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طريق دهوك - زاخو : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Dohuk - Zakho Road Geographical Transportation Study

Author name: نور اسعد عبد الامير مجيد
Supervisor name: جمال حامد رشيد الدليمي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اهتمت دراسة طريق (دهوك - زاخو) وتهدف الى دراسة واقع حال طرق النقل البري في محافظة دهوك لعام 2014، اذ بلغ طول الطريق (256/ كم) ويعتبر ذلك انعكاسا للتطور والتنمية حيث كشفت الدراسة ان الطريق يعود تاريخ نشاته منذ العهد العثماني وان الطرق تمثل العصب الحساس لل | This thesis studies the (Duhok - Zakho Road) and the status of the ‎transportation in Duhok governorate for the year 2014. Road length is 256 ‎Km. Studies revealed that this road was established since the ottoman ‎period and roads represents essential factor for the economic activities and ‎represent the first step in implementing the economical projects in the ‎region. The location of Duhok - Zakho roads represent a logistic location ‎that link the region with Turkey and Syria by Ibraheem Al Khalil passage ‎and Fishkhabur. While the geological part had a positive role because of the ‎area’s nature since it is rocks and these rocks are the basis for building ‎roads. Weather had a negative effect especially when raining and icing on ‎the roads.‎Human geographical factors had an effect on the construction and ‎movement on road because there is direct relation between people growth ‎and the roads because when people grow the use of the road increase so the ‎traffic increase too. ‎This road needs many sign and stuff that the road needs gas station, ‎resting areas. Information gathered from the directorates showed that this ‎road is considered the most crowded road during vacations.‎ The connection level between road networks in the area of study ‎reached 0.18. This percentage shows that the connection level is very low ‎and need more connections and (Gamma, Beta and Alpha) pointer was used ‎and results were Beta (1), Gamma (0.4) and Alpha (0.91) which indicates ‎that the road need more connections. ‎The turning factor was (152%) for the road network in the area of ‎study which means that this road has many turnings and lack of straight ‎road. ‎The thesis ended with some conclusions by the researcher and ‎necessary recommendations from a geographical point of view

هيدروجيومورفولوجية حوض وادي ساورا في محافظة السليمانية == The Hydrogeomorphology Of Sawra Basin In Sulaymaniyah Governorate

Author name: نهرين حسن عبود
Supervisor name: هالة محمد عبد الرحمن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study aims to detect natural and morphometric characteristics of Sawra Valley basin measuring the Volume of water flow , Geomorphological processes resulting from it ,know the characteristics of the ground water and their validity to different uses as well as knowledge of geomorphological features the basin.The area of study region is 239.83km2, was divided to two areas , the first is Sawra Valley Basin which equals 188.67 km2 and the other is 51.16km2 which represents the Silt Fan ( Raniya Fan ) , that formed by the Valley as a result of moving the precipitations from the top of the basin towards its mouth. The length of Sawra Valley basin is 27.70 km where its slop from north to south. The basin is subdivided into three secondary basins , the largest one is Sawra Main Basin , that its area equals 109.23 km2 which represents about 57.9% of the whole basin. Sawra valley basin is considered one of the seasonal Valleys, that flow from btrechn mountain to south ward direction , then flows into Dukan Lake. Studying the natural characteristics such as geological setting , rock composition and Linear structures appeared that there were 190 Linear structure , had an effect in the main stream of the valley and these branches.Topographic surface as well as the gradient were studied by dividing the tasi in to seven categoris , however , the old climate had lett its mark in the basin , furthermore , the impact of the current climatic elements such as temperature, wind and rain which effected in the morphometric, hydrological characteristics and forms of landscapes.On other hand, the properties of six samples, that most of them was type, which effected on vegetation that varied in quality and intensity from place to place within the basin - the basin has shown that it is ranked biftraction ratio (4.3) and with meandering coefficient (1.20) and the basin being passes through instability stage (youth stage), that reached to hypsometric coefficient value 82.56%.For the purpose of calculating the water runoff, it has been relying on a snyder model that fits for study area, the water runoff amount reached to 264.245.66M3 in addition the geomorphological processes such as laminate erosion, streaming erosion and rifting erosion. The study showed that all wells recorded in the study area, which are amounted to(28) wells are valid for different uses. Land forms distributed and classified in the basin according to their configuration in five categoris, the first one structural - erosion land forms, erosion land forms, sedimentation land forms, land forms resulting from solvent processes and land forms resulting from terrestrial materials.

التباين المكاني للبطالة في العراق للسنوات 1987 - 1997 - 2012 == Locative Contrast Of Unemployment In Iraq For(1987 - 1997 - 2012

Author name: نغم احمد مصلح
Supervisor name: ندى شاكر جودت الفرطوسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The current study aims to know the average of unemployment in Iraq for the years ( 1987, 1997,2012), except the northern governorates (Dohok, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah ). This could be done and carried out through explaining the differences in averages of unemployment in the rural and urban of governorates and also in respect to genders distribution ( Males and Females. Studying temporal and spatial difference among them to know the reasons lying behind that. The researcher has used quantitative and descriptive method and then studying the indicators and variables having relation to the ratio of the unemployed by using simple and multi - correlation coefficient as to show the effect of the independent effect on the followed variable.The study includes three chapters , introduction and conclusion. The current study reaches to the following : 1. Average of unemployment has reached to " 13,5" in 1997 after it has been 3,5 in 1987 and reached to 12,9 in 2012.2. averages of unemployment in Iraq in respect to administrative units , got different in the years ( 1987, 1997, 2012). Maysan , Thi Qar , Baghdad , and Al - Muthana governorates have recorded high rates of unemployment; Maysan and Thi Qar have occupied first rank with rates ( 23,8) ,( 21,3) in the population counting in 1987, then followed by Basra and Baghdad. The reasons lying behind raising the unemployment in Thi Qar and Maysan are because of seasonal unemployment in the agricultural activity.3. Salah Al - Din and Karbala have recorded less unemployment since they are considered as agrarian landsowing to the nature of agricultural sector based on the implantation of permanent corps.4. Differences in rates of unemployment between the urban and rural in the years based on in the research , where Maysan has recorded high ratio of unemployment and salah Al - Din recorded lower rates of unemployment.5. The southern governorates have recorded high rates of unemployment , in addition to Baghdad.6. We notice that the ratio of unemployed males get higher than the females throughout the governorates, where their ratio gets extreme degree in the population counting in 1987.7. The high rates of unemployment were within the two categories ( 15 - 19), ( 20 - 24) , then followed by the category 64.8. It has been explained that the unemployment is connected with the independent variables , along with its relation with the variables ( poverty, individual expenditure) , while the other variables have been described by its verse connection with the followed - up variable ( unemployment)

التباين المكاني لحالات الوفيات في قضاء خانقين للمدة (1987 - 2014) == The Spatial Variation Of The Deaths In Khanaqin For The Period (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014)

