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تقييم فعالية مستخلصات مستنبت القمح Triticum aestivum في بعض الانواع البكتيرية المسببة لاخماج مختلفة == Evaluation The Activity of Germinated Wheat Extractions Triticum Aestivum On Some Bacterial Species That Cause Different Infections

Author name: اسماء عيسى محمود
Supervisor name: رشيد حميد حسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: The study had included isolation and diagnosis of three hundred samples for both sexes their ages were between (1 - 60) years of the inpatients and outpatients in Tikrit Teaching Hospital and General Samarraa Hospital during the period from 1/9 / 2011 to 1/3/2012. The infections were distributed among the burns infections, the wounds, urinary tract infections (UTI) and female genital tract infections (High vagina). This study clarified that (192) sample from the total samples showed bacterial growth in percentage 64%. The results of this study indicated to the proportion 58% with (UTI) by (87) bacterial isolation were produced from (150) isolation. The percentage of burns infections were 81.81% from (55) sample which distributed among the first, second and third class burns. The burns of second and third class gave bacterial growth in a proportion 100% while the first class burns gave 64.28%. Concerning the wounds infections, bacterial growth was 62.9% from (62) sample. The infections proportion of (H.V) was 63.63% from (33) sample. The results of the current study showed that the infections in females were higher that in males with respect to (UTI), while there was not considered difference between the males and females about the burns and wounds infections. Differently, the (H.V) infections were just for the females in the ages between (18 - 45). It was clear according to the results of diagnosis that Escherichia coli had the highest proportion of isolations 25.52% from the total isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus 18.23% Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15.63%, both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus miribilis 10.42% Staphylococcus epidermidis 4.69% Citrobacter freundii 4.17%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3.64% both Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis 2.6%, Streptococcus pyogenes 1.56% and Staphylococcus intermedius had the least percentage 0.5% by one from (192) isolate. The sensitivity of these isolates was tested by (10) antibiotic which included quinolones, aminoglycosides, beta - lactams and tetracyclines antibiotics. Among these antibiotics imipenem and ciprofloxacin were more effective, while the other antibiotics were different either active or not active at all.The wheat germinating was used in this study with the ages (36 - 48) hour and its activity was tested by using some bacterial kinds. After completing several quantitative and qualitative tests on this germinating, the carbohydrates proportion was between 67 - 70%, the protein proportion by folin method was between 10 - 8%, the lipids proportion was 1.5%.Some mineral elements in germinated wheat were estimated which include Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Potassium, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Selenium, and Sodium element, active materials were also estimated in the wheat germinating extracts which had inhibitory effect on the microbiology. It was clear by the tests that the germinating contains a lot of Phenolic compounds, Terpeniods, glycosides and steroids. These materials were extracted by using some extracts included the cold water extracts and hot water extracts, alcoholic extracts (ethanol and methanol) and phenolic extract. All the extracts prepared in concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200) mg/ ml. This study showed that the phenolic extract had high effect on the bacterial kinds in comparison with the methanolic and ethanolic extracts at (200) mg/ ml concentration while the cold water extract had less effect on these bacterial isolates in comparison with the above extracts, finally the hot water extract had no inhibitory effect against any isolated bacterial type with all the concentrations. The inhibitory action of these extracts was compared with some antibiotics as a control sample. These antibiotics represents different groups of antibiotics and which contained Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Ceftazidime in addition to Augmentin.In this study the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fenolic, alcoholic and watery extracts was determined and the concentration was different according to the extract type, the bacterial type and the isolation site.

التحري عن مؤشرات وراثية وفسلجية لتحمل الجفاف لصنفين من الحنطة Triticum aestivum L. == Investigation of Genetic And Physiological Markers For Drought Tolerance of Two Cultivars of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L)

Author name: اشواق ابراهيم بشير العبيدي
Supervisor name: شاكر مهدي صالح | عقيل حسين العاصي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تم في هذه الدراسة البحث عن امكانية ايجاد مؤشرات وراثية ترتبط بمؤشرات فسلجية وذلك من خلال الدراسة على مستويين : ا - المستوى الفسلجي : زراعة صنفين من الحنطة الناعمةL Triticum aestivum في حقول كلية الزراعة/ جامعة تكريت لموسم النمو 2010 - 2011، وذلك بزراعة بذو | This study was conducted to investigate a genetic marker linked to physiological marker through a design an outdoor experiment which includes two parts : - 1 - Physiological part : Included planting two cultivars of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the fields of the college of Agriculture, university of Tikrit, during growth season (2010 - 2011). The stage of work had been done by cultivated the seeds of two cultivars of wheat (Sham - 6, Abu - Ghraib) in pots, when they reached the stage of (4 - 5) leaves it had been exposed to two dryness periods 7 and 10 days. It spread with growth regulator Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) (150 ppm) to know which type is more resistance for dryness through estimation of proline concentration as a physiological marker and to indicate the effect of IAA to reduce the dryness effect in some features of growth physiological function and yield component according to complete Randomize Design (CRD). Some markers of drought tolerance have been estimated including : proline content, chlorophyll concentration and the degree of membrane stability then plants were left for harvesting period. The results of the outdoor experiment were : 1 - Exposure the plants to dehydration periods during their growth caused reducing of the most studied characters (leaf area, plant height, tillers number, concentration of chlorophyll A and B and the total chlorophyll), while there was an increase in the content of the proline and the injury index of plasma membrane. 2 - Some characteristic did not showed effect by drought periods (dry weight of plant, number of days of flowering, spikes number, spike length, number of grains/ spike and weight of 1000 grains).3 - Sham - 6 cultivar was superior than Abu Ghraib - 3 in three characteristic (number of days of flowering, leaf area, weight of 1000 grains), while Abu Ghraib - 3 cultivar was superior in the grains number /spike than sham - 6 cultivar.4 - The concentration of IAA (150 ppm) had a different effect. It had a positive effect in the decrease drought for some characteristic (proline content, injury index of plasma membrane, leaf area, plant height, dry weight, spike number and grains yield).2 - Genetic part : DNA has been isolated from fresh leaves of two types of wheat, arrange yields of DNA were in the range of (40 - 150) micro gram per 1.5 gram of plant leaves, and the purity ranged between (1.2 - 1.7). The reaction PCR was done by using 11 primer of the Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) in addition to two pair of specific primer to detect the genes which are responsible for coding of two enzymes which involved in anabolism and catabolism of proline. The results obtained are as follows : - 1 - Five primer of RAPD did not appear any binding site (OPA - 18, OPL - 20, OPA - 11, OPQ - 17 and OPH - 14).2 - Six primer of RAPD have appeared main and monomorphic bands (OPO - 16, OPH - 07, OPN - 16, OPM - 20, OPJ - 13 and OPQ - 06), in addition to the absent of the other bands from some treatments. 3 - The two pair of specific primer have given three monomorphic bands with different molecules weight.4 - The primer (OPH - 07) has appeared a unique band with molecular weight (1670) pb for Sham - 6 cultivar during second drought period (10 days without hormone). These results obtained from this study were identical with physiological part in the ability of both types to drought tolerance

وظائف الغدة الدرقية وبروتين C التفاعلي لدى مرضى العجز الكلوي المزمن المستمرين على الديلزة الدموية ومرضى الزرع الكلوي == Thyroid Functions And C - Reactive Protein In Chronic Renal Failure Patients On Hemodialysis And Kidney Transplantation

Author name: احمد جاسم محمد المشهداني
Supervisor name: نبيل خالد محمد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: يعاني مرضى الغسيل الدموي من امراض مزمنة يعتقد بانها لاتطال الغدة الدرقية, ولتقييم ذلك من خلال كل من الاداء الوظيفي الكلوي والدرقي لدى مرضى الفشل الكلوي المزمن والزرع الكلوي تم : - 1) قياس مستويات اليوريا والكرياتنين والفسفور وبروتين C التفاعلي, الكالسيوم | Patients on regular hemodialysis suffer from a chronic illness that is believed not to involve the thyroid gland. In this study, we evaluated the thyroid and kidney functions in Patients with end - stage renal disease and transplantation from : - 1) measurment levels of urea, creatinine, phosphorus, and C - reactive protein, calcium and albumin in patients and compared control. 2) measurment levels of thyroid hormones fT4, fT3 addition to thyroid stimulating - hormone TSH in the blood serum of patients and compared control. This study was conducted in Baquba teaching Hospital /Department of dialysis, the period from November.1st. 2013 to April.1st. 2014, from which to collect 80 blood samples, 40 samples hemodialysis Patients including (26 males, 14 females), 40 person Renal or kidney transplant Patients (32 males, 8 females) do not suffer from thyroid disease, compared with 40 blood samples for healthy people(control) (32 males, 8 females), within the age range of (20 - 70 years).. The Results of the study revealed a significant increase of probability (p<0.001) in levels of urea, creatinine and phosphorus in hemodialysis patients compared to control (21.932 ±1.072, 4.766 ± 0.122 mmol/L) (413.400 ±29.109, 62.375± 1.142 umol/L) (5.397 ±0.370, 3.875 ± 0.127 mg/dl) respectively. the results also indicate revealed a rise in the concentration of acute phase protein (C - reactive protein) by (50%) in hemodialysis patients, which reflected negatively increase the mortality rate in these patients, and low in glomerular filtration rate in hemodialysis patients compared to control (16.152±1.395, 126.325 ±2.020 ml/min) respectively. while still this significant difference in these levels with the exception of urea and glomerular filtration rate, which continued at the same level in renal transplant patients. The results indicated the presence of a significant decrease of probability (p<0.001) in the levels of calcium and albumin in hemodialysis patients compared to the control (7.857± 0.266, 9.058 ± 0.063 mg/dl) (3.333±0.156, 4.146 ± 0.108 g/dl) respectively. This decrease to become less significant in renal transplantation patients (P<0.01). The Thyroid hormone levels were the results of the statistical analysis show a significant decrease of probability (P <0.001) in Thyroid hormone levels Free triiodothyronine in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients as compared to the control (3.233±0.151, 4.519 ± 0.100, 5.191 ± 0.137 pmol/l) respectively. While Free Thyroxine levels did not show a significant difference at the hemodialysis group compared to control , while the renal transplant group the results indicated the presence of a significant increase of probability (P <0.01) in hormone levels as compared to control amounted to (16.400 ± 0.778, 14.671± 0.401 pmol/l ) respectively. did not significant affected variations of the thyroid - stimulating hormone among the two groups of patients compared to the control. Notes from the above results presence decrease in thyroid hormone levels Free triiodothyronine fT3 in patients with hemodialysis and kidney transplant.

