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توطن الصناعات النسيجية الرئيسة بمحافظة نينوى : تحليل جغرافي == Localization Of Textile Industry In Ninevah Governorate ( Geographical Analysis)

Author name: احمد طلال خضر الطائي
Supervisor name: محمد ازهر سعيد السماك
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: يقصد بصناعة النسيج كل نشاط يؤدي الى تحويل الالياف والخيوط الى اي نوع من انواع النسيج المعروفة كالاقمشة والبطانيات والجواريب وغيرها.تتخللها عدة عمليات ابتداء من مرحلة تحضير الالياف ثم غزلها لتحويلها الى خيوط ثم مرحلة النسيج لكي تصبح منسوجات صالحة للاستخدا | This Reserch Aims To Study The Existing Situation of Textile Industries In The Governorate of Ninevah. This Industry Considers one of The Most Important Industries In The Governorate. Its Importance Comes From Provide The Clothes For Human.The reserch discussed the following sides : 1 - The Current Geographical Distribution for the Textile Industries in the Governorate of Ninevah.2 - The Factor Which Affected and affecting on This Distribution.3 - Distribution the probleme and Obstruction of the Textile Industries in the Governorate and presentation some solutions and suggestion to face all troubles and Obstructions then reduce it. the reserch depend on the practical study and the questionnaire from which took.about six months which depending on some data which available in the union of Industries and the directorate of the Industrial statstics department of ninevah the. study reached to the following result conclusion : 1 - the economic consideration ( raw materials and market ) playd big role in choosing the units location of this molustry to abtainless cost to transport the raw materials to the factories and transport the production to the market with less cost.2 - the study showed that the spatial concentration for the textile was in the right side from al - mosul city in ( al - sinaa al - kadima , al - eslah al - zeraee , al - agedat , al - mansur and wadee hajar ) and this concentration came in these regions for many factors such as the Governmental considrations and near from markets and the availability of workers and transeportation.

الصناعات الخشبية في مدينة كربلاء : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == The Wooden Industries In The City Of Kerbala

Author name: مشتاق طالب صالح
Supervisor name: محمد يوسف حاجم الهيتي | سلمى عبد الرزاق عبد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: ركزت الدراسة باهدافها ومنهجها المستخدم على دراسة الصناعات الخشبية بفروعها الثلاث (صناعة الموبيليات، صناعة الابواب واطاراتها، صناعة اطارات الصور) في مدينة كربلاء مستهدفه دراسة واقع هذه الصناعة ومعرفة طبيعة انتشارها الجغرافي واهم العوامل التي اسهمت في توزيع | Study focused its objectives and the approach used to study the three branches of timber industry (industry Mobillat industry, doors and frames, photo frames industry) in the city of Karbala targeted study of the reality of this industry and knowledge of the nature of geographical spread and the most important factors that contributed to the distribution and analysis of such factors, the study was that there was a problem Variation in the geographical distribution of the timber industry in the city of Karbala and the differences and differences in the nature of the human factors. The hypothesis of the study it was noted by the study that there are many spatial and economic factors have had a clear impact in the distribution of the timber industry, in terms of production and vulnerability factors (capital, the number of workers, the market..) The approach was to rely on descriptive and quantitative analysis to verify the questions and access to the results, has been the use of statistical packages (spss) through which were used (Pearson correlation coefficients to examine the relationship between independent variables and the statement of strength and direction of the relationship between them, to test the Innova (Anova) to demonstrate the moral link, multi - regression analysis and test out the impact of independent variables in the dependent variable and testing the entry of independent variables in the equation predictive), the study found was a group of the most important conclusions : Focus timber industry in the sectors of the Old City and Al - Jazeera, which affected several variables varied in strength and influence and their relationship to each other endemic in the industry, including (capital market, labor), where the results of statistical analysis showed that the capital alone explained the image of the spatial variation Of the value of production in the old city and the number of workers in both sectors and Alhaidariya island, wood industries suffer from several problems, including : the poor storage of starting material and some types of poor and drop the ongoing power cuts have been enhanced using the study (33) a, (14) map (7) graphics, (17) picture

تطور النقل البحري لموانئ العراق (1950 - 2000) : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Development Of Sea Transport In Iraq Ports (1950 - 2000)

Author name: علي حسين خميس حسن العنزي
Supervisor name: حميد غالب عجيل السكيني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims at investigation sea transport in Iraqi ports during the period of 1950 - 2000. Geography of sea transport has not been given enough attention by the researchers in spite of its high importance. Needless to say that such studies will give clear insights about the dynamics of sea cleat in sights about the dynamics f sea transport as one of the most important human and social activities. Sea transport and coordinating the roles of the other sectors such as preparing these sectors and making them more capable of benefiting and developing the societies so as to serve the national economy. To achieve the aims of this research and to provide the proper solution and to provide the proper solutions for the many problems of sea transport and ports in Iraq, the researcher divided the study into four chapters. Chapter one presents a historical review of Iraqi ports since the first civilizations in ancient Iraq. Its also mentions the struggle among the other ancient civilization to control Iraqi ports up to the modern time. The chapter two also draws a real picture of every Iraqi port today. Chapter two tackles the human and natural effects that limit the activity and the direction of the sea transport coming to the Iraqi ports. Chapter three studies the naval services in Iraqi ports by highlighting the activities and the capacities of production in the establishments like wharves, warehouses stores, cranes and other means of transport in these ports. Chapter four deals with the movement and the direction of sea transport. This includes preparing ships, cargo movement inside the ports in addition to shedding light on the roles of persons as means of transport. The chapter also analyzed the role of the Iraqi ports in Iraqi foreign trade. It also discusses the spatial relations among the Iraq ports concerning the direction of transport, the trade transaction on the wharves, predicting the future potentials of the amount transported and the geographical. Location selected for constructing new Iraqi ports. The most important conclusions of the study are : 1. The different human and natural factors affect the Iraqi ports either positively or negatively. 2. The geographical location of Iraq ports that can serve Iraqi foreign trade. 3. Iraqi ports offer good naval services. 4. Political and economic affect the activities in the country highly affect the activities in the Iraqi ports to the extent that they can completely stop them. 5. Sea transport is one of the main components of the infrastructure and it is a basic element of Iraqi national economy

الصناعات الغذائية الكبيرة فـــــي العــــراق : دراسة في الجغرافية الصناعية == The Big Manufactures For Food In Iraq

Author name: فارس مهدي محمد
Supervisor name: عبد العزيز محمد حبيب العبادي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyse the establishing factors of the big feeding manufacture in Iraq and study its geographical cantext with an explantion and suitable resolution to its problems.The subject is chosen because there is no previous , independent and defailed , study in our country inspile of the fat that it is of high importance to us.The study falls into four chapters. the first is about the importance and the imporvement of the big feeding manufacture. The second is about the essence and the factores of the monufacturing establishment. The third is about the big feeding manufacture’s situation and its geographical distribution throughont our country ( 22 sectors of the big feeding manufacture are involved in the study ). The fourth explainsd the problems and provides the suitable solution to them. The study helps the researcher to arrive of furdamental conclusions. The following are the most important ones : 1. The big feeding manufacture has the great importance in Iraqi for it provides the individuals with the needed and basic materials. Such as to grind the seeds , Sugar , vegetable oil , and package.2. The big feeding manufacture has the greatest importance in comparision with the middle and smal feeding manufacture. This is because it provides the great amount of money.3. The big feeding manufacture has the greafast asnd the most important place within the others. That is , the number of the big feeding manufacture’s factories has increased to reach ( 192 ) up within the year ( 2000 ). These factopries are distributed throughout the ( 15th ) governments , including ( 20540 ) workers.4. The number of the special secfor factories has became ( 178 ) within the year ( 2000 ) including (8507 ) workers. While the number of the socialist secfor factories has became ( 13 ) , incl;uding ( 9543 ) workers. Finally the , the number of the mixed secfor factories has became ( 5 ) , including ( 2492 ) workers. 5. Throughout the study’s appliction during the year ( 2001 ) , it appears that the number of both factories and workers within the two sectors of the socialits and the mixed , is just the same of that of the Ministry of Planning manifestation , whereas the number of the special sector factories has became ( 328 ) - , including ( 21308 ) workers.6. Factors of astablishing manufacture have affected the industrial places , such as row materials , the government’s , politics , the location and other factors which have the great importancve in specifying the right industrial locations.7. The biog feeding manufature is focused within ther governments of Baghdad , Deyala m Wassit , Alnajaf , Kahrbalah , Meessan. Their percertages are ( 0.26 ; 0.03 ; 0.007 ; 0.003 ; 0.01 ; 0.02 ) perspectively , whereas there is no such focus within the governments of Basrah , Ninevah , Thiquari Babylon , AlQuadisea , Altaameem. Alanbar , Almuthena and Salahaddeen. Their pecenfages are ( - 0.09 ; - 0.0006 ; - 0.02 ; - 0.08 ; - 0.05 ; - 0.01 ) perspectively.8. The study reveals that there are manufactures that have strategic importance in Iraq , such as industrial oils , industrial sugar. Besides , these industries are in need for more improivement to get work again.9. There are industries that have a special importance within each government. such industries are considered the most needed manufactures for both socity and individuals , such manufactures are to grind the seeds , making ice , ete. 10. There are monufactures that are not found except within the government of wassil ( making the mite squeeze ) , or * making alcohol , local gum and cigar ) within the government of Baghdad. 11. Inspile of the fact , the time , that is allotted to the measuring of the complex growth of the big feeding manufacture , was very little , this little time has a chieved a considerable complex growth for both factories and workers.The complex growth percentage was ( % - 17.76 during the year of ( 1995 ) and it becames ( % 4.38 ) during the year of ( 2000 ) as for as factories are concerned , whereas for workers the percentage was ( % - 2.96 ) and becomes ( % 1.82 ). The same is true for the addition values ; production values and the needed materials for production.12. Many factories are chased because there are no row materials. Such factories are those which concerned with the vegetable oils and sugar. 13. The big feeding manufactures are suffering many problem especially those that are related to the row mateerials and their scarce , beside forcign compefition ; cutting electricity ; not many cool vehicles , ete.]]]

العلاقة المكانية بين النقل والصناعات التحويلية في محافظة صلاح الدين == Place Relationship Between Transportation And Transformational Industries In Salah Al - Din

Author name: شبيب احمد علي العزاوي
Supervisor name: محمد يوسف حاجم الهيتي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تعد دراسة العلاقة المكانية بين النقل والصناعات التحويلية من الاتجاهات الاكاديمية الهامة في مجال الجغرافية الاقتصادية في ضوء الاسلوب الوصفي والكمي الدقيق المستخدم للوصول الى العلاقة بين المتغيرات ووضع الحلول والمقترحات للمشكلات التي تعترضها، يضاف الى ذلك ا | Studying place relationship between transportation and transformational industries in Salah Al - Din from the academic important direction in the field of geography through using descriptive style and quantity to reach to the relationship between changeable then putting solutions and suggestion for the problems that confront it , adding to that using field style in studying medium and big industrial institutions in the geographical area in Salah Al - Din. Finding the relationship between land ways net and distributing the industrial institutions is the scientific aim which the study search for it in addition to the relationship between changeable of the study that connected with the area and the cost of transportation and workers and capital and the productive power in the governorate , while the research supposition came because there is mutual relationship between the capacity of land transport net and the transformational industrial institutions in Salah Al - Din research stages had passed to many steps like the stage of gathering in formation and data through office resources and filed visits which contain personal interview with relation in transportation and industry , them stage of handling these information and data through representing in schedules and forms and distribution maps. The research had organized through dividing it into five chapter as aim to achieve positive acceptable handling the problem, every chapter divided in to many topics one complete the other to answer research problem and it's method which the study introduction include it. The first chapter handled natural and human geographical properties which the study area distinguish by it and it's positive and negative effects on the sector of Industry and transportation. While the second chapter handled the types of land transportation road net in the governhorate of Salah al - Din and it's development since ( 1956 - 2003) center of types of ways of transportation where the main and sub and rural paved land ways in addition to the dust ways, also railway and it's development and effect in the transportation services , and transportation oil pipes and it's length and role in the industrial development. While the third chapter handled the development of industry in Salah Al - Din for the period ( 19580 2003) and clearing the structure of the industrial institutions and it's sizes in the governorate where the institutions were divided in to three sectors and they are the sector of food industry and the sector of chemical and petrochemical industry and construction industry and they are the well known sectors in the governorate in a clear way. While the fourth chapter included place distribution in the transformational industries in Salah al - Din and according to the three industrial sectors and it was clear through the distribution that there are districts centralize in it many industries like Samaraa and Balad while there are poor industrial districts like Dujil and Shirqat. While the fifth chapter the essence of the study handled the place difference for transport costs whether in area material or industrial products or in transforming power resources with clarifying the effect of costs in distributing industrial institutions and sign it. And through the study it had been clear that land roads have big effect in building industrial institutions in Salah Al - Din because the existence of main and sub roads following it appearance of the industrial institutions and most of the industrial institutions it's establishment came after constructing land roads. It had been notice that there are a big difference in the costs of transforming the main raw materials and in marketing the production and according to the location of the raw material and consuming centers in addition to the quality of transportation means whether in cars or trains or pipes of oil transforming. Through that the answer was clear about the main problem in the research that there are mutual relationship between transportation roads and the industrial institution in the governorate and there is an economical relationship between changeable which moved in it production elements. The study had reach to many recommendations like the necessity of care in transportation road net and developing it and supplying modern trucks and developed railways with supplying modern trains, and construct new ways for land roads and increasing bricks and cement factories in the governorate, the study had based to schedules and forms and maps which came to certify the adjective of supporting to clear the vision to the reader

الخصائص السكانية لقضاء المقدادية للمدة (1977م - 1997م)

Author name: شروق عبد الاله حسين الدليمي
Supervisor name: حسن محمد حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: يعد قضاء المقدادية من الاقضية التابعة لمحافظة ديالى، ويقع على يسار نهر ديالى على بعد 35كم من مركز قضاء بعقوبة، يحدها من الشمال قضاء خانقين ومن الجنوب قضاء بعقوبة ومن الشرق قضاء بلدروز ومن الغرب قضاء الخالص. يضم التشكيل الاداري للقضاء كل من ( مركز القضاء

القوى العاملة الزراعية في محافظة ديالى : دراسة في جغرافية السكان == Agrarian Manpower In Dayala Province : 1977 - 1997

Author name: وسن شهاب احمد العبيدي
Supervisor name: حسن محمد حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى تناول موضوع القوى العاملة الزراعية في محافظة ديالى خلال المدة ( 1977 - 1997 )، والتي تندرج تحت ظل الدراسات السكانية الجغرافية البشرية، وقد انتظمت الدراسة في خمسة فصول.الفصل الاول تناول الاطار النظري للبحث حيث بحث فيه مشكلة البحث وفرضيا | The study deals with agraian manpower in the province of Dayala, for the period 1977 - 1997, in the field of Geography of Population. Five chapters contain the whole work. The first chapter presents the theoretical frame of the study, namely; the research problem, the tested hypothesis, descriptive presentation of the study area, and assessing the related studies. The second chapter gives details about the used concepts, the development of agrarian manpower, its characteristics, and structure. The distribution of agrarian manpower over the land of the province was delineated in the third chapter, compared and judged against the distribution of other kinds of manpower. Physical factors that affect the distribution of agrarian manpower in the study area were dealt with in the fourth chapter. These factors were regarded as the responsible for the distinguished patterns. The fifth chapter emphasizes on human development in the province. The development indicators were looked at in close, especially education and sanitary conditions and there impact on the development of agrarian manpower. The rule of road network dose not ignored in this chapter.The study comes to a conclusion that : - 1 - Agrarian manpower in the study area was negatively grown during the period (1977 - 1987) (1.7 - ), then divert to the positive growth during the nineties (9.31).2 - The sex ratio indicates the surplus, and the increase, of the number of males compared with the number of females in the agrarian manpower throughout the study period (68.7%, 83.2%, and 84.7%).3 - Dramatic changes in the participation of different age groups in the agrarian manpower were took place. Such changes were highlighted in ratio from.4 - Agrarian manpower mirrored the political, economic, and social milieus.

التحليل المكاني لمرائب النقل في محافظة ديالى : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Spatial Analysis Of Transportation Garages In Diyala Province

Author name: وسام متعب محمد ياسين الباوي
Supervisor name: خضير عباس خزعل التميمي | سامي عزيز عباس العتبي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: ان موضوع الدراسة حول مراب النقل في محافظة ديالى على انها تمثل محطات بدا الرحلة ونهايتها متمثلة لحركة وسائط النقل الداخلي والخارجي اي النقل داخل كل قضاء من اقضية المحافظة والنقل خارج مركز القضاء وربطها مع الاقضية والنواحي المجاورة مع مركز المحافظة وكذلك رب | The subject matter of this study is about the transportation garages in Diyala province because they represent the beginning stations of the journey and the ending point , the movement of transportation means inside or outside of the district and linking the district with other districts and provinces especially with the capital Baghdad and the neighboring provinces like Kirkuk. Since this subject is lengthy and wide, thus, this thesis is limited to the main garages in each district because it is one of the active elements in the transportation web and this study is a detailed one about the place, total area of the lines working on the garages and the problems they are facing and making suggestion for possible future remedies to avoid the current mistakes.The study depended on different and various references : field study, statistical study which is represented by applying ((Waiting Lines Theory)) to the garages and the scientific references like Master and Ph.D. thesis, Arabic and foreign books, scientific magazines beside the published and unpublished reports and since the subject of the study is new therefore the researcher made a wide and a comprehensive field study for about three months from 1/1/2002 till 30/12/2002.The study contains four chapters : the first contains the transportation concepts while the second is about the geographic factors affecting operating the car road web in the province which represented by analyzing the natural factors (geographical area, elevations and surface contains, weather, water supplies) while the human factors are (people and their distribution and growth, the use of land). While the third chapter handles analyzing the structures of the garages in the province and the location of the garage and its uses. On the other hand, the fourth chapter tackles applying the ((Waiting Lines Theory))to the garages beside the conclusions and the recommendations

انشاء قاعدة معلومات مكانية لاغراض التخطيط وتقويم خدمتي الصحة والتعليم في مدينة المقدادية

Author name: اسراء هيثم احمد صالح العبيدي
Supervisor name: مضر خليل العمر | صلاح عبد الحميد صالح
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

واقع ومستقبل خدمتي الماء الصافي والمجاري في مدينة بعقوبة : دراسة في جغرافية الخدمات

Author name: سعيد فاضل احمد
Supervisor name: محمد يوسف حاجم الهيتي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

مشكلة الملوحة واثرها في التباين المكاني للانتاج الزراعي في قضاء بلـــــد == The Problem Of The Salinty And Its Impact On The Spatial Variation Of Agricultural Production In The District Of Balad

Author name: ياسين عبد النبي حمادة محمود الدليمي
Supervisor name: ظافر ابراهيم طه ياسين العزاوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تعد مشكلة الملوحة من اهم المشاكل البيئية المعاصرة التي باتت تهدد الانتاج الزراعي والانسان وتحد من نشاطاته وتطورها في الوقت الحاضر والمستقبل مما يتطلب الحد من تاثيراتها للحفاظ على مفردات البيئة، ونظرا لان هذه المشكلة اصبحت لا تقف حدودها على منطقة معينة او | The problem of saltiness is the most important problems in the contemporary environment which threatens the human beings and reduce their activity and its development now and in the future so we have to reduce its effects to protect our environment. Since this problem is not found only in this place or this country and its effect begins to appear generally in our country and specially in the area of the study , We choose this subject to the causes of this problem in the are of the study now and in the future. The climate in the area of this study is dry and semidry which is accompanied with different properties of soil and water and many problems which lead to the decrease of agricultural production and agricultural lands. In addition the use of different ways in irrigation, the bad quality of the systems of drainage canals and wide areas of agricultural lands are left as a waste land and not exploited. As a result there is increase in the salty lands and the expansion in the summer agriculture. All these elements help to expand and differ the appearances of saltiness in the area of the study. We depend on the statistics and the available information's and also we use maps and space photos to reach the Remote sensing for the salty areas and its geographical contribution. We put the successful solutions to reduce the effects of this problem depending on the international and Iraqi experiences which have been applicated to cure this problem and stop its effects on the environment now and in the future

جيومورفولوجيا مصب رافد الزاب الصغير - نهر دجلة == Geomorphology Of Eusteral Of The Lower Zab, Tigris River

Author name: سهيلة نجم عبد الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: فؤاد عبد الوهاب محمد العمري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الرسالة ( جيومورفولوجية مصب رافد الزاب الصغير - نهر دجلة ) الواقعة بين دائرتي عرض ( 01، 21، 35، 29، 06، 35 ) شمالا، وبين خطي طول ( 35، 32، 43 ـ 14، 22، 43 ) شرقا، الى الكشف عن العوامل المؤثرة في تشكيل مصب النهر من جهة وتوضيح علاقة الارتبا | The thesis, Geomorphology of Eusteral of the Lower Zab, Tigris River, which lies between the latitude (35, 06, 29 - 35, 21 , 01) North and longitude (43, 22, 14 - 43, 32, 35,) East, aims at discovering the factors effecting the river eustoral from one side and clarifying the connection relation between the terrain units and their reflections on the distribution of settlements and the land use. It made use of methodology adapted by (ITC) Institute in analyzing the effective environmental components in this formation, using remote sensing techniques and GIS to design the related maps. It used satellite data Land Sat - 1Mss (1973) - Land Sat - 7 ETM (2000), accompanied with processes of registration and enhancement to clarify and facilitate its supervised classification. It also used radar data received in 2000 though which relief (elevation and slopes) construct the 3D (DEM) and show the effect of the structure factor in its formation. The study also studies the morphological characteristics of channel river patterns and found the relationship with its forming factors, (structural, climate and hydrological factors) The study contains four basic chapters; • Chapter One : deals with methodology of the study and its theoretical frame.• Chapter Two : concentrates on the constructing factors of the environment of the eustoral.• Chapter Three : consists of an analysis for the morphotectonic and relief and analyzing the river channel.• Chapter Four : concentrates on the land classification of the eustoral. And contained the terrain units and patterns of land use and also suitability and land capability.The conclusions of this study are : • It becomes clear that the area was affected by the Geographical Alpine movement accompanied with structural deformities that affected the shape properties of the Lower Zab. • The Quarterly Age Climate plays a significant effect in the changes occurred in the hydrological properties and their effect in the shape properties and terrain units.• The study shows that the Lower Zab is undergoing processes of dividing and islanding which means the dominance of braided patterns and the muchness of minor channels and their incessantly in the drought years as the isles with irregular form are the dominating property in their existence.• The existence of the small river bends with the muchness of the deep and shallow positions in the river waterway due to mix loads. • In the Lower Zab waterway dominates three types of floods; normal, exceptional and overwhelming floods. The first is the most occurring because of man’s control of this river through constructing dams and reservoirs (Dokan and Dibs Dams).