Author name: ميعاد نعمت احمد بهرام
Supervisor name: فاضل محسن يوسف الموسوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الوفيات من اهم المؤشرات التي تعكس الاوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في اي مجتمع كان ومدى صحة ووعي سكانه ورفاهيتهم وهو مكسب الدراسة واهميتها وان الهدف من البحث هو دراسة العامل المتناقص للنمو السكاني والمتمثل بالوفيات التي غالبا ما تتعرض بياناتها الى | statistical studies has been Expanded to include many fields and sectors, including the population sector, where the researchers have interested to study of the census and measurements related to the problems such as briths, deaths and migration of the population sector, because of its great importance in the field of planning and management. The research as a part of series of researchers that are interested on the side of the demographic characterization. The research tackled declining factor of the population growth which represented the deaths, which are often their data are subject to different types of errors, that are notably the lack of registration of the facts, especially in developing countries, so this research focuses on the spatial variation of the deaths in the district of Khanaqin during the period 1987 - 1997 - 2007 - - 2,014 which targeted the knowledge of trends and its temporal and spatial variations aspects of the level of the city based on a set of standards for deaths and identifying the typical and age variations of the deceased and the causes of death and their relationship to the surrounding environment. The study depends on the data recording of vital events in the death registration offices which belong to the administrative aspects of khanaqeen As well as it has been depending on the field study to fill what is missing from the data. The study has showed that the deaths value that have been collected during the study period (3880) and crude death rate for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) was (8.8 per thousand, 4.8 per thousand 0.6 per thousand, 4.6 per thousand), which in turn, did not score a chronologically organized trend where it is characterized the variation between high and low, as well as the number of deaths have been varied according to months of the year and the seasons as it is recorded the highest proportion of deaths in January and December, and it shows that winter and summer record the highest rate of deaths. The study also reveals that the superiority of the male deaths to female deaths for all years of study at a rate (64.1%, 56.9%, 65.6%, 53.6%) for males for years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) vs. (35, 9% 43.1%, 34.4%, 46.4%) of females for years above of the total deaths of the city And for the age pattern of deaths, the study also showed the relative importance of variation for age groups in terms of reality, including the value of the deaths, the study has shown that age group (15 - 44 ) has topped the other age groups at a rate (27.6%) of the total deaths, followed by category ( 65 years and over) by (21.6%) of the total of deaths Regarding the cause of deaths it has been shown by the study, that deaths due to diseases accounted for (7.63%) for the year 1987, and (7.49%) for the year 1997, and (50.7%) for the year 2007, (61.9% ) for the year 2014, and the circulatory system diseases and blood diseases topped the other types of diseases at a rate (22.6%, 27.7%, 24.1%, 28.7%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths diseases, followed by cancerous diseases at a rate (18.6%, 15%, 15.3%, 15.1%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths diseases. While deaths due to accidents accounted for the proportion (50.3%) for the year 1987, and (36.3%) for the year 1997 (49.3%) for the year 2007, (38.1%) for the year 2014 of the total deaths,whilethe deaths of gunshot incidents and other accidents rate topped the rate of (41.3%, 24.9%, 45.1%, 44.5%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths incidents. The study shows through statistical methods that used in data analysis that there is strong correlation and relationship of significance found between the dependent variable analysis (the number of deaths) and independent Almngiberat (cancer X1. Degenerative diseases X2. Communicable Diseases X3. Numbers of deaths by accidents and numbers of deaths by terrorism X5. Number of deaths naturally X6), and it is found through multiple regression that the independent variables application (cancer x1. degenerative diseases X2. diseases transitional X3. Deaths by accidents deaths by terrorism X5. number of deaths naturally X6) has a larger impact in influencing the approved variable (number of deaths) and (1%) only attributed to other factors, the model was unable to count. the study clarifies that the distribution of deaths, according to the administrative units has been marked by variations where the center of the city ranked first in the number of deaths for all years of the study, as the percentage recorded (40.5%, 49.5%, 38.1%, 37%) years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths amount. It has been shown by study that the geographical distribution of deaths due to the disease, according to the administrative units has been marked by variation , where it shows out the high percentage in the center of Khanaqeen all the years of study, with the percentage of registered (35.4%, 36.8%, 34.1%.33 0.1%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths due to the elimination of diseases, and the lowest geographical distribution of deaths due to the disease in hand by Mo amounted to (4.6%, 3.7%, 3.1% , 4.8%) for the years above of the total deaths due to the elimination of diseases, while the geographical distribution is characterized due to accidents where the variations also topped in the center to all other administrative units which record (45.3%, 45.1%, 38.4 %, 45.5%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths due to accidents this study revealed the impact of climate especially temperatures as the most influential factor in natural deaths average compared with other natural factors in addition to the impact of different human factors the level of living standards (household income) and the level of education, occupation and place of residence and the housing situation and the level of provided health services

التحليل الجيومورفولوجي في حوض وادي المعاذر == The Geomorphologic Analyst In Al - Maathir Valley Basin

Author name: ميرفت عبد المجيد علي حسين
Supervisor name: قاسم يوسف شتيت الشمري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد وادي المعاذر احد وديان الهضبة الغربية، ويقع ضمن مدينة الرمادي التابعة لمحافظة الانبار، في الجزء الشمالي الغربي من بحيرة الرزازة، اذ يحتل الحوض مساحة بلغت (40,031كم2) موزعة على (4) احواض ثانوية.تم التعرف على طبيعة الخصائص التي تمثلت بالبنية الجيولوجية | Al - Maathir Valley is regarded one of the valleys of the westren Plateau. it is located within the city of Ramadi in Anbar. In the North - westren part is Alrazzaza Lake - and the basin occupies an area of about (40.031 km2) distributed into four sub - basins. The nature and the physical characteristics which represent the geological structure, climate, topography water resources, soil and natural plants were recognized, their effect vary in the formation of the land forms. The geological structure had a role in the area of study. From the stratum side, the prevalent rocks are the calcareous and gypseous and salt (NaCl) which has the ability to melt , but especially the sandstone, mudstone and the potter clay stones. Morphologically, the basin is located in a region that was effected by the cleaves, taps and crack. These are weak points. The topography of the area is relatively low. The basin is within the lower valleys, the general inclination of the region is towards Alrazzaza lake to the east. The old climate has a role in the geomorphology of the basin area in terms of the lands forms less intense than in the Plaestcyne Age. Water resources contribute in assessing the volume of water revenues and how to make use of it. Groundwater represented in two activities : the first is the chemical activity, represents the melting of process before the land form calricine, while the second of the mechanical activity includes the process of damping the rock which lead to its collapse. The soil represent the bottom of valley soil, mixed desert gypsum soil, salt soil, sand soil. While the natural plant was characterized by the variety and rarity including the longevous plants and annual plants. The quantities analysis was made to the features of the fluvial network, including the area and form, and the topographical morphological features and knowing the fluviatile forms. The land forms were classified into nine different forms resulting from (morphological land forms) and the land forms resulting from downfall, forms and land form resulting from the water disrobement and land forms resulting from the ridging predisposition and the land forms and finally man - made land forms.