دراسة تاثير مستخلصات نباتي القرنفل والخروع على نمو بعض الفطريات المنتجة لانزيم البروتييز والمسببة لالتهاب الاذن الخارجية == Study Effect of Syzigium Aromaticum And Ricinus Communis Extracts On Growth of Some Fungi That Produce Protease And Cause Otitis Externa

Author name: بتول عمران ذيب
Supervisor name: خليل ابراهيم بندر النعيمي | ذكرى احمد حمادة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Fungi
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: ضمنت الدراسة عزل وتشخيص الفطريات من الاذن الخارجية في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي - وحدة الاذن والانف والحنجرة والعيادات الخاصة في مدينة تكريت, خلال الاشهر تموز, اب وايلول 2008. جمعت 100 مسحة اذنية من المرضى المشخصة اصابتهم بالتهاب الاذن الخارجية الفطري من قبل | The study was included isolation and identification of fungi from the external ear in Tikrit teaching hospital, the unit of Ear, Nose, and throat (E.N.T.) and Privete clinics in the city of Tikrit during the months July, august, and September2008. 100 ear swabs were collected from the patiants whose diagnosed by Otologists with Otomycosis, and 50 ear swaps were collected from healthy persons in the same city and period time, These samples were examined by dierect microscopic examination treated with KOH 10% with hot flame to ensure the fungal infections, and Culturing on Sabouraud, s Dextrose Agar was done for isolation and identification of types of fungi which responseple for infection, The result of direct microscopic examination and culture showed that 76(76%) were positive for fungi, 64 were positive by direct microscopic examination and culture, and 12 posative in culture only. The most common fungi isolated from patient were Aspergillus Spp.36). (%22 followed by Candida Spp. (%67. 10), Trichophyton Spp(%6.5) , and Penicillium spp. (%3.94%), Aspergills niger appeared as the predominant fungi (%84. 36) followed by Aspergillus flavus (%36. 22), Candida albicans (42. 18%), Aspergills terrous (7.89%) , Candida kruzi, Penicillium spp (3.94%), Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Trichophyton verrucosum (63. 2%) and Trichophyton scheonlieni (%1.31), and no fungi were isolate from the healthy person. Higher percentage of fungi infection were recorded in female 46(60.52%) than male 30(39.47%). and the higher percentage for fungal infection was recorded in the age group (31 - 40) with percentage (23.68%). fungal ear infection was recorded with highest percentage in right ear 47 (61.84%), and for the left ear 29 (38.15%). and high rate of infection was recorded in august (73.69%), Higher percentage of infection was recorded in patient house wives (52.36%), the itching was the most commen symptom , The most habits used to clean the ear by dearty body (51.31%), Ahigher percentage (76.4%) recorded in non educated persons. The results of active ingredients test for Syzigium aromaticum and Ricinus communis revealed that clove dry flower buds contain Flavonoides, Glycosides, Tannins, Volatile oils, Terpenes, Resins, and Phenols, while castor leaves contain Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oils, Terpenes, Resins, Saponins and Phenols, pH of clove bud 4.3 and pH of castor leaves 5.8. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were Prepeared, which belongs to Syzigium aromaticum and Ricinus communis under the study, commercial oil for clove and seed castor were used in the study, the effects of inhibition of Aqueous and Alcoholic extracts and commercial oil had been studied on the growth and protease production on the three fungi which were showed the high ratio appeared among the isolation sample under the study with 5 concentration 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 (mg /ml), and the affected rate of these extracts and oils under the study on fungi were varied. The relation between Aqueous extract of clove bud and fungi growing was increasing relation, While Alcoholic Extract and commercial oil showed preference in the inhibition of the isolated fungi grown while its effect on Candida albicans was increase with increase the concentration, The effect of aqueous and Alcoholic Extract of castor leaves on Moulds showed reverse effect. on the other hand the commercial oil effect was slight effect, and both extracts did not showed effect on the Candida albicans as well as the Commercial oil.When adding Clove Extracts and Commercial oil and in all concentrations dose not gave any production of the Protease enzyme in the solid media, whereas the extracts of castor leaves and commercial oil were showed effects on the production of Protease enzyme, and Aspergills niger was more effected and these extracts did not showed an effect on the Candida albicans.Aqueous and Alcoholic extract and commercial oil to the Clove revealed higher influence rate than the effect of the Castor leaves extract , and in a different rate

تحديد تعبير الجين المتحمل للملوحة TaGSK1 في عدد من اصناف الحنـطـة == Determination of Gene Expression of Salt Tolerant Gene Tagsk1 In Wheat Cultivars

Author name: ايمان نعمان اسماعيل
Supervisor name: نورية عبد الحسين علي | مجيد ارشيد سباح
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت الدراسة الحالية في مركز بحوث التقنيات الاحيائية/ جامعة النهرين للمدة 2011 - 2012 لغرض الكشف عن جين الملوحة TaGSK1 ودراسة التعبير الجيني له في صنفين من الحنطة فرات ودجلة والتركيب الوراثي 2H المنتخبة لصفة تحمل الملوحة مقارنة مع الصنف تموز2 الحساس للملو | This study was conducted in biotechnology research center, Al - Nahrain university in 2011 - 2012 to detect the gene responsible for salt tolerant (TaGSKI) and study its expression in two wheat (Tigris and Euphrates) cultivars and the genotype (2H) were selected for salt tolerance through improvement and breeding programs as compared with to the sensitive local wheat cultivar (Tamooze 2). Seeds of the these cultivars were sown in flasks that contained Ms media in three salt levels (0, 15, 25) ds/m with three replication for each. Five seeds from each cultivars were sown in each replicate. After 10 - 15 days from the sowing, the percentage of germination was estimated, and samples of leaves were collected for RNA extraction and then changed to the cDNA. B - actin gene that consider endogenous control and salt tolerant gene TaGSK1 were amplificated by using PCR technique to discover the gene and by QPCR to estimate gene expression by determine the CT (Cycle Threshold) value for B - actin and TaGSK1 genes in wheat plants of the studying cultivars. Number of DNA dilutions of 189bp molecular weight that extracted from agarose gel were used to determing CT value for each dilution. Standard curves were drawn to find out value of PCR Efficiency which was used for gene expression for the salt tolerant gene TaGSK1.The results of germination percentage (%) showed that there were high differences between the two salt tolerant cultivars (Tigris and Euphrates) and 2H genotype and local cultivar (Tamooze 2). Euphrates cultivar gave 100% germination percentage, and the Tigris cultivar and 2H genotype gave 89, 86% germination percentage respectively at 25ds/m. whilst the local cultivar gave zero germination percentage at the same level of salinity. At 15ds/m level, also the Euphrates cultivar gave 100% germination percentage while the Tigris cultivar and 2H genotype gave 96, 94% germination percentage respectively as compared to Tamooze cultivar that gave 13% germination percentage. All the cultivars have 100% germination percentage at 0.0ds/m level. The conclusion of this result is the two cultivars (Tigris and Euphrates) and 2H genotype more salt tolerance than local cultivar at this growth stage which more salt sensitive than others growth stages. The results of PCR reaction were also indicated that Tigris and Euphrates cultivars and 2H genotype have salt tolerant gene TaGSK1, while this gene did not exist in the local cultivar. There were two bands of TaGSK1 gene that have 189bp and 404bp molecular weight in the Tigris and Euphrates cultivar and the genotype 2H, while the local cultivars have only one band that have 404bp molecular weight. These results were indicated that 189bp molecular weight of this gene is responsible for salt tolerance character in these cultivars.The results of QPCR reaction also were revealed that there is difference between the cultivars in their gene expression. Tigris and Euphrates cultivars and 2H genotype gave the highest gene expression at 15ds/m and increased at 25ds/m as compared to 0.0ds/m. At the second level 15ds/m the gene expression of the two cultivars and genotype was 0.8682, 0.8190 and 0.8688 respectively, and at the third level 25ds/m was 1.656, 1.3176 and 1.2665 respectively, while at the first level 0.0ds/m was less than the other 15, 25 ds/m as compared to local cultivar that the gene salt tolerant (TaGSK1) have no gene expression at the same salt levels. This result indicated that the local cultivar does not have salt tolerant gene TaGSK1. From these results we can revealed that TaGSK1 gene was found in the Tigris and Euphrates cultivars and 2H genotype, and this gene can be considered from high salt tolerant gene, because it gave the highest gene expression at the highest salt level 25ds/m. Therefore this gene help the plant to tolerate salt stress and grow very well. The results also showed that the two salt tolerant cultivars (Tigris and Euphrates) and the salt tolerant genotype (2H) proximately have the same salt tolerance degree, so they have proximately the same gene expression as compared to salt sensitive local cultivar which have no salt tolerant gene TaGSK1. This gene is good indicator for salt tolerance at high salinity levels 15, 25 ds/m in these cultivars and genotype.

التاثيرات المرضية النسجية لعقار ليفيتيراسيتام في التكوين الجنيني لكلى اجنة ومواليد وحوامل الجرذ الابيضAlbino rats (Rattus rattus) == Histopathological Effect of Levetiracetam Drug On The Kidney Development In Rats Embryo, Newborns And Pregnant Albino Rat (Rattus Rattus)

Author name: لمياء هادي محمد الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: نهلة عبد الرضا البكري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Embryology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الصرع هو حالة مزمنة تتميز بنوبات متكررة دون سابق انذار، سببها خلل في نقل الاشارات الكهربائية داخل الدماغ، وعقار Levetiracetam (LEV) من العقاقير المضادة للصرع، ذو خصائص دوائية ملائمة وتظهر فعاليته في تحسين السيطرة على النوبات، ويكون امتصاصه في البلازما سري | Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurrent abrupt seizures episodes caused by the defect in the transmission of electrical signals to the brain. LEV is one of antiepileptic drugs which has appropriate pharmacological properties and show its effectiveness in improving the control of the epileptic seizers, its rapid absorbance, and its excretion through the kidneys by glomerular filtration and it is re - absorption into the tubular portion.Kidney arise from intermediate mesoderm and it consists of three execratory organs in all vertebrates : pronephros which is transient and present in all vertebrates, mesonephros which also present in all vertebrates embryos and their activity depends upon the type of embryo, and metanephros which is the functional kidney during life after the embryogenesis in reptiles, birds and mammals. The first signals for kidney initiation in albino rat embryo take place in the 10th days of pregnancy. The current study is designed to demonstrate the effect of LEV (350 mg/kg/day) on the kidney development of Albino rat fetus from the age of 8 - 18 days of pregnancy and its effect on the kidneys of the 3 and 7 days aged newborns. In addition to its effect on pregnant rat kidneys treated with the drug for 17 days. Hundred pregnant Albino rat (Rattus rattus) are enrolled in this study, classified blindly to 50 control and 50 pregnant rats are orally treated with LEV (350 mg/kg/day). The histological results of the current study revealed that there is no effect on embryonic kidney in fetuses aged 9 days of pregnancy, whereas, the pronephros of the fetuses aged 10 days shows death of the cells in comparison to control group. Moreover, the kidney of the 11th aged fetuses showed degeneration of the mesonephric duct represented by decrease cellular mass, death and hypertrophy of some cells comparing to the cells of control group. Concerning the kidney of the 12th aged fetuses and subsequent days, there is degeneration of the epithelial cells of the metanephros duct, their detachment from the basement membrane and their congestion in comparison to the cells of the control group. The kidney of the 13th aged fetuses showed swelling, damage for some of the epithelial cells of the glomerulus and collecting tubules, accumulation and shrinkage of glomerular cells, damage, death, and detachment of some collecting tubules cells demonstrated in the 14th aged fetuses. There enlargement of capsular space in addition to the most previous defects was seen in the 15th aged fetuses in comparison to the control group. Most of the previous defects are seen in the 16th, 17th and 18th age fetuses. Scanning electron microscope revealed nuclear enlargement of the podocytes found in the visceral layer of the renal corpuscle of the 16th aged fetuses (mean diameter 64.6 µm compare to 39.2 µm of the control group). Regarding the kidney of 3rd and 7th aged newborns, the histological defects seen in the latest aged fetuses was also seen and there was statistically significant differences (p?0.05) between the diameters mean of the glomerulus of the 3rd and 7th aged newborn. Whereas, there was no significant difference in the diameter of the kidney tubules of 3rd but there was significant difference of the 7th aged newborn. Regarding the kidney of the 17th day treated pregnant rat, there was enlargement of the capsular space caused by accumulation, and degeneration of glomerular cells characterized by loss of the nucleus, shrinkage of the glomeruli, and atrophy of most of them. Loss of the nucleus and detachment of the cells, and swelling of most of the collecting tubules. There was a statistically significant difference between the diameter of the kidney tubules of the pregnant rat and the control group. In conclusion, LEV had histological effect on the kidney of the 10 - 18 aged fetuses and on 3, 7 days aged newborns in addition to its effect on the kidney of the pregnant female treated with the drug for 17 days.

