تطور منهج الكتابة التاريخية حتى القرن الثامن الهجري : كتب التاريخ العام انموذجا == The Evolution Of Muslim'S Historical Curriculum Until The Eighth Century Of The Hegira / The Fourteenth CE (Books Of General History ) Sample

Author name: نضال محمد قمبر

Supervisor name: جاسم ياسيـن محمد الدرويش

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Author name: ثائر هادي رسن العقيلي

Supervisor name: هشام جخيور ميري الربيعي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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السياسة الخارجية لدويلات الطوائف 422 - 482هـ/1030 - 1090م == Foreign Policy Of The Stsates Of The Denominations 422 - 482A/1030 - 1090D

Author name: هنية سلمان عبد الحميد

Supervisor name: عصام كاطع داود الشويلي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: The foreign policy of the states of denomintion is cosidered one of the important subjects during its time as well as our current time.The dissociation and division systemized by externalforcas ,that we suffer from , is similar to what Andalus had passed through befor ,such as the asylum or most of the rulers of the states of denominations to the christion kingdoms to hit som of them ,or the asylum to the states of Morrocco. That left an empact of dissociation and lose on Andalus causing the recession of Islam and its full exit out of Andalus.Despite the differing opinions of historians and scholars of the history of Morocco and Al - Andalus since the opening until the fall of Andalusia for the emergence of a number of mini - states in Andalusia, ranging from eight to twenty - four mini - state, but we are dealing with in the search for the most important mini - states that played a major role in the history of Andalusia direction drawing foreign policy , in addition, we will arrange our study in this chapter Baldoellat starting with the most important role in foreign policy.The sacend chaptar deals with the foreign policy of the states of denominations toward the Spanish kingdoms and the effects of this policy of both the Spanish parties and the states of denominations.Since the Islamicconquest, the island of Andalusia was a home of parties that are different in religion, culture and ethnicity, including Muslims conquerors of Andalusia from Arabs and Berbers, and those who joined the Islamic State of Alsqalbh and Mauldinon one hand, and the Christians in the kingdoms of the north on the other.This policy did not stop at the level of conflict between these two forces, but it extended to friendly relations that produced foreign policyaway from wars.The relations of states of denominations were not only invasions and wars, but also included marriage, treaties as well as alliances between the Christians and the denominations. In this chapter we will discuss foreign study states sects direction of the Islamic Maghreb, but we must know the political forces that seized control of the Islamic Maghreb region, which coincided with the states denominations and the most prominent of these powers was the state stationed, as it is the elimination of several small political entities, a Berber tribes rule for each specific area of the Islamic Maghreb but Qzawa stationed on these small entities forming their own state (state stationed).

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موقف الامام الخميني من العلاقات الايرانية - الاسرائيلية والقضية الفلسطينية 1962 - 1982

Author name: ضحى سليم حسين ياسين التميمي

Supervisor name: عماد مكلف عسل البدران

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Author name: انعام عبد العظيم شاهين

Supervisor name: عمار فاضل حمزة عباس

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: http://cloud.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/2021/09/10/4418%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84.pdf

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة الاحزاب والتنظيمات السياسية في الصومال، والظروف التي مهدت لنشاة الاحزاب والمتمثلة بالنظام القبلي الصومالي والتغلغل الاستعماري وما خلف من التفرقة والتقسيم بين القبائل الصومالية والذي ادى الى ظهور الحركات الوطنية المسلحة ولاسيما ثورة الدر | This study deals with the Political organizations and Parties in Somalia and the Conditions that lead to the establishment of the parties exemplified by the Somalian tribal system and the colonial penetration which consequently led to the separation and division of the Somalian tribes. This led to the appearance of armed national movements especially AL Daraweesh revolution lead by Muhammad Abdullah Bin Hasan. this affected in the appearance of the first political orqanizations and parties in regional , tribal and national Somalia especially the Samalian Youth Unian Party which played avital role in Somalian politics from the second World War and the period of Italian wardship up to 1960 and the caming of the general Siad Bari who led the military coup and ended the multiple party experience and entered the party in to the singular party sestem. The thesis includes an interoduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the conditions of Somalia before the appearance of the political organizations and parties in Somalia.It is divided into three sections. The first section dealt with the location and its importance to Somalia ؛ and the tribe and its roles. The secand section , on the other hand , tackles the colonial penetration an Somalia and its division of the country into five parts and the consequent conditions. The therd section focused on the national armed movements especially the revolusian dervishes led by Mujahid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan and the emergence of the first political organizations. the second chapter touched, to political parties and organizations in the period (1943 - 1950) has included three sections, dealing with the first part, political parties and organizations nationalism, eat second topic parties and regional political organizations tribal, and the third on the position of political parties and organizations of the Somali issue during the period (1945 - 1950) and the arrival of the international jury, and included the third quarter of Somalia under Italian trusteeship and even independence (1950 - 1960), a consists of three sections, singled out the first part, the Italian trusteeship Somalia and the formation of the Advisory Board and regional councils and the formation of the first Ministry of Somali, while the second section Vochts political parties and organizations that have emerged in the Italian trusteeship period is also a nationalist and tribal regional parties with respect to the third section the position of political parties and organizations of Education, language and economic issues, while the fourth chapter has touched on the position of the parties of the political developments in Somalia during the civil rule (1960 - 1969), which also consists of three Investigation, singled out the first section of independence and the problems faced by the nascent state, while the second section dealt with the position of the parties political in that period of the Somalia National issues (lost territories) the third section Vochts conflicts political leaders to power and the end of the multi - party coup led by Major General Mohamed Siad Barre, as contained Conclusion on the important results of the parties and political organizations in Somalia and how to end these parties a military coup in 1969 which abolished all.

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الانصار ودورهم السياسي والاداري والفكري في بلاد الاندلس حتى نهاية عصر الموحدين (92 - 635هـ/710 - 1237م)

Author name: نور كاظم حمد

Supervisor name: علي صدام نصر الله الفريجي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Ansar and their political and administrative and intellectual in the country Andalus from opening until the end of the era of combined (92 - 635 AH) The tribe Ansar of the most important tribes known to Islamic history in the Orient, Morocco and associated fame of what was their role in supporting the Prophet Muhammad (p) in spreading the message of the sky and if the researchers had Tnaulo Multi Ansar abundance in the Orient Islamic, but they did not mention the role of supporters in the country Andalus in detail, especially in periods of the first Arab rule the Islamic Andalusia and studies have focused Aoilk researchers on the state sons of Red (Khazraj) Other Arab rulers in Andalusia so we have seen that highlight the role of Ansar political and administrative and intellectual of the period of the Arab conquest of the Islamic year 92 AH until the fall of the state Unitarian 635 e have dealt mentioned during this time period, despite the length of the interdependence and interrelatedness of events among themselves and also in order to show the extent of developments that have occurred to the members of this tribe during this period of time.In order to show the importance of the role of this tribe have. Dividing this research to pave and three classes according to the scientific material available concerning our topic.Boot confined to mention Ansar and continued their homeland and their standing in the Muslim community and their role in supporting the Prophet Muhammad (p) and reminded us that in order to connect between their role in the Levant and the role that they had in Andalusia. Chapter One; The talk about the role of Ansar political and we divide it for several Detectives First research and talks about the role of supporters in open Andalus and Astqriham among themselves either search second is from (95 - 138 AH), and we have talked about their role in the era of the governors and their participation in the most prominent events and tribulations that revolved during that period, either the third section is of 138 e 422 e and talked about their role in it during the period of the Umayyad rule as mentioned Ansar supporters of Bani Umayya and who had a big role in that period. The fourth section 422 - 479 AH is talking about the role of the Ansar in the era of sects and their influence in the unification of Andalusia and Morocco and the defense of the unity of their country against an enemy of the Christian and speaks fifth topic for their role in the era stationed either sixth topic is talking about their role in the Almohad period 540 - 635. Chapter II speaks about the role of supporters in managerial life and also divided to several sections where we talked abcut the most prominent administrative functions assumed by Ansar during that period, such as the ministry and the office of the governor of the city, judges and other centers and prestigious positions in the state. Chapter III : And talking about Allansar role in the intellectual life and is further divided to several sections where we talked about the most prominent science that scientists excelled guardian of Ansar - science religious and transport, as well as linguistics and pure science such as medicine, engineering and so on

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التطورات السياسية الداخلية للولايات المتحدة الامريكية في عهد الرئيس توماس جيفرسون (1801 ـ 1809) == The Internal Political Developments Of The United States Of America In The Period Of Thomas Jefferson (1801 - 1809)

Author name: محمود عبد المحسن ناصر العلي

Supervisor name: خولة طالب لفتة الحميداوي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: first decade of the nineteenth century holds with it an important stage from the date of the United States of the internal political, During that period had not been passed on the establishment of the U.S. government as the Government of the Constitution ofـ legislative, executive and judicial ـ more than eleven years announcement of the U.S. Constitution 1789 until the beginning of the nineteenth century, but had not on the nation U.S. an independent state of a sovereign their mandates of the three ten more than seventeen. of Day announcement of Independence U.S. from Britain in 1783 until the beginning of the following century. The present study to shed light on an important stage of the life of Thomas Jefferson political and at the level of domestic politics represented in the duration of his position as the third U.S. president in 1801 and even the end of the second term in 1809 after that took consecutive, lies the importance of this period in it is the first time dominated in which the Republican Party Democratic on the legislative and of Congress and executive of the presidency, after that was However, Unionist Party, while the judicial authority has remained in the possession of the party last. It is obvious is also known to all that the different views of the parties opposing reflected on the nature of the work of those parties, so felt researcher that addresses in his reasons for that the dispute from the beginning through the included within the introductory chapter. It is during that details emerge last, what are the measures to the new government of Republican Party Democratic and President Thomas Jefferson, through all this period? This question will be the entire cited study of the details, it has sought to the new president to several measures to mention of them First : to reconcile the parties as much as possible, Second : to achieve his dreams to expand towards the territory Bank by buying new territory, Third : to reconcile the legislative and executive and the one hand and the judicial authority of the other hand. Is it will succeed President Thomas Jefferson in his quest? in spite of that the United States U.S. has become a country with the Constitution of the Government of return to the year 1781, the internal political developments witnessed by the through eight years the first of the nineteenth century( 1801 1809), can be by the concept of( evolution' s New to the United States U.S.), in order to the outcome of him the state of many changes, including its powers of the three( legislative, the Executive, the judicial). On the other hand U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, who took the state presidency during this period, score was the most prominent in the nature of these developments, although he a series of government positions internal and external, its role as had a big impact to change the many of the internal policies

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بريطانيا وايرلندا الحرة : دراسة في العلاقات السياسية 1939 - 1945 == Britain And Free Ireland A Study In Political Relations 1939 - 1945