امكانات التنمية الاقليمية في محافظة ميسان == The Potentialities For Regional Development In Missan Governorate

Author name: ميادة كاظم عبد قمبر
Supervisor name: عطا الله سليمان راهي الحديثي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يمثل حجم الامكانات الجغرافية المتاحة (الطبيعية والبشرية) وتوزيعها الجغرافي ضمن الحيز المكاني للاقليم مرتكزا اساسيا يمكن من خلاله الكشف عن واقع المؤهلات التنموية ومدى امكانية استثمارها في تحقيق التنمية المكانية للاقليم بشكل عام وللمناطق المتخلفة بشكل خاص. | The development represents the basic element that contributes in developing the economical and social frame of any territory , through the optimum utilizing of the developmental resources which are available within the geographical space as well as their active role in providing the good opportunities of work to the natives and increasing the rate. so this will put the unprogressive reality into economical progress. Therefore the development in Missan comes to reveal the developmental reality through highlighting its geographical and economical features and determining how the future image of the developmental reality will be , and to diagnose the obstacles which prevent from reaching this aim within the unprogressive economical regions in the governorate. Missan governorate has got many natural and economical potential such as : its borders with Iran which can be used in the commercial and economical exchanging between the two neighbors , and also its large area which are about (3,7%) of Iraq's total area and the fertile land which forms about (3,6%) of Iraq's total agricultural land. The governorate can be considered an importing center of production , due to its containing of several fields of oil and natural gas. It also has got a resource of raw materials which enter in the sugar , paper , oil plant and plastic industry, in addition to many industrial constructions like bricks and stones , there are also touristic elements which are represented by the marshes that qualify to be a tourists 'attraction and a resource of animal , fishy and agricultural wealth as well as possessing many archaeological sites and religious shrines, it possesses about (380) archaeological sites. The availability of human potentials in the governorate represents an important element in driving the elements of the place and its components to specific directions according to its available possibilities from one hand and revealing the means which fulfill the development of those possibilities on the other one. Therefore the study is entitled The potentialities for regional development in Missan governorate to show the most prominent possibilities and advantages which the governorate has through four chapters , Chapter one includes the natural resources in Missan and development possibilities, Chapter two deals with the human resources and development possibilities, Chapter three discuses the economical reality in Missan and development possibilities , Finally , chapter four highlights and san social reality and infrastructure in the governorate.

التحليل المكاني لانتشار ظاهرة الارهاب في العراق دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Spatial Analysis Of The Spread Of The Phenomenon Of Terrorism In Iraq (Study In Political Geography)

Author name: مؤيد زاحم فيصل عباس
Supervisor name: عباس غالي داوود الحديثي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تتناول هذه الرسالة ظاهرة الارهاب من منظور الجغرافية السياسية ومدى ما ينطبق منها على العراق. ولهذا جاء العنوان ( التحليل المكاني لانتشار ظاهرة الارهاب في العراق ـ دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية). لقد تحددت مشكلة الدراسة في سؤال رئيسي نصه ( ما المقصود بالتحلي | The current thesis addresses the phenomenon of terrorism from the geopolitical prospective and the extent of its appliance to Iraq. Thus, the title came as (The Spatial Analysis of the Circulation of Terrorism Phenomenon in Iraq - A Study in the Geopolitics). The study problem was defined in one main question saying (What is the meaning of spatial analysis of terrorist operations from the geopolitical prospective) which led the researcher into other questions such as what are the causes behind the prominence of terrorism phenomenon? What is the pattern of distributing the terrorist operations? What are the impacts of these operations? What are the strategies developed domestically, regionally and internationally to confront this phenomenon. As to the research basic hypothesis, it stated (the governorates ethnically diverse and of long borders were more affected with terrorist operations). Hence, the research aims are mainly represented in identifying the terrorism territories in Iraq, stating terrorism impacts and how to confront it from a geographic prospective. The study significance lies in being the first of kind in Iraq as a scientific thesis in the field of geopolitics - and may in the Arab Homeland - especially when the followed method in analyzing the phenomenon is the system approach which is one of the very modern methods in the geographic use, opening the door wide in front of the researchers, students, professors and specialists to many types of studies about terrorism phenomenon. Within that light, the thesis was divided into five chapters including thirteen sections. The first chapter was a theoretical framework of the study, while the second chapter was dedicated to define the concept of terrorism, its causes and goals, whereas the third chapter was specified to analyze the patterns of (distributing) terrorist operations. As to the fourth chapter, it addressed the factors affecting the circulation of terrorist operations in Iraq, then the fifth chapter dealt with the strategies followed to confront this phenomenon. The study arrived at a pool of conclusions, the most important of which were the non reaching to a collective preventive internationally accepted concept of terrorism, the terrorist operations increase with the increase of population intensity and diversity in the governorates, and Baghdad governorate had the biggest share of the overall terrorist operations. The thesis recommended the necessity of the geographers' participation in the process of analyzing the maps and data related to terrorism, the necessity to construct an efficient neutral security system of army, police and other forces supported by effective economic, political and social systems in a way ensuring the restoration of vitality and coherence to Iraq as being an effective geopolitical unit in the regional and international systems in the field of dealing with terrorism phenomenon

الاتجاه العام للغطاء الغيمي واثره على التساقط في العراق : دراسة في جغرافية المناخ == The General Attitude Of The Cloud Cover And Its Impact On Precipitation In Iraq - A Study In Climate Geography

Author name: مها عيسى توفيق الدلو
Supervisor name: بدر جدوع احمد المعموري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study (The General Attitude of the Cloud Cover and Its Impact on precipitation in Iraq ) aims to determine the general direction of low and medium clouds in Iraq during the period of the study between (1988 - 2013) , determine the general direction of the total cloud (N) and low and medium clouds cover (Nh) in order to determine what if the clouds in Iraq have increased in repetition number or decreased during the study period, and then determine the relationship between clouds and rain in Iraq by the statistical relationship.Clouds have a great importance in nature where they are considered as the main distributor of precipitation types on earth and the air in contact with them. They reflect a ratio of about 80% of solar radiation. They also keep the long wave ground thermal radiation from escaping to the external space. The main reason for the formation of these clouds are the depressions that affect them in terms of the number of their frequencies and consequently the frequencies and the types of clouds differ from one season to another and from one area to another. Thus, in this study, the light was shed on the general attitude of the cloud cover to define to what the registration of the frequencies of cloud cover with its amounts and types during the study duration (1988 - 2013), especially that the climatic changes occurring in the world highly influenced the registrations of various climate elements including registrations provide depressions and are highly responsible of forming clouds with their types. As we mentioned before, the clouds and their direction were studied by dividing the study duration into two climatic periods (1988 - 2001) and (2002 - 2013) to show the averages of both periods and the differencebetween them and to identify which clouds registered a more decrease ratio during both periods.The cloud cover is regarded as one of the main indicators to express the amounts of the rains falling over the earth surface, hence the types most affecting the precipitation (rains) were studied, i.e. the low and middle height clouds. Despite that, it was shown that not all types of low and middle height clouds were productive clouds for some types were largely responsible of forming precipitation compared to other types which had no role but very little. It also was shown that there were certain types responsible of rains at the study area, so to achieve this goal of the study, the researcher collected all the hourly data about the types of clouds with respect to the low and middle height clouds, as well as the hourly data related to the cloud cover. They were examined in the form of rainy seasons starting from (September, October, November, December) and ending in (January, February, March, April, May).The study also included the deduction of the relation among the types of clouds, the cloud cover and the collections of rains through the statistical relationship (the correlation coefficient) to show the extend of relationship among them. The analysis during the study showed that there was a decrease in the frequency average of the low and middle height types of clouds with different ratios from one type to another. Also, there was a decrease in the coverage of clouds, especially the types most affecting the amount of rains. Moreover, there was a strong positive relationship with some types of clouds, the cloud coverage and rains, while this relationship was weak and negative with other types of clouds and the cloud coverage.For the study to include the general attitude of the types of clouds, the coverage of clouds and its relation with rains, it was studied in five chapters :

تحليل خرائط المؤشرات التخطيطية للخدمات الاجتماعية في مدينة المحمودية

Author name: منى محمد علاوي
Supervisor name: حسام صاحب حسون ال طعمة
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ترمي الرسالة الى دراسة تحليل خرائط الخدمات الاجتماعية في مدينة المحمودية والتعرف على التباين المكاني في الخدمات الاجتماعية (التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية ) فضلا عن معرفة امكانية تحليل الخدمات الاجتماعية في عكس واقع وكفاءة تلك الخدمات في منطقة الدراسة والكش

