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الدلالة السياقية عند المفسرين حتى منتصف القرن السادس الهجري

Author name: بشير سعيد سهر محمد المنصوري
Supervisor name: حامد ناصر عبود الظالمي | عبد الباسط خليل محمد الدرويش
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

الصورة الفنية في شعر القروي

Author name: حامد مردان شروان الشاعر
Supervisor name: قصي سالم علوان الجلبي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

افق التجديد في شعر محمد سعيد الحبوبي

Author name: جنان عايد محمد الحسيني
Supervisor name: سوادي فرج مكلف
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: After these chapters, we came to the appendix which we called " 1 oth r renovation phenomena". The first phenomenon was " the em loyment of names in poetry whereas the second one 1s the phe omenon of" intertextuality " Finally comes the conclusions which contained the most important con lusions the research discovered. The following are these conclusions : j.. We reached the determination of the language and the terminological notations for the most important axes of thesis entitled " renovation tension".2· The research explained the importance of language for Al - Habbobi d the way he employed to renew his expressions. That's why his pressions were gentle and sweet and characterized by it's acefulness and it's harmony.; - The research uncovered the stylistic and the language ability of 1 - Habbobi and his wide imagination, and the deep sense and the etaphor in the formation of ideas and meanings and breaking the ist of imitation and heading towards the worlds of renovation. These aracteristics made the poet unique among the poets of the ineteenth ntury. Finally, thank god the God of all people.The renovation extension in the poetry of Mohamad Sae'ed Al - abbobi.The present research tries to investigate the extent of renovation in the oetry of Mohamad Sae'ed Al - Habbobi. The poetf)lch poetical talent and a good ability to compose a creative poe. The research consists of a preface and three chaptell;. and an app ndix and a conclusion. The title of the preface is " the notion of renovation extension. It ins the definition of extension" and" renovation". In the preface we als explain the relation ship between the old and new poetry. We con lude that renovation includes both, old and new poetry because there 1s n new poetry without the old poetry.In the first chapter, we dealt with the "renovation in the poetical Ian age". This chapter consist;ofthree sections. The first sections explained the" expression of nature". The second sec on dealt with " wine and erotic expressions ". The third section shed Jig on the "sentences contraction". The fourth section illustrate" the poe ·cal lexicon " which represent the sum total for all expressions and con tructions which the poet used. In the second chapter, we revealed "renovation in the poeticalima e". it consists of to'<OSections. The first section deltle with "the met phorical image". The second section explained" the image of simile". The third chapter expounded " the renovation in the poetical music " and itcon isted of three sections : The first section concentrated on the study of" the terza rima". The sec d section studied the " short story ".

الاحلاف في الشعر العربي قبل الاسلام

Author name: دلال جويد تعبان
Supervisor name: اياد عبد المجيد ابراهيم
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تقنيات السينما في الرواية العربية 2000 - 2015 == Cinematic Techniques In The Arabic Novel From (2000 - 2015)

Author name: جبار سلطان حسن
Supervisor name: يوسف محمد جابر اسكندر
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Arabic novel with its regional orientation has not been isolated from the novel in general, since it employs a lot of cinematic techniques, proving, meanwhile, that it is open to other arts, keeping up the vibe of renewal and development, because many writers wrote with cinematic awareness and cinematic technique. This elicited the researcher to delve deeper into the effort found in the novels to achieve new modes of expression, which rely heavily on the image and the cinematic formation to maintain the tools to elevate the narrative speech, granting it the necessary narrative identity, which is featured with innovation and high narrative performance. The study is preceded by a forward, which tackles the definitions of concepts that are relevant to the study such as technicality, the concept of cinema, its techniques, and its impact on the Arabic novel. It also highlights the term "New Arabic Novel", and the classification of the novels under study according to it. Examining eventually the studied novels and the criteria of selecting them. The study falls into three chapters beginning with theoretic entries giving sufficient idea about each technology. The first chapter highlights the scenario. It is divided into two sections; the first includes types of scenario in the Arabic novel; the second is about the elements of scenario in the Arabic novel. The second chapter highlights the functions of the camera put into application. It falls into three main sections; the first tackles the corners of the camera, the second tackles the movement of the camera and its steadiness, and the third tackles the duration of the shots. The third chapter discusses the impact of montaging on the Arabic novel. It is divided into two main sections; the first is entitled "The Narrative Montage in the Novel in its Four Types : Horizontal, Reverse, Parallel, and Alternative Montage"; while the second tackles the Expressive Montage in the novel in its two types : the ideological and the rhythmic. The Conclusion sums up the findings of the research and the proposed recommendations.

شرح شواهد شرح ابن الناظم للسيد محمد بن علي الموسوي العاملي (ت1075هـ) : دراسة وتحقيق == Sharih Shawahid Of Sharih Ibn An - Nadhim

Author name: محمد علي هوبي جواد
Supervisor name: خميس عبد الله علي التميمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Thanks be to Allah and the best of prayers upon his prophet, Abi Al - Qasim Mohammed and his Household members and his companions, and everyone who followed the same path as they did. Due to the importance of a syntactic model for grammarians, as grammar has been built on it and syntactic rules have been derived from it, in addition to being the arbitrator for every dispute or disagreement arising between the various, numerous syntactic schools. This reasons, among many, made syntactic models their point of focus. They collect, arranged and explained these models for those interested in syntax, thus creating a new profession and a new discipline of syntactic study, named Syntactic Models Interpretation. AlSaayid Al - Amili's Book falls within this category, as it explained Ibn Al - Nadhim Models used for explaining his father's Alfiya. The reason I chose investigation for my doctorate dissertation is to pick up where I left off in my master study, where I investigated Mussa Bin Azeez Allah Al - Musawi AlJaza’ir’sLisan Al - Muta’ilimeen. I wished to walk down a similar path and master this aspect, an art that needed earnestness, perseverance, and effort; all of whom are sources of joy. Furthermore, this type of study bears a great scientific value in resurrecting our heritage, which has waited long for such resurrection. The most important causes for my choosing this book were the newness rarely found in books of the same category. This is shown in the Book Value heading of the second section in chapter two; its connection with Ibn Al - Nadhum's explanation of his father's Alfiya. The study methodology required that the study was to be divided into two parts : the first, the study part, consisted of four chapters preceded by a preface giving a brief description of the most important notions of this dissertation. The dissertation ends with a conclusion presenting the most notable results reached by this study. As regards the chapters titles and sections, the first one is entitled (Ibn Al - Nadhim and Al - Saayid Al - Amili, and Ibn AlNadhim Models Explanation). It consists of two sections : the first dealt with everything related to Al - Sayid Al - Amili - academic and personal résumé - while the second is used to Al - SayidAlAmili book - its title, attribution, motives for writing, general and special methodology, and other matters. Chapters two and three are devoted for studying the syntactic issues found in the book. Thus, chapter two was entitled “His Syntactic Replies and Preferences”, each of the two aspects of the title was allotted its own section. A number of the issues related to each title are studied and discussed as the study methodology requires. Chapter three, “His Syntactic Views and His Attitude towards the Two Schools”, consists also of two sections. The first one is devoted to his syntactic views, whether they are solely his or are joint with others, while the second dealt with some issues of controversy between the schools of grammar : Basrah School and Kufa School, which were mentioned by Al - Sayid, showing his stands towards them and his syntactic inclinations. Chapter four, “Badr Al - Deen Al - Aini's and Al - Sayid Al - Amili's Explanations : Comparative Study”, consisted of three sections, preceded by a briefing about Al - Aini's life and his book “Fara’id Al - Qala’id”. Section one succinctly discusses the two books mentioned in the chapter title, while making a simple comparison between the two to pinpoint how the former impacted the latter. The second section is devoted for the study of a number of the objections raised by Al - Sayid Al - Amili to AlAini, in accordance with scientific research requirements. Finally, in section three some of Al - Aini's ideas that were inaccurately understood by Al - Amili, with the latter's point of view corrected by proof. The second part of the study contained the investigated script and everything related to it. The latter are divided into two sections : the first provides a description of all the manuscripts found by the investigator, whether incorporated in the investigation or not; whereas the second is used to present the methodology adopted by the investigator and the mechanism used to bring out the final product to the reader. This is given by presenting three copies of each manuscript used in the investigation. The dissertation is concluded by the bibliography and the abstract in English. The most notable difficulties and problems faced while preparing this dissertation can be summarized by the following : not finding the copy written by the author, wrongly attributing a number of manuscripts to the author by some scholars. The latter was especially problematic. I went out of my way to prove them wrong. Another problem was the large number of the author's manuscripts, which made it difficult to select the best ones. Furthermore, the material was large, extensive, and varied. Despite of all of these difficulties, the researcher saved no effort to complete the work in the best manner possible. All credit should be attributed to Almighty Allah what whom without his providence I would not have accomplished any of that. Thanks and praise to no one but Allah. Thanks to Allah first and last, may Allah prayers be upon his Prophet Mohammed, and his infallible Household members

السلب في اللغة العربية == Detraction In Arabic

Author name: غانم عبد الحسن رداد
Supervisor name: مجيد نوط عبيد الشمري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study deals with the aspects of detraction in Arabic language on two levels : the vocabulary and the structural. The research has found out that detraction is a nothingness meaning referring to diminution or completion where there are linguistic aspects in Arabic language that detract the diminution and turn it into completion and vice versa. The pioneer to use the term of detraction was Al - Khaleel bin Ahmed Al - Farahidi in the second century of Hijra. Since that time, no one has ever dealt with the term till the fourth century of Hijra where it was renewed by a linguist named Ibn Jini. Ibn Jini has assigned a special chapter to the term in one of his books entitled (Chapter in Detraction). Since then, the term has become popular and grown and broadened. Another factor which had a role in the growing of the term was the meaning of detraction coming from the Greek philosophy at the time of cultural connection between Arabic and Greek cultures. In the light of the duality of (the existence or nothingness) or (diminution and completion), linguistic detraction has been found in many linguistic fields other than Arabic such as : philosophy, psychology, speech act and anthropology. These fields have been great help in studying linguistic detraction deeply regardless any specific linguistic approach taking advantage of the descriptive, normative, historical and comparative approach. The study is divided into a Preface showing the two aspects of detraction : Existence and Nothingness. Three chapters are followed : Chapter One studies the meaning of detraction and its problem, Chapter Two tackles the singular detraction and Chapter Three deals with the structural detraction.

بلاغة المقموعين من الاجراء الى التنظير حتى نهاية القرن السادس الهجري

Author name: محمد ياسر فراك الغرابي
Supervisor name: وسن صالح حسين
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

شرح التبريزي على مقصورة ابن دريد : دراسة لغوية == Interpretation Of Al - Tabrizi In Rythem Of Ibn Duraid

Author name: رواء ظاهر حميد ابراهيم
Supervisor name: خميس عبد الله علي التميمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This is a study in the linguistic inquiries which is considered of one of the most fertile topics in the language in an important books of explanations, namely, Shrouh Maqsurat ibn Duraid by Imam Yahya ben Ali ben Mohammed ben Al - Hassan ben Al - Hassan Al - Tibrizi ( 502 H) for the multiplicity of the inflectional, phonetic, synatcial and semantic issues in the book as well as branching and the depth of the inquiry of the author. It is found that the linguistic phenomena are very important and deserve study and inquiry. One previous study tackled the efforts of Al - Tibrizi in that aspect. Also, the explainer (Al - Tibrizi) has made a great effort in dealing with these phenomena. I found that movement of authorship represents a shiny side of the linguistic heritage. After completing the material collection I found that the nature of study is divided into three chapters beginning with an Introduction which talks about the motivations for choosing the subject. Then, the Conclusion that includes the most important findings of the study. The preface tackles the life of Al - Tibrizi and his biography from birth to death, the material of the book and his approach. Chapter One is a study of the inflectional phenomenon which includes five inquiries which are : derivation, the structures of the gerund, the plurals of all type, diminutives, affinity, assimilation. Chapter Two is devoted to the study of the phonetic phenomenon which includes five inquiries that is : “substitution, the lightening of hamza, stress and lightening, and the extended. Chapter Three is entitled “the semantic phenomena” in five inquiries which are : the semantic development, synonymy, antithesis, semantic differences and semantic antithesis. In the Conclusion the most important findings of the thesis includes : Al - Tibrizi was one of the scholars of Arabic languages who has many and the treatises that history old. In addition to that I found him clever in language, syntax and the phonetic. He depended on the Quranic reading and he also cited the Quran, hadith, the speech of Arab (poetry, prose and proverbs).