الموازنة المائية المناخية في محافظة ديالى == Climant Water Balance In Diyala Governorate

Author name: نزار رزوقي وهيب الزيدي
Supervisor name: فليح حسن كاظم الاموي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: This study focuses on giving a clear picture of the reality of climate water balance in Diyala province through the relationship between the rainfall and evapotranspiration on the other hand.This thesis came four chapters , the first chapter which include the theoretical framework and a brief review of the most important of the previous studies that are relevant to the subject of study.The second chapter included the study of impact (astronomical location , geographical location , topography , albedo , vegetation ) on the climate of the study area and the study concluded in this chapter that these controls are heavily influenced by all elements of the climate of the study area.While the third chapter included guarantees the study of the impact of climatic elements ( solar radiation , temperature , relative humidity, rainfall, evaporation , wind , dust storms ) on the climatic water balance , as the study found in this chapter that all these elements affect , directly or indirectly values that water balance.While Chapter fourth included calculated values of each of the evaporation / transpiration and water balance climate of the study area , which has been a set of equations by which to found those values , namely, ( equation Ivanov , equation Khosla , equation Thornthwait , equation Cottajn , equation Billy - Chridl , equation Najib Khrovh ) was applied equations of their area of study and two ( equation Ivanov , and the equation of Khosla ) shows the application of both equations on the study area to found the values of the evaporation / transpiration inherent to the study area suffers from a significant rise in the values of evaporation as the annual average of those values according to Ivanov equation (3077,6 , 2627) mm , respectively, for the stations (Khanaqin , Al khalias). either in the equation Khosla , reaching values (1368,2 ,1278,2) mm , respectively, for the same stations.Either in calculating the values of climatic water balance equations for both equations negative results except in the month of January has recorded station Khanaqin positive result amounted to (10,2) in the equation of Ivanov , and (11,1) in the equation o Khosla

الوظيفة التجارية لمدينة بعقوبة ومجالات تاثيرها التجاري في محافظة ديالى == The Commercial Funtion Of Baquba City And Its Commercial Influence Spheres In Diyala Province

Author name: سعيد فاضل احمد
Supervisor name: محمد يوسف حاجم الهيتي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: This represents thesis independent study first job commercial city of Baquba.. and study followed the style " geographically " economically "to determine the extent of the central business district of central for residents of the city, and areas of influence commercial city of Baquba, in the territory of the administrative Diyala province , on the basis of administrative units , as well as studied the composition of trade of the city.The study rated " procedural " section of the business disciplines singular shops to ten commodity groups , three groups of commercial service and has the effect of spatial areas of study for each commodity group or service.The study was based on field work to obtain the data necessary , through four forms included the families of the city and county , traders and owners of commercial services organizations , and the aim was to follow two methods to obtain the data , namely : - 1 - Question families in the city and the province.2 - Q merchants in the city of Baquba.And followed the style " integral " to employ the results of questionnaires for the purpose of identifying and mapping the areas of influence of the spatial city of Baquba, in Diyala province.The study reflects the results of the quantity of these relationships , and adopted their own standards to determine the region for widespread heavy for the weak and adopted the method of isolines (ISO LINES) Alcartokrava representation in the areas of commercial impact , for groups of goods and services in the province of Diyala.The study included (40) and table (39) and MAP (27) and graphic form (12) and image (13) accessory.These study data that emerged from the study of the field and installed in their schedules and its Annexes , as well as the findings of , form the basis of important information and data for the purpose of planning for the commercial and economic activity for the city of Baquba and the administrative territory of Diyala province.

مشروع نهر العز : دراسة في جغرافية الموارد المائية == Al : Ezz Project River : A Study In Geography Of Water Resources

Author name: حسن خليل حسن المحمود
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

مركزية موقع البصرة وهامشيته في صيرورة التاريخ : دراسة في الجغرافية التاريخية == Centralitv Of Basrah Location And Its Maruinalitv In Historv Process A Study Of Historical Geography

Author name: عبد الرحمن علي عبد الرحمن الجادر
Supervisor name: ماهر يعقوب موسى
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Basrah loc.ation has moved from one site to another. The movement of this location directed the course of the historical events because viewing the geographical location from different corners reveal various results which add to its dynamics. The flexibility of location helped in clarifying the geographical location and Its activity is one of the important factors in formulating the qualities and the morphology of the region and its effect on the human life and activities. These qualities and morphology emerges as results of its relations with the other geographical locations.The value of the geographical location may completely changes either towards improving or deteriorating which, in tum , means a maximum benefit or a maximum harm by the people.To achieve its aim, the study is divided into three chapters. The chapters are as follows : Chapter One tackles the concept of historical geography and it studies the geographical qualities of the city. The chapter concentrates on the location of Basrah and some of its natural qualities. Chapter Two deals with the historical events and their relation to the place in addition to the location response. Of the topics studied in this chapter aresequencing the historical events in the place and the way location of Basrah responded to the challenges of exploiting the historical events by the place throughout its history.Chapter Three discusses the spatial relations of the city of Basrah by studying the nature of these relations throughout the history of the city in addition to studying distribution of other centers that have spatial relations with the city of Basrah.

مدينة الفاو تطويرها الوظيفي وعلاقاتها الاقليمية == Fao City Its Functional Development A : Qd Regional Relatiollships

Author name: محمد عنون مويش عبد الله السوداني
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين جواد السريح
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aims to analyze the functional structure of Fao City in order to evaluate its functional efficiency as an appropriate environement for its people.Fao City is different from other cities of Iraq, as it had developed in usual! conditions up to 1980, and was suddenly occupied and destroyed during eight years ending in 1988. In 1989, a new planned city of Fao was built by great efforts of thestate, which achieved most of their goals in only 123 days. The study is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the general geographical characteristics in two parts, firstly, the physical features of site and situation which includegeological structures, to pography, climate, water resources, and soils. Secondary, popullation characteristics of the city and its and its region, inculding population growth, and sex, age, and economic structures of population.The second chapter examines the old city of Fao in two parts, the first one deals with the historical development of the city, and the second with its functional structure, which consists of the commercial, industrial, residential and service functions,as well as the regional relationships of the city. The new city of Fao is discussed in chapter three, to study the master plan, functional structures, and regional relationships of the city, and evaluating its functional efficiency.The last part of the study is devoted to the conclusion and proposals to develope the city and its region.Finally, it can be said that the present study may contribute to the urban and rural planning for Fao City and the region.

توجهات تركيا نحو اقطار الخليج العربي : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية

Author name: عبد الزهرة شلش زامل علوان العتابي
Supervisor name: نصيف جاسم المطلبي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The geographical situation of Turkey and the Arab Gulf countries gives them a geographic - strategic importance that they attract the attention of the big forces of the world. Turkey is the ring that links Europe to Asia or the west to the East. The Arab countries have a. very vital position in the world. They extend to the r\rab Sea and the Indian Ocean. Moreover, this spot has the biggest reservior of oil and a huge abundance of capital.The study begins with a suppossition that bas the form of a question which is answered throughout the research. The question is : Do the Geof,rraphic factors have effects on the nature of Turkish appeals towards the Arab Gulf countries?The research uses the analytical and morphological methods, the historical incidents, the geogrr ~ckles the natureal components like the geographic. astronomical, continental and marine situation of Turkey and the six Arab Gulf countries (Sandia Arabia, United Arab Amarates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, m;, · ~ - T ' chapter studies also the surface of land, Geo1o,rraphica : f;[on'n.ate and water : resources of both regions. The second chapter deals wi~f;!.. •• components like the population, economy

سكان دول الساحل الغربي للخليج العربي : دراسة جغرافية ديموغرافية مقارنة == Population Of The West Coast States Of The Arabian Gulf A Geographical, Demographical Comparative Study

Author name: باسم عبد العزيز عمر العثمان
Supervisor name: رياض ابراهيم السعدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تجارة العراق الخارجية غير النفطية للفترة 1975 - 1985 : دراسة في جغرافية التجارة

Author name: كاظم عبادي حمادي الجاسم
Supervisor name: سرى محمود المدرس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تاثير التلوث الصناعي في التوزيع الجغرافي لامراض الحساسية والربو في محافظة البصرة

Author name: عبد الرحمن جري مردان الحويدر
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

الخدمات التجارية في مدينة الحلة == The University Of Basrah College Of Arts Department Of Geography

Author name: فؤاد عبد الله محمد
Supervisor name: مضر خليل العمر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Considerable interest was, and still is, given to the city by scholars of various sciences in general, and by geographers in particular, because of the great significance it has on people's life, evidenced in the functions and services it offers.In spite of the small space the commercial services occupy from the total area of the city, these services are deemed as one of the major pillars of the city. Also, the traditional function tbat is inherent in the primary evolution of large number of cities, besides seeking to meet the needs of people for commodities and services, particularly those used in final consumption, represents an important sophisticated aspect and economic support of the city. Being so, it would be natural for Hilla city to attract the attention of the scholars of geography due to its significance and particularity in this field that made it occupy and represent the centre of Middle Furat region.This Thesis is divided into Five Chapters : The first chapter discusses the historic background through three topics. The first topic deals with the location and its significance in giving the city special importance influencing its functional structure and thenature of the relations existing between it and the other places. The second issue tackles the historic evolution of the city in which light is shed on the historic stages through which the city of Hilla has passed and the tasks it fulfilled as a city of vital location. The third aspect looked into the historic development of the commercial function in the city across time stages and roles and discussed some factors that had a major contribution in the development of the commercial function. The second chapter dealt with the commercial services in the city, which formed an introduction to the subject of the thesis. In this chapter tradesmen were classified in the city, as well as classifying the wholesale trade to local and central categories. It also iscussed the fiscal services in the city and their influence on the maintenance of the commercial activity in particular, as well as studying the complementary services of commercial nature and their influence on maintaining the economic activity movement, in general, and the commercial activity, in particular.The third chapter dealt with tte usages of the C.B.D, in the city of Hilla through various topics. These topics included the definition of the central commercial area in accordance with known standards; the study of the commercial structure of the city; the emonstration of the hierarchical succession of marketing centres therein, whereafter the role and significance of each centre is illustrated in fulfilling the needs of the people; the of the city in which light is shed on the historic stages through which the city of Hilla has passed and the tasks it fulfilled as a city of vital location. The third aspect looked into the historic development of the commercial function in the city across time stages and roles and discussed some factors that had a major contribution in the development of the commercial function. The second chapter dealt with the commercial services in the city, which formed an introduction to the subject of the thesis. In this chapter tradesmen were classified in the city, as well as classifying the wholesale trade to local and central categories. It also discussed the fiscal services in the city and their influence on the maintenance of the commercial activity in particular, as well as studying the complementary services of commercial nature and their influence on maintaining the economic activity movement, in general, and the commercial activity, in particular. The third chapter dealt with tte usages of the C.B.D, in the city of Hilla through various topics. These topics included the definition of the central commercial area in accordance with known standards; the study of the commercial structure of the city; the demonstration of the hierarchical succession of marketing centres therein, whereafter the role and significance of each centre is illustrated in fulfilling the needs of the people; the study of the commercial usage in the basic designs of the city of Hilla and the comparison of such usage with the marketing facilities in a number of foreign (European) cities in order to realize the planning situation in Iraq and thereafter to bring about such facilities or marketing centres.Chapter four dealt with the geographical distribution patterns for four commercial categories. In this chapter grocery, ready made clothes, textiles and jewellery shops were chosen. By using quantitive techniques, distribution patterns for each category were arrived at, through which the significance of each category on the city life can be demonstrated and the places of their existence in accordance therewith. The chapter also compared a number of these categories with their counterparts in foreign cities, as well as intercomparing these categories with each other, so that the significance of individual category on the life of the city and people can be determined.The last chapter was dedioated to the method of shopping in the city. Quantitive techniques were used and the city was devided into statistical areas for the purpose of identifying the potentials of the shopping behaviour; to demonstrate the role and significance of each marketing centre in attracting people from the various parts of the city; to show the influence of a great number of variables and factors on the acquirement, by the city's dwellers, of a specific trend in shopping, whether from its main marketing centre or from its secondary marketing places. This work aims at reaching to a number of targets, These being : 1. To define the central commercial district of the city and the area of the commercial core therein in the light of a number of standards used in the urbanite studies such as the value of the land and the rates of rent.2. To reveal the state of things in the city, especially of its main commercial centre, and to follow up the movement of the commercial habilitation within the central commercial area and in the other sectors of the city.J. To dectate the shopping behaviour in the study area •

واقع التركيب التعليمي في محافظة النجف الاشرف للمدة 1997 - 2013 واتجاهاته المستقبلية == The Educational Structure Reality In The Governorate Of Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf For 1997 - 2013 And Its Future Tendencies

Author name: هيلين محمد عبد الحسين البديري
Supervisor name: حسين جعاز ناصر الفتلاوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تبحث هذه الدراسة في واحدة من اهم خصائص السكان وهي الحالة التعليمية , وتاتي اهميتها من كونها احدى المؤشرات الرئيسية لمدى وعي المجتمع ونضوجه الفكري , ومدى ادراكه لاهمية التعليم , وقد تناولت الدراسة التطور الكمي والنوعي للتربية والتعليم وتوزيعه الجغرافي ومو | This study tackles one of the main characteristics of population in Al - Najaf governorate which is the educational state. Its importance lies in being one of the main indications of the awareness of the society and its intellectual maturity and understanding the importance of education. This study tackled the qualitative and quantitative development of education and its geographic distribution. lt started from literacy and ended with the higher education and the variables affecting the educational structure. lt adopted the factor statistical analysis within spss program and the field and planning methods through auditing, observation and collecting data and analyzing them. The main resselts that the study reached are : - An increase in the number of the students within a short period as a result of an increase in the number of teachers and a lack in the number of school buildings and the financial resources. - Through the field study for 2013, it has been revealed that the percentage of the students enrolling in the study was %63 for both males and females and those who did not constitute %37, but that does not that they are literates because the percentage of literacy was %27.9. therefore, the rest %9.1refers to the rest of the population who are under five years as well as those who completed high schools and those who graduated from colleges. - It has been revealed through the field study that the percentage of the students in schools increases according to the region; in the rural area it reached %23 and in the urban areas it reached %77 of the population. - The percentage of literacy in 1997 in the study area reached %24.3 then it decreased a year after the other until it reached %27.9 according to the study results for 2013 of the population aging 15 and more for both sexes. The least percentage of the urban areas reached %20.7 and the highest literacy percentage in the rural areas was %42.3. - Four variables were determined that affect the educational structure of the population in the study area within SPSS program. Together, these variables explained %84 of the total variation that were used in the program, of these variables is fertility, female education, family income and work opportunities according to the results of the field study for 2013.The main recommendations that were listed in the study were : - The necessity for making the elementary, intermediate and also kinder garten education to be obligatory to decrease the difference between the children who enroll in the pre - school education and those who do not. - The difference in the percentage of the enrolment of males and females of the ages within the adopted educational level should be decreased. - Increasing the attention to the needs of the school buildings in the districts of the study area which will lead eventually to separate the schools with double shifts.

التركيب التعليمي في العراق : دراسة في جغرافية السكان == Educational Structure In Iraq A Study In Population Geography

Author name: لمياء احمد محسن مخلف
Supervisor name: عباس فاضل السعدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على التركيب التعليمي العمري والنوعي والتوزيع البيئي واهم المتغيرات المؤثرة في التركيب التعليمي لسكان العراق والبحث عن عوامل تباين هذه التركيب فيما بين الوحدات الادارية للعراق والعلاقات المكانية التي تفسر هذا التباين وتوضيح هذه

الكفاءة والوظيفية لمدينة العمارة == The Functional Efficiency Of Amara City

Author name: قاسم مهاوي خلاوي ناصح الزهيري
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين جواد السريح
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the functional efficiency of Amara city, to derennine the degree of efficiency of the functions performed by the city to its population according to the local and international criteria. The emphasis will be placed on the four main and vital functions, residential, commercial, social services, health, and education.The study area includes the build - up area of Amara by which is the primate city of its functional region, so Misan govemorate. The field - work is the main area to obtain data required by the study. A detailed questionaire was the most important procedure of that field - work, covering a sample of SoAI of the total population in the city, as well as interviewing many persons working in puplic and private establishments and other local people.The study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the general geographical characteristics, including physical ones of city site and situation, physical development, and population growth and structures.The second chapter studies the rendential function, including its development, classification of residential units, residential density, and the characteristics of residential structure.The third chapter is devoted to study the commercial function, including its development, commercial structure and the regional role of the function.The social services are considered inn chapter four, particulary education and health, including service development, thier geographical distribution, and the distribution of the persons working in the service establishment.Chapter five includes the study of the evalution efficiency of the previously mentioned functions.The study finally temllnates with a detailed conclusion followed proposals to develop the functional efficiency of Amara city.

الصراع الصومالي الاثيوبي حول منطقة الاوجادين : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية

Author name: باسم نايف داود السعدي
Supervisor name: عبد الحميد عبد المجيد القيسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

اثر المناخ في زراعة ونمو وانتاجية محصولي فستق الحقل وزهرة الشمس في محافظة ديالى == The Effect Of Climate At The Agriculture And Growth And Productivity Of Two Crops, (Pistachio Field And Sunflower) In Diyala Governorate

Author name: فليح حسن محمد ضاحي
Supervisor name: فليح حسن كاظم الاموي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/DHAMYA1/AT2015/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AD%20%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86.pdf
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تعد محافظة ديالى واحدة من المحافظات المهمة في زراعة وانتاجية محصولي فستق الحقل وزهرة الشمس ولقد اثبتت النتائج ان اكثر من (50%) من انتاج محصول فستق الحقل في العراق هو في منطقة الدراسة، وتتمركز زراعته في قضاء خانقين، وخاصة في ناحية جلولاء منطقة ( شيخ بابا ) | The Governorate of Diyala, one of the Governorates important in the cultivation and productivity of crops pistachio field , sunflower and has proven results that more than 50% of crop production Pistachio field in Iraq is in the study area , and stationed grown in Khanaqin , especially in Jalawla area ( Sheikh Baba) in order to provide the soil is light and data climatic and water as well as the hands of the workforce have extensive experience in this field , and the yield of sunflower Wesera almost in most sections of the study area and these crops have economic resource, a large , where entering in the edible oil industry , as well as the manufacture of soap and paint.And their importance to choose researcher this subject, ( the impact of climate on agriculture and the growth and yield of crops pistachio field and sunflower in Diyala Governorate ) and included research on the four chapters , the first chapter and section on two themes , First research titled theoretical framework , while the second section came entitled climatic characteristics of the study area , and the second quarter included a natural ingredient of the study area , and the third chapter section on two sections , Section I includes the climatic requirements of the crop pistachio field and sunflower in the study area , and came second section titled requirements and water balance , while the fourth chapter Vachtml on the use of the experimental method in determining the relationship the link between climatic elements on the one hand and between the productivity of crops pistachio , sunflower field in Diyala Governorate , and the results came as follows : 1 - Pistachio field : A - appeared strong positive correlation between productivity pistachio crop field on the one hand and between ( the rate the brightness of the sun, relative humidity, wind speed rate ) on the other.B - the emergence of a weak correlation between productivity Pistachio field on the one hand and between the ( accumulated temperature , total rainfall , total evaporation ) on the other.2 - sunflowerA - appeared strong positive correlation between the sunflower crop productivity on the one hand and between the ( accumulated temperature , rate the brightness of the sun) on the other hand , either ( evaporation rate) has emerged correlation is negative.B - the emergence of a weak correlation between the sunflower crop productivity on the one hand and between (total rainfall , relative humidity, wind speed ) on the other

المتساقطات الجوية في محافظة ديالى واثارها البيئية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Precipitation Weather In Diyala Province And Raised Environmental Using GIS

Author name: عقيل عبد الستار سعيد الزبيدي
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: The goal of this research is to know the temporal and spatial variability and qualitative air pollutants falling over the Diyala province of (2012 - 2013) through a number of monitoring sites distributed in all administrative units, consisting of the study area.Has been the study of natural and human factors to know the extent of their impact in the research problem , study has found that contrast temporal and spatial and qualitative Mtsaqtat air over the Diyala province, due to natural causes and of the location of the province adjacent to a number of provinces in the arrival of a lot of precipitation and the fumes from those provinces by the wind as well as the quality of the surface the temperature change and variation of wind speed and erratic rainfall and reverse in a specific period and the lack of surface water , and there are reasons for mankind , represented by industry and transport and the increase in population , which resulted in increased human activities that they practice and increase the amount of waste they come up factors also contribute to increased precipitation flights.It was the study of the contrast temporal and spatial and qualitative dust falling over the Diyala province in 2012 - 2013 by collecting samples of dust falling from the monitoring sites for the entire year where I got great hand on the first place during the school year as it was ( 729.1 g / m 2 / year) , and analysis dust falling on the monitoring sites throughout the seasons of the year for each chapter three months of winter , spring , summer and autumn , and then measure the heavy elements adherent to the minute dust by analyzed by special equipment for this purpose to know the concentrations of heavy elements mixed with minute dust classes year study showed the highest concentration of elemental iron ( 20501 mg / kg ) scored at the site of Khanaqin , the highest of the permissible limits. And find out the extent of the impact of this precipitation air on humans , plants and animals

دور الاطراف الفاعلة في التنمية المستدامة واثرها على الزراعة في محافظة ديالى

Author name: اسراء عبد الرحمن العبيدي
Supervisor name: عبد الله حسون محمد | مهدي صالح دواي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/DHAMYA1/GOGRAPHY/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%86.pdf
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة بالكشف عن دور الاطراف الفاعلة في التنمية الزراعية المستدامة في محافظة ديالى وبيان العوامل الطبيعية والبشرية التي رسمت صورة هذا التوزيع مع ابراز المشاكل والمعوقات التي تحدد من التنمية الزراعية المستدامة، ومحاولة معالجتها للوصول الى تنم | The problem of study area represented by exploring about the role of the active parts for sustainable agricultural development of Diyala government and declaration the physical and human factors which had figure this distribution with displaying the problems and obstruction which limits the agricultural development and trying to handle it to reaching for an sustainable agricultural development. For purpose to know the impacts of the active parts this study containing explore about the changing due to the agricultural production which consider the base year is 2002 and the comparative year is 2012 depending on this approach of area unit for achieving the aim of exploring about type, the size of changing for any pattern from Patterns of agricultural land use Whether with production or by area, The study found that there are slight positive change in the study area in terms of area and production in most of the districts of the study area for the specific duration, Varying proportions of its users to another where different geographical factors contributed. In order to shed light on this study, the researcher has worked to divide this study into four chapters, the first chapter included the theoretical framework of the research problem, hypothesis, purpose of the study, study area margins, its geographical location, its justifications, conceptual framework, as well as a surveying of relevant previous studies indicating that the structural and conditions of the research. While second part containing Geographical properties which affects upon sustainable agricultural development it comprises two subjects : First specialized with physical properties represented by Geological structure, Topographical features, Climate elements, Soil, Water resources whereas second contained human properties represented with population ,machinery, transportation and marketing , capital, agricultural credit ,fertilizing and agricultural course ,agricultural pests and Diseases ,irrigation and drainage system, all of these due to the developing of agricultural production with two types plant and animal. Through the third part, which included the last three subjects first illustrates the spatial variation of agricultural production in the study area by the geographical distribution of tracts and the production of agricultural crops, while the second studying the developing of potential output in the study area, including the treatment of the phenomenon of drought and treatment problem of Stalinization of soil and treatment harmful plants (noxious plants) and agricultural policies that support for the agricultural production while third depict the changing ratio of area ratio and production between base year2002 and comparative year 2012. While the fourth chapter composed the problems of sustainable agricultural development in the study area and then put the proposed solutions to them and then draw a picture of the future direction for sustainable agricultural development in the study area through which that the researcher sees the best method in sustainable agricultural development and increase agricultural production to meet the food requirements of the population then the most important results and recommendations which the researcher reached to it Which seeks to achieve the aim of the study for future Follow with the process of description and analysis the cartographic representation of the of sustainable agricultural development phenomena and changes, in addition for tables and Diagrams

الاستيطان الريفي في قضاء خانقين == District Rural Settlement In Khanaqin

Author name: سارة عبد الله حسون محمد
Supervisor name: عبد الامير عباس عبد الحيالي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: الاستيطان الريفي في منطقة خانقين قديم يعود الى العهد البابلي والاكدي, وقد نشات الزراعة والمستوطنات الريفية في خانقين لتوافر المياه والتربة الخصبة والمناخ الملائم. فقد انشئت مدينة خانقين في العهد السلوقي ونشات السعدية وجلولاء في العهد البابلي. هدف الرسالة | Rural settlement in Khanaqin age - old goes back to the era of the Babylonian and Akkadian, was originated agriculture and rural settlements in Khanaqin to the availability of water and fertile soil and a favorable climate. Established the city of Khanaqin in the Seleucid era and the towns of Jalula and Saadia in the Babylonian era. This study examines the rural settlement in Khanaqin Bnuahah three (center hand Khanaqin, Jalawla, hand Saadia), and Qdahtot study on the introduction and four chapters, conclusions and recommendations and extract the message, which included the first chapter theoretical framework The second chapter deals with geographical factors and their role in the emergence and growth or deterioration and the demise of rural settlements, and the location of the city of Khanaqin, strategic and location on the road (silk) and as a gateway Zagros and the only outlet to Iran and Asia Minor and China, all the invasions and military campaigns that targeted Baghdad, Syria and the region passed the port of Khanaqin, and the first areas were damaged and destroyed is an area of Khanaqin and its settlements and rural Square was war of the countries opposing the occupation of Iraq was a citizen in the area of Khanaqin, paying the price of the geographical location dearly with his life and his property was also not dehydrated for his loyalty national because the boundaries in these areas were unstable and stable. because of natural conditions and human witnessed the study area demographic changes in 1977, the number of rural population 32569 people because of population migration to the central and southern governorates for security reasons, political, military, and because of the scarcity of water and the difficulty of providing water for agriculture, rose Addscan countryside in 2011 to more than 89751 people, an increase of (55 182) people and possibly more than that number, and the reason is due to the return of displaced peasants to their villages and lands. either Chapter III Vqdtnol Morvolgih rural settlements and housing density of the individual and the family, which amounted to (6) individual / unit and (2) family / unit. either the fourth quarter Vqdbges the role of natural and human factors in determining the image of the geographical distribution. Rural settlements and patterns. Vkdzart in the stuy area three modes, a linear modes which hit rate (25.9%) and style accumulated total (50.4%) and widespread pattern of total (23.7%) of the total villages in the study area, as it appeared the highest percentage of pattern accumulated in the countryside Center hand Alqdhaeltoffer water and fertile soil. this chapter also ranks volumetric rural settlements and rural settlements focus of large sizes in the northeastern parts of Khanaqin and southern parts of the hand Saadia. The fifth chapter handled sectoral planning and local levels and its impact on the development of the countryside of the judiciary and relationships, health, education, electricity and drinking water to the villages of the judiciary and also covered the role of farm associations in agricultural and rural development in Khanaqin, and finally was reached many of the indicators and proposals which Maevid planners and decision makers preparation of development plans and programs appropriate and necessary for the advancement of rural settlement in the region and find ways to improve them in the future.