المديونية العربية واثارها : تحليل في الجغرافيا السياسية == Indebtedness Arabic And Ats Effect Analysis In Geographic Political

Author name: معــن حسين عبد الله
Supervisor name: اعياد عبد الرضا عبد ال
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد مشكلة الديون الخارجية من اهم القضايا التي واجهت الدول العربية في العقود الماضية، والتي تقف عائقا في طريق سعيها نحو تحقيق التنمية، كانت بداية ازمة المديونية للدول العربية في السبعينات من القرن العشرين الا انها لم تشكل خطورة على تلك الدول وكانت اسعار ال

دراسة الوحدات الجيومورفولوجية للمنطقة بين وادي العيدي ووادي جران واثرها في توزيع الترب

Author name: مصعب صبحي احمد سعودي العاني
Supervisor name: سعدي عبد عودة الدليمي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:

اقليم كردستان في العراق : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Kurdistan Region In Iraq Study In Political Geography

Author name: مصطفة عبد الرسول احمد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: محمد محيي عيسى الهيمص
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Operating in Iraq's Kurdistan locations geographically very important is the land north and north - east of Iraq linking Hilltin of the Northern Highlands in the Middle East, namely the Anatolian Plateau, and the plateau of Iran, the plain sedimentary supervisor of the Arabian Gulf, and was such a site repercussions of major political affected Iraq's unity, worked interventions of neighboring countries, in addition to global interventions, in destabilizing the security and stability of Iraq, taking advantage of the tension and conflict between the central government, which rolled on the rule of Iraq and leaders of the armed factions, Kurdish, which is always what has seen bloodshed between the sons of the same country, and the beneficiary is the this is supported by the conflict, which lasted for many years, although for the Kurds in northern Iraq to self - rule in the March 11, 1974, includes the areas of their presence in the three governorates (Sulaimaniya, Erbil, Dohuk), but are free to Kurdish leaders on the annexation of Kirkuk and other areas, led a return to armed conflict, after the bombing of the city of Halabja Kurds, the decision of the checks on No. 688 of 1991 on international protection, then elected for a government that represents the area of the province, either after the fall of the regime, entered the Peshmerga forces to Kirkuk and other areas and different, but the American forces, and the stance of while taking decision agreed by all opponents of the former regime after the formation of the state. After the formation of the state won the Kurdish areas in the state, including the President of the Republic, however returned the issue of Kirkuk and other areas that claim to be historically Kurdish to the forefront and after placing the permanent constitution named these areas Disputed them , demanded the Kurds Article 140 received in the polarity of Kirkuk and to confirm the contents of Article 58 of the Law State Administration for the transitional period in order to accomplish their demands for a process of normalization, census and referendum in Kirkuk and other disputed areas, which are still pending until now. And when they are assured of the Kurdistan Regional Government to the province of Kirkuk, the separation or independence will announce the inevitable, because the main Kurdish endeavors that relate to their goals for future (independent Kurdistan) even under the arrangements and the names of federalism. As long as there are international relationships at the level of the United States, Israel and others. Their project and the systematic and programmed to divide the land of Iraq.

تحليل خرائط مؤشرات كثافة استعمال الارض في مدينة بغداد

Author name: مريم عبد الهادي اكوش
Supervisor name: حسام صاحب حسون ال طعمة
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى اعداد وتحليل خرائط لاستعمالات الارض الحضرية والكثافات السكانية والحضرية والسكنية في مدينة بغداد على كافة المستويات الحضرية ابتداء من اكبر مستوى هو البلدية ثم الحي السكني والى اصغر وحدة ادارية والتي تتمثل بالمحلة السكنية لعامي 2009 - 2015 | r urban grounding, and population, urban and housing densitie urban levels including the largest component of municipality and the smallest component of neighborhood during 2009 - 2015 through spotting lights on the way of distributing population density and the main reasons behind such distribution. The study has identified the different patterns of housing, industrial, general services, open and green lands, farming, governmental, transportation, and the like uses. It also explicates the way of distribution of these densities in the various administrable units of the area under investigation through setting up and analyzing a set of maps. This study has three chapters ; chapter one deals with describing the uses of maps for land density at the municipality level , chapter two deals with setting up ground density grouping maps for the various neighborhoods of the present study, while chapter three deals with analyzing the ground density grouping maps for the smallest administrable units. The researcher has used the descriptive methodology and digit - quantification map analysis methodology. That is, it has been used maps and satellite images of Baghdad city, and setting up a set of maps for the area under investigation via the data provided by the governmental official institutions. The study has 61 maps and 41 tables. The study has come up with a number of concluding findings. It has been emphasized the significance of digital maps in magnifying the density image for the smallest housing area or so - called neighborhood. The following neighborhoods (303, 311, 109, 111, 113, 117, 119, 125, 127, 129, 131, 520, 522, 526, 528, 532, 534, 540, 542, ' 544, 54, 548, 550, 522, 554, 560, 560, 562, 527, 529, 531, 544, 546, 550, 552, 554, 556, 558, 560, 562, 627, 529, 531, 533, 539, 541, 543, 547, 549, 551, 553, 559, 561 ', 563, 563, 565, 567, 569, 513, 517, 519, 521, 555, 557, 571, 571, 573, 575, 752, 754, 758, 701, 713, 715, 719, 715, 721, 732, 737, 751, 753, 771, 773, 789,913,950,813,673,421,454,458,460,462,472, 416, 418, 418, 426, 462,430) have high urban density of 500 person per a hectarein 2015. Also, the administrable units have accessed the permissible population limit, and a number of solutions have been put forward

جيومورفية الكثبان الرملية في قضاء الرفاعي == Geomorphic Sand Dunes In The District Of Al - Rifai

Author name: مريم عبد الامير مطرود الطائي
Supervisor name: جاسب كاظم عبد الحسين الجوهر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The Study aims to detect natural factors affecting the formation of sand dunes in AL - Rifai Distrect, and showing their effects on the geomorphic operations and disclosure of the nature of the operations geomorphic processes, measuring their activities, knowing their immediacy and future effects, identifying the shapes of the prevailing sand dunes in the raised by environmental and identify forms of sand dunes prevailing in the region, and measuring their dimensions and activity and knowing their effects in the region and producing a Geomorphic detailed map including most units and Geomorphic appearances inside it, and discovering the mutual effects between the sand dunes and its impact on human activity in the region to evaluate natural resource , The study area is located administratively in the northern part from province of Dhi Qar province, which is bounded by north Wasit province, on the east by Miysan province , on the west AL - Qadisya and simawa provence and from south by Shatra District , and from southwest part by AL - Batha Locality , Astronomically located between latitudes(32 - 31 20) north, and the length between the brackets(45 45 - 46 20) east, As it can be seen from the map (1). The area ( 3.300)kilometer (1,320,000)acres. an estimated 25,58% from space Dhi Qar.the study Included of four chapters , first chapter shows the natural factors that effecting the formation of sand dunes, which at geology study area and general surface characteristics and climatic characteristics of the water situation and the characteristics of soil and the characteristics of natural plant ,chapter two included geomorphic processes prevailing inthe study area, which includes the morphomanakhic processes of chemical weathering and physical weathering the biological ) as well as wind erosion processes and al Heidrogiomorvih operations which is presented by ( The emanation deltas). These processes according to their impact on the formation of sand dunes as an aspect of the ground , Chapter three clarifies the Sand dunes geomorphic turning to the (volumetric analysis for the sandy sediment by using the constant statical and the formal characteristics for the sediment. It also interested in analyzing the morphometric characteristics of the sand dunes , such as the movement of the sand dunes , the geographical distribution and the most prevailing forms of sand Chapter four devoted to the study and research of the applied aspects by clarifying the impact of the sand dunes on the human activity , which is presented by geographical distribution the irrigation and drainage projects, residential areas, agricultural activity, transportation and the human health, The study has been ended with some conclusions and suggestions.