دراسة العوامل الوراثية والخلوية والتوصيف الجزيئي لاصناف الحنطة المزروعة في محافظة النجف باستخدام مؤشرات التتابعات البسيطة المتكررة SSR == Studying The Genetic And Cellular Factors And Molecular Characterization of Wheat Varieties Cultivars In The Province of Najaf By Using Simple Sequences Repeat Ssr Markers

Author name: صبا عبد المطلب المدني
Supervisor name: ميثم عبد الهادي السوداني | سلوى جابر العوادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: ضمن البحث دراسة عشرة اصناف من الحنطة الناعمة (حنطة الخبز) Triticum aestivum L. من الاصناف العراقية والمدخلة الى البلد من قبل وزارة الزراعة العراقية والمزروعة في محافظة النجف وهي : الشام6 , ابوغريب, تموز2, تموز3, العراق, النور, اللطيفية, اباء 99, الرشيد, و| The study included studying ten cultivars of soft wheat (wheat bread) of several types the Iraqi, foreign and imported types into the country by the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture and cultivated in the province of Najaf, they are : Sham 4, Abu Ghraib, Tamoz 2, Tamoz 3, Iraq, Alnoor, Latifiya, Ebaa 99, Rasheed and Alforat to study the genetic stability using cytological studies. Cultivars were grown in Petri dishes and pots for the cytological studies that included studying the number of chromosomes in the somatic cells at the root tips and the chromosomal behavior during meiosis of the mega spores of the Pollen Mother Cells (PMCs). The cytological studies regarding the number of somatic chromosomes in the meristematic cells of the root tip revealed that they were in genetic stability regarding the level of chromosomal number and in a state of Eupliod in all the investigated cultivars. They also showed that the chromosomal behaviors during meiosis of the pollen mother cell (PMCs) was bivalent representing organized chromosomal behavior in the investigated cells which is regarded as an indicator and a proof of genetic stability of the studied cultivars. During the study, the genetic cultivars, using 15 primers of simple sequence repeat (SSR), gave all polymorphic between the cultivars and produced polymorphic 39 alleles at average of 2.6 for each locus, showed the genetic adendrogram of ten cultivars was performed by two groups in which the percentage of similarity between them was 75% as the results showed that the closest cultivars to each other were Tamoz 2 and Ebaa 99 which is the same genetic dimension between Tamoz 3 and Ebaa 99 reached 0.107 and by the similarity 89%, while the two cultivars alsham4 and Al - Rasheed were divergent (0.333) with 67% similarity.

تشخيص المسببات البكتيرية والفايروسية لخمج الاغشية السحائية في مدينة الموصل == Detection of Bacterial And Viral Causes of Meningitis In Mosul

Author name: قاسم مصطفى خالد
Supervisor name: علي صالح حسين الجبوري | اميرة محمود محمد الراوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة اجراء عدد من الاختبارات العيانية والكيميائية على عينات سائل النخاع الشوكي (CSF) cerebrospinal fluid البالغة 152 عينة والتي جمعت من الاطفال الراقدين في مستشفى الخنساء التعليمي ومستشفى ابن الاثير التعليمي في مدينة الموصل لحديثي الولادة لغاية 1 | This study includes performing of macroscopical and chemical and Microbial tests on 152 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from hospitalized children in Al - khansaa and Ibn - Al - Atheer teaching hospitals in Mosul city with ages ranged from newbornn to 12 years old. Suspected to be infected with meningitis during the interval from August 2009 till April 2010.The results showed that 46.1% of samples were normal with respect to colour and appearance as well as variations in the levels of the three variables including glucose, protein and total cell count with differential cells in the studied samples.The study also included isolation and identification of gram positive and negative bacteria, morphological, cultural and biochemical tests and API were done depending on identification of the isolated bacteria.Many types of isolated gram positive bacteria belonged to the two genera staphylococcus and streptococcus; the results revealed that S.aureus was the more predominant within gram positive causes. Well as many types of gram negative bacteria were isolated represented with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Acinetobacter spp. E.coli and Neisseria meningitidis with different percentages with dominance of K.pneumonia and H.influenzae.The study also included screening of some viral causes of meningitis from (35) CSF samples which gave negative culture results by using qualitative Enzyme immunoassays technique using Minividas apparatus.The results showed positive results with 14.2% for two types of virus including Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Cytomegalo virus (CMV).The study indicated that males were more compared with Females with 55.9% and 44.1% to males and females respectively and highest infection rate occurred in 1 day - 2 years old.Statistical analysis showed the presence of significant correlation between sex, age and the three varieties glucose, protein and total cell count the results showed there is no significant differences between the studied factors.The study also includes sensitivity for some antibiotics, the results showed that gram positive bacteria were the more sensitive to Vancomycin and Cefatriaxone as well as Clindamycin while gram negative bacteria showed sensitivity and resistance percentages of bacteria in general were varied to other antibiotics under study.

دراسة تاثيرات سم الزيرالينون في حبوب الذرة الصفراء والحنطة على بعض المعايير الحيوية لدى اناث الجرذ الابيض وامكانية المعالجة الحيوية للحد من تلك التاثيرات == Study The Effects of Zearalenone Toxin In Maize And Wheat Grain On Some Vital Parameter Among Female White Rat And The Possibility of Biological Treatment To Reduce These Effects

Author name: محمد فخري حسين الخفاجي
Supervisor name: سامي عبد الرضا علي الجميلي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Toxins
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى التحري عن سم الزيرالينون في حبوب الذرة الصفراء (Zea mays) والحنطة(Triticum aestivum) في محافظتي كربلاء وبابل واختبار فاعلية المستحضر الحيوي لبكتريا subtilis Bacillus في حماية حبوب الذرة الصفراء والحنطة من الاصابة بالفطر Fusarium grami | This study aimed to investigate Zearalenone toxin in yellow corn (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the provinces of Kerbala, Babil and test the effectiveness of the vital preparation for bacteria Bacillus subtilis in the protection of maize and wheat grain from getting the fungus Fusarium graminearum under normal storage conditions. Moreover been conducting a study on the possibility of employing the vaccine bacteria B. subtilis after her killing in thermally protect vital systems for female white rat poison from the effects Zearalenone toxic.Isolation and diagnosis results showed the presence of many different races and fungal species and was the most presence in maize and wheat grain genus Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. Emergence rates reached 58% and 33.3% respectively in maize grain and by 66.6% and 25% respectively in the grain of wheat. The test demonstrated the ability isolates fungus Fusarium spp. results To produce Zearalenone toxin using technology (TLC) Thin Layer Chromatography having 10 isolates that produce the poison out of 12 isolation or by 83.3%. On the other hand diagnosed fungal species F. graminearum and F. moniliform and F. culmorum as productive poison Zearalenone while isolation F.napiform were not able to produce the toxin. The results of the investigation of contamination of samples of yellow corn and wheat Zearalenone using technology TLC presence of contamination and the two rates stood at 41.6% in maize and 25% in wheat grain cereals The results of the study of the effect of pH and sodium chloride in the growth of fungus F. graminearum that this fungus can grow a wide range of pH and ranges from 12 - 6 as well as afford salt levels ranging between 1 - 4 PPT Per 100 ml. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the vital preparation for the bacteria B. subtilis in the protection of maize and wheat grain from injury F. graminearum under normal storage conditions for a period of three months, not the effectiveness of these bacteria to protect maize and wheat grain in the normal storage conditions are limited but had a distinct role in the protection of critical systems to female white rat when treated those animals vaccinated with bacteria murdered thermally followed congection Zearalenone toxin as any symptoms in some biochemical and physiological blood parameter studied as well as the safety of the investigated organs such as the liver, kidney, Small intestine, ovary and uterus of any medical condition did not appear at a time appeared in which variations in satisfying those criteria have studied female albino rat treatment Zearalenone toxin only.

استجابة نبات السلق (Beta vulgaris var. cilca L.) للشد الملحي وحامضي البرولين والجبرلين == Response of Chard Plant (Beta Vulgaris Var. Cilca L.) To Salt Stress, Proline And Gibberellic Acids

Author name: حيدر عبد الامير مظهور
Supervisor name: انتصار حسين مهدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت التجربة في الموسم الشتوي للعام (2012 - 2013) م في احد الحقول التابعة لناحية الحر في محافظة كربلاء, لمعرفة استجابة نبات السلق للشد الملحي والرش بحامضي البرولين والجبرلين والتداخل بينهما في بعض الصفات الكمية والنوعية لبعض الاجزاء الخضرية والتكاثرية (ا | An experiment was conducted in the winter season of the year (2012 - 2013) in a private Al - Hur district in Karbala governorate, to find out chard plant response to salt stress, proline and gibberellic acids and their interaction on some quantity and quality characteristics to some parts of vegetative and reproductive (leaves, flowers and seeds) to chard plant (Beta vulgaris var. cilca L.).The design of the experiment was randomized complete blocks (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement with three replicate. The first factor was four levels of saline water (0(River water), 2, 4 and 6) ds. m - 1 and the second factor was seven concentration of proline acid (PA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) (0(River water), 50PA, 100PA, 150PA, 50GA3, 100GA3 and 150GA3) mg. L - 1. Means were compared by using averages revised least significant difference (RLSD) at 0.05 probability level when the treatments referred to significant effect. The results showed : 1 - The negative effect of salinity levels on the qualities of the vegetative plant chard before flowering stage with the except of the dry weight of the root system, which had increased significantly with the level of salinity 2 ds. m - 1.2 - The negative impact of salinity levels in vegetative qualities of chard plant after flowering except root length, leaves chlorophyll content (a, b and total), nitrogen%, protein% and proline which increased with the level of salinity 2 ds. m - 1. as well as the potassium% in leaves with a salinity level 4 ds. m - 1 and dry weight of shoots with all levels of salinity and especially 6 ds. m - 1.3 - Gibberellic acid was dominant on proline acid in terms of chard plant by 150 mg. L - 1 concentration before flowering and 50 mg. L - 1. concentration after flowering while proline acid was dominant on gibberellic acid in dry weight before flowering and root dry weight of shoots after flowering, by 50 mg. L - 1 and potassium% in leaves and the protein% with 100 mg. L - 1 concentration.4 - The interaction between the salinity levels and acids concentrations add showed a significant difference in most of the traits of the plant, especially in combinations consisting of level 2 ds. m - 1 or comparison of saline with gibberellic acid by 150 mg. L - 1 before flowering and 50 or 100 mg. L - 1 after flowering while gave a combination of salinity level 4 ds. m - 1 with concentration of proline acid 100 mg. L - 1 higher of potassium% in leaves

دراسة بيئة وتنوع الهائمات الحيوانية في نهر الغراف واسط - العراق == Ecology And Diversity Study of Zooplankton In Al - Gharraf River Wasit - Iraq

