits of the authority of administrative management in the implementation of laws in terms of constitutional limits and limits of legitimacy.The most important findings were the use of the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the term "regulations" and this is contrary to what was used by the French Constitution and the Constitution of the United Arab Emirates, In addition, despite the provision of the regulatory authority in the implementation of the laws in paragraph (III) of Article (80) of the Iraqi Constitution of 2005, however, this article did not specify controls or draw limits for the exercise of management of its powers in this area, Administrative in turn The first is the use of the constitution for the term "executive regulations" as this is in line with the content of the legislative work of the department, in addition to its conformity with the translation of the term in the French Constitution and its use of the majority of the Arab countries. The second is to recommend to the Constituent Constituent Authority to reconsider the constitutional basis of the executive regulations so that paragraph (III) of Article (80) of the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq 2005 is drafted as follows : The Council of Ministers shall exercise the following powers : Issuing the executive regulations, instructions and decisions necessary for the implementation of federal laws, including no amendment or disabling of them, or exemption from their implementation. A special provision in the law or the Council of Ministers may instruct the competent Federal Minister or any administrative authority to issue the executive regulations necessary to implement And the administrative judiciary has played its leading role in drawing the boundaries of the executive regulations within specific controls, the most prominent of which is the first not to contravene the regulations of the law and the second must be the regulation necessary for the implementation of the law and the third is that these regulations are excluded from the intention that the legislator wanted to issue One particular Finally, they are not arbitrary or deviation in administrative authority in using the right of adding without exposing to the issues that touch core subject organized by the law

الحماية الجنائية للاشياء المضبوطة : دراسة مقارنة == The Criminal Protection for seized objects A Comparative Study

