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دراسة جزيئية مصلية وكيميائية عن الاصابة بطفيلي انابلازما مارجينالي في الابقار في محافظة الكوت == Some Molecular ,Sero - Prevalence And Biochemical Study of Anaplasma Marginale In Cattle In Al - Kut Province

Author name: علا عبد الحسين عكار الكفاري
Supervisor name: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Veterinary Medicine
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة للبحث في انتشار مرض الانابلازموسسس بين قطعان الابقار في مناطق مختلفة من محافظة واسط وقد اجري البحث على 184 عينة دم جمعت من ابقارمشكوك في اصابتها تعاني من الحمى (°41c) , فقر دم شديد , شحوب الاغشية المخاطية ,هزال شديد وانخفاض في انتاج الحليب. و| The study was designed to investigate the prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis among cattle from various area in Wassit governorate , the investigation is performed on 184 blood samples collected from suspected cattle suffering from fever (41°C), severe anemia ,pale mucus membrane , progressive emaciation and drop in milk yield , includes (85) males and (99) females , aged < 1year to 2 - 3 years, during October 2012 to April 2013 from AL - Kut , AL - hayy , AL - Bashair , AL - Moufaqia and AL - Noamania areas to investigate antibodies against Anaplasma parasite by using indirect ELISA test and to determine the species Anaplasma marginale by using RFLP - PCR technique, also measuring some biochemical parameters to indicate the effect of the disease on liver function. Results of ELISA test showed that the rate of infection was 13.04 % , and there were different between age groups without significant difference were give 8 % , 11.25 % and 16.45 % in ages < 1year , 1 - 2 year and 2 - 3 years respectively. There was no significant differencerecorded between females that give study revealed that females were give 14.14 % rate of infection and males with 11.7 % rate of infection.The highest rate of infection was recorded in AL - Kut 17.14 % followed by AL - hayy and AL - Bashair were give 14 % ,10 % respectively and the lowest rate was recorded in AL - Noamania and AL - Moufaqia 8.33 % , 5% respectively, the study showed significant differences in incidence of disease between study districts and area in Wassit province under p > 0.05. The most sensitive method used for the diagnosis of anaplasmosis was polymerase chain reaction , DNA extraction was performed only on 24 blood samples which were positive for Anaplasma parasite by ELISA test, the extracted DNA from blood cells were analyzed by PCR and PCR - RFLP technique using primers derived from 16S rRNA gene and restriction endonuclease Bst1107I enzyme which recognized the sequence (GTATAC) in corresponding PCR product of A. marginale and cut it in the position 68, whereas the used restriction enzyme can not cut the corresponding PCR product of other Aanaplasma spp. and the result was 20 from 24 was positive for Aanaplasma spp. by PCR and 18 from 20 was positive for A. marginale. The results of liver enzymes activity showed significant increase in serum AST, ALT, CK and TBIL level in infected cattle (96.8±0.97), (42±0.52) , (406±2.06) and (0.95±0.24) respectively as compared with control (65.5±1.26 ), (21.4±0.45 ) ,( 142±14.17 ) and (0.27±0.05 ) respectively.

تشخيص وتوصيف جراثيم الاشريشيا القولونية والمكورات العنقودية الذهبية ذات الاحتمالية المرضية المعزولة من الحليب الخام للابل والجاموس بالطرق الاعتيادية والجزيئية == Identification And Molecular Characterization of Potential Pathogenic Staphylococcus Aureus And Escherchia Coli Isolated From She - Camel And Buffalo Raw Milk

Author name: اسراء تلفان عناد
Supervisor name: باسل عبد الزهرة عباس | بسام ياسين خضير
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Biotechnology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Microbiology And Veterinary Parasites
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تم جمع 430 عينة ,215 عينة من حليب الجمال الخام جمعت من مناطق مختلفه من محافظة البصرة ومحافظات بالمنطقة الجنوبية للعراق و215عينة من حليب الجاموس الخام جمعت من مناطق مختلفة من محافظة البصرة خلال فترة ثمانية اشهر(اب 2012 - اذار 2013) حيث تم جمع الحليب يدويا | During a period of eight months (August 2012 to March 2013), a total of 430 samples were collected from 215 camel milk samples, 215 buffalo milk samples from different regions in Basrah city and other cites in southern area in Iraq. All specimens were screened for the presence of E. coli and S.aureus by cultured on MAC, EMB and MS agar media.A total of 51 (11.8 %) of suspected E. coli isolates were obtained; 23 (10.6%) from camel milk samples and 28 (13.0%) from buffalo milk samples. The study showed higher occurrence of E. coli in buffalo milk samples than camel milk samples. All suspected E. coli isolates were tested with Api 20 and 35(68.6%) were confirmed as E. coli. Staphylococcus aureus were also isolated as suspected staph, A total of 39 (9.06) were obtained; 17 (7.9) from camel milk samples and 22 (10.2) from buffalo milk samples. The study showed higher occurrence of S.aureus in buffalo milk samples followed by camel milk samples. After test the suspected staph with api test appear 27 (69.2) were confirmed as S.aureus.All the isolates of E.coli and S. aureus were tested to at least 12 antibiotics to which they were subjected. All the isolated bacteria (100%) of E. coli isolates were susceptible to gentamycin,imipenem and amikacin but resistant (100%) to amoxicillin, trimethoprim, azithromycin ,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, cefixime and cefoxitin. Some of them (50%) were resistance to nalidixic acid. Three isolates 75% were resistance to tetracycline whereas 75% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin. Intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin ,nalidaxic acid , nitrofurantoin and tetracyclin was observed among 25% of the E. coli isolates whereas 25% showed resistance to nalidixic acid. Therefore, all these isolates were considered to be multidrug resistant.E. coli were further examined by PCR technique using two pairs of primers to amplify both itsf and pai genes. The results revealed that all (85.7%) of the isolates were positive for itsf gene, 57.1% of isolates yielded amplification products with Pai - PCR gene. Staph aureus examined to presence of mecA gene by technique using pairs of primers and it was found that 51.8% of strain contain that gene. Clustalw multiple sequence alignment of icd gene of E.coli and arcC gene of S.aureus isolates and three previously reported E.coli and S.aureus was done.

دراسة تاثير مستخلص الشاي الاخضر مقارنة بالانسولين على بعض الصفات الفسلجية والتعبير الجيني في الارانب المستحدثة تجريبيا بالسكري == Study The Effect of Green Tea Extract As Compared With Insulin On Some Physiological Parameters And Gene Expression In Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rabbits

Author name: ماهر مهدي صالح العارضي
Supervisor name: حيدر عبد الكاظم نغيش الزاملي
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسه الحاليه لتحديد التاثيرات المحتملة للمستخلص المائي للشاي الاخضر200 ملغم / كغم في اناث الارانب المستحدث فيها السكري تجريبيا. استخدام 35 انثى ارنب بالغة من النوع المحلي تراوحت اعمارها 6 - 10 اشهر معدل اوزانها 1 - 1،5 كغم. قسمت الى خمسة مجاميع مت | The present study aimed to determine the effect of aqueous extract of green tea (200 mg / kg B.W) in experimentally induced diabetic female rabbits.Thirty five female rabbits with arange age of 6 - 10 months and 1 - 1.5 kg weight were used.They are divided into five equal groups.The first group used as negative control (C),The diabetes melltitus (DM) was induced in T1,T2 and T3 by injection of single dose of alloxan 100 mg /kg B.W in marginal ear vein , The T1 assigned as positive control. The T2 treated with 200 mg / kg B.W of aqueous extract of green tea for 8 weeks.The T3 treated with 3 IU/ SC of insulin for 8 weeks while the T4 was given 200 mg / kg B.W of aqueous extract of green tea alone for 8 weeks. After 5 days of diabetes mellitus induction the blood samples were taken from the same vein, the rabbits which have blood glucose more than 200 mg / dl blood consider as diabetic. At the end of the experiment blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture and the blood serum was separated by Centrifuge to measure glucose , albumin, total protein ,liver enzymes and lipid profile and histological sections for pancrease,liver and kidney were done. the Real - time PCR was done to measure the gene expression of (Ins 1) and (Ins 2) which are responsible for insulin hormone production.the results were revealed that there is significant ( p <0.05) decrease in glucose,Low density lipoprotein,very Low density lipoprotein , Triglyceride , Total cholesterol , Alkaline phosphatase , Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine transaminase and significant increase (p <0.05) in Highy density lipoprotein , albumin and total protein in T2 group compared with T1, there is non significant differences in these parameters with T3 group , also there is significant decrease in ( p < 0.05) in Low density lipoprotein,Very Low density lipoprotein , Triglycerid , Total cholesterol and significant increase ( p < 0.05) in Highy density lipoprotein in T4 group compared with all groups. The gene expression results revealed that there is significant ( p < 0.05) increase in Ins 1 and Ins 2 gene expression in T2 compared with T1.The histological study of T1 was explain that there is severe congestion in pancrease with necrosis and absent of islets of langerhans while in the liver there is congestion with large thrombus in central vein with hepatic necrosis. In the kidney there is thrombus and congestion in renal tissue and destruction in renal tubules. While in T2 most damage caused by alloxan was disappeared through regeneration of cells of studied organs

كفاءة التنظيف لمبرد XP - endo Finisher بالمقارنة مع انظمة الارواء بالتردد الصوتي والتردد فوق الصوتي : دراسة خارج الجسم == Cleaning Efficiency of Xp - Endo Finisher File In Comparison With Sonic And Ultrasonic Irrigation Systems (An In Vitro Study)

Author name: مهند غازي عزاوي
Supervisor name: جمال عزيز مهدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficiency of XP - endo Finisher, EndoActivator sonic irrigation system and the NSK Varios ultrasonic irrigation system in removing dentin debris at three levels of root canals and to compare the percentage of dentin debris among the three levels for each irrigation system. Sixty freshly extracted upper molar teeth with straight palatal root canals were used in this study. All canals were prepared with ProTaper NEXT rotary files to size X4, 1mm from the anatomic apex with irrigation of 1 ml 2.0% NaOCl between the files. After that the samples were randomly distributed into three groups of twenty samples each, irrigated with 1 ml 2.0% NaOCl, followed by irrigant activation for 60 seconds with three different irrigation systems; group one, by using the XP - endo Finisher; group two, by sonic irrigation using the EndoActivator system; and group three, by ultrasonic irrigation using the NSK Varios, then all the groups received a final rinse of 5 ml 2.0% NaOCl. After the final rinse, the roots were split longitudinally into two parts and photographed with a professional digital camera. The digital images were then transferred into a computer and opened in Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 software and the canal was magnified 200x. The percentage of dentin debris remaining at the apical level (0 - 3mm), the middle level (3 - 6mm) and the coronal level (6 - 9mm) was calculated by dividing the number of pixels occupied by the dentin debris at each level by the number of pixels representing the entire canal area. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and LSD at 1% and 5% significant levels. This study showed that cleaning the canal with the XP - endo Finisher or NSK Varios ultrasonic irrigation system resulted in significantly cleaner canals (P<0.01) than the EndoActivator sonic activation system at all canal levels. The XP - endo Finisher resulted in cleaner canals than the NSK Varios ultrasonic irrigation system at all levels, but the difference is not statistically significant (P>0.05). The apical level of all the canals showed a greater amount of dentin debris (P<0.01) compared to the middle and coronal levels, regardless of the irrigation device used.

تحليل القوى المستقرة لثلاثة انواع مختلفة من المواد الراتنجية بطريقة عملية وعددية == Static Stress Analysis For Three Different Types of Composite Materials Experimentally And Numerically

Author name: محمد وائل سعيد
Supervisor name: حكمت عبد الرحيم الغراوي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: t is important to analyze and compare the stresses induced in different composite material types during load application to know which type of composite will behave as preferred under the loading in the same circumstances. This study aimed at measuring and comparing the stress induced in Filtek ™ Z350 XT (3M ESPE) composite, Tetric EvoCeram ® (ivoclar vivadent) composite and BRILLIANT ™ NG (Coltène/Whaledent) composite experimentally and numerically.Experimental analysis included cavity preparation in the Brass block with a concave (U - shape) cavity which represent a proximal cavity preparation. This cavity was used as a mold for sample preparation. The internal line and point angles of the cavity (mold) were rounded and the dimensions of the cavity (mold) were 10mm × 10mm × 10mm (Total height of the box × Width of the top side of box × Length of the top side of box). The internal diameter of “U” was 5 mm at the base of the box. The mold was used to prepare forty five samples, fifteen samples for each type of composite material. So, three groups were prepared : Group A filled with Filtek ™ Z350 XT composite material, Group B filled with Tetric EvoCeram ® composite material and Group C filled with BRILLIANT ™ NG composite material.Electrical strain gauge (Tokyo Sokki, Japan) was embedded in composite material horizontally at the same level in each sample. Static load of 50 N was applied perpendicular to the center of the occlusal surface of composite restoration in each sample testing. The strain gauge was connected to a Wheatstone bridge with a signal amplifier which measures the strain during load application and gives the amplified signal from (0 to 4.8 volt) to LabJack data acquisition where a stream software give the final values of strain with the aid of a scaled equation of voltage. Then, the von Mises stress (effective stress) was calculated by using equations. Numerical analysis was done by using ANSYS 16.1 - (2015) (finite element tool) software that was used to create the 3 - Dimensional models represented the same materials and dimensions used experimentally. The physical characteristics of the composite models were inserted in the software which included Elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio (?). Analysis was selected in a finite element method according to boundary conditions. A mesh size and an element size were estimated during the study. The stresses were calculated at static load of 50 N with the ANSYS 16.1 - (2015) software.The data were analyzed statistically by One - way ANOVA test and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. One - way ANOVA test and LSD test results showed that there was a highly significant difference (P<0.001) presented between groups A and B, groups A and C and between groups B and group C. The Stress induced in BRILLIANT ™ NG composite after load application was the lowest stress value followed by Tetric EvoCeram ® composite and followed by Filtek ™ Z350 XT composite which was the highest stress value experimentally and numerically.

