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تحضير وتشخيص عدد من معقدات البلاديوم (??) والبلاتين (II) مع مزيج من ليكاندات الثايويوريا او الحلقات غير المتجانسة الحاوية على الامين مع السكارين او الثايوسكارين == Synthesis And Characterization of Some Palladium (??) And Platinum(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes of Thiourea Or Heterocyclic Amine And Saccharin Or Thiosaccharine

Author name: نور عبد المجيد ضياف الدوري
Supervisor name: صبحي عطية محمود الجبوري | مظهر يونس محمد المهيدي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Organic Chemistry
Degree: Doctorate
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تتناول هذه الاطروحة تحضير المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة ذات الحلقة الخماسية مثل معوضات الثايادايازول و3,2,1 - ترايازولين والثايازولدين - 4 - اون والحلقة الرباعية مثل الازتدين - 2 - اون والحلقة الثلاثية الاوكسازردين, فضلا عن تحضير الحلقة السداسية البرمدين | The thesis deals with hetero cyclic compounds with five member rings like thiadiazole substituted 1,2,3 - triazoline and thiazoldine - 4 - one, four member ring like azetidine - 2 - one and three member rings oxazirdine. Synthesis including six member ring compounds like pyrimidin - 2,4,6 - trione in addition to synthesis seven member ring compound like oxazepine are synthesized. In the present work 4 - bromo aniline is used as precursor for the synthesis of the required compound; the 2 - aminobenzothiazole - 6 - bromo (K1) is synthesized from the reaction of 4 - bromo aniline with potassium thiocyanate in presence of bromine, the later (K1) was reacted with ethyl chloroformate to give ethylcarbamate (K2),which is used for the synthesis of urea derivatives (K3 - 8).through (K2) reaction with substituted aniline. Pyrmidin - 2,4,6 - trione (K9 - 14) is synthesized from the reaction of malonic acid with urea derivatives in acetyl chloride.Schiff bases (K15 - 20) are prepared through the condensation of 2 - aminobenzothiazole with substituted benzyldehid. Seven member ring are synthesized by cyclaziation of Schiff bases (K15 - 20) by using malic anhydride in absolute ethanol to give 2 - aryl - 3 - N - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 5 - 7 - dione oxazepene (K21 - 26). four member ring is prepared from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with chloro acetyl chloride in 1,4 - Dioxane in the presence of tri ethyl amine to give azetidine - 2 - one(K27 - 32). Thiazoldine - 4 - one(K33 - 38) is synthesized from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with thioglycolic acid in the presence of Zinc chloride. The Oxazirdine(K74 - 79) is also prepared from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with 3 - chloro per benzoic acid in pyridine. 2 - (2 - chloroacetamide) - 6 - bromobenzothiazole(K39) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - aminobenzothiazole - 6 - bromo (K1) with chloro acetyl chloride. The compound (K39) is used in the preparation of substituted aryl amino acetyl - 2 - amino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K40 - 46) through its reaction with substituted amine. The thiazoldine - 4 - one - 2 - imine (K47) is also synthesized from the reaction of compound (K39) with potassium thiocyanate. The thiazoldine - 4 - one - 2 - imine (K47) is reacted with substituted benzeldehyd to give 2 - (5 - (aryldin) - 2 - imino - 4 - oxo - thiazoldin - 3 - yl) 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K48 - 53).The 2 - (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylimino) thiozoldine - 4 - one(K95) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - acetylamino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole(K39) with ammonium isothiocyanate in ethanol 96%. The thiazoldine - 4 - one(K95) is used in the preparation of 2 - (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylimino) - 5 - (sub.Methyl) thiozoldine - 4 - one(K96 - 100) through its reaction with various amine and formaldehyde.The aminobenzothiazole (K1) is also used for the preparation of thiosemicarbazide (K54) by its reaction with carbon disulphide. The substituted 1,3,4 - thiadiazole (K55 - 60) is synthesized from the reaction of thiosemicarbazide (K54) with various of carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. The aminobenzothiazole (K1) is used in the preparation of aryl ( benzothiazole - 2 - ayl ) dithiocarbamate (K61 - 65) through its reaction with carbon disulphide and arylhalid or alkylhalid in ethanol.The 2 - azido - 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K66) is prepared from the reaction of sodium azide with diazonuim salt ( prepared from the reaction of benzothiazole (K1) with sodium nitrate , hydrochloric acid ). 1,2,3 - triazoline (K67 - 71) are synthesized through the reaction of 2 - azidobenzothiazole (K66) with various olefin in ethanol. The treatment of aminobenzothiazole (K1) with phenyl isothiocyanate gives (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - yl) - 3 - phenylthiourea (K72) which is converted to (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - yl) - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxydihydropermidine - 4 - 6 - one (K73) through its reaction with malonic acid in dry. Benzene. The 2 - hydrazinobenzothiazole (K80) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - aminobenzothiazole (K1) with a mixture from hydrazine hydrate and hydrochloric acid in ethylene glycol. Pyrazoline compounds (87 - 92) are synthesized from the reaction of chalcons (K81 - 86) ( which are prepared from the condensation of substituted benzaldehyde with acetophenone in a base medium ) with hydrazino (K80). The hydrazino (K80) is used in the preparation of 2 - amino( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole)isoandole - 1,3 - diaone (K93) and 1 - (2 - amino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole)pyrroline - 2,5 - di - one (K94) through its reaction with phathalic anhydride and malic anhydride in ethanol. For furthur work, the preparation of Schiff bases (K101 - 110) carried out. from the condensation of substituted benzaldehyde with hydrazino (K80) in the presence of glacial acetic acid in ethanol. The 3 - ( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylamino) - 2 - (sub.aryl) - 5,7 - di - one oxazipene (K111 - 120) are synthesized by cyclazition of Schiff bases (K101 - 110) by using malic anhydride in methanol. Schiff bases (K101 - 110) are also used in preparation of 1 - ( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylamino) - 4 - (sub.aryl) - 3 - chloro - 2 - oxo - zetidine - 2 - one (K121 - 130) through its rection with chloro acetyl chloride in presence of tri ethyl amine in 1,4 - Dioxan. The 3 - (6 - bromobenzothioazol - 2 - ylamino) - 2 - (substituted aryl)thiozoldin - 4 - one (K130 - 140) is prepared from the reaction of thioglycolic acid with Schiff bases (K101 - 110) in presence of zinc chloride in dry. Benzene. In order to show the antibacterial activity of prepared compounds (k11,k23,k41,k56,k61,k62,k89,k97,k112,k118,k126,k137,k139) are evaluated against four types of common bacteria (Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschershia coli, Klebsiella peneuomina). The result of biological study are compared with standered antibiotic (Ciprofloxacine & Gentamycin). The structure of the synthesized compound are confirmed by I.R, 1H - NMR & 13C - NMR spectra and Some chemical physical data.

