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دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية مقارنة للجنسين Melilotus Mill. وScorpiurus L. (Leguminosae) في العراق == A Comparative Morphological And Anatomical Study of Melilotus Mill. And Scorpiurus L. Genera (Leguminosae) In Iraq

Author name: وسام عيدان جبر الشمري
Supervisor name: سهيلة حسين باجي اللامي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجري البحث الحالي في العام الدراسي (2013 - 2014), اذ تناول دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية مقارنة للجنسين Melilotus Mill. وScorpiurus L. في العراق, والتي شملت اربعة انواع للجنس الاول وهي M. alba Desr. وM. indica L. وM. messanensis L. وM. officinalis L. ونوع واحد ذ | The current research was conducted in the academic year (2013 - 2014), it a comparative morphological and anatomical study of Melilotus Mill. and Scorpiurus L. genera in Iraq, which included four species of the first genus M. alba Desr., M. indica L., M. messanensis L. and M. officinalis L., and one species is two variety to second genus (S. muricatus var. muricatus L. and S. muricatus var. subvillosus L.).Morphological characteristics studied and carried it comparison, starting from the root and the end of fruit and the seed for all species of genera and adopted the most attested qualities and importance in the diagnosis and isolation of those species, as well as prepared the tables, paintings and painted illustrations that serve this purpose. The stem length importance in isolating S. muricatus var. muricatus for M. alba, and through follow - up field for two types of M. indica and M. messanensis observed that the young’s stem contain the trichomes which disappear in the amounting stem for them. It can be used peduncle to isolate the genera from each other in non - interference between them. the flag leaf height character can be to isolate the M. indica from the other species of Melilotus genus has been a summit flag leaf contrast and a clear contrast between the species under study were obtuse in variety of S. muricatus species and retuse or emarginate in M. officinalis while it was emarginate in the other species. The colors of corolla, forms of petals, forms of stipules and size it, shape of the leaves, margins, size and shape of pod as well as color seeds, surface and volume of taxonomic importance of clear and significant in the diagnosis and isolation of species.Studied the anatomical characteristics of each stems, petioles, leaves and venation to species of genera under study, it was stem and transvers section forefront of the anatomical study from the rest of the other parts.The cross sections of the leaves blades showed taxonomic importance in terms of blade thickness and the number of rows to intrafascicular bundle and the number of bundles in each row and thick it possible could be diagnosis of genera species, normal epidermis cells and stomatal type to leaves exchange also studied increased the important qualities in diagnosis, also studied the anatomical characteristics of petioles, and the transvers section had taxonomic importance could be through the divided of species on four groups depending on what it had helped to diagnosed and isolate of species gender. It was a taxonomic key to the separation of the genera species under study and described four species of Melilotus and one species with two variety of Scorpiurus accurate and detailed description.

دراسة تاثير الذيفان حال الدم الفا المستخلص من بكتريا Echerichia.coli في فعالية واستجابة الخلايا المناعية == Study The Effect of The Alpha Hemolysin Toxin Extracted From Echerichia Coli In The Activity And Response of Immune Cells

Author name: وقار عدنان حمدان الكبيسي
Supervisor name: ذكرى عدنان جواد المسلماوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية محورين الاول الحصول على عزلات من بكتريا E.coli من المرضى المصابين بخمج السبيل البولي اذ تم الحصول على اربعة عزلات من بكتريا E.coli من مختبر الصحة العامة في كربلاء، وعزلة من بكتريا E.coli من براز شخص سليم من مستشفى الاطفال في كربلاء و| The isolation of E.coli bacteria from patients with urinary tract infection, Four isolates were obtained from the public health laboratory in Karbala, and isolation of E.coli bacteria from the feces from healthy person and S.aureus from the public health laboratory, on the basis of microscopic diagnosis and biochemical test isolates were confirmed diagnosis.This axis also included the investigation of the ability of four UTIs isolates to produce the toxin qualitatively on blood agar and measuring the diameters of hemolysis and quantitatively by measuring the amount of hemoglobin released from the RBCs.The toxin (hemolysin) was extracted from the most efficient isolate, after the cultivation in the chemically defined medum (CDM) The highest dilution gave hemolytic activity on blood cells 1/32 (320 units / ml), but after sedimentation, dialysis and freeze - drying found that (1 / 64) caused hemolysis of 50% of the blood cells compared to the standard curve.The results of this study, indicated that the role of the toxin (Hemolysin) in the pathogenecity and virulence of E.coli, lowered the lethal dose (LD50) of the bacteria which decreased from (107 × 3.16 cells / mL) to (106 × 2.34 cells / mL).The second axis included the study of the immune responce included : Studying the effect of the toxin on the immune cells isolated from the peritoneum of the mice through its effect on viability of these cells, using the concentrations of the toxin that showed the hemolytic activities (100, 90.70, 50.25) %, as well as determine the effect of the toxin on the phagocytosis S.aureus process in different periods The study found that the toxin effect on the immune cells depends on the concentration used.The low concentrations of the toxin, which showed hemolytic activity (25%) did not affect the viability of immune cells and their ability to phagocytosis where the results of the statistical analysis showed no significant difference (0.05 <p) in comparison with control, while high concentrations of the toxin showed effects on the viability of immune cells and on phagocytosis where statistical analysis significant difference (0.05> p) compared to control treatment, and the results showed that the effect of the toxin on the phagocytosis depended on the concentration and time, where phagocytic Index decrease with dose and time.It was estimated the level of cytokins (IL - 1B, IL - 2, IL - 6, TNF) in plasma were estimated for mice injected with sub lethal dose 50 (106) of the non hemolytic E.coli isolated from stool and another group which injected with LD50 of the toxin (25%) and a third group were injected with a mixture of bacteria the toxin in addition to the control group injected with normal saline, The level of cytokins during different periods of time (6, 12, 24, 48, 72) hour were estimated, where it was found that the sub LD50 of the non hemolytic E.coli had no effect on the level of TNF while sub LD50 of the toxin had no significant effect as well as the doses of the mixture in comparison with control treatment while the other cytokins, Results showed little rise in the level of IL - 1? in mice injected with non hemolytic bacteria and when the injection with sub LD50 as well as two doses mixture was large, as well as the case for IL - 2 and the IL - 6, but in different proportions, from this we conclude that the toxin stimulates the liberation of the IL - 1 and IL - 2 and the IL - 6 from immune cells, but does not affect the TNF.

دراسة مناعية لمستضد متعدد السكريد للفطر Aspergillus niger في الارنب == Immunological Study of Aspergillus Niger Polysaccharide Antigen In Rabbit

Author name: غدير كاظم عبود الخفاجي
Supervisor name: نداء شهاب حمد | فريال جميل عبد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت خلال هذه الدراسة 50 عينة تمثلت ب 25 عينة تربة و25 عينة قشع من اشخاص مصابين بالتدرن الرئوي والوافدين لمركز التدرن والامراض الصدرية في محافظة بابل خلال المدة المحصورة للفترة من تشرين اول 2013 ولغاية شباط 2014 تم خلالها عزل الفطر Aspergillus niger وبنس | fifty specimens were collected, 25 samples were collected from soil while the other 25 sample were collected from sputum of pateints with Tuberculosis, who admitted to thoracic diseases center in Babylon province in period October 2013 to Febreury 2014. Aspergillus niger Has been Isolated from these sample with 56% appearance in soil & 48% in sptum of TB pateints.these isolated were examined micro and macroscopically. purified Fungi was culture on potato dextrose broth, after incubation period polysaccharide antigen of A.niger cell wall was prepared for isolated from soil and TB patients suptum. Molish, protein and glucose test to provide that these antigen are polysaccharide, then immunuization of local rabbit of Orcyctalagus conninculus age 3 - 5 months & 1 - 1.5 Kg for males only (3 animals for each antigen) After the immunization period (one month) some of local and systemic immune response parameters (cellular and humoral) to test animals were studied and compared with control animals which immunized with normal saline. The results of study showed that the polysaccharide antigen isolated from these two strains lead to stimulate systemic humaral immune response which had been studied by using direct agglutination test for appendix immunoglobulin passive haemagglutination test (both were used to determined antibody titer), radialimmunodiffusion test in order to determine level of concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM) and complement part (C3, C4). where The results of direct agglutination titer of animals immunized with polysaccharide antigen 128 and 1 for control animals and heamagglutination tests titer of animals immunized with polysaccharide antigen serum (2560). These results were higher compared with control group titer (10) and this is also true for immunoglobulin and concentration of IgG, IgM for immunized animals compared to control one. In addition to that The concentration of C3 and C4 had been increased in immunized animals compared to the control. cellular immunological response had been measured by using rabbit Neutrophil Elastase Kit. The eresult show an increase in the level of phagocytosis in animals immunoized with polysaccharide antigen isolated from A.niger cell wall of TB pateints 0.37±0.03 pg/dl while decreased in animals immunoized with polysaccharide of soil A.niger 0.72294±0.25548pg/dl compared with control animals 0.6±0.16386 pg/dl. on the other hand the humaral adaptive immune response had been identified by measuring cytokine IL - 2, IL - 10 in serum rabbit, the level of IL - 2 in rabbit immunoized with polysaccharide antigen soure TB patients and soil is 5.4129±1.08979 and 4.2641±0.62997 pg/dl respectively compared with control animals 3.9327±0.55587 pg/dl. The level of IL - 10 had been dropped for immunized animals with A.niger of TB pateints and from soil 4.8762±1.15104 and 8.2632±4.31933 pg/dl while the control animals having the highest level 10.2576±5.23356 pg/dl among the groups. IgE concentration measured significant difference at p>0.05 in immunized animals of A.niger in both TB pateints and soil 1.1701±0.05811 and 1.0770±0.19355 ml/Iu compared with control where IgE0.8723±0.0849ml/Iu. Miotic index of bone morrow immunized and control animals show mean difference is signification at p>0.05.where the result demonstrate that the polysaccharide antigen fissed the bone marro cells compared to controlled one. In order to identify the viability of antigen in protection. challenge dose test made by injection animals with 108 spore/ml of A.niger conidia which prove their protection in immunized animals while the control animals undergo many morphological and behavioral changes after 5 - 7 days of their injection.I addition that the size of lung and spleen increased when compared with immunized one. The histological culture of lung and spleen of challenge test animals in order to identify the ability and speed of their body to evadicate and prevent infection, display that A.niger coloni appeared for control animals (6 rabbit) while disappeared in culture of immunized one. Skin test also performed to experimental animals which indicate that polysaccharide antigen of A.niger interact with hypersensitivity test of rabbit, where the level of late hypersenetivity increased clearly with propability of p>0.05 with the highest level after 24 hours of beginning test compared to controlled one.