الاشكال الارضية فـي حوض نهر الونـد وعلاقتها بتكتونية المنطقة == Landforms In Alwand River Basin And Their Relation With The Area Tectonics

Author name: زيد عبد محمود
Supervisor name: منذر علي طه الخالدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تمت دراسة الاشكال الارضية في حوض نهر الوند وعلاقتها بتكتونية المنطقة وما كونه النهر من مظاهر جيومورفولوجية متباينة شكلها عند مروره بالمنطقة المدروسة.تقع منطقة الدراسة في الجزء الشمالي الشرقي من العراق ضمن النطاق غير المستقر , وتغطي ترسبات الزمن الرباعي | The study deals with the geomorphologic shapes resulting from the river - curves in Alwand river and their relation with the area tectonics and the various geomorphologic aspects the river has done when it has passed by the study area.The study area has located in the northeastern of Iraq in unstable zone which is covered with the Quaternary sediments including the river sediments of Pleistocene and Holocene age.In fact , the various geomorphologic processes of the area have been studied as well as the natural features as geology , climate and soil.Moreover ,the morph metric analysis processes of the basins and drainages have been done using the modern techniques as remote sensing and Geographic information systems (GIS)to conduct the study and analyze the basin surface digitally. Also, this study has shown the existence of geomorphologic erosion - sedimentary features, these erosion processes have happened synchronously with the sedimentary processes including pleats and river curves as well as other sedimentary features as river islands ,natural levees and flood plain.The study has shown that the tectonic effect on Wand river causes many curves in its current ,that is the folding process happened because the effect of horizontal stresses which are pushed from the northeastern towards the southwestern caused by the movement and collision of the Arab plate with Iranian Plate. The earth manifestations in the study area caused by two forces : the internal forces represent the earth movement which cause the formation of folds and faults in the area. Such forces cause many geomorphologic phenomena of erosion - structural origin as Cuesta and Dhahr Alhalwf(hog back). The second forces are the external ones which represent the phenomena of erosion origin as caves phenomenon and honey combs phenomenon(Beyout alnahl),and other sedimentary origin as alluvial fans and filled valleys.In addition, the study also,proves that some of the earth movable material as rock fall ,and slab slid ,all these have happened because of the existence of rock discontinuities shown as joints (bc,ac) in the solid or hard sandstones.The desk analysis results have shown the directions of the longitudinal and transversal valleys in the land sat image(2013 TM landsat 5 250000 : 1)and have proved that there is a relation between bending valleys directions and the joints caused by the tectonic processes.This relation indicates that the transversal valleys employ the (ac)joints in their current which are vertical to the axis ply corresponding to the stress direction that causes the fold ,whereas longitudinal valleys tend to employ the (bc)joints corresponding to the axis ply which are considered as release joints happened after the calmness of the stress causing the folding.Through the positional studies of such joints in the field stations ,it has been proved that most of the joints in these stations take two directions : the first is the vertical to the fold axis between (050 - 060), and the second type is the joints which are parallel to the fold axis between (121 - 130).Some of the second type joints are considered as extension ones whereas the others are conjugate.Studying those joints and their directions shows that the study area has passed by a number of events. These events are horizontal compressive stress its direction is northeastern - southwestern followed by extension stress happened later. Then, the conjugate joints which are (Hko) type (a) exposed to great effect of whose direction is northeastern - southwestern causing the folding process.but the other joints have shown that there is no relation between the joints and the fold process but the reason is some different tectonic development which comes later. These joints have played an important role in delimitating the general current of Alwand river and its directions.

الخصائص الفيزياوية والكيمياوية للتربة في قضاء بعقوبة واثرها في زراعة الحمضيات وانتاجها

Author name: سالم احمد محمد التويجري
Supervisor name: محمد عبد عباس التميمي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تعد التربة من اهم مصادر الثروة الطبيعية ومعيارا حضاريا تقاس بها درجة رقي الامم وتقدمها , ولا يفوتنا ان نذكر ان الحضارات الزراعية العظيمة , اعتمدت في تطورها وتقدمها على التربة الخصبة الصالحة للزراعة ولا سيما حضارة وادي الرافدين والنيل وحضر موت في بلادنا

التحليل المكاني للاستثمار الزراعي في ناحية بحركة

Author name: طلعت محمد طاهر عمر البوتاني
Supervisor name: علي عبد عباس العزاوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الى ايجاد التباين المكاني للاستثمار الزراعي لناحية بحركة باستخدام اتحليل العاملي كوسيلة احصائية اذ تعد هذه المنطقة من المناطق المهمة في الاستثمار الزراعي وتعتمد بالدرجة الاولى على الزراعة الديمية كونها منطقة مضمونة الامطار يبلغ معدل الامطار

واقع الخدمات البلدية والمجتمعية في مدينة هبهب في ضوء التوسع الحضري للمدينة == The Reality Of Municipal And Community Services In The City Of Hibhib In Light Of Urbanization Of The City

Author name: هدى قاسم محمد
Supervisor name: محمد يوسف حاجم الهيتي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/DHAMYA1/AT2015/%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%89%20%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%20%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF.pdf
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: المدينة كائن حي ينمو وينضج ويتكاثر وله عوامل عديدة تغذيه وتدفعه باتجاه هذا النمو فاذا ما توسعت المدينة وكبر حجمها واذا ما تلاشت ونعدم اثرها. يقف وراء ذلك جملة من العوامل والمستلزمات التي تعمل على نهوض وتطور المدينة وهذا مراكزت عليه هذه الدراسة وهو جانب من | City living organism grows and matures and multiplies has many factors fueled and driven towards this growth. If what the city has expanded and grew in size and if they vanished and no shortage impact. Behind it a number of factors and supplies that operate on the advancement and development of the city and this is what has focused upon this study an aspect of these factors, a municipal and community - based services that have a direct contact in the lives of the urban population and raise the city level and show their beauty and civilization and stability, has been shed light on what carried out by the municipality of cleaner and paving the streets and service parks, which are breathing city, and education and health services and assess the efficiency and the most important shortcomings and deficits in the provision of these services and the most important obstacles and problems encountered as well as the development and proposals of solutions and the addition of tables and ratios to do the work and the advancement of this service as it showed the indicators used to measure the efficiency of municipal services to the low level of efficiency of this service in the city of HIBHIB represented not street network efficiency in terms of tiling, furniture and neglect and lack of follow - up and ongoing MRO with existing streets where abound Altaksvat as it has been provided (10200 m / i) of streets paved of the city, while the form of disability ( 67 919 m / i), in addition to the lack of parks and gardens service efficiency as it has been providing space (11550 m2) out of space (181 450 m 2) as described Balrdaih from a sample of view, and this confirms the poor to provide this service and the dissatisfaction of the population about it and the performance of the municipality, either community services (health and education) were characterized by flexibility and efficiency between resources and population size, the study showed the absence of a current deficit of the two services and develop plans to avoid any shortfall or defect until 2030.

اثر عناصر المناخ في زراعة وانتاج محصول الرمان في قضاء المقدادية == The Effect Of Climate Factors In Planting And Producing The Pomegranate Crop In Al - Miqdadyah District

Author name: خالد احمد حسين خميس التميمي
Supervisor name: يوسف محمد علي حاتم الهذال
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: ان هذه الرسالة تبحث في اثر عناصر المناخ في زراعة وانتاج محصول الرمان في قضاء المقدادية وكان هدف الدراسة الكشف عن تاثير عناصر المناخ في زراعة وانتاج محصول الرمان.ومن هنا انطلقت المشكلة البحثية (ما اثر عناصر المناخ على زراعة وانتاج محصول الرمان في قضاء المق | This study aims at investigating the effect of the climate factors in planting and producing the pomegranate in Al - Miqdadyah district.So, the study problem began from the study hypothesis which suggest that (the climate factors have an influential effect in the prosperity of the pomegranate and the determination of its ripeness time.The climate factors the study deals with are (light, temperature, wind, humidity ,rain).Moreover, the study depends on theclimate data of the weather stations in (Khanaqeen and Khalis)for 12 years from(2001 - 2012).The study is divided into four chapters in addition to the conclusions and recommendations.The study has shown that the great temperature exceeded the usual levels during the ripping time and the gathered temperature was appropriate for planting the crop in the study area ,also the studyhas revealed that the rain levels were insufficient so they depended on supplementary irrigation. Moreover ,it has been founded a noticeable outbreak of many blights such as Mediterranean fruit worm and the Pomegranate trunk - carver particularly in the east of the study area ,actually changes in trends and average towards decreasing in vaporization /exudation caused decrease in the water consumption of this crop to be reflected positively in the reduction of water ration and water inefficacy.Besides , the study has shown that the pomegranate production trend is towards decreasing as proved by the statistical devices in Khalis weather station that(speed of wind, sun brightness, normal temperature) are the most effective factors on the production of this crop ,that is the (t - test)assures the significance of these factors with(95%)whereas the (F - test)assures the significance of these factors (99%)and the value of the selection coefficient(R2) is(97%).In Khanaqeen weather station ,the factors (speed of wind, sun brightness and lowest temperature )are the most effective ones in the production of the crop,that is the (t - test)pointed out the importance of the factor is(95%)for the lowest temperature and(0.99)for the speed of wind and sun brightness , whereas the (F - test)assures the significance of these factors (99%)and the value of the selection coefficient(R2) is(99%).

المجال الحيوي الجغرافي للعراق وتطبيقاته الجيوبولتيكية

Author name: ضمياء حسين صالح الشمري
Supervisor name: عبد الامير عباس عبد الحيالي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تتناول هذه الدراسة عرضا وتحليلا لسياسات تطبيق المجال الحيوي في واحدة من المناطق الجغرافية المهمة لكل القوى العالمية والاقليمية وهي منطقة الشرق الاوسط وقد تم اختيار دولة العراق كنموذج تطبيقي للدراسة بوصفها تشكل واحدة من اهم القوى الاقليمية الشرق اوسطية ل

تقييم كفاءة مواقف السيارات في مدينة كربلاء ومتطلباتها المكانية == Efficiency Assessment Of Car Parks In Kerbala City And Its Spatial Requirements

Author name: مروة فاضل عبيد الموسوي
Supervisor name: رياض كاظم سلمان الجميلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography of Cities
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The current study with its aims and adopted method concentrated on studying a significant part of civil transportation system and the most important civil services in the city focusing on the most available services in the city in general that serve the city population. Its target is the spatial distributional study for these city services. that is by knowing the extent of suitability of this distribution to population requirements and responding to their future needs. Through the results achieved by the study by using number of designed and space measurements depending highly on the field study and field survey process that compromised car parks in the Holy Kerbala for the year (2016) relying on number of reliable plan standards when estimating the need of each use of these city services. This is in addition to studying these parks in Kerbala city by its relation with other old city sectors and services available in the car parks. This is in addition to knowing city needs for these services. Number of these parks reached to( 73) among other parks available in Kerbala city as well as limiting proportion of each service inside the parks through the results that the researcher reached at. It was found that the city suffers from missing these services beside knowing the spatial directions that are taken by these parks. It was noticed through the study that most car parks gathered in the old city center and most city uses that affect distributing these parks in the religious use. This justifies the cause behind gathering parks close to the city center particularly in Maithem Attemar street. Thus, the religious factor plays a basic role in distributing those services of the city. So, the car parks of the old city formed proportion reached to (49) car parks of the total number. Proportion of these parks lessen in Al Haideryah and Al Jezerah districts. This justifies shortage of parks in this sector to misplan of these parks when there are no city basic designs. There is also no estimation for the real need for future city needs to these services

التحليل المكاني لتغير استعمالات الارض السكنية الى تجارية في مدينة النعمانية : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Residential To Commercial In The City Of Land Use Change Numaniyah ( A Study In The Urban Geography )

Author name: يوسف حران فارس حريز
Supervisor name: عبد الجليل ضاري عطا الله السعدون
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: تعاني المدن اليوم من مشاكل كثيرة نتيجة للنمو الحضري السريع الناجم عن تزايد عدد السكان فيها وارتفاع المستوى الاقتصادي لهم والتطور العلمي والتكنولوجي وسعي المواطنين للحصول على الخدمات التجارية وتحقيق فرص العمل والاستثمار التجاري، والذي يؤدي الى تعدد الاستعم | Today , cities Suffer from many problems as a result of rapid urban growth resulting from the growing population in them and the increase of their economiclevel and scientific and technological development and the pursuit of citizens for commercial services and achieving employment and business investment, which leads to the versatility and diversity and overlap of uses within cities, and as a result of lack of proper planning for trading use in the basic outline of the city as well as the absence of control by the Directorate of the municipality, which led to a change in class of residential use for the benefit of commercial use clearly to the lack of hierarchy for commercial services in the city, especially in the central commercial area and main streets, secondary and some neighborhoods of the city, which in turn, contributed to a significant change in the category of residential use in these places in the city. This study aims to detect temporal and spatial disparities in changing the use of land residential to commercial use in the city NUMANIYA during the study period (2003 - 2013) and to identify the most important reasons for the occurrence of the phenomenon and the statement of positive and negative effects caused by these changes and of the effects (social, economic, environmental, architectural , traffic... etc.) that affected the urban landscape of the city, as well as recognize the reality of urban land uses in the study area, specifically the commercial use of them in particular for being a place of study.The researcher has adopted in the study of geographic analytical approach that looks at the spatial relationships of the phenomenon and determine the geographic factors affecting it, as well as some of the methods used for statistical treatment of the subject from different angles and aspects

التغير المكاني للسكان في البحرين للفترة من 1971 - 1991 == The Spatial Change Of Population In Bahrain Betwee11 1971 - 1991

Author name: هدى داود نجم السعد
Supervisor name: مصطفى عبد الله محمد السويدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The importance of the population studies has become greater in geographical, soial and economic studies in very quickly time. Studying the geography and the cience of population has become one of the basic methods in geograpgy and socioloy sinces, it can solve the recent problems by realizing and analysing them aswell as inding the rriost suitable answers for them, which are presented by the results of the opulation studies and its possiblities of applications in developing, economic, social nd development plans in many states especially those which are under going a connuous and fast changes, just like Bahrain and the rest of the Gulf Oil states.Bahrain can be considered as an oil state which population are greatly controlled y the political, economic and social factors, since the discovery of oil has made radical change, It has transfered the economy of such state from a conventional one epending on agricultul - .e : , and fishing to amodren one depnding on oil incomes and vestments As aresult, aforign labour has brough u to manage the developing moveent as well as supporting the shortage in national labour and contributed grealtlydeveloping these states.The foreign labour has helped in achieving the developing plans, but, it has left s veral demographic, social, economic and political influences on the population of e region, and their growth, construction, distribution and their movement. By conSfdering what is said above, the aim of this research is studying the population in ahrain whether they are native or not and the role of the spatial and natural moveent of the people in showing the spatial changes in the compartive census periods 71, 1981 and 1991 then analysing and finding their causes and motives according the geography of population.This desertation consists of four chapters. The first one deals with the population ovements of the people and its effect inchanging the number of the population.oreover, this chapter is divided in to two sections, the first one deals with the patns and motives of the residential movement in atheoritical approach, while the s cond section concentrateji on the directions of the coming migration to Bahrain by studying its development and trends a~d - it~ pla~or.mqEr, - The second chapter discusses the populatipn growth ¥1d 1~ts effect on the change of the population bulk in Bahrain by studying the development of the populati6n 9~f!' : jt1~,jilld clearing the rule of the natural enlargment of every clase of the Bahrai - 7ty in the population growth of the state. 1~7.third chapter deals with the influence of the spatial change on the population 1dis - t~gutiqn in the ·state by studying the spatial change and population distribbution d~fi~rrding on the standareds of relative and density distribution and Knowing the rcoet : itre of population and density as well as the actual distribution of population. . Moreover, the fourth chapter, sums up the major factors affecting the distribu; tioni·~f population in Bahrain by discussing them into two groups in order to show tHt : nattiral and human factors in distribution, besides the problem of redistribution'of people - in the state and applying its effects. 'Finally; the researcher puts the conclusionss he has found throngh stuying this subject - the most outstanding one of them is that the coming migration plays a fundemental role in changing the population bulk and spatial diffrences through the diffrent census periods - at the encl of the desert ation.

التركيب الداخلي لمدينة سوق الشيوخ وعلاقتها الاقليمية : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

Author name: صلاح هاشم زغير الهاشم
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين جواد السريح
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims to analyse the internal structure of Suq Al - Shiuikh City and its regional relationships.The study is divided into eight chapters, the first I one deals with site and situation of the City, to study the physical characteristics, including geological, natu - 1 ral vegetation and soil.The second chapter is devoted to study the historical development Of land USeB in the city, While the third one deals with the population characteristics of the city and its regionl including population grouth, population distribution and age, sex, and economic structures. The next chapters study the functional structure of the city. Commercial function in considered in the fourth chapter, industrial in the fifth, residential in the sixth and services function in the seventh one. In these four chapters activity and land u.se of each function are dealt with.

التباين المكاني للانتاج الزراعي في اقليم اعالي الفرات

Author name: كمال صالح كزكوز
Supervisor name: سالم سعدون المبادر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Second Chapter deals with the human factors related to workers, irrigation and the adopted means of it.The plants symbolized by big dams, drainage and the projects that deal with the agrarian refonns. It also deals with the ownership system and its affect on the agricultural product It has also some comments on the agricultural policy and the biological factors, transportation and marketing.As for the Third Chapter, which is regarded as the ma.in idea in this study, we see that it is specialized on studies of the agricultural product of the year 1988 to make it clear that the variance of places have something to do with the agricultural product, headed by classificqtion of the product and the scales adopted in some of the geographical studies.In this Chapter there are also studies on farming a and orchards as for their distribution on suberbs and the geographical factors behind that. At last this Chapter studies the agricultural changes between 1980 - 1988. This study aims to focus the place variance onagricultural production in Upper Euphrates region which consists the suberbs of Ramadi, Heat, Haditha, Aana and Al - Qaem.The region is situated in the western part of Iraq in Anbar Governarate which is about 29% of the survey of the whole Governarate. The survey of this region is regarded as 9.2% compared to the survey of Iraq.This region is suffering from a big problem which is the limited fertile land for agrivulture that does not exceed 1% from the whole survey of the land in the region.The study consists of.three Chapters. In the First Chapter, the researcher deals with the Natural factors affecting the variance of plance on agrilcultural products after flashing the light on studies concerning the place and the size of the region. The survey of the directorate and the important administrative development in the region In addition to the background on the surface, the climate, the soil and water resources that affect on the agricultural production.

اتجاهات وسرع الرياح السطحية في العراق == Directions And Velocity Of Surface Wind In Iraq

Author name: عزيز كوطي حسين الحسيناوي
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Among many other climatic elements, wind is the one of the most important ones for its an active role in specifying the nature of climatic features ; which consequently made it essential to study directions and velocity of wind both for meteorologists and climatologists as they cause a lot of weather changes such as those occurring to temperature, humidity and others. They - wind - lead, for instance, to rise temperature if they come from warm sides and decrease it in case they come from cold ones.If they were humid, they would cause rainfall over areas beneath and they also, in case of being speedy, cause dust storms of both kinds : sand and earthen ones.Wind affects many economical activities. They affect on determining the sites of industrial establishments and where its waste dumps should be located; on city construction and agriculture productivity along with exploiting wind in various fields such as using it in generating energy.The purpose of this research is to study directions and velocity of surface wind in Iraq as far as its differences in time and place between the southern, northern and middle zones, and the one zone stations are concerned.A 30 years climatic cycle (1961 - 1990) was chosen to the amount of 12 stations distributed in the country as follows : - Zakho , Kurkuk, Suliamaniya, and Mosel stations for northern region - Khnakeen, Ana , Alrutba and Baghdad stations for middle region. - Al - Hai , Al - Diwaniya, Al - Nassiriya and Basra stations for southern region.The research included three chapters. The first one dealt with affecting controls on directions and velocity of surface wind in Iraq. These controls were divided into stable ones : (locations as for latitude, topographic relief and water flats) and dynamic : (air pressure, air masses, weather fronts and weather highs and lows). The second chapter treated of wind ,directions in Iraq as to its differences in time and place according to circled - directions sectors. It was also possible to study the weather condition of the change of prevailing directions for chosen stations in the country. As for the third chapter, it was devoted to study the velocity of surface wind in Iraq and show its differences in time and place. It also studied the standard velocity registered in station during different years as well as the daily course of the velocity of surface wind in the stations of the study during January and July.In final, the research contained conclusions being reached through studying the subject of this research.

سكان محافظة القادسية : دراسة في جغرافية السكان == Al - Qadisiya Governorate Population A Study In Population Geography

Author name: باسم عبد العزيز عمر العثمان
Supervisor name: عبد مخور نجم الريحاني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

حوض وادي ورزان : دراسة في جغرفية الموارد المائية == Wadi W Arazan Basin A Study In The Geography Of Aquatic Resources

Author name: جلال عبده ابراهيم عثمان
Supervisor name: سعود عبد العزيز عبد المحسن الشعبان الفضلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study is aimed to assist. The aquatic resources in Wadi Warazan Basin in the Republic of Yemen in order to estimate the water balance with regard to the natural resources and the way of usage in the different fields of activities.The importance of this study depends on the fact that wadi Warazan Basin which is (412)Km2 is one of the most fertile a agricultural areas, moreover area it is regarded to be a tourism area. The second thing is that the basin is more close to Taiz city which suffers at the present from water shortage.The final results of the study show that : 1 - The most rainy seasons are spring and summer especially, in some few days during the rain season. The most rainy month is August (14.8%) of the total rain while December is regarded to be the lesser rainy month (0.7%). The rainfall estimations during (44) years is about (346 - 875.8)mm. 2 - The annual aquatic in Wadi Warazan Basin ts about (241 349 600)m33 - The ground water runoff increases during autumn, because it occurs after the rain season, where there are many quantities of the ram underground. In contrast, other months of the year has less drainage.4 - The armual drainage which is (3492)m3 per hour varies in (193.6%) because of it's close relation with rainfall. 5 - The (165.59)mm out of the total annual rainfall is found to a wasted aquatic quantities as a result of evaporation.6 - The Absence of specific channels, which leads to increase the evaporation rate in the valley. In addition the pools which fonned at the sides of the valley represented a suitable environments for transfer various diseases such as Schistosomiasis (Belhars) and Malaria diseases. 7 - The deviation factor of Wadi Warazan shows the variation in the compactness of their rocks, so the evaporation rate of ground water runoff produced as a result of the expansion of the area exposed to the sun light.Moreover barriers and folts at the long side are an important factors for ground water recharge.8 - The present consumption of the ground water appears to be in the higher rocky aquatic layer and the volcanic aquatic rocky layer third layer (Tawila Sandstone) seems to be unconsumed because it's (600)m deep.9 - The ground water is affected by the increasing number of wells.10 - The aquatic basin net work appear to be having a high density of valleys number about (1.05)/Km2 which affects the surface flow that makes floods danger is probable.11 - It seems that the aquatic basin resources may become unable to met the increasing demand of the area and Taiz city as regarded to be an alternative to solve the city water supply problem. Moreover, the rising of the population in the basin.