Author name: امجد ناظم صاحب ال نصيف
Supervisor name: اسراء محمد علي سالم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: يكتسب موضوع (الحماية الجنائية للاشياء المضبوطة) اهميته الخاصة لاتصاله بالتحقيق الابتدائي والقضائي والذي من خلاله يمكن الوصول الى الحقيقة , وحماية مصلحة الافراد في الحفاظ على يمس حقوقهم وحرياتهم الفردية التي لا يجوز التعرض لها باي شكل من الاشكال الا في حدود ما يرسمه الدستور والقانون وعدم اتخاذ اجراءات بحق اشخاص لا علاقة لهم بارتكاب الجريمة , وحصر الادلة التي تثبت ارتكاب المتهم للجريمة , فالغاية الاساسية من وجود الاشياء المضبوطة تحت تصرف السلطة القضائية هو من اجل الاستعانة بها في الكشف عن الحقيقة والوقوف على مضمونها من خلال ضبط ما يتصل بالجريمة من اشياء لغرض ايجاد الدليل او تعزيز الدليل , فالاشياء المضبوطة قد تكون هي الادلة او يمكن الاستعانة بها في الوصول الى الادلة ومعرفة الجاني ومعاقبته لانه بارتكابه للجريمة قد اعتدى على كل من حق الفرد الذي وقعت عليه الجريمة وحق المجتمع معا . فالاشياء المضبوطة يمكن الاستعانة بها في التاكد من وقوع جريمة يعاقب عليها القانون, ومعرفة نوع الجريمة المرتكبة , والمكان الذي وقعت فيه والاسلحة والادوات التي استعملت في ارتكابها , اذ يمكن ان تتنوع الوسائل التي يستخدمها الجاني في ارتكاب الجريمة , وذلك تبعا لنوع الجريمة المرتكبة هذا من جانب ومن جانب اخر ان للاشياء المضبوطة دور في معرفة السبب الدافع لارتكاب الجريمة , والتعرف على شخصية الجاني من خلال استقراء ما تم ضبطه من اشياء تثبت ادانته وتقديمه للمحكمة المختصة لمحاكمته عنها . ان المبدا العام في المسائل الجنائية هو ان ضبط الاشياء كاجراء من اجراءات التحقيق الابتدائي يرد على موضوع الجريمة او محصلاتها او ما استعمل في ارتكابها , فالاشياء المضبوطة يقتضي وجوب صلتها بالجريمة كان تكون مما استعمل في ارتكابها من الالات او ادوات او اي اشياء منقولة اخرى او نتجت عن ارتكابها , وقد تكون من الاشياء التي وقعت عليها الجريمة كالاشياء المسروقة او انها مستقلة عن الجريمة المرتكبة التي يجري التحقيق بشانها الا ان هذه الاشياء التي تم ضبطها تعد حيازتها جريمة قائمة بذاتها , وكذلك ضبط كل ما يفيد التحقيق وكشف الحقيقة , فاذا لم يتحقق في الشيء المضبوط ما يفيد التحقيق فلا يجوز ضبطه , لذا يثير موضوع حماية الاشياء المضبوطة مشكلات كثيرة اهمها ما تثيره الحماية الجنائية وهي تضع مداها ونطاقها في تقييد الافراد من التمتع بحقوقهم على الشيء المضبوط والزام السلطة المختصة بالضبط بالقيود الاجرائية اتجاه ما تتخذه من اجراءات في ضبط الاشياء والمحافظة عليها والتصرف بها بعد انتفاء الغاية منها . | The subject of "Criminal protection of seized objects" acquires its special importance in relation with the objective of primary investigation in the access to truth and the interest of individuals in maintaining to the detriment of their individual rights and freedoms, which cannot be subjected in anyway except within the limits prescribed by the Constitution and the law and the failure to take proceedings against persons not connected with committing the crime, and the inventory of evidence to commit the accused to the crime. The basic purpose of the existence of the seized stuff at the disposal of the judicial authority is for use in detecting the truth and stand on its content and its significance by adjusting related to the crime of things for the purpose of a serious evidence or enhancement guide, knowledge of the offender and to punish him because he committed a crime had attacked both the right of the individual who signed the crime and the right of society together. The seized items can be used to ascertain the occurrence of a crime punishable by law, to know the type of crime committed, the place where it occurred, and the weapons and tools used to commit it. The means used by the offender may be varied depending on the type of offense committed on the one hand and the other hand, the seized items from which knowledge of the perpetrator and the motive for the reason of having committed them, and to identify the character of the offender through the extrapolation of what's set of things found guilty and submitted to the competent court for trial. The general principle in criminal matters is that the seizure of objects as a preliminary investigation procedure is the object of the crime or its proceeds or what was used in committing it. The seized items must be connected to the crime, such as that used in the commission of the crime of machinery and tools or movables or resulted from committing them. These things may have been committed by the crime or are independent of the crime committed and are being investigated, but those things that have been seized are possession of a crime in its own right, as well as seizing all that is useful for the investigation and revealing the truth, if the seized thing is not help the investigation, it is not permissible to justify it.The protection of seized objects raises many problems, he most important of which is the nature and scope of criminal protection in restricting individuals to the enjoyment of the rights them to the exact thing and to oblige the competent authority to take procedural restrictions in the direction of their actions in controlling and preserving objects. In order to get acquainted with the subject of the research, we have discussed three chapters. The first chapter deals with the nature of the criminal protection of the seized objects, which we have divided into three sections. The first section deals with the concept of criminal protection of seized objects. The second one deals with the legal basis for the criminal protection of seized objects. the third, we reviewed the types and subjectivity of the seized objects. The second chapter dealt with some of the applications of objective criminal protection of the seized things and included three sections. The first section studied the crime of disclosure of information about seized objects and use them. In the second we took the offense of assaulting the things submitted to the courts. In the third, we reviewed the crime of unsealing seals. The third chapter devoted to the procedural criminal protection of the seized things, which we divided into three detectives identified. In the first, the authorities are competent to protect the seized objects and the scope of protection. In the second, we explained the procedural controls to protect the seized objects. The third one devoted to the procedural provisions for the disposition of the seized objects.

التنظيم القانوني لعروض شراء الاسهم في سوق الاوراق المالية : دراسة مقارنة == Legal Regulation Of Stock Purchase Offers In The Stock Market A Comparative Study