Author name: رشا موحان سلمان
Supervisor name: جميل سعد السراي | مهند رمزي نشات
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: جريت دراسة بيئية للهائمات الحيوانية في نهر الغراف, وموقعه في الجزء الجنوبي الشرقي من العراق, تحيط به مساحات شاسعة وخصبة من الاراضي الزراعية. هدفت الدراسة الى التنوع الاحيائي للهائمات الحيوانية, من خلال قيم بعض ادلة التنوع الاحيائي, وكذلك دراسة تاثيربعض ال | An ecological study of zooplankton was carried out on the Al - Gharraf River, that located in the south eastern sector of Iraq and surrounded by vast and agricultural land to the aim of this study are biodiversity of zooplankton by through some of biodiversity index values of some physical and chemical characteristics of water on the biodiversity and abundance of Al - Gharraf zooplankton. The samples of the study have been collected monthly for the period from August 2014 untill July 2015 at three selected stations in the river; Station one is located at 500 m of the AL - KUT Dam. The second is situated at a distance of 15 Km away from the station one at (Kut - Muwafaqiya) and the latter station is located at 18 Km apart from the second one upon entering the river to Muwafaqiya The study was achieved by measurement of some physical and chemical properties of water were analyzed the parameters studied included Air temperature (11 to 38.6) ?C, water temperature (12.1 to 29.1) ?C, pH (7.2 to 7.9), EC (490 to 1860) µS/cm, Salinity (0.31 to 1.19) ‰, DO (5 to 9.1) mg/L, BOD5 (0.2 to 7.1) mg/L, Turbidity (4.69 to 74) NTU, TDS (0.26 to 0.99) g/L, TSS (0.005 to 5.9) mg/L, TH (388 to 520) mg/L, Ca+2 (100.2 to 180.36) mg/L, Mg+2 (3.69 to 52.07) mg/L and NO3 - 2 (0.034 to 3.58) mg/L and PO4 - 2 (0.011 to 1. 25) mg/L., Bicarbonate (130 to 185) mg/L, Sulfate (80 to 180) mg/L, the percentage of oxygen saturation (48.59 to 93.82) %, Water flow (14.28 to 76.92)cm\sec. and total Alkalinity(119 to 274)mg/L.The study also included biological aspects using density, Rrelative abundance index (Ra), Constancy index (S), Species richness index (D), Shanon - Weiner index (H), Species uniformity index (E) and Jaccard presence - community were also employed to determine the values of species composition, density and zooplankton biodiversity in the study area. In the current study about 113 Taxonomic units of zooplankton were identified, the rotifer was dominate group including 64 taxa to rotifera, 34 taxa belonging to cladocera and 15 taxa to copepod.The Zooplankton showed high density in river 8332.62 Ind. /m3 during April 2015 while lower465.32Ind. /m3 in Sebtember 2014 also the rotifer recorder density from198.66 to 7865.98 Ind/m3, cladocera density from 0 to 233.32 Ind/m3and copepod density from 66.33 to 2932.65 Ind/m3.The results of the relative abundance index showed that the species rotifera : neplunia Rotaria. Keratella valga Brachionus angularis, Keratella cochlearis dolicopter While as from Cladocera, Alona rectangular, Polyarthra Alonella excise, , Moina affinis, , Bosmina longirostris Ceriodaphnia rigaudi Chydorus piger, Scapholebrus kigni. Simocephalus sevrulatu and the copepods : Immature Harpacticoida, Paracyclo fimbriatus, Nitocra sp., Nitocra spinipe, , Harpaticoida sp. and Nauplii were more abundant in Al - Gharraf river. also the results of Constancy index showed Six taxa belonged to zooplankton, which were considered "Constant" at stations However the other taxonomy units varied from "accessory" and "accidental" taxonomy units in study stations. The values of the Species richness index of rotifer varied from 0 to 5.42 and cladocera varied from 0 to1.41 and copepod from 0 to 2.70 The highest percentage of similarity 48.148% for Zooplankton were reported between stations 1 and 2. The lowest similarity reaching 35.412% recorded between stations 2 and 3. The Shanon - Weiner index of total Zooplankton varied from0.4to 2.5 bit/ind while the Shanon index of Rotifera from1.05 to 2.61 bit/Ind., Cladocera varied from 0.4to 1.38 bit/Ind. and Copeoda varied from 0.11 to 1.76 bit/Ind., The uniformity index of total Zooplankton varied from0.17 to 1.01and Rotifer varied from 0.4 to 0.9, Cladocera from 0.4 to 1 and Copeoda from 0.08 to 0.99 These high values indicate that there is no ecological stress on zooplankton in the study area

دراسة تاثير الملوثات المنبعثة من المركبات على الاشخاص في شوارع مدينة تكريت == Study The Effect of Pollutants Emitted From Vehicales Upon Blood of Workers In Tikrit City Streets

Author name: رغد مقداد محمود الحمداني
Supervisor name: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي | صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: استهدفت الدراسة الحالية التي جرت في شوارع مدينة تكريت قياس تراكيز بعض الغازات المهمة التي تطرحها المركبات الى البيئة وهي احادي اوكسيد الكاربون, ثنائي اوكسيد الكاربون, ثنائي اوكسيد الكبريت (CO, CO2, SO2) وكذلك دراسة نوعية مياه الامطار المتساقطة على منطقة ا | The current study which takes place in the main streets of the city of Tikrit, aims at measuring the concentrations of some essential gases which are emitted by the vehicles of the environment. These gases include Monoxide Carbon, Dioxide Carbon and Sulfur Dioxide (CO, CO2, SO2). This study also aims at investigating the quality of rainwaters which are falling on the area of the study, and conducting some biological tests for them. Moreover, this study aims to identify the effect of vehicles productions upon blood physiology and the construction of some persons who are dealing with them. The samples have been collected during September 2010 till May 2011, and then classified in terms of age and duration of exposure. Alsuqoor Village represents the control group. A sample has been collected from healthy, non - smoker males. The concentrations of some polluted gases emitted from exhausted vehicles are identified. They are significantly high in comparison with the control group and during the whole chapters of the study. The highest level of pollution value is recorded by the gases (CO, CO2, SO2) and at (p< 0.05) level in Albasha Street during the Autumn, whereas the lowest value is recorded in Alzuhoor Street, during the Winter ( ). In addition, some of rainwater characteristics have been measured such as, (Ph, electrical m and the amount of plankton in water). The obtained results show that there is a significant decrease in PH concentration and a significant increase in EC concentration. Moreover, results indicate that the highest concentration of the clot material is in Alarbaeen Street ( ) whereas, the lowest concentration is in Alzuhoor Street ( ). The level of some rare elements has been measured in the blood serum of those who are exposed to (lead, cadmium) and in different periods of times. A significant increase is recorded in the levels of those elements, in comparison with the control group (ps 0.05). As for effect of blood components of those who are exposed to pollutants, the concentrations of both (Hb, Pcv) have been decreased with an increase in the concentrations of (the number of red and white cells and ESR) in comparison with the control group at level (P<0.05). It is also noticed that there is a significant increase in the number of the neutral and acidic white blood cells with a significant decrease in the number of the moral white blood cells at the lymph cell, in comparison with the control group. Results also show that there is a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of each (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Lipoproteins with low density LDL) with decreased concentrations of (High Density Lipoproteins HDL) whereas, there are no significant difference in the concentrations of (Low density Lipoproteins Very high density VLDL). Concerning the concentrations of (Urea, Uric acid, Kreatenin) there is a significant increase (P<0.05) in comparison with the control group and for all the groups of the study. The pollutants have an effect upon the average number of enzyme in the blood serum. There is a significant increase in the average of the enzymes that carry amino (ALT, AST) an enzyme phosphate in comparison with the control group. The study has also shown a significant increase in the Monoaldehyde level MDA and decrease in the glutathione level, under the effect of various pollutants. It is noticed that the blood components as well as the biochemical variable are greatly affected as the period of exposure extended and these biochemical variables become very great. Therefore, most of the differences are existed in the third group whose ages range between (40 and 49) with 9 years of work, followed by the second group whose ages range between (30 and 39) with 7 years of work. Then comes the first group whose ages range between (20 and 29) with 5 years of work, in comparison with the control group

دراسة وبائية لبعض مسببات الاسهال من الاوالي الطفيلية في المرضى المراجعين لمستشفى صلاح الدين العام في تكريت مع دراسة تجريبية لتاثير المستخلص الكحولي لنبات Lantana camara عليها في الفئران المختبرية == Epidemiological Study For Some Diarrhea Causes From Parasitism Protozoa For The Patients That Attended General Salahalddin Hospital In Tikrit With Experimental Study For The Effect of Alcoholic Extract From Lantana Camara Plant On It In Experimental Mice

Author name: رواء محمود هاشم
Supervisor name: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للمدة من 2010 /11/1 الى 2011/11/1.وتضمنت فحص 1002 عينة من غائط مصابين بالاسهال تراوحت اعمارهم ما بعد الولادة الى اثنتي عشرة سنة من العمر راجعوا مستشفى صلاح الدين العام في تكريت. اشتملت الدراسة على جزءين تمثل الجزء الاول بدراسة وبائية، ت | This study made on the period between (1/11/2010) to (1/11/2011) that included testing (1002) diarrhea patients excrement samples, their ages were between after birth to twelve years that had attended General Salahalddin Hospital.The study included two parts. First epidemiology study, collecting samples and making the laboratory tests that accomplish with 2 methods, the direct method and deposition method to detect the percentage of infected by some parasitism protozoa that cause the diarrhea according to a lot of standards that included, age, sex, class, nature of suckle, number of family members, the source of water, mother education, sequence of the child in his family and the season of infection, the laboratory test assured that from the total (582) , (58.08 %) are infected with parasitism diarrhea compare with other diarrhea cases that was (420) , (41.91%) and reached to the following : - The infection with E.histolytica diarrhea was (492), (%84.5) and infected with G.lamblia diarrhea was (90) , (15.46%). Number of infected males with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism as follows(8.24%)(46.39%) and infected females with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism as follows (7.21%) (46.39%).The highest infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism was the ages between (4 - 6)years and the percentage was as follows (4.81%, 29.89%). The highest infection with amebic tissue and G.lamblia parasitism that came from country were (9.10%, 60.82%) also noticed that the raise of infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among children that their mothers had low education less than intermediate (illiteracy and intermediate) as follows (29.8%, 36.5%) for the children were infected with G.lamblia parasitism. And for children that infected with E.histolytica parasitism among children that their mothers had low education less than intermediate (illiteracy and intermediate) as follows (4.29%, 36.5%). The percentage for infants for the first 2 years had been infected with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism for the first 2 years that they depend on industrial suckle as follows (7.73 %), (41.2%). The percentage for infants above 2 years had been infected with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism for the first 2 years that they depend on industrial suckle as follows (9.10%) , (48.96%) also noticed the raise of infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that was the river is the water source, the percentage were as follows (8.59 %), (51.54%). And the infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that was the pipes system is water source the percentage were as follows (6.87%), (23.98%). the infection were very high with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that lives within crowded families, the percentage was (12.54%), (55.67%). and the infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism according to the seasons was dissimilar, and the highest recorded infection with E.histolytica parasitism in winter as follows (35%) and the lowest infection was (11.3%) in summer. Meanwhile the highest infection with G.lamblia parasitism (8.41%) in summer and (1.20%) in autumn.The second part studied the effect of alcoholic extraction from lantana camara plant on growth of E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism on mice. The effect was obvious for the alcoholic extraction for the mentioned plant for all extraction on the E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism in general, but the most effectiveness extraction to destroy the E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism was 1000 mlm/kgm from the alcoholic extraction for the plant lantana camara