Author name: يوسف طه حسين القريشي

Supervisor name: فرقد عباس قاسم المياحي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: This dissertation aims at making the Arabs and researchers realize the major aspects of the British - Irish relations in most dangerous period, the Second World War. This study follows up the reasons behind the Irish state refusing of the British demands of the military facilities, especially the using of the Irish ports as well. Moreover, the study discusses the nature of political relations between Britain and Ireland during the Second World War and its effects on war.The study begin in 1939,because it is the year that witnessed the outbreak of the Second World War and at end in 1945 in which Hitler’s defeating in Europe. The study falls into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter the researcher sheds light on historical background of the British - Irish relations. This chapter focuses on the British occupation of Ireland from early time and the political developments of the relations between Britain and Ireland since the Irish independence up to September 1939.In the second chapter the researcher studies the British - Irish relations from the outbreak of the Second World War up to 1941.The researcher focuses on the Irish attitude towards the military developments of war since early time up to U.S.A. declaration of war against the Aix powers, the British efforts to get the military facilities from Ireland, and follows up the reasons behind the Irish state to refuse the British demands.The chapter three devoted to discuss the international developments and its results on the British - Irish relations from 1942 up to 1943.The researcher focuses on the U.S.A. efforts to improve the British - Irish relations, the Irish reactions on the landing of the American troops on the north Ireland, and the Irish resistance of the Allied demands of the putting up the propaganda and spy of the Aix powers in Ireland. Finally, this chapter deals with the Welch’s visiting to London and its effects on the British - Irish relations. The last chapter devotes to deal with the continuance of the British demands from 1943 up to 1945.The researcher tries to discuss the Irish resistance of the British demands on dismissing of the Aix diplomats from Ireland, the Irish attitude towards the last developments of war, the British demands not to grant asylum to war criminals of the Aix powers, and its demands to hand over the German detainees in Ireland.As for the conclusion, it is as a summary of the most important results that the researcher arrived it

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المشروع الالهي في الخلافة والسقيفة == The Goddess Project In Al Khilafah And Saqeefah

Author name: جاسم حسن جابر الموسوي

Supervisor name: مصطفى جواد عباس

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: A viewer to the reality of the Islamic nation may notice the high level of problems that aggravate and statuses that decline till reaching the killing of its people to each others; giving themselves the right to shed the blood of others using justifications that are unauthenticated by any other law or convention on Earth. Being distracted and servile to their enemies and using fake fatwa, they claim the victims to be unbelievers. Despite the fact that the Islamic nation possesses the factors of strength and the bases of development on the level of human resources, wealth, geography, history, religious and knowledge system; there is a fundamental case and a central problem that makes it unable to arise and proceed. This problem is the main reason for all what the nation suffers and it is inculcated in the conscience and existence of the nation. It is the dispute that busied the nation and made it feeble to overpass to deal with any other problem till it rotted all its structure and killed it. From the depths of suffering, arise the visions and cures through the unification of standards to reach some satisfactory results. From here comes the causes and objectives of this study as an abstract, daring and objective refinement to the reasons of the fundamental dispute in the history of the Islamic nation, its present and future. The dispute is represented by the incident of 'Al Saqeefah' along with the regimes it established, and the associations and shades it provided which had its influences and effects up to date.The researcher worked on the unification of the research approach between the two disputed parties through what is agreed upon from what is said, done and authorized by Prophet Mohammed (Allah blessings upon him and his A'll) along with the sound Soras of the Holy Quran for the purpose of standards unification and accept what agrees with them and reject what disagrees. The purpose here is to stay in line with the goddess project and not to give the judgmental projects a corona of holiness to show them in different pictures rather than their real pictures or to take them as religions and cut off any thought contradicting them. The researcher uses the analytic method for narrations and the accumulation of evidences for the incidents and subjects along with debate and conclusion. The researcher proposed his subject in three chapters; chapter one entitled 'The goddess project for the human being… its dimensions and goals; chapter two entitled 'Events pre - Saqeefah that is attached to Al Saqeefah incident' and finally the third chapter entitled 'The event of the martyr of Prophet Mohammad (Allah blessings upon him and his A'll) and the events of Al Saqeefah. The researcher concluded that the event of Al Saqeefah is a judgmental project that did not go the same direction as the goddess project and did not follow the parameters of the goddess project. On the contrary, it established new visions that are different from the visions of the goddess project and did not follow the goddess method through the separation between the Holy Quran and 'Al Etrah'; the two factors recommended by prophet Mohammad to grasp them tightly according to the collective viewpoint of the Islamic nation. Furthermore, the event of Al Saqeefah did not establish a clear - cut methodology in terms of politics and authority neither in economy. Every Khalifa has his own judgment which was different than his antecessor's till eventually we reached to an armed conflict amongst the comrades. The conflict developed with the feed of the political and financial authority of governors. Consequently the nations divided into different nations and parties and into different intellectual and sectarian schools clashing and considering the results of Al Saqeefah a red unapproachable line, despite the fact it is merely a judgment of the mistaken or a mistake of a judging entity, which is void of any legal document or any attribute from the Holy Quran or Sunnah. It was merely a claim that Quraish has made a choice which is a good one! So, let us take what is agreed upon and work on it and forget about our disputes and let us forgive each other because we cannot make any step forward unless being unified.

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الثورة المكسيكية 1910 - 1940 : دراسة تاريخية == The Mexican Revolution 1910 - 1940 Historical Study

Author name: عقيل جعيز شمخي السهلاني

Supervisor name: ابراهيم فنجان صدام الامارة

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Did not receive historical and political issues for countries the Americas interest academic studies in Iraq, except for the study of the history of the United States and positions on many issues around the world, to the United States from a broad relationships global position as a major country, so it remained date the Americas states unknown is not addressed to him only through the study of European history since the start of the geographical statements, because of the political weight of Europe in that era, and the strength of the ruling European households able to roots date manufactured in the Americas, and stuck to the lead in writing and drafted in accordance with the historical and the European political perspective. Given the changing political situation in the Americas as a result of the liberation movements of European colonialism, especially after the American War of Independence in 1776, linked the peoples of the Americas Association of law, citizenship and belonging and state sovereignty in a new way. This has resulted in all the new events and new variables from which emerged the new date as part independently of European history, and it became necessary to study the history completely independent way from what it was before independence. It is fitting that academic studies trending in Iraq toward areas and historical issues that has not received sufficient attention commensurate historical value new perspective, emphasizes the study of circumstances and experiences of these countries and the size of the similarity between them and the Arab states in the tragedy of division and retail inherited Arab and American countries of European colonization, including where Iraq. Before that democracy achieved in many American states, had to pass through several stages of the struggle, succeeded in some of them, and failed in others, but the struggle for democracy has never abated, it has witnessed the Americas in the early twentieth century revolutions several In order to achieve democracy was the most important subject of the study of the Mexican Revolution. The importance of this revolution back to several reasons, not necessarily called for the study was the most important. Historical extension of the revolution, because the revolution was the outcome of political and social developments and serious economic passed out of Mexico since the Spanish occupation in 1519 have until the fall of dictatorship under Broferrio Diaz in 1910 at the hands of Francisco Madero. That era that changed the moral concepts of the social level, and made Mexico ample vast American intervention at the political level, a cheap commodity and foreign investment in the market at the economic level. The Revolution the lead in advocating the values of socialism worldwide and the first missionary out, as it was the first revolution in the twentieth century has inspired a lot of American States freedom and independence, thus this would be a major historical turning point towards global socialism that has taken root quite the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and its ideology of Marxism in 1917, but the revolution in Mexico has not received as much attention is given to the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. The reason for this is the different ideological visions between the two revolutions, and the export of socialist principles mechanism for other countries, Russia has worked on the export of the socialist doctrine of the world, and Mexico provided only in the framework of American States. The length of time it took the Revolution, which lasted forty years, in which he expressed a continuing insistence of the Mexican people to aspire to freedom and to the establishment of a civil state based on democratic institutions. Mexico also saw a succession in which many governments because of the large number of political conflicts and growing competition in the access to the top of the pyramid of government in the state, as well as changes in the political arena of uprisings and rebellions and counter - revolutions. Permanent political conflict between Mexico and the United States because of the border overlap between the two countries, and the continuation of hatred between the two peoples, because remnants of the Mexican - American War 1846 - 1848, which manifested itself what is known as (b waiver Mexican) all from Texas, Florida and Chrinland to the United States, as well as US concerns Mexico from being sucked toward the socialist bloc led by the Soviet Union in the framework of the World Socialist capitalist race. The class struggle, who grew up under the dictatorship of Diaz, whose impact on the overall social relations in Mexico, which split the Mexican community and the jurisprudence of the two categories of workers, farmers, and gave rise to a lot of uprisings and revolts and strikes led to the result of dismembering the society which form difficult to contain conflicting attitudes in under the Mexican Revolution. So a lot of those so - revolution social revolution. Revolution split into two phases, the first armed struggle involved and spread within the period 1910 - 1920, the second is the stage of the reconstruction of Mexico from 1920 to 1940. And the size of the political challenges faced in the context of those eras. The aim of the study is to show the importance of this revolution, and the analysis of the roles that passed out politically, socially and economically, which crossed the whole for (unanimously for the birth of Mexico current), as well as the desire that this study be suitable to understand a lot of problems that are related to American history away ground import perceptions of Western literature and studies. Besides contributing to fill the vacuum in the Iraqi libraries studying this historic area. Was chosen in 1910, the beginning of the subject, because it is the year that was sparked by the revolution at the hands of Francisco Madero, and fell by the Government Breviro Diaz after thirty - four years of dictatorial rule passage, and your search is over in 1940 after the end of Cardenas rule which put an end to the end of the revolution, so Btamima Mexican oil and apply it the Law of Agrarian Reform and lay Constitution, which was founded on the jurisprudence of the modern Republic of Mexico and the handover of the National Revolutionary Party, which lasted for the next sixty years

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دور كنعان ايفرين السياسي والعسكري في تركيا (1980 - 1989) == The Role Of Kenan Evren Political And Military In Turkey (1980 - 1989 )