Author name: نـهـى خالـد عيـسى جاسم المـعمـوري
Supervisor name: ابراهيم اسماعيل ابراهيم الربيعي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Commercial Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: ان عروض شراء الاسهم تعد وسيلة لشراء اسهم شركة ما، حيث يقوم الراغب في الشراء سواء اكان شخص طبيعي او معنوي باعلان رغبته الى الجهة المشرفة على العرض من خلال تقديم المستندات والمعلومات المطلوبة، وبعد موافقة الاخيرة على مشروع العرض واعتمادها له، تقوم باشعار صاحب العرض بذلك، لكي يعلن الشركة المستهدفة برغبته في شراء اسهمها. وهذا الشراء يكون بمقابل محدد مسبقا اما نقدا، او عينا اي عن طريق مبادلة اسهم باسهم، وفي كل الاحوال يكون سعر العرض اعلى من سعر السوق في الغالب. ويبقى عرض الشراء مفتوحا لمدة زمنية معينة؛ لكي يعلن خلالها المساهمون في الشركة المستهدفة رايهم من حيث قبول هذا العرض المطروح عليهم او رفضه. لذا فان عروض الشراء هي ايجاب عام غير قابل للرجوع فيه يوجهه صاحب العرض الى مساهمي الشركة المستهدفة لغرض شراء الاسهم التي يمتلكونها. وان الغرض من عروض الشراء لاستثمار اسهم الشركة المستهدفة، او لغرض السيطرة عليها، وذلك من خلال شراء الاسهم التي تتمتع بحق التصويت، باعتبار ان هذا النوع من الاسهم هو الذي يخول صاحب العرض الحق في التصويت على قرارات الهيئة العامة للشركة، والتمتع بعضوية مجلس ادارتها اذا ما بلغ نصاب الاسهم حدا معينا وفقا لنظام الشركة. ولكن السيطرة على الشركة من خلال عروض الشراء تتميز عن وسائل السيطرة الاخرى كالاندماج او شراء اصول الشركة المستهدفة، من حيث ان الشركة المستهدفة تبقى رغم السيطرة عليها متمتعة بالشخصية المعنوية المستقلة بكل ما يترتب على ذلك من اثار، ومن ثم تبقى محتفظة بذمتها المالية وخصومها واصولها، وهذا ما يطمئن دائنيها في الحصول على اموالهم، بينما هذه النتائج لا تتحقق اذا ما اتخذت السيطرة الوسائل الاخرى. سيما وان نظام عروض الشراء يحقق اكبر قدر من الشفافية في سوق الاوراق المالية بما يفرضه هذا النظام من ضرورة افصاح مقدم العرض عن نواياه وخططه المستقبلية تجاه الشركة المستهدفة بعد نجاح العرض وتحقيق السيطرة عليها، وكذلك الحال بالنسبة لمجلس الادارة في الشركة المستهدفة عليه الافصاح عن كل تفاصيل العرض للمساهمين حتى يكونوا على بينة من العرض المطروح عليهم، ومن ثم اتخاذ القرار الاستثماري الصحيح. فضلا عن ذلك ان نظام عروض الشراء يضمن تحقيق المساواة فيما بين المساهمين في الشركة المستهدفة؛ لان شروط العرض تقتضي ضرورة ان يكون مقدما الى جميع المساهمين ولا يكون مقصورا على بعضهم دون البعض الاخر، وان يكون بسعر واحد فلا يجوز التمييز بينهم في السعر، كما يحقق مصلحة اقلية المساهمين في الشركة المستهدفة باعطائهم الخيار بين البقاء في الشركة او الخروج منها بنفس شروط العرض . فضلا عن كونه يعد الية متطورة تسمح باعادة هيكلة الشركات المقيدة اسهمها في سوق الاوراق المالية، من خلال تحويلها من شركات خاملة الى شركات نشطة، بما يجعلها اكثر قدرة على مواجهة المنافسة الدولية، بدلا من انشاء مشروعات جديدة وما يستتبع ذلك من اجراءات معقدة وتكاليف. | The purchase offer is a means of buying a company's shares. The person wishing to buy, whether a natural person or a legal entity, declares his desire to the supervisor of the offer by submitting the required documents and information. After the latter approves the project, , In order for the target company to announce its desire to buy its shares. This purchase is predefined in cash or in kind through a share swap. In any case, the bid price is often higher than the market price. The offer shall remain open for a specified period of time in order for the shareholders of the target company to announce their acceptance of or rejection of such offer. Therefore, the offers of purchase are a general irrevocable affirmation directed by the bidder to the shareholders of the target company for the purpose of buying the shares they own. The purpose of the purchase offers is to purchase or control the shares of the target company through the purchase of shares that have the right to vote, since this type of shares entitles the bidder to vote on the decisions of the general assembly of the company and to enjoy the membership of its board if The share price reached a certain limit according to the company's system. But control of the company through the offers of purchase is characterized by other means of control, such as merger or purchase of the assets of the target company, in that the target company remains in spite of control, enjoying the independent moral personality with all the implications of this, and then keep the financial wealth and liabilities and assets, This will reassure their creditors to get their money, while these results can not be realized if other means are taken. Especially since the tender offers system achieve the greatest transparency in the stock market. This system dictates that the bidder should disclose his intentions and future plans towards the target company after the success of the offer and control of it. Also, the board of directors of the target company must disclose all details Offer the shareholders to be aware of the offer before them, and then make the right investment decision. In addition, the system of offers of purchase guarantees equality among the shareholders of the target company; because the conditions of the offer require that it be submitted to all shareholders and not limited to each other without one another, and that the price of one may not be distinguished between them in the price, as achieves Interest of the minority shareholders of the target company by giving them the option of remaining in the company or exiting them on the same terms of offer. As well as being a sophisticated mechanism that allows the restructuring of companies listed on the stock market, by converting them from inactive companies to active companies, making them more able to face international competition, rather than the establishment of new projects and the consequent complex procedures and costs