جوانب من النظام الحضري في محافظة ذي قار

Author name: ماهر يعقوب موسى
Supervisor name: مضر خليل العمر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تقييم دور نهر ام المعارك في تنمية الموارد المائية

Author name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Water is considered as a strategic resource for economic development.Thus , Um Al - Maark possesses considerable development of water resources in the lower Euphrates basin. The river takes from the right bank of the Euphrates (10) kms downstream ofNasiriya with a total length of (108) kms. There are five canals branching from the right bank of the river each with a capacity of 25 cumers. The river controls 60 - 65 % (185) cumecs (5,82) bcm of the Euphrates discharge at Nasiriya ( 199) - 1998). Its water discharge is affected by seepage losses with (0.45 - 0.55 ) m3 I m1 I day and evaporation from the channel with (0.04) bcm, due to high average temperature (24.6) °C and very high soil permeability (15 - 43) m/d.Um Al - Maark plays a vital role in water resources conservation by controlling water distorted at the Marches and Arabian Gulf and directed to the western desert to irrigate (150000) ha. Furthermore, the river maintains the Euphrates and Shatt Al - Arab water quality by limiting the Marshes polluted wat : - r with an EC value (6) mmhos I cm which increased water 11 salinity of the river's at Qurna to ( 5.1) mmhos I cm during ( 1990 - 1992 ) COIDJ - 'dred to the previous salinity 0.96 ( 1967 - 1969). The water quality of the rivers has been decreased to (2.3) and (2.6) mmhos I cm ( 1995 - 2000) at Qurna and Maqil respectively, as a result of the implementation of Um Al - Maark, Saddam and Al - Ezz rivers.UM Al - Maark will be used as flood control system. It will be able to convert (508) cumecs from the flood water to the western desert as in 1988 and up to now to be used for irrigation and artificial groundwater recharge.These will maintain environment system. The ri·.'er promotes considerable economic and environmental developments forward by utilizing the desert virgin land with (150000) ha.The present irrigated land is (6250) ha, producing (3525) tons. This will L increase to (580800) tons/year with a net value of (77190) MIDS (38.6) M$Um Al - Maark is an important system for artificial groundwater rech?.rge in the Dibdibba area which has a rapid agriculture development affecting groundwater storage due to increasing demands and low natural recharge with (0.63) and (0.31) bcrn respectively. As a result the groundwater level decrease to (0.25) m I year and salinity increases to ( 0.28) mrnhos I cm I year. Therefore,Um Al - Maark is constructed to feed groundwater with (l.35) hem. This increases the groundwate r level and decreases salinity by (0.8) m/year and (0.4 )mrnhos /cm/ year respectively.Thus the river maintains water efficiency to cope with future development. Finally , to implement the river objectives the following measuresshould be considered : l. It is necessary to construct two regulators on Um Al - Maark and the Euphrates.2. An Authority should be established to be responsible for sand dunes control , lining canals,hydrological , geological , climate , soil and natural vegetation information.3. Effective irrigation methods should be applied. 4. High agriculture intensity should be used.5. Farm management practics regarding training , machinery , irriga.ion , ,drainage , fertilizer... etc should be enhanced.6. Water should be well distributed between the river canals and lining should be adopted7. Studies regarding water and land resources should be enlarged.8. Agricultural facilities such as roads , electricity , machinery , health centers and education should be considered.9. Vegetation cover should be improved.

تقويم مشاريع الخير الاروائية في محافظة البصرة == Evalution Of Al - Khair Irrigation Projects In Basroh Provi Nee

Author name: صلاح مهدي عريبي الزيادي
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تحليل جغرافي للامكانات الزراعية في قضاء ابي الخصيب وافاقها المستقبلية == A Geographical Analysis To The Agrarian Possibilities In Abie Al - Khaseeb Town An Their Future Horizons

Author name: ابتسام كاطع خاجي اللامي
Supervisor name: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: 14.haseeb t plant greens since they herp in developing the farmer's ihcome.I The umber of palm4rees was (2911999) in 1978 but it beca1m - - - f 845000) 1995 because of the Iranian aggression. The agraian post /offices co perated with the farmers for the replantation to be (924327) palm.tree/ n 2000 which represents (31%) in comparison with 1979. Th study ex~~~ the farmers' io.t.erlgi(ng, in planting diffj~t th typaj oft ees which ~e a.bsent before the flood 1969 which causes~ of most fthem,' the fanners neglect such type~ because they j~ided oth~r economi fields like petrol - industry and general services because of thetJt! hi h ffrcomefi; fr; - .>T e study expressed several problems which ~t the agrariam produc on and the agrarian developmen)e~pecially in Al - Seebah,lhese prob le 0 1. The salty soil and the neglected '&ard - er~ which ha~o systematic# irri ation and drainage cbnals and they contain thick needs and other pla ts which became the main reason to~ the negative influences up n the exploited gardens. 2. Th reduction of Shatt - Al - Arab water helps the salty water of Arab G If to l progress to reach at this area and influences the lands n gativelly. 3. T ere are se".ei;al - types of the biological factors /affect the garden c ops like the l : iushes and the other diseases.4. The expensive workmen in the field of agriculture.The study shows that there are various possibilites that have not f \'.. Y;q,, exploited yet to develop the agricultural production. There is Oi possibility to the h<;>~~ontal exp.Qnsion (84o/o) from the lands that can J;>e exploited amfthe exploitation of the salty soils in AJSeebah and v.,~,,l. lages lik~ Al - Fyadh, Al - baljania, Kut Al - Zain, AI - Mutua' and others1Moreover4 tlte production ability of the really ,e~polited areas can be lifted up through the use of scientific devices and the logical exploitation of water. Al - Seebah also should be developed and the population should be encouraged to return back : ' uv - - · 'L ~.. r)c'1\N\<v\f rfK 1After : ~ le~vi~gl ~( : : - a~e Iranian agrrission 1980J Jhe • government adopted a pseful agrarian policy included several strattgies like the director granting which aims at providing the healty house, to the farmers and the achievements of croping, purification of iITigation and the compensaition of the dead palmtrees and the development of the animals wealth.

تحليل العلاقات المكانية لخصائص السكان في محافظة ذي قار

Author name: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
Supervisor name: علي حسن الخفاف
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study represents the first attempt for studying the population of Dhi Qar governorate. The study faced a nuznber of obstacles first of which was the administrative chaEges which this governorate has been witnessing.The following are the most important results we have arrived at in the study.1. Dhi Qar is one of the Iraqi governorates which has been characterised by population density during the period 1947 - 1977 where it has held either the fourth or sixth positive among Iraqi governorates.2. The poulation density of this governorate 1977 which was 45. 12.Pe ts on per kilometer was not distributed regularly to various parts of this place. This is due to the differences among the factors which affect the population distribution,whether they were natural or human factors •3. The dry climate in this governorate made the population depend in a limited manner on surface water and underground water. This distribution of the population was thus concentrated around the Euphrates and Al - Garaph rivers and also around the streams in addition to the dry edges of the marshes. 4. The rate of the population change in - this governorate was generally very limited throughout the years covered by the study. The highest rate which was 2.9%, occurred during the years 1947 - 1957. During 1965 - 1977 it decreased to become 1.9%.5. The results of this study indicated that the period 1978 - 1983 has shown a noticeable rise in the rate of natural increase. This goes in line with development of the medical or municipal services which have contributed a great deal in reducing the death rates.6. As for the structure of the popUlation, it is noticed that the geographical situation of this governorate in the sou thren part. of Iraq, away from the frontiers, has made all its population from the Arabs;only a limited number of other minorities is noticed here.7. The six rate in the governorate has increased for the behalf of the females. The number of in : nnigrants to the governorate during 1947 - 1977 should have been mainly from males who were after better chances for jobs.s. The community is Dhi Qar reflects the characteristics of youth. This would naturally affect any future positive changes such a phenomenon has been reflected in the population py : ramid where children and youth constituted 51,36% in 1977 and the rate of the disabled v1as 7 ,65% • 9. As for the distribution of the popUlation in the cities and the countryside the results of the four censuses done already showed a decrease in the number of people living in the cities during 1947 - 1977 although it has shown a noticeable rise during this period ra.Dging as follows : 15,65%, 18,65%, 27,62%, 39,71% respectively.10. The rural n<ture in this governorate has led to increase the rate of illiteracy which was 66,24% while it comes down to 53% in the other parts of the country.11. All the population of this governorate are Moslems.Since Islam encourages people to get married and bring children, the increasing number of people is expected. 12~ The results of the four censuses have shown that the circumstances of this governora.te make people leave for other parts of the country.13~ The countryside areas suffer from migration. The number of people registered in the four census shows no change or increase'.' 14. To take up its people in the future, this governora te should continue in growing its potentialities by reclaiming more lands, supporting agriculture developing new irrigation networks, and caring much for the animal resources. Winter tourism need to be backed up also.

المنطقة التجارية المركزية لمدينة الصدر : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

Author name: اسامة حميد مجيد هاشم السلطان
Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم الهاشم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التغيرات المناخية واثرها في تغير التركيب المحصولي في العراق == Climate Change And Its Impact On Crop Structure In Iraq

Author name: فهد احمد فرحان العامود
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي | بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

صناعة تنقية وتحلية المياه في محافظة البصرة وافاقها المستقبلية == Indastry Of Purification And Desalination Of Water In Province Of Basrah And It'S Future Prospects

Author name: رند عدنان ديوان السعيدان
Supervisor name: فارس مهدي محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تبين من خلال الدراسة ان صناعة مياه الشرب احد اهم الصناعات التحويلية وذلك لكونها تخضع لكل متطلبات الصناعة التحويلية حيث تبرز فيها كافة مقومات الانتاج الصناعي من اختيار الموقع الى احتساب الكلفة وتوافر المواد الاولية والايدي العاملة والعمليات الصناعية في مصا | The study shows that water drink production is one of the most important transformational industries since it yields all the requirements of the transformational industry that all constituents of the industrial production emerge beginning from the choosing of the site , the calculation of the cost , the availability of the raw material and workmen and industrial process that take place in the independent factories up to the emergence of the extrinsic or incidental productions and so on. Therefore this study which consiss of five chapters concerns this kind of industry. Chapter One tackles the following : on the introduction to the definition of water and water cycle in nature , the sources of water and water drink qualities and characteristics , the importance of water for humans , the pollution of water drink , and the seasonal and locational discrepancy of the pollution on water drink in the Governorat of Basrah and the impact of this pollution of the public health. Chapter Two is divided into two sections : section one deas with the historical development of the technicality water drink in the Governorat of Basrah while section two deals with the historical development of water drink desalination in the Governorat Chapter Three : Discusses that factors that establish the water drink industry in the Governorat and the imporatance of each factor and its impact. Chapter Four : Demonstrates the geographical distribution of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. It includes two sections , the first one deals with the geographical distribution of water drink in a province while the second section tackles the geographical distribution of water drink in asector. Chapter Five consist of two sections : The first one surveys the problems concerning the water drink industry in the Governorat while the secand tackles the future prospective of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. The study has arrived at the following results. The production of water in the Governorat of Basrah in simple traditional ways or methods are the accumulation and precipitation , filteration , sterilization by liquid and powder and chlorine while the desalination stations produce water through reverse ozoination. Water is being refined by ozonization and ultraviolet rays. The natural colonization factors especially that of weather , earth and geological structure , the increase and economic factors especially labourers , raw material , marketing , transportation , government policy and personal or individual desire have affected on limiting , the industrial site. Thus , there is a discrepancy between the geographical distribution of water refinery projects and desalination stations in the Governorat of Basrah. So , there are (132 ) projects for refinement , (12 ) of them are in Basrah district , i.e ; (9.09 % ) , (11) projects are in Abu - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; (8.33 % ) , (3) projects in Al - Fao district , i.e ; (2.27 % ) , (4 ) projects are in Al - Zubair district , i.e ; (3.03 %) , (39 ) projects are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e ; (12.12 %) projects some of them are in Al - Medyna district , i.e ; (29.54 %) , and ( 47 ) projects are in Al - Qurna district I.e ; (35.62 % ). As regards the private ( domestic ) desalination station their their number in the Governorat is (88) some of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (20.45 %) , (8) are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; about (9.09%) , (1) station is in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (1.15 %) , (41) stations are in Al - Zubair district , I.e ; (46.59 %) , (2) statios are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e; about (2.27%) , (8) stations , same of them are in Al - Mudianya district , about (9.09%) , and (10) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e ; about (11.30). Regarding those of the government , their number in the government is (50) desalination stations , (7) of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (14%) (2) stations are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district i.e; about (4%) , (9) stations are in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (18%) , (6) stations in Al - Zubair district i.e; about (12%) , (8) stations are in Shatt Al - Arab district , i.e; about (16%) , (11) stations are in Al - Mudianyia district , i.e ; about (22%) , and (7) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e; about (14%). The number of employees in the refinement projects is ( 1263 ) and the number of those in the desalination stations is ( 406 ). The area of the projects of the water drink refinement is ( 242466) millions square meter in the Governorat of Basrah while the area of desalination stations in the Governorat is (65353) thousands square meters. The production of water refinement projects is ( 735619.625 ) cubic meter /hour. The Basrah district takes over the first rank for the production whil is ( 313433.75 ) cubic meter/ hour ,i.e; (42.65%) of the sum total production in the Governorat of Basrah. Al - Qurna district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (118780.25 ) cubic meter/hour , i.e ; about (16.14%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat while Al - Mudianya district takes over the third rank for the production whial is (96674.375 ) cubic meter , i.e ; (13.14 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Abu - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fourth rank for the production whial is ( 64875) cube meter/hour , i.e ; ( 8.83%) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah while Al - Zubair district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is (61437.5 ) cube meter / hour , i.e ; (8.35 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Shatt Al - Arab district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is ( 54768.75 ) cube meter / hour. i.e; ( 7.44%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. While Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (25650) cube meter , i.e; ( 3.49 %) of the sum total The production of the desalination stations is ( 27585) tons/day. Al - Mudianya district takes over the first rank for the production is (8900) tons / day , i.e ; ( 32.25 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Al - Zubair district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (7349) tons / day , i.e ;(26.64 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Basrah district takes over the third rank for the production whial is ( 4492 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 16.28 %)of the sum total of the production. Al - Qurna district takes over the fourth rank for the production (4440 ) tons / day , i.e ; (16.09 %) of the sum total of the production while Abi - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is ( 1684) tons / day , i.e ; (6.14 %) of the sum total of the production. Al - Fao district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is (420 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 1.52 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (300) tons/day , i.e ; ( 1.08 %) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah. It appears that there have been a number of problems some of which concern the transportation degree (network ) and others concern the quality of water , the invested money , and the employees ( labourers ) , and some others concern the nature of production , the decrease of water levels , the increase of salt.The most important of these problems is the increase of salts for in (2012 ) it reaches the highest in Tigris , i.e ; (1239) milimose /cm on August. And it reaches in the Euphrates (2426 ) milimose / cm during March while salt reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( the center ) to ( 3561 ) Milimose / cm on October ; it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( sehaan ) to (7246 ) milisome / cm during August while it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( Al - Lebani ) to ( 4253 ) mi;isome / cm during August. The problem of the decrease of the water level is an effective factor on the process of water drink production that the river water decrease inside the Governorat due to multiplicity of banks and tanks established by the neighbouring countries. This leads to the decrease of water in the Iraqi rivers in a general and in the Governorat in particular. This causes the water to be salty and impure. This decrease also affects on the level of plunger or diver for many water pulling pipes of many refinement projects and consequently the refinement and pumping processes stop at these projects. Moreover , it appears that the problems of networks are considered as a main problem in the pollution of water drink in the Governorat of Basrah being old in age and undergoes constant breakdowns whial lead water greatly to be impure and polluted. Due to these results the individuals share of water in the Governorat of Basrah reaches (275 ) litre / day. These differed among districts that in Basrah district it reaches (239) litre / day , in Abi - Al - Khaseeb it reaches (317 ) litre/ day , in Al - Fao district it reaches (662) litre / day in Al - Zubair district it reaches (130 ) litre / day , in Shatt Al - Arab reaches (341) litre / day , in Al - Qurna district it reaches ( 445 ) litre / day , and in Al - Mudianya district it reaches ( 438 ) litre / day of the collected produced water in the Governorat

اثر الموارد المائية في انتاجية بعض الاراضي الزراعية في قضاء السلمان (محافظة المثنى - العراق) == The Effect Of Water Resources On Productivity Of Some Agricultural Lands In The District Of Al - Salman, Al - Muthanna Province ـــ Iraq

Author name: محـمد فلـيح عـواد الجنابي
Supervisor name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aim to explain the role of water resources on the production of agricultural soils. This was done through examining the effect of groundwater on the chemiccal properties of agricultural the soils and the role of rainfall the chemeical properties of soils in the center of Salman district, during the period of year 2013 to 2014.. Salman district is loacated in Muthanna province, west of Iraq. It forms about 43.2% of the total area of the province. The geological formations in the study area are different from the third and fourth gelogical ages, with a dmoninating rocks of dolomite, lime, marl and sand rocks. There are many differences in the surface of the study area, where the topographic elevation ranges between 400 m above sea level in the south to 50 m in the north and east north. There are four soil groups recognized in the study area : desert soil, lime rocks, dune and Alluvial soils.These soils are very poor from organic materials and new formed.. The groundwater of the study area is contained from several aquifers especially Dammam and Um - Radhuma formations. Its storage is about 5.341 - 23.918 billion m3, and depended on the infiltration from rainfall on the area and its sourounding lands. The quality of groundwater included testing parameters of total dissolved solid (TDS), electric conductivity (EC) and major dominates the cations and Sulphat (SO4 - ) domnates the anions. The cultivated area of the Salman district about 21103 heactares during the years 2013 to 2014, with domining cereal crops, of 91.92% from the total cultivated area. The groundwater is the main source of irregation, and the amount of water demand for the total area is about 247.093 billion m3 per year. The groundwater contribute for increasing the (TDS) in the soils from 1140 mg/l in the plants soil, while the surface water of rainfall reduces the (TDS) in the soils to 1658 mg/l.

الزحف العمراني لمدينة شط العرب على الاراضي الزراعية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == The Urban Sprawl Of Shatt Al Arab City On The Agricultural Lands Appling Geographical Information System

Author name: مرتضى مظفر سهر الكعبي
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ترمي هذه الدراسة الى الكشف عن التغييرات التي طرات على تقلص الاراضي الزراعية لمدينة شط العرب على اثر الزحف العمراني عليها. حيث تمت مراقبة توسع المدينة على اراضيها الزراعية منذ النشاة وحتى الوقت الحاضر من اجل استنتاج الدوافع والمؤثرات التي ادت الى ان تزحف ا | The aim of this study to detect the changes accord on the reduction of agricultural land of the Shatt al - Arab District as a result of Urban sprawlererSo that it was monitored the sprawler of the city towards its agricultural lands since its commencement till yet to conclude the emotion and effect led to the Urban sprawler towards different direction during the stage of its Urban development or studying the limitation either natural or made by man opponent such this sprawler benefitting from the facilities provided by the GIS systems software. Studying the effects of natural characteristics and changes made by man in its effect or influence on attracting people to the city and there need for residential units for accommodation and then corrosion the agricultural lands which is deemed the basket of city food in addition to its importance pertaining the climate , beatification and environment. Identifying the trends of sprawler of the city so that this study impotence I merged from the importance of the city with the rerate of the studies argue this matter never focus on the Urban sprawler inspire of the change city is witnessed pertaining its population and Urban growth. This study depends upon the historical curricula in appointing the stages of Urban development of the city and the trends of Urban sprawler on the comparative analytical curricula in studying natural specifications and human variables also it accredited the functional curricular in analyzing land usage in regards to its Urban aspects and its functional proficiency by accrediting some plan standards. This study is divided into four chapters proceeded by introduction and followed by conclusion and abstract in English language including tables , maps , figures , whereas the structure and its implication is as follows. First chapter argue the application in studying Urban development of 9 the city , while the second chapter argue the natural features and human variables : Geographical location , its topography soil , water resources and climate. In addition ,the population growth and the geographical distribution. In the third chapter it is argued the land usage in the Shatt Al Arab district included : Residential commercial ,industrial and service usages with the possibility with comparing it with the local standards to identify its functional performance. Fourth chapter discussed the factor of Urban sprawler and then its limitation given entire overview the blank fact of the district represented by basic plans from 1962 till 2004 showing the effect of reduction the agricultural lands as a result of Urban sprawler with identifying the future trends of Urban expansion of the districts. This study concluded group of findings the most important one of which are as follows : 1. The district is expanded during the Urban development stage as it is registered are totaled 14.5 ha since the first construction of the city from 1600 to 1913 , as the district are was increased for the second stage of its Urban expansion to be 45.1 ha ( 1914 to 1957) while third stage had the great rule in expansion the area of the district to be 193.7 ha ( from 1958 - 2002 ) while the last stage upon the economical and social improvement beyond 2003 it is expanded to be 761,3 ha ( from 2003 to 2013)2. As a result of intensive Urban sprawler the area of agricultural farms is decreased as a result of growing population increment from 6285 in 1947 to be 50750 in 2009 agricultural lands is reduced during the term ( 1962 to 1979 ) 556.2 ha to be 346.2 ha during the planning period ( 1980 to 1993) and to be 55.8 for the planning period ( from 1994 to 2004 ) until the during of study.3. The study discovered that 1960 's and 1990 's and 2013 are of the most important points of Urban sprawler on the agricultural lands in Shatt Al Arab district. That’s represented by agricultural lands are done including the location of Basra University , resolution number 18 of 1970 , resolution number 117 of 2000 providing the relevant base of overlapping on agricultural lands in the district and upon the sabotage beyond 2003 it I contributed in merging random construction on the agricultural lands illegally reducing the greenish yard of the district.4. The study shows that there are basis plans of the district proceeded by an attempt to describe the real situation of the district by drawing cad straw maps but all design were prepared for the district are overlapped on by people or the concerned destination to comprehend the population increasing growth or migration movement to the district which is interpreted the failure of the basic plans upon a time of its execution

التركيب المحصولي في محافظة المثنى == Crops In Muthana Governorate

Author name: سعاد عبد الله فضيح
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Muthana Governorate has got so many agricultural potentials that it can be an area of crops that match with the geographical features on the one hand and respond to an integral part of the local market needs with reference to foods and ingredients on the other. This study aims at shedding some light on the geographical potentials the governorate, in question, has with reference to crops; identifying the features of each crop, and showing the value of the crops as far as Iraq is concerned. This study is also heading to trace the changes the crops undergo across the special shifts or trends.To fulfill the aims mentioned above, the research worker divides her study into four chapters as well as an introduction and a conclusion. Chapter One is on the characteristics of the crops grown in the Governorate of Muthana. Chapter Two deals with the natural and human resources of the crops. Chapter Three focuses on the geographical crops and Chapter Four sheds the light on productive potentials of each crop.The production of the crops of the years 2003 - 4 through 2010 - 11 was of relative stability. For example, the groups of crops were 5 - 6 in number. These groups included (29) grains that covered the greatest part of the cultivated fields ( 86.89 %) whereas fruits and dates ranked the second ( 6.62 %). The rest of rates were represented by three groups ( 3.69% , 2.5 , and 0.31 ). The winter crops were almost dominating ( 90/31 % - 82.7 % ) with reference to the cultivated areas. The crops that people fed on directly were given a high percentage ( 58.6 %). The forage is given the complementing percentage (51.62 %). The season in question was lacking the crops that could be used as raw material in certain national industries.The crops have witnessed several changes or shifts during the last decades due to the changing circumstances the governorate went through. The shifts in production were of various spatial indexes. These crops could fall into two varieties the first of which included ( 9 )crops that proved to be of a positive index of values between ( 19.970 - 399.266% ) whereas he second variety included ( 3 )crops but of a negative index of values between ( - 1302.297 - 33.257 ).