دراسة بيئية وحياتية للمجتمع السمكي في نهر الفرات/ وسط العراق == Ecological and Biological Study of fish Community in Euphrates River / Middle of Iraq

Author name: ماهر محمد خضيري
Supervisor name: ميسون مهدي صالح الطائي | مؤيد جاسم ياس العماري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في نهر الفرات عند سدة الهندية خلال المدة من تشرين الاول 2012 لغاية ايلول 2013 لغرض دراسة بيئة وحياتية المجتمع السمكي، وتم اختيار موقعين، يقع الموقع الاول في شمال سدة الهندية، ويقع الموقع الثاني في جنوب سدة الهندية، وتضمنت الدراسة تاث | The Present study was carried out on the Euphrates River during the period from October 2012 to September 2013 to study ecology and biology of fish community in the river, two study sites were chosen the first one was in the north and the second one was in the south of Al - Hindiya dam.The study was included the effects of some physical, chemical factors of water and Al - Hindiya dam on ecological and biological of fish population as well as measurement of the concentrations of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn) in both dissolved and particulate phases of water and in the tissue of three types of freshwater fish that was high dominance in three age groups. Study of the number of species, individuals, Total of weight of individual. Some ecological indices were study as index of Relative abundance, Species Richness index and Shanon wiener index for determining the evaluate of biodiversity of fish. Also Jaccared index of similarity was used to explain the similarity between sites of study and among months. Constant index was used to determine the constancy of taxa. Biological study of this of three fish that have high dominance from the side of food, age, growth, sex ratio, gonado somatic index and length - weight relationships. Air temperature and water temperature were ranged in two study sites between (15 - 43.8) C? and (10 - 29) C? respectively, pH values were between (7.6 - 8.6), Water current velocity values were between (0.14 - 0.72) m/sec, light penetration values were between (27.3 - 193.3) cm, the value of electrical conductivity were between (822 - 1323) ? sem/cm , Total dissolved solid values were between (663.3 - 932) mg/L, while The total suspended solid were between (0.009 - 0.23) mg/L and the values of dissolved oxygen were ranged between (6.13 - 10.33) mg/L.The biological oxygen demand were recorded values that range between (0.68 - 4.3) mg/L. . The water of Euphrates river were considered slight alkaline according to the results of present study and ranged between (33.33 - 164.3) mg CaCO3/L and the water were very hard according to high values record for total hardness (391.6 - 886.6) mg CaCO3 /L, while the values of calcium and magnesium hardness were ranged between (86.1 - 188.4), (19.8 - 138) mg CaCO3/L respectively.The values of phosphate were ranged between (0.51 - 13.12) ?g/L and Nitrate values were ranged between (6.23 - 70.17) ?g/L, while the values of nitrite were ranged between (0.17 - 4.98) ?g/L. in especially, the effects of Al - Hindiya dam, the results were showed that numbers of species before and after of Al - Hindiya dam were ranged between (23 - 17) species respectively. the results were showed positive and negative correlation between physical, chemical properties of water and Heavy metals with number of species, individuals, weights and Biodiversity indices. This study showed that the mean concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn) of the dissolved phase in water were (2.14, 1.61, 3.10, 7.63) ?g/L respectively and in the particulate phase were (33.99 112.87، 84.21، 21.12،) ?g/g dry weight respectively, the results of present study were showed that the concentration of heavy metals in water in dissolved and particulate phases within local and world limitations. The heavy metals in muscular tissue for three groups of this fish were ordered in as following : Zn >Mn > Pb > Cd. Twenty - three fish species were collected, (17) of them belonged to Cyprinidae family and two species belonged Bagridae family while only one species represented each family of Mugilidae, Siluridae, Mastacembelidae, Cichlidae, the number of species were ranged during the period of study between (5 - 18), The total number of individuals was 2401 individual and the number of individual were ranged monthly between (129 - 276) individual, while the total weight of individuals were 232868 gm during the period of study and The weight of individuals were ranged monthly between (13072 - 29598) gm. Carassius auratus wae recorded with the highest percentage in number and weight as 35.2% and 27.5% respectively. while A.vorax was after C.auratus in total number 13.6%, but it was after C.auratus and C.carpio in total weight 16.9% of the total individual weight. The values of species richness index were ranged between (0.79 - 3.23) and numerical of shanon wiener index values (Hn) were ranged between (1.26 - 2.39), while the weight of shanon wiener index value (Hb) were ranged between (1.21 - 2.35). the numerical and weight of eveness index (Jn) were ranged between (0.65 - 0.86), (0.68 - 0.89) respectively during the period of study. Jaccared similarity index were ranged between (23% - 92%). And the study was revealed that the most species recorded during the period of study were constant species according to constancy index. C. carpio fish were Omniovorous and It's feeding activity was ranged between (70% - 91.42%) and feeding intensity was (6.9 - 12.17) degree/fish.while C. auratus were detritious, It's feeding activity was ranged between (56.75% - 94.28%) and feeding intensity was (6.91 - 12.87) degree/fish. A. vorax were carnivorous and It's feeding activity values were ranged between (69.2% - 90.32%), while feeding intensity values were ranged between (6.85 - 13.03) degree/fish. The results was showed the values of age and length for C. carpio that ranged between (1 - 5) years, (9.7 - 40.2) cm , and C. auratus were ranged between (1 - 6) years, (8.3 - 28) cm, while A.vorax were ranged between (1 - 7) years, (10 - 62) cm respectively. Sex ratio and gonado - somatic index (GSI) varied between the three species, sex ratio of C.carpio (male : female) was 1 : 3.1. (GSI) for male was ranged between (2.21 - 12.02) and for female between (3.36 - 19.36).The sex ratio of C. auratus male : female was 1 : 1.9, GSI values for male was ranged between (0.89 - 8.53) and for females between (1.23 - 61.37). A.vorax sex ratio male : female 1 : 1.5, GSI value for male and female were ranged between (0.36 - 2.84) and (0.24 - 5.83) respectively.Variation of values of slope factor (b) were calculated from length - weight relationships for three species of fish, the values of (b) factor for C.carpio, C.auratus and A. vorax (3.08, 2.97, 2.92) respectively during the period of study

دراسة تصنيفية لعويلة الخنافس البرغوثية Alticinaeمن عائلة Chrysomelidae ورتبة غمدية الاجنحة Coleoptera في بعض محافظات العراق == Taxonomic Study On The Flea Beetles (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Alticinae) In Some Provinces of Iraq

Author name: رغد عـبيد خضير
Supervisor name: سعدون ابراهيم اسماعيل
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناول البحث لهذه الرسالة دراسة تصنيفية لعويلة الخنافس البرغوثية Alticinae في بعض محافظات العراق، علما ان هذه العويلة لم تدرس تصنيفيا في العراق.اختير النموذج Longitarsus ballotae Marsham. لتجسيد صفات العويلة. ولقد درست الاجزاء الرئيسة للجسم وهي الراس والص | The Subject of thesis is a taxonomic study of Subfamily Alticinae in some provinces of Iraq. Knowing that this Subfamily has not been studied taxonomically in Iraq.Was chosen as the model for Longitarsus ballotae Marsham. To embody the gualities of the Subfamily. The detailed study of the head, thorax, abdomen and their appendages was made to evaluate the reliability of the external characters in classifying the species of the Subfamily.There are eight genera and thirteen species for these Subfamily The species are : - Altica deserticola Weise.Aphthona fuentei Reitter.Aphthona sp. Chaetocnema montenegrina Heikertinger.Chaetocnema persica Baly. Epitrix atropae Foudras.Hermaeophaga ruficollis Lucas.Longitarsus ballotae Marsham.Longitarsus membranaceus Foudras.Longitarsus reichei Allard. Longitarsus succineus Foudras.Phyllotreta nemorum Linnaeus.Podagrica fuscicornis Linnaeus.6 Species Register in Iraq are : - Chaetocnema montenegrina Heikertinger.Epitrix atropae Foudras. Longitarsus succineus Foudras.Longitaarsus membranaceus Foudras.Podagrica fuscicornis Linnaeus.Two species Taxonomic keys were designed and developed to is olate the genera of Subfamily Alticinae, sa wellas the genera mentioned and studied in this thesis for each species.

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Streptococcus spp المسببة لالتهاب اللوزتين من الاطفال وتاثير بعض عزلات بكتريا حامض اللبنيك عليها == Isolation And Identification of Streptococcus Spp Caused Tonsillitis From Children And The Effect of Some Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lab) Strains On It