القرائن واثرها في توجيه المعنى في تفسير البسيط للواحدي == The Presumptions And Its Effect In Directing Meaning With Reference To The Tefseer Al - Baseet For Al Wahidi

Author name: حامد حسين حنيحن طعمة الشريفي
Supervisor name: رجاء خلف عواد التكريتي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Doctorate degree in Arabic and its literature needs many requirements like this research. The theory of the "presumptions support" that Dr. Tammam Hassan puts, new studies appeared and affected with these presumptions. These new studies demon started their impacts in old linguistic studies. Among the old scientists recognized them and incorporate that in their compilation. That resulted in making them a large scientific field in which many studiers and researchers came in. One of those was al - Wahidi the owner of the three explanation : Concise, Intermediate, and Simple. In the simple explanation "the research field" Al - Wahidi recognized the most of those presumptions and he didn't depend only on the "Al - E'arab presumption". Once he used the presumptions clearly. And an other time he indicate them. For example ,some text can not be explained except that explanations depend on the presumptions like traditions and habits as in demonstrating the meaning, and the relation between the pilgrimage (hajj) and coming to the houses from their doors as it is in surah. Al - baqarah, the explanation was according to those traditions which the Arabic community followed in the ignorant age. One of the current age feature is the study in that field thereby various studies appeared and demon started that the presumptions have got effects in their fields. The scientists distributed the presumptions according to what their studies need. But I found that the best distribution could be four fold, to beghn with the word and what happen on it as : E'arab, Tanween, and Harmony. Then some words demand to accompany other words, and also the effect of the words nearness with other words. Afterwards, we come out to what surround these words. The title of the thesis "its field was the simple explanation" was the presumptions and its effect in directing meaning with the reference to the Tafseer al - Baseet for Al - Wahidi (died in 468 H). The thesis was organized into : foreword, introduction, four units and conclusion.For word : As a fore word ,I dealt with the reasons of selecting the subject, the difficulties I found in selecting the subject, the borders of the research, besides the references. Introduction : in the introduction, I talked about the notion of presumption, the meaning in language and convention, and their kinds. I didn’t talk about the book and its author, But they are two large fields for detailed studies, several researchers wrote about them such as those investigators in the author's book, (the simple explanation) headed them.Units : The units are as follows : Unit one : verbal presumptions, I talked about the presumptions which its performance can be in pronunciation like construction , in other words, the word and the effects happen for it. and I distributed this unit into five topics : conjugation construction, E'arab mark, tanueen, harmony, and stopping. Unit two : The presumptions depend on the relations among the words, in this unit , I talked about the presumptions where the words have got relation with the nearby words, their meaning can be got by these words. Each presumption needs connection between two linguistic elements, in other words, the two parts of the sentence demand , each one another in the same sentence or near it, for example : the verb needs the subjects and the preposition needs the noun comes after it that is for demonstration not for enumeration. These presumptions are for : Corres pondence, means, solidarity, connection and rank. Unit three : Incorporeal presumptions, the talking was about the group of presumptions that disclose the contextual relations among the parts of the sentence, therefore this unit was divided into : support presumption, specialty presumption, proportion, and subordination presumption.Unit four : Current Presumptions, The talking was about the group of presumptions that enter the stage of the linguistic text. They deal with the circumstances and the atmospheres that surround the sentence or the text and in which the text was be said. These presumptions can be occurred out the linguistic text where the text born in them. There is no relation between them and the text words excluding the circumstances that surround the to distinct and demonstrate it. Its distribution was as follows : the reasons of the descent ,prophetic hadith tradition and physical movements.As for conclusion… It contained the results that appeared during the research. and grace of Allah to whom be ascribed all perfection and majesty ,that the supervisor on this research is our professor ,Dr.Raja'a khalaf awad al - Tikrity who covered me with her grace and her guiding ,then, she didn't scant me with her advise and instructions.she endured a lot of troubles allah rewards her and bestow upon her with plentiful graces. and praise be to god! thank god.

ادب يعرب السعيدي القصصي : دراسة في البنية السردية

Author name: نجوى محمد جمعة البياتي
Supervisor name: حسين عبود حميد الهلالي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

المعجمية العربية في فكر الدكتور علي القاسمي == Arabic Lexical At The Thought Of Dr. Ali Al Qasimi

Author name: بتول عبد الكاظم حمد
Supervisor name: لمى فائق جميل العاني
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Praise due to Allah, the Lord of the universes, peace be upon the Master of the messengers, Mohammad, his family and companions. The importance of dictionaries has increased lately, because technical means have been introduced into their manufacturing.Dictionaries have become one of the significant features of the present time in achieving reaction, harmony, and communication among nations. Dictionaries have also attracted the intention of modern linguistics' theories. This necessitates a new lexical study to investigate dealing with dictionaries on the basis of their capacity to receive the new innovated lexes, their purposes and the number of their users which increases everyday.Therefore, the present Arabic lexicographic study, tackles the thought of Dr. Ali Al - Qasimi to which it is restricted. This is so because of the achievements of this scholar and the services he presented to Arabic and the status he occupies among Arab scholars. His fame is wide spread in the Arab Homeland, in addition to the variety of topics covered by his lexicographic writings. He is, actually, a prominent figure in the modern age. He has provided, and still provides, the Arab library with references which depict the genius of this unique personality who does his best effort to serve these who speak it and those who do not. Due to his qualifications the Union of Arab Academies has adopted him a god deal in compiling the outlines of the Arabic Historic Dictionary.He showed a significant activity in this concern, presenting his opinions in setting the body of the Historic Dictionary through a bulky reference issued in 2014, under the title "The Making of the Arabic Historic Dictionary". Hence, this is the reason behind the choice of this topic to be studied. The researcher has found a great value in the thoughts of this scholar which are characterized by innovation and the call to change the methodology of the linguistic studies. Moreover, there is no single study which covers the lexicographic references and books written by Dr. Ali Al - Qasimi.The structure of the study necessitated its division into an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction is divided into two parts, the first of which introduces Dr. Ali Al - Qasimi, his published books and researches. The second part is titled (Lexicographic Thought for Arabs). The chapters are as follows : Chapter one is titled (Al - Qasimi and the Modern Dictionary) including four sections the first of which tackles the (Definition of the Lexicographic Terms); the second (Methodologies of Arabic Dictionaries' Arrangement and Classification); the third (Lexicography Making in the Thought of Al - Qasimi), and the fourth, which represents the topic backbone of the concern of Dr. Ali Al - Qasimi, is titled (Dictionaries and Language Learning).Chapter two has been devoted to the study of the study of the Arabic Historic Dictionary. It mentions the most significant bases on which this dictionary stands. It is divided into four sections, the first of which includes several axes among which are : Introducing the Arabic Historic Dictionary, types, necessities for its appearance, the scientific plan to achieve it and the remarks on it, and the previous attempts to compile it. The second section is titled (The Lingual Change in the Arabic Historic Dictionary); the third is titled (The Arabic Historic Dictionary between Etymology and History).The fourth section is titled (The Corpus linguistic and the Historic Dictionary).Chapter three is titled (The Dictionaries Compiled by Al - Qasimi : A study in the Application). It is divided according to whether the dictionaries are complied by Al - Qasimi or participated in compiling them. Thus, the first section discusses the dictionary titled (The Basic Arabic Dictionary); the second (Recitation Dictionary). The third section is concerned in the study of (The Dictionary of Modern Linguistics Terminology), a bilingual English - Arabic Dictionary.The research has been provided with a conclusion which includes the most important result the researcher has attended to throughout the chapters of the study. A list of the references has also beenprovided.

البنية المصدرية في نهج البلاغة : دراسة في دلالة البنية الصرفية

Author name: وسام جمعة لفتة المالكي
Supervisor name: سليمة جبار غانم
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This research studies the structures of qerund whih area part of linquistic Morphological studies and their practicality in Nahjul Balaqhah of Imam Ali ( p. b. U. h). The research has three sections. The first is entitled "structures Without affixes. This section is divided in to three parts.It depend on the phonetic classification.The second section of the thesis is entitled "Structures with affixes ".It has six parts. The third Section is entitled "Tri - structure with addition and the quarto "The research Was attached with a Conclnsion explain1ing the most important results of the study. Italso attached With Statistic tables for each structure

ملامح المنهج الاسلوبي في كتاب الطراز للعلوي (ت 749هـ)

Author name: ضياء حامد حمود البدري
Supervisor name: عواطف كنوش مصطفى عيسى التميمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

العارض في اللغة

Author name: غانم عبد الحسن رداد
Supervisor name: حميد عبد الحمزة عبيد الفتلي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

البحر المديد في تفسير القران المجيد لابن عجيبة الحسني (ت1224هـ) : دراسة لغوية ونحوية == Al - Bahr Al - Madid Fi Tafseer The Holy Quran Of Ibin Ajeba Al - Hasani 1224 M - H Grammatical And Linguistic Study

Author name: محمد ضياء الدين خليل ابراهيم
Supervisor name: عادل شحاذة علي الخزرجي
Specific topic: Language - Grammar
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Allah reveals his glorious Book on his messenger Mohammed (Allahs blessing and peace be upon him and his family) to bc a guide for Muslims in this life and a triumph and salvation in the after life.The Companions of - the prophet (Allah may be satisfied with them) had received this Quran comprehensively, because they were very close to the Messenger of Allah (Allahs blessing and peace be upon him and his family), and being eloquent Arabs, If there were any problem in under standing any sign of the signs, they would go to Messenger of Allah (Allahs blessing and peace be upon him and his family) to explain what was ambiguous in the Quranic text.The beginning of - interpretation science was accompanied with other sciences, Interpretation was the main motivation behind their emergence. Among these sciences were linguistics and grammar. These two sciences have been hounded to serve the Holy Quran language and to help in illustrating the Quranic text. There fore, scientists have regarded the rules of - language as the most important rules that the interpreter has to be acquainted with, The relation ship between interpretation and linguistic elements is a firm one. It is apparent that the interpreters have show in their interpretations the issues that are connected with language and grammar in explainning the Quranic text. Among these interpretations is Al Bahr Al Madid of - Ibin Ajiba. He local in his book with issues connected with linguistics and grammar during his interpretation of the Quranic text. After reading and surveying his book, I have found rich material in it, deserves to be studied. Trusting on Allah, I re - same my research in this interpretation. I have studied it from the grammatical and linguistic sides. The re search is formed as an introduction and preface, then followed by four chapters and conclusion.In the preface, I deal with Ibin Ajibas biography briefly.Chapter One is entitled Ibin Ajibas Method in Interpretation. It includes three sections : Section One deals with Ibin Ajibas method in interpretation. It refers to the main traits of his interpretation of Holy Quran Signs.Section Two concerns the main grammatical and linguistic sources that had been adopted by Ibin Ajiba in his interpretation.It concerns too his method in quoting the interpretations from others.Section Three concentrates on Ibin Ajibas citations that he had depended on in reinforcing the grammatical base these citations are derived from Holy Qurain, Tradition and Arabs, Language of prose and verse.Chapter Two is entitleid the linguistic study, It includes two sections ;Section one is concerned with semantics. It sheds light upon morphological elements, synonym, derivation, and Arabs, language, differences.Section two is divided into two parts ; part one studies the main phonetic phenomena that Ibin Ajiba had refereed to. They and assimilation, ellision, and exchange. Part two concerns the conjugation that had been mentioned in the interpretation. They are utterance construction, stem, and plurals.Chapter Three is entitled the Grammatical study, houns. It involves four sections : Section one concentrates on inflected nouns like subject and predicate, and subject.Section two concerns the (Monsub) nouns like objects and manner.Section three includes different matters of uninflected conjugation.Chapter, Four is complementary, It deals with the problems of verbs and Ibin Ajiba linguistic method. This chapter includes three sections : Section one involves the main problems of verbs that had been used in the interpretation, the deletion and present verb rules and other wafttens. Section two tackles the alternation among the articles and their meanings. We selected a group of - then for the study and arranged them Alphabetically. Section three deals with Ibin Ajibas grammatical method, depending on the ynammatical methods. The research ends with a conclusion. It sums up the main results of the research.Finally, Id like to thank Dr. “Adel Shahta Al - Kazraji” the supervisor of the thesis. Id like to extend my thanks to those who helped and advised me in fulfilling this research.