Author name: فضاء حازم عبد الحسين المحمداوي

Supervisor name: خلود عبد اللطيف عبد الوهاب

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The thesis is The role of Kenan Evren political and military In Turkey (1980 - 1989) This study centres on the political and military role of General Kenan Evrin in the contemporary history of Turkey for the years 1980 - 1989. Gen. Evrin is considered a character that had a direct impact on the historical events in Turkey , for he played a major role in the economic , political and social changes in modern Turkey, particularly after he led the coup d'etat in 1980 and became the head of the national security council and finally the president of the Turkish Republic until his resignation in 1989. What has characterized this study is its tackling of important subjects such as the motives behind the coup and the US role in it , and all the political , social , economic and foreign policy transformations that ensued from it.because of the importance of this period in the interned policy of Turkey and the absence of an academic research in Iraqi libraries that converse that important political period. This study falls into an introduction , three chapters , a conclusion and some appendices.The introduction investigates the nature of the interior and foreign situations in Turkey as well as the factors behind the processes making the political decisions.Chapter One sheds light on the motives that prompted the coup in 1980 , the formation of a military government headed by Kenan Evrin , and its decisions. The chapter also deals with the drafting of 1982 constitution and putting it to a referendum.Chapter Two studies Evrin's role in the interior and foreign policies of Turkey and all the changes that came as a result of the coup. Additionally, this chapter tackles the importance of the decisions and fiats taken by Evrin concerning the interior issues in Turkey such as the problem of the Kurdish and Armenian minorities. Chapter Three deals with the foreign policies of Turkey under President Kenan Evrin from a fundamental reality which is that Turkey is major country bordering on the Arab world and has an important strategic geographical posision in addition to its strong relationships with the west , especially the United States of America.The 1980 coup came as a response to some political, security , social and economis issues witnessed by Turkey during the 1970s , and the emergence of many attempts to redraw the political map of Turkey. These factors are the causes that motivated the military leaders to interefere in the political life and the imposition of their conditions and procedures concerning political participation in Turkey. This study addressed a historical ear that it was very important for history of Turkey , The Internal situation and external international political and military did a big tolyto get a leader with qualities (Kenan Evrin ) to the rule and not get 1970of the last centery with clear development in infrastructure for Turk society ( Agricultural - inclusterial - tracle ) for Turk society but it couldn’t do a successful solutions to it. but Turk did through this act and tried to develop its democratic. And it helped to establish political parties which got its chance to its political goals , Who did its goals dnd trieclto do with ideas with wrong ways , This practices lead to dangerway during 1970 , Some of them used a political violence to get the power , So the Turk society may get a civil war , The governments which get the power were so weak and couldn’t do or to solve any problems in this decade. Kenan Evren has got a military person that he had a high position in Turkish government. He believed with Mostafa Kamels concepts that take responsibility to keep them after threats and me got in Ataturk celebration in 1980. Which tried to get rid of terrorism and political violence. And tried to repair the damage in the country. The coup in 1980 which came for the political developments and socio - economic - security political witnessed Turkey. in 1970 and many efforts which appeared to make a political map in Turkey and efforts. These evidence were to military leaders with their terms in politics. This is which happened after in 1980 and the issuance of the constitution in 1982 with the other procedures.

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سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميركية تجاه الهند (1964 - 1972) == United State Of America Policy Toward India (1964 - 1972)

Author name: حيدر عبد العالي جبر

Supervisor name: كاظم هيلان محسن السهلاني

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على اشرف الخلق اجمعين محمد المصطفى واله الطيبين الطاهرين......اما بعد...فان دراسة السياسة الخارجية الاميركية تحظى باهمية كبيرة في التاريخ الدولي المعاصر؛ لان فهم تلك السياسة اصبح ضرورة ملحة؛ نظرا لكونها تشكل القطب | The study tries to study an important topic which is related to the international relation ,more specifically it is American - Indian relations. After Indian gained its independence in 1947, it endeavored to build her bases foreign policy to ensure its independence and to prevent itself from any external interference detrimental, especially after the beginning of the cold war between to main poles United States and Soviet Union.In that period the events an any place of the world had affected by this relation between tow poles in way or Another the cold war synchronized within India's independence, so it endeavored to keep its independence by following neutrality policy. Then talk about the thesis of American - Indian relations in the era of President Nixon and Johnson during the period 1964 - 1972oukd Tenth three ministers and heads of Indians are Jawaharlal Nehru، Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi varied according to the United Alaqtbalolayat international circumstances and the problems faced by India.The study divided the five chapters and an introduction and a conclusion, with supplements, and the first chapter titled stages of the American political evolution, and was divided into two sections presidents first dealt with the concept of foreign policy of the United States to recognize the historical context of the concept, while the second section focused on the mechanisms American political decision - making. As for the second chapter, which came titled US policy toward India 1947 - 1964 he served as an introductory chapter indispensable gives a clear and focused on US policy for the period that preceded the duration of the study image, has been divided into four topics Head first section dealt with the strategic importance of India for US policy, while highlighted the second section highlights the Indian - American political relations, has been highlighted and adequately on the nature of those relationships during the Eisenhower and Kennedy, while singled out the third section of the policy of the United States economic toward India, and in this study were addressed this aspect something detail; to understand its importance in American policy tools. The fourth section, which dealt with the position of the United States towards the Indian foreign conflicts, this section included three axes Axis I touched on US policy toward India - Pakistan conflict over Kashmir state, indicating the most prominent positions Washington from that conflict and the other Axis Turning to the US position on the Sino - Indian war in 1962, which saw the US support and clear the Indian side and the third axis focused on the United States 'position in the Indian conflict - Portuguese on "Goa" region (Goa) 1961, highlighting the United States' position from that conflict and its reflection on the US - India relations. While the Third chapter focused on political Johnson to internal developments in India 1964 - 1968 This chapter section on the three sections Head as eating the first part, the Johnson administration's position on the pay Shastri - Andrigandhi prime minister of India, and in this section the focus was to see the position of Washington political changes after the death of Nehru, and how to deal with these variables, while the second section focused on Johnson's policy toward Indian food crisis of 1965 - 1967, and finally focused on the position of the third section of the Johnson administration to developments in the Indian nuclear file 1964 - 1968. While highlighted in the fourth chapter on the attitudes of mutual countries towards key issues such as the Indian armament issues that separated in the first section of this chapter, and devoted the second topic to talk about the Indian position on the Vietnam issue and its impact on their relationship with the United States, while the third section focused on US position from the second Kashmir war in 1965. The final chapter has focused on Nixon's policy towards India 1969 - 1972 has been divided into four first Investigation eat the nature of American - Indian relations during the period above, while the second topic of Indian - Soviet relations and their impact on US relations, and the third on the Nixon administration's position on the repercussions Bengali crisis and, finally, the fourth section focused on the US position of the outbreak of the 1971 India - Pakistan war.The study was based on a number of diverse sources, which published documents formed the basic source material for scientific material, these documents have supported the basic references, by people who were directly related to the events.Finally, I hope that I have been successful in my modest knowledge of the extent commensurate with the subject of the study, and it may be that I have been able to prepare an academic study draws in that period of American policy toward India landmarks.

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Author name: حمادي سلمان حمادي الفلاحي

Supervisor name: كهلان كاظم حلمي القيسي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Anbar

Language: Arabic

University location: Anbar

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الازمة التشيكوسلوفاكية 5 كانون الثاني - 26 اب لسنة 1968

Author name: عيسى سعد عيسى

Supervisor name: جاسم محمد هايس

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: The crisis began Czechoslovak on the fifth of January 1968 on the impact of isolating President Antui Novotny from the presidencya of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and handed the chairmanship political Slovak Alexander Dubk a policy reform has adopted the latest political reform known as the Prague Spring, and this, and since the first day he Dubcek conduct A number of economic reforms and internal and external political and even reforms included the role of the Communist Party in the state which led to the isolation of elements of anti - reform and replaced them with elements of the Communist Party who believe in change for the advancement of the country after being hit by paralysis in all respects, and that's what exciting leaders Soviets and the countries of NATO and laid They accused Dubcek trying to get out of the socialist bloc despite the emphasis on friendship and treaties that bind Czechoslovak with the rest of the block, especially after The introduction of Dubcek work program of the government reform, prompting the Soviet Union to the request for a large number of meetings in several areas in Dresden and in the laid Moscow and Tichernand Tissot and finally in Bratislava, and all of these meetings ask Dubcek and the government to stop the work program, which aims to deviation in the ideology of the Communist Party, but that Dubcek and reformist government influenced walk towards the complete funeral approval of the terms of the government's program, and when he did not find the Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Bloc ears foreach funeral During the meetings, decided to use a military solution to crush this spring, which intends to change sex Czechoslovak from a communist state to a capitalist country and this money allows him and this set off Soviet tanks with the help of Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and East Germany in the atheist Twenty - August 1968 and arrested Dubcek and all the leaders Astalahin to Moscow, and the plan was to replace the government with elements of the conservative Mullen of the Soviet Union, but the public pressure at home led to the failure of the plan of the Soviet Union ensued unrest, demonstrations and sit - ins across the Czechoslovak demanding returns Dubcek and his comrades, forcing the Union of Soviet change plans and bowed to pressure the Interior arose in dialogue with Dubcek and his comrades under pressure President Czechoslovak and fear of Ceylon blood of the people Czechoslovak agreed Dubcek and his comrades Protocol Moscow and the implementation of all policies included in previous meetings, which led to the loss of confidence of the people driving after their return and gradually isolate the elements of reform and returned the situation to McCann before the fifth From January 1968 until the that Dubcek Slovak leader resigned and became an ambassador in Turkey as a result of the policy of normalization Frdaha the Union USSR Czechoslovak on.

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تاريخ الرسل والملوك لمحمد بن جرير الطبري مصدرا لدراسة سيرة الامام علي عليه السلام : دراسة نقدية تحليلية == History Of The Apostles And The Kings By Muhammad Ibn Jarir Al - Tabari A Source To The Study Of The Biography Of Imam Ali (PBUH)