الجزيـــرة الحراريــة والراحة البايومناخية لمدينـة السماوة == Heat Island And Bioclamitic Comfort The City Of Samawah

Author name: فاطمة راضي ساجت الجابري
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى التعرف على الخصائص المناخية في مدينة السماوة , خاصة درجات الحرارة والرطوبة وسرعة الرياح للكشف عن وجود جزر حرارية, كذلك دراسة العوامل المؤثرة عليها واثرها في راحة الانسان , وبالتالي تسهم الدراسة في التنمية والتخطيط المستقبلي للمدينة.عتمد | This study aims to define the effect of the climatic characteristics in the Samawa city, especially the temperature , humidity, wind speed and to discover the islands heat to enable. Also this study aim to stop the effect of pollution on human comfort. us to make use from the results in planning side for future to Samawa city This study come according to the field work which divides the samawa city to eight axes covered the whole city. and ensure that each axis number of monitoring points and the ( Intersection of the Court) of the city center. cruising him by team coach ,and has operations field monitoring by measuring devices (Digital)to measure the temperature and relative humidity for all the seasons of the year. July represents summer season. October represents autumn season. January represents winter season. April represents spring season. The study contains four chapter the first chapter the relationship of heats island with climates elements that affects on the elements.The second chapter included affected factors on the city temperatures It resulted from factors converging natural and human factors the most important factors are the natural bodies of water that divides the city into two parts, in addition to the impact of climate characteristics in the city, but the most important human population density and height of buildings and paved streets and green spaces in the city and traffic density, all these factors have significant impact degrees the temperature and relative humidity and wind speed. The third chapter included the thermal characteristics of the is ands This has resulted through afield study in addition to thermal Island Islands secondary Islands it was the highest thermal difference between the city center and the adjacent countryside through observations as it amounted to (5,9) in the (Al - Taha) the direction of the axis of orchards Eastern neighborhood, The highest difference between the center and the weather station in the city as it was (3,3m), The fourth chapter comfort Albaeumanak hih and guarantees the heat island in the city of Samwah And through the use of the presumption of cooling wind and figure to (Oligay), The study rest and in the autumn season (October).and In the spring season (April) while in summer (July) it not record the comfort area in Samawa city as a result of high temperature. There isnt any record in winter season (January) so the comfort area never record because of low temperature. Both need two months to some of the requirements of stirring antenna or moisturizing antenna or solar radiation.

التحليل المكاني للوفيات المسجلة في محافظة البصرة للمدة (1997 - 2009) == Spatial Analysis Of Recorded Mortality In The Governorate Of Basrah From 1997 To 2009

Author name: اسامة حميد مجيد السلطان
Supervisor name: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الوفيات الضلع الثاني المكمل لمثلث التغير السكاني كما تعد من اهم المؤشرات التي تعكس الاوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في اي مجتمع كان ومدى صحة ووعي سكانه ورفاهيتهم وهو ما يكسب الدراسة اهميتها. ان الهدف من الدراسة هو بحث ظاهرة الوفيات في محافظة البصرة للم | Mortality is just one side of the triangle of demographic variation. Moreover it is considered as one of the main effects that reflect the social and economic situations in any society in addition to the hygiene awareness and prosperity of the population. This is actually a good reason why this study is significant. The study aims at investigating the phenomenon of mortalities in the Province of Basrah from 1997 to 2009. Spatial - temporal variation is also covered in relation to districts and remote areas. The study relies on some measures of mortality to reveal this variation in relation to quality and age of the deceased people and the reasons behind death in relation to environment. The researcher made use of the bio - statistics records obtained from mortality registration department - Basrah health directorate. In addition, the researcher conducted field work to cover any shortage in the data. The study arrives at the conclusion that the number mortality cases is 104312 during the period of the study with a crude mortality average of 3.9 per 1000 with no regular temporal direction. The number of mortalities varies according to months of the year and seasons. The highest rate is in August and December whereas summer witnessed the highest rate of mortality. The mortality of males overwhelmed those of females with a rate of 57.7% for males and 42.3% for females. Age category of 65 and more registered the highest level of mortality with 33.3% followed by infants with 20% of the total mortality rate. There are 90138 mortality cases due to illness which represents 86.4% of the total number of mortalities. Circularity system diseases and blood diseases in addition to other diseases represent reason number one behind mortality with 31.1% followed by perinatal diseases that represent 18.1% of the total number. Accidents represent 13.6% whereas gun shots accidents represent 58.8% of the total number of accidents. The geographic distribution shows that Az - Zubair, Abu Al - Khaseeb and Shatt Al - Arab registered the highest rate of mortality. Climate - as represented by temperature degrees - is found to be as a main factor of mortality in the area of the study in comparison with other natural factors. Still, there are other factors that play a vital role in mortality like the level of education, vocation, income, marital status, residence, accommodation and health services presented.

دور الموانـئ التجارية العــراقية في تجارة العراق الخارجية للمدة 1997 - 2010 == The Role Of The Iraqi Commercial Ports In Iraq'S Foreign Trade For The Period 1997 - 2010

Author name: سهيلة صبيح ناصر المياحي
Supervisor name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Marine transportation is considered as a crucial economic front and it has a vital role in the economic development. It contributes to the transportation of goods and merchandise due to its unique properties that distinguishes from other means of transportation. Two thirds of the external trade is done through marine transportation. Iraq has a 65 klm coast that overlooks the Arabian gulf. This coast is the only port through which Iraq is connected to the world and through which, external trade is conducted. It has a pioneer role in external trade with the markets of the world. Consequently, some ports have been constructed along this coast. They are part of the transportation system. These ports include north Um Qasr , south Um qasr, Khor Al - Zubair, Abu Floos and Al - Ma’aqal. The present thesis aims at investigating the strategic importance of Iraqi trade ports anf the role they play in the external trade. This represents one of the pillars of Iraq economy and the development of these ports represents the development of the country. The study is comprised of five chapters. Chapter One deals with the historic development of Iraqi marine transportation. It consists of three sections. Section one deals with the development of parts. Section two tackles the classification of ports while section three shows the development of Iraqi transportation fleet. Chapter Two covers the human and natural barriers of marine transportation. Chapter Three outlines the orientation of marine transportation from 1997 to 2010. Chapter Four deals with the waiting columns (convoys) theory and its application in the ports of Iraq. Chapter Five shows the problems and barriers that Iraqi ports suffer from and the future expectations to Iraqi ports. The study ends with some conclusions and recommendations

الصناعات التحويلية في محافظة المثنى واقعها وافاقها المستقبلية == Manufacturing Industries In The Province Of Muthanna The Reality And Future Prospects A Thesis Submitted

Author name: ماهر حيدر نعيم الجابري
Supervisor name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The manufacturing of the most important economic activities that lead to building an economic base sophisticated and technically advanced, scientifically and technology, and then Thaoh greater opportunities for economic progress of any country. This study examined the reality of the manufacturing industries in Muthanna province, which is located in the southwestern part of Iraq and for the period from 1980 to 2009. Gained this study significance through several things most important is the lack of a similar study at the county level, and also in order to draw a clear vision for the future of these industries, and through working knowledge of relative importance, and to study its components geographical, and stand on their geographical distribution by identifying the structure, and relational knowledge of the relationship between them and the basic Mrtkzadtha, and then detect the size of the ingredients of the investor in order to detect the surplus, in order to develop plans and investment policies studied. This study relied on government data, in addition to relying on information from some books and university studies, as well as the data and information collected by the field study. The study found several results, including the province of Muthanna located at the site of a good geographical mediates between the southern provinces and the central provinces, and also contain elements of natural geographic and human and that played a big role in the endemicity of these industries, and through its geological and diverse water resources permanent normal runoff and extensive ground spaces, also contain population numbers is one of the important sources of manpower, and the province has a network composed of transfer of the railway network and major and minor ways. And diversified industrial structure of manufacturing through the diversity of sizes institutions between large, medium and small, and return most of the ownership of these institutions to the private sector, except for some institutions that belong to the public sector, either the geographical distribution of these industries has shown us that most manufacturing industries are concentrated in the centers of the province and especially center Elimination of Samawah, which contained the highest ratios. Turning to the issue of problems faced by these industries has show us that it suffers from several problems affected directly and indirectly in their work, which led to the impact on their production due to the loss of most of its energies design, and the most serious problems generated by these industries is the problem of environmental pollution and Assorted three air, water and ground. When resorting to the use of Electronic Calculator by program spss show that manufacturing ties differentiated between positive and reverse with factored Home, revealed by knowing the amount of saturation of these industries of what makes geographical presence amount of the surplus of the ingredients is an investor, which opens the door to future prospects have. The most important recommendations that are considered by the researcher is necessary from the point of view is to work on opening specialized centers working to make the necessary studies and different and providing guidance task for industrial process and to open training courses for workers in industries in order to develop their technical skills, and intensify efforts to invest and exploitation of natural resources , and the exploitation of the geographical location of the province by opening an international border port, and finally work on the development of manufacturing technology and technically.

الصناعات النفطية واثارها التنموية في جنوب العراق == Petroleum Industries And Their Effects On Development In Southern Iraq

Author name: حميد عطية عبد الحسين الجوراني
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Located the study area in the southern part of Iraq (Basra, Maysan, Dhi Qar) on an area of (48,042) km 2 and forms (11%) of the area of total Iraq of amounted to (434,128) km 2, and that this area contains the natural resources the most important crude oil and gasnormal with an estimated oil reserve where b (192 143) million barrels distributed in (28) oil fields, including (15) oil fields productive and contain known reserves of oil estimated at (82.380) million barrels up to the 2009 accounts for 71.6% of the total proven eserves f Iraq of amounted to (115) billion barrels. And also contains large quantities of natu gas reserves associated with crude oil up to (1802) billion M3 by 56.8% of the total reserves of Iraq (3170) billion M3.The study aimed to clarifying the role of oil industries in the development in the south of Iraq, and monitoring development indicators of occurring in the Maritime Transport (Oil Tankers Co.), and land transport (transport of oil products and the workers in the oilindustries), and the sanitary and , educational aspects, and the amounts spent on the purchase of water and electricity. The study also aimed at clarifying the impact of the development of oil industries in southern Iraq, on the standard of living of people throughemployment on permanent and temporary scales, and the provide housing for workers and entertainment facilities for than and their families and the rest of the population, along with other development indicators brought about by the oil industries in southern Iraq. The study concluded the correlation of industrial production and technical and service between the oil industry in southern Iraq as well as with other industries in central and northern Iraq through the mutual benefit between the companies' products such as crude oil and natural gas, which the company of the Southern Oil and Maysan Oil the South Refineries Company and Southern Gas as well as provide of other key material in petrochemicals, fertilizers, power plants to benefit from products other companies havecreated. The emergence of oil industry in the development in southern Iraq by monitoring indicators of development taking place in health, education and labor and their monthly income and the provision of housing, as well as the varying geographic effects of thedevelopment caused by the oil industry in the provinces of the south, is because most of these industries are located in the province, as well as a variation in the impact of development for each oil company especially on the service sector in the establishment anddevelopment of infrastructure in the provinces of southern Iraq and in particular the province of Basra.The study has com out with the following results : 1 - The oil industry to the periods of deterioration due to wars fought by Iraq, as well as the economic blockade imposed by the United Nations and chaos in economic sectors including the oil sector after the 2003 war, affecting the instability of crude oil productionand fluctuation, when it had reached a peak rate (3.5) million barrels per day in December 1979 before the Iran - Iraq war, fell to the rate of (1.2) million barrels per day in 1984 and then rose before August 1990 to (2.785) million barrels per day and then decreased to therate of (2) million barrels per day After the 2003 war and the impact of this negative impact on the oil industry and the annual resources of the general budget in Iraq.2 - Abundant reserves the fields of southern Iraq, such as giant field Rumaila South in (14,833.4) million barrel West Qurna field (13,013.3) million barrels, and North Rumaila (12,158) million barrels, as well as abundant reserves in thr fields producing crude oil and(66163) million barrels in 2009 compared to the accumulated output amounted to (16,954) million barrels for the same year in which a proportion of only 25% of the total reserve, and this confirms that the fields of the are pristine, despite the discovery of most of them in the middle of the twentieth century. This confirms the hypothesis at the point (1). 3 - The diversity in oil densite in southern Iraq from oil - heavy degree of 22° - 24° API Knaft (field Artawi 21° API and the field of Abu west of 23° API) and the average 30 ° API Knaft (field Allhis 32° API and a field Halfaya 32° API) and light oil 34° Knaft API (thefield of Nasiriyah 34° API and the North Rumaila field, 35° and 36° API Zubair Bin Umar 50° API) and the latter is lighter types of oils in the world. This diversity has given flexibility in the movement of export and sale prices at the barrel.4 - The province of Basra, occupied the first place in thr producing fields and non - producing or under development in southern Iraq, amounting to (14) field out of the total (28) fields and by 50% of the total producing fields and non - producing or under development and the number of reservoirs (56) which are 60% of the total reservoir of productive and unproductive in southern Iraq, amounting to (93) reservoir oil, the province of Maysan, and by 39%, 32% of the number of fields and reservoirs producing and non - productive orunder development respectively, Dhi Qar was are anked the list, and by 11%, 8% the number of fields and reservoirs producing and non - producing or under development, respectively, until the year 2009.5 - Phases of the oil industry in southern Iraq from the drill up and manufacturing industries and service as well as the diversity are intearated the nature of the work of companies in the Southern Oil and Maysan Oil south, and service companies as the Iraqi Drilling,projects and oil tankers and petroleum products, and the hypothesis is confirmed by research at the point (2).6 - Is the cost of producing a barrel from the fields of southern Iraq is the lowest globally, as it amounted to 1408.130 IQD This provides additional resources to the state in the case of increasing the amount of export of crude oil.7 - The number of productive and non - producing or under development wells in southern Iraq are (1552) until 2009. (1508) afther are in productive fields dispersed on (15) productive oil fields and about (1064) productive wells and (290) wells for water injectionand (37) wells, and (117) are wells assessment which is compared to a few. This indicates that oil exploration is still at the embryonic stage and that the amount of proven oil reserves will increase with future drilling of new wells.8 - A large part of the natural gas produced of southern Iraq associated with crude is wasted burning because of the lack of stations CBS gas in southern Iraq and the (12) station only until the year 2009, for example, is produced from natural gas fields insouthern Iraq in 2009 amounted to (2.87) billion standard cubic feet and the burning of it (1.63) billion standard cubic feet by 56.8% of the quantity produced. this is a waste ofmoney on the national level.9 - The geographical distribution of the oil industry in southern Iraq, shows a lack of homogeneity for the units by, the focus around (70%) of the companies, the oil industry in the province of Basra and the number (5) companies and two distributed out of (8)companies and (6) branches, while the oil industry the remaining provinces of Maysan, Dhi Qar because the discovery of oil fields in Basra was early as fields Zubair and Rumaila North and South America and others, and which requires the establishment of companies, extractive and manufacturing and service companies because one of the conditions the oil industry is the integration.10 - It became clear that the volume of links front and rear of the oil industry is significant , as it spreads to the provinces of central and northern Iraq as well as the existence of the complexity of industrial relations production and service between the companies of the oil industry in southern Iraq, and this confirms the hypothesis point (4).11 - It became clear from the study that there is an impact of development of the oil of industry on the economic sector in southern Iraq throuhg local purchases from the public and private sectors and the money spent in the markets of the south ,which reached 2009(149,601.037) thousand dinars, and this underlines the point (3) the hypothesis of the research.12 - The amount of salary paid to the oil industry workers in southern Iraq (679,570.919) thousand dinars in 2009, while the amount of annual profits delivered to the workers and for the same year (288,907.340) thousand dinars.13 - The value of the annual revenues obtained by the companies of the oil industry (2,375,503.416) thousand dinars in 2009, compared to the amounts spent on projects investment plan annual and anchored mostly on private sector companies in southern IraqThe total allocations total oil industry in southern Iraq except oil company South (331766499122) dinars in 2009. 14 - The following the development is clear in the oil industry on the service sector in southern Iraq, including the transport as it benefited the private transport sector of the presence of the oil industry in southern Iraq, with a total cars leased in 2009 about (8500)car of which (7500) for the transfer of petroleum products and the remaining for the transfer of labor in the oil industry and the amounts paid for the transfer of employees (17578.924) thousand dinars in 2009.

محافظة المثنى : دراسة في الجغرافيا الاقليمية == Al - Muthana Governorate Study In Regional Geography

Author name: الاء شاكر عمران موسى الشمرتي
Supervisor name: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Geography emphases on studying and examining the places and discover the mutual relationship among them, which will directly effects the natural phenomenon and human being variations. The similarities and differentiations are discovered and revealed by studying the over - all regional walk - through. This considered the main point of focus because its indication of the joint and differentiation the human and natural phenomenon in the same place. Therefore, the regional studies are specialized of distinguishing the special properties of a specific terrain for a single union of both of human and natural phenomenon. The researched in this field in this field would investigate the different phenomenon in single specific terrain whether it is large or small and try to find an explanation for the economical and cultural thru understanding the differentiations among them and divide them into smaller units.The point of this study is to reveal the relationships, mutual and regional, among the different geographic aspects and show the effects of them in determining the significance of the region, in order to prove the similarities and differentiations for the components in it. The 1st part of this study comes with the theoretical wireframes; the 2nd is about the studying of the natural properties of the studied region. Whereas the 3rd is dealing with the properties of Muthanna province populations counting during the past years. The 4th part is about showing the most important economic activities took place in Muthanna province.The study would recommend expanding the scope of regional studies, for its ability to disclose the relationships, wideband data and facts and geographic date inspected and discovered

تباين تراكيز الغازات الملوثة لهواء محافظة بابل : دراسة في التلوث البيئي == Variation In The Concentrations Of Air Pollutant At Babylon Governorate (Study Of Environmental Pollution

Author name: شاكر عبد عايد
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ان الهدف من هذا البحث هو دراسة ظاهرة تلوث الهواء في محافظة بابل عن طريق دراسة تباين تراكيز الغازات الملوثة للهواء في المحافظة من خلال عدد من المحطات التي تقيس تراكيز مجموعة من الغازات. فضلا عن دراسة التباين الكمي والنوعي للملوثات الجوية المتساقطة فوق مح | The purpose ( objective ) of this research is studying air pollution phenomena Bahylan governorate through studying the vanatins the concentrations of air pollntntnts the governorate through some stations which measure the concentrations of gases and also studying the quality and quantity differences for polluters that falling over Bahylan govenorate during 2010 through some source locations that are distributed in city center and some other places. For this purpose, reported hinformation ( the ministry of environment governorate , the Iraqi air information , the quality of air in Babylan environment governorate during 2010 were used. The lowest and the highest limits and yearly average for each kind of polluters as well as the quantity of falling dust at each location during the months of study year were stand by using anautomatic absorbition tool to measure the concentrations of heavy elements that mixed with dust during the seasons. The human and natural factors and how much they influence wpon ari pollutants at Babylon were standed too.The increasing of the concentrations of air pollutants at Babylon is caused by natural and human reasons with granted eldeat to the human factors which is represented by industry , transportation , population and agriculture. The location of the city which is neighbor to some governorates has a big role in driver these governorates by wind.Factors adhering air pollution at Babylon governorate are : 1 - The astronomical location specified the climate features to Babil governorate which it lies in the centre of Iraq made it influenced by the climate of middle Iraq which is hot and dry ( BW) which reflected on the other natural factors and it role to influence the distribution and concentration of air polluters 2 - The geographical location of Baghdad , Anbar and Karbalaa which are next to Babil made the area of study influences by pollutant which are poured from these governorate whether they are natural like dusty storms or human like industrial waste which the wind played a vital role to transport them to the study area. 3 - The area of study has a property which is plane surface and average about ( 0,23 ) meter per Kilometers towards northwest , southwest , and also the existence of surface water by. Euphrates and its feeds and also the dependence of population on it for the first place in the area of study for lack of rain 4 - The climate has a negative role in the of the problem because of high degree of heat and the increasing of steaming and the lack of rain , all that led to draught of soil and break down. Also the lack of natural greenery contributed increasing of naked soil wind for the autumn of dust and sandwich they are air pollutants, and for the hot climate influence on high of elements and gases by the influence of sun races from the light chemical to change the gases into elements more harmful on air pollution 5 - The soil of soft muddy area in the river's shoulders and the bad drainage pools was more resistant to naked wind operation and less influence on air pollution , while the sandy soil especially in the south east of the governorate was less wet and catch up was less resistant for wind naked was more influence in increasing air pollution. 6 - For water resources positive influence in reducing of research problem in the dry climate area study through absorbing air pollutants and find a agricultural areas and natural greenery which descending on rivers shoulders , but this factor has lost much of its influence in protecting the air out of pollution because of man's role and there was not any role to the deep water in the agriculture in the area of study 7 - It has appeared that the increasing in population has a big role in the previous problem , the population in Babylon governorate during 2010 reached ( 1712329 ) which required civilized enlargement opposite to green areas and increasing the quantity of waste materials out of population different activities also acting negatively towards environment. 8 - The planted area in the study area in 2009 - 2010 has reached about ( 773355 ) acres that reduces during the summer season which the air pollution become higher through it. On the other side this activity has an influence through finding different air polluters for example injunction seeds , using agricultural killer , chemical and organic and also the wrong agricultural styles and wrong shepherding which made this activity one of the reasons of air pollution. 9 - For the transportation field role in increasing the problem of the research where the number of vehicles increased the study area from ( 1481 ) in 1977 to ( 128270 ) in 2010 while some of these3 vehicles are old and they use bad quality of power ( petrol ). The large number of these vehicle on roads and streets solid obstacles in the city center in making the pollutors more concentrate in these areas. 10 - The industrial activity in the , but the affect of it differs from one industry to another where the industrial field in the area of study is the most important human activities that affects in the research problem but the degree of its affection differed from one industry to another resource like ( gas oil and gas ) as an elementary this is the most polluters to the air and the building industry has a big role in increasing air pollution by the polluters which are poured by this industry in the areas where they are found or the near by areas and also the food industry which increases the problem of air pollution.11 - In Babil's university station it has been appeared that the higher monthly a verge gases constration ( O3 , No2 , So2 ) with constrations ( 0. 36 - 0.25 - 0.12 )ppm consequently 12 - It has been appeared that the higher monthly for the following gases consitration ( Co2 - NO ) ( 499. 886 , 0.2 ) consequently ppm by Abu Khistawy station 13 - Hamza Al - deli area has shoed higher levels for gases constrations ( CH4 , CO ) ppm ( 8. 19 , 1.14 ) ppm consequently 14 - Nadir quarter in Al - Hilla city shoed the largest amount of dust Falling are Babil during the year of study where it became (841.554 gram /m2/ year ).15 - It has appeared that the higher on sentration of (pb ) (100.48 miligram /m3 ) in Sinjar area in Hilla 16 - The highest concentration of ( Cu ) ( 71.42 miligram /m3 ) and it is registration in Nadir area in Hilla 17 - The measurement location in Mehaweel showed the highest concentration of iron and cadimuim ( 71. 93 , 872. 35 miligram /m3 ) consequently.

الامكانات الجغرافية ومدى ملاءمتها لزراعة محاصيل حقلية مقترحة في قضاء شط العرب

Author name: ابراهيم علي العيساوي
Supervisor name: منعم مجيد حمد الحمادة | وليد عبد الرضا جبيل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The suggested field produces are regarded as strategic economical produces for their importance to fulfill a great deal of food consumption needs of population , and decrease the necessity of import from the outside , via ensuring food security in addition to the provision of raw materials which are involved in most of the industries that can be developed not in Shatt Al - Arab district only , but also in the whole governorate Basrah as well , especially that these produces are characterized by their diversity of uses in food and industry.The current study aims at shedding some light on the geographical , natural and human potentialities of Shatt Al - Arab district. It also investigates whether these potentialities are suitable for planting such produces like cereal produces ( Maze Indialu Corn , grain Sorghum Corn and Porso Millet ) , the Oleic produces (Sesame , Sunflower , and Safflower) , bean produces (Broad Bean , Dry Bean Cowpeas and green gram ) , and feed produces (Oats , Alfalfa , and Birds Foot trefoil ). Moreover , it tackles the most prominent problems that may face the planting of such produce , and the best ways to get rid of the problems for the purpose of developing and expanding the planting of these produces.The study involves three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to deal with the Geographical potentialities of Shatt Al - Arab district , the first chapter has been divided into two sections one the hand. The first deals with Natural geographical potentialities represented by the Geographical Location , geographical formation , surface and climatic properties , soil and water resources. On the other hand , The second section is concerned with the geographical as well as the human potentialities of the district represented by working hands , watering and perforation systems , the planting operations , and the Agricultural policy and transportation.The second chapter has been divided into three sections , all of which handle a certain aspect. The first section has tackled the economic importance of the suggested field produces.the second focuses on the natural necessities of these produces from the light term , The basic heat limits , the quality of the soil up to their watering needs. whilst ,the third section has dealt with the human and agricultural necessities of these produces , in which it involved the best ways of planting and the most significant classes that can suit this district such as the amount of seeds , the fertilizers , and cropping for the purpose of having the best quality and quality of these produce.Concerning the third chapter , it has been divided into three main section. the first has revealed the natural problems that might be effecting the process of the planting of the suggested field produce. Those problems are represented by the climatic problems and the leaving problems that Shat Al - Arab and the surrounding watering channels are suffered from. Also , it is not to forget the human problems represented by the lack of efficiency of the watering systems , as they do not suit the needs of those produces. In addition to that , there is a problem of increasing the rate of saltiness and the rabbis. They are regarded as natural results to the military operations. And these results are regarded as the largest obstruction that face the management of planting the suggested field produces. The second section has been dealt with the best ways to resolve these problems and assist the process of planting of these produce.Finally , I can conclude that Shat Al - Arab district is characterized by a great deal of potentialities. Those Geographical potentialities that qualify the planting of certain produce , especially grain Sorghum Corn , Safflower and Cotton , and also the feed produce as they cannot stand the dryness , the high rates of saltiness in soil , these two problems are regarded as the main problems effecting the process of planting Shat Al - Arab district. Moreover , it become obvious that furrow way of planting can be considered as the perfect way suiting those produces. The reason is typically related to its role to decrease the lost of water , also it declines the saltiness rates except in the case of feed produce. Because in the case of feed produce , it is noticed that wing panels and using the dropping of water can guarantee the expansions in the planting of the suggested field produces.