التسرب المايكروي لنوعين من القشرة الخزفية بوجود وعدم وجود الحشوة الراتنجية تحت جهاز التحميل الدوري == Microleakage of Two Porcelain Laminate Veneers Materials With And Without Composite Filling Under Cyclic Loading

Author name: ياسر علي النقيب
Supervisor name: عمار عطا الله علي السعدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Although investigators have evaluated the microleakage of porcelain laminate veneers, there is insufficient data regarding the durability of porcelain laminate veneers bonded to existing composite fillings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of porcelain veneers restorations fabricated from two types of CAD/CAM ceramic blocks bonded to teeth with or without composite class V composite filling.Forty eight sound, crack - free human maxillary first premolar extracted for orthodontic reasons were selected for this study. Teeth were divided randomly into.2 main groups, which further divded into 2 groups (12 sample each). Group A1 : IPS e.max CAD veneers with standardized class V composite filling, Group A2 : IPS e.max CAD veneers, Group B1 : VITA Suprinity veneers with standardized class V composite filling, Group B2 VITA Suprinity veneers. The class V cavities was restored with nanofilled composite (Filtek™ Z350 XT, 3M ESPE). Standard veneer preparations were made using Ceramic veneer burs system (Keramikveneers. de, Komet). All the veneers were milled by CAD/CAM technology (CEREC MC XL, inLab SW 15, Sirona Dental Systems) Composite fillings (groups A1 and B1) were sandblasted with alumina oxide.Porcelain veneers were cemented in place using light - cured resin cement (Rely Veneer Cement, 3M ESPE), Then the specimens were stored at 37? in distilled water for 2 weeks. Then mechanical load cycling (50,000 load cycle of 49 N at 2.5 Hz) and thermocycling procedure (500 cycles of 5 - 55 Co with 20 sec dwell time) were done. The specimens’ crowns were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for two days, then mounted in clear acrylic before sectioning with a 0.35 mm microtome. Microleakage percentage were recorded using stereomicroscope and ImageJ program. Results were checked for normality of distribution (Kolmogorov - Smirnov test and Shapiro - Wilk test), and were analyzed with twoway ANOVA and independent samples t - tests. Two way ANOVA shows the significant effect of type of ceramic restoration and the highly significant effect of composite filling, however, the interaction between the main factors was non - significant. The results showed that the lowest mean of microleakage percentage was recorded for group A2 (4.6058% ± 1.5091) which considered statistically significant compared to group B2 (6.105%±1.456), and statistically highly significant compared to group A1 (6.6075%±1.3259) while group B1 recorded the highest mean of microleakage percentage (7.3158%±1.38713). In conclusion, the type of ceramic restoration and the presence of class V filling both had significant effects on microleakage of porcelain veneers. IPS e.max CAD veneers had significantly lower microleakage percentages compared to VITA Suprinity veneers. The presence of class V composite filling within the cervical finishing line of porcelain veneers had a highly significant higher microleakage percentage compared to groups without composite filling.

احتمالية حدوث العيوب في عاج الجذر نتيجة لاستخدام انظمة مختلفة من مبارد النيكل تيتانيوم == The Incidence of dentinal root defects caused by different Nickel Titanium instruments

Author name: نور الدين علي سعيد
Supervisor name: ايمان محمد الزقة
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الاعداد الميكانيكي الاحيائي لقنوات الجذر احد الخطوات الرئيسية لتحقيق حشوة جذر ناجحة بسبب امكانية ازالة الاجسام البكتيرية والحطام المتراكم وتسهيل وضع حشوة الجذر داخل القنوات. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو لملاحظة ومقارنة احتمالية حدوث العيوب في عاج الجذر نتي | Vertical root fracture and crack formation can be seen in root dentin during and after endodontic procedures. Vertical root fracture is one of the most frustrating complications of root canal treatment, which often results in tooth extraction. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different Nickel Titanium instruments (ProTaper Universal, EndoSequence, ProTaper Next and RECIPROC) on the dentinal wall in term of dentinal defects.Seventy - five straight palatal roots of freshly extracted human maxillary first molars teeth were used in this study, the palatal roots were sectioned at 11 mm from the apex and wrapped with two layers of aluminum foil, then placed in the center of elastic silicon mold. Fifteen roots were left unprepared to serve as a negative control group, the remaining 60 roots were divided into 4 groups, each group contained 15 roots : • Group I was prepared by rotary ProTaper Universal system.• Group II was prepared by rotary EndoSequence system.• Group III was prepared by rotary ProTaper Next system.• Group IV was prepared by reciprocating RECIPROC system.All canals were prepared to MAF # 40. After each file size of the (rotary files) or after three pecking motion of the (reciprocating files), the file was removed from the canal and the canal was irrigated with 1 ml of 2% of sodium hypochlorite. All files were cleaned periodically to prevent clogging of flutes during instrumentation. The canal remained patent by insertion size 15 K - file.When the instrumentation was completed, the roots were then embedded in a clear acrylic resin blocks and each root was sectioned into three levels : apical, middle and coronal. All samples were examined from coronal direction under Stereomicroscope. The number and the type of dentinal defects were recorded and classified. The collected data was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using chi - square test.The EndoSequence group showed the lowest number of dentinal defects followed by ProTaper Next group and then ProTaper Universal group. The highest number of dentinal defects were observed in RECIPROC group. Chi - square test showed that there were highly significant differences among groups (P < 0.01). The results showed a non - significant difference between EndoSequence and Protaper Next group (p > 0.05), and a significant difference with ProTaper Universal group (P < 0.05) and a highly significant difference with RECIPROC group (P < 0.01). The ProTaper Next group showed a significant difference with ProTaper Universal group and a highly significant difference with RECIPROC groups. There was no significant difference between RECIPROC and ProTaper Universal groups.

انسلاخ المبيضات اللعابي المقاس بواسطة تفاعل البوليميراز المتسلسل الكمي اللحظي كاداة تنبؤ لحصول التهاب المبيضات الفموي عند مرضى الربو المتعاطين لدواء بيكلوميتازون المستنشق == Salivary Candidal Shed Measured By Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction As A Predictor of Oral Candidiasis In Asthmatic Patients On Inhaled Beclomethasone Dp Therapy

Author name: نغم قطران رحيم
Supervisor name: رعد محي الدين حلمي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الربو القصبي المزمن يمثل مشكله صحيه جديه في كل العالم وهو عادة يبدا في عمر الطفوله ويبقى المريض في كثير من الاحيان يتعاطى العلاجات المستنشقه مدى الحياة.انتشار الربو القصبي يزداد في كثير من دول العالم مما يجعله احد الامراض المعيقه والمهدده للحياة باعتبا | Asthma is a serious global health problem that usually starts in childhood and continues along patient’s life and most of them have to take inhaled therapy lifelong. The prevalence of asthma is rising in many countries of the world, making asthma one of the most disabling and life threatening diseases effecting patients with different age groups and social classes with variable clinical spectrums and outcomes starting from mild to severe disabling syndrome rendering nonproductive individuals to severe life threatening and sometimes fatal disease. Those patients continue inhaled steroid therapy for long duration, considered by GINA as first line treatment , however such a treatment is associated with local adverse effects on oral tissues, and one of the main concerns is the development of oral candidiasis, a chronic, potentially invasive, infection of oral tissues with fungus candida species resulting in failure of treatment. The scientific interests about such a serious complication have been raised over the past years and debates continued as the candida is considered one of the normal flora of the oral cavity in most of healthy population, however oral candidiasis in pathogenic forms still occur in immunocompromised patients including asthmatics on inhaled corticosteroid therapy.Aim of the study1. To investigate the effect of inhaled corticosteroid therapy in form of Beclomethasone Dipropionate250 microgram/dose CFC free in asthmatic patients on salivary candidal shed estimating by Real Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT qPCR) applied on direct unstimulated saliva samples.2. Evaluation of this shed as prediction of occurrence of oral candidiasis. Patients, Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted at Al Zahraa consultational Asthma and Allergy center - Baghdad Al Karkh Health Directorate from September 2013 to February 2014.The included patients were divided into 3 groups. Group A included asthmatic patients on inhaled Beclomethasone therapy, group B included asthmatic patients that never used any form of inhaled steroid therapy and group C was those asthmatic patients on inhaled Beclomethasone therapy who developed oral candidiasis. All patients were receiving two daily doses. The same exclusion forma was applied to choose Group D who were control healthy individuals. Each included patients and control cases were instructed to give saliva samples in the standard way and samples taken for estimation of candidal count by real time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.Results During the study period, 698 patients were examined, however only 63 patients were included in the study. Those 63 were classified as follows : 28 patients were found on group, 28 were found on group B and only 7 patients were found on group C and 20 cases were selected in group D as a control.Group C patients were having the highest salivary candidal shed (mean=58.7x106 cn/ml) and longest duration of asthma (Mean=2718 days) and longest duration of Beclomethasone therapy (Mean=2224 days) and this was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05).Group A patients were having the second highest rank after group C in regard of salivary candidal shed and both duration of asthma and Beclomethasone therapy. Inside each group, duration of asthma and duration of Beclomethasone therapy were associated with moderate positive correlation with salivary candidal shed (R>0.5).Age difference between groups were insignificant and age factor had no correlation with salivary candidal shed inside the groups.Discussion : Salivary candidal shed over the groups was directly related to the duration of inhaled Beclomethasone therapy and duration of asthma. They are significantly higher (p<0.01) as we go further from each group to the next, both appear as the reason behind increased candidal shed in groups A and C.The salivary candidal shed curve will gave us a very useful tool for follow up those patients on inhaled steroid therapy ,In addition , predict the risk of developing oral candidiasis and when to interfere prior to the establishment of Oral Candidiasis state as that we have noticed in the group C, in which it was recommended to stop inhaled steroid therapy and the patients would lose the benefits of the therapy.Conclusions1. Resting saliva samples with realtime quantitative PCR was a rapid and accurate tool in diagnosis of oral candidiasis.2. Salivary Candidal Shed could be used as a tool in predicting oral candidiasis in asthmatic patients on inhaled Beclomethasone therapy.3.Longer duration of asthma and longer duration of Beclomethasone therapy were associated with increased salivary candidal shed and established oral candidiasis have the highest amount of shed.4. Candida albicans are present in the oral cavity of any individual of our population

تقيم التسريب الجزني لمركبات الراتنج للحشوات الخلفية سونك فل مركب مستند على السيلورين ومركب نانوفل مستند على الميتاكرليت في : دراسة مقارنة == Microleakage Evaluation of Sonicfill

Author name: مهند احمد الحداد
Supervisor name: حكمت عبد الرحيم الغراوي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Resin composites have improved greatly since their introduction and are now the materials of choice for most of the restorations. This study was conducted with aim of comparing in vitro the marginal adaptation of three different, low shrink, direct posterior composites Sonic fill™ (nanohybrid composite), Filtek™ P90 (Silorane - based composite) and Filtek™ Z350 (nanofill composite) of a standardized Class V cavity after thermoal cycling. Sixty sound, freshly extracted human premolars were prepared with standardized Class V cavities. The specimens were divided into three groups of twenty teeth each according to the material used : Group A : The teeth were restored with Sonic fill™ posterior composite unidose capsules, Group B : The teeth were restored with a silorane - based posterior composite (FiltekTM P90), Group C : The teeth were restored with nanofill methacrylate - based composite (Filtek™ Z350 XT).After specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7 days, all specimens were subjected to thermocycling at (5° to 55 °C), then immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. For each group microleakage at the occlusal and gingival regions was estimated by determining dye penetration using scoring system under steromicroscope (10X). The statistical analysis of the results showed that, Filtek™ P90 silorane based composite exhibited the lowest mean of microleakage, with statistically highly significant difference (P < 0.01) when compared with Sonicfill™ composite and Filtek™ Z350 XT nanofill composite. On the other hand, the results of this study showed that Sonic fill™ composite exhibited no significant difference (P > 0.05) as compared with Filtek™ Z350 XT nanofill composite. Also, the results in this study showed that there is a highly significant difference (P < 0.01) in dye penetration between occlusal and gingival regions for each group

تقييم اصابة المفصل الفكي الصدغي عند مرضى الصدفية باستعمال التصوير المقطعي المحوسب للكشف عن التغيرات المفصلية == Evaluation of The Involvement of The Tempromandibular Joint In Patients With Psoriasis Using Computed Tomography For Detection of Psoriatic Arthritis Changes

Author name: منتهى فوزي صالح
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اضطرابات المفصل الفكي الصدغي تشير الى مصطلح مركب يحتوي على عدة حالات تتضمن المفصل الصدغي,التركيبات المحيطة او كلاهما.اضطرابات المفصل الفكي الصدغي هي مجموعة اعراض معقدة اكثر من كونها حالة معينة واحدة, ويعتقد انها تنتج من عدة عوامل مثل : العوامل الجينية, ال | Tempromandibular disorders is a collective term, embracing several clinical problems involving the muscles of mastication, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), or both.Tempromandibular disorders is a symptom complex rather than a single condition, and it is thought to be caused by multiple factors like : genetic, developmental and metabolic.TMDs form a cluster of related disorders with common symptoms which include localized pain, limited or asymmetric movement, and clicks or grating on opening.Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory arthropathy that affects patients with psoriasis. Psoriatic arthritis is most commonly a seronegative oligoarthritis found in patients with psoriasis and therefore occurs more commonly in patients with tissue type HLA - B27. The clinical findings for Tempromandibular Psoriatic arthritis are pain, tenderness, limitation of movement , joint stiffness, clicking as the jaw is opened or closed, difficulty in opening the mouth, locking of the jaw,and crepitations. These findings are essentially the same as for Tempromandibular disorders.• Objective of the study : • To determine the extent of tempromandibular joint involvement in patients with psoriatic arthritis.• To correlate between clinical findings and radiographic finding.Materials and method : In this study 98 patients were selected ,50 male and 48 female, their age ranged between(18 - 68)years. They were collected at Al - yarmook teaching hospital/department of dermatology during the period from ( NOV 2014 - May 2015).They were diagnosed as having psoriatic arthritis by a dermatologist according to (Moll and Wright diagnostic criteria 1973).These patients were sent to rheumatoid factor test RF to exclude the presence of rheumatoid arthritic disease, then the patients were exposed to CT scanning for the Tempromandibular joint in Al - Yarmook teaching hospital for screening the involvement of TMJ with psoriatic arthritis by the presence of any radiographic changes such as erosion, flattening,osteophyte and sclerosis in the condylar head.Results : The result of the study showed that the mean age of psoriatic arthritic patients in TMJ was (44.2) years, and the female percentage was (48.4%) and the male was (51.6%). Psoriatic arthritis in TMJ showed high significance in the unilateral side symptoms (100%) it was significant in patients with positive family history (54.8%), and non significant in the right/left ratio (41.9%). Oligo type was found in twenty six patients (83.9%) with significant p - value. Clinically, all symptoms including clicking, tenderness and tempromadibular joint pain were highly significant, limitation showed (54.8%), TMJ pain showed (64.5%) and tenderness showed (54.8%).Radiologically : CT scan showed sensitivity for erosion in TMJ (54.8%), for osteophyte (32.3%), for condylar flattening (16.1%) and for sclerosis (9.7%) while specificity for all were (100%). Association between clinical symptoms and radiological changes showed non significant correlation. Conclusions : Psoriatic arthritis of TMJ has been found oftenly unilateral (oligo type). Female/ male ratio is about 1 : 1. nearly 50% of patients were having limitation in mouth opening. Most of the patients were having positive family history.The development of psoriatic arthritis in TMJ is related to the duration of the disease. Plaque psoriasis is the most associated type with the psoriatic arthritis in TMJ. Most of patients with psoriatic arthritis show psoriatic nail changes. The most radiographic findings found in patients with psoritic arthritis was erosion in the condylar head. There is association between clinical and radiologic findings for psoriatic arthritis in TMJ.