Author name: رند ثائر عبد اللطيف
Supervisor name: ندى صباح رزوقي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: بحثت الدراسة جمع 100 مسحة من اطفال مصابين بالتهاب اللوزتين الحاد والمزمن ممن راجعوا استشارية الانف والاذن والحنجرة في مستشفى اليرموك التعليمي للمدة مابين كانون الاول للعام 2013 ولغاية اذار للعام 2014. وكانت نتيجة الزرع المختبري موجبة في 67 مسحة منها وبالا | In this study 100 swabs were collected from infected children with acute and chronic tonsillitis who attended at Al - Yarmook Teaching Hospital (Eear Nose Tonsils consultation clinic) from December 2013 until March 2014. The result of laboratory culture were positive in 67 samples. Depending on their cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates : (37.31%) of them were identified as Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria and the diagnosis is confirmed by the use of Remel Rapid STR System. Whereas (34.33%) belong to S.parasanguinis, (11.94%) S.mitis, (11.94%) S.oralis and (4.48%) S.thoraltensis were identification of them are confirmed by using Vitek - 2 System also. As well as Sensitivity test for S.pyogenes cultures for some of the antibiotics done and the results revealed that all cultures were sensitive to tetracycline and chloramphenicol drugs 100%, while it was different in their sensitivity for other drugs. According to age (2 - 13) years revealed the highest percentage of infection for both male and female, however the percentage of acute and chronic tonsillitis was higher in males than females. In this study, during investigation of the antagonist action of lactic acid bacterial isolates against these pathogenic bacteria, results revealed that the method of L.acidophilus discs gave a high inhibition zones with a diameter of 11.3 mm, while L.fermentum discs yielded a high inhibition zones with a diameter of 7 mm 24 hrs following incubation in comparison with well diffusion method by using suspension of L.acidophilus produced a high inhibition zones with a diameter 7.25 mm 48 hrs after incubation. L.fermentum suspension produced a high inhibition zones with 10 mm diameter 24 hrs following incubation. Also the study included measurement of the inhibition activity for bacteriocins produced by L.acidophilus bacteria against the pathogenic bacteria S.pyogenes on nutrient agar by well diffusion method in which results revealed stability of the bacteriocins effects under different PH (4, 5, 6) with percent (100, 60, 50)% respectively for 24 hrs at higher stability and the highest stability of bacteriocins during PH was 4 with percent 100%, while it lost a lot of its activity with acidic PH less than 2 and basal pH more than 8. During the study the effect of Nacl, Kcl and MgSo4 with different concentrations (1 - 5%) with constant inhibitory effect for bacteriocins produced by L.acidophilus against pathogenic S.pyogenes, The result revealed that Nacl had little effect in inhibition zone with 1&2% concentrations. The salt MgSo4 and Kcl showed reduction in the inhibitory activity with 1, 2, 3% concentration, however the higher concentration of salt caused great reduction as 5% concentration led to loss of inhibitory activity for bacteriocins completely.Also this study showed light on the inhibitory effect of probiotics suspensions against the adhesion property of S.pyogenes after treated with L.acidophilus and L.fermentum.where the Result shown that L.acidophilus inhibit the adhesion of S.pyogenes with percent 68.92% either L.fermentum inhibit the adhesion of this pathogenic bacteria to epithelial cell with percent 30.28%. The study is consisted of showed the inhibitory action for suspensions of L.acidophilus and L.fermentum on biofilm formation by S.pyogenes, it was noticed the action of L.acidophilus in the side more than from the action of L.fermentum. During the study of the effect of suspension and filter of L.acidophilus and L.fermentum on the production of Hemolysin enzyme by S.pyogenes, it was noticed that the ability of suspension belong to L.acidophilus and L.fermentum to reduce the diameter of hemolysis zone which was beta type more than the ability of filter L.acidophilus and L.fermentum to reduce of the hemolysis zone which was beta type.

الخصائص التشريحية والتصنيفية لانواع مختارة من ذوات الفلقتين البرية النامية في محافظة ديالى == Anatomical And Taxonomical Attributes of Wild Dicots Selected Spesies In Diyala Pravince

Author name: ضفاف خليل سلام البدري
Supervisor name: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي | محمود شاكر رشيد الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تشريحية مقارنة لعشرة انواع مختارة من العائلات المختلفة لذوات الفلقتين. النامية في مناطق الصدور والسوامرة وطريق العظيم، التابعة لمحافظة ديالى، والانواع هي : - Centaurea bruguieriana (Dc.)Hand.Mzt. 1.Onopordon acanthium Eig. 2.Ero | Ten wild selected species belong to different Dicots families were anatomically comparative studied. These species grown wildly in Sudoor, Suwamra, and Kallis _Udaim way of Diyala province, as follows : Centaurea bruguieriana (Dc.)Hand.Mzt. 1.Onopordon acanthium Eig. 2.Erodium glaucophyllum (L.) L' Her. 3.Eruca sativa Mill. 4.Matthiola longipetala (Vent.)Dc. 5.Psylliostachys spicata (willd.) Neaski 6.Ranunculus cornutus DC. 7.Rumex cyprius Murb. 8.Scabiosa palaestina L. 9.Verbena officianlis L. 10. The research concentrated on the anatomical comparative characters for the first time in Iraq. These characters regarded as a Diagnostics for these species. Epidermis with its variable cells and stomatal complexes were investigated, so as for venation in leaves, mesophyll and vascular bundles. According to the above characters the species were divided in to groups. This work was determined the distinguish characters of the petiols, midribs of leaves, in addition to the anatomical information of stemes, roots and different kinds of indumentum and glands which were aided to separate these species. The variable anatomical results were important and were assisted the morphological ones. Field photographs for the specimens, schedules were given, and the results were also discussed according to the environments of the Taxa studied.

دراسة نسجية مقارنة بين عضلات الصدر والارجل في نوعين من الطيور الطائرة وغير الطائرة في عمرين مختلفين == Comparative Histological Study Between Pectoralis And Leg Muscles In Flying And Running/Walking Birds In Two Different Ages

Author name: تغريد حامد عبد الامير
Supervisor name: هاشم محمد عبد الكريم العلاق
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة عددا من العضلات الهيكلية في نوعين من الطيور الطائرة (الحمام) وغير الطائرة (الدجاج). العدد الكلي للطيور المستعملة 30 طائرا, 15 من الدجاج و15 من الحمام تمت دراسة بعض الخصائص الفسلجية والنسيجية للالياف العضلية الحمر والبيض والوسطية وحساب | This study deals with a number of skeletal muscles in two types of birds ; flying (pigeon) and running (chicken) types. The total number of the studied birds was 30; 15 were chicken and 15 were pigeons. Some of the physiological and histological characteristics of the muscle fibers (red, white, and intermediate) , the percentage of fibers diameter in the studied muscles, and the change noted in the muscle weight with advancing age had been calculated. The species of the chicken in this study was Gallus domesticus , while the species of the pigeons was Columba livia domestica. The muscles that is used in the study were : pectoralis muscle, femortibialis, triceps, biceps brachii, extensor carpi radialis muscle, and gastrocnemius muscles in two age groups of birds; (3 - 6) months and (6 - 12) months in order to know the changes in the weights, numbers, diameters, and sizes of the muscle fibers that occur with advancing age. The aim of this study is to identify the three types of the muscle fibers their role in the muscle movement and the regions in which there is specific type rather than others. The results had shown that the skeletal muscles in birds consist of heterogenous mixture of the three types of muscle fibers (red, white, and intermediate) , and the white muscle fibers are the predominant type in the pectoralis muscle of both types of birds, and the size of white muscle fibers in the pectoralis muscle in the chickens in the first age group was 73.8%, and in the second age group was 82.9%. While in pigeons, the size of white muscle fibers was 75.5% in the first age group, and 75.4% in the second age group. In addition, the present study deals with the relationship between the muscles weights and the age of the bird in that the muscles show increased weight with advancing age in both types of birds and there were significant differences in muscles weight in both age groups (p?0.05), while the triceps muscle did not show significant difference regarding weight between the two age groups in the same type of birds. The results of the study also show the differences in the diameter of the muscle fibers, that is there was continuous increase in the diameters with advancing age and show significant differences (p?0.05) , but regarding pectoralis muscle there was no significant differences in diameters with advancing age in both types of birds. The results of the study also show that the pectoralis muscle was the largest muscle in the body of the bird, and the ratio of its weight to the total body weight was relatively large.

تاثير الري بالماء المعالج مغناطيسيا في نمو وحاصل الحنطة Triticum aestivum L == Effect of Irrigation With Magnetic Treated Water On Growth And Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

Author name: فاضل كاظم كريم الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: ثامر خضير مرزة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت التجربة في حقل تابع للمعهد الفني - الكوفة شمال غرب محافظة النجف لموسم النمو (2012 - 2013) بهدف معرفة تاثير نوعية مياه الري وشدة معالجتها مغناطيسيا لثلاثة اصناف من حنطة الخبز Triticum aestivum L. في مؤشرات النمو الخضري والزهري والكيميائي والانتاجي.ص | An experiment was conducted in a field belonging to the Technical Institute - Kufa north west of Najaf governorate during the season of the year (2012 - 2013) to determine the effect of irrigation water quality and intensity of magnetically treated to three cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on vegetative growth, flowering, chemical and productive indicators.The experiment was designed randomized complete blocks (RCBD) arrangement Split split - plots and three replicatesfor each treatment. Experiment included study three factors is the quality of irrigation water (river water or well water) - Main plot, wheat bread varieties (IPAA - 99, Rashid and Tamuze - 2) - Sub - plot and magnetic treatment to irrigation water four intensities is (0, 750, 1500 and 3000) Gauss - Sub - sub - plot. The Revised Least Significant Difference (RLSD) at 0.05 probability was used to compare treatment means, whenever treatments affects were evident.Results showed : 1 - Wheat plants irrigated with river water were superior in all parameters in forms of plant height, leaves number, leaf area, tillers number; productive and non - productive, root length, lateral root length of the plant, leaves content from total chlorophyll, dry weights for plant vegetative, phosphorus% in grains, grains weight of spike, spike number of plant and m2, weight of 1000 grain, plant yield of grains, m2 yield of grains, hectare yield of grains per hectare compare to plants irrigated with well water, which recorded the highest chemical content of grains from nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, protein and carbohydrates percentages. The percentage of flowering, spikes length, spikes grains number were superior in the beginning with the well water, were superior at the end with river water.2 - Magnetic treatment with irrigation water by 1500 gauss revealed that noticeable superior was obtained in most of plants vegetative and floral characteristics, while the chemical characteristics had increased with magnetic water treatment by 3000 gauss and yield characteristics treated with 750 gauss. The effect of magnetic water treatment on leaves content from total chlorophyll and magnesium percentage in grains was negative.3 - The majority of vegetative, chemical and productivity parameters was increased with Rashid plants cultivar compared to same parameters for Tamuze - 2 plants cultivar which superior than IPAA - 99 plants cultivar except number of leaves, tillers number and spike grains number which superior with IPAA - 99 plants cultivar.4 - The triple interaction between experiment all factors revealed a significant effect on magnetized river water at 1500 gauss in Rashid and Tamuz - 2 plants cultivars giving highest vegetative growth indicators average which increased on plant yield with low magnetic water treatment (750 gauss) to Rashid plants cultivars and medium strongly (1500 gauss) for Tamuz - 2 plants cultivars, while the characteristics of grains chemical content were superior with same plants cultivars but magnetized treatment well water at 3000 gauss.