التباين المكاني لخصائص الترب في قضاء الوركاء واثره في الانتاج الزراعي == Spatial Variation Of The Characteristics Of Soils In The District Of Warka And Its Impact On Agricultural Production

Author name: مروه محسن محمد البركات
Supervisor name: رحيم حميد عبد ثامر العبدان
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This study of soil geographical analysis of natural and human factors and their impact on the soil of Warka spend that formed the northwestern part of the province of Muthanna was accreditation in this study on the information and data from the desktop and fieldwork properties was conducted using the software, geographic information systems, and laboratory work to analyze soil samples models The study involved three natural units are mixed unit banks and unit easy spate low and the unity of the desert. It has shown by the results of the analysis that there is variation in the physical characteristics of the sites sampled the study area (Alencjh, virtual and real density porosity, soil moisture, tip the water and water conductivity rate) and chemical properties (organic matter, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, the degree of soil reaction, ions positive and negative) as varied between cultivated and non - cultivated areas and soil Badia these properties as she was fertile banks of the finest of the rest of the types of other items and then followed by soil easy spate The soil of the desert, it was clear by the results that he can not do agricultural activity only after followers of the methods of non - conventional for treatment in order to invest agriculturally and clarified study the effect of the physical and chemical properties of the soil of Warka spend on agricultural production and conduct geographic assessment of the reality of production where and see what types of crops grown within the study area as varied soil study area in agricultural brands and when evaluated according to the terms of agriculture but by usability productivity Vtnoat to several arieties of arable and non - valid

الخصائص المورفومترية لحوض وادي افي سركه في محافظة دهوك == Morphometric Characteristics For Afi Sarka Valley Basin In Duhok City

Author name: مروة علي طاهر
Supervisor name: اسامة خزعل عبد الرضا الشريفي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يقع مجرى افي سركه ضمن منطقة اقدام الجبال(سلسلة جبال كاره وسلسلة جبال متين) وتجري مياهه محكومة بطيه مقعرة( طية عمادية - خابور) ذات امتداد من الشرق الى الغرب حتى تصل مياهه الى نهر الخابور.يتكون حوض افي سركه من13 حوضا ثانويا يمثل الحوض الشمالي (7)احواض والج | Afi Sarka Stream lies within mountains feet region ( Kara Mountains Series and Mateen Mountains Series) , its water governed by concave herewith ( Emadya - Khabor herewith) with extend from east to west till its water reach to Khabor River. Afi Sarka river basin consists of 13 secondary basin, northern basin represents 7 basins , southern 6 basins , and 100% of northern basins waters come from fountainheads and 70% of southern basins waters come from fountainheads also and these waters suitable for various human uses. Region of study comprises variety in the appeared rock contains that waters flow in the secondary basins , and main stream for Afi Sarka related to eras of ( Kretasi, Balyoucin, Ayocin, Meyocin, Blayocin, and quarrel era Blaisqucin and Holocin), most these forms are from sand stone , limestone stone and mud stone which are insoluble rocks in ordinary circumstances , therefore they are not contributed in changing water quality specifications. Form of region consists of three convex herewith from them are Mateen Series and represent northern secondary basins field and Kara Series and represent southern secondary basins field as well as concave herewith mediate the two herewith and represent field of flow Afi Sarka River and both basins secondary northern and southern. Topographically ,region divided into three fields follow mile direction , first field includes main stream of Afi Sarka basin and extend to east study field and begin with Kantor line (900) m above sea surface level and end by Kintor line (700) fi Sarka basin northern western region study at Afi Sarka basin fountain in Khabor river , while second river is the northern basins field and begins from Kintor line (2000)m above sea surface level in far north region and directed to eastern northern - western southern and this field occupies this secondary basins of Afi Sarka basin and end by Kintor line (700) m above sear surface level, while third field is southern basins field in far southern region and directed to western southern - northern eastern and include the southern basins of Afi Sarka basin and begins from Kintor line ( 1800) m above sea surface level and end by Kintor line (800) m above sea surface level and these Kintor directions are main reason for formation all parts of Afi Sarka basin because they are responsible on surface flow direction within main stream borders and they are also the main factor that contributed in drawing forms of this basin with the flowing waters.Afi Sarka basin square is ( 318) km2 and morphometricaly , considers one of middle square basins , secondary basins square for Afi Sarka is ( 288) km2 and by applying morphometric equation appeared that Afi Sarka basin in its base circulation, while morphometric coefficient have been shown increasing value of basin form (36.98) and this value means sloping Afi Sarka basin from middle to sever slop and this also means middle activity for erosion and geomorphologic working in the basin. While value of bumpy basin was very low ( 0.088) and this means that basin is in the first stage of erosion circle. Geometric numbers values have been shown middle degree (3.219) indicated to erosion activity with middle sever, results of homsopheremetric coefficient explained erosion activity with middle sever , (70%) of basin parts appeared unaffected by erosion and reason here related to hardness of rocks and its severity for resistance processes of erosion. Length section standards of Afi Sarka basin also confirmed that it is still at the beginning of stage and work for most parts of basin

النظام الهيدرولوجي لنهر دجلة في مدينة بغداد واثره في بعض الخصائص الجيومورفولوجية

Author name: مروه عبد السلام محمد
Supervisor name: اسحق صالح العكام
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study examined temporal changes of the Tigris River in the city of Baghdad included hydrological characteristics of the river section length (48 km) extending from the bridge Muthanna, north of Baghdad to the beginning of the confluence of the Tigris River south of Baghdad, Diyala River. Emphasis was placed on the system study hydrology of the river discharge and the level of water and the factors affecting the variability annually and quarterly on a daily basis, it is found that the water discharge of the river rate may disagree a big difference from what it was since the beginning of 1931 until the year 1998 and declined after the water drainage is very large since 1999 2014 has all the features of this period is the dry years, accompanied by a decrease in the water level reached 28 m after it was recorded 29 and 30 m during the previous years. As a result of the low water discharge in the lack of speed of the water current of the Tigris River where it reached the highest rate of speed when Muthanna 1.699 m / s bridge while I found in the south of Baghdad and arrived at the site 1.258 m / s. All of these factors have helped to increase the tonnage of river rates of the weakness of the river energy to transport and disposal, where the annual rate amounted to load outstanding for the year 2013 (29131200 / ton) and the rate of the bottom load for the same year reached (5826240 / ton), and accompanied by a high in concentrations of dissolved load of the river in 2012 and caused back to the Tigris river water pollution. As a result of the high river cargo rates have effect on river islands properties in the stream that have been changed over the years (1985, 2000,2013) in dimensions and forms an area because of the change Algiomorvolgah operations characteristics of the term to the other, and noticed that most of the islands increased area to reach the highest area in in 2013 and some of them turned into a permanent Islands because of the activity and overcome the deposition process of erosion, but did not arrive in the concentration reaches to the point of bifurcation. The results of the study, said the Tigris River in the city of Baghdad with a small decline (almost straight) reached 25 cm per 1 km and has a hydraulic characteristics of semi - regular in the rectum, but thebiggest difference in the other parts, and found to compare cross - sections of the Tigris River for the year 1991 with clips of 2008 The river has seen a significant change in cross - section transverse to become more flatness and few in the presentation of its course with a shallower depth of change in the pattern of erosion and sedimentation in twists river, increasing the sediment that has worked to increase the friction of the clips coefficient reaching friction for the year 2008 the rate is (17.49m), obstruction of traffic flow when the friction rate (2.68m) in the year 1991, all these entry points geomorphological aspects of the Tigris River advanced aging.