ضبط الحواف ومقاومة الكسر لاغلفة ال Ceramill Sintron المعدنية المصممة والمصنعة بالحاسوب مكسوة بثلاث انواع مختلفة من الخزف == Marginal Discrepancy And Fracture Resistance of CAD\CAM Ceramill Sintron Metal Copings With Different Porcelain Materials

Author name: مصطفى نبيل عبد الغني
Supervisor name: عمار عطا الله علي السعدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: دقة الحواف والقوة، لاي ترميم معوض للاسنان هي صفة مهمة. ويمكن اعتبارعدم تطابق للحواف او قلة القوة سبب مهم يؤدي الى فشل التعويضات الاصطناعية للاسنان.لذلك تم اجراء هذا البحث لغرض تقييم اختلاف ظبط حافات ومقاومة الكسر لتيجان السيراميك المصنعة من اغلفة الC | Marginal fit and strength are important criteria for any restoration; poor marginal fit and low strength may be considered as a source of prosthesis failure. This study was performed to compare the marginal fit changes and facture resistance of metal ceramic crowns constructed from Ceramill Sintron metal coping veneered with three different porcelain veneering materials (Vita Master Koromikos VMK, Willi Geller Creation CC and GC initial MC). Also evaluating the influence of thermocycling on load at fracture value. The method included the use of master brass die which was milled to represent the prepared maxillary central incisor. Sixty metal copings were milled directly using Ceramill Sintron blank, then divided randomly into three groups. Each group consist of twenty metal copings, then veneered with porcelain : VITA for group A, Creation for group B and GC for group C. The marginal gap was measured before and after porcelain veneering for each group using travelling light microscope, then marginal fit changes was calculated. Fracture resistance test was done by Instron®, the master die was duplicated to sixty analogs then each analog was fixed into acrylic base. After that each crown was cemented onto the corresponding die analog using zinc phosphate cement. Ten samples of each group were subjected to compressive loading to fracture and other ten subjected to thermocycling followed by compressive loading to fracture.The result showed that GC group was highly significant different from other tested groups in marginal fit changes, whereas there was no significant different between VITA and Creation group. While there was significant difference among tested group at (P < 0.01) in fracture resistance, and the effect of thermocycling process did not significantly reduce the load at fracture for all groups.This study concluded that GC group present the least marginal fit changes, while the fracture resistance was highest for VITA group follow by Creation then GC. Thermocycling reduce load at fracture but not significantly.

A Comparative Study To Evaluate Canal Transportation And Centering Ratio At Different Levels of Simulated Curved Canals Prepared By Irace, Protaper NEXT And Protaper Universal Files == A Comparative Study To Evaluate Canal Transportation And Centering Ratio At Different Levels of Simulated Curved Canals Prepared By Irace, Protaper NEXT And Protaper Universal Files

Author name: محمد علي فاضل
Supervisor name: Hikmet A. Sh. Al | Gharrawi
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تحضير قناة الجذر يشمل كلا من تشكيل وتوسيع المساحة اللبية بالاضافة الى تطهيرها من الجراثيم، من دون اي خطا اجرائي هو من اقصى درجات التفضيل. حديثا، في مجال تطبيقات حشوات الجذور، ادوات النيكل تيتانيوم اصبحت تستخدم بصورة شائعة لتنظيف وتشكيل قناة الجذر. ادوات ا | Root canal preparation includes both shaping and enlargement of the endodontic space in conjunction with its disinfection, without any procedural error is of the utmost preference. Recently, in endodontic practice, the nickel - titanium instruments are used commonly for the preparation of the root canal space. Nickel - titanium instruments are much more flexible than stainless steel files and have superior cutting efficiency. Super - elasticity of nickel - titanium rotary instruments allows the clinicians to produce the desirable tapered root canal form with a reduced tendency to canal transportation and instrument fracture. The target of this study was to measure and compare the canal transportation and centering ability of iRaCe and ProTaper NEXT nickel titanium instruments with ProTaper Universal instruments in simulated curved canals at different levels and compare canal transportation and centering ability among different levels for each tested instrument.Sixty simulated curved canals of 40°curvature were randomly divided into three groups of twenty canals each; the first group (group A) was prepared with iRaCe instruments, the second group (group B) was prepared with ProTaper NEXT instruments and the third group (group C) was prepared with ProTaper Universal instruments. The canals were prepared to an apical size 30 by crown - down instrumentation technique. Removal of material was measured at five different levels : at the canal orifice (O), half way to the orifice in the straight sections (HO); the beginning of the curve (BC); the crest of the curve (AC); the end point (EP). Pre - and post - operative photos of the simulated canals were taken in a standardized technique at magnification of 40X. An assessment of canals shape has been determined using Photoshop CC 2014 and AutoCAD 2014 software program. The data of canal transportation as well as centering ratio were analyzed statistically using Shapiro - Wilk, ANOVA and LSD tests.Within the limitation of this study, it is shown that canals preparation with the three designs of NiTi instruments produced canal transportation. However, the iRaCe instruments showed a significantly less canal transportation and a significantly better centering ability than both ProTaper NEXT and ProTaper Universal instruments at all levels of measurements, followed by ProTaper NEXT instruments that showed a significantly less canal transportation and significantly better centering ability at all levels when compared with ProTaper Universal, while the ProTaper Universal instruments showed the highest values of canal transportation and the worst ability to stay centered in the canals at all levels. Considering the direction of canal transportation, the iRaCe instruments showed minimal transportation towards inner aspect of canal at coronal and at the apex of curve and towards outer aspect of canal at middle, beginning of curve and at the end point of the preparation, while ProTaper NEXT instruments were showed transportation usually towards the inner aspect of the canal at middle part of the canal and towards the outer aspect at coronal, beginning of curve, apex of curve and at the endpoint of the preparation, while ProTaper Universal files were usually towards the inner aspect at middle part of the canal and towards the outer aspect at coronal, beginning of curve, apex of curve and at the endpoint of the preparation.

الانتشار والعلاقة بين اضطرابات المفصل الصدغي بين طلاب طب الاسنان على اساس معايير التشخيص والاجهاد والاضطرابات الفموية == Prevalence And Correlations Between Temporomandibular Disorders In Dental Students Based On Diagnostic Criteria (DC/TMD) , Parafunctions And Psychoemotional Stress

Author name: علا علي خلف
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اضطرابات المفصل الصدغي والاضطرابات الفموية يبدو انها مشكلة متكررة في المجتمعات الحديثة. ويرتبط الباثولوجيا السببية المفصل الصدغي الى العضلات، واقواس الاسنان، ودواعم الاسنان. وتشمل الاسباب الرئيسية على حد سواء العوامل الفيزيولوجية المرضية والنفسية وا | Bagkground : The temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral parafunctions seem to be a frequent problem in modern societies. The etiopathology of the temporomandibular joints is related to muscles, teeth arches, and periodontium. Their main causes involve both pathophysiological and psychosocial factors. In the literature, a significant impact of the psychoemotional factor is reported, comparable to the impact of other factors concerning physical health such as systemic diseases, malocclusions, loss of teeth, and traumas. Stress, fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and a fast pace of life affect negatively the human psyche.Aim of study : The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral parafunctions, as well as their correlation with psychoemotional factors among dental students by using diagnostic criteria (DC/TMD).Subjects, materials and methods : the sample’s size of 407 students (169 males and 238 females) of dental college (100 fifth stage , 102 fourth stage ,99 third stage and 106 second stage ). Firstly students subjected for stress questionnaire (perceived stress scale - 10) , secondly they subjected to different clinical and questionnaire measures according to diagnostic criteria of temporomandibular disorders DC/TMD (axis1) which have standerized series of diagnostic tests based on clinical signs and symptoms , finally the dental students subjected for oral parafunctions questionnaire using oral behavior checklist.Results : the results obtained from this study showed that the prevalence of TMDs was significantly greater among students with oral parafunctions. We also observed that the prevalence of TMDs according to DC/TMD was higher among students with headache.In this study, the prevalence of psycho - emotional stress , TMD according to DC/TMD and oral parafunctions were higher in females than males and in fifth stage greater than other stages.Conclusion : • the prevalence of TMDs according to DC/TMD were significantly higher among females than males.• Oral parafunctions ( bruxism , cheek/lips biting , objects biting and nail biting ) showed greater prevalence in fifth stages than others and higher in females than males • In all stages females showed greater prevalence of psycho - emotional stress than males and among students of fifth stage the prevalence of psycho - emotional stress was higher than other stages.

قوة الدفع الرابطة الى الخارج والتسرب القمي للمواد (MTA Plus, Biodentine and Bioceramic) بتقنية حشوة ثلث القمي للجذر : دراسة مختبرية == Push - Out Bond Strength And Apical Microleakage of (Mta Plus, Biodentine, And Bioceramic)As Apical Third Filling (An In Vitro Study)

Author name: عبير علي عباس
Supervisor name: جمال عزيز مهدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هده الدراسة المختبرية لتقيم قدرة ختم لثلاث مواد استعملت ( بتقنة حشوة ثلث القمي لقناة الجذر ) باستعمال اختبار قوة الربط الدفع الى الخارج ودراسة التسرب القمي.ستين جذر حلقي الاسنان العلوية ذو قناة مستقيمة ذات فتحة قمية مكتملة التكوين مختارة بعناية وفق | This study was conducted to evaluate the sealing ability of three materials used as apical third filling by using push - out bond strength test and apical microleakage study.Sixty straight palatal roots of freshly extracted maxillary first molars were selected. All teeth had mature apices, selected carefully according to specific criteria. The roots were instrumented using crown down technique with rotary Protaper universal system, instrumentation were done with 5ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite used as irrigation between files, 17% buffered solution of EDTA was used as final irrigant followed by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite then 10ml distilled water to remove any remnant of irrigant. Roots were randomly divided into three groups according to the filling materials used ( twenty roots for each group) : Group (1) : MTA Plus ( 4mm thickness) using as apical third filling. Group (2) : Biodentine (4mm thickness) using as apical third filling.Group (3) : Bioceramic root repair material (4mm thickness) using as apical third filling.Easy and Quick (E&Q) obturation system were used to complete obturation of roots. After incubation period at 37 °C for three days. Ten roots from each group were used for push - out test, after root were embedded in clear acrylic resin, sectioned at apical level in 2mm and 4mm from root apex to provide slice 2mm in thickness. The bond strength was measured using computerized universal testing machine, each section fixed in the machine so that the load applied from apical to coronal direction at 0.5mm/min speed and the computer drew curve to show the higher bond force before dislodgment of the filling material. These force were divided by surface area to obtain the bond strength in MPa.After debonding each sample was examined under Stereomicroscope and the type of failure mode was recorded. The result showed non significant different between Biodentine group and MTA Plus group. Biodentine group showed a very high significant difference with Bioceramic material group. Also high significant difference between MTA Plus group and Bioceramic material group. The Biodentine group showed highest mean of bond strength in comparison to other test group.Ten roots remain from each group used for apical microleakage study. The roots submerged in 2% methylene blue for three days. The roots were cleared and the degree of linear dye penetration was measured in millimeter by stereomicroscope under 40 X magnification with calibrated scale ocular grid. The result showed the Biodentine group lowest mean of microleakage than other group while Bioceramic material group showed high mean of microleakage than other groups. There are no significant difference among groups. There is positive correlation between push - out bond strength and an apical dye penetration in microleakage for each group of material.

فشل القشور الخزفية المصنوعه من السيراميك باستخدام تقنيات اللصق المختلفة : دراسة مقارنة مختبرية == Failures of Porcelain Laminate Veneers Using Different Techniques of Bonding (A Comparative In Vitro Study)

Author name: صفا عدنان كعيد
Supervisor name: عمار عطا الله علي السعدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Esthetic dentistry as a concept and adhesive materials development as a functional element make the new dawn of dentistry especially with the continuous development of adhesive techniques. This study is to evaluate the failure patterns of porcelain laminate veneers used to esthetically restore maxillary first premolar by bonding them to enamel and dentin with two different techniques.Forty eight extracted human maxillary first premolar were used for this study. Teeth were divided randomly into one control group and three experimental groups of twelve teeth eachGroup (A) were prepared in enamel (0.5 mm) depth of preparation. Group (B) were prepared in dentin (1 mm) depth of preparation and their veneers were bonded by DDS technique. Group (C) were prepared in dentin (1 mm) depth of preparation and their veneers were bonded by IDS technique. Standard preparation for each tooth in the experimental groups with ceramic veneer set burs especially designed for laminate veneer preparation. All the experimental groups were restored with the same type of veneer which was lithium disilicate ceramic CAD/CAM blocks (IPS e. max CAD, ivoclar vivadent) and were milled by CAD/CAM technology (CEREC inLab 4.02 milling system, Sirona).For all the experimental groups, Choice™2 veneer cement (Bisco, USA) was used for the luting of veneers. After cementation, teeth were stored in distilled water in 37°C for one week. The specimens were loaded to failure using instron universal testing machine. Specimens in experimental groups were examined by stereomicroscope at magnification of 20x to evaluate the mode of failure.Results were statistically analyzed and showed that the highest mean of failure load was recorded for the control group (548.1 N ± 93.2), for group (A) the mean of failure load was (393.4 N ± 84.2), and for Group (B) had the mean of failureAbstract IIIload was (237.8 N ± 91.6), and for group (C) the mean of failure load was (318 N ± 82.2).The one way ANOVA test was carried out and showed that there is a statistically high significant difference among the groups.Then the LSD test have shown that there is a statistically high significant difference between the control group and all three of the experimental groups, and there was a statistical high significant difference between group (A) and group (B), while group (C) have shown that there is a statistical significant difference with groups (A) and (B).The mode of failure varied from only debonding in groups (B and C) to deboning and fracture in group A.In conclusion, this study found that although enamel is still the most favorable tooth substrate for indirect adhesive restorations, the development of bonding techniques like IDS made dentin as acceptable tooth substrate for indirect adhesive restorations when it's unavoidable.

تقييم صحة الفم والبروتينات اللعابية لدى المرضى المصابين بمرض باركنسن == Assessment of The Oral Health And Saliva Proteins In Patients With Parkinsons Disease

Author name: صباح فرحان مشتت
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله | مروان صالح النمر
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder related to the loss or absence of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The deficits caused by PD result in slowness of movement, tremor, rigidity, and dysfunction of behavior and these symptoms negatively influence the patient’s capability to carry out the daily oral hygiene manoeuvres.Aims of study : This study aims at using saliva as a biological fluid for assessment in detecting the biomarkers of Parkinson's disease and to assess the impact of this disease on the oral health of patients.Materials and methods : A total number of fourty participants were involved in the study; twenty subjects who appeared healthy (Group I) and twenty Parkinson's patients (Group II). Patients who are eligible for this study were cases of Parkinson's disease treated with anti - Parkinson's medications, both genders and their ages ranged from 40 - 75 years. Specific information related to the demographic characteristics and illness is obtained from each patient. The Brain Bank Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson’s disease established by United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society was used. Each patient was subjected to oral examination during which DMF index was scored, oral health impact Profile OHIP - 14 was used and from each participant the whole unstimulated saliva was collected for biochemical analysis including total salivary protein, direct determination of saliva proteins and determination of ? - synuclein. Results : many oral and clinical signs and symptoms elsewhere in the body were reported in the patient with Parkinson's disease while the clinical features of Parkinson's disease observed in all patients despite of their treatment. Static tremor observed in 100%, rigidity in 70%, disturbances in the autonomic nervous system reflected on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, orthostatic dizziness observed in 75%, dry mouth in 65% difficulties in swallowing in 40% and constipation in 70%. Teeth examination revealed that Parkinson's patients have a non - significant high means of decay and missing teeth compared with healthy subjects. The total saliva protein in Parkinson's patients is significantly higher than the corresponding value of healthy subjects. The extinction coefficient of uncontaminated protein in Parkinson's patients is significantly less than the corresponding values of healthy subjects and salivary ? - synuclein level is significantly less in Parkinson's patients than healthy subjects.Conclusions : Salivary ? - synuclein may serves as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Specific protein with extinction coefficient 27.5 M.Cm - 1 is secreted in saliva of Parkinson's patients. The characteristic saliva protein produced in patients with Parkinson's disease is deficient in tyrosine level and Dental care is required for both groups (Parkinson's patients and healthy subjects).