تحليـل بيئـي للعوامل الجغرافية المؤثرة في كميـة ونوعية المتـساقطات الجـوية في محافظة ذي قار : دراسة في التلوث البيئي == Environmental Analysis To Geographical Factors Influential In The Quantity And Quality Of Fallen Air In Dhi - Qar Governorate A Study In Environmental Pollution

Author name: زياد وهاب احمد
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي | بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The subject matter is connected with ecology and from this point it gets its importance, because it is the place that the living things are live and reacting with each other positive and negairly.The existence of the falling meteorics in an environment of the study place is connected with human and natural factors which contributed in away or another in the increase or the decrease the a mount of the falling dust on certain place rather than another.The first chapter tackles some of the environmental scientific concepts and method which has been followed for writing the thesis.The second chapter is talking a bout the geographical natural factors which caused the variation of the quality and the quantity of the falling meteorics in the study field.The third chapter is a bout the human factors which caused the variation of the quality and quantity of the falling meteorics.The fourth chapter is analyses the environmental circumstances which were behind the variation of falling meteorics among the places of the study field.The fifth and final chapter is displaying the environmental circumstances which are in charge of the variation of the falling meteorics in the suburbs of the study field.This study can be considered as the first environmental study that shows the quality and the quantity of the falling dust and rain on THI - QAR province, the study used the analytic method which based upon the quantative description and explanation for the information and data of subject matter of the research.The study made it obvious that the environmental situation of THI - QAR, and its influence upon the falling meteorics has several results which are : 1 - The natural geographical and human factors have a great deal of contribution in determining the quality and the quantity of the falling meteorics in the study field, but the influence of each factor differs from the other, not only that but it differs from one factor another in the same group.2 - Climate is considered one of most influencial natural factor in the subject of the study, because of the increase of temperature level, the amount of evaporation, and the scanty humidity that the soil contains, the shortage or fluctuation of the quantity of the rain the thing that made it easier for north - west wind to carry the tiny particle of the broken, especially from the sedimentary plain.which represents (90%) percent out of the whole area of the province which facilitated the flow of the wind because of its plainly spreading from the north the south. Therefore, the influence of climatic characteristics is direct on the soil, because most of the lands in the study field are lacking the natural plants which can from a protecting shield its surface.3 - The direct adjoining of this province to provinces like, AL - MUTHANA, AL - QADISYA, and AL - WASIT, participated in helping the tiny particles of the dust to reach this place, and this is very obvious through the increase of the amount of the falling dust on the northern and the north - east of the study field, because of the domination of the barren land which represent most of the lands province, that their influences reached the study field because of the north - east wind.4 - The increase of the aquatic surface areas in the southern and the south - east parts palys an important role reducing the amount of the falling dust on these parts, because the suburbs and regions which took the first stage in the minimum amount of the falling dust are those whom the marshes and pools occupy most of their lands, which became typical sediment places to the tiny particles of dust and soil contrary to the northern and north - west parts which lacks that.5 - The man with his activities has a negative role fundamentally in the work of the natural influences, that is to say, the increase of the desert in a formidable areas of the study field, which made it a fundamental source supply the air with dust.The un availability of plantation projects and stabilizing the sand dunes, or the uncovered soil especially in the northern and north - west of the province, in addition to the weak agricultural consciousness regarding the land administration, and not following the system of (agricultural cycle) and the bad grazing until the agricultural activity because unable to play its fundamental role in reducing the flying dust, add to that the distant of the unuseful land for plantation is (2448472)d.m leave only (15%) percent invested land for season 2006 - 20076 - The beginning of industry that the study field witnessed played two roles simultaneously,Firstly it has not any influence on the level of purity of the rain water in an advanced way, because of the small amount of issuing gases that the factories produced.Secondly a percentage of the chemical elements dust and then sediment with it.7 - The transportation roads contributed in causing most of the rising dust and exists in the suburbs and areas of the study field, that because of the huge number of the unpaved streets, which reached (2087)k.m which is six times bigger than the paved streets, and even those paved streets became unuseful for moving and transporting these streets issuing the dust as soon as any transportation medium pass through or even if the wind moves.The transportation media from vehicles and motorbikes are responsible for the existence of lead and cadmium with the tiny particles of the dust, and its percentage increased the centers of there suburbs, because of the high population which is connected with the number of transportation media, we should know that producing the exhausted things close to the land surface supporting the speed to sediment of it with the falling dust.8 - The influence of the places out of the study field was very obvious through moving the tiny particles of dust from the close surrounding provinces, or from the desert of the neighbouring countries like Saudi Arabia and Egypt, and that is a natural thing because we are dealing with an atmosphere that is opened to the climatic variation.9 - The amount of the falling dust was increased during summer because of the climatic characteristics mainly adding to that the rest of the geographical factors mentioned above.Secondly come the influence of the autumn which is less than summer because of the gradual change of the climate to study field, and the drop of the temperature and the increased of humidity especially inside the soil as well as the reduction of the wind speed.The spring season came thirdly because of the similar characterizes with autumn, since they are transitional seasons between summer and winter, whereas winter is the less season of issuing falling dust due to maximum drop of temperature degree and the increase of humidity.10 - Locations like ( AL - BATHAA, SOUTH OF AL - NASSRIA CITY, SOQ AL - SHIUOKH) had witnessed the high scored amount of the falling dust through the observatory seasons, because of the direct connection with provinces like (AL - MUTHANA and AL - QADISYA), moreover it represents the sediment place for the dusty storms that come from the neighboring countries.11 - The amount of the falling dust was reduced during the observative mothes at the southern, south - east and, the eastern parts of the study field due to the vast size of the marshes and pools or the big distance of the agricultural lands in places like ( AL - TAR, GARMAT BENY SAEED, AL - AKEEKA, AL - FHOOD, URE, AL - HAMMAR, AL - DAWAYA, SAYED DIKHEEL, AL - ISLAAH, and AL - CHIPAYESH) in addition to its distance of the northern and north - west parts.12 - The amount of the falling rain increased during autumn and winter and the beginning of spring and there were to high scores to the rain fall, the first was at winter in (December) (81) mm, the other one was at spring in (march) (75.8)mm, and that is connected with the meteoric subdued, which is responsible of the rain fall on the study field.While during (February and may) there was aridity which reduce the soil humidity.13 - The concentration of the chemical elements was sort of close between the observative seasons, but the difference lies between the variation of places.Concerning lead and cadmium, their percentage is stable during the seasons of the year except in spring there was increase in the lead level in comparing with the rest of seasons.Whereas the iron scores the highest concentration in comparing with the other chemical elements, due to the dusty storms which brought it from the neighboring countries, causing this increase in its level which was stable between the seasons.While (nickel and copper)have almost the same level at over the four seasons of observation and (nickel) witness decrease in its level during spring in comparing with the other seasons.Uranium have no existence in any place, which means that it is the only element that stable value during the hole period of observation, and to be existed it needs to a measuring process for a location that indured a military a tack.14 - The level of chemical elements especially (lead and cadmium) in the centre of suburbs and regions which have big population, which increase the size of contaminators which produced through using the transportation media or burning the trash.The rest of the elements varied in their concentration from location to another.15 - The value of the hydrogenic (s) of the falling rain water (pH) within the ecologic acceptable limits, hence, between the less value scored in (AL - SHATTRA) during (march) (4.9) to the highest value scored (November) (7.6), the first value is much more acidic while the other is close to be even.The reason behind the increase of the acidic or base level due the amount of the contaminators in the air, from gases or vapor, didn’t reach to the risky environment stage.

دراسة مناخية لتكرار الظواهر الجوية (الغيوم والعواصف الرعدية والبرد) في العراق == Climatic Study Of The Recurrence Of Atmospheric Phenomena : Clouds, Thunder Storms And Hails In Iraq

Author name: رحيم عيدان فضيل العطافي
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الى دراسة تكرار الظواهر الجوية الغيوم، والعواصف الرعدية، والبرق، والبرد وعلاقة بعضها ببعض في العراق للمدة من 1991 - 2002 م في جهات القطر المختلفة وتحليل العوامل التي تقرر حدوثها وتوزيعها الجغرافي وعلاقة بعضها ببعض من اجل اعطاء صورة حقيقية عن طب | This study aims at studying the recurrence of atmospheric phenomena like clouds, thunder storms, lightning and hails, and their relation with each other. In Iraq between 19991 - 2002 in different areas of the country it also aims at analyzing the factors that decide their occurrence together with their geographic distribution and their relation with each other to give a realistic image of the nature of atmospheric phenomena in addition to specifying the time and places in which they occur during the and place distinction. This is due to the fact that these phenomena have positive and negative impacts on different sides of life. his study falls into four chapters with different sections. First chapter deals with studying the influential factors in atmospheric phenomena (clouds, thunder storms and the phenomena of lightning and hails) represented by the solar radiation, temperature, humidity, winds, jet currents, air masses, and low atmosphere. Chapter two deals with studying the atmospheric phenomena recurrence (clouds, thunder, storms, and the phenomena of lightning and hails). This chapter consists of four sections : Section one deals with studying clouds : the factors responsible foe low, mid and high duds formation , their types and geographic distribution. Section two deals with studying thunder storms, outspread weather that accomplices rainy and non - rainy thunder storms, and their geographical destruction. Section three deals with studying lighting phenomena, lighting formation , types of lightning and their geographic distribution. Section four deals with studying hail phenomena, hail formation and their geographic distribution. Chapter three consists of three section : Section one deals with studying the relationship between low clouds and rainy and non - rainy thunder storms and the phenomena of lightning and hails. Section two deals with studying the relationship between mid, clouds and rainy and non - rainy thunder storms, and the phenomena of lightning and hails. Section three deals with studying the relationship between high - clouds and rainy and non - rainy thunder storms , and the phenomena of lightning and hails. Section four deals with studying the relationship between clouds rising and rainy non - rainy thunder storms, and the phenomena of lighting and hails. During this study of the recurrence of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, thunder storms, and the phenomena of lightning and hails) in Iraq , many facts are revealed and summarized as : 1 - Multiplicity of factors responsible for the formation atmospheric phenomena (clouds, thunder, storms, lighting and hails). 2 - There is time place conflict for clouds , thunder storms, lighting and hails among areas included in this study

الملائمة المكانية لكفاءة التخطيط الحضري واثرها على السكان في مدينة البصرة == Spacial Suitability Of Urban Planning Efficiency And Its Impact On People Of Basrah City

Author name: وسن نوشي محمد المنصوري
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The main purpose behind studying the special suitability to the urban planning efficiency and its impact on people of Basra city is to reveal which factors are more influential on population changes and how to handle the short comings to provide an urban environment suitable for living. To achieve the goal of this, it's divided into three chapters together with the results. Chapter one deals with some of the people characteristics of Basra city and their impacts represented by studying environment population growth since 1947 until 2008 changing numerical and proportional distribution of people of the city and the life span and qualitative structure. Chapter two deals with using of the urban lands of Basra city and the relationship between the origins of planning and the existing reality. Chapter three deals with the restrictions of urban growth of Basra city whether these restrictions are natural or human. After collection, classification and analysis of the in some conclusions regarding Basra city, the current study reveals that there is : - 1) An increase in population of Basra city since 1947 until 2008 continuously.2) A conflict between uses of urban land and the oversteps that there impacts are reflected in the process of providing different services like overstepping the commercial, industrial, educational and religious uses over residential uses and vice versa, where overstepping of the residential almost exceeds (3271) houses.3) An apparent shortage in educational services and the city needs additional (158) kindergarten, (64) primary schools and (71) secondary schools.4) An apparent traffic congestion that the city witnesses for it's bared with roads and street that don't rise to level of the city planning in addition an increase in the car numbers and the lack of car parking. 5) Natural and human restrictions that decrease urban growth of Basra city. The most significant one is the human factor represented by the state policy in directing urban growth towards south - west part of the city.6) No actual execution of the conditions of the wars, unavailable of the financial specifications and misbehavior of administration

التباين المكاني لحالات الزواج والطلاق لسكان محافظة كربلاء للمدة من 2005 - 2016 == Spatial Variation Of Marriages And Divorces Of The Population Of The Province Of Karbala, For The Period Of 2015 - 2016

Author name: رؤوف رحمن رمضان الخفاجي
Supervisor name: احمد حمود محيسن السعدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: يهتم علم الجغرافيا بدراسة الظواهر المختلفة على سطح الارض وتحديد ابعادها المكانية والزمانية، وحالات الزواج والطلاق من الظواهر التي لها الدور الاكبر في حياة السكان، اما جغرافية السكان فكان لها نصيب من الاهتمام بدراسة هاتان الظاهرتان لما لهما من خصوصية في ا

التحليل الجغرافي لاثر العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في السلوك الانجابي للمراة في قضاء الديوانية : دراسة في الجغرافية الاجتماعية == The Geographic Analysis For The Effect Of The Social And The Economic Factors In The Procreative Behavior For Women In Al - Diwaniya District (A Study In The Social Geography)

Author name: هند عبد الله جواد الحمداوي
Supervisor name: حسين عذاب عطشان الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الى الكشف عن مظاهر السلوك الانجابي للمراة في قضاء الديوانية ومعرفة اهم العوامل التي اثرت في هذا السلوك، والتي ادت الى اختلاف مظاهره من مكان لاخر، ثم توضيح معدلات الخصوبة السكانية التي تنتج عن السلوك الانجابي للمراة في قضاء الديوانية وهو واحد | The study aims at discovering the indicators of the procreative behavior for women in AL - Diwaniya District. It also aims at discovering the factors that affect on this behavior and that lead to the difference in its indicators from a place to another.Then , it clarifies the ratios of populated fertility that are produced by the procreative behavior for women in AL - Diwaniya District. It is one of four district which are included in AL - Qadisiya Governorate. It is located to the north of AL - Qadisiya province and it consists of four administrative units (the centre and AL - Saniya , AL - Shafiaya and AL - Daghara district). To achieve this study , we use some quantitative methods. We use the Link Factor for Berson and the Equation of Multi - Steps Regression to clarify the relation between the social and economic factors and the procreative behavior for woman that is represented by the separation between births, The study depends on the results of the general enumeration for population in 1997. It completes its data through the field study in 2014 that is represented by the questionnaire. I designed a questionnaire form and distributed it on a sample of people that reached to size (752) family. I chose them according to accredited statistical methods for choosing the best sample. The study is divided into an introduction and four chapters. The first chapter includes the populated characteristics for the study area. The second chapter includes the geographical distribution for the indicators of the procreative behavior for woman in AL - Diwaniya District. In the third chapter I talk about the geographical distribution for the ratios of populated fertility. The fourth chapter includes the social and economic factors that affect on the procreative behavior for woman. Also, I examined the effect of these factors statistically by using some of the statistical methods. The study reached to some results. One of them is that the procreative behavior for women takes many forms. They are ( the delay of the first birth , the desire of procreation , the separation between births , the stoppage of procreation and the use of family organization’s means). The procreative behavior which is represented by the separation between births is more comprehensive because it has strong relations with the other phenomena. The woman who separates between birth doesn’t want to procreate and stops gradually. She always delays the first birth and uses family organization’s means for separation. The study’s result also shows the correlation between the procreation’s desire and its continuity between women. Its ratios reached to (46?) and (42,4?) respectively. These ratios raised in the rural environment and decreased in the urban. The unwilling of procreation between women is connected with its continuity. Its ratios reached to (54?) and (57,6?) respectively. These ratios raised in the urban environment and decreased in the rural. It is obvious that the ratio of women who separate between births is high and reached to (65,9?) in comparison with those who don’t separate between births where it reached to (34,1?). In the urban environment , the ratio of women who separate between births increased and decreased in the rural environment. It reached to (81,9?) and (32,2?) respectively. In addition to that , it is clear that a few ratio of married women became pregnant and procreated through the first year of their marriage and it reached to (35,6?) of the total. This ratio decreased in the urban and increased in the rural. The decline in the urban belongs to that the procreative culture for urban women is high because of their developed level of education ;therefore ; they tend to delay the first birth. Also, the ratio of women who use the means of procreation ‘s organization raised and reached to (66,2?). This ratio raised in the urban and decreased in the rural and this belongs to the encouragement of procreation in the rural environment because of the decline in the educational level for woman in this environment and their prevailing habits and traditions which encourage procreation. The study showed that the ratios of populated fertility raised in general. And it showed that the woman in AL - Diwaniya District follows procreative behavior which leads to the decline of procreation. This indicates that the woman doesn’t stop procreation unless she gets the required number of babies. The ratio of procreative behavior for woman in AL - Diwaniya District represents the time of holding the field study while fertility is the result of previous procreation behavior. If we follow the spatial differences for woman’s procreative behavior and its real fertility, we can see that there is inverse relation between them. When the ratio of women who separate between births raised, the ratio of fertility decreased as it is shown in the centre of AL - Qadisiya and AL - Daghara Districts where the ratio of women who separate between births raised and the average of fertility decreased. In addition to that , the study shows through the statistical analysis that there is extreme relation between the procreation behavior which is represented by(separation between births ) and all the changes which are represented by (living by rent). The ratio of those who live by rent reached to (24,8?) and {( the area of the living units )(150m² or less)}. The ratio of people who live in houses their areas less than (150m²) is (22,2?). And (the educational level for women) which is represented by those who get the preparatory certificate reached to (21,8?). This ratio raised in the urban environment. It reached to (29,3?) and decreased in the rural where it reached to (6?). And (those who get the college degree and higher),their ratio reached to (27,9?).In addition to the population of working women. The statistical analysis shows that there is a reversal relation between(separation between births) and the changes which are represented by (the number of rooms in the living unit) (3 rooms and less).The population of people who live in houses which consist of (3 rooms and less) is (64,4?). And (the educational level) which is represented by (women who don’t get any scientific certificate) which means those who read and write only. Their ratio reached to (24,5?). This indicates that the educational level in AL - Diwaniya District is still low. This ratio decreased in the urban environment and raised in the rural one. And (women working in agriculture), their ratio reached to (4,9?). And(women who marry in early age) (19 years), their ratio reached to (26,9?) of the total. This ratio raiseds significantly in the rural areas and reached to (67,1?). And (families with low income) (about 200,000 or less), their ratio reached to (36,4?). This level of income concentrates in the country. The procreative behavior for woman is not the result of the effect of one factor. Each factor affects the procreative behavior in certain ratio. This ratio differs from a woman to another and from an environment to another because the procreative behavior for the woman is the result of the effects of these factors and there may be other factors which are not discovered yet. The statistical analysis shows strong links between the factors that affect the procreative behavior. Therefore, reversal relations appeared between the income and the population of people who live by rent and extreme relations between the income and the area of the living unit and the number of rooms there. There is also reversal relation between the education and the early marriage , and between the functional work and the early marriage. Also, there is extreme relations between the agricultural job and the early marriage. The study clarifies through the application of the Function Gradient which is used for determining the changes that interpreted the procreative behavior for woman that the factors such as (the number of room in the living unit , women who get the preparatory certificate and those who get the college degree) interpreted about(99?) from the changes in the procreative behavior for woman which is represented by (separation between births). This doesn’t mean that the other factors don’t affect the procreative behavior but they have indirect effects through their effect in the factor of (the number of the rooms and education). Therefore, the income has a strong relation with the number of the rooms in the living unit and with the educational level. The education also affects on the age of marriage and the kind of job that the woman does

التحليل المكاني لنمو سكان قضاء الشامية للمدة (1987 - 2010) == Spatial Analysis For Population Growing In Al - Shameya District (1987 - 2010)

Author name: نبيل مراد صالح الحميداوي
Supervisor name: حمادي عباس حمادي الشبري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: Determined aim of this thesis in the study of population growth in AL - Shamiya District, to Al - Qadisiya governorate, which covers an area of about (948) Km2 and accounts by (11.6%) of the total amount of space preservation (8153) Km2, the population of the District, according to the (2010) population estimates about (235381) people, the importance of the study of population growth as a vital and essential subject matter of population community in AL - Shamiya District in order to detect the spatial and temporal variability of scientific and serious attempt to determine the prospects for growth and its impact on community development plans in the District population. The study looked at two main periods of population growth in AL - Shamiya District in the context of the study was the first stage between (1987 - 1997), the annual growth rate of (3%) while the second stage between(1997 - 2007) the growth rate of (3%) also, In the third stage between (2007 - 2010) can showed decreasing the growth rate about (1.5%). The study also revealed disparity in population growth according to the environment as the population growth rate in the District attended in the first period (2.3%) and (8.9%) for second period, but in the countryside it has been the growth rate stood at (3.3%) in the first term and the second term was also (3.4%) variation appeared in the annual population growth rate between administrative units for my part, as acquired Ghammas - AL - Mihanawiya the highest rate of growth in the first period amounted to (3.2% , 3.9%) for each respectively, in the second period each of the district center and Al - Mihnawiya the highest rate of growth was (1.4%) provides and (2.0%) respectively, the lowest rate of growth recorded in the first period in the district center, amounting to (2.8%) and the lowest rate in the second period was in my part Ghammas and authority, amounting to (0.8% and 1.04%) each respectively, the study also varied that there is a trend towards an increase in the growth of the population the District depend on the nature increasing and the spatial movement of population, she pointed out a discrepancy in the rates of population growth temporally between the duration of census and other spatially between the administrative unit and the other on Urban and Rural level and between males and females in the study area as the future forecast indicates that there is an increase in the size of the population in the District, the study showed that the three components of population growth (Births, Deaths and Net migration) have contributed to the growth of the population of the District and at different rates during the period (1987 - 2010), the increase in the population in the District has contributed to the migration factor and a clear contribution, the study included three chapters as well as the introduction and conclusion and its contents from the conclusions and recommendations or proposals have included the first chapter included two sections the first section (Theoretical and conceptual framework of the study), the second section handled (Natural geographical characteristics of the study area) and the second chapter (The general trend of population growth in Al - Shamiya District) and it included a search in the first two sections (Population growth trends in Al - Shamiya District) while taking second section (Deferential spatial growth of the population for the administrative unity in Al - Shamiya District), the third chapter deals with (The effect of dynamic spatial movement in natural population growth in Al - Shamiya District) and included the first two sections deals with (Vital natural movement) and the second topic deals with (Spatial movement of population migration)

واقع الاستيطان الريفي في ناحية السنية وامكانية تنميته == The Reality Of Rural Settlement In Sunni Hand And The Possibility Of Development