الاهوار في الرواية العراقية : دراسة في ضوء النقد الثقافي == Ahwarin Of Iraqi Novel About The Cultrail Critisizm

Author name: عروبة جبار اصواب الله
Supervisor name: حامد ناصر عبود الظالمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Summary read the cultural system in the novel MarshComing literary discourse, intellectual cross - cultural system (political, magic, religion), could be described as the metadata structure, and reduced intellectual system for impact and governed behavior and practice, which move infrastructure behavioral and intellectual community.As we read that these systems are the kinds of cultural preliminary unconscious and genetic, seeping from the past to the present and productive collective consciousness repeat, hence the importance of amending these regulations and correct track. Under this adoption hidden subliminal work on a compilation of convergence between the community and the cultural system, in cultural balanced equation, Ntrsd factors that brought them together in one approach.The first of these factors can read it, cross cultural system Incarnate place (Lahore), to attend the juxtaposition of what, integrating these bilateral (Lahore, the cultural system) in the path of novelist and cultural one, a hidden cultural can read through this intercourse. P (marsh) place him its cultural, and geographical water (isolation separation), the survival and non - affected and stay on the idea and culture of impact Ollatsal the other different (city, rural), and this separation that drives the self - reliance and intellectual stocks not consciousness and intellectual cultural Muruthath, in the face of problems and life situations. May ask, about the relationship of cultural criticism reading of this literary trend in employment cultural system of society marshes?.Reading cultural default for this community and the cultural system can be configured their impact and footprint, the factors which may be the cultural factor as a watermark marginalized environment, splitting from other culturally different societies rely on what is available consumption has habits, customs and concepts. Or motivated by low economic factor in the continuation of these habits and cultural norms and lack of innovation and intellectual cultural change. Perhaps the material time cultural force enjoyed by this system of cultural and habitual society enabled these systems and command and control.The literature through employment of the cultural system of a society (Marsh), record the memory of this cultural system and the community. It is this last (memory), tries to reflect and arrive by, to keep up with the process of culture may contribute to creating awareness and present a new declaration of expiration term cultural order and harm, and to detect hidden these communities and taking her hand toward logic and reasonable by showing looting, robbery not past this system nor Lalla keep pace with the evolution wheel but the impact of which is appended and tracking behavior and practice is adopted.This passive surveillance is the norm from which cultural criticism in the reading of the speech and the event. Definitely each community its own cultural related Patarrakhih and identity, it is difficult but not possible to work on those changing spurt one, not even mutations multiple, without this change stems from the desire and need of this community, and this desire cannot be shown without the preceded by an attempt by the government and cultural institutions, civil, creating health and circumstance ripe for the growth of scientific awareness, which preceded the collective unconscious to take the step instead of him in everything.It must in this that point we do not look forward to giving described Pharmacy magical cultural, want promotion for this community, what is no doubt that these systems cultural part saved sovereignty and the importance of community, because it tells the privacy of cultural identity and historical her, but can these systems cultural, that employs more positive and beneficial not only to self - level (community), but in terms of their relations with the different other cultural reading of his district, not to understand it and identify it, but also to know and understand ourselves, and we look forward to more than a mirror. In these systems cultural monitor negative individual and subservience fear and surrender to Muruthath, slavery and injustice and practiced against at least (denominations, exhibitions, other) and weaker (women), and if the equation authoritarian cultural, not balanced except in accordance with the presence of these terminaloppressed weak and the poor at least most, and as a resultThis equation breach of humanity and the essence of human existence. Perhaps the most important results carried out by the readers e Cultural see that this approach nearly psychosocial reading and analytical cultural discourse and to shed perspective to deep undercover behavior and thinking, to effect the engine seems to a community or state. This approach in human interest and perspective unlike the rest of the curriculum, he seeks to build a society and the individual in accordance with logic and cognitive awareness, through demolition and analysis of grades and types of behavior and thinking. And interesting cultural criticism and literary discourse simple and poor communities, reveal the role of the speech direction of society, despite the lack of discourse novelist reveals, for avoiding what direction these communities, respect the privacy of this community.Through reading the cultural system of a society (Marsh), we spotted some cultural between them and communities apart and different in cultural systems and the temporal and geographical, but the mosque between them, is the spirit and nature of these communities distinct Balbda?ah and spontaneity, originality and isolation and marginal cultural and economic desperation, E.The shear or anecdotes (regulations) and one because one storyteller, is the culture and unconscious leakage!. On the other hand is in the privacy of this approach (cultural criticism), the possibility of hiring and use of more than approach or mechanism, mixing more than approach diverge where and do not converge vision and reading leads to Vdvdah and reading, one of the reservations concerning the cultural criticism, if not Tab works to activate the kinship between curricula in read.AROOBA JABAR SOUBALH

مفردات الماء في الشعر العباسي 200هـ - 350هـ : دراسة موضوعية فنية

Author name: علي غانم فلحي الفنداوي
Supervisor name: نهلة محمد حسن عبد الصمد
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دلالة الامر في نهج البلاغة == The Denotation Of The Command In Nahj Al - Balagha

Author name: علي صادق جعفر الرويشدي
Supervisor name: موسى جعفر فاضل الحركاني
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Nahij Al balaghah (The course of Rhetoric) is considered a huge book, containing linguistic treasures. It comes after the Holy Quran and Al sunnah Al nabawia (The prophetic institution) in eloquence and rhetoric for the imprrtance of this book, I have choosen the subject (The denotation of the command in Nahj Al balagha after taking the agreement of the supervisor (Dr - Musa jafar fadhil). I mean that the commanding verb has two faces direct (apparent) and indirect (implied) the direct commanding verb like the verb ifaal (Do!).The indirect commanding verb like the sentences which contain the implied commanding verb. Its studying must be connected with the new denotative lesson, and containing all the fields of the language.The study consists of introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The introduction contains the definition of the denotation as a language and idiom and the definition of the commanding verb as a language and idom too. The first chapter is apportioned for the study of phonic denotation. This chapter contained three researches, the first for substitution, the second for rhyme and the rhythm and the third for phonic repetition.The second chapter is apportioned for studying of the monphological side. This chapter contained three researches, the first is for the denotation of the verb. with the increased letter, the second is for the denotation of the verb which increased with more than one letter. And the third is for the denotation of the infinitive which is instead of the commanding verb.The third chapter is apportioned for the study of the grammatical denotation. This chapter contains four researches, the first is for the grammatical denotation in commanding verb (leyafhal) (to do), the second for the warning denotation and temptation, the third is for the noun of commanding verb and the forth denotation of the indirect commanding terms.The fourth chapter is apportioned for the studying of the style of denotation. This research contained three researches, the first is for the denotation of collection of the commanding verb with the methods of other demand, the second is for the relation of the denotation verb with what will come after it and the third is for the denotation of the graduation and the denotation of repeating.At the conclusion I talked bout the important results I had concluded. In this thesis I depended on the book of nahj Al Balagha (The course of rhetoric), revised by Dr Subhi Al Saleh to certify the subject of this course, because it is the copy that we depend on it in certification of Nahj Al Balagha (The course of Rhetoric) recently.And I depended on the most important explauations of Nahj AL Balagha, like the explanation of Ibin Abi Al haded and the explanation of kamal Al Deen Bin Maytham Al bahrani and the Minhaj Al Baraha in explanation of Nahij Al Balaghah of Habeen All Ah Alkhoei, because I had found the benefit in these books. Thanks to God peace be upon our prophet Muhammad.

الجملة عند ابن جني في الخصائص (ت392هـ)

Author name: صفاء جواد فرج
Supervisor name: نوري حساني علوان الكاظمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Taking research on his shoulder Multi (wholesale when I'm taking in properties) which is the subject based on grammatical lesson and it relied to know a lot of knowledge of language, because caring wholesale concept and sophisticated and widely used establishes for the construction of knowledge, has revealed Find see I'm taking to study wholesale study semantic for meaning, and the relationship of word sense in installing the statement syntax and clarity of its elements. After reading the book properties and addition of a substance language in assets as, and careful consideration in the scientific material related to wholesale felt researcher to be search component of three chapters Chapter I : a basis on which the sentence, it can not accept any installation of non - assets reliable the validity of the installation was the assets as a standard integral adopted son reap in connection to wholesale acceptable in form and meaning, the second chapter includes appearances stylistic of inter when I'm reaping tried to Willem all opinions'm taking that focus and show the discovery attributes wholesale stylistic terms of surrender and the delays and deletions The male and sentence length and limited, and came third chapter to study the potential wholesale Arab including'm reap when analyzing potential wholesale center on the meaning and significance through Mbagesh between fact and metaphor and look to express and meaning when I'm taking and breach of the rules of language and grammar then sealed search results of the study of his vision wholesale and ability to analyze the components of the sentence to rude and significant addition to the ability of mental adoption assets grammatical Qaeda - linked grammatical, and research has shown great difficulties suffered by the researcher, and perhaps the most valuable knowledge carried by book properties, which combined the science of Arab towards the exchange and the voice and the significance of assets as, The researcher was adopted on the books as assets Arab, including writers and concise and characteristics edition book and the Ministry of Culture and Iraqi flags and other And books as assets, including the proposal for the resettlement flashed evidence to Ibn al - Anbari, and benefited from recent studies and specialized journals on the subject. Son has taken in addressing histhoughts taking way the question and the answer, even if you do not find impressions fluidly ask him to imagine Paradise. And threw the same question on the same shall answer him, making the listener and the reader eager to know the answer and following up on him. Finally, but not least I ask Allah to accept my rest in forgiveness and I apologize for failure that seemed to me that he listens and responds pray

العلاقة الوظيفية بين الخبر والحال والصفة : دراسة في النحو العربي == The Functional Relationship Between Predict, Mood And Adverb Study In Arabic Grammar

Author name: منذر زيارة قاسم
Supervisor name: عباس عبادي عيدان
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis is talking about the Functional Relationship among the Grammatical Semantic and its benefit to Arabic Grammar. This relationship is a Comparison on Semantic and sets for to linguistic function - semantic - when parsing was launching by its form to show the common sense of the sentence. The three semantics - predict, mood, adverb - are among the verifications of this thesis. The thesis is consisting of a preface and three chapters along with a conclusion. Preface : It is to study of the grammatical functions and the relationships among the grammatical functions in the Arabic Grammar and its functional relationship with the grammatical syntax and Arabic sentence. It is to choose the three semantics of this study in order to select. Chapter First : (The Study of Mutual Characteristics among the Three Semantics) It is theoretical study in accordance with the Descriptive Syllabus and criticizes some point of views that differ with this syllabus. It is consisting of : Forward : To study the semantic in the language and the etymology and criticizing these terms. First Part : to study the derivation at the three semantics and their relationship with description Second Part : to study the sentence and clauses in the three semantics and their relationship with description in comparison of the three semanticsThird Part : to study the precedence that is a study to its meaning in accordance to grammarians and rhetoricians. Fourth Part : to study the multiply variety in the three semantics at one subject. Fifth Part : to study some similarities in the linguistic syntax for the three semantics. Chapter Two : {The Pronunciation Semantic Relationship at the Three Semantics}It is to study what belongs to subjunctive predict and the mood objective and adverbial object from many aspects. The three semantics are common according to this relationship. First Part : the relationship as per type and the accordance in the semantic and its objectives Second Part : the relationship as per number and the accordance in the semantic and its objectivesThird Part : the relationship as per assignment and there is no accordance in the semantic and its objectives and the accordance with adverb in form not in sense. Fourth Part : the relationship as per the parsing relationship : the accordance is not necessary for the three semantics and what is belong to them, if the accordance is achieved in the form, it will not be in sense. Chapter Three : {The Types of Relationship and Coordinates at the Three Semantics} First Part : The Actual Relationship and Reasoning Relationship : The actual relationship is to obtain the description when submitting the sense and it is similar to semantic predict and there is only one field where all relationships are interfaced in. the Reasoning Relationship is the description achieved after and is linked with what was achieved earlier in connection with form. It is called Metaphoric Relationship. Second Part : The linking between the Description and what belong to it which is the pronoun and letter (الواو). This part is studying (الواو) and is proving its type among the three semantics and the real place of (الواو) there. The conclusion : The thesis is concluded with a reference to the strong relationship among these three semantics and it is not merely a similarity rather it is one relationship at the etymology, it was achieved by three aspects : predict, Mood and adverb. The reference was to the significant points that proves the mutual characteristic and the one relationship and the ingle nature of these three semantics