دراسة تشريحية لبشرة اوراق بعض اجناس العائلة المركبة Compositae (Asteraceae) في جامعة القادسية == Anatomical Study of The Leaves Some Genus Compositae (Asteraceae) In Al - Qadisiyah University

Author name: فرقد حيدر عبد النبي المحنة
Supervisor name: ازهار عبد الامير سوسة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تشريحية مقارنة لصفات البشرة للاوراق بعض الاجناس التابعة للعائلة المركبة (Compositae) وهذه الاجناس هي Aster L. و.Calendula L وDendranthema L. و.Helianthus L و.Lactuca L و.Launaea L و.Tagetes L, وتبين ان لبعض الصفات التشريحية اهمية | The present research includes comparative anatomical study epidermis of some genera which belong to sun flower family (Compositae) These genera are Aster L., Calendula L., Dendranthema L., Helianthus L., Lactuca L., Launaea L. and Tagetes L. , and show that details anatomical the importance of taxonomic possible from isolation genuses more each adjective undulate the walls vertical epidermis the leaves, and we show some importand for indumentum suchas T - shape eglandular haire in Dendranthema L. species

التحري عن جينات المقاومة لبعض المضادات في Candida spp. المسببة لداء المبيضات == Detection On Resistant Genes To Some Antifungal In Candida Spp. That Causing Candidiasis

Author name: رجاء علي حبيب ظاهر الخزاعي
Supervisor name: علي حمود السعدي | نيران عبيد جاسم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تم جمع 107 عينة من حالات سريرية مختلفة شملت 36 مسحة فموية من اطفال مصابين بالسلاق الفموي, 32 مسحة مهبلية من النساء المصابات بداء المبيضات المهبلي و39 عينة بولية من اشخاص مصابين بالتهاب المجاري البولية (راجعوا مستشفى الديوانية التعليمي العام ومستشفى النسائ | The present study was aimed to determine ERG11 - 2 that responsible for resistance to some antifungal agents in candida spp. Atotal of 107 samples were obtained fromdifferent clinical cases included(36 oral swabs from children suffering from oral thrushwho attending Al - Dewaniya Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in AL - Diwaniya, 32 vaginal swabs from women suffering from vaginal candidiasis who attending clinics in AL - Diwaniya, 39 urine samples from individuals suffering from urinary tract infection who attending Al - Dewaniya Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in AL - Diwaniya) and 25 samples from sewage water as a control samples in the molecular study.The result of morphological and biochemical tests showed For pathogenic samples that 83(77.5%) isolate of candida spp. Included 36/31(86.1%) from oral samples, 32/28 (75%) from vaginal swabs, 28/39 isolates (71.7%) from urine samples while the result of non - pathogenic samples revealed that 20 (80%) isolate of candida spp. Detecting of, ERG11 - 2 resistant gene was done by RealTime - PCR technique. Results showed that all isolates 31 (100%) were carrying ERG11 - 2 that responsibe of resistance in candida to some antifungal, Did not record any isolated from control samples from sewage water which amounted to (9) the ERG11 - 2 resistant

دراسة جرثومتي السالمونيلا والشيكلا المعزولة من حالات سريرية في مدينة الديوانية وتاثيرهما على معايير دم المرضى

Author name: هبة اركان فنطيل الحسناوي
Supervisor name: علي عبد رحيم الناشي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: Salmonella is a bacteria and Shigella types of intestinal bacteria, and because of the seriousness of the pathogenicity and the spread of infection in their environment has been conducting this study.Collected during the current study, 462 different clinical sample (feces and urine) of adults aged 20 years and older and those with symptoms of the bacteria Salmonella and Shigella and both sexes reviewers for laboratories and hospitals in the city of Diwaniya, for the period from 2012 \ 11 \ 6 to 2013 \ 5 \ 26. Diagnosed isolates based on phenotypic traits and AGRO tests biochemical in addition to diagnosis by Api20E system as isolates Salmonella reached 17 isolation and by 3.6% and were all belonging to the type S.typhi, either isolates bacteria Shigella was three isolates and 0.64%, and all of them belong to the type of Sh. Flexneri. The incidence of bacteria S.typhi for the male sex was higher than in females, Ozbulg number of infected males and 10 by 58.8%, while the number Fayalnads was infected 7 and by 41.1%, but for bacteria to Sh. flexneri, as was the incidence in males is also higher than in females as in males reached 2 and by 66.6%, while the number of infected females in bringing only one injury and 33.3%. Were more age groups injury is a class 20 - 29 where recorded 9 injuries and by 52.9% and the number of infected males 6 The number of cases in females 3 injuries, age group 30 - 39 recorded 5 injuries and by 29.4 and were two goals in the male and three injuries in females, the age category 40 - 49sgelt two goals by 11.9% and the injury was confined to males either category above 50 years and one injury recorded only in females and 5.8%, either in bacteria Sh. flexneri was the only injury in the 20 - 29 age group and by three injuries. The more isolated the proportion of bacteria S.typhi in the month of May and April as recorded 4 isolates each, and by 23.5%, while giving the lowest ratio for the presence of bacterial during the months of December and January, as recorded isolation and one each of these two months and 5.8% either November remaining months February, March was the number of isolates in 3, 2, 2, respectively, and 15%, 17.6%, 11.7, 11.7%, respectively, as well, either for the bacteria Sh. flexneri as Bulgtaaly proportion of injury in the month of May was the number of isolates 2 and by 66.6% during the month of April either recorded a hit single Vqtobnsph 33.3% did not notice any injury to the other months of the study. Tested the sensitivity of the isolates S.typhi and Sh.flexneri direction antibiotics used as 8 used antibiotics in common use in this study show that the bacteria were sensitive S.typhi 100% Anti Ciprofloxacin, but resisted antibiotics Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Nalidixicacid, Gentamicin, Ceftriaxone at a rate of 82.3%, 82.3%, 76.4%, 70.5%, 64.7%, 23.5%, 23.5% respectively. The bacteria Sh.flexneri was 100% sensitive to antibiotics Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Nalidixic acid, Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone while it was resistant to antibiotics Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin by 66.6% each. Been investigating some of the virulence of the bacteria S.typhi factors, including the presence of the portfolio Capsule as were all Salmonella isolates characterized by possessing the portfolio, while the production of the enzyme protease Protase was all isolates S.typhi producing this enzyme also showed 12 isolation of the ability to produce the enzyme Lipase and increased by 70.5%, but all isolates were S.typhi unproductive enzyme protease. The bacteria Sh.flexneri marked by Azltan of three Azladtha and by (% 66.6) viability link red dye Congo also showed 2 of these isolates and by (66.6) ability to form thin membrane (Pellicle) and two Aezzltan which have demonstrated susceptibility to adhesion was isolated one of them only possess cilia first pattern type 1. The research covered also study the changes that occur in some of the blood parameters in people infected with the bacterium Salmonella Heclauzar that there is a decrease in the total number of red blood cells Red blood cells in people infected with Salmonella, where the total number of blood cells Reds reached 4.91 x 106 c \ ml total number of cells rate 3.7 white blood x 103c \ ml the proportion of types of white blood cells of the total number of cells, the white was lymphocyte ratio lymphocytes% 52.55 which is low compared with the normal number, while there was an increase in both acidophilus cells Eosinophils and only Monocyte as she was represented 1.2%, 2.9% in November while it was% 0.03 Basophils cells, the highest percentage of increase in healthy people, and the amount of total hemoglobin rate. Hemoglobin9.07 g \ dl which is low compared with healthy peopleBut in people infected with bacteria Sh. Flexner, bringing the average number of red blood cells 106 c \ ml3.7 x, the lowest rate with the number of healthy people, as the amount of hemoglobin g \ dl13.5 rate, either the total number of white blood cells, the rate was slightly higher than what is found in healthy people Azbulg (11.32 x 103c \ ml), it was noted that most of the increase was high in the white blood cells of the type Neutrophils the increase amounted to 62.34%

تاثير الكثافة النباتية ومستويات التسميد في نمو وحاصل اصناف مختلفة من نبات زهرة الشمس (Helianthus annuus L.) == Effect of Plant Density And Fertilization Levels In Growth And Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Cultivars

Author name: محمد سلمان كريم الزبيدي
Supervisor name: نجم عبد الله جمعة الزبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت تجربة حقلية في محطة ابحاث كلية الزراعة / جامعة ديالى اثناء العروة الربيعية للعام 2014 في تربة مزيجية غرينية, تمت الزراعة بتاريخ 2014/2/23. نفذت التجربة باستخدام تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة R.C.B.D وبنظام تجربة عاملية بتنظيم القطع المنشقة المنشق | This experimet was carried out in the experiments station of the Agriculture College/ University of Diyala in the spring season of 2014 in 23/2/2014, using silty loam soil. Experiment was on sunflower with a factorial experiment, a split split plot randomized compelete block design with three replications. This study included three factors, first the NPK fertilizer with three levels (0, 150, 300) Kg/h - 1 which were divided into two parts first 30 days after seeds germinated and the second 35 days after the first. The second factor was the plants density with three levels (66666, 80000, 100000) plants/h - 1 and the third factor three varieties of sunflower (Shemoos, Akmar, Euroflour) , and the important results obtained were : 1. The highest density level (100000) plants/h - 1 gave the highest results in most of the characters studied which were, head or disk diameter, plant yield, yield (ton / h - 1), fertility percentage, oil percentage in seeds, oil yield(ton / h - 1), and protien yield (ton / h - 1).2. Level of 150 Kg/ h - 1 of NPK fertilizer was the best in most of the characters which were head diameter, plant yield, yield (ton / h - 1), oil percentage, oil yield (ton / h - 1), protien percentage and protien yield (ton / h - 1).3. Shemoos variety exceeded other varaieties in leaf area, leaf area index, stem diameter, head diameter, 1000 seed weight, plant yield, yield (ton / h - 1), seeds number in head, oil yield (ton / h - 1), protien yield (ton / h - 1) , but it gave the highest number of days to flower and mature.4. The interaction (Shemoos variety X zero NPK) gave significant highest mean in number of days from planting date to 75% flowering.The interaction (Akmar variety X 150 Kg NPK / h - 1) gave the highest values in stem diameter, head diameter, lodging percentage, but the interaction (Shemoos variety X 300 Kg NPK / h - 1) gave the highest values in leaf area, leaf area index, and number of days from planting date to maturity.5. The interaction (Shemoos variety X 66666 plants per hectar) gave significant differences in number of seeds per head , 1000 seeds weight, one plant yield, and yield (ton / h - 1). The interaction (Akmar variety X 100000 plants/ h - 1) gave significant differences in fertility percentage.6. The interaction (150 Kg NPK / h - 1 X 66666 plants/ h - 1 ) gave the highest significant differences in all quality characters studied. 7. The interaction (Shemoos variety X150 Kg NPK / h - 1 X 100000 plants/ h - 1) gave the highest significant results in seeds yield, oil yield and protien yield.