تحضير وتشخيص مركبات غير متجانسة حلقية متعددة من مشتقات الازو اوقواعد شف == Synthesi And Identifecation of Heterocyclic Multiple Ring Compounds of Azo Derivatives And Schiff Bases

Author name: ولاء فاضل عبد ضفير
Supervisor name: فائز عبد الحسين عبد الرماحي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تتضمن هذه الرسالة تحضير وتشخيص عدد من معقدات البلاديوم (??) والبلاتين (II) مع مزيج من ليكاندات الثايويوريا او الحلقات غير المتجانسة الحاوية على الامين مع السكارين او الثايوسكارين. وحضرت معقدات من النوع [M(L)2] حيث ان : M = Pd (??) , Pt (??) , L = PTUH ( | Work in this thesis includes synthesis and characterization of some palladium(??) and Platinum(II) mixed ligand complexes of thiourea or hetrocyclic amine and saccharin or thiosaccharine.Complexes of the type [M(L)2] were prepared, {M= Pd(??) , Pt(II) , L= PTUH}where : (PTUH) = {N - Pheny1 - N - (2 - thiazoyl)thiourea} by treatment of the appropriate ligand with Na2PdCl4 or K2PtCl4 to give square planer complexes, in which thiourea anoin ligand behave as a bidentate coordinate to metal through the S atom of thioamide group and the nitrogen atom of thiozolComplexes of the type trans - [MCl2(L)2] L =ABI , AT , M = Pd(?? ) , Pt(??)ABI = 2 - amino Benzimidazol وAT = 2 - aminothiazolwere prepared by treatment of the appropriate ligand with Na2PdCl4 or K2PtCl4 to give square planer complexes , in which benzimidazol and thiazol behave as monodentate coordinate to Pd(??) metal through the N atom while the Palladium thiazol complex showed two isomer the N and S - bonded isomer.Palladium (??) or Pt(II) complexes of the type trans - [Pd(sac)2(L)2] were prepared by treatment of trans - [PdCl2(L)2] with Nasac. Sac anion ligand behaves as a monodentate coordinate to Pd (??) metal through the N atom.Thiosaccharinate complexes of the type trans - [Pd(tsac)2(L)2] (L=ABI, AT) were prepared in which (L) behaves as a monodentate which coordinate to Pd(??) metal through the cyclic N atom while the thiosaccharin anion behaves as a monodentate ligand coordinated to palladium metal through the sulfur atom. The PTUH ligand was characterized by infrared spectra and (1H n.m.r).The prepared complexes were characterized by molar conductances, Elemental analysis, Infrared spectra, 1H n.m.r data also the structure of trans - [Pd(PTU)2] and cis - [Pt(PTU)2] were determined by single crystal x - ray diffraction.The complex trans - [Pd (PTU)2] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group p 21/c with a= 12.510(17) ? , ? = 5.6963 ?, C=15.322(2) ? ?=90° , ?=90.066(17) ° , ?=90° and Z=2 Molecules per unit Cell. The complex cis - [Pt(PTU)] crystallizes in orthorhombic space group with a=7.3021(5) ?, b=11.8025 (9) ?, C=25.6282(19) ?, ?=90 ?, ?=90(17) °, ?=90 and Z=4 Molecules per unit Cell.

تحضير ودراسة السلوك البلوري السائل ل الفا - بيتا (4 - n - الكوكسي - 6,5,3,2 - رباعي مثيل - 4? - اوكسي - ازوبنزين) ايثان == Preparation And Study The Behavior of The Liquid Crystalline ? - ? (4 - N - Alkoxy - 2,3,5,6 - Tetra Methyl - 4 - Oxy - Azobenzene) Ethan

Author name: نور محمود عبد الحسين التميمي
Supervisor name: ساجدة هادي رضا
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذة الدراسة تحضير مشتقات حلقية غير متجانسة مثل 2 - امينو - 4 - فنيل ثيازول(2 - Amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol)، والاوكسازبين(Oxazepine)، والتريازول(triazol)، والاميدازوليدين(Imidazolidine). ابتداءا من (2 - Amino thiazol) و(Acetophenon) كمركبات اساس | This Study include synthesis of some heterocyclic derivatives such as (2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol) , (oxazepine) ,(tetrazole) and (Imidazolidine) ,starting from (2 - amino thiazol) and (acetophenon) This Work is divided in to three Parts : Part one : Include Foure StepsThe first step include synthesis of 2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol from (acetophenon),(thiourea ),(Iodine) ,while second step repersents the formation of Azo derivatives of (2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol) ,while third step includes the formation of schiff base derivatives through reaction of azo compound with (3 - hydroxybenzaldehyde) The fourth step includes the reaction of prepared shiff base with compound (? - alanine) These steps are explain in diagram (1)Diagram No.1Part two : Includes two stepsFirst step includes the formation of schiff base derivatives of (2 - amino thiazol) through reaction of (2 - amino thiazol) with several compound , while second step includes reaction of several compounds with prepared schiff base to formate five and seven ring Theses steps are explain in diagram(2) Diagram No.(2)Part Three : Includes two stepsThe first step includes reaction of (acetylaceton) and (isatine) with (2 - amino thiazol) to formate new schiff base , while second step includes reaction several compound with prepared schiff base to formate five and seven ring.These steps are explain in Digram (3) Diagram No.3The sequence of reaction steps are followed up by (TLC) technique , and by busing solvents (methanol and benzene(1 : 4)) and ethyl acetate.All compounds are identified by (FT : IR) ,and some compounds by H1 - NMR and (C.H.N.S)

تحضير الكاشفين DPIDBSA وMBDPI واستعمالهما في الدراسة التحليلية للايونات Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) بالطرق الطيفية == The Preparation And Use of The Two Reagents DPIDBSA And MBDPI In An Analytical Study of Ions Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) By Spectroscopic Methods

Author name: زينب جاسم خضير الربيعي
Supervisor name: سامي وحيد راضي الحسناوي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تم تحضير مركبات دايمرات ازوبلورية سائلة بالصيغة الاتية : no.on n = 2 - 7و تشخيصها بالطراق الطيفية المتمثلة بطيف الاشعه تحت الحمراء وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون بالاضافة الى التحليل العنصر الدقيق وقد تبين من خلال التحليل الطيفي والتحليل العنصري | A new series of liquid crystal compound has been synthesized : no.on n=2 - 7 The identification of this new series had been done by IR and HNMR spectra in addition to C.H.N analysis. By using a hot stage polarizing microscope, it was found that the members n=2,3 show pure nematic phase and members n=4 - 7 show smectice (sc ) in addition to nematic phase. The effect of the number of carbon atoms on the side chains of the these compounds with TN - I shows odd - even effect transition temperatures was recognized. The TN - Sc show odd - even odd effect. The brodeniris groups (CH3) in terminal benzene rings decrease the transition temperature and has less effect on dimenshing the liquid crystalline properties than the monomers.

تحضير وتشخيص معقدات بعض العناصر الانتقالية مع ليكاندات نتروجينية ودراسة فعاليتها الحيوية == Preparation And Identification Complexes of Some Transition Metales With Nitrogeneus Ligands And Study Its Biological Activity