الابعاد المكانية للتنمية الاقتصادية في قضاء القائم == Spatial Dimensions Of Economic Development In The Province Of Qaim

Author name: محمد عطا الله علي خلف المحلاوي
Supervisor name: ياسين حميد بدع المحمدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: اخذت عملية تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية تحتل اهمية كبيرة في الدراسات الاقتصادية على مستوى الدول المتطورة والمتخلفة اقتصاديا لكونها تاخذ دورا رئيسا في بناء اقتصادياتها. ومن هذا المنطلق، فقد تناول هذا البحث دراسة واقع التنمية الاقتصادية في قضاء القائم وتحليل | Took achieve economic development occupies great importance in economic studies at the level of developed countries and underdeveloped economically because they take a major role in building their economies. In this sense , it has dealt with this research study and the reality of economic development in the district - based and analysis , With the development of appropriate future development strategies for the development of levels of economic development in the existing spend through five main chapters included the structure of the research as well as conclusions and recommendations. It included the first chapter " natural geographical cornerstones for economic development in the existing spend , and included the second chapter " on the human and economic underpinnings and the determinants of economic development in the existing spend , while included in Chapter III " on the reality of the agricultural sector، And levels of industrial development in the existing spend , " included Chapter V " future geographic trends for economic development in the existing spend , by selecting the appropriate developmental trends to address the determinants of economic development and to achieve optimal exploitation of the development of the possibilities available as well as identifying development strategies that include several development alternatives to give great flexibility in the field of economic development trends in the existing judiciary. In the course of the results that have been reached , show us that in spite of owning eliminate a large and diverse industrial activities and with an export stamp represented by the General Company for Phosphate Cement Plant - based as well as agricultural development possibilities , especially land suitable for agriculture and availability of water resources and large distinct developmental potential , but that the level of the economic efficiency of the industrial and agricultural activities, development and exploitation of the possibilities available, It is still not in line with the requirements of economic development in the existing spend due to lower level of productivity and economic efficiency of these activities and the inability to achieve optimum utilization of the development possibilities available and then double the contribution to the promotion of economic development opportunities in the existing levels of the Al - Qa'im District.

المقومات الجغرافية المؤثرة في قوة ايران الاقليمية : دراسة جيوبولتيكية == Geographical Variables And Their Effect On The Iran Regional Power Geopolitical Study

Author name: محمد عامر رسن اللامي
Supervisor name: شيماء محمد جواد الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الاهمية الاستراتيجية لاي موقع تترك اثرا مميزا في تاريخه السياسي وتطوره الاقتصادي كما في تعقيد مشكلاته ومصيره، فان هذه الاهمية من ناحية الجغرافية السياسية هي الاخرى متغيرة وغير ثابتة لانها مرتبطة بوضع الدولة اولا، وبتغير الاقاليم الجيوبولتيكية المحيطة ب | The strategic importance of any location has a " distinguished " effect on its political history , economic development in addition to the complication of its problems and its fate. Geopolitically speaking this importance is changeable and unstable because it is linked to the position of the state and to the change of the surrounding geopolitical regions and also to the change of the world balance of power. Iran is a big state in the region and possesses the basic element to play a big and distinguished regional role. Because of it strategic location , economic and natural resources area , population and military power , it cannot be undervalued and its interests cannot be ignored in any regional political , economic , security or strategic project because Iran can hinder any project with which it doesn't feel secure with regard to its interests and stability of its regime. The study is composed of three chapters. The first chapter deals with the geostrategic elements and their effect on the power of the state of Iran i.e , the natural and geographical elements of the stat of Iran including the location and the area in addition to the climate and the relief. This chapter also studies the elements of Iran's human geography with regard to its demographical ( age and quality ) structure , the size of the population and their development , the density of the population and their geographical distribution in addition to the ethno graphic structure ( ethnicity , language , religion )of the state of Iran. The chapter also studies Iran's economic elements with regard to the agriculture , industry and service sectors Added to that , it studies the Iranian military powers including the traditional powers represented by the Iranian army , the revolutionary guards and the mobilization forces , and the nontraditional powers such as the chemical and biological powers in addition to the nuclear powers ( Iran nuclear programmer The second of the regional powers balances. It studies the aspect of powers and the geographical analysis with respect to the aspect of power , the definition of power in addition to studying the equations of measuring the power of the state. This chapter encompasses the regional dimension of Iranian relations with the geographically neighboring countries through the Iranian relations with ( Iraq , Afghanistan , Pakistan , Arab states overlooking the Gulf , Turkmenistan , Azerbaijan , Armenia and Turkey ). The third chapter deals with the future scenarios for the transformation of Iran into regional super through the escalation of the Iranian regional role through Iran as a nuclear power and Genera nuclear treaty in addition to the possibility of the American - Iranian cooperation. The chapter also includes the retreat of the Iranian regional role through the economic sanctions and their impact on the states of Iran and the internal environment in Iran as well as the probability in the Israeli American military attack. The chapter ends with the continuation of the states quo scenario of Iran throughout the supportive opportunities and the curbs obstructing the continuation of the status quo. Throughout studying there three chapters , it has become clear that Iran possesses most of the physical power elements ( natural , Human , economic , military ) and that state of Iran refers to the fact that Iran has the ability to impact the behavior of other politicians through insisting on holding , firm on its national options and independence of its decision and position towards the regional and global issues.

منظمة حلف شمال الاطلسي (الناتو) : دراسة تطبيقية في الجغرافية السياسية للمنظمات الدولية == North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) An Applied Study In The Political Geography For International Organizations

Author name: محمد صالح عباس صالح محمد البرزنجي
Supervisor name: عباس غالي داوود الحديثي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لعل ابرز ما تميزت به العلاقات الدولية بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية, هو ظهور المنظمات الدولية الاقتصادية والسياسية والعسكرية..الخ, اذ بدات هذه المنظمات تمارس دورا فاعلا في المسرح العالمي, وما تقوم به من دور المراقبة والمساعدة والحماية على الدول والمجتمعات وص | Perhaps the most prominent characteristic of international relations after World War II , is the emergence of international economic, political and militarily organizations.. , as these organizations began to exercise a role player in the world stage , and what its role of monitoring and assistance and protection to the State and society down to the individuals , which make every effort to maintain the integrity of the global system , and provide assistance to states that request help economically , politically , militarily , health... etc. Based on these advantages enjoyed by international organizations, the study focused on international organizations in general and the North Atlantic Treaty organization (NATO) of geopolitical particular perspective, to review what international organizations and how the origins and what are the reasons for the emergence of these organizations, to assess the importance of the role that could be played by these organizations in New world system. And therefore it conducted a study on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization of the international organizations, in terms of starch composition and structure, and the strategy that control the movements of this organization and the role they can play in the global system, and the Arab world of the importance of geopolitical for the NATO organization The birth of the North Treaty Organization NATO is nothing but Europe delivery to the US administration for fear of Soviet attack on Europe and dominate them, Indeed, and through NATO the United States gained control of the European security , militarily , economically and culturally , and followed an expansionary policy by including the largest number of countries NATO in the dome for the purpose of encircling the Soviets and cut their expansion. And it was almost a successful operation for the United States in this trend. where NATO organization after ending the threat towards the eastern Arab world drawn attention expansive and as a way easier to get to the throne of world government. While the wild theory for each of the (Mackinder Speakman), is the primary reference for the US strategy in the heart encircling the ground, to go to the construction of military alliances and to complete the encirclement of Russia and prevent them from ideological and military expansion. Therefore, this study was divided into several chapters, the first chapter came to dealing with the theoretical framework on the study plan, while the second chapter dealing with international organizations in general, and the third chapter the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, in particular, in terms of starch composition and evolution over time, either in Chapter IV study has focused on the importance of the Arab world for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The study reached several conclusions including : become international organizations (global and regional), take the roles of not less than the roles of other actors function (states), in terms of impact on the lives of the world order, and the number of these organizations are growing very quickly and the different kinds. The study also proved that the emergence of NATO global actor manages crises and intervene in issues concerning the security of its members, and it has already been able to Shell Soviet expansionist movement, and has become a geopolitical force unlike any other in the world.