ابستيمولوجيا علم التصريف العربي == Epistemology Of Science Of Arabic Morphology

Author name: جاسم صادق غالب الموسوي
Supervisor name: حامد ناصر عبود الظالمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

اتجاهات نقد النص الشعري في مجلة الاقلام 1990 - 2010 == Trends Of Criticizing Poetic Context In “ Al - Aqlam Magazine “ 1990 - 2010

Author name: منتظر عبد الخضر ساجت
Supervisor name: حسين عبود حميد الهلالي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Praise is to Allah, Lord of all creatures, and blessing joined with peace of God be upon the seal of the Prophets and messengers (Mohammad) as well as his faithful Companions. Amen This research deals with literary criticism efforts which have been previously published on an Iraqi magazine "Al - Aqlam" extending to the period 1990 - 2010. It is titled as "The Trends of Poetic text Criticism ", as no unanimous approach deals with the literary criticism; moreover, there are several approaches contribute in one literary trend. Psychological Trend; for instance, has variant approaches : Freud - method, Lacan method, and Yong method. Each approach has its unique view and it somehow differs from another approach even if all approaches contribute on comprehensive view which it is the - psychological view. These fore mentioned methods are achieved on the level of theorization, and they are based on the same environmental rules. What is about the researchers who received the trends through translation?. The critical application in tackling literary texts ensures us that there is no specific enclosed approach can be applied on constant procedures and is applicable on all its details, but the overlap is obvious between all the different approaches. Therefore, it is impossible to depend on a constant inevitable approach because the criticism process is an interaction process between the creative text, the critic and his own literary and critical taste. For these reasons the critical trend is acceptable further than the depending approach. The period , which covers the articles within the research, is between 1990 - 2010, i.e. it extends for about 20 years and the concentration stage of the study was achieved on the last of this period ; in order that the study will be contemporary to the modern - literary criticism movement or to the literary criticism movements which have recently seen the light. This study presently shows unprecedented trends, since it includes for the first time studies about trends of literary criticism never established in the Arabic region; for instance, it includes the Cultural Criticism. For this reason, we'd rather the study be practiced on the recent years of the mentioned period since the Arabic region has witnessed relative stability.This research is established to deal with selective poetical texts, because it is impossible to deal with all the poetical texts published within the specific mentioned period. The plan has been put by researchers into choosing some agreeable poetical poems samples , the selective process had come according a certain view since the research obliged itself not to repeat the critic's name more than once , in order to be obtainable for more additional critics' names contribute on one study. The plan is made not to confine the critic's study to be subjected for unique circumstances whether the critic himself is one the followers of a certain trend or vice versa. These studies published in "Al - Aqlam Magazine" are by no means the best studies; however, the magazine includes between its pages many studies that differ between high significance and low - significance in order to let the reader read the magazine objectively. The research does not display the good studies only but also displays studies under the hopefulness level and the purpose beyond that is to disclose about the defects and to determine its places in order to overcome upon the defects. The research tries to achievean elaborate discussion and an analytic criticism to the under discussion critical context through active imposed dialogue in order to be capable of stopping at each point worthy of discussion , and lastly can classify each discussed point to be ordered and organized to its principal reference depending on the available critical - publications. On the other hand, the research can assay each text, and discloses its contents or stops nearer in order to thrill noticeable questions. The study is distributed among three chapters : the first chapter, "The Contextual Trends ", is related to the critics who made their deep comprehending understandable semantics meanings depending on the external environment i.e. the trends related to the factors are out of the text itself to understand the included meaning of the text. The second chapter, titled as "The Textual Trends", is concentrated on the critical achievements that depend on the text itself i.e. the efforts, which try to isolate the text, from the external factors in their approach. The third chapter, titled as " Other Trends " , includes critical efforts , which can not be ordered under neither the textual nor the contextual relation. Eventually the conclusion comes to conclude what is most significant on this study; moreover, the study has been initiated with preface to shortly introduce the reader to "Al - Aqlam Magazine ". Conclusions : Criticism movements have witnessed many continued turnings and many transformations; each trend may be utilized from the previous - mistaken trends, but after stages of its evolutionism, some of its adopters turn to be exaggerative then the defects occur once more which lead to emerge another trend as a result. The critical approaches, "Al - Aqlam Magzine" displays, are variant and different knowledge wise and type wise. Some of approaches are on the top of skillfulness and technique; while some of them are less significant.In addition, the approaches are variants according to the techniques they follow, so they come as (contextual, textual approaches and others). There is not a perfect application to any trend entirely, but in many - times the procedures violate the application limitedness, or maybe the researcher help himself, by a different approach, which his study adopts , because the creative doing is an art has its own property on estheticism and structure.Moreover, the creative doing is the outcome product of special essence lives on specific society which it has its own traditions and habits passes through specific history of special events and incidents This creative discourse or the creative dialogue is targeted to educated receiver of a good quality on culture and language, etc… Knowing these effecting factors is necessary to the critic of creativity, and it has an active consequence into directing the critical doing; therefore, there is not any critical approach that has the stability and the strictness or may refuse the borrowing from other trends. In addition, any critical doing has its own way in order to achieve its understandable point into the creative doing or to reveal and discover its nature, its esthetic secret, and its specific structure. The literary text has significant relation on the establishing process of the critical discourse and its procedures; because the literary text is the main substance of the criticism essence from which the critical process is formulated ; on the other hand , the discourse is not rooted out from the literary text and its procedures. Finally, praise is to Allah and peace and blessings be upon His honest Prophet. Amen.

الفاظ البيع والشراء في القران الكريم : دراسة دلالية == Terms Of Sale And Purchase In The Holy Quran Semantic Study

Author name: لؤي طارق علي التميمي
Supervisor name: صيوان خضير خلف المياحي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This Study dealt generally with the terms (buying and selling ) in The holy Quran. - The first Chapter was entitled (The words selling and buying between the pre - Islamic Use and the Quranic Use). The researcher has come across this concept during the two Arabic eras Which are the ages of the pre - Islamic era and the era of Quran.Chapter Two was entitled (The morphological formula of the terms of sale and purchase).The researcher studied thes words from the aspects of its morphological connotations.Where as the third Chapter came under the title of (The deliberative context and domain of the terms of sale and purchase ) The researcher has explained the domain In which these words come within the Quranic context.The most important resuits were set within the conclusion by the researcher.

المباحث اللغوية في كتب علوم القران عند المحدثين == Linguistic Researches In Qur'an Sciences By The Talkers

Author name: جلال فالح كاظم
Supervisor name: حامد ناصر عبود الظالمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

نثر الامام الحسين (عليه السلام) : دراسة تحليلية في جمالية بنية النص == Imam Hussein's Prose : An Analytical Study At The Aesthetic Structure Of The Text

Author name: حيدر محمود شاكر حبيب
Supervisor name: نضال ابراهيم ياسين
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The aesthetic studies are seen as one of the attempts to investigate the textual structure in the modern criticism. These analyses disclose the relationship between elements of the text and how they are interrelated. Accordingly, the present study entitled Emam Hussein's Prose : an Analytical Study of the Aesthetic Structure of the Text is concerned with the aesthetic, speculative and interpretive analyses in an attempt to pick out those aesthetic aspects and relations from the prospect of their concordance, order, adjacency and similarity. At the same time, these studies reveal the non - correspondences and antitheses of these aesthetical signs of the text.The study falls into six chapters, distributed throughout two parts. The first part comprises three chapters. The first one is an introduction to the aesthetics and textual structure in the contemporary criticism presenting a number of different views about the aestheticism. The second chapter is concerned with the aesthetics of lexical patterns in the texts as being used in Emam Hussein's prose writing and how critics have analysed these patterns. The third chapter discusses the aesthetical applications of the lexical patterns in the contemporary criticism. The second part is also composed of three chapters. The first one is concerned with discussing the aesthetics of similarity or conformity and adjacency and collocation in modern criticism as far as Emam Hussein's prose is concerned. The second chapter presents the aesthetics of the structure of condensing and the nature of its formation in rhetoric and criticism as well as how it is represented in Emam Hussein's prose. The third chapter argues the aestheticism of rhymed prose. and assonance in modern criticism and in Emam Hussein's prose.

المباحث اللغوية في تفسير نفائس التاويل == Linguistic Themes Koran Traditions

Author name: باسم محمد عيادة
Supervisor name: حسين عودة هاشم
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: قد يتعب الباحث ويعيه الانتقال من مبحث وعلم لاخر الا ان هذا التعب يزول بما يتوصل اليه بحثه من نتائج فيكون تنقله متعة وراحة، ولذا فان من اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها هذا البحث : - ما اثبته البحث وجود العلم الهائل للسيد المرتضى وهذا ما يتضح من ارائه في ال | Research has proven the existence of knowledge of the massive to Mr. Murtaza - may God have mercy on him - and this is evident from his views in the research that we are exposed, syntactic, morphological and acoustic, semantic, and content this detective of digression and notice and deduce the Holy Quran and Arabic poetry and the evidence of leukemia, and mental adopted by Mr. Murtaza to support his opinion and reasoning The research stressed that the views of Mr. Murtaza Syntactical visual displays and this indicates that optical doctrine was presented these views in the habitats of many of its interpretationIn the lattice acts evidences in advance by the Quranic witness proves his views morphological As for his views in as it was to Mr. Morteza the many opinions, some approved applicants of scientists who preceded him walked on their style in their views, grammatical and then - even after a while - Digital categorize his views of scientists who came after him, he said - may God have mercy on him - for Merfoat, Mouncobac and accessories Simulation and Bamufaul and deeds, prepositions, etc., but he did not refer to all matters related to these fields. The research found that to Mr. Morteza views of grammatical violated by the famous grammarians (mainland), for example, express and the treatment of the actor not as a name (not) his treatment (not) Treatment of the act fully and not on that of the characters already This is one of the arguments that uniqueness, and agreed with him on that more than as in the world, including Razi, for exampleResearch proved that Mr. Murtaza and through its data statement to any demand he sees a certain opinion shows the community that I belong to it and the views of others, and Maanfreddt by this community is in any jurisprudential or ideological as other shows Taif Islamic doctrine and based on evidence of true community, what counts is clearly evident the sunAdopted Mr. Murtaza in his characters multiple meanings of the character per time turn the meaning of the state of the blessed and the word is assigned according to linguistic usage to mean a single letter, which we see the multiplicity of means of three meanings or more, and each meaning has been received within the context of conjugal specific terms and the meaning of certain, confirming inadmissibility of carrying the word to literal meaning of a particular, standing on the accuracy of the Qur'anic expression and uses of the kind in the Arab uses In use and carry the word to otherAnd Mr. Murtaza Investigation semantic explained his opinion clearly, including the common verbal is from those who say such occurrence despite the fact that many have Ankeroah and denied its occurrence on the pretext of a suspicion and confusion when speaking, using the word unbearable for those involved or more, and see that the opinion of modern scholars have come in agreement to the opinion of Mr. Murtaza also said they are in his presence and incidence, Mr. Murtada holds a separate chapter in his interpretation he called and whether or not to participate may be useful between the names, Faisrah in many places of this research resources and the common occurrence of in pronunciationAs for Yeh many, singled out the style of Mr. Murtaza in its income for the examples of the many, him to turn to the meaning of the word one, be given many different meanings for the same word witness of some of these meanings, as long as the word tolerate flipping meanings, plus the presentation cited Qur'anic verses which mentioned therein, this giving the word meaningsFinding the difference Semantic flour between the meanings of the vocabulary needed for the accuracy of observation to seek this difference, confirmed Mr. Murtaza, in a statement to the differences tag between Feztin think the individual is no difference between them, and with Mr. what was stated on the language of the Arabs, Wiesel similarities, particularly with respect to the research faith may give compromised along the prophets (peace be upon them) because some Josalehm guilt and sin and they are so because they Aaflon Anibae, may give these compromised which may have persisted for some of the corruption of their beliefs and their beliefs. What proved in research that acid Murtada - may God have mercy on him - has realized exchange capacity between fact and metaphor, because that will take place in any position proved the usefulness, for he saw that all of the truth and metaphor is not fixed, but it's a variable we see exchanges between them has become a reality figuratively and metaphorically place may become a reality, and soProved in research that the significance of language called the labels again, lexical and significance of social, with no gratification some linguists modernists this designation has been dispersed by one of the researchers of language between the naming semantics of language or social, mean significant word in the dictionary and the second means denote the word in use, so - as reported by the researcher - lexical semantics rigid and outdated, and the significance of social living, sophisticated and guide its development was the emergence of a new voice to the words of anotherWhich proved that Mr. Murtaza while turning the meaning - and this is the length of his views on change - we see reminds us all, and likely one face of the meaning in his opinion, which was broadcast in it, shall be weighted based on the use of language and custom is common likely to be credible when his interpretation of the statements that bear more of the opinion Fiklb word - and as stated - and then shows and identifies the face that he cut closest to the correct interpretationFind stressed the attention of Mr. Murtaza and his reference to the manifestation of the evolution of the semantic implications of the privatization of the Islamic semantic, since the significance of public coverage adds that it was and to shorten some Ajzaaha, afford a new connotations wordy side - by - side implications precious ancientResearch has shown the use of Mr. Murtaza knowledge assets for some of the demands explanatory statement, and its emphasis on this science to get to the demands of the other representations, especially in the interpretation of the sanctity of mothers and whether they related deeds or self of people to save the sanctity of the act and the suspension of property objectsThe research asserted that Mr. Murtaza interest statement supporting luxury qualities to God, and that its research explanatory mix, and then explained the meaning of (science) and the meaning (of worship), indicating the common uses for responding to a lawsuit atheists