Author name: علي ابراهيم علي بكر الجبوري
Supervisor name: نهلة عبد الحميد عبد الجبار
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن البحث تحضير كاشفين جديدين هما الكاشف 3 - ((4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) diazenyl) benzene sulfonic acid ويرمز له (DPIDBSA) والكاشـــف2 - ((3 - methoxy phenyl) diazenyl) - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole ويرمز له (MBDPI) وذلــــك من مفاعلة ملـح الديازونيـوم ل | This thesis included the preparation of the two new reagents 3 - ((4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) diazenyl) benzene sulfonic acid (DPIDBSA) and 2 - ((3 - methoxy phenyl) diazenyl) - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole (MBDPI) by reacting adiazonium salt solution of (3 - aminobenzene sulfonic acid) and (3 - methoxyaniline) with (4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) in alkaline ethanoic Solution.The identity of these reagents have been characterized by spectral methods such as(UV - Vis) , FTIR , another physical properties (m.p.) and elemental analysis.The ionization constant of the reagent (DPIDBSA) was determine using spectroscopic method , the pKa was equal to 9.9.Six chelating complexes of the above reagents were synthesized with metal ions) Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+). The two wavelength of maximum absorption for the two reagents were found (422nm) and (416nm) respectively in ethanol and for the complexes formed between these ions with these reagents were found at (476, 492, 504nm) and (455, 458, 496nm) for cobalt(II) , nickel(II) and copper(II) respectively in aqueous medium.It has been prepared after fixing the optimum condition of concentration and acidity function, through the study of UV - Vis spectrum for reacting of metal solution and two reagents solution. For wide range of pH (5 - 11) and concentration which obey to Beer - Lambert Law.The structures were determine according to the mole ratio method and continuous variation method which is obtained from the spectroscopic studies of the complex solutions. The ratios of (metal : reagent) are equal to (1 : 2) for all the complexes ions.The stability of complexes in the solutions was also studied at the optimum conditions.Diagnosis the solid prepared complexes by UV - Vis spectrum in ethanol solution showed high chromic shift from as compared with free reagents in visible region to all the complexes prepared.Micro elemental analysis for all the complexes were prepared and the percentage of Co(II) and Cu(II) were determined , using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, it was noticed a great accord between theoretical and particle ratio.The infrared spectrum of chelating complexes also studied and it's compared with the two reagents spectrum. They give notice change with free two reagents spectrum. These showed new bands that were not found original in two reagents spectra but other bands have been changed in shape, in trinity and location. This may indicate that a coordination between the metal ions and the two reagents prepared.The Conductivity measurements for solutions at (1×10 - 3M) in ethanol solution have shown non - ionic character for all chelate complexes.From the above observations, it's suggested stereo shapes for complexes, that show the two reagents (DPIDBSA) and (MBDPI) behave as bidentit reagent, we can conclude that the proposed geometrical structure of all chelate complexes are octahedral.The study also included using spectrum method for determination stability constant of complexes in the thermal rang (25 - 45C?) for complexes with reagent (DPIDBSA) while the thermal rang was (10 - 30 C?) for complexes with reagent (MBDPI), and calculating ?G , ?H and ?S for complexes.The bacterial activity of the ligand and it's complexes were studied toward two type of bacteria : 1 - Pseudomonas. aurginosa 2 - StaphylloCoccus. aureusThe complex of Ni(II) with reagent (DPIDBSA) and the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with reagent (MBDPI) and metal ions solution showed high bacterial activity on Pseudomonas. aurginosa while the solution of two reagents and all chelate complexes prepared also the aqueous solution of metal ions don't showed any activity toward the two type of bacteria (StaphylloCoccus. aureus) (G+ve).

دراسة بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية على مرضى ضغط الدم

Author name: منال عدنان ابراهيم
Supervisor name: نزار احمد ناجي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Doctorate
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: يتضمن البحث تحضير مشتقات جديدة للقاعدة النتروجينية البيورينية (ثيوفلين) باضافة مجموعة ازو (Azo group) الى هذه القاعدة حيث تتصل بالطرف الاخر لمجموعة الازو الحلقية حلقة بنزين معوضة بمجاميع مختلفة مثل (SO3H , Br , NO2) وقد حضرت اربعة مشتقات للثيوفيلين1 - SA | This study include synthesis of new derivatives of nitrogen bases purin (theophylline) by adding azo group to these Bases where connecting in the other terminal with Banzen ring substituted by different group like (NO3, Br,...) Four derivatives of the theophylline where these are SAT , BAT , 4NAT , 3NAT these derivatives were used as ligand because of is abitity to from helating complex , these derivatives were reacted with eight metal ions these are (Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, La3+, Ce3+) these complex were characterized by many methods as molarratio, measuring of electrical conductivity electronic spectra , which helped us to find the chemical structure of those complex this study also found that ratio of ligand metal was 2 : 1 this study also include the study of biological effect for these ligand and complexes on four deferent pathogenic species (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus viridans ) ,(protens vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa ) the two first species are gram positive while the other are gram negative , finally (by using disk diffusion method) it was found that these compounds show different activity of inhibition on other growth of the Becteria.

تطبيقات طريقة استخلاص سائل - سائل للفصل والتقدير الطيفي لبعض العناصر الانتقالية بواسطة معقدات عضوية جديدة == Applcations of Liquid - Liqid Extraction Method For Separation And Spectrophotometric Determiination To Some Transition Metal Elements By New Organic Reagents

Author name: احمد ابراهيم حمزة
Supervisor name: شوكت كاظم جواد
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Biochemistry
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تاثير مرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم على بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية في الدم, ومقارنتها مع القيم الطبيعية (مجاميع السيطرة) والبالغ عددهم (125) (47 اناث و72 ذكور) والذين تراوحت اعمارهم بين (21 - 70) سنة حيث تضمن البحث : دراسة 115 حالة مرضية للاش | The present study was carried out to determine the effect of hypertension on some biochemical parameters in the blood compared to that of normal values of healthy subjects in healthy control group(125) (47 females and 72 males) Their ages ranged between(21 - 70) yearsThe study included : - 1 - seventy hypertensive patients(30 females and 40 males)Their ages ranged between (30 - 80) years the following biochemical parameters were included : (Cho, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, GOT, GPT, SOD MDA, HbA1C ,LDH, Metall oendopeptidase , leptin )for both hypertensive patients and health subjects as a control. Results of this study have shown a significant increase(p?0.05) in the concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride ,LDL,VLDL compared with control group while high density lipoprotein showed a significant decrease (p?0.05) compared with control groupThe estimation of LDL/HDL ratio showed a significant decrease (p?0.05) compared to that of healthy subjects The study also included the effect of hypertension duration on BMI and age in relation to the concentration of (Cho, TG ,LDL,VLDL,HDL)The study showed increase in the concentrations of (Cho, TG ,LDL,VLDL) while a decrease in the concentrations of high density lipoprotein for all patients compared with that of healthy subjects (control group).A clinical study of Metallo endopeptidase on the serum of healthy and hypertensive patients was carried which has been shown that the activity of this enzyme in healthy subjects does not affect by sex, age, and smoking while there is significant increase in the activity of Metallo endopeptidase in the serum of the hypertensive patients for both sexes at different ages compared with that of control group while there was an increase in the activity of Metallo endopeptidase in relation to the duration of disease the result also demonstrated a significant increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in hypertensive patients compared with that of control group.ALT and AST enzyme levels have been estimation in this study which showed a significant increase in the level of AST in hypertensive patients for both normal weight and overweight compared with that of control group, while ALT level showed no significant difference in hypertensive patients for both normal weight and overweight compared with that of control groupAs for Leptin the study has showed a significant increase in the concentrations of leptin hormone in control group of healthy subject (over weight BMI?25) compared with normal weight(BMI?25) for the same group. the concentration of leptin in all hypertensive patients showed an increase level in relation to age &BMIThis study also included the estimation of SOD and MDA in both hypertensive patients and healthy subjects (control group).It showed a significant decrease in the activity of SOD as the duration increases and there was a significant increase in the level of MDA(P?0.05)in hypertensive patients compared healthy group.Finally the level of (HbA1C) was also studied which no significant difference in hypertensive patients compared with that of control group, while there was a signi