دراسة التاثير الاليلوباثي لنبات اليوكالبتوس Eucalyptus sargentii في انبات ونمو بعض نباتات الزينة == The Allelopathic Effect of Eucalyptus Sargentii On Germination And Growth of Some Ornamental Plants

Author name: كوثر هاشم عبار الجاسمي
Supervisor name: مجيد كاظم عباس الحمزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت تجربتين, حقلية ومختبرية, لدراسة التاثير الاليلوباثي لمسحوق الاوراق الجافة او الطرية لنبات اليوكالبتوس ومستخلصاتها (المستخلص الايثانولي, الزيت, التربينات, القلويدات والفينولات) في الانبات وصفات النمو الخضري والزهري ومحتوى بعض العناصر المعدنية, السكري | Two experiments were carried out, field and laboratory experiment, to study the allelopathic effect of dry or fresh leaves and their extracts of Eucalyptus sp. on four ornamental plants; Calendula officinalis, Tagetes patula, Mathiola incana and Asteriscus graveolens Less. The two experiments were conducted at the field of College of Agriculture/Al - Qadisiya University during the period from 31/10/2012 to 14/3/2013. For the field experiment, dry and fresh leaves of Eucalyptus were used at the rate of 0, 2, 3, or 6 g dry leaves/Kg soil or at the rate of 0, 4, 8, or 12g fresh leaves/kg soil. Plant height, changes in height during plant life time - course, number of branches, number of flowers, and flower diameter were measured. In addition, chlorophyll content in leaves, anthocyanin in petals, dry weight, nitrogen percent, potassium and phosphorous content in leaves were also determined. For the laboratory experiment, ethanol extract, oil, terpenes, alkaloid, and phenols extracted from Eucalyptus leaves at different concentrations were used. Seed germination, coefficient velocity of germination, plumule and radical length, sugar, protein, melanodialdehyde, glutathione and proline content were evaluated. The results were as follow : 1. Ethanolic extract was negatively affect the percent and coefficient velocity of germination in addition to plumule and radicle length. The reduction in these parameters was greater at the highest concentration of the extract, especially in Calendula officinalis. 2. Treatment with oil extracted from Eucalyptus leaves caused a significant reduction in percent and coefficient velocity of germination, plumule and radical length. 3. Terpenes, alkaloids or phenols treatments at different concentrations resulted in significant reduction in percent and coefficient velocity of germination, plumule and radical length. The reduction was increased as the concentration of the treatments increased. 4. Plant height decreased significantly due to the treatment with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves, the reduction in plant height increased as the concentration of the treatment increases in all plants except Asteriscus graveolens plant which showed that the small concentrations of both treatments. It was close to ward in an increase in plant height. 5. Number of branches also significantly decreased when ornamental plants treated with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves; the Calendula officinalis plant was the most affected. 6. For the changes in ornamental plants height, as a result of treatment with dry or fresh leaves of Eucalyptus, during life time - course, it was clear the growth curve was close to the S - shape growth curve with obvious significant differences for most treatments compare to control. 7. Dry weight percent was significantly affected in all ornamental plants when they treated with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves, If decreased with the concentration of the treatments increased. 8. It was obvious that treatment with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves resulted in significant reduction in flower number and flower diameter. Number of flowers decreased as the concentration of the treatments increased. on the other hand, flower was diameter increased as the concentration of the treatments increased, but in both cases it was less than the control. All one obvious that reducing significant in flower diameter, It was reducing great in low levels. 9. Chlorophyll content was also decreased in leaves, while anthocyanin content in petals was increased when the ornamental plants treated with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves. 10. Nirogen percent, phosphorus and potassium content in leaves of the four ornamentals decreased when they treated with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves. 11. Using terpenes, alkaloids and phenols caused significant increase in sugar content in leaves of the ornamentals, reaching its highest values at the highest concentration of the terpenes. For protein content, it was gradually decreased as the terpens, alkaloids and phenols concentrations increased in Calendula officinalis. In Tagetes patula, protein content was noticeably increased with the increasing in concentrations of the treatments. 12. Malondialdehyde, glutathione and proline content increased significantly in Calendula officinalis and Tagetes patula plants when they treated with terpenes, alkaloids or phenols. 13. Interaction between treatments concentrations and kind of plants had significant effect on all parameters measured.

دراسة تركيبة الهائمات النباتية وعلاقتها بالظروف البيئية وبعض العناصر الثقيلة في مياه نهر الديوانية - العراق == A Study of Structural Phytoplankton And Their Relationship With The Environmental Conditions And Some Heavy Metals In Al - Diwaniya River /Iraq

Author name: نور ناظم جابر الميالي
Supervisor name: فؤاد منحر علكم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة تركيبة الهائمات النباتية وعلاقتها بالظروف البيئية وبعض العناصر النزرة في مياه نهر الديوانية, اذ جمعت عينات الدراسة (المياه والرواسب والهائمات النباتية) شهريا من ثلاث محطات على نهر الديوانية ابتداء من تشرين الاول 2012 ولغاية ايلول 2013، وشمل | This investigation was designated to study of structural of phytoplankton and its relationship with environmental conditions and some of heavy metal in AL - Diwaniya river, the samples were collected monthly for water, sediments and phytoplankton from October 2012 till September 2013, the study included the measurement of the temperature of air and water; Light penetration; salinity ;electrical conductivity ; T.S.S;T.D.S ;Turbidity; pH ;Oxygen Dissolved; Biological Oxygen Demand ;Chemical Oxygen demand ;Dioxide carbon ;AL - alkalinity; Hardness; Ca; Mg; and nutrients(nitrate; nitrite; phosphate) ; total organic carbon) and the study also included the measurement of some heavy metals (Cadmium, lead, copper, Zinc) in dissolved and particular parts of water and in sediment both exchangeable and residual parts and also studied the structure of phytoplankton quantity and quality.Results of the study showed that the temperature of air and water ranged between (15 - 43) ?C (13 - 33)?C respectively. It was found the light penetration ranged from (27.2 - 100), conductivity was (1264 - 1555)?S/cm, while the salinity was (0.80 - 0.99)%, pH was ranged between (7.37 - 7.82), while Turbidity was ranged between(43.6 - 59.02) NTU, total dissolve substances was (985 - 1411) mg/L while total suspend solid substances was (40 - 66) mg/l. The dissolved Oxygen was within the range of (6.3 - 8.26) mg/l, the biochemical and chemical Oxygen demand was (1.19 - 3.08) mg/l (12.4 - 38.01) mg/l respectively while dioxide carbon was ranged(80.5 - 134.2)mg/l.The study revealed that the river water was alkalinity and very hard, as the range of total alkalinity, total hardness, Calcium and magnesium was (131.5 - 227.4, 312.3 - 458.5, 86.4 - 142, 54.8 - 76.8) mg/ respectively, while the concentrations of the nutrients were showed fluctuated in concentrations, it was (102.6 - 558.4, 1.5 - 3.4, ND - 2.9) ?g/ for Nitrate, Nitrite and Phosphate respectively, total organic carbon was between (0.13 - 0.55) %Seven units were diagnosed during the period of study Bacillriophyceae; Chlorophyceae; Cyanophyceae; Euglenophycae; Dinophycae; Chrysophycae ;Cryptophyceae.Species number of phytoplankton that identified through study period were (134, 101, 96) in three sites respectively, and showed that dominance of Bacillriophyceae (diatoms) which was (71, 50, 46) species fallowed by Chlorophyceae (35, 25, 25) species then Cyanophycae (22, 18, 20) species, Euglenophycae (2, 5, 2) species and Dinophycae(2, 3, 1) species Chrysophycae (1, 0, 2) and finally Cryptophyceae (1, 0, 1)species in three sites respectively,. Generally the most common genera in study period are (Nitzschia, Surirella, Nivicula, Navicula, Syndra, Pediastrum, Scenedesmus, Aphanocapsa, Microcystis, Cocconeis, ,).The total number of phytoplankton was low and ranged between (422.21 - 1027.82) cell ?103/l. This study determined means of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, pb, Cu) in dissolved part was (ND - 5, 4.07 - 29.8 ND - 6.89, 2.08 - 8. 71) ?g/l respectively, while particulate part was) 2.09 - 30.16, 44.87 - 372.17, 3.13 - 90.93, 27.41 - 88.20) ?g/g respectively The study revealed also that the concentrations of heavy metals in sedimentswas (ND - 12.71, 11.76 - 39.93, 0.55 - 6.12, 9.31 - 39.73), ?g/g of exchangeable parts and was (1.09 - 17.94, 39.21 - 172.30, 21.21 - 67.96, 33.96 - 76.63) ?g/g of residual parts respectively. The Statistical results showed there are morale differences between locations and seasons in relation to physical and chemical features, organic compounds, heavy metals and phytoplankton. There are negative and positive, morale correlations between phytoplankton and physical, chemical features and heavy metals that measured during study period at probability at the level of (p<0.05).