التنوع الاثني في جمهورية افريقيا الوسطى : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == He Role Of The Ethnic Groups In Central African Republic A Study In Political Science

Author name: محاسن جلوب وسمي
Supervisor name: عطا الله سليمان راهي الحديثي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى تحليل اثر التنوع الاثني لجمهورية افريقيا الوسطى ودوره في البنية السياسية عبر دراسة المعطيات التاريخية والمقومات الطبيعية والبشرية التي ادت الى ظهور ذلك التنوع ومن ثم بيان اثر هذا التنوع على امن واستقرار الدولة.طرحت الدراسة مشكلة التنوع ا | The study aims at analyzing the effect of the ethnic diversity in the Central African Republic and its role in the political structure through the study of the historical data, natural and human resources, which led to the appearance of that diversity. The study then shows the impact of this diversity on the security and stability of the state.The study discusses the problem of the ethnic diversity in Central African Republic and the impact of this problem on the ethnic extension in the neighboring countries. It also provides a clarification for the impact of the ethnic conflict on the political , economic, and social aspects of the state, especially with the different point of view of the modern African state for this multi ethic reality, whether accepting and approving this reality as legitimate, or in terms of rejecting it and refusing to acknowledging as a structural reality, which distinguishes the society, or the state attempt to jump over this fact and replace it with its central perspective. Geographical data led to both positive and negative an influential role in the multi - ethnic. Due to the location of the Central African Republic which is hermit in the heart of Africa, a continent away from the water canals caused different geographical difficulties in trade and contacts with outside world, also, the lack of a population which consists of three ethnicities who are Negroes Sudanese, Bantu and Dwarfs, which not commensurate with the size and wealth of the republic.The Republic of Central African is characterized by a huge cultural and ethnic diversity led to increase in languages and accent number , multiplicity of religions, Customs and traditions differences. This ethnic diversity Sort ethnic conflicts between the population as a results to the pluralistic nature of the society, economic and political factors and the role of international forces and regional powers in applied of such conflicts in favor of the colonial interests. Civil wars produced many negative results such as collapse of the state and undermined and the phenomenon of coups and political violence and sectarian phenomenon of refugees and the recruitment of children in armed conflict.The study also contained an explanatory maps and also a set of tables and charts, the study used the multiple and diverse sources in order to reach satisfactory results gain Acceptance of people with science and knowledge

اثر تغير المناخ في تغير مساحات الاهوار جنوب العراق (الناصرية - البصرة - العمارة) == The Impact Of Climate Change In The Areas Of Marshes In Southern Of Iraq Nasiriya, Basrah, Omara

Author name: مجيد حسين خضير الركابي
Supervisor name: يوسف محمد علي حاتم الهذال | سامي عزيز عباس العتبي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هذه الدراسة (اثر تغير المناخ في تغير مساحات الاهوار جنوب العراق (الناصرية، العمارة، البصرة) هي دراسة في علم المناخ التطبيقي (Applied Clomatology) اظهرت وجود تغير مناخي واضح في عناصر المناخ وظاهرة الغبار من خلال الاوساط المتحركة، والسلاسل الزمنية، وتحديد ا | This study concerned with the impact of climate change in the areas of marshes in Southern of Iraq( Nasiriya, Basrah and Omara).Is a study in applied climatology), showed the existence of clear climate change and dust phenomenon via the moving media and time series, and specifying the general trend and thorough statistic equitation, showed the existence of (C.V) between pre - drying period of marshes and after that , where it has been chosen Al - Nasiriya , Basrah and Omara) to represent the marshes state to follow - up their effects on the water climate balance , and studying the nature resources and water in come for Tigris and Euphrates rivers , also specifying time period ( 1941 - 2013) and analyzing them by quantities statistic, the study showed the existence of trend towards decline in number of solar radiation hours for all stations and showed the existence of clear indicators towards increasing mean air temperature and maximum and minimum temperatures especially after marshes drying , and wind speed are contrasted , in Nasriyah station trend towards decline clearly , and in Omara station , as for Basrah station trends towards increase and relative humidity towards decline in all stations , and Evaporation is also increased and variation the rain fall quantities where it declined in Basrah and Nasirya and increased in Omara station as for dust phenomenon where dust storm decreased and rising dust, decreased in Nasiriaya and Omara and increased in Basrh, and clear increase in the suspended dust in Nasirya and Basrah station , and more in Omara station. It has been use BANMAN - MONTETH depended by ( W.F.A.O) which depended on active rain and Evaporation, a clear change has occurred and all the station suffer from permanent deficit and time and special variation in the study area , and in spite of the permanent deficit , but, there was time and space variation , in Nasriya station trends towards decreased in Evaporation , while Basrah station towards increasing , coincidence with temperature increase and wind speed , as for Omara, which differed from the two station and there existed time variance at months levels and all the stations suffer from permanent deficit in climate water balance. The study shows the presence of development in Marshes refreshment process and the water in come from Tigris and The Euphrates has its effect on the inundated area and 1973 was depended as basic year for the required area which 8350 Km2, dried to reach less than 1000 Km 2, between(1990 - 2002) and re - back inundation an area of 3536 Km2 at the end 2013, of inundation (64%) of the qualified inundation area amounted 5560Km2 , and excluded an area 2790Km2, for the difficulty of restoring it to utilize it for agriculture and oil wells or disagreement of the its population to inundate them, we could say that , the climate change indicators in climate elements, reflected negatively on processes of refreshment marshes, where the effect appeared clearly on the study area.