استخدام تقنية كروماتوغرافيا الغاز باستعمال اطوار سائلة ثابتة لدراسة كفاءة فصل بعض مركبات الازو المشتقة من الباراكريزول == Use Gas - Chromatography Technique By Using Stationary Liquid Phases For Study of Separation Efficiency For Some Azo Compounds Derivative From P - Cresol

Author name: وداد ابراهيم يحيى خزاعل
Supervisor name: قاسم كاظم الاسدي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: حضر كاشفين عضويين جديدين هما2 - [3 - Acyl methyl phenyl )azo] - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazol (3 - AMePADPI) 1 - [(2 - Pyridyl azo)] - 2 - naphthol (PAN) وقد استخدما في فصل واستخلاص والتقدير الطيفي لعناصر النحاس(II)، النيكل(II)والبلاديوم(II) على هيئة ايونات موج | Synthesized two organic reagent was 2 - [(3 - Acyl methyl phenyl)azo] - 4,5 diphenyl imidazole (3 - AMePADPI) and 1 - [(2 - pyridyl azo)] - 2 - naphthol (PAN), which is used for separation , extraction and spectrophotometric determination Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) as Cations according to solvent extraction method ,dependence on measurement absorbance of ion pair complex extracted at ?max as well Calculation distribution ratio (D). This Study include limitation of optimum conditions for Complex formation and extraction such as pHex. and the experimental shows optimum pH for extraction Copper(II) with (3 - AMePADP) (pHex=8) and (pHex=9) with (PAN) but for Nickel was(pHex=11) with both organic reagent as well (pHex=9) for palladium (II) with both organic reagents. The study about metal ions concentration effect on extraction methods demonstrate 40µg Cu2+ suitable concentration giving higher absorbance for ion pair complex extracted to organic phase and higher distribution ratio (D) with both organic reagent , also for Nickel(II) was 80µg Ni2+ with (3 - AMePADP) and 50µg Ni2+ with (PAN) , but for palladium(II) was 20µg Pd2+ with(3 - AMePADPI) and 15µg Pd2+ with (PAN). Kinetic energy has important role in extraction. method according to Solvent extraction , and this study show effect shaking time of two immiscible phase on qualification `of extracted and illustrate 15 min was suitable shaking time for Copper(II) and Nickel(II) with both organic reagent and 5 min for palladium(II) with both organic reagent to obtaining higher absorbance of ion pair complex extracted to organic phase and distribution ratio (D). Organic solvent effect study appear there is not any linear relation between dielectric constant (?) of organic solvents and distribution ratio (D) that’s is mean there is not any effect for polity of organic solvent on extraction method but there is an effect for organic solvent structure which is participate in the structure of ion pair complex extracted by formation ,Tight ion pair or loose ion pair as well experiment result illustrate dichloro methane organic solvent (DCM) was the best organic solvent in extraction Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) by organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN. Study about determination more probable structure of ion pair complex extracted (stoichiometry ) by performance four spectrophotometric method for extraction Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN under optimum conditions and all experiment show the structure of ion pair complex extracted was (1 : 1) (metal : ligad) [Cu(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - . , [Cu(PAN)]+HSO4 - .[Ni(PAN)]+Cl - . [Ni(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - . [Pd(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - . , [Pd(PAN)]+Cl - . Declination of distribution ratio (D) frequently by reason of the organic reagent not gratify the coordination shell of metal ion and in this case water molecule participate to saturate the coordination shell and increase partition the complex to aqueous phase and increase dissociation of complex and decrease distribution ratio(D) as well probable to formation ion pair complex in structure of [M(L)]n+(OH) where M=Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ and L = (3 - AMePADPI) or PAN this complex favorite partition to aqueous phase and decrease distribution ratio. Thermodynamic study include Temperature effect on extraction efficiency the experimental results demonstrate the reaction was exothermic for Copper(II) with both organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN but the Complextion reaction of Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) with organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN endothermic reaction , after calculation thermodynamic data ?Hex , ?Gex , ?Sex show entropy values was high that is mean complexation reaction is entropic in region. The study about Interferences effect on extraction method of Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN to clarify metal cations of first group in periodic table Li+ , Na+ and K+ giving enhancement in distribution ratio in arranging Li+ >Na+>K+ by reason of high affinity of these ions to water and the thickness hydration shell increase with diameter decrease , this properties these ions being to contribute to destroy hydration shell of Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ and increase chances of association with organic reagent and increase distribution ratio (D) , but metal cations of second group in periodic table Mg2+ , Ca2+ has more charge density than metal cation of first group and has less thickness in hydration shell and the effective behavior on extraction method was less , but anions able to participate in electrostatic combination with cation complex and giving different effects by differ in molar volume , stereo structure and charge density. The study about synergism by used tributyl phosphate (TBP) and Methyl iso butyl Ketone (MBK) in the extraction the experimental results shows TBP and MIBK giving enhancement in distribution ratio (D) by participate molecular of these solvents in the structure of ion pair complex extracted install f water molecular in coordination shell of metal cation as well as the results show there is one molecular of TBP or MIBK participate in ion pair complex extraction [Cu(MIBK)(PAN)]+HSO - 4 , [Cu(MIBK)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - [Cu(TBP)(PAN)]+HSO - 4 , [Cu(TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - [ Ni (MIBK)(PAN) ]+Cl - , [ Ni (TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+ 2Cl - [ Ni (MIBK)(PAN) ]+Cl - , [ Ni (TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+ 2Cl - [Pd(MIBK)(PAN)]+Cl - , [ Pd(MIBK)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - [Pd(TBP)(PAN)]+Cl - , [ Pd(TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - The study about of effect of ethanol in aqueous solution on extraction method of metal in aqueous solution on extraction method of metal cation Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3AMePADPI) and PAN the results show foundation of ethanol in aqueous solution with metal cations giving increase in distribution ratio and this increasing continue until reached optimum concentration of ethanol after this value distribution ratio (D) decrease. This study include used organic reagent (3AMePADPI) and PAN for spectrophotometric determination of Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) in different environmental and vital samples.

تحضير وتشخيص مركبات خماسية وسباعية غير متجانسة الحلقة لمشتقات الامينو بنزوثيازول == Synthesis And Identification of Five And Seven Membered Ring Heterocyclic Compounds of Amino Benzothiazole Derivatives