الاستريتين الفموي مقابل غلوكونات الزنك عن طريق الفم : دراسة علاجية مقارنة وعبورية في علاج مرض بهجت == Oral Acitretin Versus Oral Zinc Gluconate As A Comparative Cross - Over Therapeutic Study In Treatment of Behcet,S Disease

Author name: سناء عبد الحميد حسين
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله | عادل عبد الغفور النعيمي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اساس البحث : مرض بهجت هو اضطراب جهازي حيث ان اسبابه المرضيه ليست محدده جيده.المظاهر الاكثر شيوعا هي الاغشيه المخاطيه الجلديه ولكن يمكن ان يشمل العين, انظمة القلب,الاوعيه الدمويه والجهاز العصبي. هناك العديد من طرائق المعالجه الموضعيه والجهازيه. تمت محاول | Background : Behcet’s disease is a systemic disorder where its etiopathogenesis is not well determined. The commonest manifestations are muccocutaneous but can involve eye, cardiovascular and neurological systems. There are many modalities of therapy topical and systemic.Isotretinion has been tried as an effective therapy of muccocutaneous manifestations. In present work was to try a new retinoid like acitretin which has longer half life than isotretinoin.Aims of the study : To evaluate the effectiveness of oral acitretin versus oral zinc gluconate in the treatment and prophylaxis of Behcet’s disease as a new therapeutic model.Materials and methods : This cross over controlled therapeutic study that conducted in the Department of Dermatology - Baghdad Teaching Hospital the period from August 2013 - May 2014.Twenty patients with fulfilled criteria of Behcets’s disease was included in this work. History and full examination were done for all patients regarding all demo - garaphic points related to the disease. They were given acitretin 25 mg orally once daily for three months to be seen on the day fourteenth firstly and then monthly to be assessed depending on the clinical manifestation index for Behcets disease. After three months, acitretin was stopped and patients were given zinc gluconate 25 mg twice daily for another three months. Results : Twenty patients were treated 12 males (60%), and 8 females (40%), with male to female ratio 1.5 : 1. All these patients completed the study and their ages ranged between 20 - 59 years with mean± SD (37.3±12.3). Pathergy both ordinary and oral were also minimized by this therapy while C - reactive protein was not much effective by this therapy. Zinc gluconate also had the same therapeutic action against these manifestations. Clinical manifestations index before treatment ranged between 1 and 11 with mean ± SD of 5.65±1.98.After acitretin therapy the mean of CMI started to decline to reach 2.65 ±2.03 in first month of the therapy with (p=0.00001) which was statistically high significant and continued high significant till the end of the third month with (p - value > 0.000001). After cessation of acitretin and zinc gluconate started the mean continued to decrease to reach 2.05±2.52 at the end of the first month with (p=<0.000001) which was statistically high significant then; started to increase to reach 3.3 ±2.31 at the end of six month of the therapy but statistically remained high significant (p - value=0.0007). Both acitretin and zinc gluconate have statistically significant effect in reducing severity and frequency of oral ulcers, genital ulcers, skin and rheumatologic manifestations. Conclusions : oral acitretin was found to be an effective therapy in addition to its prophylactic action in treatment of muccocutaneous manifestations of Behcet,s disease. Also zinc gluconate had effective therapeutic action against these features of Behcet’s disease.

تاثــير مستوى الاسترادايول والبروجستيرون في اللعاب على حالة صحة الفم عند النساء اثناء الحمل == Effects of Salivary Level of Estradiol And Progesterone On Oral Health Status In Women During Pregnancy

Author name: زينة كامل كاظم
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الحمل هو حالة فسيولوجية تجلب مجموعة واسعة من التغييرات في حياة المراة، بما في ذلك التعرض لامراض اللثة، ربما بسبب التغيرات الهرمونية المرتبطة مع الحمل. قد تؤثر الهرمونات الجنسية على اغشية الفم واللثة وربما هذا يؤدي الى العديد من الامراض اللثوية. ان هرمونا | Pregnancy is a physiological state that brings a wide range of changes in a woman’s life, including a susceptibility to gingival disease, probably due to hormonal changes associated with pregnancy. These female sex hormones may modify the oral mucosa and may lead to various degrees of gingival inflammation. The hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy may be associated with pregnancy gingivitis and gingival bleeding. Sex hormones are specific regulatory molecules have long been considered to play an influential role on periodontal tissues especially gingiva, bone turnover rate, wound healing and periodontal disease progression. Aims of the study1. Assessment of oral hygiene level and dental status in both second and third trimester pregnant women and compares results.2. Assessment salivary hormonal levels of endogenous female sex steroids in both second and third trimester pregnant women and compares results.3. Comparison of oral health status and endogenous female sex steroids salivary hormonal levels between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of both second and third trimester pregnant women groups.4. Find out the association between the gingival health status and salivary hormonal levels of endogenous female sex steroids (Estradiol and progesterone).Materials and methods This study was carried out on seventy - eight pregnant women who were attended for routine and regular follow up visits in obstetrics and gynecology department at Al - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, from February 2013 to July 2013. This study was approved by the scientific committee in the department of oral medicine college of dentistry Al - Mustansiriya University. They were divided according to gestational age in to second trimester group and third trimester group. Fifty pregnant women (age range 18 - 38 years) and at gestational age was ranged between (20 - 27 weeks) were recruited as 2nd trimester group and Twenty - eight pregnant women (age range 18 - 39 years) at gestational age ranged between (28 - 33 weeks) were recruited as 3rd trimester group and according to Loe and Silness gingival index these two groups subdivided into gingivitis and non - gingivitis groups. Oral clinical examination including an assessment of gingival inflammation (Loe and Silness Gingival Index), Plaque amount (Silness and Loe Plaque Index), dental status (Decayed Missing Filling Teeth), and salivary flow rate (SFR) had also been done. Samples of whole unstimulated (resting) saliva were collected from all participants then investigated for sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Estradiol, Progesterone. Results and discussion Oral health measurements including : GI, PLI, SFR and DMFT showed no significant difference between 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester groups. Sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Progesterone showed a significant difference with higher mean value in 3rd trimester pregnant women than 2nd trimester pregnant women while sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Estradiol showed no significant difference between two groups. Comparisons between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of 2nd trimester pregnant women group showed that there was highly significant difference in SFR with higher mean value in non - gingivitis group, and there was highly significant difference in PLI with higher mean value in gingivitis group, DMFT showed non - significant difference between the subgroups and (Estradiol and progesterone) salivary hormonal levels showed highly significant difference with higher mean values in gingivitis group. Comparisons between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of 3rd trimester pregnant women group showed that there was a non - significant difference in SFR, DMFT and a highly significant difference in PLI with higher mean value in gingivitis group, while progesterone salivary hormonal levels showed non - significant difference and Estradiol salivary hormonal levels showed a highly significant difference with higher mean value in gingivitis group. Comparison of GI between gingivitis groups of both 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnant women showed that there was a significant difference with higher mean value in 3rd trimester. Estradiol and progesterone salivary hormonal levels were non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis and non - gingivitis group of 2nd trimester pregnant women. Progesterone salivary hormonal level was non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis and non - gingivitis group of 3rd trimester pregnant women while Estradiol salivary hormonal level was non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for non - gingivitis group and significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis group. GI and PLI for gingivitis groups of both 2nd and 3rd trimester revealed that there was a highly significant correlation.Conclusions Female Sex steroids hormones (Estradiol and Progesterone) salivary hormonal levels significantly increase from the second to the third trimester especially Estradiol and Play an important role in influencing gingival inflammation during pregnancy. These hormones are neither necessary nor sufficient to produce gingival changes by themselves. However, they may alter periodontal tissue responses to microbial plaque and thus indirectly contribute to gingivitis. Dental status in pregnant women is not significantly different between 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnant women groups. Women should be offered training in good oral hygiene habits, and community awareness programs should be conducted to increase their awareness of the crucial importance of such habits especially during pregnancy

قياس قوة الدفع للخارج لحشوات الجذور GuttaFlow 2 , Thermafil وGuttaCore : دراسة مختبرية == Push Out Bond Strength of Guttaflow 2, Thermafil, And Guttacore Obturation Materials (An In Vitro Study)

Author name: حيدر طالب فاضل
Supervisor name: جمال عزيز مهدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسه المختبرية لقياس قوة ارتباط لثلاثه مواد مختلفة لحشوات قنوات الجذور باستخدام قوة الدفع للخارج.ثلاثون جذر حلقي مستقيم من الاسنان العلوية الخلفية استخدمت في هذه الدراسه وهذه الاسنان تم تحضيرها بتقنيه التاج السفلي باستخدام نظام المبارد الد | This in vitro study was carried out to investigate the push out bond strength of three different obturation materials GuttaFlow 2, Thermafil and GuttaCore at different levels.Thirty extracted upper molars were collected and the platal roots were sectioned at the CEJ of the tooth. The platal roots were instrumented with Hyflex CM rotary files to the size of 40/0.06.The instrumented samples were divided into three groups of ten samples each, the first group were obturated with GuttaFlow 2, the second group were obturated with Thermafil and the third group were obturated with GuttaCore obturating materials.After an incubation period of 7 days, each sample were sectioned into three sections of 2 mm thickness (apical, middle, coronal), each slice then introduced to the push out testing using a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The result of this study showed Push - out bond strengths were significantly higher when canals were filled with GuttaCore than those filled with Thermafil and GuttaFlow 2. And Thermafil showed a higher significant difference than the GuttaFlow 2. It also showed that the bond strength values decreased from the coronal to the apical direction.In conclusion, the thermoplasticized gutta - percha appears to achieve higher push out bond strength values than the cold flowable gutta - percha. With GuttaCore showed higher push out bond values than Thermafil.

التاثيرات الدوائية لمادة - كاپا كراجينان - في مهنية طب الاسنان : دراسات داخل وخارج الانبوب == The Pharmacological Effects of Kappa Carrageenan In Dental Practice : An In Vitro And In Vivo Studies

Author name: اسيل جاسم علي
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله | مروان صالح النمر
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: كاراجينان هومركب يحتوي على پولي كلايكان الكبريتي وهو مستخلص من الطحلب الاحمر. الكراجين بطبيعته الغروية المائية يمتلك خواص هلامية,مثخنة ومستحلبة تسمح باستخدامه بكثرة في الصناعات الغذائية,مستحضرات الصحة الفموية والكماليات.وبسبب مركباته الحياتية الفعالة فقد

Evaluation of the Involvement of the Tempromandibular Joint in Patients with Osteoarthritis and the Accuracy of Ultrasonography as Compared to Computed tomography for Detection of Osteoarthritic Changes.

Author name: احمد عادل عثمان
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية البحث : اضطرابات المفصل الفكي الصدغي تشير الى مصطلح مركب يحتوي على عدة حالات تتضمن المفصل الصدغي ,التركيبات المحيطة او كلاهما , تظهر على شكل الم في منطقة المفصل والعضلات المرتبطة,وتحدد بالقدرة على الحركة الطبيعية مثل المضغ, الكلام والبلع. مرض التهاب | Tempromandibular joint disorders is a collective term embracing a number of conditions affecting the TMJ, the surrounding structures or both,manifested by pain in the area of joint and associated muscles, and limitation in the ability to make normal movement like mastication,speech and swallowing. Osteoarthritis is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Symptoms may include joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, locking, and sometimes an effusion. A variety of causes—hereditary, developmental, metabolic, and mechanical deficits may initiate processes leading to loss of cartilage. When bone surfaces become less well protected by cartilage, bone may be exposed and damaged. As a result of decreased movement secondary to pain, regional muscles may undergo atrophy, and ligaments may become more lax.Objective of the study : • To determine the extent of tempromandibular joint involvement in patients with osteoarthritis.• To evaluate the correlation between clinical and radiographical findings. • To evaluate the accuracy of sonography in detection of osteoarthritic changes compared to Computed tomography.Materials and method : A comparative study had been done using thirty six symptomatic patients(24 female and 12 male) above 40 years diagnosed as osteoarthritis by specialist rheumatologist in Alkarkh general hospital, with clinical finding related to osteoarthritis like pain,tenderness,crepitation, clicking and limited mouth opening. these patients were exposed to computed tomography(CT) scan (Philips - Brilliance 64) in Al - Karkh general hospital and then the results were compared with sonographic findings (Philips 12.5 MHz transducer) to see the disc displacement, effusion, erosion, flattening, osteolytic and osteophytic lesions in the condylar head.The period of the study started from (october - 2013 to june - 2014).Results : The result of the study showed that the mean age of osteoarthritic patients was (49.69) years, and female percentage (66.7%) and male(33.3%). Chief complaine showed more predilection in the left side (28%) and bilateral showed(56%).Clinically : limitation in mouth opening (50%),crepitation(36.11%), clicking (27.7%), and tenderness (20.8%). Radiographically Computed tomography(CT) scan showed disc displacement (50%), joint effusion (37.5%), flattening(36.11%), osteophyte(18,05%), and erosion(11.1%). There was significant correlation between clicking and joint effusion in computed tomography(CT),while tenderness showed significant correlation with osteophyte and joint effusion in sonography. Other correlations were non significant correlation between clinical and radiological changes. Association between computed tomography(CT) and sonography showed fair agreement in osteophyte detection,fair agreement in joint effusion,moderate agreement in detection of joint erosion,moderate agreement in reduction of space and anterior disc displacement and also moderate agreement in condylar head flattening. Conclusions : Osteoarthritis in tempromandibular joint may be unilateral or bilateral. About 50% of Patients with osteoarthritis have limitation in mouth opening. Clinical findings play a major role in diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The tempromandibular joint changes in osteoarthritis were the results of degenerative processes, in contrast to rheumatoid arthritis were the changes as a result of the disease. Sonography was more likely to be sensitive rather than specific in detection of osteoarthritic changes

حدوث وشدة الالم بعد استخدام ثلاثة انظمة مختلفة لتحضير قنوات الجذور == Incidence And Severity of Pain Following The Usage of Three Different Root Canal Instrumentation Systems

Author name: احمد حمد عبيد
Supervisor name: جمال عزيز مهدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Postoperative pain after endodontic procedures is an undesirable occurrence for both patients and clinicians. Certain factors may predispose to the development of postoperative pain. Knowledge of the causes and mechanisms behind interappointment pain in endodontics is of utmost importance for the clinician to properly prevent or manage this undesirable condition. The causative factors of interappointment pain encompass mechanical, chemical, and microbial injuries to the pulp or periradicular tissues, which are induced or exacerbated during root canal treatment. Ninety patients were recruited and included in this study out of one hundred and twenty patients, those patients requiring endodontic treatment on their permanent upper or lower molar teeth with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis preoperatively, access opening and instrumentation was performed at the same visit.Patients ranged in age from 19 to 50 years old, and all were in good health, as determined from a written health history and oral interview.The patients were assigned randomly into three groups of 30 patients each : ? First group (n=30) : Teeth were instrumented using Universal ProTaper System (Full Rotary technique).? Second group (n=30) : Teeth were instrumented using ProTaper Next System (Full Rotary technique).? Third group (n=30) : Teeth were instrumented using WaveOne System (Reciprocating technique).Pain assessment carried out at day 1, 2, 3 & 7 using Verbal Rating Scale (4 - Point Scale). Patients recorded the incidence and severity of pain experienced.Patients were called at 24, 48 and 72 hours to obtain their reports for the first three days. Seven days after treatment their records were reviewed and percussion test was performed. Result showed that all groups induced Post - operative Pain, the difference is some systems cause more Post - Operative pain than other do : group 3 (WaveOne group) showed higher incidence and severity of PostoperativePain, followed by group 1 (Universal ProTaper group) that has shown less incidence and severity of Post - operative Pain than group 3 (WaveOne group), last group which it was group 2 (ProTaper Next group) has shown the lowest incidence and severity of Post - operative Pain. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Chi Square test, total score for Verbal Rating Scale at day 1, 2, 3, and 7 showed that there was a highly significant differences between ProTaper Next group and other twogroups (P ? 0.001), and non - significant differences between ProTaper group and WaveOne group (P ? 0.05).