دراسة تصنيفية لبعض مراتب الجنس Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae في العراق == A Taxonomic Study of Some Taxa of The Genus Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae) In Iraq

Author name: علي طالب محمد الطائي
Supervisor name: مازن نواف عبود العاني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: “The current research dealed with fourteen taxa belonging to the genus Ranunculus L., Family Ranunculaceae that grown in Iraq. The study included the gross general morphological and micromorphological characters, the Pollen grains also were studied and the chemical compounds (Flavonoids), Ecological and geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment have been done. Also botanical key was puted to separate the Taxa”.“General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa spread in, and the result was a large crowds of samples, and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded. The specimens in the Iraqi herbaria were studied after ensuring that it was correctly identified”. “Comparative morphological study was undertaken to all plants parts of taxa including the roots, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts. Charts, diagrams, tables were drawn and accompanying with natural images for different morphological characteristics, as well as the field images that are important for the study. This study showed that all the taxa of the genus were herbs that are annual or perennial. There was agreat important for the roots, stems and there Indumentum, the presence orabsence of stipules, shape and size and margin of basal leaves and cauline leaves and leafy bract, the shape of sepals and their numbers and their Indumentum, the numbers and shape of Petals and their colors, the number of Stamens and the colors of Anthers, the shape of ovary and their indumentum, presence or absence of style as it was very useful for the taxonomic identification and separation of the studied taxa. As well as the fruiting parts including the length of fruiting peduncle, the fruiting receptacle, the fruiting head and its shapes and their dimensions, the number of Achene Fruitlets and their sizes, colors and Beak shape. Also the surface configuration of the fruitlets Surface has been studied by (SEM) as it wae either hairy or tuberculate - hairy or Transversely rugose or muricate or reticulate or reticulate - minutly rugose or granular or granular - hairy or granular - hairy tuberculate or spinulose”.“The study of the micro - morphological characters of hairs, leaves epidermal cells and the stomatal complex, have a taxonomic importance of supporting the morphological characters in separation and identification of the genus taxa”.“The study show that the pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because of their difference in shape, dimensions, the wall thickness and their ornamentation. It was either apolar which was spheroidal and pantoporate, or isopolar which has different shapes in the equatorial view it was spheroidal, subprolate and oblate - spheroidal, it was either 3 - colpate, 4 - colpate or 5 - colpat.the colpate where either zonocolpate or syncolpate in the form of parasyncolpate. The ornamentation were verucate, echinateand scabrate”. “The chemical study also has an importance in separation of the genus taxa, six flavonoid compounds were diagnosed by using” HPLC wich are Kaempferol, Vitexin, Orientin, Quercetin, Iso - vitexin and Iso - orientin. According to the presence or absence of those structures cluster analysis where done for the results of the flavonoid compounds and the taxa where divided into groups that reveal the chemical relationships between them.dendogram where performed which also show the chemical relationships between the taxa by using UPGMA method and NTSYS program issue 21. the study shows that the presence and distribution of those compounds vary according to the variation in the plant distribution the study shows that some of the taxa have “the same compounds which enhance its belonging to the Ranunculus genus”. “Through field surveys and information installed on the herbarium samples, the taxa where distributed on their growth areas, and maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical. Most of the taxa were distributed in N. and N.E of Iraq regions districts especially in MAM, MSU, MRO, and FBF districts. We notice that MSU district has a great number of the plants under the study as we found there are all the taxa accept one”. This study helps to detect distribution areas for some taxa that have been not mentioned in the Iraqi flora or other records which are R.kotschyi and R.trichophyllus var.trichophyllus. Also the study records distribution for the new species R.chius in MAM district which hasn't been mentioned in the Iraqi flora in this district before. Finally all the taxa were classified and the botanical key was done to separate them.

البدانة عامل خطورة للاصابة بامراض القلب التاجية == Obesity As A Risk Factor For Coronary Heart Disease

Author name: نور غسان كاظم الدليمي
Supervisor name: حميد محمود مجيد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: هناك مفهوم متنام يشير الى زيادة انتشار البدانة بين مرضى القلب التاجية Coronary heart disease (CHD), مما له الاثر الكبير في نشوء المرض ومضاعفاته, اذ يشابه عمل الخلية الدهنية adipocyteعضو الافراز الداخلي endocrine organ.ولمعرفة العلاقة بين البدانة وامراض | There is a growing concept that refers to the increased prevalence of obesity among patients with coronary heart disease. This has significant impact on the emergence of the disease and its complications as the work of the adipocyte resembles the work of the endocrine organ. This study comes to know the relationship between obesity and heart disease. To accomplish this, about 5cm3 of venous blood has been collected from 240 patients of coronary heart disease who are admitted to the resuscitation unit in Baquba Teaching hospital for the period 1st of December 2014 to1st of January 2015. The range of the patients' age is between 22 - 90 years old. The sample has been divided into three groups in accordance with body mass index and according to the classification of the American Institute. These groups are : natural weight from 18.5 - 24.9kg/m2, overweight from 25.00 - 29.9 kg/m2 and obesity30.00 kg/m2. The result shows that there is a significant rise in the fasting blood sugar, the total protein in serum and the systolic pressure with the rise of the body mass. While the level of the cholesterol, triacylgcerol and the remnant lipoprotein of the patient has not been affected with the different of the body mass. The patients with natural body mass index show significant rise in the total and direct bilirubin levels as compared with other groups with no significant differences among the groups in the levels of uric acid, urea, creatine, and phosphorus and iron ionic. We conclude that there is a correlation between the body mass index and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

دراسة بعض المؤشرات المناعية لدى بعض المرضى المصابين بداء السكري النوع الثاني في محافظة ديالى == A Study Some Immunological Parameters In Some Patients of Diabetes Mellitus Type Two In Diyala Province

Author name: ريم قاسم محمد الحديدي
Supervisor name: محمد عبد الدايم صالح
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: Type II diabetes mellitus is achronic diseas characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action or both and tissue resistante to insuline. This study was conducted in the Diyala province for the Type II diabetes patients which lasted for the period from beginning October 4102 to the end of May 4102 which aimed to evaluate some immunological indicators for patients infected with diabetes type two which included { assessment of the humoral immune by measuring the level of immunoglobulin (IgM, IgG) and the level of complement protein (C3, C2) by using the single radial immune diffusion assay and measuring the C - reactive protein (CRP) and determine the levels of Interlukin (IL - 01, IL - 01) by ELISA}. Atotal of (011) ablood sample was collected from patients with diabetes type two after diagnosis by a physician specialist in the clinic consulting in Baquba teaching hospital according to the criteria adopted by the World Health Organization for the diagnosis of diabetes type two, has been the number of males (24) percentage (20.11)% and the number of femals (22) percentage (21.02)% within the range of my age (32 - 11) years and collected (11) of blood sample from healthy volunteers ostensibly have been accredited as a group control, has been the number of males (32) percentage (21.33)% and the number of females is (42) percentage (20.14)% within the range of my age (31 - 44) years.Results of the study showed that the incidence of the disease rate a mong females (21.02)% than males (20.11)% with no significant difference statistically between the two groups of study for the sex, has found that age group (24 - 11, 11<) years recorded a high rate of disease (33.14)% and(32.12)% respectively while the age group (31 - 21) years percentage (1.11)% recorded lowest rate of disease whith high significant difference was noticed between the two groups.Furthermore results of the study showed low levels of immunoglobulin (IgM, IgG) in patients compared to the control group where found that the level IgM in patients (043.20124.22) mg/dl compared to the control group (434.24121.24) mg/dl and that the level of IgG in patients (0124.2110123.21) mg/dl compared to the control group (0103.32 ± 0442.14) mg/dl the results also showed low levels of complement proteins C3, C2 in patients compared to the control group it was found that the level of C3 in patients (01.00 ±31.14) mg/dl compared to the control group (030.02 ± 01.24) mg/dl and the level of C2 in patients (02.31 ± 4.11) mg/dl compared to the control group (20.231 4.13) mg/dl, and the results showed that the positivity of C - reactive protein in patients was (41.24)% compared to the control group was (1)% The results of the current study showed high level of IL - 01 in patients (410.24 ± 011.40) pg/ml compared to the control group (14.11132.43) pg/ml and the level of IL - 01 the results showed alow level of the IL - 01 in patients (13.13 ± 20.01) pg/ml compared to the control group (43.04 ± 40.03) pg/ml, inaddition to the study result showed agreat significant correlation between complement proteins (C3, C2) and the humoral immune (immunoglobulin IgM, IgG) as well as acorrelation between cellular immunity (IL - 01)and (IgM, C3).

تقييم فعالية المستخلص المائي والكحولي لنبات الصبار Aloevera في الاصابة التجريبية لطفيلي Eimeria tenella لدى فروج اللحم == Evaluationof Alcoholic Andwateryextracts Efficacyofaloe Veraon Experimental Infectedbroilerwitheimeriatenella

Author name: زهراء حاتم حميدي عبود الكعبي
Supervisor name: هيثم محمد حمادي العوادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على (216) فرخ دجاج نوع Rose 308مصاب بطفيلي Emiria tenella خلال المدة من شهر نيسان 2013 الى شهر تشرين الاول 2013, وقد تم في الدراسة الحالية تحديد بعـــــــــض المؤشــــــــــــــرات الدمــــوية (الخلايا المتغايرة /الخلايا اللمفاوية HL | This study was conducted to (216) broilers chickens (Rose 308 Trade) infected parasite with Eimeria tenella performed form April 2013 till October 2013, has been in the current study to identify some indicators of blood(Heterophils/ Lymphocytes, White Blood Cell, Red Blood Cell, Packed Cell Volume, Hemoglobin) and biochemistry (Glucose, cholesterol and total protein) and productive performance (Weight increase, Food conservation, Cansumbtion and Body weight befor slugtery) , We note at the parasite has infected chicks were used three extracts of Aloe vera (alcoholic and hot water and cold water), dosage chicks were to demonstrate the effect of different concentrations of these extracts on the productivity and physiological traits mentioned above. Then the experiment was designed, which include the following : 1 - The first group (control group) included 36 chicks and was given food with no anti - coccidial. 2 - The second group include 36 chicks in duplicate was infected but did not treated.3 - The third group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Alcoholic ethyl in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.4 - The fourth group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Cold water in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.5 - The fifth group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Hot water in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.6 - The sixth group include 36 chicks in duplicate was given Vetacox(trade Mark)that had both Sulphadimidin 80 gm and Diverdin8 gm.Results showed the following : - 1 - The alcoholic extract of Aloe vera at concentration (0.5, 1.5, 2) g/ml after an infection in the fifth week revealed alittle effect on the H/L when compared with eighth week of infection. also this extract lead to increase, the rate of (PCV), (Hb) , and (RBC) while lead to decrease the rate of (WBC) after eighth week of infection at concentration (2)g/ml. Also this extract lead to increase the rate of cholesterol, total protein and the rate of weight increased in the eighth week, while the amount of feed intake and feed conversion showed alittle effect, as well as the body weight befors slaughter has astrong effect at concentration(2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection. 2 - The cold and hot aquatic extract of Aloe vera at concentration(2)g/ml lead to decrease the ratio of H/L and increase the rate of (PCV), (Hb) and (RBC) after the infection in the eighth week, also lead to decreas the rate of (WBC) and increase the rate of cholesterol, total protein, the rate of weight increased, the amount of feed intake and the body weight before slaughter at concentration (2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection. Also recorded abetter efficiency of feed conrersion at concentration (2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection.