سور الحواميم القرانية : دراسة في دلالة البنية والتركيب == Qur'anic Surahs Of Hawameem A Study In Semantics Of Structure And Composition

Author name: عبد الرحمن فرهود جساس الزيرجاوي
Supervisor name: فاخر هاشم سعد الياسري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The choice of studying these holy surahs is not for that they have bonds among each other in terms of shape, as they begin in chopped letters, for example, but for that they have objective unity, the homogeneity of its discourse, and matching of its styles, as if it is a one surah , while every one of them keep a distinguishing character. These surahs (some chapters of holy Quran) reflect the evolution of the meanings that have come out of the Islamic mission and the development of the activities of mission itself in Mecca, how they were received ,accepted and rejected. It is a period focused on that there were two conflicting groups, a group of believers and the other of unbelievers. The discourse was centered upon the bases in the conflict with the unbelievers, about the controversy and protest on the basis of religion, of the doctrine of monotheism in its various dimensions, and the prophecy, the holy Quran, revelation, and the resurrection, and the attempts to persuade whether by intimidation, threats and warnings, or by guidance and direction. And through the Qur'anic discourse and its methods in these sura, the positions of two teams unfolded in detail, showing how Quranic text has entered the element of controversy, and to a large extent, the history by using Quranic stories. There is no doubt that the above characteristics in the sura were reflected in morphological features of the structure and its synthetic. so, the approach of studying them based on the element of choice, according to what the researcher sees of characteristics for structures and compositions chosen, so that they could form a prominent feature unfolding its aesthetics, and its impact on the receiver.The study divided into two parts with four chapters, the first part singled out to discuss the morphological structure, linking between them and the implications of its acoustic semantics on the basis of the principle of integrity between the two structures. The sounds represent the essential components of morphological structure. This part came in two chapters, preceded by a prelude represented a theoretical concise highlighting the importance of morphological structure in linguistic studies of both ancient and modern, as well as showing their relationship to levels of the other language. The first chapter was devoted to the structure of verbs, as the first title dealt with the augmented structure of them, because they are not limited to lexical meanings, but the augment in them refers to signs pointing to the specificity of the holy Sura studied.The second title of the act was devoted to passive and the contexts of its use where as the second chapter discusses names structure, starting with the structure of sources, trilateral and Quartet, the augmented and unaugmented, then came the active participle, and exaggerated structure. the chapter ended with adjective.

الثنائيات الضدية في شعر ابي العلاء المعري : دراسة اسلوبية

Author name: علي عبد الامام مهلهل الاسدي
Supervisor name: نضال ابراهيم ياسين
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

امكانات التاويل وحدوده : قراءة تحليلية نقدية : منة المنان لمحمد الصدر اختيارا

Author name: علي حسن هذيلي
Supervisor name: سوادي فرج مكلف
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تحول الخطاب الروائي في العراق : دراسة في الشكل == Change ( Shift, Turn Alteration ) Of The Novel Speech In Iraq (Study Of Morphology )

Author name: مشتاق سالم عبد الرزاق
Supervisor name: ضياء راضي محمد الثامري
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Thanksfullness of God of all God 's Pray on the prophet Mohammed the last sender and prophet of God. As well as his family members and his colleague. All human studies surrounded by the human mind and thinking and its descended which give different sort of vision of all fields of science and knowledge of humanity especially the literary side of it. This form and shape the creativity and criticism of mankind. which was and still has the completion stickled and connected to it from the time of until the Hanz Robert saying through which the researcher built this thesis.The Hnze Robert saying describes the relationship between production and recipient as the legend ( enemy brothers) and he has gone further to see the descendant of the legend from the beginning of Marks and finishing with italo Calvino the author of the well - known Novel ( If I was Travelling through a rainy Night ) which Hanz benefit from going through the Novel a lot to explain and declare ) a lot of his thoughts and ideas about the production and the receiving. And from his going through the whole of this Novel and their heroes and stars ( flanrry ) he was able to see the close relationship between time of writing and time of reading without worry of emptiness.The search in the scope of the Novel was compressive as comprehensive of literature that can contain all subjects as the psycharistics Doctor Fruid when he practice his theory on the novels of Dystoviscky and other novels. Many studies appeared later shared to in rich this field of knowledge such as Romantics studies and classical studies and many other studies showing pioneer attempts to discover the nature and essence of the world and followed by many literals ( verbal ) schools according to suggestions of the critics Pectin and Tudororoff as well as the formality schools which they take it as the starting point of their mythology. many other subjects in rich this world upon his fullness of human crisis and human cognitive.This did not stop at this point of those intellectual thinkers and critical but expanded to contain more cognitive and phenomenon as the occupancy echo phenomenon in the novel field of which was suggested by Julia Christina in the literature field or the ideas suggested by Foco which he publicized and employed by other critics and learners of Noval on cognitive basics evaluated for the human mind and his ability to understand those basics.We choose the formality phenomenon as away to study which has the ability upon other phenominons as the linguistic phenomenon or the litriture phenomenon upon studying in which The research depend upon unformal way as in Novel setting up by LizaKasim and Novel formality setting up by Hassan Bahrawee and The noval text lay down by hamid Al - Hamdany and the Arabic Noval art (technical ) setting up in Iraq by Shujaa Muslim Al - Any and many others that in rich this side of the branch of those studies.The first chapter This research depend on the way to connect between all approaches and phenomenon and ideologies to enable the critical mind to penetrate these formal ideology to employ these theories and ideologies on bases thinking according to the principle of those theories and help showing these theories in new look which is great different from its classical look. In another word, the research will study the formal content of in each stage of the critical phenomenon stages as vertical study and tosee how these ideology work in which will make it clear to see the difference from the speech in the two big stages; the recentness speech and the after recentness speech , as well as showing the speech befote recentness ( actual speech ) which look to the novel speech as real and horizontally. that is the speech will look to a community or group of community The second

شعرية النثر العباسي

Author name: هالة فتحي كاظم السعد
Supervisor name: مزهر عبد موزان السوداني | فهد محسن فرحان
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

نظرية النحو العربي ومناهج الدرس اللغوي الحديث

Author name: عبد علي صبيح خلف
Supervisor name: سامي علي جبار المنصوري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Language is the tool for expressing and understanding in the societies. By the language, we can express about our needs and our desires and can show others our feelings and our senses. Language is the basic element in society and we can consider it as the active tool for developing and growing the society.At any period of the time, the language is the clear mirror of society which reflects the life of this society. The 20th century had the distinguished action on in linguistic and structural fields, and it considers on these studies to produce the different methods. The grammarians' studies took two different attitudes in the grammar field, include : The traditional attitude and the modern one ( deals with grammar in English methods).It is clear, the researchers had the different situations towards this matter. A number of them depended on ancient inherited and neglected one. And another party of them saw that the Arabic grammar should have modern view.We should mention that the material of research in located on the reported descriptive system for the linguistic phenomena.This thesis includes four chapters and conclusion.Chapter one, includes the establishing and completing period, reasons for establishment of grammar, its history and its developments and grammatical schools.Chapter two deals with the linguistic methods and their impact in building the Arabic grammar (comparative historical methods)These methods show the ways in Arabic grammatical studies and clarify the development of the studies which consider on its base, then offers the same answers for solving the problems which relate with parsing, sentence and its references with times, the descriptive methods and its position from the problems and components.This chapter show many sides of Chomsky's theory, its stages and the transformational rules which used for transforming the sentences, also it deals with function according to Prague school and functional attitudes which have offered by Firth.The third chapter offers the restrictions in grammar : parts of speech which presented the dispute point among the classical and modern grammarians.The fourth chapter deals with sides of Arabic application attempts which aim to describe the Arabic grammar on transformational grammar rules.The conclusion includes the important results for the research

الابنية الصرفية وشواهدها القرانية في معجم تاج العروس للزبيدي == Morphological Structures And Their Quranic Instances In Taj Alaroos

Author name: عباس فالح حسن المرهون
Supervisor name: حسين عودة هاشم
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Taj al - Aroos min Jawahir al - Qamoos by Said Mohammad Murtadha is regarded as one of the best dictionaries that is abundant with Quranic instances. In response to these examples, the study aims at investigating those instances in which morphology has a central part or role. The work is concerned with describing these Quranic instances in relation to the morphological aspects, then comparing them as used in other dictionaries. The frequency of the Quranic instances in this dictionary is about two thousands. Out of these, only four hundred instances have been investigated morphologically as they are commonly pronounced. The study falls into four chapters. The first one exposes instances concerning Masdars. It reveals Al - Zubaidi's effect in other linguists and dictionary makers as far as Quranic instances are concerned. Chapter two is built upon disclosing Al - Zubidi's procedures in that he identifies the derivational and inflectional aspects of words in these instances. Chapter three presents the plural form of the Quranic instances that Al - Zubaidi adds, in this case, he is different from other writers who have not made such aspect. While chapter four discusses and explains the morphological facets of these instances, and it includes three sections. Section one points out the instances concerning verbs derivation. Section two presents and describes the instances of gender. Section three studies Alnassab. All in all, Al - Zubaidi has the same procedures and techniques in presenting Quranic instances.