Author name: حنين حميد عبد الميالي
Supervisor name: رضا عبد الجبار سلمان الشمري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف هذه الرسالة الى الكشف عن واقع الاستيطان الريفي في ناحية السنية التابعة لمحافظة القادسية والتعرف على الامكانيات المتاحة لتنمية الاستيطان الريفي فيها, والنهوض بواقعه من خلال توفير الخدمات الاجتماعية والقيام بالمشاريع الاقتصادية التي من شانها تطوير وت | This message aims to reveal the reality of the rural settlement in the Sunni area in the province of Qadisiyah and learn about the possibilities for the development of the rural settlement in which, and the promotion of own reality through the provision of social services and carry out economic projects that would develop and the development of rural settlements in the study area.To achieve the objective of the study The study was divided into four chapters which dealt with the reality of the geographical distribution of rural settlements and the factors influencing it, and the study of the geographical distribution patterns of rural settlements and the degree of convergence and divergence, using quantitative method presumption closest neighbor and visual interpretation of maps and satellite images.Morphology of rural settlements study also dealt with the study in terms of (the settlement plan and fabric construction and land use them) to reveal the reality of the earth uses the forms taken by its residential units and the realities of the housing that, and so we can distinguish between the levels of services available in rural settlements and identify settlements that suffer from low in services which, in order to develop appropriate solutions and to provide basic social services and settlements, each according to their size and importance.The study of natural possibilities which they have a study area is great for influence in the rural settlement of steppe land that helps to settlement, agriculture, construction of roads and factories and the establishment of enterprise development, as well as the availability of human of the categories of young people, which is the category of productive potential, as well as offer represented arable land economic potential the cultivation of interest in the cultivation of strategic crops such as grains and try to Small Industries Development such as the brick industry and tar, gas and milk, and the presence also tourism potential in the study area all have enormous importance in rural settlements development, as well as the study revealed low fact the service in the study, which should be given to area in order to promote human energies and the development of cultural and scientific abilities.The study examined service regions by which they can demarcate service regions, as well as disclosure of the nature of regional relations and rural settlements, both with each other or with neighboring urban centers that determine the central villages and importance of service at the level of the countryside side or the extent of subordination of urban centers nearby.The study found the most important set of results that of Diwaniyah River Water Resources main factor which impact directly in the distribution of rural settlements, as well as the impact of urban centers attract workers and the role of the increase in volumes close to those centers and rural settlements.The study also found a high proportion of housing units in which the spaces service available (host and bathroom and kitchen and sanitation) and to a lesser extent (the store home and garden), and contrast that reality at the level of settlements study area, social and economic reasons, as well as the high level of traditional housing units and the low level of quality efficiency and quantity, so as to lower the standard of living for the whole study area, and the impact of social factor and the low level of government planning and neglect of the countryside.Other findings of the study, the presence of a natural potential to be tapped in the rural settlement development process, because it is located within the steppe land that encourage settlement and the establishment of agriculture and the availability of surface resources in the study area, as well as the human potential that represent the foundation in the rural settlement development, but they need to develop scientifically and culturally and in line with the development of civilization and culture in Iraq and the world.The study service territories of rural settlements of the nature of regional relations between rural settlements revealed especially educational relations elementary and middle stages, as well as the poor health of relations between rural settlements because of poor health services or non - existent in rural area, is also active regional economic relations between rural settlements and between urban centers neighbors, and which is determined by the size of the city and the distance between them and settlements study area

اثر المناخ في زراعة اشجار الفاكهة في قضاء القاسم == The Impact Of Climate On Fruit Trees Planting In The Al - Qasim Administrative

Author name: قحطان حسين محمد الجوذري
Supervisor name: صالح عاتي الموسوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تسعى الدراسة الى الكشف عن اثر المناخ في زراعة اشجار الفاكهة في قضاء القاسم بمحافظة بابل، وبيان مدى تاثير عناصر المناخ من الاشعاع الشمسي ودرجة الحرارة والرياح سرعة واتجاها والرطوبة الجوية والامطار والظواهر الجوية كالعواصف الترابية والغبار المتصاعد والعال | The study aims at revealing the effect of the climate upon the planting of the fruit trees at Al - Qasim Administrative, Province of Babylon. It aims at illustrating the effect of the dust, solar radiation, temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity, rain, dust phenomena, sand storms, rising and mid - air dust on the fruit trees planting (Fig, Grape, citrus, pear, pomegranate, apricot, and olive trees). It also tries to determine their season of growth, their ripening date, their distribution, acreage, production rate and amount, and their role in the economic growth. The study shows that the climate has an effective impact on the planting of fruit trees, the Climate cannot be controlled but in limited aspects, and that usually takes place within a narrow range in order to create the artificial environment that helps control some aspects of the climate. One of these methods is the irrigation system or using other methods of creating winds in order to reverse the bad effects of wind and dust phenomena. From here stemmed this study to show the relationship between the climatic requirements for the fruit trees through their growth season, which start with the emergence of the sprouts or the full blooming, to the reaping time. The study also illustrated the climatic characteristics of the area study.The study shows through statistical analysis generally the climate requirements on the fruit trees, all their kinds and types goes with available climate elements : solar radiation, temperature, humidity,while the rainwater, which can be replaced with irrigation.The study illustrates the how much the climatic requirements should be compatible in order for these trees to produce, along with the climatic reality in the study area in order to improve and increase the quantity and quality of these trees, because they are considered a staple food for the majority of the study area, as well as its economic importance

التحليل المكاني لزراعة النخيل في محافظة القادسية == The Spatial Analysis To Grow Palm In The Province Of Al - Qadisiyah

Author name: علا حسين علي الكناني
Supervisor name: صلاح ياركة ملك الخميسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد النخلة شجرة مباركة وتمتاز ثمارها بانها تؤكل طرية (كالخلال ونصف ناضجة كرطب وكاملة النضج كتمر) ويمكن تخزينها بسهولة , فالنخلة تتحمل الملوحة ودرجات الحرارة العالية , وتقاوم البرودة المعتدلة وتجود ثمارها سنويا اذ سمدت بالسماد العضوي والكيمياوي , فضلا عن | The Palm Tree blessing characterized by fruit that they eat way Kkhalal and a half mature Krdob and full maturity Catmore and can be easily stored, as well as, the Palm salt - tolerant and high temperatures, it is also resistant to cold temperate and largesse of fruit annually as fertilized organic and chemical fertilizers, and come in second place After crude oil in terms of relative importance, especially in Qadisiyah province, which does not hold any other natural resources, as well as it provides the raw materials that go into approved industries to date production in manufacturing and help livestock Ptkadiha as animal feed support, so any development of this sector Dynamic reflected positively on all other economic sectors, this tree has been of great importance, especially in specialized scientific studies in this area, as well as agricultural geographical studies dealt with in detail. The emphasis on the importance of developing palm trees and improve agricultural conditions and overcome all difficulties and obstacles is one of the priorities of successful scientific studies, so take this research geographical distribution contrast to palm trees and dates production in Diwaniyah province and environmental requirements needed by the crop to see the most important constraints in their development in the province. Search of variation planting palm trees and dates production in Qadisiyah areas of the province due to geographical factors has taken (natural and human life), as well as the appropriate environmental requirements of the crop scientific problem will be studied for the detection of the strength and the relationship of the impact of these geographical factors on the quality and quantity of the crop and geographical distribution of the spatial and temporal in the province, and to ensure the validity of the hypothesis based President that the cultivation of palm trees and dates production areas vary in the province, depending on the variation of these geographical factors, so research on quantitative technique for the detection of the relationship between the cultivation of palm trees and dates production of natural and geographical factors affecting the cultivation and determine the strength of the count and the direction of the relationship between them through simple correlation coefficient, as well as using the formal curriculum in the study of these geographical factors and their impact on the cultivation of palm trees in the province and supported the approach of crop to get to know the crop in terms of its nature and its importance and its quantity and quality and environmental conditions appropriate for its growth and maturity.And it ensures Find four chapters of the first chapter dealt with the theoretical framework, who has studied the research methodology and style, terminology and concepts, revealing the second chapter on the geographical distribution of palm cultivation and dates production trees in Diwaniyah province and environmental requirements, The third chapter natural and human life geographical factors affecting the cultivation of palm trees and the production of a lesson Dates in the province, while the fourth chapter studied the most important problems facing the cultivation of palm trees and dates production in Diwaniyah province and try to find solutions and proposals to address them.The research found a set of conclusions notably increase the investing spaces gardens and prepare palm especially in the year of 2013. However, this increase was accompanied by a decrease in the amount of production, and the varied climatic characteristics of the province of Qadisiya of b (temperature, humidity, soil, wind and rain and evaporation) and this variation impact on agriculture palm and date palm production trees in quantity and quality, as well as, the human factors of (b manpower and agricultural holdings and irrigation methods, methods and system of exchange and agricultural policy and transportation routes) prominent and influential role in the cultivation of palm trees, like natural factors affecting the fluctuation and the varying productivity and quality of the crop, as well as the impact of life factors

اثر الاحتباس الحراري في تغير حدود اقاليم العراق المناخية == The Effect Of The Global Warming In Change Climatic Regions In Iraq

Author name: غفران عبد الامير كاظم العياشي
Supervisor name: صالح عاتي الموسوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري من المشاكل المناخية التي لها اثر واضح في تغير حدود الاقاليم المناخية في العراق، ولاهمية هذا الموضوع قمنا بدراسة ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري ومعرفة العوامل الطبيعية والبشرية التي تشترك في حدوثها والتعرف على مقدار تاثير هذه الظاهرة في | The Global Warming is considered one of the problems that have a big effect on the climatic regions in Iraq. For the importance of this issue, we studied the Global Warming and to know the natural and human factors which cause the global warming, and to discover the effect of the global warming on the borders of the climatic regions in Iraq each ten years. For this study, a sample of 22 climatic regions which represents Iraq has been chosen. The study covered a period from 1941 - 2013 in which the main climate elements and the contrast among the climatic regions have been discussed.According to the temperature and the quantities of rainfall, the borders of the climatic regions have been marke. Wladimir K?ppen classification was used to classify the climatic regions in which Iraq was classified into four climatic regions, are wet, semi - dry, dry and severe dry.It’s noted that the contrast has a big influence on the borders of the climatic regions from climatic period to another. According to the contrast in the borders of the climatic regions, the differentiation in climatic regions area is also existed. For drawing the maps and calculating the areas, the ARS (GIS) programme was used

هايدرولوجية شط الدغارة : دراسة في الجغرافية الطبيعية == Hydrology Of Shatt Al - Dagharah Study In Physical Geography

Author name: دعاء موسى نعيم الاسدي
Supervisor name: جميل عبد حمزة العمري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://qu.edu.iq/repository/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%85.pdf
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تمثل البحث بدراسة هايدرولوجية شط الدغارة وهو احد تفرعات نهر الفرات وتحديدا المجرى المتفرع من شط الحلة عند حدود محافظتي بابل - قادسية والبالغ طوله (65)كم تقع منطقة الدراسة ضمن اقليم السهل الفيضي ضمن المناخ الحار الجاف ومن هنا جاءت اهمية الموارد المائية الس | The search study hydrological Shatt Dagharah (the study area) one forest River Euphrates and identify the way branch of the Shatt al - Hilla when Hilla Qaddissiya bord and - long (65) km study area is located within the hot dry climate Hence the importance of water resources in astray this as well as the importance of water resources to meet the growing and development of the requirements of life circumstances. study came to shed light on the water drainage in the area and the factors influencing these contrast variation Hydrological characteristics, thus giving a clear picture of the extent of the possibility of water resources exploited optimally and true to meet as much as possible of the water needs. Adopted study on the formal curriculum in the study of factors natural affecting water drainage in the study area study the analytical method adopted as well as the reliance on quantitative style statistical through the use of equations and statistical data requested by the Search Find ensure the four chapters included the first chapter theoretical framework, which included the problem of the research hypothesis and research objectives of the research and its importance and the research methodology and stages of research work has been addressed to some of the concepts and terminology, as well as hydrological it was structural Find statement. The fourth chapter has included the study of the natural factors that characterize the study area starting from the geological study area classified tectonically within the sidewalk unstable as the deposits to cover a study area geology dating back to the Quaternary, which includes time (Albulallostosen, Holocene) represented these sediments Petrspat easy Floodplain and deposits depressions buried and deposits swamps and sediments Wind addition was addressed to study the topographic situation and the extent of the surface impact on the hydrological regime in the region, as characterized by the study area simple from the northwest to decline towards the south - east, which had an impact on surface runoff from the slow flow And therefore Increase water Loses by increasing the water leakage in the region, as well as characterized the study area being a part of the hot dry climate, which reflected its impact on the increase of water Loses by increasing evaporation rates, as well as the study of soil physical and chemical characteristics and the study of natural plant as characterized the study area Poverty cover vegetation as a result of dry weather conditions. This variation in the natural factors had an impact on the hydrological characteristics variation and that have been touched upon in detail In the third chapter as it included the study of quantitative characteristics, as has been the study of the annual discharge characteristics for (30) years and the characteristics of the monthly discharges and Season as well as the study of the daily discharge of higher and the low characteristics in addition to the study of the qualitative characteristics of the water which included the study of the chemical and physical properties of some water elements as well as discussed to study the river load in the study area, which has been split into outstanding payload and benthic The fourth chapter has been the highlight of the water to assess the diverse needs in the study area and suitability for the purposes of (the environment drinking industrial perfusion of the building and construction for the purposes of drinking animals) as well as the study of the water needs in the agricultural population and animal region and the extent of balance in the water resources and the possibility to fill multiple needs in The study area and the amount of study Water losses by evaporation in the region as well as when a water balance between water revenue and the water needs to indicate whether there was poise negative (water shortage) or a positive balance (water surplus).autam reaching search to a number of conclusions, the most important was to contrast the natural properties its impact in the region in the annual hydrological characteristics, chapterly, monthly and daily variation as well as the A variation study of qualitative characteristics of water was reached that there are traditional methods of irrigation prevalent in the study area had a significant role in increasing water Loses and waste large amounts of water as well as excessive exploitation of water in the use of multiple needs in the study area and through the water balance has been reached that there is a positive water balance in what if there was a rationalization of water consumption in the study area

التباين الفصلي للمناخ وعلاقته باستهلاك الطاقة في العراق == Seasonal Variation Of Climate And Its Relation To Energy Consumption In Iraq

Author name: سامر هادي كاظم الجشعمي
Supervisor name: عبد الحسن مدفون ابو رحيل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

تحليل جغرافي للنشاط الزراعي في قضاء المناذرة

Author name: نجاح عبد جابر الجبوري
Supervisor name: محمود بدر علي السميع
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

ايران - روسيا : دراسة في واقع الجوار والتنبؤ فيه == Iran - Russia,A Study Of The Juxtaposition Future

Author name: عبد المنعم هادي علي
Supervisor name: مجيد حميد شهاب البدري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Iran and Fedral Russia are considered as one of the countries that have an important geostrategic position on the regional and international levels , because , Iran dominates the most important strategic strait in the world which is Hermoz strait , which lies tothe north, neighbor to the caesarean Russia then the Soviet Fedral After the Soviet Fedral disunited , the fedral Russia became the heritage of the Soviet Foreign policy , this change led to the development of relation between Iran and Fedral Russia in terms ofthe two parts desire to reinforce or elevet the relation with each other to a high level and in all fields There is a geostrategic benefit for the countries that motivate them to reinforce cooperation between them in the political , economical and even the military field , i. e , that the lenders of the two states have a new strategy to avoid risks and activate benefits This study will exhibit the relation development of states.The importance of geographic neighbouring study between Federal Russia and Iran connected with what these two states get from the impottance of geo straregy as they are of the states that have large areas and population which is very important regarding mineral, weathes and power resources which are gained by the two states and that is recognized in the fields of geo politic according to geographical location oil resources, natural gas, and their regional and global effect with extent cultural and civilized heritage for each of them which represent a powerful strength for them The two states, Iran and federal Russia, have special merits which made them geopolitical power , so the importance of this research is to study these two states after geopolitical change which happened in the area during the disconnecting Soviet Union which made many states controlled by its authority get its independence but some of these states have relation with Uunited States of America by making agreements and treaties and also with western Europe. Either real changes that happened in Iran during the Islamic Revolution in 1979 Which made Iran play apolitical style completely different from the former regime and for this concept we to be more careful about its external and internal new relation whichexpose the region to risks asaresult of its closing relations with federal Russia in facing America domination upon the world.This study reveals the political out - look, natural human and economic development which happened upon these states acconding to the change that happened for them, aswellas, the Knowing of political factors that might be a signal of weakness of them. Alsothe study has deepen in clarifying the geo economic for natural resources for these two state specially oil and natural gas regarding product amount and non use resources according to world average because they play amajor role in global economy through theircontrol in export and production

العلاقات المكانية للتلوث الصناعي في مدينة الحلة == Spatial Relations Of Industrial Pollution In Hilla City

Author name: رؤى علي مهدي كاظم جوازري
Supervisor name: جبار عبد جبيل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: يعد التلوث البيئي وخاصة الناتج عن الصناعة اعتداء سافر من قبل الانسان على البيئة وتوازنها والذي يؤدي الى تشوه وازالة المظاهر الجمالية فيها، ونتيجة لعملية طرح الملوثات الصناعية الضارة بالبيئة والتي بدات تهدد الوسط الهوائي والمائي والتربة , فقد جاءت هذه الدر | Pollution of environment is very danger which causes deform the beautiful situations especially industerail pollution which is caused by human. Because of industrial waste.It is damage air ,water and soil.There is a stady called "relationship of industerail pollution in Al Hilla town" It provides many important ways to benefit from these waste soil,gas, but with fewer effect of factories. This study help us to know the effect of waste on the environment balance in Hilla.It is found that industry is polluted for systems of our life in danger way. That over'centre organ for statics in Babil.Then,They are taken plece or model to examin them in the laboratory in Babil also in ministry of science ,Technology and Green AL Qasim university which relate to air ,water,soil pollution.They are used Equation of USA of growth of pupolation.The study is continued definition for some terms conserned the research.It also explaned the main role of natural elemants that their effect on in dustrail pollution Especially weather and its elements as winds.Even Human effects rise pollution because of increasing population which increase the Use of earth or people rong use for elements of environment without right plan previously.The air, water and soil pollution is caused defect at Ecological system which redounds life.There are some good points that have benefit as some technological ways which make pollution fewer even its economic cost.The study suggest some suitable indormations for some factories to achieve the gaol.

واقع واتجاهات النمو الحضري للمدن الصغيرة في قــضاء المحاويل == The Reality Of Urban Growth And Trends In Small Size Cities In Al - Mahaweel District

Author name: شيماء محمد خليـل محياوي
Supervisor name: عامر راجح نصر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة احدى اهم الظواهر الحضرية وهو النمو الحضري الذي يعد من اعقد العمليات واكثرها تاثيرا على المراكز الحضرية والوحدات العمرانية من خلال تعرضها للتغير المستمر لمختلف الوظائف. وسلطت الدراسة الضوء على ظاهرة تكرر اغفالها عن برامج التنمية والخطط | This study examined one of the most important urban phenomena and urban growth is one of the most complex operations and most influential urban centres and physical units through exposure to the constant changing of various jobs. The study highlighted the phenomenon repeats overlooked about development programs and strategic plans (small towns) that population size ranges between (5000 to 20000 ) individual , which consists in the study area in three urban centres, shared several qualities and functions (Al - Mashroa ,Al - Neil, Al - Emam). I have discussed the study highlighted the reasons for the growth of the city is not without undergoing a range of geographical disciplines such as location and position and the nature of the surface water and soil resources that contribute to the emergence and local environment conditions imposed, and the human factors of population and economic, social, historical and political origins of the important role of cities. I have used several courses of study as a descriptive analytical and historical and morphological approach drawing on quantitative methods and software for geographic information systems (Gis) and quadruple (swot) analysis method in analysis of urban land uses, and field visits with use of a number of tables, maps and graphs to illustrate geographic phenomena in the cities studied. The study showed the planning stages of cities and urban land use planning stages through to each city and analysis of functional proficiency through capita account depending on appropriate planning standards. The study also showed the vision for urban growth and magnitude of future need for urban land uses until 2025 and showed some parameters which stands in front of the urbanization of the study and determine the appropriate directions for growth. The study concluded with a set of conclusions and recommendations that contribute to improve the reality of urban growth in the cities study and the possibility of development commensurate with the economic, social and cultural characteristics

المنظومات الضغطية واثرها في تغير درجة قارية مناخ العراق

Author name: وسن عادل عبد الوهاب
Supervisor name: سالار علي خضر الدزيي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The continental feature is a correlative feature in the climate of Iraq because of its geographic position which is characterize of being far away from the water bodies. Such water bodies may show their effect on the temperature ranges and other elements of the climate as far as many obvious differences are observed between one year and another and from one area to another. For this reason, the study of pressure systems and their influences in changing the degree of the continental feature of the Iraqi climate during the period of (1970 - 2012) is carried out and most basically depending on the temperature averages of January and July. These two months were chosen as far as the former is considered the coldest month in Iraq while the latter is considered as the hottest. Therefore these two months can distinguish the continental feature.The degree of the continental feature could be counted by conducting a collection of equations applied to the studied stations. In this way, Borisov's equation resulted in the highest average with the rate of (78.6%) and according to which the Iraqi climate is ranging between the intense continental to the highly intense continental climate. Further, Gorczynski equation resulted in the rate of ( 60.7%), which, accordingly, included the Iraqi climatic station within the continental climate. Other equations as Johnson's rectified (modified) equation resulted in the rate of (50.9%), and Khromov's 2 equation (26.1%) and Khromov's 1 equation (26%). While Wallen's equation recorded the lowest average with the rate of (22.7%). What is shown through carrying out these equations is that the degree of the continental feature increase towards southern parts of Iraq, while it decreases towards the north. There is only one exception of Kharamov's equation 1 and 2 according to which this continental feature increases towards the north while it decreases moving towards the south, Except Johnson amended where it appeared that the continental trend does not take a degree or a certain character in continental prevail recipe diversity among sections of IraqAs far as the general trend of the degree of the continental feature of the Iraqi climate is concerned, there appeared that some climatic stations tended to an increase in their continental feature while others tended to a decrease in that same feature. Forinstance, the climatic stations of Mousil, Sinjar and Sulaymaniyah, were more tending to the decrease in their continental feature. This result was in reverse to the other climate stations whose attitude was towards the increase in their continental feature as Kirkuk, Khaniqeen, Baghdad, Rutbah, Karbala', Hay, Umarah, Samawah Nasiriyah, and Basra. This means that the northern parts of Iraq witness a decrease in their continental feature in comparison to the middle and southern stations which witness an increase in their same feature.Also, there was noticed that this continental feature increased in certain years while other years witnessed a decrease in this feature. According to the study of the elements of the climate, it is shown that the temperature of January during the years that witnessed an increased continental feature at the average of (7.9 C°), was much colder than the years witnessing the decreased continental feature at the average of (10.8 C°) and thus was warmer. Reversely, in June during the years of the decreased continental feature, the temperature recorded its height with (36.3 C°), whereas, in the years witnessing a decreased continental feature, the temperature was rather lower recording (34.6 C°).Concerning the degree of relative humidity, its disparity average between one January and another was 2.2% and the disparity average between one June and another was (1.5%). This happens because July is well characterized by its dryness in comparison to January which is wetter than June. It is noteworthy that June usually witnesses an activation of the extensions of the law Indian Seasonal in addition to the overwhelming continental tropical air mass (cT) which is a dry and hot mass.The disparity of the rain rates between the increased continental feature years and the decreased continental feature years and during the months of January reached (1622.5 mm) and this rate is considered as a very large disparity rate when compared to other climate elements. As for the average of the wind speed in June during the increased continental feature years, it reached (3 - 8 m/sec.), while in the decreased continental featureyears, it reached the average of (4.2 m/sec.). Therefore, the disparity between the two was (0.4m/sec.) which is a rate that exceeded the disparity occurring between the months of January of the increasing and decreasing years as it rates to (0.1m/sec.).By analyzing the weather maps of the level (1000) mb during January, it is shown that the union law was characterized by a larger frequency in the years of decreased continental feature as the sum of redundancies reached (34) times. While in the years of increased continental feature, the sum of frequency reached 25 times. In this way, the disparity in the redundancy between the increasing and decreasing years reached 9 law and this disparity is considered as the most responsible reason in constructing the continental feature because the law is the reason behind decreasing the continental feature because it is a dump law and it remains wet for a longer time, let alone that it is very wide.Finally, as for the pressure level (500) mb, it appears that the ridge has an inverse relation with the continental feature. As it happens, the more its redundancy occurs, the less the continental feature is. That is to say, winter is to become warmer in the years during which the redundancy increases, while the less redundancy occurs, the more the continental feature is and the less warm and the colder winter will be and that is January.

