Author name:
علي احمد عبد اللطيف التميمي
Supervisor name:
قصي صبحي عباس الجميلي
Abstract:
1. The study shows that Tel Al - Thahab is one of the important archaeological sites that settled in the Diyala river basin along with the Asmar and Khafaji and Ashjala Hills sites and afford those sites of important cultural signs. Tel Al - Thahab was also associated culturally with Hamrin Basin sites including Tel Selima and Tel Halawa and yalki and this is shown by Architecture remains and archaeological finds through the clear resemblance.2. The excavations at the site resulted in finding three periods of civilization chronologically with the emergence of one of the period of the Early Dynastic period, Akkadian period and old Babylonian period, and it shows through the five Layers, and most likely that the site has passed early settling before Early Dynastic period due to the presence of remnants of building materials and rubble buried floors, but the emergence of underground water has prevented the completion of exploration and study of the remains.3. No clay tablets or written signs were discovered in Tel Al - Thahab to help the researcher to know the name of the settlement as it took the current name from the neighboring residents.4. The Architecture remains at the site showed that it was in a form of residential settlement in terms of the presence of the remains of habitation houses separated by narrow alleys, and what a variety of architecture features those houses carry, as well as the presence of kilns, stoves, docks, small warehouses, tombs that were buried under the floors of houses rooms.5. The remains of building lasted four layers level detected by excavations, The study of the archaeological site describes the clear similarities in the housing of the fifth layers houses in their first and the second floors, which dated back to the period of the Early Dynastic period which is the most likely date back to the period of the of the second and third Early Dynastic period in terms of the use of plano - convex bricks, which commonly its use a lot in this period compared with architecture plans that appeared in other sites. We note some variables in the house plan me within the first floor from the house plan in the second floor and indicate structural renovations at the site.6. The Akkadian House in the fourth layer shows the clear Architecture transfer from house plan for in the fifth layer, and notes that the constructor has chosen another place a little far from the former houses of the fifth layer, and the house took a different plan that gives the impression of architecture period in respect to house plans like the magnitude of the walls and the use of square shape bricks.7. The dwellings in the second and third layers of the site, which in turn go back to the old Babylonian period, had took another shape of planning and general details of the house, The house has a large front yard surround by several rooms , and we find that the construction of the walls is straight and regular and used special bricks in this e period, This is confirmed by the similarity in the dwellings with other sites back to the same period and artifacts found by the excavations within those houses.8. The study shows that the Tel Al - Thahab is rich with artistic products highlighted by archaeological findings including pottery, pottery plaques, seals, stone and metal materials.9. The pottery ware is a significant product among of the site in terms of the presence of pottery oven with the pottery remains within one of the layers, The shapes and sizes of pottery varied, and goes back to three cultural levels, as we note that the quantity of Early Dynastic period pottery is greater, characterized by large jars size, which were found inside the graves as a burial gift which is very similar to pottery jars uncovered by archaeological excavations in Tel Asmar and Khafaji. The clay color and the degree of burning varied from one jar to another.10. The Production of pottery types continued in Akkadian period. This period singled out close similarity with pottery models from Early Dynastic period, The study indicated the presence of other pottery forms like beautiful pottery pots that carry a variety of artistic inscriptions confirmed by researchers to be dated back to the late Akkadian period. As for the old Babylonian period pottery which has taken its own shape, like the color of clay ,The degree of burn, style pottery ware as well as the overall shape of the pottery jars and were mostly medium - sized, mostly known for the and small base that we find in the Hamrin basin sites.11. Sculptures and pottery plaques indicate that the site widely played an important role in the implementation of art works and this is evident through the great numbers uncovered by archaeological excavations which is most likely manufactured inside the settlement and thus art works are locally made.12. The sculptures and pottery plaques were characterized by abstract and realistic style and reflect the difference in style which intellectual diversity, reflecting the civilization and cultural side represented by the cultural or civilizational levels within the settlement.13. The sculptures and pottery plaques reflected a great deal of the prevailing of life at that time, including the hairstyles and different postures, forms show decorations, clothing, some other symbols life. These art works also reflected concern in animals’ shapes of such as cattle and birds.14. The scene cylinder seals suited the subjects that summed up by every period , The seals included subjects related to ancient myths, some of which represent introduction scenes before gods and others reflect the social aspect and the other represents the state of the conflict between humans and animals and the conflict of animals among themselves.15. The style of sculpture on seals varied from the period to another, Some of them had been carried out in a manner of deep cut, and some other in a shallow cut, The seals varied in type and color of stones they were made of to the characteristic of each period.16. The study shows that the site contained a diverse number of stone artefacts which refer to a possibility that the settlement presented various types sculpture on stone used as a housework , Architecture and other related to decoration.17. The site contained a good number of metal materials which emphasizes the possibility that the inhabitant of the settlement executed technical metal variety includes tools with the home use including pots and cups and some are used in hunting and self - defense like daggers and arrows, and manufactured artworks other belong to decorations. Those different metal works like bronze alloy and others made of copper metal.18. The study shows the site had witnessed a wide commercial activity and cultural openness with the ancient settlements in terms of the similarity of most of the findings with other sites in northern and southern Mesopotamia in particular, The existence of variety of precious stones including carnelir, lapis lazuli which is implemented in the form of cylindrical seals and some are used in the decorations. As well as economic exchanges trade which includes mineral raw materials such as copper, which in turn interfere in the process of manufacturing metal business.