Author name: علي فتاح ناصر الحسيني
Supervisor name: فائز عبد الحسين عبد الرماحي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن الجزء الاول من البحث تحضير اربعة كواشف عضوية جديدة هي مشتقات ازو لمركب الباراكريزول وقد تم تشخيص الكواشف المحضرة من خلال اطياف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية (UV - Vis) فضلا عن قياس اطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء IR)) وتم اجراء قياسات نسب العناصر الدقيق ( | The first part of this study included perpetrating four new organic reagents which are derivatives of P - cresol. Its identification was done by UV - Vis spectrophotometer, IR and C. H. N. Depending on the results, we found the correspondence between the theoretical calculation and the experimental ones with a way to suggest the final structures of the prepared reagents. The purity of these reagents was tested through thin layer chromatography.The prepared reagents are : 1. 2[(4 - Methyl phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (MePAMP)2. 2[(4 - Chloro phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (CPAMP)3. 2[(4 - Methoxy phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (OMePAMP)4. 2[(4 - Nitro phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (NPAMP)The second part deals with the study of chromatographic behavior of organic prepared reagents dissolved in ethanol according to gas chromatography on stationary liquid phases as capillary columns with different polarities as zebron (FFAT) which is characterized with high polarity, silica fused (BP10) with a medium polarity and poly phenyl siloxine (OV - 5) that appears with low polarity.Gas chromatography was equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and the nitrogen as carrier gas with flow rate 30cm3min - 1 at different column temperatures ranged 100C increments depending on columns maximum operation temperature, column inlet temperature and detector temperature were higher than the separation column (25,50) 0C respectively.This investigation attempts to find the optimum conditions for the sequential separation were defined for the azo compounds of all capillary columns such as injection, applied pressure inlet of column, gas flow rate as well as the conditions of the efficient separation.The order of elution and resolution of compounds on various stationary liquid phases were normal chromatographic behavior which is decrease in specific retention volumes with increase of column temperature through the relationship between logarithm of specific retention volume for the studied compounds against reciprocal of absolute column temperature which is observed generally linear relation for all compounds on different liquid phases by using (Clausius - Clapeyron) , then calculate the thermodynamic parameters ?H0 , ?S0 and ?G from the slope and intercept respectively the negative values of partial molar enthalpy ?H0 of solutions indicate to highest interaction between liquid phases and separated compounds. The results show that the zebron (FFAT) consider the high negative value of ?H and the reaction was exothermic, on other hand the highest negative value of ?s means less random of solutes on some liquid phase , so it was more selective towards to prepared azo derivatives of p - cresol. Also calculated separation factor (RS),number of theoretical plate (N), equivalent highest of one theoretical plate (HETP) respectively for mixture of studied compounds on various liquid phases.The precision and accuracy of the prepared organic reagent (MePAMP) from 0.06% to 1.44% for (CPAMP) from 0.91% to 1.5%, (OMePAMP) from 0.03% to 1.42% and finally for (NPAMP) from 0.06% to 1.6%

تاثير العكبر العراقي على مجاميع النتروجين الفعالة (RNS) لدى الجرذان المصابة باعتلال الكلى السكري == The Effect of Iraqi Propolis On Nitrogen Reactive Species In Diabetic Nephropathy Rats

Author name: امنة ناظم زغير العمري
Supervisor name: فردوس عباس جابر
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Education For Girls - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة تحضير مشتقات حلقية غير متجانسة مثل الامينوبنزوثايازول(aminobenzothiazole) والبايرازول (pyrazole)، والاكسازيبيــــن (oxazipine) , والايميدازوليدين (Imidazolidine) ابتداء من (4 - amino acetophenone) (A0) و(benzidine) (B0) والمركب(2 - ami | This study includes synthsis of new heterocyclic derivatives such as (Thiazole), (Pyrazole), (Oxazipine), and (Imidazolidine), starting from (4 - amino acetophenone) (A0), (benzidine)(B0) and (2 - amino benzothiazole (C).This work is divided into three parts : Part one : Includes synthesis 2 - aminobenzothiazole derivatives (A) and (B) from (4 - amino benzothiazole) (A0) and (benzidine) (B0) respectively ,as starting materials. These steps are explained in diagram (1).diagram (1)Part two : includes two stepsThis part includes two steps : - The first step includes the formation of Schiff bases derivatives for 2 - amino benzothiazole derivatives (A) and (C).While the second step includes synthesis seven 1,3 Oxazpine rings derivatives by reaction with (phathalic anhydride).In addition to, synthesis (Imidazolidine) derivative (A11) from the reaction with ? - Alanine. These steps are explained in diagrams (2) and (3).diagram (2) diagram (3)Part three : includes two steps The first step includes preparation Azo derivative (A12) by reaction of (acetyl acetone) with the compound (A) (6 - acetyl - 2 - amino benzothiazole) , then (A12) was entered the reaction of cycliczation with hydrazine hydrate or their derivatives to formate various five pyrazole rings derivatives. These steps are explained in diagram (4).diagram (4)The Sequence of reactions steps are followed up by (TLC) technique, and by using solvents (methanol or acetic acid and benzene ( 1 : 4 )). All compounds are identified by (FT - IR) ,and some compounds by 1H - NMR and (C.H.N.S).

تحضير، وتشخيص ليكاندات ازو جديدة ومعقداتها ودراسة تطبيقاتها == Synthesis, Characterization of New Azo Ligands And Their Complexes With Application Study

Author name: زينب عبد الهادي حسن علي
Supervisor name: عباس علي صالح الحمداني
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في البيت الحيواني التابع لكلية الطب البيطري/جامعة القادسية على ستين جرذا من الذكور ذات وزن يتراوح بين (156 - 160) غم قسمت على اربع مجموعات : المجموعة الاولى (السيطرة), المجموعة الثانية (المصابة بداء السكري) بعد 24 يوما من بداية التجربة, | This study was conducted in the house of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Animal/University of Al - Qadisiya on 60 a rat of males of the weight of the ranges between (156 - 160) gm. divided into four groups : the first group (control), second group (diabetes) after 24 days from the beginning of the experiment, the third groups (Pre - treatment) by local EEP for 24 days and then was to stimulate diabetes where once, the fourth group (Post - treatment) by local EEP is that to stimulate diabetes after 24 days from the beginning of the experiment. doses extracted from local EEP be 300 mg/kg of body weight.At the end of the experiment was sacrificed animal blood serum samples collected from rats under anesthesia to measure changes biochemical , as well as the extraction of kidney samples for examination PCR - SSCP for candidate genes in diabetic nephropathy and examination microscopically for kidney samples in the four groups. The results obtained PCR - SSCP technology a surge in certain sites in genes (GLUT1 and nephrin promoter) in diabetes infected groups (G2, G3, G4) compared to control group (G1) where he found and local EEP not corrected of mutations found in both two gene signature, which indicates an extracted from local EEP is not an effective impact in reducing genotoxicity for STZ but an effective impact on the reactive nitrogen species where found a decreases in peroxynitrite concentration in treatment groups through disclosure of 3 - nitrotyrosine by ELISA technology. As well as the decline in the level of nitric oxide radical in the serum (P<0.05).As reveal the incidence of kidney failure by measuring the level of each of creatinin and uric acid in serum. It was noted at the end of the search low moral in body weight, and an increase in the level of moral glucose in blood and increasing the level of uric acid and creatinin, in the serum (P<0.05), for the group infected with diabetes. While groups that treated by local EEP processing had a clear impact in reducing the level of glucose, Nitrotyrosin, nitric oxide, Uric acid and Creatinine. conclusion can be local EEP has characteristics of local anti - oxidization also through its impact in reducing sugar level in blood and its impact on the moderate on kidney functions through the reduction of creatinine and uric acid concentration in blood through improving of histological changes in kidney rats that suffer from diabetes resulting from STZ as well as to the impact of immunological.