بنية الخطاب السردي في محاضرات الشيخ احمد الوائلي : سيرة اهل البيت انموذجا == Narrative Oration Structure In Sheikh Ahmed Al - Wa'Ily Lectures Biography Of Ahlul - Bait As Example

Author name: ميري مهدي كاطع
Supervisor name: ايمان مطر مهدي السلطاني
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The research aims to participate in applying the textual critical studies on Al - Wa'ily lectures of the narrative direction to add the scientific aspect to their narrative elements which include the plot, climax, chronicle, characters and places. - The time, when these lectures had been defused, is considered a stage of establishing and rooting the forum oratorical where the audience must obtain the literary or historical benefit as Al - Waily was focusing on referring to the biography of Ahlul - Bait within his lectures due to the great benefits that these biography carries. - Hence this research attempts to study the biography of Ahlul - Bait in the lectures of Al - Waily that go from their oral aspect to the written aspect within a structural study. - This study attempts to reveal the interred heritage - Ahlul - Bait biography - withi a new vision looking for its heritage value and the structural method effect on revealing its aspect. The research mixed the significance with the linguistic direction. The significance study focuses on functions, characters and places, while the linguistic study focuses on the speech level, narrators and narrated for

كتاب الانتخاب لكشف الابيات المشكلة الاعراب : دراسة لغوية

Author name: وردة صالح نغماش الكرعاوي
Supervisor name: عبد الكاظم محسن كاظم الياسري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

حوار الاديان في القران الكريم : دراسة في ضوء التداولية == Religious Dialogue In The Holy Quran A Pragmatic Study

Author name: رغد عبد ابو جاسم الحميداوي
Supervisor name: عبد الكاظم محسن كاظم الياسري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The Quranic discourse occupies the ideal position between all rhetoric texts whether these texts are from heaven or products of human beings subject to false and real criteria. The issue of interfaith dialogue is one of the issues touched upon by the Quran. It is a calling speech directed to human beings in all their times and places so as to bring them to the right approach in worship, taking the dialogue style as a key to their life. The state of religious dialogue has occupied a wide area in the world intellectual studies, whether the Islamic world or else, and whether it is ancient or contemporary. The perspectives towards this issue have been varied in which there are impulsive supporters and others who are extremist opponents, and there are neutral individuals. However, a deep meditation in the Holy Quran leads to that Quran was flexible in its treatment with the idea of religious dialogue. Since, the Quraan has acknowledged the divine religions that are not distorted and considers all people, who believe in a religion, as promised individuals, confessing what they are on, unless those people initiate a war or treachery. This religion is the true religion and is the last religion that does not treat the other as if they were eliminated. Instead, this religion has launched the dialogue with others as all have common denominators. As for earthly religions, this religion aims at converting people to unite Al - mighty Allah with His worshipers, without engaging with them in a joint issue, except for few matters.Based on the above ideas, the researcher attempts to tackle religions' dialogue in the Holy Quran, adopting the descriptive analytical method, and using modern linguistic approaches especially the pragmatic approach that goes beyond the semantic level of looking at the relationship of marks with their construing.The dialogue is an important means of advocacy tool for the worship of Allah and embraces the true religion by which the right image of the doctrines of religion and its regulations and etiquette will be so clear. This includes what prophets had done with their people or with people from other religions concerning the dialogue in different ways and diverse styles in which these have been involved under one name "religions dialogue". The pragmatic style is considered as the most suitable style for the study of religions dialogue in the Holy Quran as it is a communicative activity based on converting the language proficiency to accomplished communicative proficiency.The Quranic discourse has been depended on using the historical proverb heavily in interfaith dialogue. This was taken as a major argument to persuade offenders to return for their perversions, learning from what affected others, who had been doing like their work. This contributes to the discourse enhancement and influences the recipient.The Holy Quran has used and employed most of the arguments techniques in its addressing; this justifies its arguments presentation and construction to get the required results, especially in the verses of interfaith dialogue. The Quran has also used the language tools in all kinds and relied on rhetorical mechanisms that play great roles on impact on receiver. In addition, it has used semi - logical mechanisms, represented by peaceful debate in which its debate has come cogent. Therefore, it is a reasoning directed to audience in different times and places, seeking to persuade people based on argument and evidence

الفاظ السمع في القران الكريم : دراسة لغوية

Author name: شكيب غازي بصري الحلفي
Supervisor name: علي كاظم اسد الخفاجي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

الاجمال والتفصيل في التعبير القراني : دراسة في الدلالة القرانية

Author name: سيروان عبد الزهرة هاشم الجنابي
Supervisor name: عبد الكاظم محسن كاظم الياسري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: If each research should be based on general hypotheses, this research has been based on central hypotheses : A - What is the exact meaning of the summarized? And do the scientists differ according to their knowledge specializations that meaning or concept? And does the summarized limited to the single term or does it transit to the construction also as well as the linguistic construction, i.e, does it lay on its general significance.B - The quranic performance of significance is either a general obscure or partial limited, as mentioned by most of the books of the sciences of quran. With the general concept, represented by the summarization, absolution and generalization, the researcher tried to find the differences and similarities among them in tools, content and significance inquiring whether this difference is applying on what opposite them i.e., elaboration, specialization and restriction.C - If the researchers have elaborated in explaining the tools of generalization and absolution, they have left us the favor of discovering the tools of summarization. So they obliged us with a scientific duty to find out the tools of summarization and the tools of elaboration to be coincide with their efforts in verifying and adjusting the tools of generalization and absolution, and the tools of specialization and restriction.D - The researcher tries to get a clear perfectness for clarifying the concept of elaboration and elaborated and the parts or division of each one, and find out the differences and similarities between elaboration, on a hand, and restriction and specialization, on another hand, as tools of clarifying in the holy quranic text.E - The researcher tries to pick up the detailed clarifying tools for the summarized and inquiring : does the elaboration come in text which has a summarized only? Or does it come in a separate text. And what are the significances of that elaboration and its effect in supporting the quranic significance. F - The researcher also wants to be satisfied with a question of whether the summarized is submitted to the factor of its meaning's interpretation and preferness, so perseverance will be a kind of its elaborating exhibit? Or it is out of the interpretation scope.The researcher gets a group results throughout his research, some of which are : 1 - The researcher finds that the summarization does not exist only within the single term, but it transits to the construction. Some of the linguistic construction comes summarized with obscure significance, and none of the linguists or rhetoricians had mentioned it, while the grammarians the great favor in clarifying this kind of summarization and exhibiting its concept and exemplified it.2 - The researcher finds that summarization does not share the linguistic construction in its general significance only, it exist also in the relation between the subject and predicate, which will be obscure and needs to be clarified.3 - The researcher was able to find out the point of coincidence between the concept of the summarized, on a hand, and the concepts of the absolute and the general on the other hand, in terms of obscurity, comprehension and significance association. Then he clarified the point of difference among the terms so he identified each concept. 4 - The researcher finds that the definites which are means of clarification of speech may have summarization so it will be of obscure significance, so it will turn into a means of obscurity.5 - The researcher finds that the indefinite that refers to absolution when it comes in affirmative context may come summarized in the same affirmative context, when the indefinite term refers to (a noun) not to an essence.6 - The researcher finds out that the restriction and specialization which are means of clarifying meaning may come summarized and obscure so they will need the explanation of the elaborated, so this elaborated summarized will be more elaborated than the absolute restriction or the general specialization. 7 - The researcher distinguishes between the elaboration on a hand, and the restriction and specialization on the other hand, and finds that elaboration clarifies significance more than the other kinds, followed by restriction, and specialization comes at the end of the rhetorical order of the rhetorical tools or means. The researcher also distinguishes elaboration, restriction and specialization, and shows the point of similarity and coincidence among them. 8 - The researcher finds that elaboration has tools or means by which it is defined in a speech, and elaborations may come as a single term like (in), (differentiation) and (substitution), and it may come also as a complete sentence like the sentence of the whole substitution from the whole, and that the elaboration come in the speech in two types, it may be connected comes directly after the summarized in the same text, or it may be separated comes in another text like the quran elaboration for the quran summarization or the sunna (prophetic law) elaboration for the quran summarization. 9 - The researcher finds out some of the elaborated comes to clarify a summarized term precedes it, and some comes to clarify a summarized sentence precedes it, and here the elaborated will either clarify the rate of the preceded sentence if it is summarized or it will clarify the sentence significance without its rate. 10 - Finally, the researcher reaches a state of satisfaction that the receiver cannot elaborate the summarized, it is the speaker who does so, and no one has the right of perseverance and knowledge to which it aims. Recommendation : The researcher recommends to study the terms of researches and studies for the principles which should be of the subjects that the specialists should study, because studying and understanding these subjects enable them to analysize the quranic text exactly and it is the specialist of Arabic language was able to do so the other texts will be easier. These efforts, also, should be subjects for the master and the Ph.D (doctorate) degree (of Arabic Language) stages, at least in its significance scope, to develop these studies or to use it as a base, or to compare it with the modern and contemporary linguistic studies.

الجواز والمنع في كتاب الاصول في النحو لابن السراج (ت 316 هـ) == Permission And Prevention In Al - Usulfi Al.Naho For Ibn Al - Siraj (D. 3L6 A.H.)

Author name: صادق فوزي دباس النجادي
Supervisor name: عبد الكاظم محسن كاظم الياسري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The student of Arabic Language becomes acquainted with many of the linguistic phenomena of the four types : phonetics, syntax, semantics and declension through which he can establish a solid linguistic thought. Of these phenomena are the linguistic rules whichhave a great role in many aspects where the linguists and grammarians, who were interested in the sound speech, correct the speakers of the Quran's language.Of these rules I discussed the rules of prevention and permission which I studied depending on (Al - Osul fi Al - Nahu) by Ibn seraj (died in 316 A.H) for its scientific value and for containing the approach of both schools Al - Basrah and Al - Kufa.The nature of this research involved to be devided into two parts, each of which dealt with one of the mentioned rules. The first chapter is dedicated to permission which came in three chapters. As for the first one, it dealt with phonetic permission which included substitute, assimilation, inflections and el - imala.The second chapter is about the inflectional permission which included pluralizing, duatling femining forms and diminutive.The third chapter is grammatical permission which includes uninflectioning and inflectioning.The inflectioning included the nominatives, genitives accusatives, adverbs and adjectives, while the un - inflectioning included nouns, verbs and articles.The second part is about prevention which also included three chapters, first of which is phonetic prevention including substitution, assimilation and el - imala.The second is diptote declension which included the same themes included in diptote prevention.The third chapter is grammatical prevention which included the inflections and uninflections and all their contents. These parts are preceded by a preface in which I mensioned prevention and permission and their concet in the language and the reason they emerged. A conclusion following the two parts included the most significant results which the researcher reached depending on old and modern references those results are : - 1) Ibn Siraj used many ways of permission and prevention, this is aproof that the Arabic language is very comprehensive.2) Many of the linguistic and grammatical rules could be based on the Quran alone because it is obvious and it needs no discussion or argument but they depended on their standards related to the grammatical issues and they do not quote from the HolyQuran because it is very obvious. Even if they do not depend on it, they build the grammatical base on Quran and they provide examples from Quran to enhance their rules and whenever something in the Quran is against what they believe they try tointerpret it in a way that suits them. As for me I demand rewriting the grammar rules according to what cam in the Quran. I advise my colleagues of researchers to overcome the dispute among the grammatical schools because it is only a dispute over the rule written by the grammarian, if we only take a closer look we will see that there is dispute even among the grammarians of the same school and the same era, so it is better to study the difference and similarity of the same school

الاداء البياني في خطب الحرب في نهج البلاغة == The Clarification Performance In Warfare Orations In Nahj Al - Balagha