Author name: ياسمين سالم مطرود سند

Supervisor name: شاكر مجيد كاظم الحواني

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is an endless sea that no one find its coasts. His followers and supporters wrote about him but did not give him what he really deserved. His enemies also recognized his unable to describe him. for he was as described by prophet Mohammad (PPBOH) where he addressed him " Ali , no one knows me except Allah and you , and no one knows Allah except me and you " There for , nothing is left to add to the importance of this great figure after all the many studies about it not only in history but also in politics , literature , philosophy , philology … etc.Biographies of many important Islamic figures were not correctly and realistically introduced because that information provided in the primary sources of history was not correct due to the deviation and change that the recording of history witnessed as is was directed by the wants and inclinations. Thus that recording changed and mentioned events that did not really exist. The result was a fake history.Imam Ali , the soul of immortal Islam , was main target of such intrigues and forgery. since the application of Islam did all their best to insert and distort the old and the new in this history As a result the error became the standard and the correct disappeared and for some people the correct accounts became something odd. So, there is an insisting need to purify our history of these baseless and incorrect accounts. This study is an attempt to treat such cases and a kind of contribution to this great project. The researcher chose to study Date of the Apostles and the Kings by Muhammad ibn Jarir al - Tabari source to study the biography of Imam Ali (PBUH) had a high statue and his Book was considered as the real Islamic history. we would not exaggerate to say that all who studied and are studying any topic in the Arabic Islamic history till the beginning of the 4th hijri century should behind success and fame of this book were that he collected before him in this single book whereas the other scholars distributed their efforts and materials in different books. consequently , his book remained and theirs were lost or their value was reduced. Besides , his students copied and saved his books because of his high scientific statue. A research should be conducted about this book to answer questions about its significance and how much the historical information mentioned in it is trustworthy. generally , the book contained interesting and serious religious and political historical events.this study attempts to criticize and analyze the texts that were stated in Al Tabaris book about Imam Ali and comparing them with the real history as stated in other sources. The accounts are also criticized and analyzed to falsify all that cannot be accepted in them. Them , the study sheds light on that book to see what history it has introduced as true and as untrue.The study is dividing in to an introduction three chapters and conclusion.the first chapter " imam Ali and his role in life of the prophet Mohammad (PPBUH) " in clouds two sections. The first section emphasizes some important events in the life of the Imam in mecca. section two deals with what the imam witnessed during his life after the death of the prophet till his rule as a khalifa the first section of the chapter discusses the events that the imam witnessed during the era of Abu Baker whereas the second one dealswith the most important questions that the imam witnessed during the era of Omar Bin Al - khattab The third section is a study of the events that the imam witnessed during the era of Othman Bin Aafan. Chapter three studies the events during the rule of imam Ali Bin Abi Talib (POBUH). In the First section of this chapter , the researcher studies the life of the imam from his homage till the Battle of Al - Gamal.section two is about the battle of saffeen. section three tackles the events that Al - Tabari mentioned in his book from Al nahrawan battle till the death of the imam. The most impotant can clusions that the study has arrived at are : Al - Tabari was not honest as a convegor of the historical material. He took from kooks of some authors and he mentioned their names but what he took was not the real product of those authors and manipulated the matirol to show what he wanted to show in his book. We found out in this study that Al - Tabari wrote a special book about the speech of Ghadeer khum in two big volumes , but unfortunately this book was lost. Al - Tabari was not neutral in conveying all the news that were related to a single event as it was expected. Rather , he was selective and chose some news and not the others though those others were agreed a pon.* Al - Tabari neglected the details of the correspondence between Mu, awia and mohammad Bin Abi Bakr when the latter was the ruler of Egypt. Those correspondences shed light on many historical events including aspects in the life of imam Ali.* Al - Tabari was submitted to the pressure of the public opinion in mere then one situation which reflected that he was influenced by a certain political trend or a certain wish or flattery or fear.As an example of this , he confessed that he neglected much of the news that were mentioned in many references about the conflict between Abu Dharr Al - Ghefari and Othman bin Aaffan and Mu,awia and his dependence or the tale of the so - called excusors only as represent by Saif bin Omar. But when he referred to the news that were against the enemies of Abu Dharr Al - Ghefari , he said that they were very news and he hated to mention them. this selectivity had great negative effect on his book " History of prophets and Kings ".*The book " History of prophets and kings " was considered as a reliable source for many of the historians after the time of Al - tabari. Most of them found it enough to depend on this book and very rarely they added to it like Ibn Al - Atheer , Ibn Katheer, Ibn haldun and others who limited them selves to what Al - Tabari selected of the cirtical and important situation that need more research and investing including the life of Imam Ali It is book was considered as the only outlet though which the lies of Siaf Bin Omar passed to the books of Islamic history. Further more , Al - Tabari adopted trans ferring some narratives and not the others. He claimed that the narrators were responsible f what they mentioned and not him. However , the researcher believes that he also should be taken as responsible. * The study also found out that homage of Imam Ali was not forced on people. Rather , they were convinced and satisfied. Besides , the Imam sent his rules to the regions before and after the Battle of Al - Gamal and not only before that battle as it was mistakingly proved.

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Author name: عبد المنعم عبد الجبار علي جعفر

Supervisor name: ابراهيم جدوع محسن السلمي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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احوال اليهود في بولندا خلال الاحتلال الالماني 1939 - 1944م == The Conditions Of Jews In Poland Through The German Occupation 1939 - 1944

Author name: محمد قاسم علوان البهادلي

Supervisor name: فوزي خلف شويل

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: تناول هذه الدراسة موضوع تاريخي مهم، يتمثل في احوال اليهود في بولندا خلال الاحتلال الالماني (1939 - 1944). وتركزت اهمية الموضوع في تحليل طبيعة السياسة التي انتهجها قادة اليهود البولنديين في تعاملهم مع المحتلين الالمان واثر ذلك على السكان اليهود والمجتمع البو | This study addressed the topic of important historical, It is the conditions of the Jews in Poland during the German occupation (1939 - 1944). The importance of the subject centered in the analysis of the nature of the policy that pursue it by the leaders of the Polish Jews in their dealings with the German occupiers and its impact on the Jewish population and the Polish society in general, and clarify the behavior patterns and their intellectual transformations, and political, ideological dimensions associated with German policy. As well as clarify attitude the parties and organizations of the Jewish and the Jewish population in dealing with these, response, rejection, and adaptable, as well as know closely on the nature of the racist behavior of systems and laws of the German occupation and the extent of its impacts on the Jewish population in Poland, and how power and influence of the international attitude.The study was divided into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter show conditions of Jews in Poland the economic, social, cultural, educational and political under the Second Polish Republic (1918 - 1939).Second Chapter Studied German occupation policy toward the Jews in Poland in the domain of political, economic, health and the circumstances that led to the formation of the Poilsh - Jewish councils and practices it of the policy of occupation against the Jewish population and the role of the Jewish police in that during (1939 - 1942). The third chapter addressed across four researches of Jewish insurgency movement that objection to policies Council and the Jewish police, then limited this role on a small group of Jews in 1943, whose did not welcome popularly, and attitude the power of occupation from the rebels Jews such as close the Warsaw Ghetto and so on. The third research discussed the role of the Polish ghettos except the Warsaw Ghetto in the armed movement against the German occupation. The fourth research the attitude of the Polish government in exile of the conditions of Jews in Poland.The fourth Chapter addressed destiny Polish Jews after the end of the ghettos, and clarify the role of the Polish underground to help Jews escapees whose hiding in the forests and cities that they thought it that safe from occupation, and studied the third research the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, to be this research pioneer the third research which dealt with the role Jews in the Warsaw Uprising then it did not notice the desired role despite Polish support to Jews during rebellion April, 1943. The conclusion focused on the most important conclusions that output from the study.

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النبي ابراهيم الخليل (عليه السلام) في القران الكريم : دراسة تاريخية == The Prophet Abraham In The Holy Koran

Author name: حيدر حسين حمزة سلمان الشريفي

Supervisor name: علي صالح رسن المحمداوي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: There is no doubt that Koran is one of the historical sources whereas every thing mentioned is true no thing but true. therefore , we have based on the Koranic texts to study the character of the prophet (Abraham) (God's blessing and peace be upon him). The study included four chapters : - In the first chapter , we have studied the prophet (Abraham) father's name , whether it is Azir or Tarih ? we proved that all the prophets' fathers (God's blessing and peace be upon them) were monotheists , no one of them was a polytheist , also we clarified that " Abuladhiayf " and " Abualbusharatain" are two of his epithets.In the second chapter , we have mentioned his many attributes , whereas he might be the prophet who holds the most attributes , who was afflicted by God in many issues , the preferred friend of his God , the groaned who feared his God in all conditions , the patient who handled the difficult issues with patience , the repentant who invoked God a lot , the good example to other prophets , the veracious not the liar as what was declared that "he lied three times " ? , the sincere and the loyal to his God who was very hospitable to his guests and the prayer who was praying a lot. He was calling people to worship God by performing prayers and asking God to keep him away from idols worshipping and sedition , make people hearts take the side of his progeny and asked God the repentance for him and his parents.We have proved the incorrectness of some of what was attributed to him such as (fear , apprehension and devoutness) by stating that he was sent by God and that intended fear is in the human self and exists in every human being.In the third chapter , we have stated that the prophet (Abraham) was in a good social standing otherwise , how could he married two wives , one lived in Kan'an and the other lived in Mecca. In the fourth chapter , we have stated that the year of his death wasn’t mentioned in the holy Koran but there was a mentioning in the Koran refers to the prophet's (Abraham) will for his sons and grandsons to keep believing in the religion of fathers and forefathers which is religion of Islamic. The second chapter : the progeny of the prophet Abraham We have discussed the subjects of the progeny , its definition and the Koranic verses which stated the concept of progeny , thus , we have divided progeny into two types : good and bad The good progeny are the prophets , sons of Abraham such as Isaac , Esau , Jacob , Josef , Moses , Jesus , Elia , Eliash , Lot and Mohammed (God may bless them ).While the Koranic expositors mentioned no names of the bad progeny and what we have found "transgressors who make mischief and act wickedly on the earth " only. In the view of the fact that the wife is the base for the progeny , therefore we studied Sara 4 and we stated that some of her attributes are performing prayers , giving birth after menopause and also we stated how she buffeted her face after knowing that she was pregnant. Hajir , was the woman whom the prophet Abraham brought her to Mecca to build the Kaaba and perform prayers , therefore she wasn’t the bondwoman as described by the weak - minded who don’t follow proof. By Koranic evidential verses , we have stated many times that his sons are Isaac (the sacrificed - who was about to be slaughtered by his father Abraham as a sacrifice to God) , prophet Esau ( the promising in science ) and Jacob was the grandson of Abraham , thereupon his will of Islam was for them. Furthermore , we mentioned the subject of the descendants of prophet Jacob because they are the progeny (descendants) of Abraham and their father is prophet Jacob.Moreover , we have clarified the concept of descendants , progeny (followers) and the Shiites from his posterity and we stated that they were the Muslims who followed and imitated him and his way of worship , and the worthiest person who has the right to inherit prophet Abraham is prophet Mohammed (God may bless him and his progeny).The third chapter : - Faith of Abraham's father and his people.In this chapter , we studied the subject of Abraham's father's faith , we stated how he argued with his father about his peoples' idols , describing these idols and asking God's forgiveness to his father for not abandoning his people's idols.Also , we referred to proofs refers that the prophet Abraham's father was a believer basing on what were mentioned in the Koranic texts , and we mentioned that all the prophets' fathers are virtuous and purified and not disbelievers.In the subject of his peoples' faith , we mentioned the kinds of deities they had such as idols , images and gods , moreover , we described these deities , their inability to speak where they can't talk , hear , see , help and harm. At the end of his mission , the prophet started to dispute them , when he found that they would not understand him , he destroyed their idols to let them see the fact that their idols are incapable even to defend their selves , consequently they build a high building , piled up wood and burnt him but the God's almighty saved him. The fourth chapter : - prophet Abraham's faith In this chapter , we proved with evidences that he was a Muslim and was believing in God (Allah) , doomsday and Day of Resurrection. then we stated the meaning of uprightness (Hanafiah ) and upright ( Hanafi) , we said that it’s the religion of Abraham which is ( worshiping Allah , staying away and abandoning polytheism , and he is innocent from being a Jew (on the religion of Judaism ) or a Christian (on the religion of Christianity) but he is a Muslim (on the religion of Islam ) Moreover , we stated that the uprights are the people who abandoned their people's belief , idols worship , eat dead animals and submit sacrifice for idols , warn people not to kill the female infants , who said that we worship the God of Abraham and started to dishonor their people for not worshiping God. In addition to that , we clarified that there was a connection between all religions and we said that the prophet Mohammed (God may bless him and his progeny) was on the religion of Abraham.We mentioned in this chapter that he is the obedient slave to Allah , he immigrated by the order of God to the blessing land - Mecca - and his worship to Allah is a worship by nature.We mentioned that he is the disputer prophet who defended prophet Lot and his people , he was described as the prophet whom God sent down books to him and we mentioned what were cited in these books from verses , parables and wisdoms and we stated that it is a self - purification from doubts by performing worships. Further more , we indicated to the prayer , we said that it is the base in all religions and this religious duty was performed by the prophet according to what was mentioned in Koran and Torah. While the Imamate of the prophet was the last thing sent down by Allah to Abraham after praying and invoking Allah. Because of its importance , we said that the prophet wasn’t content with Imamate for himself but he asked it for his progeny and he was the first prophet who held this basic element (Imamate).In the end of this study , we revealed the more illustrated results which are : his father wasn’t a disbeliever but a believer , he is the most attributed prophet in the holly Koran , he was asking a lot God's forgiveness to his father , he disputed with his people about their idols revealing to them that they hear , see , harm and help nothing.He was the first prophet who destroyed his people idols and his religion was Islam