تقدير الظواهر الفمويه والعوامل المناعيه في اللعاب عند مرضى سرطان الغدد اللمفاويه قبل وبعد العلاج الكيميائي == Assessment of Oral Manifestations And Salivary Immunological Markers In Patients With Lymphoma Before And After Receiving Chemotherapy

Author name: محمد حسن عبد الشهید
Supervisor name: فواز داوود الاسود
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Lymphomas are group of diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes that accumulate in lymph nodes and caused the characteristics lymphadenopathy.Occasionally, they may spill over into blood or infiltrate organs outside the lymphoid tissue The major subdivision of lymphomas is into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non - Hodgkin's lymphoma and this is based on the histologicpresence of Reed - Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Aims of the study : The aims of this study were to determine the percentage of oral manifestations and identify the levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interluekin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor - ? in lymphoma patients before the treatment and after receiving three cycles of chemotherapy in comparison with healthy control individuals.Subjects, materials and methods : The study included 25 patients( 15 male and 10 female ) with non - Hodgkin's lymphoma (B - cell type), 25 patients( 16 male and 9 female ) with Hodgkin's lymphoma and 25 ( 15 male and 10 female ) healthy control group with no signs and symptoms of any systemic disease and age, sex match with patient groups.Those patients were examined pre and post chemotherapy to see the oral manifestations and compared with healthy control group. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected to determine the level of salivaryimmunological markers which measured by Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay.IVResults : The percentage of oral manifestations was taste alteration in non - Hodgkin's lymphoma patients ( 36% ) and in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients ( 16% ) , followed by burning mouth syndrome ( 20% ) in non - Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and ( 16% ) in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and lastly dry mouth was ( 12% ) in both non - Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma groups. In the present study there was no oral manifestations in both study groups before starting chemotherapy, and the mentioned oral manifestations incident after receiving chemotherapy regimens. The levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interluekin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor - ? were significantly higher in pre - treatment patients in comparison with control group, and there was a significant decrease after chemotherapy treatment when compared to their base line levels in both study groups.Conclusions : The most frequent oral manifestations in lymphoma patients was taste alteration followed by burning mouth syndrome and dry mouth , and male patients affected more than females.The salivary immunological markers levels were higher in lymphomapatients than control, then these markers showed obvious decrease in patients after chemotherapy treatment

تاثير مستخلصات الشاي الاخضر على مسببات امراض انسجة الاسنان الرابطة (بكتريا البورفايروموناس اللثوية وبكتريا اجريجاتيباكتر اكتينومايستيمكومتانس) : دراسة مختبرية == Antibacterial Effects of Green Tea Extracts On Periodontal Pathogens (Aggregatibacter Ctinomycetemcomitans And Porphyromonas Gingivalis) (In Vitro Study)

Author name: ميس جمال مجيد
Supervisor name: سيف سهام سليم
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Around the Teeth Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Department Of Periodontics And Peridontics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المقدمة : الشاي الاخضرهو واحد من المشروبات العلاجية القديمة والشعبية المستهلكة في جميع انحاء العالم، وهو مشتق من ورقة للنبات "كاميليا سينينسيس", يمكن ان يحضر كمشروب، والذي يمكن ان يكون له العديد من الاثار الصحية الشاملة او "مستخلص" يمكن الحصول عليه من الاو | Background : Green Tea is one of the most ancient and popular therapeutic beverages consumed around the world, it is made from the leaf of the plant “Camellia sinensis”. It can be prepared as a drink, which can have many systemic health effects or an “extract” which can be made from the leaves to be used as medicine. Green tea is reported to contain thousands of bioactive ingredients including catechins, catechins found in the tea have shown promise for having antimicrobial effects.Aim of study : to test the effect of green tea extracts on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in comparison to 0.2% chlorohexidine gluconate and distilled water in vitro.Materials and Methods : plaque samples were collected from 20 patients with no signs of any systemic disease suffering from chronic periodontitis with probing pocket depth of at least 6 mm, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were isolated and diagnosed according to morphological characteristic and biochemical test. Green tea leaves were extracted by using water and alcohol. This study involved two experiments in vitro concerning the effects of green tea extracts on these bacteria in addition to analysis of the extracts to determine the concentrations of the catechins in each extract. The first experiments involved testing the sensitivity of A.a and P.g to different concentrations of the extracts in addition to chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and distilled water using agar well diffusion method, the second experiment involved determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts that inhibits the bacterial growth and then determination of the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract that was requires to kill the bacteria. The present study also involved laboratory analysis of green tea extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results : Both green tea extracts were effective in inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using agar well diffusion method, 90% and 100% concentrations of alcoholic extract showed larger inhibition zones than chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% with statistically significant difference, CHX showed higher inhibition zones than all aqueous extract concentrations.The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of alcoholic green tea extract that inhibit Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 60% and it was the same for Porphyromonous gingivalis.The MIC of aqueous green tea extract that inhibits Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 70% and MIC of aqueous green tea extract extract that inhibits Porphyromonous gingivalis was 80%.The MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) of alcoholic green tea extract that kills Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was 80%, the MBC of alcoholic green tea extract that kills Porphyromonous gingivalis was 90%, the MBC of aqueous green tea extract that kills Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 90%, which was also the same for Porphyromonous gingivalis.HPLC analysis of aqueous and alcoholic green tea extracts that were used in this study revealed that alcoholic extract contained higher concentration of EGCG while aqueous extract had higher content of catechin and epicatechin.Conclusion : green tea extracts were effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, alcoholic green tea extract showed inhibition ability more than the aqueous green tea extract and more than chlorhexidine gluconate and it showed bactericidal activity at 80%, 90% and 100% concentrations.

الطريقة السريرية للتنبؤ بكثافة العظام السخية في المنطقة الواقعة بين الضاحك الثاني والطاحن الاول في البالغين العراقيين اصحاب الاطباق الطبيعي == Clinical Method For Prediction of Alveolar Bone Mineral Density In The Area Between The 2Nd Premolar And 1St Molar In Iraqi Adults With Class I Occlusion

Author name: مها علي حسن الجبوري
Supervisor name: هديل علي حسين الهاشمي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Orthodontic mini - implants are increasingly used in orthodontics and the bone density is a very important factor in stabilization and success of mini - implant.The aim of this study was to observe the relationship among maximum bite force; body mass index; face width, height; masseter muscle length, width and thickness; and bone density in an attempt to predict bone density from these variables to eliminate the need for CT scan which have a hazard on patient.Computed tomographic images were obtained for 70 patients (24 males and 46 females) with age range 18 - 30 years. The cortical and cancellous bone density was measured between maxillary and mandibular 2nd premolar and 1st molar at two levels from the alveolar crest (3 and 6 mm). Face height and width and masseter muscle length, width and thickness were measured from CT. Clinically; Maximum bite force was measured on first molar region unilaterally by a digital device. The sample was divided into two groups according to the body mass index into; normal and overweight.The results that were obtained showed that there were no significant differences in bone density or maximum bite force in both genders. Only the cortical bone density in maxilla in overweight group tended to be higher than normal body mass index group. The face width and height correlated significantly negatively with or maximum bite force which correlated significantly positively with cortical bone density and masseter muscle width.It was concluded that a prediction of cortical bone density of preselected areas can be made from maximum bite force, body mass index and inter - zygomatic width

التقييم النسيجي والميكانيكي للتكامل العظمي لزرعات التتانيوم بعد تحرير تصميم الجزء المسنن من الزراعة او طلائها بمادة بذور الكتان : دراسة تجريبية على الارانب == Histological And Mechanical Evaluation of The Osseointegration of Titanium Implants By The Modification of Thread Design And/Or Coating With Flaxseed (An Experimental Study On Rabbits)

Author name: مصطفى هادي جواد
Supervisor name: عذراء يحيى الحجازي | نبيل كاظم عبد الصاحب
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral Histology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Dental implant surface technologies have been evolving rapidly to enhance a more rapid bone formation on their surface and hold a potential to increase the predictability of expedited implant therapy.Numerous surface modification approaches have been developed for all classes of dental implants to modulate biological responses and improve the osseointegration and primary stability. Hence, Implant threads should be designed to maximize the delivery of optimal favorable stresses while minimizing the amount of extreme adverse stresses to the bone implant interface. In addition, using of biomaterial coating of implant surface for the enhancement of bone formation has been achieved through the modulation of osteoblasts adhesion and spreading that induced better stability and more implant surface contact area.The aims of the study are : 1. Evaluation of titanium implant osseointegration by the modification of thread design and I or coating its surface by Flaxseed.2. Evaluate the new surface modification of titanium implant, histologically, mechanically and radiographically.Materials and methods : One hundred and twenty eight commercially pure titanium (CpTi) screws were implanted in rabbit tibiae. Implants were divided as follows : 1. Dual - threaded group (32 implants). 2. Single - threaded coated with grinded flaxseed group (32 implants).3. Single - threaded with central groove (32 implants).4. Single - threaded (control) group (32 implants).Histological, mechanical and radiographical analysis were performed for all implants after each healing periods (2,4,6 and 8) weeks.Results : 1. Dual - threaded implant illustrated the highest mean value in thread width and removal torque, and it showed mature bone at 8 weeks.2. Grooved implant illustrated close opposing threads. 3. Coated implant illustrated highest mean value in osteoblast cell count and showed a proliferating cartilage zone that later on degenerated and replaced by bone.Conclusion : The present results conclude that each modified implants shows a different benefits whether a modification of the implant surface mechanically (dual or grooved thread) or by coating the implants with Flaxseed.

الظهور الكيميائي النسيجي المناعي للاوستيوكالسين، OC عاملا لنمو المحول بيتا واحد TGF - B1 وبروتين الشكل العظمي سبعة BMP - 7 في خلل التنسج الليفي والورم الليفي المعظم في عظام الفك : دراسة مقارنة == Immunohistochemicalexpression of Osteocalcin, Transforming Growth Factor Beta - 1And Bone Morphogenetic Protein - 7 In Fibrous Dysplasia And Ossifying Fibroma of The Jaw Bones Acomparative Study

Author name: فرح غسان ابراهیم
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Fibrous Dysplasia & Ossifying Fibroma of the jawsare maxillofacial fibroosseous lesions sharing anoverlapping clinicopathological characteristics. This can be diagnostically challenging for pathologists& surgeons. It is important to make the distinction because of differences in their clinical behavior, modes of treatment and prognosis.Osteocalcin is an immunohistochemicalmarker; secreted by osteoblasts and its high serum levelsare correlated with increased bone mineraldensity. It is therefore, used as biomarker for boneformation process and also has a role in regulationof osteoblast function.Transforming growth factor beta - 1 is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth which will either stimulate or inhibit proliferation of mesenchymal cells depending on the presence of other growth factors. It is secreted by osteoblasts and is very abundant in bone matrix. Bone morphogenetic protein - 7is a member of transforming growth factor - b superfamily; it is widely expressed during embryonic growth, and is an essential morphogen in renal, skeletal, and eye development.Aims of the study : This study aimedto evaluate and compare the Immunohistochemical expression ofosteocalcin, transforming growth factor beta - 1 andbone morphogenetic protein - 7in the pathogenesis of Fibrous dysplasia and Ossifying fibroma of the jaw bones,correlate the expression of the aforementioned markers in these lesions.Analyze theimmunohistochemical expression ofosteocalcin, Transforming growth factor beta - 1 & bone morphogenetic protein - 7 inFibrous dysplasia & Ossifying fibroma, in order to assess its potential role in differentiation between these two disease entities.Materials&Methods : A total of 30 retrospective formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue blocks were included in this study, 15 were diagnosed asFibrous dysplasia of the jaws and 15 were ofOssifying fibroma of the jaws. Animmunohistochemicalstaining method using ofosteocalcin,transforming growthfactor beta - 1 andbone morphogenetic protein - 7 monoclonal antibodies were performed.Results : The results revealed that the majority of cases (73.33%) were females for each Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma. the age range was (8 - 35)years for Fibrous dysplasia and (7 - 50)years forOssifying fibroma. For Fibrous dysplasia most cases presented in maxilla (66.76%) while for Ossifying fibroma most of the cases presented in mandible (73.33), with more predominant Fibrous dysplasia cases in molar area (60%) and more presented Ossifying fibroma cases in premolar & molar area (33.33%). Statistically significant difference was found between Fibrous dysplasia&Ossifying fibroma cases regarding jaws & site distribution (P=0.02&0.04) respectively.Osteocalcin positive immunohistochemicalexpression was found in fibroblast - like cells in 4 cases(26.66%) of Fibrous dysplasia and in 7 cases (46.67%) of Ossifying fibroma, according to Chi - square test the result showed statistically significant difference regarding osteocalcin expression in Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma (P=0.04). Transforming growth factor beta - 1 was positivelyexpressed in 8cases (53.3%) of Fibrous dysplasiaand 10 cases (66.67%) of Ossifying fibroma. Bone morphogenetic protein - 7showed positive expression in 2 cases (13.3%) of Fibrous dysplasia and 4 cases (26.7%) ofossifying fibroma.Statistically non - significant difference regarding the immunohistochemicalexpression of transforming growth factor beta - 1 and bone morphogenetic protein - 7in Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma. Moreover significant correlation was found regardingtransforming growth factor beta - 1 expression in response to bone morphogenetic protein - 7in Fibrous dysplasia (P=0.03)and osteocalcin expression in response totransforming growth factor beta - 1 in Ossifying fibroma (P=0.01).Conclusions : Transforming growth factor beta - 1 expressin the majority of Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma cases indicate its important role in the process of osteogenesis. The significant correlation seen regarding the expression of some of the studied markers with each other suggest their cooperative role in the pathogenesis of Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma

الظواهر الفمية، مؤشرات عامل الغلوبولين المناعي اللعابي A، الانترلوكين واحد بيتا وعامل تنخر الورم الفا في لعاب مرضى - الكلى المزمن الخاضعين للغسل الكلوي في محافظة ميسان == Oral Findings, Salivary IgA, Interlukin - 1 Beta And Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Markers In Saliva of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis In Missan Governorate

Author name: فارس عبد حاتم
Supervisor name: زاهدة جاسم محمد
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease refers to an irreversible deterioration in renal function which classically develops over a period of years, the ageing of populations along with the growing prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension is leading to worldwide increase in the number of chronic kidney disease patients, the patients suffering from chronic renal failure face oral health related problems because it affects the bone and soft tissue structures.During hemodialysis, blood contact with a foreign surface, such as a complement - activating dialytic membrane, promotes a variety of complex and interrelated events, leading to an acute inflammatory response.Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling, they are released by cells and affect the behavior of other cells, they are important in health and disease, specifically in host responses to infection, immune responses, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer and reproduction.Aims of study : The aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral findings, salivary flow rate and evaluation of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis treatment in comparison with healthy control, and investigate if there is a relation between these salivary parameters (salivary flow rate, salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels) in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis (less and more than one year) and finally find the correlation between salivary parameters in patients group.Methods : Ninety (90) subjects were participated in this study, they were divided into two groups : Patients group comprised of 45 subjects undergoing hemodialysis with chronic kidney diseases; Control group comprised of 45 subjects with no history of any systemic diseases.Intra oral examination was done for each individual to record the prevalence of oral findings in chronic kidney diseases patients. Saliva collected was measured and levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa).Results : The most frequent oral findings in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis, in this study were dry mouth (77.7%), uremic breath (bad odor) (55.5%) , taste alteration (55.5%), angular chelitis (35.5%), mucosal pallor (26.6%), burning mouth syndrome (28.8%), staining of teeth (26.6%), oral ulceration (11.1%) and petechia and ecchymosis (2.2%), and the present study showed that no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found in oral findings distribution except angular chelitis which showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis for less than one year & for more than one year. According to salivary flow rate, the present study found that there was a significant difference in patients with chronic kidney disease in comparison to healthy control subjects, also statistically there was no significant difference in salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? and salivary flow rate) in chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis for less than one year & for more than one year. The present study showed that there was no correlation between salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? and salivary flow rate) except salivary immunoglobulin A and interleukin - 1? showed positive significant linear correlation (r=0.368, p=0.006) and negative significant linear correlation between salivary immunoglobulin A and salivary flow rate (r= - 0.275, p=0.009).Conclusions : Cytokines may play roles in pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases represented by increasing interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels in saliva of those patients, the chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis recommended comprehensive professional oral care and self - care instructions

العلامات الالتهابية اللعابية وعلاقتها بحالة الفم الصحية بين مجموعة من الصبيان الذين يعانون من السمنة بعمر 21 سنة == Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers In Relation To Oral Health Status Among Obese Boys Aged 12 Years

Author name: عاتكة رسول عزيز
Supervisor name: احلام طه محمد
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Preventive Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Worldwide, obesity trends are causing serious public health concerns and significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. It has an effect on the person`s general health including the oral health. Aims of the study : This study was designed to investigate the oral health status among a group of obese boys in relation to salivary inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin - 6 and Creactive protein) and selected salivary elements.Materials and methods : The study group consists of forty obese boy of an age 12 year, and forty normal weighted boy of the same age as a control group. Assessment of nutritional status was done by using Body Mass Index specific for age and gender. Dental caries severity was recorded by using the index of Muhlemann (1976). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964) was used for plaque assessment, calculus component of periodontal disease index of Ramfjord (1959) was used for calculus assessment and gingival condition assessed according to gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963). Unstimulated salivary samples were collected under standardized condition, salivary flow rate was determined and then the salivary samples chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of salivary interleukine - 6, Creactive protein, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.Results : Caries experience of permanent dentition (DMFS) among study group was lower than that among control group with significant difference (P<0.05) for D2, while caries experience of primary dentition (dmfs) was significantly (P<0.05) lower among study group compared with control group with significant difference (P<0.05) for ds and highly significant difference (P<0.01) for d4.Salivary flow rate was lower among study group compared with control group with no significant difference. No significant correlations (P>0.05) were recorded between salivary flow rate and dental caries, oral cleanliness and gingivalhealth conditions among both groups. The mean value of plaque, calculus and gingival indices were not significantly lower among study group compared with control group. A positive highly significant correlations (P<0.01) were recorded between gingival and plaqueindices among both groups. The level of salivary interleukin - 6 (pg/ml) was higher among study group compared with control group with no significant difference between them; whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding C - reactive protein (?g/ml) level. Salivary calcium and magnesium levels (mg/dl) were highly significantly (P<0.01) lower among study group compared with control group, whereas salivary phosphorus level (mg/dl) was not significantly higher among study group compared with control group. Salivary interleukin - 6 and C - reactive protein were negatively correlated with dental caries of both dentitions among study group with significant correlation (P<0.05) between IL - 6 and D2, while they were correlated positively with dental caries of both dentitions among control group with highly significant correlation (P<0.01) between IL - 6 and D3 and significant correlation (P<0.05) between IL - 6 and d4. Salivary calcium was correlated positively highly significantly (P<0.01) withDMFS and significantly (P<0.05) with D4 among control group. Salivary magnesium was correlated positively significantly (P<0.05) with DMFS and D2 among study group; also it was correlated negatively highly significantly (P<0.01) with d3 amongcontrol group. Salivary phosphorus was correlated significantly (P<0.05) in positive direction with d3 among study group; also it was correlated highly significantly (P<0.01) in negative direction with DMFS and significantly (P<0.05) in positivedirection with d3 among control group.

اثر التطبيق الموضعي من الكركمين مسحوق وزيت اساسي على التئام جروح الجلد : دراسة نسيجية وكيميائية نسيجية مناعية في الارانب == Evaluation The Effect of Topical Application of Curcumin Powder And Essential Oil On Skin Wound Healing In Rabbits (Histological And Immunohistochemical Study On IGF - 1R)

Author name: نضال حسين محمد
Supervisor name: بان عبد الغني جميل
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral Histology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية الموضوع : طب الاعشاب يمكن ان يعرف كواحد من فروع الطب باشكال مختلفة. وقد اثبت كركمين الكركم فعاليته كماده ملونة، ومنكهة واستخدم تقليديا في الطب،فقد اظهر له خصائص ملحوظه مضادة للالتهابا ت، مضادات الاكسده وخصائص بيولوجية متنوعة.ان عدم وجود سمية للكركم | Back ground : Herbal medicine can be called one of the branches of medicines in various forms.Turmeric curcumin has proved it's efficiencies a coloring, flavoring agent and has been traditionally used in medicine, exhibiting remarkable anti - inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The varied biological properties of curcumin and lack of toxicity even when administered at higher doses makes it attractive toexplore its use in various disorders like diseases of skin.It is good potential agent for wound healing.Considerable interest has been focused on curcumin compound, mechanisms that drive wound repair are complex and have challenged wound - healing investigators for many years.Aims of the study : To evaluate the effects of topical application of curcumin (powder and essential oil)on skin wound healing histologically and immunhistochemically.Materials and methods : Sixty four New Zealand rabbits were used in this study, they were divided into four groups (16 animals for each healing period)each group was subdivided as follows : - Experimental groups(8 rabbits)subdivided into : a - Right facial side of(eight rabbits animal) for essential oil application Left facial side of(eight rabbits animal)for curcumin powder application - Control group (eight rabbits)(right facial sides used as control). Histological evaluation of wound healing was performed for all studied groups.Imunohistochemical analysis was utilized to localize and characterizethe IGF - R1 immuno positive cells at the wound site of allgroups (experimental and control).Results : Histological findings of the present study have shown that reepithelialization, wound contraction were accelerated after topical application of curcumin and essential oil. The results ofimmunohistochemical examination of this study revealed that there was increased expression of IGF - 1R by epithelial and connective tissue cells of skin especially with the topical application of curcumin oil at wound site.Conclusion : - Essential oil is more effective in enhancement of wound healing regarding histological and immuonohistochemical assessment revealed higher mean values of positive expression for insulin growth factor1receptor(IGF - 1R) , (for both stromal and epidermal).

دراسة نسيجية , شكليه نسيجيه ونسيجية مناعية للاستخدام الموضعي ل VEGF / Collagen I في تجويف الاسنان المقلوعة : دراسة تجريبية على الجرذان == Histological, Histomorphometrical And Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Local Application of Collagen I And /Or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (An Experimental Study In Rats

Author name: رفل راشد عبد السادة
Supervisor name: عذراء يحيى الحجازي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Around the Teeth Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Department Of Periodontics And Peridontics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Back ground : Healing socket consists of three new tissue components; epithelium, connective tissue, and bone tissue. Interactive dynamic changes take place between these 3 components during healing period.During the process of healing of the extraction socket the following events occur : firstly, a blood clot (mainly blood cells and network of fibrin) forms and fills the empty socket. Then, the blood clot matures and is organized by the formation of granulation tissue (rich in newly formed vascular structure, abundance of inflammatory cells. The granulation tissue replaces the blood clot completely by the seventh day. After 20 days, the granulation tissue was replaced by collagen, and bone began forming at the base and the periphery of the extraction socket. Epithelium covers the newly formed bone that filled the socket.The healing cascade of all wounds ultimately requires neovascularization, collagen deposition, and collagen constriction by myofibroblasts. Neovascularization in the adult is known to occur by two distinct processes, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis which needs for expression of VEGF.Aim of the study : Histological ,Histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical studies to evaluate the effect of local application of exogenous VEGF/collagen I separately and as a combination in socket healing.Materials and Method : Sixty male Albino Wistar rats were subjected for a surgical tooth extraction of upper 1st molar of both sides ( right side was considered as experimental site ,while left be the control one).The animals were divided into following groups according to the applicable of biomaterials.A. Control group the tooth socket treated with 1?L of normal salineB. Experimental group includes• Group I contains (20) rats, the tooth socket treated with 1?L of VEGF• Group II contains (20) rats the tooth socket treated with 1?L ofcollagen type I• Group III contains (20) rats, the tooth socket treated with 1?L of a combination of VEGF and collagen I. Each group is composed of 20 rats that will be studied in four periods 3,7,14,28 days (5 rats for each period).The specimens were studied histologically histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical identification of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and tissue non specific alkaline phosphtase (ALP).Results : 1. Histological findings for all groups illustrate formation of blood clot at 3 days.2. Granulation tissue appears in all groups at 7 days period, and new bone is demonstrated in collagen group and a highly cellular woven bone with active proliferative osteoblast and newly blood vessel is detected in combination group.3. At 14 days new epithelization and new bone trabeculae with fibrous tissue are presented mostly in all groups but with different constitution.4. At 28 days all groups show reepithelization but in different thickness, and with newly bone apposition and with different maturity.5. For positive cells expressed ALP VEGF group records a high mean values at 3,14,28 days periods and with high differences in comparisum to other groups while control group reports a high mean value at 7 days.6. For positive cells expressed FGF2.Control group illustrates a high record for the mean of positive cells expressed FGF2 at 3,7days periods and with high differences in comparisum to other groups, while combination group reports a high mean value at 14 days.7. Results demonstrated that in most periods for each group ,whenever ,ALP is a high value in expression ,records a low expression in FGF2.Conclusion : Results ,high lighted on the effect of local application of VEGF in extracted tooth socket that facilited epithelization ,while combination of (Collagen and VEGF ) shows a high mineralization zone.

تقييم الظهور النسيجي الكيميائي المناعي لفايروسات (EBV,HPV16 - 18,HSV1) في الحزاز المنبسط الفموي == Assessment of The Immunohistochemical Expression of Epstein - Barr , Human Papilloma (18 ,16) And Herpes Simplex - 1 Viruses In Oral Lichen Planus

Author name: تانیه عبد الاله الطحان
Supervisor name: احلام حمید مجید
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Around the Teeth Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Department Of Periodontics And Peridontics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد مرض الحزاز المسطح الفموي من الامراض الشائعة ولة مسار مرضي مرتبط بالخلايا المناعية ويرتبط باختلالات الاداء المناعي للجسم مع بعض الفرضيات التي تربط وقوع المرض بالعدوى الفايروسية. وھو من عائلة الھربس الفايروسية، بوقوع بعض الامراض ك "كثرة الوحيدات، EBV ار | oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory immune - mediated disease, The antigen responsible for inducing OLP is still unidentified, although viral agents have been proposed as etiologic factors. Viral infection (Epestin - barr,human papilloma and herpes simplex) has been hypothesized as a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of this disease.Aims of study : The aim of this study was to assess the expression of Epstein Barr virus , Human Papilloma virus 16& 18 and Herpes Simplex virus - 1 immunohistochemistry in oral lichen planus cases and evaluate whether any clinical variant, histopathological or demographic feature correlates with the expression of these viruses.Materials and Methods : This study was performed on thirty formalin fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue Blocks of oral lichen planus retrospectively. An immunohistochemical staining done by using monoclonal antibodies EBV and HPV 18&16 and polyclonal antibody HSV1. Results : Expression of EBV was highly detected in epithelium of oral lichen planus cases (46.6%), no statistically significant correlation was found with clinical parameters.Astatistically significant with sex was observed.Immunostaning results revealed negative expression for both HPV16 & HPV18 in the studied cases except one case which was positive for each viruses. No statistically correlation was found with clinical parameters. Herpes simplex virus - 1 expression was positive in 12 cases (40%) of oral lichen planus cases. Statistically barely significant correlation with sex and clinical types, and a non significant one wasfound with age.ConclusionEpstein Barr and Herpes simplex viruses are present in considerable amounts in oral lichen planus whereas Human papilloma viruses 16 and 18 are rarely present.Taking into account the potential of viruses in OLP.