Author name: نجلاء عبد الحسين عليوي الغزالي
Supervisor name: حاكم حبيب عزر الكريطي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The Islamic oration was affected by rhetoric which was enlightened by the Holy Quran and the Prophet's Pure Talks to promote the art mode of the Arabic literature to such a remarkable level that couldn’t be noticed in the pre - Islamic period. Thus, it reached the peak. Oration is the only means of spreading and establishing new thoughts and concepts.At that time the orator became more comparable than the poet because oration was badly needed by people for establishing the principles of Islam and spreading its authority through preaching and directing them in the right way, and finally allow them to win what would enlighten their life on earth and after death. This also helped in uniting society, evoking determination and making enemies fear Islam.“Nahj Al - Balagha” represents a remarkable feature in the Islamic literature, being a unique mode and principle for all. It is a historical literal document second to the Holy Quran and the Pure Prophet's Talks in gaining rhetorical accuracy and magnificent mode.The Communder of the believers, Al - Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib, the henchman of Islam and the Prophet's son - in - law, was a caliph, a leader and a orator. He was the most revered and deliberate in manner; the knight who never hesitated to sacrifice for Islam and establish the good and right. He left behind unforgettable most effective literal inheritance for everyone and as our President Saddam Hussein (Allah may save and guard) said with regard of the evil forces “We are fighting them with the sword of Al - Imam Ali(peace be on him) to protect principles”. Indeed it is the sword of the right and good. And when one looks deeply into his words, he recognizes his rhetoric orations emerging from the bottom of his heart that was not free from pain These features appear in his oral and written orations. The warfare orations of Al - Imam make us feel that we are in front of a perfect magnificent rhetoric wording emerging from the bottom of a heart with some pain, so you find it stressed wording. He included in it what expresses God fearing and God worshipping and good deed. Oration was one of the Imam's weapons in his fights. He used it, owing to its being rhetorical, to evoke his men and encourage them and arousing their feelings and making them reach the aim he wanted them tounderstand and be aware of. I have chosen particularly the warfare orations in Nahj Al - Balagha to be aware of what they have from clarification. This is because those orations were often oral and none - officious, and free from any features of art. They are pure, so they represent the mode of the rhetorics. Some recent investigators have dealt with “The Nahj Al - Balagha” in general, and the orations in particular, but they were in grammatical and linguistic and artistry limitations. “The Clarification Performance in Warfare Orations” has not investigated the altogether content, but there are some bright images I utilized and some others I talked about.The references regard books of rhetoric, criticism and indication; and interpretation books of the Holy Quran and the Prophet's Talks sciences, and the proverbs as well as the Arabic literature cultural inheritance. I depended on Nahj Al - Balagha (Mohammed Abda Explanation) in determining the texts regarding warfare orations; and I also made use of Ibn Abi Hadeed Explanation.My research is arranged in three chapters proceeded by an a relusion and ended by a conclusion and as follows : Chapter one deals with the clarification performance aspects in warfare orations in Nahj Al - Balagha and includes four researches : assimilation, similitude, personification and association. Chapter two deals with the resources of the clarification performance of these orations - warfare orations - . The investigations are about The Holy Quran and the Pure Prophet's Talks and the Arabic poetry and then the Arabic proverbs.Chapter three deals with the functions of the clarification performance which comes in sequence as : the mental function, the psychological function, and the religious function.The conclusion includes : what the results that the research has arrived at. Then comes my whole tool in investigation, analysis, justification, and conclusion. These are the old and the new references. I have done my best and thanks to Allah I ended this research aided by Allah first, and by my supervisor Dr. Hakem Habeeb Al - Guraity who helped me much like a guiding torch in direction and reform. My thanks and respect to all those who never hesitated to offer help.

الدراسات النحوية في شرح القصائد التسع المشهورات لابي جعفر النحاس (ت 338 هـ) == Grammatical Studies About The Explanation Of The Ninth Poets For Abe Ja’Afar Al - Nahhass (D. 338A.H)

Author name: محمد ناشر سالم
Supervisor name: عبد الكاظم محسن كاظم الياسري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The pagan poetry has a prominent place and it consider as an important point between the transmitted and inherited of the Arabic Art, cause it's a vary brilliant art among the Arabic Arts, and it's the origin that all the poetry came from and the good stylewhich be the aim for all the poets. The pagan poetry is consider as a very important source for knowledge which is be the way that all the researchers take from it the history of the Arab Nation and its civilization and the first kind of poetry is AL - Mu’alqat poetry.The first poets who study this kind of poetry are (AL - Asmai Abo Sa’ad AL - Darer, Abo AL - Hassen, Aben AL - Anbari and others scientist in the Arabic East and in AL - Magrb AL - Arabi, the famous one among them is Abo Ja’afar AL - Nahass he is anEgyptian Scientist who wealth the Arabic library with tenths of books in deference fields of knowledge.And if there is a new thing appear in Art field we will see a new explanations and analysis for every thing new and these explanations are wealth in its contents and complete any shortage which the oldest poetry faced it at that time in their representations.So according to all of that the search should include on prefatory remarks and three chapters precedent by introduction and followed by conclusion.In the prefatory remarks I spoke about tow matters : The first one/ speaking with briefly about the life of the author/writer.The second one/ speaking about there poets and its explanations and all things related with it. And at the First Chapter : I spoke about Abo Ja’afar al - Nahass method in his book the ninth poems explanation and it include four searches : - The first one/ I studied AL - Nahass method in his book, and I refer to the most important property in his method depending on examples and facts taken from the book.The second one/ I studied the references of AL - Nahass in his book, and the resource, which he transmit his scientific subject from it even it is from authorities he taken from or from the scientist.The third one/ I studied instance of AL - Nahass in his book, and he depend on AL - Kuraan AL - Kareem, AL - Hadeth Al - Nabue AL Shareef, Instances and AL - Arab speeches.The fourth one/ I showed the effect of the ninth poems explanation in explain the tenth poems of AL - Kateeb AL - Tabreazi, and in my explanation I refer to the identical between both explanations.The Second Chapter : I made it under Masaal AL - Asmaa’ , I divided to four searches : The first one/ include speaking about AL - Marfu’at which concerned with AL - Ethra’ and AL - Nauisek and subject and its deputy.The second one/ I studied AL - Mansubat, which AL - Nahass refereed to it include AL - Mafa’eel , AL - Haal ,AL - Tameez and AL - Neda’.The third one/ I showed in it the prepositions which it refereed by AL - Nahass it is prepositions (AL - Jar & AL - Majror). The fourth one/ I studied in it a grammatical things like AL Mamno’ men AL - Sarf etc…The second chapter/ it is about the letters, I divided to three searches : - The first one/ about verbs, I studied all the things that AL - Nahass refereed to it in his book ike remove the verb , Jazem AL - Fe’al (verb) ,Nasub AL - Fe’al and remove one of the letters at thebeginning of the present tens. The second one/ I studied the ways of means, and I made it satirical as Aben Hashem did.The third one/ I studied in it AL - Nahass method and his term, and I Showed the way that AL - Nahass commitment with AL - Basri method.And I support my search with references which is made for it.And after ending from this introduction I’d like to represent my grateful to my Sir Dr. Abdul Kadum Muhsen AL - Yaseri. And I’d like to thank my committee and all people who helped me in this search.

البحث اللغوي في كتاب التعليقات والنوادر لابي علي الهجري

Author name: مديحه خضير كاظم
Supervisor name: حاكم حبيب عزر الكريطي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

شعر رثاء الامام الحسين ( عليه السلام) في العراق ابتداء من سنة 1100هـ حتى 1350هـ : دراسة فنية == The Poetry Of Elegizing Imam Hussein ( Peace Be Upon Him) In Iraq Beginning From 1100 A.H. Till 1350A.H. Artistic Study

Author name: خالد كاظم حميدي الحميداوي
Supervisor name: علي كاطع خلف المحمداوي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Since the peoples' culture, their intellectual progress, and their position among the nations' and peoples' culture are contingent upon their thinkers, creative geniuses and experienced leaders, I started to deal with this subject believing in this vision and discussing the authors opinions reading their minds and notions about the personality of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him ) as he represents a prominent signpost of super honour and immortality, and it would be of most important if we knew about the emptiness of the critic field that took up the elegic poetry of Imam Hussein ( peace be upon him) during the Middle Age as a subject equivalent to its other critical studies.The thesis form and its scientific subject required to be devided into chapters preceded by an introduction and ended with a conclusion followed by a summary about the elegists of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him)mentioned in this study. The introduction dealt with the Husseini elegizing march formed during the Pre - Middle Ages, and the form it adopted as a method, then the disagreement and agreement points of the nature of the Husseini elegizing during the Middle Age. In the first chapter, I dealt with the structural form of the Husseini elegizing, in which I studied the setup of the poem, stanza, sonnet and pentameter, followed by a talk about the fictional narration, which is considered as a texture connecting the poem parts.While the second chapter revealed the nature of the language of these elegies, their expressions, structures and styles. The third chapter studied the rhythmic setup of the Husseini elegy, and was devided into two sections. The first dealt with the extemal rhythm represented by rhyme and meter, while the second one studied the internal rhythm such as paronomasia, run - on lines, rhyme, internal rhyme and repetition. As for the fourth chapter dealt with the poetic image constituents and divisions of personification, embodiment and humanization. The study required an analytic descriptive method that tends to be somewhat normative.The references that the researcher adopted were distributed to the poetic divans (printed manuscripts), in addition to the poetic collections that included the poetry of this era. While the old and modern books of criticism, rhetoric, grammar and linguistics were my basic references. The difficulties I faced were many , of them were the long subject of the study which resulted in the multiplicity of the poetic texts, difficulty of reading the manuscript due to the intermixing of the copies lines, and the fewness of the references that studied this era that led the researcher to buckle down to arrive at a number of results , of them diminishing the belief that this era is called the (Dark Age) due to the multiplicity of the literary works produced during it - rather the literary production is the most outstanding phenomenon of its creativeness and existence, in addition, the Husseini poem had comprehended all types of artistic setup in terms of its external form, its structure pattern , maintaing the pedigree of its language and contents, and its being free from grammatical mistakes, as well as using the meters and rhymes that were greatly used during the pre - Middle Ages. The most important feature that distinguishes this period is its sensuous images which constituted a great portion of its total.This study could not be achieved without the great efforts presented by the Assistant Professor, the Supervisor of the thesis, Dr. Ali Gatea Khalaf Al - Muhammadawi for his invaluable guidance and striking advice which were the best support to arrive at these results.Recommendations : At last I'd like to review a set of suggestions, the most important of them is inviting the researchers to write creatively about this era as it is worthier to be studied and to reveal its concealed pearls, and to study those poets separately as I'm sure that we would get a great linguistic and literary heritage. I also suggest studying the Husseini elegizing in the other countries during the Middle Age.

ادب الشهيدة بنت الهدى القصصي : دراسة في الفن == The Fictional Literature Of The Martyr Bint Al - Huda (Study In Art)

Author name: قاسم نجم عبد الربيعي
Supervisor name: علي كاطع خلف المحمداوي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Al - Alwyaa , the martyr , Bint Al - Huda had many novls and short stories.In the Field of novels , she wrote " The Virtue Wins " , " Two women and aman " , " That who looks for the truth " and " A meeting in the hospital ". In the field of short stories , she had three groups " I wish i knew " , The lost aunt " , and " a struggle from real life ".The experience of the Martyrs narrator had a difference in the artistic level , sometimes , in the simplicity of froms inspite of good themes as in her novel " two women and a man " or in her short story " The lost aunt " but in some texts , we find a high artistic work written by a professional writer who knows how to write as in her novel " The virtue wins " and in her short story " The voice of conscience ".Althongh the experience of the writer had a growth in quantity , it witnessed agrowth in quality also. The Martyr narrator and through her understanding for the philosophy of writing stories works to define all the differences in life , its opposites and its basic unities through the credence on many elements , so we find in her stories many historical texts , verses , proverbs and wisdomsThrough the use of those implements , she was able to understand what is found in life and used it in her stories. The story for Bint A - Huda had enumeration directed by an artistic hand and sometimes , we find dialogues, and dramatic scenes and description and the credence on the Poetic language in many of her stories especially the short ones.It is a kind of contrast , the writer used it to reveal and discover the false ideology of the other discourse as adiscourse that produces the loss and poverty.These are some of the artistic features which we noticed through the study and research , but what is important to us is that which is related to the " martyr narrator " herself and her position in the world of literature and art especially in the field of novls and short stories.The martyr narrator has a clear understanding of the circumstances in which she lived. she knew the historical , ideological and social structures in her society and she worked to absorb and re - build them in her stories. This shows us that the writer interacts with those complex circumstances and work with a clear thinking that gives her the chance to destroy the negative aspects and disclose them in her stories and made the reader takes the side of the positive - voices and ideas that the writer wants to explain in her stories.The martyr writer, in all of her stories was interested in the struggle between the good and the evil and she did her best to make the voice of the good , the highest , and make it the basic way in human communication. In her rich experience which contained , what is artistic , scientific and what is political , she was abl to disclose the depths of the humanitic soul in all its kinds which she had known well. we are in front of awriter who watched and understood her socity , so the story for her , is that which looks for the meaning , principles and the virtue in aworld in which the principles had confused. In her novel " The virtue wins ". we find ourselves infront of a trial of the humanstic decay in one of the Moslems houses and in her novel " That who looks for the truth " we find ourselves sympathize with that girl and look together for away that leads us to the bright truth which is represented by Islam.