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رؤيـة ابن منظور للامام علي بن ابي طالب (صلوات الله عليه) : دراسـة فـي معجـم لسان العـرب == Ibn Mandhour'S Own Vision Of Imam Ali Bin Abi - Talib "God'S Prayers Be Upon Him ( A Study In Lisan Al - Arab Dictionary

Author name: قصي عبد الصمد عبد الحي ياسين

Supervisor name: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميريكية تجاه القضية الالمانية 1969 - 1974 في ضوء الوثائق الاميريكية == The Policy Of United States Of America Towards The German Question (1969 - 1974) (In Terms The American Documents)

Author name: عبادي احمد عبادي

Supervisor name: كاظم باقر علي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: The Present dissertation aims at studying the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1969 - 1974 , and knowing the causes and the affections that made it to adopt this policy. It presents the affections of the United States policy in the political statement in Germany, especially the development of the political relations with the Federal Germany because of the American Administration disagreement to consider the Democratic Germany as an independent state. United States of America refused to establish a diplomatic relations with Democratic Germany. The present study illustrates that United States of America has diplomatic relations with the Federal Germany only. It sheds light on the policy of some other countries towards the German question,especially the Soviet Union. The American Policy towards the German question cannot be understood and followed unless the policy of the other countries should be dealt with since the policy of these countries affects, and it is affected with such a matter is resulted from the interrelation among the political and historical events in this respect. Some questions concerning the topic have been asked and the researcher tries to answer this questions.The study starts with 1969 which is the beginning of Nixon’s presidency in United States of America and Brandt as the Chancellor of Federal Germany.Their are began as a (( New Era )) in the political relationships between the East and the West that based on the cooperation instead of being so strict in order to find a score solution to the important political questions like the German question. In addition to this, they adopted such policy to decrease the tension and to support the security and peace in Europe. 1974 Comes as the end of the present study with the end of the Nixon’s and Brandt’s Presidency.The dissertation consists of an introduction , four Chapters, conclusions and appendances. The First chapter is considered as an introduction to the topic in order to know the historical origins of the American policy towards the German question throughout the historical development of this policy and it’s affections in the development of the political and the economic situations in Germany and the relationship with the Great States, especially the relationship with the Soviet Union and the Countries that have legitimacy to rule Germany as Occupation forces. It is the matter that initiates for the competition between the two forces concerning the power in territories in Europe generally and in Germany particularly, According to the competition between United States of America and the Soviet Union, The Cold War break out. The Cold War that happened caused the division of Germany into two countries and crystallized the establishment of the Federal Germany 1949. The Federal Germany has been rearmed and accepted to be a member in NATO in 1955. United States did so in order to prevent the Russian leverage in Western Europe. It can be also considered as an advanced centre to defend the American interests in this region. the Soviet Union established the Democratic Germany in 1949 Which has been rearmed and accepted as a member in Warsaw Pact in 1955. The Chapter concentrated on the American policy towards Berlin Crisis in 1958 and it’s results in constricting Berlin Wall in 1961. The Chapter dealt with all the reasons behind the failure reunifying Germany. The Chapter dealt with the causes and the variables that made United States of America re - estimating it’s policy towards the Soviet Union after Berlin Crisis. And the influence of the American policy on the policy of the Federal Germany before the presidency of Nixon. The second Chapter explains the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1969. It explains the influence of Nixon’s presidency in the diplomatic relations towards the Soviet Union and is reflections on the German question. The researcher, In this chapter, focuses on the reasons and motivations that made Nixon adapting such a policy and implementing it towards the Soviet Union. The chapter dealt with the policy of United States towards the second Crisis of Berlin in 1969 and the initiation ofthe diplomatic interaction between Nixon and the Soviet Leaders in order to reach at a suitable solution concerning the political questions that disturb both sides. The chapter dealt with the election of the Parliament in Federal Germany.The results of election Brandt’s success to be Chancellor. Brandt declares that he will adopt the policy of Ostpolitik with the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe in order to establish the bridge of trust and communication and to find a peaceful settlement for the German question and to end the tension and to support security in Europe. The chapter illustrated the reasons and the strategic targets that made Federal Germany adopting the policy of Ostpolitik with the East. The chapter focused on the American position towards the declaration of the policy of Ostpolitik which made United States feels anxious about it’s interests because of the policy of Federal Germany. In the same time, the chapter explains the causes that made United States supporting the Ostpolitikwith the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe countries. The chapter dealt with the positions of the other big notions toward the Ostpolitik in order to understand the American position as a result to the influence of these positions in the German question.The Third chapter explains the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1970 - 1971. The chapter dealt with negotiations between the Federal Germany and the Soviet Union, Poland and the Democratic Germany and The American Position towards it. However the American Position is characterized with supporting the negotiations. The chapter focused on the American position towards the “Agreement of Moscow” between the Federal Germany and the Soviet Union in the 12th of August 1970 and the “Agreement of Warsaw” between the Federal Germany and Poland in the 7th of December 1970, concerning the refreshment of the political relationships and the recognition of the border lines at that time. These two agreements are considered as turning points in the history of policy between the east and the west of Europe. Accordingly, United States re - estimated it’s diplomacy to suite the new conditions in the constriction of the political relationships with European Countries especially with its main ally, Federal Germany. This matter is embodied with the issue of a group of principles to guide the policy from the American interests in Europe and Federal Germany. The chapter dealt with the negotiations among the Four Power States in order to improve the conditions inWestern Berlin with reference to the exchange of drafts in this concern between the United States and Soviet Union and the role of Federal Germany in compromising between them. As a result, the Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin was a signed in the 3rd of September 1971 concerning Western Berlin. This agreement smoothed the way in front of establishing diplomatic relations and removing the obstructions between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany, so the agreement between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany was signed in the 17th of December 1971. The last chapter focused on the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1971 - 1974. It emphasized on the American policy towards the relationships between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany and the certification on the agreement of Moscow and Warsaw respectively in the Bundstag. United States exploited the attitude of the Soviet Union in the certification of the agreements to end the military aggravation in southern - east of Asia especially stop fighting in Vietnam. The chapter dealt with the role of United States and the Soviet Union in encouraging both the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany to finish their negotiations to reach at signing the basic agreement in the 21st of December 1972. This agreement recommends that both countries should normalized the political relationships between each other. The Four Power States issued (( the Four Power Declaration)) in 1972 which emphasized the upholding of including the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany in United Nations. This prepared the floor to accept them as equal members in United Nations in the 18th of September 1973. This step is followed by the diplomatic representation between the two countries in the 14th of March 1974. The Federal Germany established diplomatic relationships with all countries in the East of Europe including Czechoslovak throng the signing of a agreement of Prague in the 8th of December 1973. The chapter contains the reasons behind Nixon’s and Brandt’s resignation in 1974.

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روايات اهل الكتاب للسيرة النبوية (حتى عهد البعثة) == Tales Of Book People Of Prophetical Biography Till Age Of Mission

Author name: مخلد ذياب فيصل الجبر

Supervisor name: نزار عزيز حبيب الخاقاني

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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نشاط المراة الاقتصادي في صدر الاسلام والدولة الاموية

Author name: احمد ميسر محمود السنجري

Supervisor name: نجمان ياسين عباس

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Mosul

First pages:

Abstract: This research which is entitled “The Economic Woman Activity at the beginning of Islam and the Ummayad State” deals with exploration of the extent of female contribution in supplying the total economic activity during the period of the beginning of Islam and the Ummayad State. This period had witnessed the optimal application of Islam principles and its noble values. Also, it witnessed the formulation of the Arabic Islamic economy according to Arabic Islamic concepts. Therefore, we must regard the female economic contribution as a very important matter as it gives an integrating image of the evolution which occurred to the Arabic Islamic economy which we cannot have a complete image without the Female side being clear and understood.The research ‘vas divided into four chapters, the first deals with Arabic woman economic activity before Islam in the fields of commerce, agriculture, rural and vocational which is import because the Arabic lad is the environment in which Islam has emerged and brought up. Its people were the message holders for the whole universe and it is ordinary that our understanding of the nature of economy and the contribution of Arabic woman represents an approach which is vital to understand the how the consequent improvements formulated by Islam and the changes it brought about in the Field of female economic contribution specially, have occurred.Chapter two dealt with the display of the most important principles which Islam has brought concerning its dealing with the woman issue specially the regulation of her economic activities and works. Also, we explored the most important contribution of Arabic Muslim woman in this period as an example of for women in later periods as it is the begging of tile message period, thus it is regarded as the applicable and ideological bases of Islam principles by Muslim females.After that, we followed up the most important economic improvement especially female ones witnessed by this period like commercial and agricultural activities etc. We declared the extent of great economic activity carried out by Arabic Muslim woman in this period which is regarded as a pride recorded for the female economic contribution during that period and the later periods.Chapter three is devoted to the female economic contribution during AI - Rashideen Period which has witnessed great economic improvement as the Arabic Islamic wars to expand the Arabic Islamic State and repelling of the occupiers like Persians and Roman from the Arabic Land which after liberation were converted for the usefulness of Arabic Islamic people which contributed in the raising of standard living and the improvement of economy toward progress and prosperity and it is natural due to this, the female economic contributions In this period as it witnessed a real existence of the Arabic Muslim woman in all fields of economy as being a merchant, an agrarian, vocational struggler and example heroism, so, the Arabic Muslim woman was not half of the halted society but actually full of activity and effectiveness.Chapter Four explored the improvement which the female economic contribution has witnessed during the Ummayad period which was affected by the improvement of the Arabic Islamic economic improvement in general during this period and we have presented a number of examples which are compelling evidence on the extent of female economic contribution as there was economic field in which the woman did not participate during Limmayd period as her contribution was not marginal but a competition honor with her brother in all economic fields. Then the thesis ended with the most important conclusions.