التاثير الوقائي لعصير الليمون والمستخلص المائي للمعدنوس في منع التحصي التجريبي المستحدث باستعمال الاثيلين كلايكول وتقليل السمية الكلوية المستحدثة بالمضادين الحيويين جينتامايسين وفلوكساسين في الجرذان == The Protective Effect of Lemone Juice And Parsley Aqueous Extract In Prevent Experimental Urolithisis Induced By Ethylene Glycol And Decrease Renaltoxity Induced By Gentamicine And Floxacin Antibiotics In Rats

Author name: صبا خير الدين ابراهيم الطائي
Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | فدوى خالد توفيق
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة بعض التاثيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية والتاثيرات النسيجية للمستخلص المائي لنبات المعدنوس Petroselinum Sativum وعصير الليمون Citrus Linnaeu في كبح تكون حصى الكلى Renal calculi المستحدث بمادة الاثيلين كلايكول Ethylene glycol وال | The study aimed to searching the Physiological, Biochemical and Histological effects of the aqueous extract parsely of petroselinum sativum and lemon juice of citrus linnaeu in inhibition renal calculi formation which induced by Ethylene glycol and decreasing the nephrotoxity casead by the use of Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The study included number of Physiological and Biochemical parameters : total white blood cells count (WBCS), Hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL - C), Low density lipoprotein (LDL - C), Phospholipids, Atherogenic indices levels, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Blood Urea, Serum Creatinine, Glutathione (GSH), Maloddialdehyd (MDA), Aspartate amino transferase (AST) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT) concentration, beside the measurement of calcium ions, potassium ions, and magnisum ions concentrations in male and female rat serum which had been induced Oxidatiotion stress by use (0.05) hydrogen peroxide daily for (30)days.Also anather group of rats mouthy feeded with(100 mg/kg of body whight)Ciprofloxacin and the last group of rats feeded with (80 mg/kg of body wight)Gentamicin by muscular injection daily for (14)days. the active dose of petroselinum sativum (parsley) aqueous extract and Citrus linnaeu(lemon juice)had been demonstrated as (250 mg/kg of body whight)and(1.5ml/kg of body whight) successively.the rats distributed randomly (male and female)to (13) groups included (five rats for every group) : control group, Ethylene glycol (Eg)group, (Eg)+parsely aqueous extract group, (Eg)+lemon juice group, Hydrgen peroxide(H202)group, (H202)+ parsely aqueous extract group, (H202)+ lemon juice group, Ciprofloxacin+ parsely aqueous extract group, Ciprofloxacin+ lemon juice group, Gentamicin+ parsely aqueous extract group, Gentamicin+ lemon juice group.The results showed1 - the Treatment rats with Ethylene glycol caused high significant increase (P? 0.01)in concentrations of, TC, TG, Phospholipids, 2nd and 3rd of atherogenic indices, blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, VLDL - C, AST, WBCs and MDA, while significant (P? 0.01) decrease had been happen in the concentration of albumin, globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, ALT, Hb, Ca, Ma.2 - the Treatment rats with Ethylen glycol and lemon juice and parsley produced high significant increase(P? 0.01) in concentrations of albumin, globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, ALT, Hb, Ca, Ma. while significant (P? 0.01) in concentrations of, TC, TG, Phospholipids, 2nd and 3rd of atherogenic indices, blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, LDL - C, AST, Hb, K and MDA compared whith the E G onlay.3 - Induced oxidative stress by H202 caused high significant (P? 0.01) in the concentrations of TC, Phospholipids, 2nd and 3rd of atherogenic indiced blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, k+, AST, LDL - C, MDA and Hb while significant (P? 0.01) decrease had been happened in the concentrations of albumin, globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, ALT and 1st atherogenic indices.4 - the Treatment rats with (H202)whith lemon juice and parsely for rats produced high significant (P? 0.01) increase in concentrations of albumin, globulin, K+ total protein, HDL - C, GSH, AST. while Increase significant (P? 0.01) in concentrations ofTC, Phospholipids, 3rd of atherogenic indices, blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, LDL - C, AST, Hb, K and MDA compared whith the(H202) Only.5 - The results of Treatment the animals with Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin produced high significant (P? 0.01) in the concentrations of TC, TG, Phospholipids, Ist atherogenic indices blood urea, glubulin while the Treatment with Ciprofloxacin caused significant increase (P? 0.01) in concentrations of serum creatinine, VLDL - C, AST, WBCs, MDA, ALT, K+ and Hb.on the another significant decrease had been oecured in the concentrations of ALP, albumin, globulin while decrease of concentrations occurred when the animal had been treated with Gentamicin : total protein, HDL - C, GSH, Hb, Mg+and Ca++.6 - The Treatment by Gentamicin+ Ciprofloxacin+ lemon juice+ parsley to the rats when compares whith rats treated only antibiotics caused high significant (P? 0.01)increase in concentrations of albumin, , globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, K+, Hb and ALP. while high significant decrease happened in the concentrations of total protein, MDA, Ist and3rd atherogenic indices, blood urea, TG, serum creatinine, ALT, MDA, and VLDL - C.7 - The Treatment with Ethylene glycol caused many histological changes like preipration of calcium oxalate in kidney tubules, necrosis, recrudesce of glomerales and caused degredation to the central vein, bleeding in kidney while the two types of antibiotics Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin caused the same effects as ahave.8 - The action of lemon juice and parsely showed aprotection role against calcium oxalate precipitation and prevented the renal calculi formation or it aggregation in the kidney of the rats treated with Ethylene glycol.the action of that extract and juice were the decrease of oxidative stress damage induced by(H202)in the kidney tissue.

تاثير الجهد التاكسدي على بعض المعايير الدموية وفيتامينات C, D3, E لدى مرضى كثرة الحمر == Effect of Oxidative Stress On Some Hematological Parameters And Vitamin C, D3, And E In Patients With Polycythemia

Author name: احمد ظاهر محمود الدليمي
Supervisor name: حميد محمود مجيد | نجاة عبد الرزاق حسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: يتوارد الى مصرف الدم ضمن دائرة صحة ديالى العديد من الاشخاص الذكور, يوميا للتخلص من زيادة الدم (كثرة الحمر) , وللتعرف على بعض جوانب هذه الحالات المرضية : تم جمع 90 عينة دم من هؤلاء المرضى (54 مدخن, 36 غير مدخن) قورنت مع 40 عينة دم لاشخاص اصحاء, تراوحت اعم | Many male persons come every day to the blood bank labeled within Diyala Health Directorate to get rid of blood ratio increase(polycythemia). To shed light on this phenomenon, 90 blood samples are collected from these patients (54 smokers, 36 nonsmokers) and they are compared with 40 blood samples of healthy persons within the age range of (18 - 79 years) in the period ranging from Decembar.1st. 2012 to March.1st. 2013. A Hematocrit (HCT) criterion of 52% is used in the study as a sickness criterion.The present study was conducted to : 1. Measure the red and white blood cells and platelet counts (complete blood picture).2. Measure antioxidant the concentration vitamins C, E in addition to vitamin D3 and Glutathione (GSH).3. Measure the levels of the Malondialdehyde (MDA). Results of the statistical analysis show a significant increase(p<0.001) in Red blood cells, Hematocrit, a significant increase in the White blood cells (p<0.05), a significant increase(p<0.001) in the (Neutrophils, Monocytes and Esophils) while the mean of Lymphocytes and Basophils counts show a significant decrease (p<0.001) compared to the control group. Blood platelet did not show significant variations between the control and sick patient groups. Upon splitting the patients group to smokers and nonsmokers, results of the statistical analysis reflect a significant increase of (p<0.05) in the Hemoglobin of nonsmokers with polycythemia compared to the control group and to smokers. The platelets count did not mirror any significant variations between the patients and control groups despite the increase in platelet numbers in persons with polycythemia group that are nonsmokers and a decrease in smokers patients. Results of the statistical analysis also show a significant increase of MDA levels in patients with polycythemia (p<0.001) compared to the control group especially in the nonsmokers which signals an increase in lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species. Results of the statistical analysis show a significant decrease of (p<0.001) in the levels of vitamin C in the patients with polycythemia, the smokers as well as the nonsmokers polycythemia sub groups compared to the control group which refers to the notion that the vitamin E free radical attacks vitamin C to remake vitamin E. in this case vitamin C is consumed and vitamin E will be remodeled. There is a significant decrease (p<0.001) in the mean vitamin D3 in patients with polycythemia compared to the control group. Vitamin D3 has an impact on Red and White blood cells inside of the bone marrow, this matter sheds light on the probability of this impact of vitamin D3 on the pathogenesis of polycythemia. The results of statistical analysis did not show significant differences in the means of vitamin E and GSH levels. The present study revealed a positive relationship between vitamin D3 levels and Red Blood Cells counts, In addition there was a negative correlation of vitamin D3 with Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) in total polycythemia group and polycythemia smokers sub groups.

دراسة نسجية فسلجية لتاثيرات خلات اليورانيل والمستخلص المائي لنبات ورد لسان الثور في فعالية الغدة الدرقية في ذكور الارانب البيض == Histological And Physiological Study On The Effects of Uranyl Acetate And Aqueous Extract of Borogo Officinalis On The Activity of Thyroid Gland In Albino Rabbits