دراسة تصنيفية حياتية مقارنة لمراتب من الجنس Onobrychis Mill. (Fabaceae) في العراق

Author name: زينب جواد عامر
Supervisor name: عذية ناهي سلمان المشهداني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: استــهدف البــحث الــحالي دراســة تصــنــيفية مقارنة لاحدى عشر مرتبة تصنيفية تابعة للجنس Onobrychis Mill. من العائلة الفراشية (البقولية) Papilionaceae النامية بريا في العراق وهي O. acaulis وO. caput - galli وO. carduchorum وO. crista - galli بضربيه O. cri | A comparative systematic study was carried out for eleven taxa belong to the genus Onobrychis Mill., Family Papilionaceae grown widely in Iraq, and they are O. acaulis, O. caput - galli, O. carduchorum, O. crista - galli with two varieties O. crista - galli var. crista - galli and O. crista - galli var. trilophocarpa, O. galegifolia, O. haussknechtii, O. kotschyana, O. megataphros, O. ptolemaica, O. schahuensis. The Study included the gross general Morphological characters and Micromorphological characters, also the Pollen grains studied and Anatomy, Chemistry, Enviroment and Geographical distribution and Taxonomic treatment, also botanical key was putted to separate the taxa. General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa of genus distributed, in order to detect the distribution of the studied taxa of the genus Onobrychis. Therefore many collections obtained and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded, the specimens studied, and correct the mistake naming specimens were identified and reidentified some miss identified specimens. A comparative morphological study was undertaken to all taxa plants parts include the root, stems, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts and drew charts diagrams, tables and accompanying, with natural images for different morphology characteristics, as well as the field images. This study indicates that the characters of Leaf, Inflorescence, Flowers and Fruit were collectively contributed in the separation and identification of taxa. The pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because their different shape, dimensions of polar and equilateral view and wall thickness. The anatomical study showed the importance of Taxonomic support to the morphological characters in the diagnosis and isolation different taxa, and this study showed different in the anatomical characters of leaf include the characters of Epidermis, Stomata and the characters of a cross sections in stems. The current study showed that the trichomes were very important taxonomic in isolate different taxa because their variation in density, dimensions and the shape of epidermis cells that the trichomes arise from them and dimensions of the epidermal cells and the nature of their walls. The current study identified nineteen protein - amino acids by using High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the distribution of these compound was variable among various taxa of the genus and that was useful in isolation different taxa. and the aliphatic amino acids, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Serine, Arginine, Alanine, Tyrosine, Valine, Methionine, Isoleucine and Lysine had a wide presence in the studied taxa, which means that they belong to the same genus. The ecology and geographic distribution of the taxa were studied using area survey and information of herbaria specimens, maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical provinces. At last, a taxonomic treatment has been carried out for the taxa of the genus Onobrychis, as well as a detailed key to isolate them.

تاثير المياه الممغنطة والبنزل ادنين ومستحضر السماد الطحلبي في نمو نبات الجزر Daucus carota L. == Effect of Irrigation Water Magnetic, Benzyladenine And Algal Fertilizer Preparation On Growth of Carrot Plant Daucus Carota L

Author name: سارة عدنان نخاله
Supervisor name: عبد الامير علي ياسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت التجربة باستعمال الاصص خلال الموسم الشتوي للعام (2012 - 2013) م في تربة مزيجية وتحت الظروف البيئية الطبيعية في قسم علوم الحياة/ كلية التربية/ جامعة القادسية, لمعرفة تاثير مياه السقي الممغنطة والرش بتراكيز من البنزل ادنين ومستحضر السماد الطحلبي في ال | An experiment was conducted in the winter season of the year (2012 - 2013) in loam soil pots, in Biology department/ College of education/ Al - Qdisiya university, to find out effect of irrigation water magnetic, spryer of benzyl adenine concentrations and algal fertilizer on growth, mineral content and carotenoids to carrot plant (Daucus carota L.).The design of the experiment was randomized complete blocks (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement with three factors. The first factor was four intensities of magnetic to irrigation water (0, 500, 750 and 1000) gauss, the second factor was three concentration of benzyl adenine (0, 50 and 100) mg.L - 1 and third factor was three concentration of algal fertilizer (0, 1.5, and 3) ml.L - 1, with three replicates. The treatments means were compared by using averages revised least significant difference (RLSD) at 0.05 probability level.The following parameters were measured during the study plant height, leaf area, leaves number, vegetative fresh and dry weight, root dry weight, Leaves content of chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul, in addition to percentage of NPK, total protein and Fe (µg. g - 1). Results showed : 1 - The use of magnetic water by 1000 gauss were increase in plant height, leaf area, leaves number, vegetative fresh and dry weight, root dry weight, Leaves content of chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul, and magnetic water by 750 gauss were increase vegetative fresh weight and 500 gauss was increase K% but N%, P%, Fe (µg. g - 1) and protein% not affected by any different intensities to irrigated water.2 - Benzyl adenine at 100 mg. L - 1 concentration increased plant height, leaf area, leaves number, Leaves content of chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul, while 50 mg. L - 1 of benzyl adenine caused by increased in vegetative fresh and dry weight, N%, P%, Fe (µg. g - 1) and protein% but K% not affected.3 - The use of 3 ml.L - 1 algal fertilizer increased plant height, vegetative dry weight, P%, Fe (µg. g - 1), Leaves content of chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul. The concentration 1.5 ml.L - 1 algal fertilizer was increased leaves number but not affected in vegetative fresh weight, N%, P%, K% and protein%. The interactions with another factors caused increase of percentages. 4 - The interaction between magnetic water by 1000 gauss with 100 mg. L - 1 benzyl adenine increased plant height, leaf area, leaves number, leaves content of chlorophyll (a and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul. The use of magnetic water by same intensity (1000 gauss) with 50 mg. L - 1 BA increased vegetative dry weight, N%, P% and protein% while b chlorophyll was increase with 500 gauss and 100 mg. L - 1 BA.5 - the interaction between magnetic water and algal fertilizer concentrations revealed that use of 1000 gauss with 3 ml. L - 1 algal fertilizer increased plant height and leaf area, but the same interaction with 1.5 ml. L - 1 algal fertilizer increased leaves number, leaves content of chlorophyll (a and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul.6 - The interaction between benzyl adenine and algal fertilizer showed that used 100 mg.L - 1 BA with 3 ml. L - 1 algal fertilizer increased b chlorophyll, carotenoids and Baicalin, but use of the combination consisting of 100 ml. L - 1 BA with 1.5 ml/L algal fertilizer increased leaves number, leaves content of chlorophyll (a and total chlorophyll) and Pycogenul.7 - The triple interaction between experiment all factors revealed that increased in vegetative dry weight with two combinations (500 gauss magnetic water + 50 mg. L - 1 BA + 3 ml. L - 1 algal fertilizer and 1000 gauss magnetic water + 50 mg. L - 1 BA + 1.5 ml/L algal fertilizer). High P% was combination consisting of (500 gauss magnetic water + 100 mg.L - 1 BA + 1.5 ml.L - 1 algal fertilizer). High total chlorophyll, carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul were combination consisting of (1000 gauss magnetic water + 100 mg. L - 1 BA + 1.5 ml. L - 1 algal fertilizer).

دراسة بكتريولوجية كيمياوية وفيزياوية لمياه الشرب المعدنية المتداولة في الاسواق المحلية لمدينة تكريت == Bacteriological Chemical And Physical Study For Drinking Mineral Bottled Water Circulating In Local Market In Tikrit City

Author name: اسراء حمود عبد الدوري
Supervisor name: حميد سلمان خميس المهداوي | ياسين حسين عويد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية جمع عينات شهرية من اصناف المياه المعدنية المعباة المتداولة في الاسواق المحلية في مدينة تكريت ابتداء من شهر تشرين الاول عام 2010 م ولغاية شهر حزيران عام 2011 م وتم تقييم جودة عشرة اصناف من المياه المعباة بالاضافة الى ماء الصنبور ومقار | The current study included collected monthly samples of mineral water circulating in the local markets in the city of Tikrit from the month of October in 2010 until the month of June in 2011. It was evaluated the quality of ten varieties of bottled water and comparing the results to the standard specifications for Iraqi drinking water and international standards for the World Health Organization.Evaluation included a study of physical, chemical and microbiological factors : turbidity, total dissolved solid, total suspended solid, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total alkalinity, acidity, total hardness, calcium, sodium, potassium, salinity, chloride, phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, heavy metals, total number of bacteria and total coliforms.The level of quality parameters of these classes were in compliance with the different standards except for pH in one class Pearl and phosphate in one class Rovian.Comparing bottled water to tap water found that the concentrations of turbidity, total dissolved solid, total suspended solid, electrical conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, acidity, nitrate, iron, manganese and total number of bacteria in tap water higher than the concentrations in bottled water but didn’t exceed the upper limit that allowed by the local and international specifications for drinking water.Measurements also revealed that the values of most of the criteria listed on the packaging do not reflect the actual content of these water bottles with the exception of one class Kameran most of the packaging in this class has matched the actual content of the water container.The results also showed the absence of coliform bacteria in any of the varieties of bottled water and tap water as well as the significance of the absence of bacterial contamination in it.