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Author name: نور علاء يونس

Supervisor name: صالح جعيول جويعد السراي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

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ال الاشعث وموقفهم من اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) == The Al - A'Shath And Their Position On The Ahlubayt

Author name: نور ضياء جعفر

Supervisor name: خضر عبد الرضا جاسم الخفاجي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: In this study reviewed the Al - A'shath and attitude of the people of the house of the prophet Muhammad , peace be upon them all has been shown through the study the following results : - - That the Al - A'shath bin Qais Canadian due to the descent to the tribe of kinda the Al - A'shath leader of his people and their m aster. - The Al - A'shath bin Qais of the leading entrants to the prophet Muhammad , Peace be upon him and his family from the tribe of kinda. - Al - A'shath bin Qias attempt to prophet Muhammad , Peace be upon him and his family attributed to him to eat bran murar so based on a grandfather prophet Muhammed , peace be upon him and his family , but the apostle replied in response to a beautiful and told him that he be longs to parents , not to moms. - The Al - A'shath was the most prominent apostate after the death of prophet Muhammad , may Allah bless him and his family and his people reflect on the inability of faith in God and the reflect on the inability of faith in God and the prophet of them. - The concepts of tribalism and ignorance are in control of the Al - A'shath and the main motivation for their actions towards Ahlulbayt. - Al - A'shath is the son of Qais from affiliates of companions of Imam Ali , Peace be upon him and his Loyalists , however, he sought to undermine the effort forward because of jealousy and Guelleh. - The Al - A'shath prominent standing next to arbitration and insisted on choosing A Sh'ari who still potent in addressing Amr Ibn al - As result of this non thoughtful choice there were serious consequences led to the emergence of the Kharijites and held state Arab - Islamic days succession of Imam Ali , peace be upon him to internal conflicts and tent consequences. - Taking envy and rancor of Al - A'shath bin Qais to heart as big shares in mamra to participate in the killing of Imam Ali , Peace be upon him by the son mg. - In addition to the deviations of the Al - A'shath what I did crumple girl Al - A'shath against Imam Hassan Peace be upon him , where toatet with his enemies to get back at him and was able to call it that betrays Jehodha for ward Hassan peace be upon him and hide in the same from him the ball. - The machinations of the Al - A'shath did not stop at this point , the descent improper arises atomic corrupt moving on perdecessors approach to the hostility of the people of the house was both Mohammed and Qais son Al - A'shath negative role in the revolution of Imam Hussein , Peace be upon him which was the first victim Ambassador of Imam Hussein and his cousin Muslim bin Ageel and then after hi, Imam Hussein peace be upon him he became a target. - Al - A'shath were the sons of those participated in the fighting of Imam Hussein , peace and robbed him and who took part in the procession to the Levant where stepper Cano of carrying warheads dishonest Fajlalon cursed history. - Was the Al - A'shath bin Qais wake Amtazoa ptqrabhm Strain of the pure Imams Ahlulbayt likes of Imam Al Sadiq and Al Kadhim and Al Raza peace be upon them result in chiahm their followers and people of the house they approach the peace. - Influenced by Jaafar bin Mohammed bin Al - A'shath Imam Jaafer Al Sadiq and Imam Al Kadhim peace be upon them. - Taking Mohammed bin Mohammed bin Al - A'shath on his shoulder novel conversations people of the house known paljlaat which is transmitted from the people of the house exclusively. - It was Abbas bin Jaafar bin Mohammed bin Al - A'shath contact Imam Raza peace be upon him.

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مشكلات الحدود العراقية مع دول الجوار الجغرافي العربي (1937 - 1968) == The Problems Of Iraqi Boundaries With Arabic Geographic Neighbors 1937 - 1968

Author name: نور سالم مجيد عودة

Supervisor name: منتهى طالب سلمان

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The study of the international border problem of topics thorny and complex because they require knowledge of the historical, political, geographical and legal aspects with geographical neighbors of the country you want to study its borders.Since the establishment of the new Iraqi state border problems with the Arab geographical neighbors appeared on the political scene, and it was the most important of Iraq's attempt to obtain access to the sea overlooking the Arabian Gulf as Iraq has only a few kilometers are not commensurate with its economic potential, especially oil. So I began to border problems with Kuwait, along with the emergence of tribal problems and how to establish security and stability in the border areas and the problems related to water and oil pipelines to the border problems with Saudi Arabia, Syria, Jordan appeared.Thread derives its significance from the Iraqi border problems is one of the most important problems faced by successive Iraqi governments since independence in Iraq's modern history, which is still interesting for researchers, especially in the field of international political borders of Iraq. From this perspective has been chosen subject of the study (the Iraqi border with the neighboring countries of the Arab geographical problems : 1937 - 1968), was identified in 1937, the beginning of the study because of that this year the Iranian pressure on Iraq and demanding half Shatt al - Arab began forcing him to relinquish his stake in This water as he went to look for sea port on the Arabian Gulf, which raised border problems with Kuwait and then the rest of the Arab countries, were also identified in 1968, the end of this school year because it is the seventeenth of July coup occurred against the government of Abdul Rahman Mohammed Arif. In the wake of the coup saw the Middle East, important events have influenced later in Iraq's relations with the Arab geographical neighbors.This study tries to answer substantive questions, including : 1. what the real reasons behind the emergence of the Iraqi border problems Kaa Arab geographical neighbors?2. You had to Britain's role in fomenting the Iraqi border problems or resolved?3. What are the main border agreements and treaties that Iraq held with the Arab geographical neighbors to maintain international political boundaries?4. What are the key aspects of Iraq's border with the neighboring countries of the Arab geographical problems?5. Is the Arab countries cooperated with Iraq to resolve border disputes clans?6. How did the Iraqi border problems in its relations with the Arab geographical neighbors?7. Is Iraq reach a definitive solution to solving the border problems with the Arab geographical neighbors, especially with Kuwait, or is this Malfah problems between the two sides remained?Message material distributed to the introduction and four chapters and an epilogue, taking the first chapter, which was titled (the Iraqi border with the Arab geographical proximity 1921 - 1937 countries problems), a preliminary study is necessary, as it included four topics first addressed, including the Iraqi border problem - alkwytah reviewing the beginning of the problem and its roots and the way Iraqi border demarcation - alkwytah as well as smuggling border problems, he said, the second Iraqi border problems KSA reviewing conferences held between the two countries to resolve the problems of abuses tribal border as well as the disputed border outposts, while the third section emphasized the Iraqi border problems - Syrian explained border conferences held between the two sides and the results released on the border of the Syrian - Iraqi problems, while confirmed the fourth section on the Iraqi border with Transjordan problems (the Kingdom of Jordan later) of this section has been tracking the problems between the two countries and explain the demarcation of the border between the two lines, as well as tribal excesses on this line.The second chapter entitled came (the Iraqi border with the neighboring countries of the Arab geographical problems 1937 - 1958) were distributed among the scientific article on the four topics addressed first Iraqi border problems - alkwytah during this period, presenting an overview of the extent of the impact of the Second World War on the border and survival as it is a result of concern British in the war, but the end of the war saw the forties attempt Iraqi government to drag Kuwait to join the Arab Hashemite Union and resulted from negotiations on it, and ensure that the second section of the Iraqi border problems KSA reviewing Section positive steps that have taken place between the two sides and the resulting from the signing of several agreements borders , and in particular the management of neutrality zone and the subordination of the tribes reportedly water in 1938 also touched on the May Revolution (May 1941) and the extent of their impact on the Iraqi border, KSA, and the third section was devoted to the study of border problems of the Syrian - Iraq, particularly smuggling and disputes between tribes located on the border issues between the two countries during the forties and fifties of the monarchy, and the fourth section shed light on Iraq's border with the problems of Transjordan (later the Kingdom of Jordan) and to clarify the extent of the impact of international events and Anhecasha on the border with Iraq, Transjordan.The third chapter trace (the Iraqi border with the neighboring countries of the Arab geographical problems through loud First Covenant 19,058 - 1963) consisted of four topics first addressed the Iraqi border problems - alkwytah during the Republican era and the arrival of the first leader Abd al - Karim Qasim to power and re - announcing Kuwait home Mother causing an international crisis reflected on the relations with the Arab Jawaraljgrave countries, and between the second section of the Iraqi border problems KSA and explained the position of Saudi Arabia from the revolution and the new system of governance and the extent of fear of Saudi Arabia, followed cautious policy toward Iraq, he said, the third section of the Iraqi - Syrian border problems He highlighted the Shawwaf movement in Mosul in 1959 and over the effects on the border between the two problems, as well as the historic meeting that took place between the leader Abdul Karim Qasim and Nazim Qudsi President of Syria in the humid Nizqh border to settle the border between the two problems, which was a positive step to strengthen the relations between them, The fourth section shed light on the Iraqi border problems between - alardnah and extent of the impact of international events and circumstances at border crossing points after switching system of the State of the Royal Republican to Iraq.The fourth chapter devoted to the statement (the Iraqi border with neighboring countries, geographical problems during the second republican era from 1963 to 1968) and included four topics touched on the first of them to the Iraqi - Kuwaiti border problems and the development of the new Iraqi policy pursued towards Kuwait and the resulting expected Minutes or agreement in October 1963, which recognized Iraq through Kuwait and its borders and sovereignty, which form such an agreement obstacle to the border between the two countries, the negotiations, especially after the return of Kuwaiti government to confessions and previous evidence relating to the borders of the year (1932), dealt with the second section of the Iraqi KSA border problems and explain the effectiveness of signing treaties and agreements between the two countries and their impact in the second republican era, Chapter III handled the Iraqi border problems - Syrian and the crisis of Iraqi oil to Syria in 1966, and included the fourth section of the Iraqi border problems - alardnah statement international events and crises in that particular - alasra?alah Arab war in 1967 through the participation of Iraqi military units and cross - border support for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan at the time.So the Iraqi border with the Arab geographical neighbors problem of the main problems faced by successive Iraqi governments since independence to the present day Fasttaat Iraqi governments, some of which solution and others not resolved so far and has become a chronic problem, particularly with regard to the previous Kuwait forget the politics that were walking by both the two countries. Can resolve border problems by strengthening the bonds of economic and cultural relations and to move away from the spirit of hostility and gain at the expense of the other party

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ايران في عهد الشاه سلطان حسين (1694 - 1722م) == Iran In The Period Of Shah Sultan Hussein,S Reign ( 1694 - 1722 A. D.)