المسائل النحوية في كتاب الاقتضاب في شرح ادب الكتاب لابن السيد البطليوسي (ت 521 هـ) == Syntactic Problems In The Book Of Al - Eqtithab In Explaining Adabul Kuttab

Author name: جواد داخل شبانه
Supervisor name: عادل عبد الجبار زاير
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: This study has dealt with the subject “ The syntactic Problems in the Book of AL - EQtithab in Explaining Adabul Kuttab’’ and it has three purposes.First, those who preceded the researcher have not deal with Abnul Sayid Al - batlayoosi from a syntactic point of view.The second aim is to enrich the syntactic library with a new grammatical book. The third aim is to satisfy a personal inclination towards syntactic studies compared with literature, rhetoric and literary criticism.The research falls into an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction has dealt with the aims that encouraged the researcher to choose the present subject.Chapter(one) involves sections related to nouns. It is divided into four sections.The first section : the Nominative nouns. The second section the accusative nouns. The third section deals with nouns as bases.The fourth section deals with nouns and what is affixed to them.As for chapter(two), it involved tow sections. The first section deals with the verbs, and the second section deals with articles.Chapter(three) involves three sections, The first section dealt with Abnul Sayid Al - batlayoosi and his works. The second section deals with his syntactic approach. The third section deals with miscellaneous syntactic problems.This study came out with the following findings : 1. Syntactic problems have been investigated in a book which is not related to syntax as confessed by its interpreter.2. The interpreter tried to get rid of interpolations through mentioning what proceeded and followed the verse so as thing become clear.3. He enriched the Arabic intellect, east and west through his varied explanations. 4. The interpreter over looked some of the parts of the book. The title of the book is indicative of that.5. The interpreter has used the expressions of the tow schools : The basrah and the Kufa schools. 6. The researcher was faithful in conveying the information in addition to his being to the point. Finally I cannot claim that the thesis is perfect as perfection is only an attribute related to Allah the Almighty - Any weakness is mine, and any good aspect ofthe study is a blessing of Allah (God) as He always the leader towards whatever is good

المعنى في النقد العربي القديم حتى نهاية القرن السابع الهجري

Author name: حسين لفتة حافظ الزيادي
Supervisor name: حاكم حبيب عزر الكريطي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Meanig in its simplest Logical definitions is : the copception or idea on the technical structure of the poem and the poet language a and it became clear that there is un acceptable kind of praising because there is agop between the receirer and the technical effect the same method was followed with the other poetic purposes revealing the goodness and badness elements of the poetic purposes by balancing and throwing lights on the defects and trying to amending it in the second chapter a studied the meaning criticism standards according to the critical opinions that are set by the critics and rhetoricians and how did thes standards became fixed basis on which the scholars depend to deduce the basic principles of studying the poetic texts , the most disting uished standars are, honestg , exaggeration, relingion , clarity and ambiguity , these are relating to the poetic meaning and the poet taste and the effect of civilization on that taste.A throu lights on the civilized development that occur in the abbasid era due to the prosperity of that era the arabic criticism issues and its effect on meaning hare been dealt with in the third chapter emphasizing on orgnizing orgnizing , nature, attribute, ancient,modern and poetic balancing or scaling , in a delition to the types of meaning and its significance, where a noticed that each of these issues has its deep effect on the poetic meaning a ccording to era through which these issues passed , and a stopped with its mostdisting uishd figures suchas al - jahidh , abdul - qhaher al - jerjany and hazim al - qhertajenng.in the fourth and the last chapter a dealt withrhetorics, issues and its effect on meaning the research emphasized on eloquence, summarization , description , metaphor and imagerg, where it becameclear that rhetorics is associated with the arabic criticism and handnever a purted from it till the late ags, and that most of the critics are areb rhetoricians such as ibn selam, al murad. ibnqhutaybah and ibn tabataba. there is no doubt that rhetorics had affeeted the poetic text and meaning because it is away to understand the text and findout its beauty poins by the image. the rheterical studies were fleurished dwe to the holy quren which is the eloquence source and the basic motive of these studies that tried to know the prodigy secret of the quranic text.in the conclusion a set the most important results of this study, such as.1 - the research reveals the critics interesting on ' the meaning of the meaning ' which is on element of the literary theay and the creativeness of linguistics, because the talked about the first branching of meaning aor about including mang meanings which they colled' the other'secend' meanings2 - the research shows that the reason of the less interesting of lamentation poetry is that this kind of poetry did not suit what the arab wanted for himself of strength, because lamentation poem usually involvedthe human emotions which rereals weakness withcraying and sorrow a and the arab refused that due to the societg nature at that time. 3 - the criticism theory is as ancient as arobs themselres, even that it was not with its modern concept, before the third centuty of hejira, it was perfeed within the critical judgement of the pre - islamic are.4 - the critics emphasiza the grammatical ruly and standars in the arabic speah, poetry and prose, because folloing these rules is a conditions for the speech rightness, and in literature we ask what is beyond rightness, it is creativness.5 - one who check the arob critics efforts who deal with the menning , will find that those critics and the poets were aware of this case importness, so they dealt with it early a and its derelopment was due to the arabic educational status, change.6 - through the research of the poetic purpose and the meaning effect which affect the ancient arabic poetry because by it we can define the poem weather it was satir, courtly ….j,e there was akind of independnce and throwgh this purpose the critic presented his ideas and opinions.7 - the research shows that the ancient crities, opinions had aneffect on the ancient arabic poetry a but sometimes these opinions were not accept able by the creative poets who has his own rules that lead him away from the critics judgement.8 - in spite of the quranic emph asis on the moral principel of the poetic text, through the research it appears that the arabic criticism went away from this field that it saperated the arts from morals.9 - the plagiarism standard rereals that it is possible to njudge the writer and his position and interactien with his enviornment. in addition it helps us to know the resoures of the writers and their psyhchological direction and their educational and intellectualsituntien ,so this standerd is abasic one for the literary criticism. 10 - the study shews that praising lexicon in the ummayed era became axiture of the in herited pre. is lamic mennings and the new sslamic mennings as wellas the environ ment effects and the general life development in the ummayad society

اثر التراث الجاهلي في الشعر الاموي == The Pre - Islamic Heritage Effect On The Ummayad Poetry

Author name: حسين عبد حسين
Supervisor name: حاكم حبيب عزر الكريطي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Each nation has its own heritage which it celebrates as it is considered one of its continuation and immortality basis, a heritage that ensure interconnection of its present time with past reaching the future. Our literary heritage, especially the Pre - Islamic one has derived its facts from the nomadic environment to which it belongs, so it portraited it in the truest way of expressing its values, habits, traditions, thought, achievements and exploits. Hence, it has become a mirror in which the life aspects manifestations would be reflexed, and an alive image of the life status prevailing that period.This heritage has remained as a fountain from which the poets drew their need throughout ages of them is the Ummayad Era.The nature of the subject required that the research should be organized in three chapters preced by an introduction and a preface and followed by a conclusion.In the introduction, I referred to the heritage concept linguistically and conventionally, explaining the objective and the artistic causes hidden behind the Ummayad Poets inclination towards the Per - Islamic heritage and investing it in their poetry.In the first chapter, I have deal with the social tradition represented by the virtuous and the habits Arab values ,the Arab days, and the historical personalities and hreed horses and camels.While in the second chapter , I have studied the intellectual tradition and what legends and beliefs it contains such as AlGhurab, Al - Shaqraq, Al - Haman, Al - Sada…etc.In the third chapter,I have deal with literary and artistic tradition.In the literary tradition I stopped at the names of the poets that the Ummayad poets took from ,and educated in their poetry.Also I have stopped at the proverbs as they considered a social art and one of the literary culture's fountains while in the artistic tradition I talked about the poem artistic structure which is comprised the introduction, details and the main purpose. In addition, I have studied the language in words and in structure and stopped at some structures found in the Ummayad poem.As for rhythm, I have explained the nature of the poetic meters that the Ummayad prefer when writing poetry and studied the artistic image explaining the extent of the Ummayad poets’ being affected by their ancestors and their following them whether on thelevel of the single verse or a set of verses, or an the level of the whole poem. In the conclusion, I have reviewed the most important results that the research reached, of them were the following : ?? The heritage of any nation do not stop at the margins of a specific era. It is a continuous series that takes from each era what enriches it as influence and being influenced is acharacteristic accompanying each heritage.?? The literary heritage(artistic objective) is the main source of writer's education in general, and the poet in particular.?? The nomadic Arab values the Arab inherent have taken their to the Ummayad poets under the influence of the party that has blazed again.?? The Ummayad poets have made the pre - Islamic days one of their education sources, and utilized them in their as they were considered a record of their ancestors’ achievements and exploits ,and exploits, and bright pages of the history of their life.?? The Ummayad poets utilized the myths to relive their feelings and sentiments through subjecting then to their artistic experiences and their psychological sufferings.?? The poets’ talk about the poetry finds was not stamina from a belief or faith, but it is an attempt to show their artistic abilities, and their differentiation from their companions.?? The Ummayad poets followed their ancestors’ method in the artistic structure of the poem which is formed of three parts(introduction, details and the main purpose), with stopping at the margins of the sheer imitation, but they strived for renwal inside that arts framework.?? The pre - Islamic language was the basis that the Ummayad a doped in poetizing their poems, as there is no attempts to replace that nomadic language by other one.?? Most of the images that appeared in the Ummayad poetry were derived from the desert environment in which they were brought up or were close to.?? Their being affected by their ancestors’ image has been varied from the sheer negative imitation to perceiving those images and subjecting tem to their personal experiences then adding some adding some artistic touches to them.

اثر التراث في شعر عبد الله البردوني == The Influence Of Inheritance On Abdullah Al - Bardouni's Poetry

Author name: فاطمة عبد الله محمد عبد الحبيب العمري
Supervisor name: حاكم حبيب عزر الكريطي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

معاني القبول والرفض في القران الكريم : دراسة في الالفاظ والاساليب == Acceptance And Refusal Of Meanings In The Holy Quran - A Study Of Terms And Styles

Author name: فضيلة عبد العباس حسن الاسدي
Supervisor name: علي كاظم مشري الزيدي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayer and peace be upon the prophet Mohammad, lord of creatures, and his most honest household.It is well - known that the Quranic semantics has been cared of by the ancient and modern linguists. All the Arabic sciences have been built upon to achieve accurate knowledge of the Holy Quran.The researcher, in this respect, has to read the Arabic lexicons, then the interpretation books of grammarians and rhetoricians, ending with modern semantic books. He will find himself, after all this effort, facing divine abundant outcome, because all that have been related by the Quranic studies and researches are still glowing, giving life to everybody, and supply existence with light to disperse all kinds of gloominess. The researcher is still puzzled, exclaiming what he could say after what had been said by the scholars and scientists, but he will find but through coexisting with. the Holy Quran that Quran is so noble with everlasting gifts. This is because Quran is the creation of Allah, the unlimited power creator Whose words can penetrate all time and spatial limits. The researcher will find out that the Holy Quran opens new horizons every time, because it is a miraculous book that will never be used up by studies, hut increases in glowing and generosity. The evidence is what has been proved throughout the past centuries that assisted its being a continuous source that will not be used up at all... l ike anendless sea.It is well - known by all that the Quranic terms are so significant, so well - formed in an artful intended way in its proper place.. I f any term is omitted, it is done with intention...and if the place is changed, it is done also with intention.The older studies cared of the Quranic pronunciations and : heir semantics. The most important books dealing with this aspect are " al - Ashbah wa al - Nadha'er" for Muqatil bin Sulaiman and others.Acceptance and refusal are the most important motives that make one express them by words or actions, therefore we can Determine man's attitude of an issue by his words and actions. Acceptance and refusal in the Holy Quran deal with points of acceptance and refusal in pronunciation and structures, so the research included four chapters distributed to two sections : the : 1rst is the pronunciation of.acceptance and refusal in the Holy Quran. The first chapter deals with the acceptance pronunciation, and the second deals with refusal pronunciation, The second section deals with the style of acceptance and refusal and is divided into two parts : the first is acceptance and involves the style of command, style of wishing and hope,, style of praising, style of awakening of a desire. The second chapter deals with styles of refusal involving prohibition, terrifying,.use and exclamation.Research ends with the significant difficulties the research faced. among them : the extended scope of the subject, there are : me utterances whose semantics need whole books to talk about and deal with. For that reason I tried to abbreviate as much as possible without default in the investigation research methods. After research has been accomplished, I do not claim its being perfect....Allah is the only perfect.... man has to seek knowledge, and Allah is the granter.
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