دراسة تخليق ومقارنة نظرية لتفاعلات الاسترة لمشتقات البنزين ثنائي هيدروكسيل ونواتج البلمرة == The Study of Synthesis And Theoretical Comparison Esterification Reactions of Benzene Diol Derivatives And Polymerization Products

Author name: هيفاء عدنان عبد الامير
Supervisor name: سعدون عبد الله عودة | عباس عبد علي الصالحي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Organic Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الرسالة تحضير ليكاندات ازو جديدة] 2 - هيدروكسي - 3 - ((5 - ميركبتو - 4,3,1 - ثايادايازول - 2 - يل) دايازينيل) - 1 - نفثالديهايد[ (HL1) المشتق من 5 - امينو - 1،3،4 - ثايادايازول - 2 - ثايول مع 2 - هيدروكسي - 1 - نفثالديهايد. و3] - ((1،5 - ثنائي مثي | In this work new azo ligands [2 - Hydroxy - 3 - ((5 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl)diazenyl) - 1 - naphth aldehyde] (HL1) derived from 5 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 2 - thiol and [2 - hydroxy - 1 - naphthaldehyde. And 3 - ((1,5 - Dimethyl - 3 - oxo - 2 - phenyl - 2,3 - dihydro - 1H - pyrazol - 4 - yl) diazen yl) - 2 - hydroxy - 1 - naphthaldehyde] (HL2) derived from 4 - amino - 1,5 - dimethyl - 2 - phenyl - 1H - pyrazol - 3(2H) - one and 2 - hydroxy - 1 - naphthal dehyde have been prepared. And it’s metal complexes of with VO2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ have been prepared with ligands. The ligands were characterized by physic - chemical spectroscopic techniques [(C.H.N.S.), FT - IR, UV - Vis, 1H and 13C - NMR, Mass and TGA DTA curve]. And characterized complexes by Elements micro analysis (C.H.N.S.), FT - IR, UV - Vis, Mass and TGA DTA curve, Flame atomic absorption, Magnetic susceptibility, Chloride containing and Molar electric conductivity.The spectral data suggested that the ligand (HL1) as a neutral bidentate is coordinated with metal ions through the nitrogen atom of azo group and oxygen atom of phenolic group for all complexes, the proposed geometry that the Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ complexes have tetrahedral geometries, and the Cr3+ complex have octahedral geometries and the VO2+ complex have square pyramidal geometries, and Cu2+ complex have square planer geometries, molar ratio ligand : metal (1 : 1).The (HL2) as a neutral tridentate ligand is coordinated with metal ions through the nitrogen atom of azo group, oxygen atoms of phenolic group and carbonyl group of and for all complexes only with VO2+ complex is bidentate, the proposed geometry that the Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+ Ni2+ and Cr3+ complexes have octahedral geometries, and the VO2+ complex have square pyramidal geometries, molar ratio ligand : metal (2 : 1). The effect of the time on the stability for the solution of complexes has been studied and the steady of the stability for all the metal complexes through the time has been noticed.Hyper Chem - 8 program has been used to predict the structural geometries of the compounds in the gas phase. The total energy, dipole moment, electrostatic energy, heat of formation, and binding energy at 298?K, was used to evaluate the vibrational spectra of the free ligands and compare the theoretically calculated wave numbers with the experimental values. From previously information we can suggest the stable geometries for all compounds and measured their bond length between their atoms in molecules.

دراسة فيزيائية لتشخيص سطح البوكسايت والبوكسايت المعدل لامتزاز مادة التتراسيكلين عليهما عند درجات حرارة مختلفة == Physical Study of Bauxite And Modified Bauxite Surfaces Identification For Tetracycline Adsorption On Them At Different Temperatures

Author name: اسراء محمد راضي
Supervisor name: تقي الدين عبد الهادي حمدان
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن البحث تحضير وتشخيص استرات وبوليمرات مختلفة جديدة عن طريق تحضير مركبات الكيلية اوروماتية حاملة لمجاميع الهيدروكسيل عن طريق مفاعلة الكليسيرول مع (الريسورسينول , الكاتيكول , الهايدروكوينون ) بشكل منفصل.تم اجراء دراسة نظرية لنواتج الالكلة وبعض نواتج ال | This research includes the synthesis and Identification of new esters and polymers via new alkyl Aromatic containing hydroxyl groups. These compounds was prepared by reacting of glycerol with (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone) separately.A theoretical study For the products of alkylation and Polymers was conducted and compared with results.This Work includes the following : - first step : - Alkylation of cyclic compounds (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone) with glycerol to produce.2 - (2,4 - dihydroxyphenyl)propane - 1,2,3triol (H1) 2 - (2,5 - dihydroxyphenyl)propane - 1,2,3triol (H2) 2 - (3,4 - dihydroxyphenyl)propane - 1,2,3triol (H3)The resulting compounds were Identified by different techniques (FT - infrared spectra IR, NMR spectrum magnetic (1H - NMR, 13C - NMR) and Elemental analysis (CHN).Some physical properties of these compounds were studied.Step Two : - This step in clndes the preparation of ester compounds (Es1 - Es6) via reacting (H1, H2, H3) with Dicarboxylic Acid (malonic, Succinic) The resulting compounds were identified by different techniques physical properties of these compounds were studied Step Three : - Compounds (H1,H2,H3)were polymerized to produce new polymers (p1 - p9) via reacting with anhydride (maleic , phallic and succinic) by melting reaction (200 - 250) C.These Polymers were studied and Identified by different chniqnes including (FT - infrared spectrum, DSC, DLS, and studying solubility in different organic solvents, and measuring the percentage of swelling.Step Four : - The theoretical simulation of alkylation reaction of compounds (resorcinol, hydroquinone and catechol) with glycerol in existence of silicate aluminum were condncted. The transitional situation of these reactants and estimated energy values that leads to the suggestion interactive pathways, where studied. The prepared compounds (H1, H2, H3) were found haning a low value of total energy ( - 390.240 , - 390.232, - 390.251kCal \ mol), respectively, The study also these compounds possass less ? gab values (1.515,1.23, 0.68ev) respectively which was calculated density function calculations of DFT (minimal - STO - 3G).The comparison between the theoretical and obtained values of these compounds were conducted.The theoretical simulation of polymerization reaction (H1, H2, H3) to produce the polymers (p1,p4,p7)were done.The third is the most possible be cause it has the lowest values of total energy( - 126.625, - 126.491 , - 125.814 kCal\mol), respectively, and also has the lowest ?gab values (8.31,7.03.7.088ev).Polymers (p1,p4,p7) are theoretical produced by ring closure reaction and reaction and the possible energy values of these reactants are ( - 222.444, - 222.443, - 190288.29 kCal \ mol) calculated by semi - empirical calculations PM3.in conclusion, these polymers are formed through condensation reaction but not cyclic closure reaction.

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المشتقات الجديدة للمركب بارا - برومو انيلين ودراسة فعاليتها البايولوجية كمضادات (HIV) == Preparation And Identification of Some New Derivatives of P - Bromoaniline And Study In Vitro Anti - Hiv Assay