Author name: نهلة نعيم عبد العالي ال بطي

Supervisor name: سميرة عبد الرزاق عبد الله العاني

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Safavid state was formed of Turkumans Toides which known as Aelkezlba and inspite of the hard mysterious situations and accomapanying events that the state came through include the intermittent conflicts with the nighabours states such as oHomanic state which the main reason of conflect between them was the secaterian difference.but the safavid state had kept it,s power somehow specifically in age of first shah - Abas.but after while the state started to fall apart gradually by the age of first shah - Abas. During this time safavid state had seen social and economic problems led it goes down gradually,all this problems due to the first Abas shah because deliberately he killed princes of Safavid fimily ,this scene has been reflected on the desting of de Safavid state and it,s policy later on. When shah safi took the throne he has followed abloody policies later on had created lots of problems and had lost many lands used to be important and strategic for Safavid state. The second factor was the administrative system dispite the different foundations of Safavid,s state it has los it,s efficiency in performance as well as the rulers started. chacing to reach jobs and Salaries ,since the shah was spineless and driven as well as surround by foreign consoltants who did not give him the opportunity to choose snitable cadres to ful fill management positions dep on the former corruptor officers though. The only trouble that been faced by Safavid state was rip.and rivalry between officials,chairmen and rulers though its been clear that these factors drove the state to fall apart soon , as well as they became tax collectors. During the previous factors, arich class had been fromd and negatively affected the society, conflects it was not expected in these situations , to make workhose case for the foundations of safavid state.because these foundations have closed the Gates Upon all people , and became open just for people of benefits.That’s why management, jobs have been baugh, soch as well as money and fortune have always been inhirited infact its due to internal System instability which let the military foundation to be week and powerless after it was the core of Safavid,s state to face all conflects,s parts first Sha - Abas has formed military forces aims to find alteratives for the ancient foundation which has been ruled by Ael kezlbah to make it weak not to cancel It ,as well as this army was completely different than previous ones, Aftermath, Gorgies have poped up and showed these nations later on after weakness of loiality creed for shah and the state. According to this the foundation of religion has faced many changes.and replacements.with in the last years of safavids.Government, as well as religion,s entTiy was correlated to the political and Social situating to circuamstances, Though by this way the destiny of safavids state and its collapse have been the main reason religion entcty collapas. According to this we can figureout the factors of weakness which the safavids state had faced after long age of power either these factors wer characterized in the recipes of shah , leaders or curriculum.Though , Its been clear that the factors of weakness are more specially the character of shah.because shah wasn,t pwerfull authority and able to rule the state with specifications thate.in d time full of events ,conspiracies and internal revolutions, as well as since economic situations.which affected the social and political status, which the outcomes and resources - of commerce became so weak and few.Way the total responsibility of state collapse can not be on the head of shah sultan Husain.because in contrast between his age and ages before him we can find that.who social and conomic problems that state has faced belong to, ruled before him specially, shah suliman , as well as the chargcs against shah sultan Husain have been proved in this study ,that.The main reason of disintergration that happened to the community due to the shah first Abas who delebarately killd the princes of safavids family.

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المراة في كتاب الاصابة في تمييز الصحابة لابن حجر العسقلاني (ت : 852هـ/1448م) : دراسة تاريخية == Women In The Book Of Al - Esaba By Ibn Hajar Al - Asqlaani (D. 852 A.H./1448 AD) A Historical Study

Author name: نهاد نعمة مجيد الشمري

Supervisor name: وئام عدنان عباس النعيمي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The book of (Al - Esaba fi Tameez Al - Sahaba) is considered as one of the most important writings in the study of the life of the companions. Women have also had their own share of attention in the writings of Ibn hajar Al - Asqlaani (D. 852 A.H./1448 AD). He tackled the biographies of women in some details. Throughout our observation of the biographies of women, we found that Ibn hajar has traced the life of women from birth until death, and all that is related to the religious, political, cultural and economic life. To him, the favor belongs in knowing the names of the culture of female companions in all the provinces of Islamic world through knowing their names, brothers, relatives etc. Choosing the topic is undertaken where women in all sphere of life in the first and second centuries AH. The necessary require dividing the thesis into a Preface and four chapters. The preface is a brief account of the age of Ibn Hajar Al - Asqalani and the statement of his political, economic, social and cultural status for knowing the effect of his historical writing. Chapter One is the scientific and academic biography of the author and divided into two inquiries. First we stated his biography, name, surname, birth, family and bringing up until death. The second inquiry tackles the scientific life of the author from the beginning of his acquisition which includes his tutors (Sheiyukh), his travels inside and outside Egypt, his travel to the Levant, Yemen and other regions. The inquiry also tackles his functions and scientific efforts. Chapter Two includes three inquiry : the first inquiry studies the book of(Al - Esaba fi Tameez Al - Sahaba) and stating the importance and the value of the book. The second inquiry is devoted to the outline of the book which includes the style of Ibn Hajar in his book like references, repetition. Chapter Three studies the sources of Ibn Hajar which is divided into two inquiries. The first inquiry tackles the quotation from the source, and the second inquiry studies the sources of different religious sciences and historical writings. Chapter Four sheds the light on the public life ion four inquiries. The first inquiry concentrates on the missionary and jihadist role of women, the second inquiry on the scientific activity, the third on the economic role of women and the fourth is concentrates on the social and living of women like traditions of marriage, engagement, child rearing, etc. The study comes up to the following findings : 1. Ibn hajar Al - Asqlaani comprehended all the writings of his age. 2. Islam has cared for women and encouraged it to learn and consecrated for them many rules.3. He marked out the role of women in all aspects of life.4. The book of (Al - Esaba fi Tameez Al - Sahaba) has done a great favor for the students of the biographies of the companions in the 1st century. 5. Our Islamic history is still in need for studies of the hidden treasures.

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العلاقات التركية - الامريكية خلال حكم الحزب الديمقراطي 1950 - 1960 : دراسـة تاريخية == Turco - American Relations During The Rule Of The Turkish Democratic Party 1950 - 1965 An Historical Study

Author name: نغم عبد الهادي مهدي حسن شبع

Supervisor name: قبس ناطق محمد الدليمي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Many studies have done by Iraqi scholars on the Turco - American relations since the eighties of the last century. The reasons are obvious : Turkey is Iraq’s neighbor and it enjoys an important geo - strategic position in the Middle East, Asia and Europe. The second reason lies in the growing influence which the United states of America played after the World War II in the world. Therefore , we argue that studying the Turco. American relations during the fifties of the last century is important since the Middle East had witnessed many dangerous developments affected its countries and the world in general. This thesis is a study of the Turco - American relations during the years 1950 - 1960, namely the era of the Turkish Democratic party (T D C). The sources on which this study is based range from unpublished documents, documentary books which have used document mainly, books and articles.These books are in many languages : Arabic, Turkish and English.This study is divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one gives a historical background to the Turco - American relations since the nineteenth century until 1950.Chapter two concentrates on the policy of the (TDC) in Turkey during the years 1950 - 1960. It tries to shed light on how this party reached to power in Turkey and its effect on the Turkish political scene. How far the advent of the party did affect on the relationships between Turkey and the United states?Chapter three is devoted to examine Turkish position and attitudes towards regional and international alignments and alliance. It studies why did Turkey join the north Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and how Turkey allowed the united states to establish military bases in Turkey and how far this affected the relations between the two states to establish the relations between the two states. This chapters deals also with the Turkish. and American attitudes towards the formation of the Middle East Defense Organisation and of the Baghdad pact.Chapter four deals with the regional and global crises which happened during the period covered and its effects on the Turco - American relations. It begins with the Eisenhower Doctrine of 1957, the Syrian crisis and the role played by Turkey and the United States, the Lebanese crisis and the relations between them, the crush of the American U.2 Plane and finally the military coup in Turkey in 1960 and the defeat of the (TDC) in the election of 1960.

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موارد سبط بن العجمي (ت884هـ/1479م) ومنهجه في كتابه كنوز الذهب في تاريخ حلب == Ibn Al - Ajmi Tribe Of Resources (D. 884 AH / 1479 AD) And His Method In His Book The Treasures Of Gold In The History Of Aleppo

Author name: نعمة شكر محمود علي الجبوري

Supervisor name: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: From the former exposition of references and methodology of the author and what is related to it, It could have concluded the most important matters on which " Subt Ibn Al - Ajmi" paid huge concern in his Book " Kinuz Al - Thahab Fi Tarikh Halib" ( Treasures of Gold in the History of Aleppo). I could have concluded it in the following : The Book over mentioned is actually local encyclopedic composition and the author has divided it into two parts , in the 1st part, he planned for Aleppo during the period he has lived , while the 2nd part includes incidents and deaths during the period he contemporized. The author hugely concerned over mentioning references of his information either taken from an individual or from men of religion or doctrine or sect. He paid much attention on varying his methods as to get to the information from its sources as reading, listening and questions. He also has concerned over utterances and methods indicating to the contemporary and has given strength and reliability for his narrations. He did not cease at exposing and showing his narrations and information, but actually he mentioned many sources for the information and balanced between these narrations; besides always choosing the right one. The author is a skillful critic and being accurate in his narrations and writings. He relied on commitment that being considered as an indication for his concern on documentation. The author has bases and laws to accept narrations or refused them or to strengthen or weaken them. He cared to specify the narrator whom he took from, by showing that he descends from a specific country or from a definite doctrine. His text in many places and this indicated that he documented everything. Moreover, he interested the former studies and authors, asking for summary. He got back to books of history, wrote dates and news in addition to writing kinships, translations and poetry. This is indicated that he is prolific and varied in all domains. The author depends on the narrations preserved from the written narrations; he explained some maters and details concerning with the information.