مستوى الهستامين وبعض المعايير المناعية لمرضى الحساسية التنفسية من النوع الاول == The Level of Histamine And Some Immunological Parameters Among Airway Hypersensitivity Type I Patients

Author name: سلوى احمد حمزة الكرادي
Supervisor name: فريال جميل عبد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تم جمع 50 عينة دم من مرضى الحساسية التنفسية من النوع الاول المراجعين لمركز الحساسية والربو في محافظة بابل للفترة الممتدة ما بين تشرين الثاني 2013 ولغاية شباط 2014, بالاضافة الى 10 عينات دم من الاشخاص غير المصابين بالحساسية من النوع الاول والذين كان معدل I | Blood samples have been drawn from 50 airway hypersensitivity type I patients who visit the center of the allergies and asthma in the province of Babylon, for the period between November 2013 and up to February 2014, in addition to 10 samples from persons with normal IgE level as a control. The sample was divided into two parts, the first used to measure the level of eosinophils and basophils and the second used to measure the level of immune parameters, which included histamine, IgE, IL - 5, IL - 10 and IL - 12 by using the technique of Enzyme - Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). Study community were divided into three groups, the first group named before immunotherapy treatment and the second group after immunotherapy treatment and final is for control. Conducted differences in the level of immune parameters between the three groups, there were significant differences between the group before the treatment and control group as well as between the group before treatment and after treatment. The level of histamine for the three groups (before treatment and after the treatment and control), reached respectively 34.8292 ± 6.47680 ng / ml and 9.3238 ± 3.55296 ng / ml and 6.9844 ± 3.05477 ng / ml, and the level of IgE reached to the before treatment group 40.6279 ± 15.24231 IU / ml and the after treatment group 23.9529 ± 11.88933 IU / ml and control group 11.7796 ± 5.53 IU / ml, while the cell count of eosinophils for the before treatment group 0.7283 ? 0.24556 x 103 cells / mm 3 and after treatment group 0.3643 ? 0.14861 x 103 cells / mm 3 and control 0.2252 ? 0.09139 x 103 cells / mm 3 , as well as for the cells of basophils for the before treatment group 0.1008 ? 0.03391 x 103 cells / mm 3 and after treatment group 0.0777 ? 0.03485 x 103 cells / mm 3 and control 0.0724 ? 0.03568 x 103 cells / mm 3 , As for the cytokines the level of IL - 5 reached for the same groups 51.3214 ± 6.18565 pg / ml and 22.7254 ± 3.99360 pg / ml and 24.5404 ± 8.64920 pg / ml respectively, while IL - 10 has reached 14.9604 ± 6.48170 pg / ml and 43.0476 ± 21.26668 pg / ml and 24.4969 ± 10.21066 pg / ml, respectively, and finally the level of IL - 12 reached for the same groups 17.753 ± 8.39343 pg / ml and 39.1929 ± 17.73975 pg / ml and 26.7731 ± 12.93092 pg / ml, respectively. There were been a difference in the level of immune parameters for a number of variables, , place of residence, gender, and type of allergy, there were no significant differences observed in the level of immune parameters between these variables. comparison was made in the level of immune parameters for the group after the treatment depending on the duration of immunotherapy, and found that there were significant differences in the level of these parameters with the increase of the duration of treatment. Through this study, conducted the correlation among histamine and the rest of the immune parameters and the results were pointing to the positive correlation of histamine with IgE, IL - 5, eosinophils and basophils and negative correlation with IL - 10 and IL - 12.

التشخيص الجزيئي للفطر المحاري Pleuroutus ostreatus وفاعلية بعض المخلفات الصناعية في انتاجه وقابليته الخزنية == Molecular Diagnosis of The Oyster Mushroom Pleuroutus Ostreatus And Effectiveness of Some Industrial Waste In Its Production And Its Ability Storage

Author name: سولاف حامد تيموز
Supervisor name: عبد الامير سمير سعدون
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة انتاج الفطر المحاري ostreatus Pleuroutus باستعمال اوساط زرعية محضرة من مخلفات صناعة محلية وما لها من اهميه من الناحية الاقتصادية كونه يعد عنصرا غذائيا مهما يحل محل البروتين الحيواني المتمثل باللحوم، وما لهذا الفطر من اهمية طبية وعلاجية ا | This study included the production of mushroom oyster Pleuroutus ostreatus by using agricultural media prepared from local industry and which has importance in the economic district it's consider important nutrition element instead of animal protein representive by meat. this fungus has importance of medical and therapeutic, the results showed existence of chemical substances concentrated in the fruiting bodies such as Galic acid and Statin and other substances. that have had an active role in reducing cholesterol in the blood as well as break the clot blood through the presence of certain types of enzymes that break down blood clotting, which may occur, the results showed when studying the mushrooms from the genetic diagnosis molecularly using the technique of the PCR to determine the type of isolation that gives the production of economically significant. Results showed the presence of gene hereditary called Osteareolysin who works with several aspects of the mushrooms which give the recipe contrast pathogenic fungi plant also this study included re - using some of the remnants of plant starch corn husks and Al - gluten and corn embryos. the remnants of Maysan sugar Factory of material Molasses and Molass Baggaz and the study of their role as carrying materials, central ferment and growth of the oyster mushroom during agricultural it on these remnants. The results of the chemical analysis of the remnants of the sugar indestrey in Maysan Molasses and Baggaz and waste plant starch in Al - hashemeyeh / Babylon Al - Baggaz and yellow corn straw showed that molasses substance was contain the amount of sugars which sometimes reach to 41%, that making it as a good base of food to mushroom. When added molasses at different levels 2, 4, 6% to the central media the study showed a positive relationship between the levels of molasses and the radial growth of the oyster mushroom. The concentrations 25, 50, 100% of the leaky innate showed ability Tdhadah high - fungal plant pathogen (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, Stymphllium sp., Penicillium sp.) Antigonsim when studying the negative ability of the fungus. The results showed a significant increasing in the growth standards and gaining characteristics of the oyster mushroom in the mass production of fruiting bodies called the gaining total according to the wet weight and it was higher production on corn husks and pomace dates 761.89, 735.13 g /kg of media and concentration of molasses 6%. when measuring efficiency of the fungus to product the largest amount of fruiting bodies observed that the middle pea - corn husks and pomace dates gave a larger amount of the remaining media and a concentration of 6% 76.18, 73.51%, have been affected by the weights of pods fungal change is another factor which affected by rates of molasses. The results were closely between nutrition media but nevertheless observed superiority of Corn husks and Pomace dates on the rest of media (15.04, 13.77)by using 6% concentration of molasses. when calculate the lengths of the necks of the body fruiting because of the great importance in a statement recipes - gaining produced and influenced by user medai - aligned and concentrations of molasses, as there were differences moral at all concentrations of molasses, when calculating the percentage of dry matter increased significantly increase the concentration of molasses and all concentrations compared with a comparison of strew wheat, which amounted to 12.16% when adding 2% molasses observed the emergence of highly significant differences between treatments and compared with control treatment, which gave treatment of Pomace dates highest rates, followed by corn husks and corn embryo and Al - gluten and Baggaz 8.21, 9.00, 9.28, 9.29%, respectively. For the purpose of obtaining material efficient in maintaining the objects fruiting intact throughout the storage period tested preservatives (such as Sorbic acid and black pepper) and concentrations 40.20g / l of articles in a row leads to prolong longevity reservoir simulation of the objects fruiting and maintain the quality characteristics of the objects fruiting. The results showed that the addition of material to the feeder molass medai AGRO of oyster mushroom had been increased the proportion of protein in the fruiting bodies, either with respect to calculate the proportion of carbohydrates had been found that the percentage of carbohydrates are associated with a high positive correlation relationship between the concentration of molasses and the different transactions that were used in the experiment. The oils were represented less than what can be had reached attribute to 0%. Well conducted safety checks the health of the mushroom oyster and the results were that the fungus free of toxins by anatomy organic to members liver, kidney and intestines and by the standards of blood physiological mice tested. And the importance of this project calculated the economic viability and profits and revenue obtained from such a project.

تاثير الحمل في بعض وظائف الكبد وعدد من المتغيرات الدموية والكيموحيوية == The Effect of Pregnancy On Some Liver Functions And Blood And Biochemical Changes For The Pregnant Women In Al - Alam

Author name: رؤى حسين علوان الجبوري
Supervisor name: صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة تاثير الحمل في وظائف الكبد وعدد من صفات الدم الكيموحيوية حيث تم جمع عينات دم من نساء حوامل خلال مراحل الحمل الثلاث ومن نساء متزوجات غير حوامل كمجموعة سيطرة، وجرت هذه الدراسة في مركز العلم الصحي للفترة من اب 2008 الى ك 1 2009 وبلغ مجموع | This study took the effects of pregnancy on liver functions and number of biochemical blood characteristics, in which blood samples were taken from pregnant women during the three trimesters of pregnancy and from non - pregnant married women as a control group, and this study was done in The Alam health centre from August 2008 to December 2009, and the number of pregnant women were (120) women while the non - pregnant married women were (40) women, there ages were between 15 - 40 years old. The results of this study showed increase in Body Mass Index for pregnant women with progress of pregnancy compared with the non - pregnant married women givingP value (P<0.01) and there was appearance of specific elevation in Fibrinogen concentration in blood and Serum Albumin and Cholesterol concentration and Triglyceride in pregnant women compared with the non - pregnant married women giving P value (P<0.01). Also the results showed specific decrease in Bilirubin during the three trimesters of pregnancy compared with the non - pregnant married women especially in the third trimester giving P value (P<0.01). Also the results showed specific elevation in liver enzymes represented by Alkaline phosphatase and Aspartate transaminase enzyme and Alanine transaminase enzyme especially in the last two trimesters of pregnancy in comparision with the non - pregnant married women giving P value (P<0.01), but for Malondialdehyde, the results showed specific elevation during the three trimesters of pregnancy compared with the non - pregnant married women in contrast to the Glutathione antioxidants that showed specific decrease during the three trimesters of pregnancy in comparasion with the non - pregnant married women giving P value (P<0.01). And the study showed also the effects of pregnancy on the blood elements, in which there was obviouse decrease in number of Platelets during the three trimesters of pregnancy compared with the non - pregnant married women giving P value (P<0.01). And the Heamoglubin concentration, Red Blood Cell number and the mean corpuscle Volume Suffer Specific decrease during the three trimesters of pregnancy compared with the non - pregnant married women giving P value (P<0.01).
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