Author name: علا صالح علي الجميلي
Supervisor name: كوكب سليم نجم القيسي | منيف صعب احمد ساجت الجنابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة، للتعرف على تاثير خلات اليورانيل والمستخلص المائي لورد لسان الثور Borago officinalis (Borage) معا وكلا على انفراد في ما ياتي : - 1 التركيب النسجي للغدة الدرقية. - 2 مستوى هرمون T3و T4وTSH. - 3 معايير الدم (التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم ال | The aim of this study was to determined the effects of uranyl acetate and aqueous extract of Borago officinalis(Borage) alone or when they are given toghther the following : 1 - The histological structures of the thyroid gland.2 - Serum concentration T4, T3, TSH Hormones.3 - The blood parameters (WBC, PCV, Hb, Platelet and ESR). A total 30 mature males(Albino Rabbit) were used in this study, and their weights were recorded before and after the experiment. Animals were divided into five groups and administrated by using oro - gastric tube and included these following groups : 1 - (G1) which was given drinking water and considered as control group. 2 - (G2) group treated with uranyl acetate which was given orally only (50mg/kg body weight) for one month.3 - Group G3 which was treated with uranyl acetate with the same concentration used in (G2), then just after one hour they were post - administrated of with aqueous extract of Borage (adose of 5 ml concentration 10%).4 - (G4) group of animals treated with aqueous extract of Borage and adose of 5 ml concentration 10%.5 - (G5)which was pre - treated with uranyl acetate with concentration similar to the dose in (G2) for after one month, then post - administrated of with aqueous extract of Borage at a dose 5 ml concentration of 10%.At the end of the experiments (one month) blood sample was drawn by heart puncture and then ansethized by using ether, animal were killed and thyroid gland prepare for histological study. The following results were recorded : 1 - A significant decrement (p<0.05) in the mean of animals weight (G2, G3, G5) while there are no significant differences in the (G4)as compared with G1.2 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of (Hb, PCV) of group G2 where as group G3 showed no significant difference.While group G4 and G5 showed decreased as compared with G1.3 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of WBC in (G2, G3 and G5) while G4 showed no significant difference as compared G1.4 - A significant increment (p<0, 05) in the (G2, G4 and G5) while G3 there are no significant difference as compared G1.5 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of platelet in (G2, G3and G4) while there are no significant differences as compared with G1.6 - A significant increment (p<0.05)T4 hormone level, in the (G2, G4) while G5 showed a significant decreased where as G3 showed no significant difference as compared with G1.7 - A significant decrement (p<0.05) in the T3 hormone level in the (G2, G4 and G5) while there are no significant differences in the G3 in comparison with G1.8 - A significant decrement (p<0.05)in TSH hormone level in the G2 while no significant changes in the (G3, G4) and a significant increment in the G5 in comparison with G1. Histological results of thyroid gland 1 - A degenerative changes were observed in the epithelial tissues of thyroid gland in the (G2) due to direct effect of uranyl acetate and loss of cell style aggregation in addition to infiltration with inflammatory cells, with loss of depletion of colloid from thyroid follicles.2 - G3 showed normal thyroid cells and thyroid follicles filled with colloid fluid as compared with control group.3 - The result of histology examination of thyroid of group have shown presence of some follicles that contain colloid while ether lack theis colloid.4 - Characterized thyroid follicles cells (G5) lining simple cuboidal tissue but it contains more than one row of cells, suggesting a hyperplasia, but these effects are less negative compared with (G2).From this study we can concluded that uranyl acetate have negative effect on thyroid cells and the chemical substance of aqueous extract of Borago offcinalis inhibit the negative impact of uranyl acetate on thyroid cells in awide aspects of this study, and the aqueous extract of Borago offcinalis have high effect in regulation of thyroid function

دراسة بعض المؤشرات الوراثية الخلوية لتاثير مادة الكلوروفورم على الفار الابيض Mus musculus L == A Study On Some Cytogenetic Indices For The Effect of Chloroform On The White Mouse Mus Musculus L

Author name: عمر رحيم خلف
Supervisor name: عادل فوزي شهاب
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: zoology - Genetics
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: يستخدم الكلوروفورم على نطاق واسع في العديد من الصناعات مثل صناعة الورق والمطاط ومطافئ الحريق ومستحضرات التجميل ومواد التخدير. كما يستخدم كمذيب عضوي للعديد من المواد في المختبرات التعليمية والصناعية. وينتج الكلوروفورم من العمليات الايضية التي تقوم بها بعض | Chloroform is widely used in many industries, such as paper, elastic, fire extinguisher, cosmetics and anesthetic materials industries. It also used as an organic dissolvent for many materials in industrial and education laboratories. Chloroform is produced by The metabolism process of living organisms such as macroalgae and some fungus of highly organic matter soil. It can also be produced by process of water cholornation. Because of chloroform is widely used, and few studies achieved on cytogenetic level. Therefore The present study was conducted to identify The effects of chloroform on cytogenetic characteritis in laboratory mice.This study includes : 1 - A Study on Some Cytogenetic Indices For The Effect of Chloroform on The White Mouse.2 - Sperm abnormalities of male mice.The results of The present study showed that The chloroform has the ability to motivate chromosomal aberrations which were represented by (ring chromosom, chromatid break, and centromore break) in somatic cells in both males and females mice and in germ cells in males, The results revealed significant differences in The chromatid break and ring chromosome of both male and females mice, which injected with two concentrations (0, 025 & 0, 05 mg/kg) when compared with control group. It was found That there were asignificant differences in centromore break of females, injected with two concentrations of chloroform in comparison with control group, while non significant were differences observed in The males.Also the present study showed there were significant differences in The chromosomal aberration in The germ cells of males mice, injected with two concentrations (0, 025 & 0, 05 mg/kg) when compared with controlled group.The concentration (0, 05 mg/kg) was more influent in comparison, with The concentration (0, 025mg/kg). It was found that 30 days of injection is more influent in comparison with 15 day of injection, and males are more influenced than females.The present study recorded a significant differences in creating micronuclei in both male and female mice, injected by chloroform with a concentrations (0, 025 & 0, 05 mg/kg)in compared with control group.The result also revealed that The chloroform cause a significant decrease in The mitotic index of The somatic cells in both males and females, morever significant decrease in The mitotic germ cells of The injected males mice was found.An increase in The Blast index factor in The somatic cell in both male and female mice, injected by chloroform when compared with control group was similar result was recoded rgarding The Blast Index factor of The males germ cells. Regarding The sperm abnormality, the result showed significant differences in The sperm abnormality of males injected by chloroform with two concentrations (0, 025 & 0, 05 mg/kg) in comparison with The control group. The concentration (0, 05 mg/kg) was more influent than The concentration (0, 025mg/kg). Besides and the period 30 days of injection was more influent than the period 15 days.

دراسة بايوكيميائية لمكونات الاكياس العدرية المستاصلة من الاغنام والابقار في محافظة ديالى == Biochemical Study of Hydatid Cysts Component Isolated From Sheep And Cows In Diyala Province

Author name: غزوان مهدي جعفر الربيعي
Supervisor name: نغم ياسين كاظم البياتي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في محافظة ديالى للفترة من بداية شهر ايلول لغاية نهاية شهر تشرين الثاني لعام 2014. تم جمع 40 كيسا عدريا من الاغنام والابقار (34 عينة من الاغنام و6 عينات من الابقار). تم اجراء التحليل الكمي لبعض العناصر والمركبات الكيميائية فضلا عن الا | The current study was carried out in Diyala province during the period from September to December 2014. Fourty hydatid cysts were collected from sheep and cows (thirty four cyst from sheep and six cysts from cows). Quantitative analysis was done for some elements and chemical composition of hydatid cyst fluids, laminated layer of cysts and the tissues surrounding cysts isolated from lungs and livers of cows and sheep, in addition to the adipose tissues of sheep. The results revealed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in Na, Ca, K, Mg and Fe elements in the fluids of hydatid cysts isolated from livers and lungs and adipose tissues of sheep and cows, while in sheep, Na showed (p>0.05) the highest concentration (4.83±0.19 mg/dl) in lung tissues comparison with the adipose tissues and livers (4.73±0.10 and 4.57±0.17 mg/dl respectively). The highest concentration of Fe (p?0.001) was in liver tissue (3.80±1.28 mg/dl). In addition, the highest concentration of K (p?0.001) was in walls layers of hydatid cysts isolated from liver (3.61±0.36 mg/dl) comparison with lung and adipose tissue (3.60±0.39 and 2.64±0.21 mg/dl, respectively). In cows, the highest concentration of Na (p?0.05) was recorded in lung tissue (3.85±0.84 mg/dl) comparison with liver, while the highest concentration of K (p?0.05) was in liver tissue (5.40±0.27 mg/dl) in comparison with lung tissue (4.76±0.20 mg/dl). The highest concentrations of creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides were recorded (p?0.001) in hydatid fluids of cysts isolated from liver (47.24±2.25, 8.29±0.83 and 0.34±0.01 mmol/l, respectively) in comparison with the fluids of hydatid cysts isolated from lungs (17.80±1.79, 0.43±0.36, 0.12±0.00 mmol/l, respectively). In addition, the highest concentrations of urea, total protein and glucose were recorded (p?0.001) in fluids of hydatid cysts isolated from sheep lungs (2.15±0.03, 0.68±0.02, 31.41±0.72 mmol/l, respectively). In cows, the highest concentrations of creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides were found in fluids of hydatid cysts isolated from lungs (13.24±2.02, 0.12±0.00, 0.12±0.00 mmol/l, respectively) in comparison with those isolated from liver. In addition, the concentration of glucose in the fluids of hydatid cyst isolated from cow lungs was higher than in those isolated from the liver (0.62±0.00, 0.45±0.00 mmol/l, respectively). The current results revealed that the fluids of hydatid cysts isolated from liver showed (p?0.001) the highest concentrations of amino acids {proline (98, 82±3.07), tyrosine (171.15±4.9) and lysine (25.39±9.29) mg/dl), and (p?0.05) for methionine (91.92±1.11), cysteine (68.97±1.61), phenylalanine (21.53±10.80) in comparison with fluids of hydatid cysts isolated from lungs and adipose tissues. For adipose tissues, (p?0.001) the highest concentrations of glutamate (58.48±6.61 mg/dl), glutamine (53.53±4.96 mg/dl), serine (57.30±1.04 mg/dl), histidine (41.64±8.71 mg/dl), threonine (52.81±5.14 mg/dl), alanine (109.81±5.39 mg/dl) and leucine (34.81±1.30 mg/dl) in comparison with fluids of hydatid cysts isolated from livers and lungs. The arginine and valine (p?0.05) were the highest in the fluids of hydatid cyst of lungs (24.39±4.27, 100.72±10.82 mg/dl, respectively) in comparison with those isolated from the livers and adipose tissues. As for the concentration of amino acids in the surrounding tissue of hydatid cysts, the hepatic tissue recorded (p?0.001) the highest concentration of acids aspartic (105.52±5.14, glutamic (35.43±9.46 mg/dl) glutamine (114.72±5.02 mg/dl) Glycine (219.58±8.59 mg/dl) serine (32.97±1.10 mg/dl) arginine (47.90±1.04 mg/dl) threonine (56.03±3.94 mg/dl) alnin (17.74±4.74 mg/dl) proline (141.89±5.84 mg/dl) valine (202.81±8.45 mg/dl) methionine (225.99±5.72 mg/dl) sistine (109.39±3.61 mg/dl) Isoleucine (28.13±3.23 mg/dl) phenylalanine (77.92±2.93 mg/dl) respectively, compared with the tissue of the lung and adipose tissue. While recorded (p?0.001) the lung tissue highest concentration of acid histidine (40.94±2.65 mg/dl) and lysine (52.88± 2.16 mg/dl) mg/dl, respectively, compared with the liver tissue and adipose tissue. As for leucine (114.46±3.27 mg/dl) recorded (p?0.001) in adipose tissue highest concentration him compared with liver and lung tissues. As for the concentration of amino acids in the cyst wall of the of hydatid cysts, the cyst wall recorded (p?0.001) isolated from hepatic tissue highest concentration of acids (aspartic (261.38±8.80 mg/dl) glutamine (270.75±1.75 mg/dl) histidine (106.04±5.43 mg/dl) glycine (129.18±5.08 mg/dl) arginine (39.77±2.51) threonine (30.43± 4.63 mg/dl) alnin (30.54±3.25 mg / dl) methionine (182.50 ±1.50 mg /dl) proline (36.29±9.54 mg/dl) sistine (199.49±6.33 mg/dl) valine (154.63±6.98 mg/dl) Isoleucine (66.10±7.71 mg/dl) leucine (104.22 ± 3.94 mg/dl) phenylalanine (137.62±1.32 mg / dl) respectively, compared with cyst wall isolated from lung tissue and adipose tissue. As for the Lysine (33.62±2.5 mg/dl) recorded (p?0.001) highest concentration in the cyst wall isolated from lung tissue compared with cyst wall isolated from the liver and adipose tissue. As for the tyrosine (254.21±3.84) and glutamic (57.49±1.75) recorded (p?0.001) the highest concentration of them in the cyst wall isolated from adipose tissue compared with cyst wall isolated from lung tissue and the liver. For the concentration of amino acids in the fluids of hydatid cysts isolated from cow liver and lungs, the results showed (p?0.05) that the highest concentrations of alanine (85.88±1.42), tyrosine (21.41±0.39) and methionine (170.47±1.19) were recorded in fluids of lung cysts in comparison with the fluids of liver hydatid cysts. In contrast, there were no significant differences (p?0.05) in the concentrations of (aspartic, glutamic, glutamine, glycine, serine, histidine, arginine, threonine, proline, valine, sistine, leucine, phenylalanine, alnin and lysine between the hydatid fluids isolated from cow liver and lungs. As for the concentration of amino acids in the surrounding tissue of hydatid cysts cows show (p?0.05) that amino acids aspartic (288.47±10.13 mg/dl) and glutamine (270.79±2.97 mg/dl) recorded highest concentration in liver tissue compared with lung tissue. While recorded amino acid (p?0.05) alanine (230.58±1.38 mg/dl) proline (124.87±3.53 mg/dl) tyrosine (257.29±1.76 mg/dl) Isoleucine (296.44±2.06 mg/dl) and leucine (222.44±4.46 mg/dl) the highest concentration in the lung tissue compared with liver tissue. While no significant difference did not recorded in the other amino acids. As for the concentration of amino acids in the cyst wall showed cyst wall isolated from the lung tissue (p?0.05) of the highest concentration of acids valine (135.89±1.01 mg/dl) and leucine (169.65±2.64 mg/dl) compared with cyst wall isolated from hepatic cyst. While no significant difference did not recorded in other amino acids.