المؤشر الورمي CA153 عناصر مختارة في اللعاب وعلاقتها بصحة الفم والاسنان ضمن مجموعة من النساء العراقيات المصابات بسرطان الثدي == Salivary Tumor Marker CA15 - 3 And Selected Elements In Relation To Oral Health Status Among A Group of Iraqi Breast Cancer Women

Author name: بسمة عبد الباري عزیز
Supervisor name: احلام طه محمد
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Breast cancer is the commonest type of malignancy worldwide and in Iraq. It is a serious disease that affects the general health and cause systemic changes that affect the physical and chemical properties of saliva leading to adverse effects on oral health.Aims of the study : The aims of this study were to assess the oral health condition (including dental caries, oral cleanliness and periodontal health condition), to evaluate the changes in salivary flow rate and to assess the concentration of tumor marker CA15 - 3 and selected elements (calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, total proteins) in saliva and their relation to oral variables among breast cancer women in comparison to control group.Subjects, Materials and Methods : The total sample consisted of 60 women aged 35 - 45 years attending Al - Kadhemyia Teaching Hospital. Those comprised 30 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer before starting treatment and 30 women without clinical signs and symptoms of breast cancer as a control group.Diagnosis and recording o f dental caries was done by using DMFS indexaccording to the criteria of WHO (1987). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964) and calculus component of Ramfjod index for periodontal disease (1959) were applied to assess oral cleanliness. Periodontal disease was evaluated using the gingival index (Loe and Silness, 1963) and loss of attachment level (Ramfjord, 1959). Stimulated salivary samples were collected and salivary flow rate, salivary CA15 - 3, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper ions and total proteins were determined.Results : Results showed that caries experience (DMFS) was higher among the study group compared with the control group but the difference was statistically not significant. The mean values of plaque index, calculus index, gingival index and loss of attachment were higher among the study group than the control group with a highly significant difference (P<0.01).The salivary levels of CA15 - 3 in breast cancer patients were higher than that of the controls with a highly significant difference (P<0.01). All the correlations between salivary CA15 - 3 and dental caries and periodontal diseases were statistically not significant.The salivary flow rate was lower among the study group than control group with a highly significant difference (P <0.01). Higher concentrations of salivary phosphorus, copper and total proteins were recorded among study group compared to control with statistically highly significant differences concerning phosphorus and copper (P<0.01). On the other hand, salivary calcium and zinc were lower among study group compared to control group with statistically highly significant difference concerning zinc (P<0.01). All the correlations between the caries experience and salivary constituents in the study and control groups were weak and not significant except the correlation with total proteins in the control group which was significantly positive. Concerning the correlations of oral hygiene and periodontal disease with salivary constituents, the study showed that all the correlations were weak and not significant except the correlations between the total proteins with loss of attachment in study group and with dental plaque in control group which were significantly positive relations.Conclusions : This study showed that the breast cancer patients had poor oral hygiene and higher rates of periodontal diseases and dental caries, therefore special preventive programs need to be designed for this group of patients. Also the results of this study could support the concept that salivary oncentrations of CA15 - 3 might serve to be used in the detection of breast cancer and/or the po operative follow - up of patients under treatment for carcinoma of the breast

تاثير انواع مختلفة من المواد الملونة على الاستقرار اللوني للحاصرات التقويمية الخزفية المرتبطة مع انواع مختلفة من المواد اللاصقة الضوئية التصلب : دراسة مختبرية == Effect of Different Staining Materials On Color Stability of Sapphire Brackets Bonded With Different Types of Light Cure Orthodontic Adhesives (An In Vitro Study)

Author name: الاء فالح البو حسن
Supervisor name: نضال حسين غايب
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لقد ازدادت الحاجة الى استعمال الاجهزة التقويمية التجميلية في هذه الايام مما دفع مقومي الاسنان الى البدء باستخدام الاسلاك التجميلية والحاصرات التجميلية بالاضافة الى الاشرطة المطاطية التجميلية.الحاصرات التقويمية الشبيهة بلون الاسنان انتجت من انواع مختلفة م | The demand for better esthetic during orthodontic treatment has increased now a days, so orthodontists starting using esthetic arch wires, brackets and ligatures.Tooth colored brackets were introduced in different types of materials.Sapphire ceramic brackets are one type of esthetic brackets and their color stability remains the main concern for the clinicians and patients at the same time.The present study design to evaluate the effect of three different staining materials (black tea, pepsi and cigarette smoke) on the stainability of sapphire ceramic brackets bonded with three types of light cure orthodontic adhesives whichinclude : Resilience, Enlight and Transbond. The sample consisted of three hundred sixty sapphire brackets. The brackets were divided according to bonding materials into three groups each group consist of one hundred twenty brackets, then each subgroup further subdivided into four groups according to the material they were immersed (distilled water, black tea, Pepsi and cigarette smoke) with thirty brackets each, then each group with ten brackets further subdivided according to time interval of immersion in each media into three groups one day, seven days and fourteen days at 37°C in the incubator. A UV - Visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV - 1800) was used to perform a light absorption test.ANOVA and LSD tests were used to identify the significant effects of the staining materials at a significance level P ? 0.05.It was found that the immersion time gradually influenced the color stability of the adhesive materials with sapphire brackets with the highest activity observed at fourteen days interval. The brackets bonded with Resilience light cure adhesive are the most type affected by staining materials, then followed by the brackets bonded with Transbond and finally the brackets bonded with Enlight lightcure adhesive.For the staining materials it was found that the cigarette smoke is the mostpowerful staining material, followed by tea and finally pepsi.From the above result we can conclude that the type of adhesive must takein consideration when the esthetic brackets have been used.

دراسة المضاعفات الفموية الوجهية, مؤشرات عامل - الغلوبيولين المناعي اللعابي A , الانترليوكين 6 وعامل تنخر الورم الفا في لعاب مرضى بيتا ثلاسيميا الكبرى في محافظة ميسان == Study of Orofacial Complications, Salivary IgA, Interleukin - 6 And Tumor Necrosis Factor - Alpha Markers In Saliva of Beta - Thalassemia Major Patients In Missan Governorate

Author name: جمال محبس ديوان
Supervisor name: زاهدة جاسم محمد
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الثلاسيميا نوع بيتا هو الاضطراب الاحاد اليين الاكثر شيوعا في الشرق الاوسط، والتي تتميز بشذوذ في تركيب سلاسل بيتا من خضاب الدم مما يؤد الى ظواهر متفاوتة تتراوح بين فقر الدم الشديد الى عدم وجود اعراض سريريا.اهداف الدراسة : تحديد مدى انتشار المضاعفات الفمو | Beta - thalassemia is the most common monogenic known disorder in the Middle East, characterized by anomalies in the synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin resulting in variable phenotypes ranging from severe anemia to clinically asymptomatic Individuals. Several immunological defects can be found in patients with beta - thalassemia major patients, among which circulating cytokines levels, impairment of neurophil, macrophage phagocytic and killing functions, this impairment may be due to iron over load.Aims of study : Aims of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Orofacial complications in beta - thalassemia major patients, salivary flow rate, salivary levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and to evaluate correlations between salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and salivary flow rate) in beta thalassemia major patients.Methods : Sixty subjects were participated in this study, they were divided into two groups, patients group composed of 30 patients with major beta - thalassemia, age rang (5 - 23), and 30 healthy looking subjects of both sexes as a control group, age rang (5 - 25). Data was collected using a special formula for general, medical and Orofacial examination sheet. Whole non - stimulated saliva was collected, measured and analyzed by enzyme linked immmunosorbent assay.Results : Most patients were in the first and second decade of life (90%), 20 (60%) were males and 10 (40%) were females with an age rage (5 - 23 years). The prevalence of Orofacial complications in beta - thalassemia major patients increased with age.The prevalence of orofacial complications in beta - thalassemia major patients were color change of oral mucosa (73.3%), rodent face (66.7%), maxillaryprotrusion (66.7%), saddle nose (63.3%), deep bite (26.7%)), open bite (13.3%) and spacing (10%).Regarding the salivary flow rate there was a statistically significant decrease in mean of salivary flow rate in patients group as compared with control group (P= 0.013).Laboratory investigations for salivary concentration of interleukin - 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and salivary immunoglobulin A revealed highly significant to significantly in mean of these parameters in beta thalassemia major patients as compared with control group, interleukin - 6 (p=0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (p= 0.01) and salivary immunoglobulin A (p= 0.05) at P value ? 0.05.Conclusions : Beta - thalassemia major patients have specific Orofacial complications and a particular salivary cytokines compared to normal individuals.

سمك العظم الشدقي في مناطق مختلفة من الفك السفلي واهميتة السريرية في تثبيت المسامير الحلزونية احادية القشرة باستخدام جهاز الاشعة المقطعية متعدد الشرائح == Thickness of Buccal Bone At Various Sites of Themandible And Its Clinical Significance In Monocortical Screws Placementusing Multislice Computed Tomography

Author name: حوراء نوري عطا لله
Supervisor name: لمياء حامد النقيب
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Dental Radiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using miniplates and screws is the treatment of choice for mandibular fractures.Using miniplates and screws along the ideal line of osteosynthesis provides sufficient support and stability to the bone fragments to allow immediate function. It is important to know both : the region where the bone providesafirm anchorage for the screw,andthe topography of thedental apices and inferior alveolar nerve to avoiddamaging them when inserting the screwThe aim of study : The purpose of this study is to determine the thickness of buccal cortical plate and that of buccal bone using computed tomography,at the parasymphysis and mandibular body, thereby determining the area that provide afirm anchorage and the maximum length of mono - cortical screws that can be safely placed in these regions without injuring the tooth roots orinferior alveolar nerve.Materials and Methods : The sample of the present study was a total of 110 Iraqi patients (77 males & 33 females) aged (18 - 35) years old who admitted to Computed Tomography scan unit in AL - SadrTeaching Hospital in Al - Najaf city to getComputed Tomographic examination of facial bones from November 2013 to May 2014. The conventional section of CT (axial) wasused to do the measurements and dental planning analysiswhich is a specific investigation protocol was also used.The thickness of buccal cortical plate and the thickness of buccal bone were measured at the level of root apex of (canine, first premolar, second premolar) and at the level of : root apex and inferior alveolar canal in (mesial and distal root of first and second molar). Results : The mean buccal bone thickness at canine area was (3.7 - 4.3 mm), in premolars area (3.6 - 4 mm), in molar area (at the level of apex) (5.6 - 6 mm), in molar area (at the level of inferior alveolar canal) (5.2 - 5.6 mm) for females and males respectively. The mean buccal cortical plate thickness at canine area was (1.4 - 1.6 mm), in premolars area (1.5 - 1.7 mm), in molar area (at the level of apex) (2.4 - 2.6 mm), in molar area (atthe level of inferior alveolar canal) (2.4 - 2.3 mm) for females and males respectively.There was no statistically significant age and gender difference in buccal cortical plate thickness and buccal bone thickness. Conclusion : Buccal cortical plate thickness and buccal bone thickness in various sites of the mandible could be measured precisely using Multislice Computed Tomography which can guide surgeons in selecting the proper screw length without causing injury to rootapex or inferior alveolar nerve.

تاثير الجنس،العمر وفقدان السن على ابعاد القناة الثاقبة والعظم الامامي للقناة : دراسة بالتصوير المقطعي == Effect of Gender, Age And Tooth Loss On The Dimensions of Incisive Canal, And Buccal Bone Anterior To The Canal (Computed Tomography Study)

Author name: رياحين غازي رشيد
Supervisor name: احلام احمد فتاح
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Dental Radiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: القناة الثاقبة تركيب تشريحي لھا موقعا ھاما في الفك العلوي الامامي، دراسة خصائص ھذه القناة وتقييم علاقتھا مع العظم الامامي للقناة ضروري خلال زرع القواطع المركزية العلوية. الاشعة المقطعية لھذه المنطقة يمكن ان توفر ميزات دقيقة عن حدود وموقع القناة الثاقبة | The incisive canal is an anatomical structure with an important location in the anterior maxilla, analyzing this canal characteristics and evaluated its relation to the bone anterior to the canal is necessary during dental implantation of maxillary central incisors. CT scan image for this region can provide accurate features about the border, position of incisive canal and status of buccal bone anterior to this canal.Aim of the study : To study for the effect of gender, age and tooth loss in area of maxillary central incisors teeth on the dimensions of the incisive canal and buccal bone anterior to the canal using spiral computed tomography.Subjects, Materials and Methods : The sample consisted of prospective study for 156 subjects of both gender. The sample were divided into two groups, 120 dentate group (60 male and 60 female) with age ranging from (20 - 70) and 36 edentate group(with missing both maxillary central incisor) (18 male and 18 female) with age ranging from (50 - 70), which was further divided into two group according to the duration of maxillary central incisorsteeth loss, long duration (5+) years which consists of 26 subjects and short duration (<5 years) which consists of 10 subjects. All subjects attended to Baquba Teaching General Hospital in Diyala for Computed Tomographic scan investigation for different Maxillofacial diagnostic purposes from November/2013 to April/2014.Using sagittal section of computed tomography scan, the following measurementswere done : A - The diameters of incisive canal were measured at crestal, middle and apical level and the total mean value of canal diameters was calculated. B - The length of incisive canal.C - The distance of buccal bone anterior to incisive canal at crestal, middle and apical level and the total mean value of buccal bone distances was calculated. D - The length of buccal bone anterior to incisive canal from the apical measurement of buccal bone to the alveolar crest. The measuring unit was in millimeter in all measurements.Result : Gender had moderately strong effect on the dimensions of incisive canal and buccal bone anterior to this canal, the mean values begin generally higher for male as compared to female for both control and cases group. Absence of maxillary central incisors decreased incisive canal length and buccal bone dimensions with mean values begin higher in control group than that in cases group, the effect of teeth loss on these selected measurements seem to be strong ;however, canal diameter remain unchanged with dental status and there was no effect of teeth loss on this parameter.There was a moderately strong to strong effect of the duration of maxillary central incisors teeth loss on canal length and buccal bone dimensions with mean values being significantly lower in long duration (5+) years than that in short duration (<5 years) while it had weak effect on incisive canal diameter for both gender. The results showed that there was no significant linear correlation between age and all selected measurements in male and female for both control and cases group. Conclusion : CT scan is a valuable tool to evaluate the anatomic variation at the examined area in the current study, gender and dental status are important factors that can affect incisive canal characteristics and amount of bone anterior to the canal. Clinicians should perform careful planning using CT scans before performing dental implant surgeries in premaxillary region.