Author name: رعد سعد جهاد
Supervisor name: نجم عبود لعيبي المسعودي | نبيل عبد عبد الرضا
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: بهدف التوصل الى ايجاد سطوح انتقائية طبيعية وذات فعالية عالية في امتزاز بعض المواد الدوائية , اجريت دراسة متكاملة لانظمة الامتزاز للمادة الدوائية التتراسيكلين ( Tetracycline ( في درجات حرارية مختلفة على سطح البوكسايت والبوكسايت المعدل )البوليمر(.حيث تم ف | In order to reach to find a natural selective surfaces and highly effective in the adsorption of some pharmaceuticals, it has been a comprehensive study of the adsorption systems for the pharmaceutical substance Tetracycline in different conditions of temperature, on the surface of bauxite and modified bauxite. In this study the bauxite has been activated and used to prepare two complexes : bauxite - urea and bauxite - melamine, these complexes were merged and polymerized with to prepare the complex bauxite polymer - urea - melamine - formaldehyde (modified bauxite).The complexes bauxite - urea and bauxite - Melamine were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FT - IR), while the surface of bauxite and modified bauxite are characterized before and after the adsorption by X - ray diffraction techniques (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT - IR), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where measurements showed that the presence of two types of minerals included in the structure of bauxite which they are Gibsite and Buhimite in addition to small amounts of other minerals.(UV - visb.) Technique was used to investigate the adsorption quantitatively on the surfaces of bauxite and modified bauxite at the following temperatures (293,298,303,308,313,318 K).Search has been expanded to include also the study of adsorption kinetics of the drug substance (tetracycline) on surfaces mentioned above. It has been found that the surfaces of bauxite and modified bauxite used in the study have a ranking below in its ability to adsorption of drug substance : Bauxite> PolymerResults of the study also showed the applicability of Frendilh equation model for adsorption of drug substance on the surface of the above - mentioned bauxite and applicability to Langmiur equation for the adsorption of drug substance on the surface of modified bauxite. The isotherms of adsorption takes shape (S2max) at low temperatures and then start to turn into shape (L2max) at high temperatures in the adsorption of tetracycline on the surface of bauxite, while taking shape (Lmax)at low temperatures and then start to turn into shape (Smax) at high temperatures when the adsorption of drug substance took place on the surface of the modified bauxite.Thermodynamic quantities Have been calculated, it’s found that the adsorption of drug substance on the surface of bauxite and modified bauxite is endothermic when the adsorption constant calculated at greatest concentration while the adsorption of drug substance on the surface of bauxite was endothermic and exothermic on the surface of modified bauxite if the adsorption constant calculated at infinite dilution.The kinetic study of the adsorption of the drug substance on the above surfaces according to the developed Lagergreen equation then the rate constant of the process has been calculated at temperatures (293,298,303,308,313,318 K), through these values the activation energy value and the value of Arhiniuos coefficient have been calculated adsorption process, it was found that the value of activation energy and the value of the Arhiniuos coefficient follow the order below : Polymer> BauxiteAlso the surface area of the surfaces of bauxite and modified bauxite follow the order : Bauxite> Polymer

تحضير ودراسة طيفية لمعقدات مزيج الليكاند لايونات بعض العناصر الانتقالية

Author name: عباس سامي عبد
Supervisor name: عبد الله محمد علي حبيبان | مسلم حسن محمد
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة تحضير عدد من المشتقات الحلقية غير المتجانسة بالاضافة الى بعض المشتقات ثنائية الاريل والتي تعد ذات اهمية في مجال الكيمياء الطبية ,ونواة لتحضير بعض المشتقات الكيميائية الاخرى للمركب بارا - بروموانيلين والتي درس بعضا منها كمضادات للـ(HIV). وك | A new series of heterocyclic derivatives together with new biaryl analogues of biological interest have been synthesized starting from p - bromoaniline. Most of the new synthesized analogues have been tested for their anti - HIV (anti - human immunodeficiency virus - AIDS) activity.The thesis included the preparation of four types of compounds which have been use for further reactions as followings : 1. Preparation of the analogue R1 and its derivatives from treatment of p - bromoaniline with chloroacetylchloride. Reaction of R1 with KSCN or NH4SCN afforded the analogues R2 and R3 bearing benzothiazole backbone, respectively, while treatment of R1 with thiourea, hydrazine hydrate and piperazine gave R4, R5 and R7, respectively. In addition, treatment of R5 with p - toluenesulphonyl chloride (TsCl) yielded R6, meanwhile, fusion of R7 with maliec and phthalic anhydrides gave R8 and R9, respectively (Scheme 1).2. Preparation of the analogue R10 and its derivatives from treatment of p - bromoaniline with NH4SCN in the presence of bromine. Nucleophilic substitution of bromro residue of R10 by ( - SCN) group under microwave irradiation (MWI) afforded R11. Fusion of the latter with maliec, phthalicand succinic anhydrides gave R12, R13 and R14, respectively. In addition, treatment of R10 with p - cyanophenylboronic acid, via Suzuki coupling reaction and under MW, furnished the analogue R21(Scheme 2).3. Preparation of the analogue R15 and its derivatives,via diazotization reaction, from reaction of p - bromoaniline with acetylacetone. Treatmet of R15 with hydrazine hydrate or phenylhydrazine afforded R16 and R17, respectively.Furthermore, treatment of R17 with substituted arylboronic acids, via Suzuki coupling reaction and under MW, gave R23, R24 and R25 (Scheme 3).4. Preparation of the analogue R15 and its derivatives from treatment of p - bromoaniline with dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to give the azomethane derivative, which has been subjected to reflex with maliec and phthalic anhydrides by using ethanol to give the analogues R19 and R20, respectively. Additionally, treatment of R18 with substituted arylboronic acids, via Suzuki coupling reaction and under MWI, gave R27 and R28 (Scheme 4). The structures of the new synthesized analogues have been assigned from their 1H, 13C NMR and the C.H.N. analysis. In addition, most of the compounds have been identified from their 2D NMR : HSQC, HMBC, COSY and ROESY spectra.The thesis included the biological active study of the most new synthesized derivatives against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV - 1 and HIV - 2) (AIDS), which carried out at Rega medical institute college of medicine, Katholiek University, Leuven, Belgium. The study showed that five analogues exhibited remarkable anti - HIV activity, since the analogues, R6, R8, R13, R26 and R28 showed EC50> (3.19, 2.11, 3.41, 2.31 and 3.72) µg/mL. In conclusion, compound R8 being the agent of choice for further pharmacological evaluation by its structural medication which might optimizeits potential activity to be drug in the future for treatment of AIDS.

التفكك الضوئي لمعقدات الموليبدنيوم المخلبية مع ثنائي الكيل ثنائي ثايوكاربامات : دراسة حركية == Photodecomposition of Chelates Molybdenum Dialkyl Dithiocarbamat Complexes (Kinetic Study)

Author name: نادية باقر حسين
Supervisor name: حسن عباس حبيب
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:

هرمون الانتي مولرين كدالة لمتلازمة تكيس المبايض في امصال النساء العراقيات == Serum Anti - Mullerian Hormone As A Marker of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome In Iraqi Women