دراسة نسجية وكيمياء نسجية للقناة الهضمية في طائر فاختة النخيل Streptopelia senegalensis == Histological And Histochemical Study of The Alimentary Canal In Laughing Dove Streptopelia Senegalensis

Author name: خولة خلف حسون صادق
Supervisor name: مختار خميس محمد سعيد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تمثل الدراسة الحالية دراسة التركيب المظهري والنسجي وكيميائية النسيج للقناة الهضمية للحمام البري فاختة النخيل Streptopelia senegalensis, لثمان عينات من النماذج الحية البالغة من الحمام البري التي تم اصطيادها حية باطوال مختلفة, وبعد تخديرها بمادة الكلورفورم, | The present study represent the Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical structures of the alimentary canal in the laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis, for eight adult specimens of these wild birds were trapped alive in different lengths, The specimens were anaesthetized by chloroform, and then carefully dissected for studying the gross anatomy, the alimentary canal from the proximal esophagus to the cloaca was carefully removed from the body cavity, lengths have been taken for alimentary canal and for each part of it, the alimentary canal divided into small pieces for each part, then fixated with Bouin's solution for general histological studies.Transverse sections of the different studied samples were cut at thickness of 5 - 7microns and the prepared sections were stained with routine stains Haematoxylin and Eosina and special stains for histochemical studies ( (Periodic acid - Schiff (PAS) technique, Alcian blue - PAS method and the Mercury bromophenol blue) ). The present Anatomical study showed the esophagus as long tubular organ, the cervical part of it is longer than the thoracic part and the crop was merely enlargement sac in shape which locate at the entrance of the thorax. The stomach is differentiated into a glandular proventriculus and a muscular ventriculus or gizzard.The small intestine distinguish into duodenum, jejunum and ileum which is the longest part of it, whereas the caeca are very small pair, and the rectum is short tube which end with cloaca, the last part of the alimentary tract. The histological study revealed that the alimentary tract composed of usual four layers; tunica mucosa, tunica sub mucosa, tunica muscular and tunica adventitia or serosa. The mucosal layer of esophagus was arranged in folds which was longer in the cervical part and constituted by nonkertenized stratified squamous epithelium, esophageal glands found just in submucosal tunica of the thoracic part. The crop has the same histological structure as in esophagus but it’s folds are less high than them in esophagus and there is no glands on it. The superior gastric glands of proventriculus were simple tubular glands and the deep gastric glands were compound alveoli glands which involve the submucosa tunica.A thick layer of koilen covers the mucosa of the ventriculus it’s lamina propria had loose connective tissue with simple alveolar glands. The villi of small intestine become shorter toward the rectum, which lining by simple columnar epithelium with striated border, and contain goblet cells which gradually increase in number frequently from the duodenum to the rectum. The histochemical studies revealed that PAS and alcian blue / PAS stains were given positive react in the esophageal glands, mucosa layer of esophagus, crop, stomach, and superior gastric glands and the goblet cells of small intestine and rectum. whereas the alcian blue / PAS were givin weak react in deep gastric glands in the provetriculus and gastric gland of gizzard but goblet cells were givin positive react in small intestine and rectum.Proteins were observed in the mucosa layer of esophagus, glandular stomach, intestine and rectum, when they had taken positive react with Mercuric bromophenol blue stain, but the reaction appeared weak in esophagea glands, intestinal glands and goblet cells.

البروتين التفاعلي - C عالي الحساسية, الانترلوكين6 والفيبرينوجين كدليل على امراض القلب التاجية == Highly - Sensitivity C - Reactive Protein, Interleukin6 And Fibrinogen As Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease

Author name: فرح حقي عزت
Supervisor name: حميد محمود مجيد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: يعد مرض القلب التاجي (CHD) Coronary heart disease من الامراض متعددة الاسباب والتي تثار حولها العديد من التساؤلات، الا ان ارتفاع مستويات بروتينات الطور الحاد مثل البروتين التفاعلي C عالي الحساسية hs - CRP والفيبرينوجين والحركيات الخلوية مثل انترلوكين6 - (I | Coronary heart disease (CHD) considered a multifactorial disease. raising many questions about the early marker of the disease. And these include high sensitivity C - reactive protein (hs - CRP) fibrinogen and cytokines such as interleukin - 6 (IL - 6) considered a predictors of coronary heart event. and to reveal their roles in cardiac events we constructed this study. we prepared a special from for each patient and it include : age, sex, hieght, weight, and measurement of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, high sensitive C - reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin - 6. The study included two groups : The first group included 120 people suffering from coronary heart disease and admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) in Baquba Teaching Hospital aged between 31 - 70 years for the period from the first of November 2014 and first of May until 2015. The second group of 66 healthy people aged between 31 - 70 years for the same period. The study results showed : The existence of high statistical difference with probability of P<0.01 in the body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, high sensitive C - reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin - 6. while showed significant decrease <0.01 in the level of High density lipoprotein and high level of P<0.05 in the diastolic blood pressure in coronary heart disease patients compared to the control group. wich predict an increased mortality in patients

دراسة الانماط المصلية وعوامل الضراوة لبكتريا E.coli المعزولة من حالات خمج المجاري البولية لدى النساء في محافظة ديالى == A Study On Serotypes And Virulence Factors of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Women With Urinary Tract Infections In Diyala Province

Author name: لارة محمود شفيق السوره ميري
Supervisor name: محمد خليفة خضير
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: شملت هذه الدراسة 350 عينة ادرار وسطي ومنها تم الحصول على 100عزلة من بكتريا الاشريشيا القولونية المعزولة من النساء المصابات بالتهابات المجاري البولية في مستشفى خانقين العام, ومستشفى بعقوبةالتعليمي, ومستشفى البتول للولادة والاطفال في محافظة ديالى من الفترة | The study was included 350 samples of Mid - stream urine and which has been obtained 100 isolates of Escherichia coli from women with Urinary Tract Infections in Khanaqin General Hospital and Baaquba Teaching Hospital and Al - Batool Hospital in Diyala Province. All samples were collected from 2013/10/15 to 18/2/2014. All bacterial isolates were identified by the biochemical cultural, serological teast and microbial characteristics and confirmed by VITEKA2, API - 20E system. The serological test was performed by slide agglutination test for the urine isolates and 19 of them 19% gave positive results for the polyvalent antisera O26, O55, O111, O119, O126. The results showed the susceptibility 57 bacterial isolates to produce hemolysin with percentage 57%, and production of bacteriocin Form71%. The production of biofilm by local isolates were detected in three ways, isolates of Escherichia coli has shown its ability to produce biofilm by a manner ELISA, adhesion Surface methods, and a Congo - red methods as apercentage 90%, 83%, 78% respectively. The results showed that 88% from Escherichia coli isolates were able to produce ? - lactamase enzymes by rapid iodometric method, and 4% of isolates have the ability to produce of the Extendended spectrum ? - Lactamase enzyme by using disc Approximation, while 2% of isolates have the ability to produce of Metalo ? - lactamase enzymes by using the Imp - EDTA combination dis casmanaged. The sensitivity of these isolates were tested against (16) antibiotics, the results induct that E.coli had resistance to the antibiotics : Augmentin, Aztreonam, Ampicillin, Co - trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol with the rates 100%, 93%, 92%, 89% and 86% respectively. The isolates were more sensitive to Ceftazidime, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Cefixime with resistance rate 41%, 38%, 35% and 30% respectively. The antibiotics Imipenem and Tobramycin were more sensitive with sensitive rate 100% and 80% respectively. Multiple resistance pattern for antibiotic divided into two groups, first included 69 isolates 69% which were resistant to 6 - 10 antibiotics, while second included 31 isolates 31% were resistant to11 - 15antibiotics.

دراسة عدد من المعايير الدموية والكيموحيوية وبعض الهرمونات لدى النساء العقيمات في محافظة صلاح الدين == Astudy of A Number of Hematological, Biochemical Parameters And Some Hormones In An Infertile Women In Salahaddin Governorate

Author name: لينا قيس ياسين عبد الرزاق
Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | بشرى محمد مجيد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تحديد عدد من العوامل المسببة للعقم لدى عدد من النساء في محافظة صلاح الدين. بدات الدراسة من ايلول (2008) ولغاية اب (2009), وحددت نسبة العقم الاولي (%55) والعقم الثانوي (%45) لعينة الدراسة التي شملت 400 عينة عشوائية للنساء المصابات | This study goaled to determine the causes of the infertility in a number of women in Salah - El - Din governorate. The study began in September (2008) until August (2009), the primary infertility was (55%) and the secondary infertility was (45%). The study sample, which included random sample of 400 infertile women aged (15 - 45) years. Whom reviews in Educational Tikrit Hospital and many external women clinics in Tikrit city. The studied samples are compared with 50 healthy women as a controlling group. The age groups of infected women are specified as highest average within (21 - 25) years then from (26 - 30) years then from (31 - 35) years respectively. The study included a cellular classification by using sex chromatin as an indicater of fertile degree (sex chromatin as a guide to classify women by examing Neutrophil polynucleated cells). So wamen were distributed to : Supper female (have 2 sex chromatin), Normal female (have 1sex chromatin) , and Abnormal female (with out sex chromatin).The results showded 4% and 44.75% and 51.25% respectively. Respect to sex chromatin the results revealed high significant levels (P <0.01) and (P <0.05) of prolactin and (LH) in cons. for Abnormal and Normal infertile women. While the same results and levels happened in FSH and Proges. Conc. In Abnormal and Normal infertile women in comparison with the controlling group.this study showed no significant at level (P >0.05) for Estrogen E2 besides there is no significant in comparing infertile women of Supper female with the control group. Concerning biochemical factors and their relation with sex chromatin, it is shown that there is a difference at (P<0.01) (P<0.05) for normal and a bnormal group in comparison with the controlling group, at level LDL, VLDL and total protein between high and low but there is no difference at level HDL, Tri and Chol The study of reproductive hormones (FSH) and (LH) (PRL) and (E2) had been measured at 13 - 14 days of the menstrual cycle of infertile women. And progesterone hormone conc. had been measured at 21 days of the menstrual cycle. The results showded high significant conc. of PRL, LH and Proge. at level (P<0.01) in comparison with control group while their was not significant changes when the infertile women with the control group for FSH and estrogen conc. Respect to the biochemical factors have shown through fat parameter cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein - cholesterol very low density lipoprotein - cholesterol and total protein have shown high levels (P<0.01) for infertile women in comparison with control group. While high density lipoprotein - cholesterol and glucose conc. Albumin, conc. and globulin show no significant changes in comparison with the control group. Besides this study has revealed a high levels (P<0.01) at PCV % for normal female in comparison with infertile female but through Hb there is no significant differences. It is also shown that the average of women with poor ovarian is 69.25 % while the block of fallopian tubes line was 18.75% for the endometrosis 4% and unknown infertile female causes were 8%. Then results also show the average of 36% of infertile female who are infected with hyperprolactinemea, results show that they are about 23% who suffer from Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS. Also the Body Mass Index (BMI) showed high significant level (P<0.01) infertile women compared with the control and the same results happened with the age.