مؤشرات الراحة الفسيولوجية المناخية في محافظة واسط == Physiological Comfort Climate Indicators In Wasit Province

Author name: هند حسن مطشر
Supervisor name: ناصر والي فریح الركابي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: Study comfort physiological climate indicators in Wasit province, came in order to determine the comfortable and uncomfortable months in Wasit province, and to identify the appropriate times to practice different activities and knowledge of climate impact and cycle in determining feel comfortable and what more elements impact on the rest, has applied several criteria climatic data Private stations air monitoring in the study area, a Badra and Al Azizia al kut station and the neighborhood in order to deviate the best places for the convenience of man, and these standards are effective temperature and equivalent degree affecting heat and guide the wind cooling and guide the heat and humidity, and the standard Trzinj climate of life for Aolijaa scheme. Through the application of climate comfort standards on the study area shows that there is a divergence of feeling comfortable during the day and night and at the level of the months in the study area stations and shows particular variation in the transitional months, the study reached a number of conclusions after applying equation degree effective heat during the day turned out to be feeling human disturbed due to the decrease in temperature rates during months (December - January - February) in all study area stations, and is the months May, June, July and August, and in September and October of disturbing the warm months because of the rise in temperatures rates, as is all of the month of March and November of comfortable months to man. At night months in December and the second in February and March and April of the cold months longer during the night in all area stations study in what is all of the month of May in September of comfortable months either the summer months within the borders of the perfect comfortable atmosphere in all of Badra Al Azizia al kut station except the neighborhood station where be within the limits of discomfort because of the high rates of heat at night.The temperature are instrumental guide during the day it turns out that during the winter months is the month of December of months is uncomfortable in all of Badra al kut station and the neighborhood while this month in Azizia station Month comfortable (ideal atmosphere), while in the month of January will be a sense of human comfortable (ideal atmosphere) The month of February is the month of lack of warm un comfort in all the study area stations' while in the spring and summer months and autumn months has consisted of being uncomfortable (too hot). But during the night is all of the month of December and the second in February and March of the cold months is un comfortable in the summer months are very hot atmosphere, while in the autumn months feeling comfortable in change every month depending on the stations studied.When applying degree virtual heat index in the study a rea on the months in which the temperature more than 20 degrees Celsius, the results concluded that the degree of risk high because of a rise in rates of temperature from April to September and what causedfrom sunstroke and heat exhaustion heavily on man, either when applied at night during the month of June are not comfortable in the neighborhood station and in the month of July recorded discomfort in each study area. The results in the application of the equation of heat proof and humidity during the day ranges sense of human comfort between full comfort to the relative comfort during the winter months, and varies feeling human comfortable during the spring months in the study area stations and at the level of months, while in the summer months represent a significant and dangerous stress on health in All the study area plants because of the rise in temperatures rates. And during the night is November months in December and the second in February and March of months, not cold comfort in what is all of the month of April and October within the limits of the relative comfort while longer monthly May and September within the limits of full comfort in each of Badra and Al Azizia al kut stationwhile the neigh borhood station in the months of May and September within the limits of relative comfort. The findings in the application of wind cooling guide during the day showing that the winter months are slant to the cooler, while contrasting human feeling during the spring months between the comfortable air in March and Joe uncomfortably hot in each of themonths April and May and during the months June and July and August and September and in October the weather will be hot uncomfortable in all the study area stations and the month of November had in all of Badra al kut station and the neighborhood of comfortable for people months either in Azizia station be comfortable stant cooler months. During the night the winter months and spring months are within the limits of months is comfortable (slash cooler - Emile cold) in the area studied, and is the summer months is comfortable months during the night in each of the Badra station and Azizia either in the station Badra varies feeling comfortable by months as it is the month of June for the cooler months slant either July and August into a gentle climate and in the neighborhood station is the month of June of comfortable and July and August months Borders are among the warmer months.

مدينة بهرز : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

Author name: علي عبد محمود ابراهيم
Supervisor name: تنزيه مجيد حميد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: مدينة بهرز هي مركز ناحية اشنونا، احدى الوحدات الادارية في محافظة ديالى، تبلغ مساحتها ( 1692 ) هكتار، وعدد سكانها ( 33230) لعام 2013 وتتكون من (13) حي سكني، تهدف الدراسة الى معرفة اسباب النمو الحضري لمدينة بهرز عبر دراستها من خلال اربعة مراحل مورفولوجية

المناخ واثره في التباين المكاني لزراعة المحاصيل الصناعية في العراق للمدة (1981 - 2012م) : دراسة في المناخ التطبيقي == Effect Of Climate On Spatial Variation Of Industrial Crop Cultivation In Iraq For The Period (1981 - 2012) AD A Study In Applied Climatology

Author name: سحر جابر كاظم سالم الغزالي
Supervisor name: علي مهدي جواد الدجيلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: يتضمن البحث دراسة "اثر المناخ في التباين المكاني لزراعة المحاصيل الصناعية في العراق"، وقد اختيرت لهذا الغرض عشر محطات مناخية موزعة على منطقة الدراسة من الشمال الى الجنوب، كما اعتمدت الباحثة على معلومات مناخية للمدة (1981 - 2012)م، من محطات منطقة الدراسة ال | The research study the “effect of climate on spatial variation of industrial crop cultivation in Iraq”.Ten climate stations where chosen for this purpose, the stations where distributed within the study area from North to South.The researcher has collected climate data for the period (1981 - 2014) AD, from the climate stations of the study area, which belongs to the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology. : 1. The climatic requirements of the industrial crops plays a key role in crop distribution according to the appropriate areas, where some crops is concentrated in a certain area without another due to the nature of the climatic conditions that determines its availability.2. Through analyzing the climatic properties of the study area, it has been concluded that some climatic elements have a key role in determining an appropriate area for industrial crops cultivation. The theoretical and actual radiance hours, temperature, and rainfall plays an important role in the distribution of the industrial crops.3. The study showed that the industrial crops have a big economic importance, where they contribute in developing industry. However, the total cultivated area from (2002 - 2012) AD and the Donum productivity is unstable from year to year.4. The study concluded that some climatic elements contribute in spreading pathogens such asthe above maximum temperature, below minimum temperature, over relative humidity, or wind contribution in spreading viral diseases.5. Radiance hours, temperature, rainfall, and climatic elements have direct effect on the distribution of industrial crops, the study area have appropriate radiance hours for industrial crops cultivation. Except for Flax, where the actual radiance is not enough to cultivate it.6. The temperature of the study area is appropriate to cultivate all of the industrial crops with a variation of some crop.The study area is experiencing water deficiency during the growth period of industrial crops, except for some months, this is what clarified by analyzing water consumption tables for the studied crops and subtract it from rainfall quantities. Which requires relying on other irrigation technics to give the crop enough water

العلاقات المكانية لانتاج واستهلاك مياه الشرب في مدينة الحلة == Spatial Relationships For Consumption And Production Of Drinking Water In Hilla City

Author name: دنيا ابراهيم محسن الحسناوي
Supervisor name: عايد سلوم حسين الحربي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تم اجراء الدراسة (العلاقات المكانية لانتاج واستهلاك مياه الشرب في مدينة الحلة ) بالاعتماد على تقدير عدد السكان في منطقة الدراسة لسنة 2013 وبالاعتماد على تقديرات دائرة الاحصاء ومن ثم جمع المعلومات من دائرة الماء في منطقة الدراسة فيما يخص القدرة الانتاجية ل | The study (spatial relation of production and consumption of drinking water in the city of hilla )was conducted depending on the estimate of population in the study area for 2013 based an census department and then collect the information from the water department in the study area in terms of production capcity of water filter projects and the storage capcity. in addition to capcity of the pumping station at a time with working hours and other information about transportation , distribution and estimate the product water quantities networks per day and for the distribution of water to the population in the study area to determine the future need. And then multiplied by the person share with the expected number of the population in 2025. in addition , the collection of samples for laboratory testing to departmine the quality and characteristics of drinking water (physical , chemical , biological ) and use of previous examination of the departments concerned (Department of Enviroments ) and for the pourpose of comparison and matching the results to realistic and comprehensive and the results of the above study wrer standing on the weaknesses in the process of production , transmission and distribution of drinking water for the development of solutions and recommedations for the provision of safe drinking water terms of quantity and quality , This serves the geographic case in the urban and industrial nature of the stdy area to suit the future needs to ensure that no expansion of population or industial randomly because of potable water is available some where and inevitably in other place in the study area.

العلاقة المكانية بين طرق النقل بالسيارات وتغير استعمالات الارض الحضرية في مدينة الخالص == The Spatial Relationship Between Cars Roads And Urban Land Of Uses In Al Khalis City

Author name: حوراء عبد الحسن ناصر الخفاجي
Supervisor name: خضير عباس خزعل التميمي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims at investigating the spatial relationship between cars roads and urban land of uses in al Khalis city.The study has revealed the geographical factors like the geographical position and the area which reached 24,696,632 Km2 a plane area of about 45 - 50 meters above the sea level. All those factors played a great role in the planning of the city, the expansion of the roads, then the development of urban transportation network in the city. Moreover, the spatial growth and the expansion came along with the development of the important roads like Baghdad - Kalis - Kirkuk road and the Main street "Al Hussein Street" in the city.The study also revealed the existence of three patterns of roads in the city : organic, radial, and quadric - grid. The grand length of the roads reached 219,446 meters. The grand area of roads reached 3,923,813 m2 in 2013 which forms 15.8 % of the city area.The use of land for transportation service purposes has increased from 0.231022 km2 in 1987 to 3,971,313 km2 in 2013. This represents 16% of the city area which is a small area regarding the international standards that propose that the transportation area should form 25 - 23% of the city area.The study also revealed that there is a relation between travelling, family size and characteristics, ownership of cars, and the family income. Concerning the traffic inside the city, it was found that the maximum traffic of the main entrance during the evening period was 65.7% incoming, whereas the traffic of regional highway junctions registered its highest traffic in Kalis - Kirkuk highway which reached 34.4%.In finding the relation between roads and the change in urban land uses, it was found that the city was horizontally expanded in investing the surrounding and vacant lands, as well as intensive use of lands and expansion towards orchards and breaching estate type uses along with the expansion of the roads. All this caused a fundamental change in urban land uses in Al Khalis City. The study also registered a great development in the urban land uses in the city between 1987 - 2013. When conducting the comparison, it was found that there is a great change in the distribution of lands along with the roads of the city, as well as increasing commercial use from 8% to 36%, industrial use from 5% to 24%, and the service use from 8% to 20%. On the other hand there is a decrease in the residential use from 19% to 16% and agricultural use from 37% to 4% in 2013. This draws the attention on that huge areas of orchards an farms in the city were transformed into other uses due to paving the roads in it as well as the decrease in vacant lands which explains the intensive investment of lands due to competition.The study also proved the role of roads in the functional and architectural structure of the city by the diversity of the values and area of the urban lands according to the type of the street. Competition utilizing the land is more intensive on the main street and its subordinate alleys and decreases near the highway. The main street has more commercial use that reaches 39% while more residential use was on subordinate streets which reached 25%. Service use registered its highest percentage near the main street and the highway. It reached 23% for both. Agricultural use was focused near subordinate streets and reached 6% in the city.The study ended by proving the existence of a positive statistical relation between roads and other variables like functional and architectural structures of the city. This was proved by the use of Chi Square in which it was found that calculated values are more than existing values of the study variables and the type of the street in the city

مراكز وامتدادات المنظومات الضغطية السطحية والعليا واثرها في مناخ العراق == Centers And Extensions Of The Lower And The Upper Pressure Systems And Their Effects On The Climate Of Iraq

Author name: جول ميخائيل طليا بيداويد
Supervisor name: طه رؤوف شير محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims at analyzing and explaining the effect of the frequency and the days of continuation of secondary and modern centers; and the extensions of the single, integrated and the extensions of adjacent pressure systems at lower surface and upper surface which is influencing the climate of Iraq.Analysis and explanation of hourly data of samples composed of three meteorological stations, i.e. Mosul (in the north), Baghdad (in the middle) and Basra (in the south) depending on the two observation measurements of (00, 12) have been done.The data has been converted into monthly rates for a duration of (11) years. Afterwards, the researcher extracted the rates of temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity throughout this study period.The study has demonstrated that the frequency percentage of the single systems was (53.90%), the integrated (40.81%) and the adjacent (5.27%). Lack of frequency of integrated and adjacent systems is due to the fact that, occurrence of integration and adjacency process requires conditions relating to the characteristics of the system itself : its depth and its power of influence. Furthermore, there is a duty for the surface effect which - if suitable - will contribute in decreasing their speeds and consequently lead to the integration and adjacency process. The study has also declared that Iraq is affecting because of the influences of surface and upper pressure extensions of the single, integrated and adjacent systems more than modern and secondary centers. This is due to the remoteness of Iraq from the territories of the evolution of the main centers of the pressure systems. Moreover, the study has also showed that, the Indian Seasonal depression is one of the most influential atmospheric depressions on Iraq's climate. The percentage of the frequency of itssecondarycenters was (46.39%) and its pressure extensions ratio was (47.01%). The annual rate of temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity for the two observations of (0000, 1200) at the Basra station - which is considering as the first Iraqi station influenced by the arrival of the Indian Seasonal cyclone, and the last station influenced by its withdrawal - during the progress of the cyclone's secondary centers were (27.6, 43.7)Co, (1003.5, 1000.3) millibars, (35%, 14%); and of the cyclones extensions were (26.6, 40)Co (1005.2, 1004.0) millibars, (44%, 18%).In compare with their pressure extensions, the study has showed that the secondary centers of the thermal depressions have recorded an increase in the temperature during their control over Iraq.As for modern centers of single and integrated anticyclones, they recorded lower rates of temperatures in compare with their pressure extensions, and values higher than their extensions. Due to the inverse relationship between temperature and relative humidity, the modern centers recorded humidity rates lower than their pressure extensions.With regard to the anticyclones, the Siberian high - with its modern centers - was the most instrumental anticyclone on the climate of Iraq. Its percentage was (52.56%); while the frequency percentage of their atmospheric extensions was (40.7%). As far as the European anticyclone is concerned, the lowest rate of temperature was recorded during its control of its modern centers and pressure extensions over Iraq. The annual rates of temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity during the control of its modern centers over Mosul meteorological station were (5.9, 13.5)C0, (1022.6, 1023) millibars, (81%, 50%), while during the progress of its extensions, the rates of the previous climatic elements arrived at (9.3, 18.8) C0, (1021.5, 1017.7) millibars, (79%, 47%).To identify the impact of length of duration of the pressure systems on temperature in Iraq, two pressure systems have been selected : the Siberian anticyclone and the Indian seasonal cyclone. Their continuance period has been divided into three categories : (3 - 6) days, (7 - 9) days, and (10) days and over. The ratio of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) - or as it is known as (F - ratio) - has been utilized to analyze the results. The study has concluded that, when calculating the continuance duration of both systems extensions the first category was the most frequent one. This is due to the fact that, the location of Iraq at the northern semi tropical latitudes give rises to the succession of pressure systems to come through. The results of the equation (the calculated values) - when compared to the critical value (in X2 tables) - have showed that there were no significant differences between the samples of the first days and the samples of the last days for the examined time series; i.e. Ho cannot be rejected. However, the absolute differences have been raised among each sample's data alone, i.e. among the years belonging to each sample alone, due to : 1 - The variance of the strength of the secondary and modern centers that deliver their extensions to Iraq.2 - The variance of the strength and the depth of the system and the arrival of its extensions to the pressure level of (850) millibars.3 - The effects of upper aerial waves which enhance or weaken the effect of surface the systems.

التركيب الداخلي لمدينة الصدر == The Inner Structure For Al - Sadr City

Author name: وفاء حسن جبر اللامي
Supervisor name: هاشم خضير نايف الجنابي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تتكون البيتة الحضرية لمنطقة الدراسة من نسيج معقد من الانشطة والفعاليات التي تحتل مواضع خاصة بها عاكسة بذلك تاثيرات مجموعة من القوى المحددة لاماكن وجودها، فاذا ما القينا نظرة فاحصة لخارطة بغداد الكبرى فاننا سوف نتعرف على تابع من توابعها الحضرية الحديثة الن

تقييم مستويات ضفاف نهر دجلة لتحديد المناسيب المائية المهددة بالفيضان لمدينة بغداد == The Evaluation of The Levels of Tigris River Bank To Determin The Rate of Water Threatened By Flood In Baghdad City

Author name: انتصار قاسم محمد
Supervisor name: اسامة خزعل عبد الرضا الشريفي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دليل التنمية الصناعية في الوطن العربي

Author name: مي ثامر رجب عبود العزاوي
Supervisor name: عبد الله حسون محمد | ابراهيم جواد كاظم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

تحليل جغرافي للواقع الزراعي فـي قضاء الرفاعي للمــدة 2000 - 2007 == Geographical Analysis For The Agricultural Production At Rifa'Ee County

Author name: ميثم عبد الحسين حميد الوزان
Supervisor name: منعم مجيد حمد الحمادة
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Two factors are combined succeed any agricultural process that is the nature reagent represented by the products of the nature as an auxiliary reagent or obstacle facing agricultural process and the human factor who attempt hardly to less the effect of ne

التحليل المكاني لخدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة الصدر == Spatial Analysis of Infrastefwres Services of Sadr City

Author name: ميثم خلف موسى عودة
Supervisor name: سعد عبيد جودة الربيعي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناول البحث اربعة خدمات رئيسة هي " تجهيز الماء, الصرف الصحي, خدمة الكهرباء, وخدمة الهاتف السلكي (الارضي), لانها تاتي ضمن الاسبقية الاولى في حاجة الناس اليها وفي تاثيرها المباشر على حياتهم اليومية, وهدفت الدراسة ايضا الى تفحص واقع تلك الخدمات في مدينة الصد | The study was carried out on four main municipal services i.e., "water supply, sewerage, electricity service, and Wire phone service (Ground). The studied services are come within the precedence need of people to it due to their direct impacts on the dail

تحليل المواقع الصناعية في محافظتي ديالى وبابل : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == The Analysis of The Industrial Locations In The Diyala And Babylon (A Study In The Industry Geography

Author name: مريم صالح شفيق حمودي
Supervisor name: عمران بندر مراد الربيعي | عايد جسام طعمة
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Industrial Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study of the industrial sites represents an aspect of the studies of the industrial geography the importance of which appeared in depending on the natural raw materials available in Iraqi in general and in Diyala and Babylon governorates in particula

خصائص ترب ناحية المنصورية وعلاقتها بالبيئة == Characteristics of Al - Mansouriya Soil And Their Relation To Environment

Author name: منذر صائل محمد الجبوري
Supervisor name: ثاير حبيب عبد الله الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تناول البحث دراسة الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للترب وتحليلها وابراز العلاقات المكانية وتفسير وتعليل العديد من الظواهر البيئية المختلفة لهذه الخصائص في ناحية المنصورية (دلي عباس) التي تقع على بعد (95)كم شمال شرق بغداد في محافظة ديالى وتقع على الضفة اليم | the study tackled studying the physical and chemical characteristics of soils, analyzing them, showing spatial relations and explaining many different environmental phenomena of these characteristics in Al - Mansouriya county (Dalli Abbas) which is locate

دور مصادر الطاقة في الحد من مخاطر التصحر في قضاء سامراء == The Role of Energy Sources In Decereasing The Risks of Desertification In Samassah City

Author name: منذر كامل اسماعيل السامرائي
Supervisor name: علي مخلف سبع الصبيحي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography of Energy
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: يتناول البحث الموسوم ( دور مصادر الطاقة في الحد من مخاطر التصحر في قضاء سامراء ) العلاقة بين مخاطر التصحر التي اصبحت اخذة بالتوسع والانتشار، وتهدد التوازن البيئي في الاراضي الزراعية والرعوية والتي هي من اكثر المناطق تعرضا للتصحر لاسباب جغرافية عديدة، اه | The research entitled " the role of energy sowces in decreasing the risks of desertification in samarrah city " is expressing the range of desertification risks which became wide spread and extending.This phenomenon threatens the environmental balance and

التباين المكاني لانسيابية حركة النقل والمرور في شارعي النضال و14 رمضان في مدينة بغداد == Spatial Variance Flexibility's Traffic And Trans Portmovement In Bth Al - Nidhal And 14Ramadan The Street

Author name: مها متعب محمد
Supervisor name: جمال حامد رشيد الدليمي | صلاح داود سلمان الزبيدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: رمت الدراسة الى معرفة التباين المكاني لانسيابية حركة النقل والمرور في شارعي النضال و14 رمضان في مركز مدينة بغداد، ومن خلال تسليط الضوء على ابرز المعوقات التي تواجه عملية النقل، بما فيها الزخم المروري التي تعاني منه اغلب ساحات شارعي منطقة الدراسة وتقاطعا | Obstruct to problems increase in the present time becaruse in crease numbers briges Randomness export so the numbers huge of briges to cause numbers briges in crease pubulation numbers additively to construeting arising level to som logal the main streets

التباين المكاني للتلويث الضوضائي في بعض احياء مدينة بغداد == The Spatial Variation of Pollutant Noise In Some Neighborhoods of The City of Baghdad

Author name: مريم حاتم مؤنس
Supervisor name: لطيف ماجد ابراهيم المشهداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The importance of the subject of noise pollution comes in as a main base for the construction of environmental balanced.The study of the topic of "spatial variation of contaminating noise in some neighborhoods of the city of Baghdad" has great importance

التباين المكاني لخصائص المياه الجوفية في محافظة كربلاء وعلاقتها بالاستخدامات البشرية == Spatial Variation of The Characteristics of The Groundwater In The Province of Karbala And Its Relationship To Human Uses

Author name: مروه وسام عبد العالم
Supervisor name: عبد الحسن مدفون ابو رحيل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تقع منطقة الدراسة بين دائرتي عرض (50 - 32 ) و(9 - 32) شمالا وخطي طول (10 - 43 ) و(18 - 44 ) شرقا وهي بذلك تقع ضمن المناخ الصحراوي وتتميز ايضا بقلة مواردها المائية السطحية مما جعلها تعتمد وبشكل كبير على المياه الجوفية في مختلف الاستعمالات البشرية لذا ك | The study area lies between latitudes (50 - 32) and (9 - 32) north and the longitudes (10 - 43) and (18 - 44) east. Therefore, this location lies within the desert area. It is characterized by the lack of surface water sources and depends completely on th

استعمالات الارض الزراعية في ناحية كنعان (محافظة ديالى) : دراسة في الجغرافية الزراعية == The Uses of Agriculture Land In Kanaan : Commune of Diyala

Author name: مصطفى سعد هاشم مجيد
Supervisor name: عبد الله حسون محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف هذه الدراسة الكشف عن التوزيع الجغرافي لاستعمالات الارض الزراعية في ناحية كنعان لسنة 2013، وهي احدى النواحي التابعة لقضاء بعقوبة ضمن محافظة ديالى، التي تقع في الجزء الجنوبي من المحافظة والبالغة مساحتها (243327 دونما). وبيان اهمية اثر العوامل الطبيعية | The current study aims at identifying geographic distribution of agricultural land use in Kanaan region, for the year 2013, which is one of the regions underlying Baqubah district authority in the province of Diyala. It is located in the southern part of

الاهمية الجيوبولتيكية لمنطقة اسيا الوسطى في الصراع العالمي

Author name: مسلم مهدي علي الخويلدي
Supervisor name: اعياد عبد الرضا عبد ال
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geopolitics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التحليل المكاني للجزر النهرية لمجرى نهر دجلة بين مصب الزاب الاسفل وسدة سامراء == The Analysis of Peculiarities Riverine Islannds of Tigris River Between Lower Zab And Samara's Dam

Author name: محمد خليل محمد جبر
Supervisor name: مد الله عبد الله محسن الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تعد دراسة جيومورفولوجية الجزر النهرية دراسة مهمة في مناطق احواض الانهار والسهول الفيضية اذ تعد من ابرز مظاهر سطح الارض فيها وتتوافر في منطقة الدراسة العديد من الظروف الطبيعية والبشرية التي جعلتها بيئة جيدة لدراسة هذه الظاهرة والتمكن من رصد نموها واتساعها | The study of fluvial islands geomorphology is considered an important one in rivers basins and flood plains areas, as it is considered one of the most distinguished aspects of the earth surface. The study area has numerous natural and human circumstances
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