الادارة الانتقالية المدنيــــــة الدوليــــــة : دراسة مقارنة == International Transitional Civil Administration Comparative Study

Author name: رياض عبد المحسن جبار الفتلاوي
Supervisor name: صدام حسين وادي الفتلاوي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: May not be exaggerating if we say that the international system has been subjected to changes structural impressive, after the development and the increasing role of the central organization, which represents the United Nations Organization, and this has contributed to the reduction of the persistence of the countries in the monopoly powers of sovereign prescribed in the rules of classic international law, which was adopted for a long time in the control of human rights and fundamental freedoms within the framework fortified sovereignty and non - interference internal affairs. However, the growing and strengthening the international human rights instruments to the efforts of the United Nations Organization, and then surpass rank those rights to confront the decline of state sovereignty, to the extent that a grave violation, caused by the failure or the fall of the responsible for the imposition of public order and the rule of law and political system, and the consequent the prevalence of violence, the collapse of public order, and the increasing numbers of refugees across international borders, and then transfer the crisis to neighboring countries, poses a serious threat to international peace and security, not necessarily required to fill this vacuum of power by the hand characterized by neutrality and the mandate assigned to it in its document consensual, a United Nations Organization, and by setting up an international transitional administration to exercise all the competencies specified to the state, to prevent its collapse as the main unit in the international system, until the return of stability to the rule of law and building the constitutional institutions, and then handed over to the judgment of the people. However, the practice of the organization to rule marred by a lot of circumstances that contradict with the need to undergo any governing authority to the law, and observation of various types, so that the organization and its employees who act through them in the practice of international transitional administration, enjoy the immunities and privileges prescribed in international conventions and diplomatic custom, and this prevents they are subject to domestic law, and even international, especially since the International Transtional Administration issued legislation affecting the rights and freedoms set out in international human rights instruments, based on a Security Council resolution under Chapter VII of the Charter, and this is something to authorities having jurisdiction control over the transitional international authority problems, even if these parties control available indirectly, the impact on the will of the international transitional administration is not clear, but still raises a lot of questions and problems that should find effective solutions, so the International Organization achieve the most important goals that ensured by undertaking them, which is the goal of promoting international peace and security as the highest interests of the international community, through ensuring the stability of nations, which can not be achieved without activation of respect for human rights, development and the rule of law and the promotion of democracy, as elements are interrelated and overlapping, scheduled for rules Convention, which is linked to the international community as a whole.

النظام القانوني للوصف الذي يلحق محل الالتزام : دراسة مقارنة == LEGAL THE SYSTEM TO STOP WHICH APPENDS OBJECT OF AN OBLIGATION comparative Study

Author name: زينب ماجد عبد علي الزبيدي
Supervisor name: سلام عبد الزهرة عبد الله الفتلاوي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Commitment legal as an association, it may be as simple and may be - characterized, be simple if he accepts execution in the case which is accomplishing did not inflict any description of the descriptions, while the prescribed commitment is a commitment to the help of description, and this description the help of the same Association Viather in the presence or force if the impact of their presence and make their presence is uncertain is the condition, and if the effect of the force making them not take it in order, and either attached description one end of legal bond creditor and the debtor that party becomes a multiple is (multiple ends of commitment), and finally may cause Description object of the obligation Viadd after it was one and said to him in this case multiple object of the obligation, and that our search was limited to the description attached to replace the liability that would be Tejearaa or Bdlaa or pluralistic and economized statement Altejeara commitment and commitment Alibdla fact that the latter does not arrange any trace, and Altejeara commitment known in Islamic jurisprudence option of appointment eight scholars of Islamic doctrines have not Ajasoh all but passed only tap, Maliki and Zaidi, while the rest of the doctrines of Imamiyya (Imamis) and exhale from the tap and Shafi'i and Hanbali not permitted as a lead to the foolishness of the shop and thus lead to ambiguity and this may not be with them, and varied civil legislation Almgizh to comply Altejeara to be called the mismatch put his name known in Islamic jurisprudence option of appointment of civil Yemeni such as law and others taken in Monday Altejeara commitment and choice of appointment such as law, civil law and the Iraqi civil Egypt and from there it is only the designation of commitment Altejeara as in the French civil law The obligation Alibdla it was defined Islamic jurisprudence, the commutation of the shop and put his judgments differed from that came in the civil laws, in the Journal of the judicial provisions of Article (53) thereof, which stipulates that (do not they can be the wildcard unless hero original) This means that the debtor may not be his move to the allowance only if the original champion and that's what Vsroh allowance prevent and touched upon in serum in the body of the search, while a law making the option of the debtor that the original or reimburse the allowance according to his will, whether or not the original.
1 ... 60 61 62 63 64 ... 91