التنافس التركي - الايراني المعاصر في منطقة المشرق العربي : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Turkish - Iranian Competition Contemporary In The Levant Arabic Study In The Geography Political

Author name: ماجد صدام سالم
Supervisor name: غالب ناصر عبد العزيز السعدون
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى معرفة المقومات الجغرافية المتميزة لمنطقة المشرق العربي، التي بدورها كانت محركا للتنافس بين تركيا وايران، التنافس من اجل المصالح السياسية والاقتصادية للدولتين، ولمجموعة من القوى الدولية والاقليمية الاخرى. تحاول فيها كل من تركيا وايران | This study aims to find out the ingredients geographical outstanding Levant region, which in turn was the engine of competition between Turkey and Iran, the competition, which was the political and economic interests of the two countries, and a range of international and regional powers other, and trying to Turkey and Iran, according to a specific strategy and using the tactics of political, economic and military, to get to purpose in influence and domination on the capabilities of the Levant region. Given the decline in the capacity of countries in the region, especially after the invasion of Iraq and the destruction of infrastructure by the United States and its allies, was the influence of Turkey and Iran, evident in a number of Arab countries, adding to the region's problems as a result of projects and strategies pursued by the two countries, and seeks to achieve targets in the Levant region during the period (2003 - 2013). Because of the comprehensiveness of the study and addressed to several aspects of the researcher as well as the need for scrutiny and analysis and linkage between variables geopolitical political, social, economic, and at all levels including international, regional and local alike. The study has adopted a set of scientific methods in a way serving the progress of the search, and fits the presentation and analysis of information and data that are available from their original sources, including the approach to the analysis of power and function - based approach. It has tried researcher where review the ingredients geographical stimulated those forces to compete geographic location, and the nature of the demographics varied (national and religious) which gave some of them area of influence in the equation of the rivalry between the two countries, as well as economic resources and especially energy resources, which were and still constitute one axes of competition between regional and international powers. It was the potential geopolitical in both the rivals contribute to play a major role in increasing the intensity of competition between them, the mere study of this potential and power factors in their possession, leading to the conclusion that the phenomenon of competition were normal between them, in terms of the status of the site geostrategic and hand human capacity populated ones, and economic well the nature of the political systems and military capabilities, and in turn, was the phenomenon of competition of strength and clear - cut between the two sides in many areas in the countries of the Levant region, through variables geopolitical, which stimulated this competition , which stimulated this competition, which does not exclude that the region is not just an arena for competition, but were often active a significant increase in the severity and impact of the peoples of the two countries and parties and regimes in the countries of the Levant region, the fact that these countries have encouraged some of the parties to enter the arena of competition and objected to the role of other parties. Followed Turkey and Iran, an economic policy aimed at achieving economic development within their respective countries, particularly Turkey, in addition to maintaining political stability and security there, and they encourage the countries of the region in economic cooperation with them, to achieve their interests in addition to that he attracts Arab and foreign investments into its territory. The rise Turkey as a regional power in the region is that Turkey offers a model to maintain a balance in its relations with the international and regional powers other than through the axis of moderate Arab and Islamic world, and this applies to the relationship with Israel, and with some countries in the Levant region. As for Iran, it has assumed the management of Axis anti - American policies in the region, and the support systems and movements, such as the Syrian regime and Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine and the Houthis in Yemen and loyalists in Bahrain. Has been formed so kind of new Cold War through this competition has strengthened competition happening between Turkey and Iran, the impact of an actor for some of the movements and parties, and to challenge the central authority in the Levant, and the establishment of group's armed organization enjoys a high degree of autonomy. The study found that the regional rivalry between Turkey and Iran will be in the future on the Levant region, in the three future scenarios determine the type of that relationship, the cooperation between the two countries, or a continuation of the rivalry between them, or the evolution of the occurrence of conflict, and eventually the survival and continued to compete for the next twenty years We discussed the outcome of this scenario is the most investigated. The study recommends that researchers need to conduct further studies and research on the area of the Levant in the next stage, in the light of the transformations taking place in the Arab region (Arab revolutions) to the presence of some of the participants between the countries of the Levant region and the rest of the world

التحليل المكاني للانفاق العسكري لدول الشرق الاوسط للمدة (1988 - 2015) == Spatial Analysis Of Middle Eastern Countries' Military Expenditure (1988 - 2015)

Author name: كرار احمد عطية نعمة
Supervisor name: بشار محمد عويد القيسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: جاءت الدراسة الموسومة بـ ( التحليل المكاني للانفاق العسكري لدول الشرق الاوسط) لمعرفة ما هو الانفاق العسكري وما اثر تلك النفقات على منطقة الشرق الاوسط بصورة عامة ودوله بصورة خاصة وطبيعة التباين في النفقات العسكرية بين تلك الدول واسباب هذا التباين خصوصا بعد | The study, entitled (Spatial Analysis of Middle Eastern Countries' Military Expenditure), is an attempt to find out what is meant by military expenditure, its effect on the Middle East, in general, and particularly the countries in this area, the nature of the differences in military expenditure among these countries and reasons behind these differences. This expenditure lately witnessed a remarkable increase; however most of these countries are developing and suffering from several economic and developmental problems. In this study, the researcher discusses the concepts of military expenditure and Middle East. The most prominent concepts, differences among these concepts and reasons behind differences among researchers concerning these concepts, were discussed. Besides, most the prominent geographical characteristics of the Middle East which serve the subject, concerning position, area and strategic importance of the area were tackled. The study also mentions world military expenditure by billions of dollars out of the gross domestic product, the most world countries spending on military sectors, among which were many countries from the Middle East. The researcher also discusses military expenditure for each continent and differences in such expenditure among continents. After that, military expenditure in the Middle East, in general, in million dollars, gross domestic product of each country were discussed to show the nature and extent of military expenditure of world, Middle East and each country separately. Then, the extent of military expenditure of each country in the Middle East, nature of differences and most profitable countries and companies from this expenditure were discussed. The researcher tried to mention the most prominent reasons behind such a difference in military expenditure and reasons led countries of the Middle East to resort to such a high level military expenditure. Then he tried to study the most important effects of such military expenditure (positive and negative effects), as well as clarify the future of military expenditure in the Middle East.

هجرة الكفاءات العربية : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Arab Efficiencies Immigration - A Study In Political Geography

Author name: قاسم عبد علي عذيب البهادلي
Supervisor name: عباس غالي داوود الحديثي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تكتسب هذه الدراسة اهميتها من موضوعها المتمثل بهجرة الكفاءات العربية (دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية (التي اخذت تحوز على اهتمام السياسيين والاقتصاديين والاجتماعيين منذ ستينيات القرن الماضي ولحد الان، بسبب تزايد اعداد الكفاءات العربية المهاجرة بشكل كبير جدا، | The political geography is concerned with the study of human phenomena of spatial dimension, thus this study acquires its significance from the topic represented by the political geographical dimensions of the immigration of Arab efficiencies which occupies the interest of politicians, economists and socialists since the sixties of the past century and till now, due to the increasing number of the immigrated Arab efficiencies so greatly, and with different patterns, forms and trends reflecting the circumstances called for this efficiencies immigration from the suburbs to the world capital center which worked at preparing the retardation factors in the Arab countries, for it created a expellant environment on one hand and found strong attracting factors on the other hand, which helped in creating strong currents of immigrating Arab efficiencies extending from the Arab East and Maghrib countries to the western countries at the Atlantic and Australian coasts. It seems that the colonial dependency and the economic and political relations have a clear role in the prominence of such trends of immigration which led the Arab countries to incur gross losses due to their efficiencies immigration for the importance of scientific efficiencies in the power of Arab countries and their national security, as well as their contribution in achieving the economic and social development and the loss caused by their immigration to the Arab countries scientifically and technologically, especially the efficiencies immigration is considered one of the dangerous problems suffered by the Arab countries in general, because the efficiencies immigration has contributed in the processes of scientific and technological development and progress of industrial States, and then the expansion of imbalance state in power potentialities and the increase of variance between the Arab countries expelling the efficiencies and the industrial States polarizing them, which means independency continuity of the Arab countries to the Developed countries in many domains, making them circle in their political, security and economic orbit. The West worked at sustaining the circumstances that make the immigration currents of Arab efficiencies continue towards it due to its urgent need for them; therefore all data refers to the continuity of Arab efficiencies immigration in the next years due to the continuity of the impetus factors existence more effectively than ever, with the nonexistence of an effective Arab strategy limits or stops the immigration of efficiencies or works at restoring the immigrant Arab efficiencies.
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