Author name: شهد فوزي عبيد عبد الواحد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: بشرى فارس حسن | غريد خليل محمد علي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يتضمن البحث تنقية المحاليل المائية المخففة من الملوثات العضوية صبغة الرودامين وصبغة الكونغو الاحمر بطريقتين الطريقة الاولى كانت امتزاز هذه الصبغات على سطح البتونايت ضمن Al2O3، ZnO،TiO 005 ( جزء بالمليون استعلمت المركبات الثانوية 2 - مدى من التراكيز ) 05 ) | The present work deals with the purification of diluted aqueous solutions from organic pollutants Rhodamine B (RhB) and Congo red (CR) dyes with two methods. The first one was adsorption these dyes on bentonite in range (50 - 250)mgl - 1, Nanocompounds,TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3 and quaternary ammonium salts Hexadecyl tri methyl ammonium bromide (HDMAB), long chain hydrocarbon compounds Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) in different amounts (0.01 - 0.1)g/10g of bentonite were used to modify the adsorption capacity to remove the RhB and CR dyes from aqueous solutions. Both bentonite and modified bentonite are firstly characterized using SEM, AFM and FTIR techniques.The effect of dyes concentration, contact time, effect of initial dye concentration and contact time, adsorbent dosage, and amount of modifiers on the percentage removal have been studied. The modified bentonite with SDS. TiO2 , ZnO increased the percentage removal(R%) of RhB dye from 80% by natural bentonite to 99.3%,98.9% and98.7% respectively, the other dye CR modified bentonite with HDMAB,TiO2 ,ZnO, increased the R% from 81.3% to 99.6%, 99.0% and 98.8%,while adding Al2O3 did not success to increase the R% of RhB and CR on bentonite surface The study exhibits that Langmuir and Freundlich models gave geed fitted to the experimental adsorption at 25°C.The second method deals with advanced oxidation process by using photo - Fenton catalyst(Fe2+,H2O2 and UV light) to degradates of two dyes RhB and CR, the effect of Fe2+ concentration,H2O2 concentration , initial dye concentration and effect of pH at different interval time have been studied.results indicated that simultaneous utilization of UV irradiation with Fentons reagent increase the degradation degree of RhB and CR dyes quickly lose their color, indicating that the dissolves organics have been oxidized, the maximum color removal were obtained at pH 2.0,250 mgl - 1of Fe2+,300 mgl - 1of H2O2for RhB at 240 minute while for CR maximum removal were at pH 3.0,200 mgl - 1of Fe+2,350 mgl - 1of H2O2 at 270 minute.The photo - Fenton degradation process was monitored by HPLC chromatogram of RhB and CR dye solutions. The intensity of the peaks are gradually decreased with irradiation time.The irradiation time after three hours show no HPLC peaks detected, the results are in a good agreement with the results obtained from the UV visible spectrum.In this study semi - empirical methods are used to calculate the molecular orbital energies. This calculation let to suggest the best surface active material which can be used to modify the adsorption efficiency for RhB and CR on Iraqi bentonite surface. The theoretical study results are compared to experimental results achieved in experimental studies on some organic pollutants and modified bentonite by SDS and HDMAB. Using SDS led to the best adsorption efficiency for RhB while HDMAB lead to best efficiency for CR dye. The enthalpy of formation, dipole moment and energy of molecular orbital HOMO and LUMO energies levels were calculated for the two dyes and the two modifiers.

دراسة كيميائية حياتية لانزيم اللاكتيت ديهايدروجنيز (LDH) ومتناظراته المنقاة جزئيا من ادرار المرضى المصابين باورام البروستات == Biochemical Studies of Lactate Dehydrogenase And Its Isoenzymes Partially Purified From Urine of Patients With Prostate Tumors

Author name: عمر علي كنوش الجبوري
Supervisor name: فراح غالي الصالحي | نزار احمد ناجي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الرسالة ثلاثة فصول. يحتوي الفصل الاول على مقدمة لنبذة تاريخية للمواد البلورية السائلة وصفاتها الفيزيائية وبعض الامثلة لتطبيقاتها,وكذلك الخصائص الثرموديناميكية للمزيج الثنائي والثلاثي للمركبات البلورية السائلة. وتحتوي المقدمة ايضا على شرح مختصر لتق | This thesis consisted of three chapters. First chapter contained an introduction to explain the historical view, physical properties, application and thermodynamic characterization of binary and tertiary system mixtures of liquid crystalline materials. Also it contained an introduction to Nanotechnology and nanosheets like graphene oxide and its functionalization and a summary about the dielectric permittivity and conductivity. The second chapter explained the experimental part including the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and its functionalization and general synthesis procedure of eight liquid crystalline compounds, which were outlined as follows : 1. N1,N4 - Bis(4 - subst. - benzylidene) benzene - 1,4 - diamine [3a - d] 2. N4,N4? - Bis(4 - subst. - benylidene) biphenyl - 4,4' - diamine [5a,b] 3. 3,3' - dimethyl - N4,N4? - Bis(4 - subst. - benzylidene)biphenyl - 4,4' - diamine [7a,b] The binary mixtures were prepared from a non - polar compound N1,N4 - bis(4 - methylbenzylidene) benzene - 1,4 - diamine and N1,N4 - bis(4 - bromobenzylidene) benzene - 1,4 - diamine as polar compound. The tertiary mixtures were prepared by mixing the mole fraction of the eutectic point (60%A) mixture [D] from the binary system and considered as the first compound A, the second compound was 3,3' - dimethyl - N4,N4? - bis(4 - bromobenzylidene)biphenyl - 4,4' - diamine as compound B.The tertiary system mixture at (13%B) showed the lower eutectic point, each concentration of the eutectic points in the binary and tertiary systems was mixed with graphene oxide and graphene oxide functionalized with polyaniline. The third chapter described the characterization of the prepared GO nanosheets with different functional groups.These nanosheets were characterized with multiple techniques (FT - IR , X - ray diffraction, SEM and AFM). The prepared liquid crystalline compounds were characterized by using FT - IR infrared and the liquid crystalline properties of compounds [3a - d], [5a,b],[7a,b] , the binary, tertiary systems and the mixtures with graphene oxide (GO) and GO functionalized nanosheets were examined with hot - stage polarizing microscopy, at the concentrations of the eutectic points , measured the dielectric permittivity and conductivity ?ac at the concentrations of the eutectic points. The addition of the nanosheets caused lowering of the transition temperatures of eutectic points in the binary and tertiary systems. It is worth noting, that in the two mixtures was appeared a new unknown (enantiotropic smectic ) phase.

تحضير وتشخيص معقدات كاربوبلاتين جديدة للبلاتين II ودراسة خواصها الطيفية والفيزيائية == Preparation and Characterization of New Carboplatin Complexes of Platinum (II) and Studied their Spectral and Physical Properties

Author name: سماء مهدي حسن
Supervisor name: جاسم محمد عبد الحسين | سعدون عبد الله عودة
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

البلمرة التكاثفية لمشتقات الاثيلين ثنائي الامين رباعي حامض الخليك وتطبيقاتها == Polycondensation of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid derivative and applications

Author name: حذام عبد علي عبد الحسين عبد علي
Supervisor name: داخل ناصر طه الزركاني | خضير جواد كاظم
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

التقديرالطيفي لبعض المركبات الدوائية الامينية ذوات الاهمية الصيدلانية == Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Amino Drugs Compounds With Pharmaceutical Important

Author name: مروة سعد محمد سعد الحداد
Supervisor name: قاسم حسن كاظم
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

دراسة تراكيز الهوموسستين في مصل دم مرضى السكري النوع الثاني وعلاقته بوزن الجسم == Study the concentrations of homocysteine in the blood serum of patients with Type II diabetes and its relationship to body weight

Author name: علي عباس علي الدايني
Supervisor name: صباح حسين خورشيد | عصام نوري سلمان
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

دراسة بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية مع تنقية جزئية لانزيم 5 نيوكليوتايديز لدى مرضى داء النقرس == Study of some Biochemical Parameters and Partial purification of 5´ - Nucleotidase from Gout patients

Author name: هيفاء عبد الوهاب جاسم
Supervisor name: فراح غالي الصالحي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

علاقة تركيبة الاحماض الدهنية وبعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية لمصل دم عند النساء المصابات باحتشاء العضلة القلبية == Relationship of Fatty - Acid Composition and Some Biochemical Parameters in Serum for women Myocardial Infarction Patients

Author name: لمى عبد المنعم بكر البجاري
Supervisor name: اميرة عزيز محمود الجريسي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:

تاثير الديلزة الدموية على بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية في محافظة نينوى == The Effect of Hemodialysis On Some Biochemical Parameters In Nineveh Governorate

Author name: ظافر صابر خلف حسن
Supervisor name: ليلى عبد الله مصطفى عبد الله
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
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