دراسة التاثير المثبط لبعض المستخلصات النباتية على بعض الفطريات المرضية == Study of The Inhibitory Effect of Some Medicinal Plants Extracts On Some Pathogenic Fungi

Author name: شفاء طيار جعفر العساف
Supervisor name: صالح عيسى محمد الجبوري | عبد الكريم سليمان حسن النعيمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اظهرت دراسة التاثير المثبط للمستخلصات المائية والكحولية لاربعة نباتات طبية هي النعناع بنوعيه (Horsemint, Spearmint) والسعد (Nutgrass) والحبة السوداء(Black Cumin) على بعض الفطريات الممرضة المعزولة من حالات مرضية مختلفة، من بين (63) عينة مرضية اخذت للدراسة | Study of inhibitory effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of four medicinal plants, spearmint, horsemint, nutgrass and black seed (black cumin), against some pathogenic fungi isolated from different clinical cases, showed that (12) cases from (63) cases were positive and Candida albicans was more frequent (41.67%) followed by Aspergillus fumigates and A. niger (16.67%) for each one.The study at inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts against the isolated fungi, showed that aqueous extract of black seed (30 mg/ml.) was more effective, and inhibited growth of the fungus A. fumigatus (87.5%) followed by the aqueous extract of black seed (25 mg/ml.), nutgrass and Spearmint (30 mg/ml.) for both, which inhibit the fungal growth (81.25%).Aqueous extract of Horsemint (30 mg/ml.) was the best one, which inhibited the growth of A. niger completely (100%); Aqueous extract of black seed (30 mg/ml.) was more effective against the fungus candida albicans, and the inhibition zone diameter was (13 mm.).The study of inhibitory effect of alcoholic extracts against the isolated fungi, showed that alcoholic extracts of black seed (10 mg/ml.), Spearmint (15 mg/ml.) and Horsemint (30 mg/ml.) were The best against A. fumigatus and inhibited its growth completely (100%).Alcoholic extracts of black seed (15 mg/ml.), Spearmint (20 mg/ml.) were more effective against A. niger, and inhibited its growth completely (100 %); Finally, alcoholic extract of black seed (30 mg/ml.) was the best one against C. albicans, with inhibition zone diammeter (19 mm.).Testing of inhibitory effect of some chemical antifungal agents against the isolated fungi showed ketoconazole at concentrations (3.5, 3.0, 2.5) mg/ml. inhibited the growth of A. fumigatus (100, 93.0, 90.0) % respectively. Also ketoconazole at concentrations (3.5, 3.0, 2.5) mg/ml. inhibited the growth of A. niger (100, 95.0, (93.0)% respectively. Nystatin; at concentration 100 I.U/Disc (0.06 mg/Disc) inhibited growth of C. albicans with inhibition zone diammeter (15 mm.).

بعض المؤشرات المناعية عند مرضى الحروق في مدينة بعقوبة == Some Immunological Parameters In Burn Patients In Baquba City

Author name: عبد الله خزعل محسن القيسي
Supervisor name: عباس عبود فرحان الدليمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في مختبرات مستشفى بعقوبة التعليمي التابعة لمحافظة ديالى خلال المدة الزمنية المحصورة من 1 /2014/10 الى 2015/ 7 /1 وتضمنت هذه الدراسة ثلاث مجاميع هي مجموعة المرضى تالفت من 70 شخصا من المرضى الراقدين في ردهة الحروق التابعة للمستشفى اعلاه بواقع | The study was conducted at Baquba teaching hospital in Diyala province during the period October 2014 - July 2015. The study included three groups, a total of 70 patients who were admitted at burn department they were 33 (47.14%) female and 37 (52.85%) male with age range from (1 - 60) year, 40 (57.14%) of 1 - 20 year, 25 (35.71%) of 21 - 40 year and 5 (7.14%) of 41 - 60 year, and three degrees of burns, 15 (21.42%) of the first degree of burn, 34 (48.57%) of the second degree of burn and 21 (30%) of the third degree of burn. The polices of the two people who did not suffer from any medical condition, the first group consisted of 30 people to 14 (46.66%) female and 16 (53.33%) male. And the second set especially cellular Dynamics consist of 10 people included 5 (50%) females and 5 (50%) male, note that sets the polices were distributed to the same age groups above. C - Reactive protein is positive measured effectively using latex examination and rely on the presence of altlasn from non existence, while conducted examinations alghlobulinat immuneglobulins IgG and IgM, and complement components C3 and C4 by single Radial Immuno diffusion and conducted tests kinematics cellular IL - 2 and IL - 6 using adsorption - linked immunosorbent assay technique. The results of the study showed significant difference when level (P < 0.05) for CRP value reaching up to his cause the immune index in patients group compared with the control group. While results of IgG concentration showed great differences at the level of (P < 0.01) in female patients with average (1103.02 mg/dl) and males average (1136.05 mg/dl) compared to the control group females average (977.90 mg/dl) and males average (1038.00 mg/dl). While results of IgM concentration showed great differences (P<0.01) in female patients with average range (242.84 mg/dl) and males average (233.50 mg/dl) compared to the control group females average (124.37 mg/dl) and males an average of (93.10 mg/dl). While results of C3 concertration showed significant differences (P<0.05) in female patients with average range (94.87 mg/dl) and males an average of (131.40 mg/dl), compared to the control group females average (98.6 mg/dl) and males average (93.10 mg/dl). While the results of C4 concentration showed significant differences (P<0.05) in female patients with average range (41.31 mg/dl) and male average (37.78 mg/dl) compared to the control group females average (24.62 mg/dl) and males an average of (25.50 mg/dl). The results of IL - 2 concentration showed great differences (P<0.05) in male patients only average (30.16 pg/ml) compared to the control group average of (29.66 pg/ml). While results of IL - 6 concentration showed significant differences (P<0.01) in female patients with average range (63.39 pg/ml) average male (66.47 pg/ml) compared to the control group females average (2.48 pg/ml) and males average (22.80 pg/ml). Moreover the results of immunological indices the significant differences between age groups and burning scores of people with burns in comparison with the control group

دراسة عدد من المعايير الكيموحيوية والاجهاد التاكسدي لدى المرضى المصابين ببعض امراض القلب == The Study of Some of Biochemical Criteria And Oxidative Stress In Patients With Certain Heart Diseases

Author name: منى احمـد لفتة النيسانـي
Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | موسى جاسم محمد الحميش
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة تاثير الاجهاد التاكسدي لدى المرضى المصابين ببعض امراض القلب عن طريق اجراء بعض الاختبارات والقياسات كالنسبة المئوية لحجم كريات الدم المرصوصة (PCV) وتركيز خضاب الدم (Hb)، وبعض الانزيمات مثل : تركيز انزيم ناقل امين الاسبارتيت (AST | The current study was designed to determine the effect of oxidative stress in patients with the certain heart diseases through some tests and measurements as the Packed Cells Volume Percentage (PCV) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and some enzymes as : the Concentration of Enzyme Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Creatine Phospho Kinase (CPK), Total Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and Lactate Dehydrogenase For Heart Muscle, and some of antioxidants and oxidation factors as : Glutathione (GSH), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) respectively, and lipid profile that include : the Concentration of Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein of Cholesterol (HDL - C), Low Density Lipoprotein of Cholesterol (LDL - C), and Very Low Density Lipoprotein of Cholesterol (VLDL - C), and some other biochemical criteria as : the Concentration of Glucose, Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea, and Creatinine. It was chosen (95) blood sample back to the (80 patients and 15 healthy people), the samples were divided into four groups : The first group : included patients with Myocardial Infarction and they was (40) patients (males and females), age ranged between (35 - 89) years old.The second group : included patients with Angina Pectoris and they was (20) patients (males and females), age ranged between (32 - 85) years old.The third group : included patients with Heart Failure and they was (20) patients (males and females), age ranged between (39 - 89) years old.The control group : included (15) people (males and females), age ranged between (30 - 57) years old. The current study showed the following results : A. A significant decrease in the level (p <0.05) in : 1 - The Packed Cells Volume Percentage (PCV) and the concentration of Hemoglobin (Hb) in the heart failure group within the group of (males+females) and females gender.2 - Concentration of Glutathione (GSH) in the three pathological groups within the groups of males and females and (males+females) and age groups (60 years old and above).3 - Concentration of (HDL - C) in the three pathological groups for males and (males+females).4 - Concentration of Total protein in the myocardial infarction group for males and in the heart failure group for females and these two groups within the group of (males+females) and smokers.5 - Concentration of Albumin in the myocardial infarction and heart failure groups for males and (males+females).6 - Concentration of Globulin in the heart failure group for females and (males+females).B. A Significant increase in the level (p <0.05) in : 1 - Concentration of Enzyme Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) in the angina pectoris group for males and the heart failure group for females and these two groups within the group of (males+females), males gender, diabetes and smokers.2 - Concentration of Enzyme Creatine Phospho Kinase (CPK) in patients with myocardial infarction for males and female and (males+females), males gender, age group (80 - 89 years old), people with high blood pressure, diabetes and smokers.3 - Concentration of Enzyme Total Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Lactate Dehydrogenase For Heart Muscle in the myocardial infarction group for males and females and (males+females), males gender, age group (50 - 59 years old), diabetes and smokers.4 - Concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the heart failure group for males and females and (males+females) and females gender.5 - Concentration of Total Cholesterol in a group of angina pectoris for males and females and (males+females).6 - Concentration of Triglycerides (TG) in the myocardial infarction group for females and (males+females), males gender, diabetes and smokers.7 - Concentration of (VLDL - C) in the myocardial infarction group for males and females and (males+females), males gender, diabetes and smokers.8 - Concentration of (LDL - C) in the angina pectoris and heart failure groups for males and females and (males+females).9 - Concentration of Glucose in the heart failure group for males and myocardial infarction group for females and these two groups within the group of (males+females), males gender, age groups (50 - 79 years old), diabetes and smokers.10 - Concentration of Urea in the myocardial infarction and heart failure groups for males and females and (males+females) and age groups (from 60 - 79 years old).11 - Concentration of Creatinine in a myocardial infarction group for males and females and (males+females) and age group (70 - 79 years old).
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