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صبري العسلي ودوره السياسي في سورية (1903 - 1958) == Sabri Al - Asali And His Political Role In Syria (1903 - 1958)

Author name: نسرين فيصل داود

Supervisor name: ظاهر محمد صكر الحسناوي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Many authors and researchers shed their attention on the history of Syria , which passed through significant events which had a huge effect in the history of the Arab Homeless therefore , The history of Syria was studied from all sides , especially by Syrian researchers in particular , and Arab researchers in general. However , there are characters which have great role in the events which Syria passed through , and which have not studied and highlighted objectively. Regardless of the roles and positions taken by those characters m but they have become of great significant , which the researcher cannot ignore them without concentrating on those characters , especially outside Syria m because the political situations in Syria were reflected on many researchers m who were not objective in their judgments on those characters we have mentioned , nad it was necessary to study the policy which sabri al - asali adopted in the history of Syria and its effect on the course of events , whether in Syria or the Arab surrounding. The character of sabri Al - asali represented an influential axis in the course of the politic vents not only in Syria , but also in the Arab area , nudging his attitude on the triple charter , Beside his outstanding role in revealing the murderers of Adnan Al Maliki. Which the western countries were responsible for is murder. Beside his role in the issue of suez and the support of Syria to Egypt in this serious issue , respite the warning of the western countries to Syria to participate , still Sabri Al - asali declared that Syria would support Egypt. The thesis aims to study the life of Sabri Al - asali and his prominent political activities the history of Syria , through reviewing his upbringing life , and emergence the course of events his implementing many actions on the internal and external veils and his attitudes about the serious and multiple rab issues. The thesis consists of an introduction , our chapters and a conclusion , The first chapter discuss the origion of the family of Sabri Al - asali , his life activities his attributes and the start of his political activity through the great Syrian revolution in 1925 against the French occupation and joining the rationalist Action league , then joining the national block m and contributing in the elections of 1943 , the contributing in the Syrian ministries , especially minis interior. In the second ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 a minister of justice in the third ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 , then as aminister of interior once again in 1946 in the ministry of daadallah Al - jabr then joining the national party to become asecretary in 1947 , and his participating in the ministry of Jamil Mardam in 1948 , and the attitude of the National party from the coup of Hosni AL - Zaeem , also the attitude of the National party from the coup of sami AL - Hinawi in 1949. The second chapter deals with the attitude of al - Asali from the combination of 1950 and his attitude from the Ministry of the people‘s party , also the combination of his first ministry in 1954. AL - Asali role in the Arab - syrian relationships, Handling the Internal proticipation in the elections of the minisry of Saeed AL - Ggazzi. As well as the third chapter deals with studying the second ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1955, and the position of the ministry from the international alliances, The Internat policy of the ministry ,The Amenric and Bmerican and pressures, on the government of AL - Asali ؛ The Egyptian Support to the attitude of Syria from Baghdad pact and AL - Maliki alliance, Sabri AL - Asali had a role in prosecuting the murders of Adnan AL - Moliki, and the resignation of the ministry. The fourth chapter traces the third ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1956, Nehru and Shbelor in Damascus, The Approach of the third ASalian Ministry, The actirity from the internal disagreements in the Military Institution, The Syrian attitude from the nationalization of the Suez canal the ministry and the development of events in the middle east the aggravation of the third ministry in 1975 the attitude of the ministry from Eisenhower doctrine ,new development In The Syrian - Egyptian Relationships New Development To The Iraq - Syrian Relationships Development of The internal Situation in Syria , The Israeli - Arab Conflict ,The Policy of Positive Neutrality , the Deterioration of Relationships With The Arab - Gorden - Iraq - Egypt and Syria Al - Asali as Advice president to the Unity State , The Resignation of Al - Asali and his quitting The political life.

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الادباء ودورهم الاجتماعي في العصر العباسي في القرنين الرابع والخامس الهجريين == Literati And Their Social Role In Abbasid Age At Fourth And Fifth Hijri Centuries

Author name: ندى محمد عزيز

Supervisor name: عبد الكريم عز الدين صادق الاعرجي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: This study has specified on literati s and their social role in Abbasid age at fourth and fifth Hijri centuries , and it is historical and social study that reveals the different phases of their daily and personal life and its influences on Islamic community in general. The study stands on selective models of the most famous with wide reputation in Iraq and east Islamic states and Levant through the period of this study , who are so famous with their specific literatures , the dignity of their ranks and highness of their values, the study reveals their special position on writing poetry and editing wonderful discourses, and they have succeeded in the field of satisfied and acceptable dealing and correct guide with organized phrases and selective words.There are many reasons to study this thesis which are the close attach with humanitarian activities of nowadays society and another reason most of studies that dealing with Abbasid age in fourth and fifth centuries focused on the political and social upheavals that are likely to lead to disturbances and bloody conflicts and the social life of articles didn’t get enough study with only just few spots on their studies.This study implies three chapters starts with introduction and ends with conclusion and contains concluded results of thesis, and confirmed by main resources and references that are relied on this study.The chapter one contains “The community composition of literati s” that involves three sections , the first section reveals graces and sectarians which are the literati s belonged in, which are Arabic , Persian , Turkish and Romanian. The second section refers to the religious origin of literati which involves the Jewish , Christina , Sabean literati s and their influences on community, the third section deals with careers and crafts of literati which are coats and priories , writer , papermakers, teachers , doctors , businessmen and public career and craft.The second chapter deals with social traditions of literati and includes three sections, first section involves the clothes and their kinds and classes , the second section involves the eating behaviors and foods and drinks , the third section deals with social activities of literati and first one is about family life in affiance marital contract and child education and divorces of literati ,and also included the ceremonies and vacation in Ramadan month and Al - fitir Eid and Adhha Eid and Persian new Year's Day Destival day. The third chapter displays the (living life of literati) which included three sections , the section one is about the study of living life level of literati represnent by special , public and poor ranks, while the section two talks about the social moral of literati that includes the praise and indignity moral, the third section specified with social meetings that include the private and public literati’s meeting , and speaks about the method of entertainment such sports that restricted by chess , nerd and animal , and all the all success came from Allah

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حزب الاتحاد الوطني السوداني الافريقي " سانو" (1958 - 1972) : دراسة تاريخية == National Union Of Sudan African Party ((Sano)) (1958 - 1972) (Historical Study)

Author name: ندى حسين علي حمد الجبوري

Supervisor name: منتهى طالب سلمان

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: Founded in southern Sudan, a number of political parties during the era of the fifties of the twentieth century was for each of its programs and activities and weight in Sudanese society and its influence in political life and was Among the most important of these parties (the Patriotic Union of Sudan African Party)(Sano), who played a major key role in Silver South Sudan. The importance of this study is to analyze addressed to the ideas and activities of th party And his calls to demand for autonomy for the south Ensure that the first chapter (political transformations in Sudan until 1958)The second chapter is titled (National Union of Sudan African Party and the position of the military government of it until the year 1964) The reasons for determining the subject in the period between (1958 - 1972) where 1958 is the year of the signs of either party establishment in 1972, the year in which the party was able to achieve its goals in South Sudan to get on autonomy.1 - How did Ibrahim Abboud policy problem in South Sudan ? 2 - What is the role of the party (Sano) in the round - table conference in 1965?The third chapter was titledhe fourth chapte (National Union of Sudan African Party Sano civilian government until 1969) T r entitled the National Union of Sudan African Party Sano second military rule 1969. Influenced Ibrahim Abboud's policy towards the problem of southern Sudan through the end the parliamentary system in the country and his arbitrary policy in southern Sudan led to the migration of many intellectuals and southern parliamentarians to neighboring countries and founded a number of organizations and associations and parties such as the Christian Association of Sudan, which turned out to be the Patriotic Union of Sudanese regions Party sealed which turn to the Union National Party Sudanese and African (Sano).Sano Party has led a major role in the Round Table Conference in 1965, especially after the defections, which affected the party between William Deng and Agheri serious and was on its impact on the party split into two wings moderate wing led by William Deng, who called for a federal system between the north and south wing extremist led by Agheri serious which called for the secession of southern Sudan from the north was like two wings Sano Party delegation In Roundtable Conference

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نديم الباجه جي ودوره الاقتصادي والسياسي (1914 - 1976) == Nadim Al. Pachachi Economic And Political Role 1914 - 1976

Author name: نداء خضير مبارك الزيدي

Supervisor name: مؤيد شاكر كاظم مخيلف الطائي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

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Abstract: Occupies study historical figures a place prominent, so it has received considerable attention by researchers in the field of history, from the premise that a person is a historic event maker and understanding of the circumstances and the nature of his intellectual and principles which security by an order of the utmost importance in the understanding of historical events that contributed to the manufacture, This interest shows clearly in academic studies in Iraqi universities, due to the characteristic of the modern history of Iraq and the presence of a large number of characters, which resulted in different roles, according to the circumstances of the personal privacy of the length of time lived. It is these characters Nadim Pachachi, who is Onmozja was able to combine economic and political spheres to serve the country, especially that of economic minds that have contributed to the founding of the pillars of the Iraqi economy and have seen progress in the period after World War II until the end of the monarchy in Iraq in 1958. The objective of the study to know the social roots of Nadim Pachachi and to clarify the economic and political activity, and to answer the questions that inspire students and those interested in ideas on contemporary Iraq, such as knowledge of the nature of the role of Nadeem Pachachi in shaping Iraq's economic policy, and his efforts in holding economic agreements with Arab countries such as Syria and Lebanon , and foreign countries such as Italy, as well as to identify the nature of the reconstruction policy adopted in that era, and his role in the Iraqi parliament, and what are the main achievements of his ministry that emulated and what his philosophy in oil policy presented by the Arab countries in his capacity as adviser to oil them, including Libya and Kuwait and Abu Dhabi, and its role in the Secretariat of OPEC after traveling outside of Iraq following the July 14 Revolution in 1958. This study consisted of four chapters and a conclusion and a set of appendices, as well as provided material that illustrate the importance of the message and determine the most important contents. The first chapter titled (birth and upbringing administrative and economic activity until 1952) was devoted to the study of Nadim Pachachi ratios, and the circumstances of the arrival of his family to Iraq until stability in Mosul, and then travels to Baghdad, social, economic and political role, as well as birth and upbringing, study, and Pena the administrative and economic activity early, passing through several economic positions he holds, and its role in contract agreements with Arab and foreign countries then held equally by oil profits agreement with foreign companies on February 3 1952. The second chapter I studied it (his involvement in the Iraqi ministries and his mandate) Nadeem Pachachi has served as the Ministry of Economy in the ministries of Mustafa Omari (July 12, 1952 - November 1952 23) and the Ministry of Nur al - Din Mahmoud in (November 23, 1952 - January 29, 1953) and highlighted the achievements of his ministry in the oil and agriculture, industry and trade sector, as well as taking in the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of beautiful artillery seventh (7 May 1953 - 17 September 1953) and the most prominent achievements of his ministry Urban. He dedicated the third quarter which was included under the title of (his contribution to the Ministries of Nuri Said twelfth and thirteenth 3 August 1954 - 20 June 1957) to study the causes of Astaizharh the post of Minister of Economy and ministerial achievements marked by the development of industry, trade and oil, and find out the ways in which in his ministry to address the deteriorating economic conditions in the country. She studied in the fourth quarter (economic and political role June 20, 1957 - the end of July 1972) was devoted to know the helm of the Ministry of Economy and ages in the Ministry of the circumstances of Ali Jawdat Ayoubi (June 20, 1957 - December 14, 1957) and the achievements of his ministry, as well as finance minister in the ministries of Abdul Wahab Morgan and Ahmed Mukhtar Baban (15 December 1957 - 14 July 1958) and the achievements of his ministry, and then his experts and advisers oil to the governments of Arab countries, notably Kuwait, Libya and Abu Dhabi, and assuming the Secretariat of OPEC (1 December 1971 - January 1972) and the end of his activity and his death in 1976. Conclusion The study included the most important findings of the researcher scientific results in light of its contents, and I sought through supplements publishing important documents on the subject of the study.

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