قياس كثافة العظم السنخي في الفك العلوي في سن 13 - 15 سنة باستخدام المفراس الحلزوني == Measurment of Maxillary Alveolar Bone Density At 13 - 15 Years Age Using Spiral Omputerized Tomography

Author name: ازهار عبد الامير فرج
Supervisor name: فخري عبد علي الفتلاوي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Bone density is a major factor that affect mini implant primarily stability. No Iraqi studies had been evaluated bone density related to mini - implant placement for orthodontic anchorage at age 13 - 15 years.The present research aims to evaluate gender, side and site differences in the bone density at various orthodontic implant sites for the maxillary alveolar bone (cortical; buccal and palatal and cancellous).The sample of this study consisted of CT images for patients who were attending Al. Shaheed Ghazi Al - Hariri Hospital/the Computerized Tomography department from January 2014 until May 2014. Twenty nine individuals (16 males and 13 females) had subjected to clinical examination, then 64 - multislice computed tomography scan data were evaluated and bone density was measured in Hounsfield unit at 21 points (9 points for each side and 3 points between the right and left central incisors).The results obtained showed that there were no significant differences in bone density between males and females and between the left and right sides. There are no significant differences in bone density between the maxillary buccal cortical bone and the palatal cortical bone except at lateral incisor and canine point where the palatal side had higher bone density than buccal side. The mean bone density of the cancellous bone in the anterior part was higher than that in the posterior of the maxilla.These differences in bone density between and within regions of the maxilla must be considered when placing mini implants and may provide valuable information when selecting sites, size, angle and placement methods for mini implant in the dental arch.

حاله الاكتئاب وعلاقتها بحاله الفم والخصائص الفزيوكيميائيه لدى طلاب المدارس من فئه عمر 15 سنة في مدينة الصويره - حافظة واسط - جمهورية العراق == Depression Status In Relation To Oral Health Condition And Salivary Physiochemical Characteristics Among 15 Years Old School Students In Al - Swera City - Wassit Governorate - Iraq

Author name: هدى سلمان خیاله
Supervisor name: بان صاحب ذیاب
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Preventive Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, its affect oral health through its effect on salivary function. The aims of this study were to assess the relation of depression status on prevalence and severity of dental caries and gingival inflammation among students aged 15 years in relation to salivary physical (flow rate and viscosity) and chemical characteristics concentration of (total protein, zinc, copper, chromium and lithium).Materials and methods : The total sample involved 800 students (males and females) aged 15 years old that were selected randomly, the depression status was measured using Children Depression Inventory (CDI) index that divided the students with depression into four groups according to severity of depression (low or average grade, high average grade, elevated grade and very elevated grade). The diagnosis and recording of dental caries was made by using Decay, Missing, Filled surface index (DMFs), according to the criteria of Manji et al (1989), while gingival condition was evaluated by using the gingival index by L?e and Silness, (1964). Salivary samples were collected under standardized condition from 30 students with very elevated grade and 30 students with low average grade, and then analyzed for measuring salivary flow rate and viscosity, in addition to the estimation of salivary elements (total protein, zinc, copper, chromium and lithium).Results : The prevalence of depression was 100%. The DMFs was lower among students with high average grade than other grades of depression with nonsignificant difference. The severity of dental caries was higher among students with elevated grade concerning D1, D3 and in very elevated grade of depression concerning D2, D4 with highly significant among D4 (P = 0.01). The prevalence of gingivitis in present study was found to be 100%, mild gingivitis occurrence found higher among low or average grade than other grades, but moderate gingivitis was more among very elevated grade, while sever gingivitis was absent. Salivary analysis demonstrated that the salivary flow rate was non significantly higher among students with low or average grade of depression than very elevated, while the viscosity of saliva was not significantly higher among students with very elevated grade. The data analysis of salivary elements found that the total protein and copper was higher among students with very elevated grade while other elements show the opposite result with significant difference concerning copper and zinc among females in very elevated grade, while others with not significant.Conclusion : The results of the current research revealed that caries experience and gingival inflammation increase with depression that has an adverse effect on salivary physicochemical characteristics. There were changes in saliva variables between low or average grade and very elevated grade of depression.

تاثير متسلل التسوس ممزوج مع او بدون مواد لاصقة تقليدية على ختم المينا السليمة : دراسة مختبرية == The Influence of Caries Infiltrant Combined With And Without Conventional Adhesives On Sealing of Sound Enamel (In Vitro Study)

Author name: مروة بلاسم محمد الجيبةجي
Supervisor name: ضياء جعفر الدباغ
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The formation of white spot lesions around fixed orthodontic attachments is a common complication during and following fixed orthodontic treatment, which hinder the results of a successfully completed case.The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the Caries Infiltrant (ICON®) on prevention of caries on the smooth enamel surface when applied alone or combined with conventional adhesives. To achieve this objective, seventy eight human premolar enamel discs were randomly assigned to six groups (n=13). The discs were etched and treated with resins of different monomer content forming the following groups : (1)Untreated etched samples served as the negative control, (2) ICON® (DMG), (3) Adper™ SB 2 (3M ESPE), (4) Heliobond (Ivoclar Vivadent), (5) ICON®+ Adper™ SB 2 and (6) ICON®+ Heliobond. Specimens were subjected to demineralization by immersion in hydrochloric acid (pH 2.6) for 18 days. Calcium dissolution into the acid was assessed by photometric test via spectrophotometer at 24 hour intervals.The results revealed that, there was a highly significant difference between the sealed groups and the unsealed (untreated) one (p?0.00) indicating that the unsealed specimens showed the highest amount of Ca ion loss among all other groups. Additionally, there was no significant difference between untreated specimens and the ICON® sealed ones. While, Heliobond decreased the Ca ion loss significantly compared to the untreated specimens and Adper™ SB 2 performed significantly better than both ICON® and Heliobond. Furthermore, the combination of ICON® with either Adper™ SB 2 or Heliobond served as the best protective measures and maintained the protective effect during the whole experiment period.Therefore, within the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be concluded that the use of low - viscosity Caries Infiltrant prior to application of the tested conventional adhesives increases their protective effect against demineralization.

تقييم تاثير بلازما النيتروجين المتوهج لغرسة التيتانيوم التجاري على الترابط العظمي بالتحليل الميكانيكي والتحليل النسيجي == Evaluation of The Effect of Glow Plasma Nitriding of Commercially Pure Titantium Dental Implant On Osseointigration Through Mechanical And Histomorphometric Analysis

Author name: حسن جواد فرحان المسعودي
Supervisor name: شذى سليم الامير
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الاتجاه الجديد للغرسات هوايجاد المواد التي تسرع عملية بناء العظم في السطح البيني للعظم والغرسه وتحسين الاندماج العظمي من اجل توفير التحميل الفوري والمباشر بعد وضع الغرسات وتقليص فترة الانتظار التي تكون مزعجه وغير مريحه للمرضى.الاهداف.تقييم تاثير طلاء ال | Introduction : The new trend of implants is to find materials which accelerate bone formation in bone implant interface and improve osseointegration to provide immediate or early loading after placement in addition to eliminate the waiting period which is usually uncomfortable and disturbs patients. Aim of study : To evaluate the effect of plasma nitride treatment of screw shaped commercially pure titanium dental implant on bond strength at bone implant interface by torque removal test and histomorphometric analysis after 2 and 6 weeks in comparison to non treated one.Materials and methods : Commercial pure titanium plates and screws were plasma nitrided for 10h using glow plasma nitride apparatus. X - ray diffraction (XRD) analysis , scanning electron microscope examination were carried out on the nitride surfaces of the plates ,contact angle measurement (Wettability) was done by applying drop of saline and blood on the nitrided surface and compared to control. The femur of 10 white New Zealand rabbits were chosen as implantation sites. The femur of each rabbit received two screws, one plasma nitride treated and one non treated and a total of 40 screws were implanted. Torque removal test was performed(by digital torque meter) to measure bond strength between implant and bone, after 2 and 6 weeks healing periods. For each period of time 18 screws were tested for the torque required to remove the implant from the bone and 2 screws were kept for histological examination. Results : The results revealed that the mean removal torque values for the plasma nitride treated implants was significantly higher than the non treated implants and over the two periods of time. There was an increase in the bond strength (torque value) of bone - implant interface with time. The torque removal force for plasma nitride implants after 2 and 6 weeks was (30.22, 59.56 N.cm ,respectively) and for non treated implants after 2 and 6 weeks were ( 23.61,56.11N.cm, respectively) and new bone formation ratio for plasma nitride treated implants after 2 and 6 weeks(3.36, 4.72 , respectively) and for non treated after 2 and 6 weeks(1.56, 3.04, respectively). Conclusion : Plasma nitriding of Cp Ti screws significantly increased the torque removal value and new bone formation ratio at 2 and 6 weeks compared with the non treated implant.Dental implant, Osseointegration, Digital torque meter

مواصفات الاطباق وادراكه والحاجة والطلب على تقويم الاسنان لدى الطلاب البغداديين بعمر 13 سنة : دراسة مقارنة مسحية ميدانية == Occlusal Features, Perception of Occlusion And Orthodontic Treatment Need And Demand Among 13 Years Aged Baghdadi Students (A Comparative Cross Sectional Epidemiological Study

Author name: زينب محمد رضا الجلبي
Supervisor name: فخري عبد علي الفتلاوي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study was conducted to assess the distribution, prevalence, severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Baghdad governorate in relation to gender and residency, and whether it has increased or not over 12 years by comparison with previous survey in Baghdad.A multi - stage stratified sampling technique was used in this investigation to make the sample a representative of target population. The sample consisted of 2700 (1349 males and 1351 females) intermediate school students aged 13 years representing 3% of the total target population.A questionnaire was used to determine the perception of occlusion and orthodontic treatment demand of the students and the assessment procedures for occlusal features by direct intraoral measurement using veriner and an instrument to measure the rotated and displaced teeth. In summary the followingresults were obtained : 1 - 7.7% of the sample had some type of orthodontic treatment or consultation.2 - 39.1% of the students answered that they have malaligned teeth, being significantly more in female than males.3 - of the students who stated that they have malaligned teeth, 26% reported that they had crowded teeth, 26.6% had spaced teeth, 22.4% had protruded teeth and 25.7% had rotated and displaced teeth.4 - Regarding the answers of the effect of mal - aligned teeth, 70.3% answered that it affects their appearance, 17.7% chewing, and 7.7% speech while 4.1% answered that mal - aligned teeth did not affect appearance, chewing or speech.5 - the most common reasons for not seeking orthodontic treatment that the student thought that treatment is fear of pain (48.8%) and not important or not possible (25.8%).6 - One or more missing teeth due to extraction or trauma were found in 4.9% of the sample, and the most common extracted teeth were the first molars (1.6% mandibular and 0.9% maxillary). One or more rotated teeth were found in 38.3% of the sample; one or more displacement teeth were found in 19.6% of the sample.7 - The maxillary anterior region showed the highest prevalence of 2mm or more spacing (15.2%) and the mandibular anterior region showed the highest prevalence of 2mm or more crowding (12.6%); a maxillary central diastema of 1mm or more was found in 18.1% of the sample with a mean of 0.306±0.015mm.8 - Angle’s class I occlusion was found in 78.29%of the sample, class II in 19.5% (17.2% division 1 and 2.3% division 2) and 2.3% had class malocclusion (1.6% postural and 0.7% true). The mean overjet of the sample was 3.31± 0.04 mm. The mean overbite was 2.99±0.03 mm,9 - Midline shift (?1mm) was found in 54.3% of the sample (28% to the right and 26.3% to the left side).Soft tissue impingement was found in 3.3% (3% palatally and 0.3% labially). Normal lip form was found in 86.6%, contracting lip form in 10.1% and lip trap in 3.3% of the sample.10 - The DAI scores registered in this study ranged between 13 and 65 with a mean of 23.234±0.12. 7.3% with treatment highly desirable, and 4.5% with treatment mandatory.Significant changes in the proportions of malocclusions as a whole in school children were found over the last decade; also increase the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in the Baghdad commune and low perception level of the Baghdadi children to their own occlusion and the demand on treatment was remarkably low. This data will be useful for public oral health service and emphasize the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in Baghdad and stressing on the role of oral health education to encourage the children to undergo orthodontic treatment.

تاثير اضافة فلوريد الصوديوم كمطهر على بعض خواص مادة طبعة الالجنيت == Effect of Sodium Fluoride Addition As A Disinfectant On Some Properties of Alginate Impression Material

Author name: علاء مهدي حسين
Supervisor name: رغداء كريم جاسم
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Prosthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المقدمة : تلوث طبعات الاسنان مع اللعاب والدم من تجويف الفم يحصل مباشرة في عيادات الاسنان ومختبرات صناعة الاسنان يجعل من طبعات الاسنان الملوثة فقرات يصعب التعامل معها من وجهة نظر انتشار الاخماج. اشارت التقارير السابقة الى امكانية الطبعات الملوثة بتلويث ال | Introduction : Contamination of dental impressions with saliva and blood from the oral cavity occurs readily in dental clinics, direct interaction between dental clinics and dental laboratories makes contaminated dental impressions difficult items to deal with it from the cross contamination point of view. Previous reports indicated that contaminated impressions can cross infect gypsum casts that were poured against them, however immersing or spraying commonly used alginate impression material with disinfectant may adversely affect the accuracy of dies or casts obtained. Objective : The objective was to evaluate the effect of (0.25%,0.5%,1%, 2%, 3%, 4% ) of (NaF) addition on the self - disinfection of alginate impression material and its effect on setting time, tear strength, dimensional change and accuracy of alginate impression materials and to compare this with CHX containing alginate material related to the same properties mentioned above.Materials and methods : A total No. of 800 specimens were prepared in this study, they were divided into five main groups according to the type of the tests used (tear strength test, setting time test, dimensional change test, dimensional accuracy test, and bacteriological tests (Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans).Six concentrations of NaF from (0.25% to 4%) and 0.1% CHX gluconate were mixed with alginate impression material and compare it with control alginate without disinfectant. Results : The self - disinfecting impression material containing NaF showed a total kill of microorganisms immediately after impressions were made.Tear energies for all experimental impression materials were greater than those of the control products. There were no statistically significant differences between the dimensional change tests and also reproduction of detail test, that contained (NaF) and one that did not. With regard to setting time of the impressions, statistically significant reduction were seen between the control and experimental groups of alginate impression materials. The experimental material that did not contain (NaF) had a considerably longer setting time than all of the other materials tested.Conclusion : the use of (NaF) and CHX disinfection when taking alginate dental impression is a good measure in reduction of contamination and cross infection and have a minute effect on dimensional stability and is recommended as step in protecting dentist and dental laboratories teams.

التاثير السمي للضوء الازرق المرئي على البكتيريا المشعشعة المصاحبة للورم الفطري والبورفيروموناس اللثوية في المرضى المصابين بالتهاب اللثة المزمن : دراسة مختبرية == Phototoxic Effect of Visible Blue Light On Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans And Porphyromonas Gingivalis In Patients With Chronic Periodontitis (An In - Vitro Study

Author name: علي رعد عبد العزيز
Supervisor name: مها شكري محمود | وفاق محمود الوتار
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Around the Teeth Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Department Of Periodontics And Peridontics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : على الرغم من ان ازالة الصفائح الجرثومية (الجير) وكلس الاسنان ( الحصى السنية ) بالطرق الميكانيكية يمثل حجر الزاوية في علاج امراض اللثة، يبقى ذلك بحاجة الى علاج مساند اذا علمنا ان التنظيف الميكانيكي لا يستطيع الوصول الى كل السطوح والاماكن حول السن | Background : Although mechanical debridement of dental plaque and calculus represents the corner stone in periodontal treatment , still it needs an adjunctive therapy since mechanical cleaning cannot reach all the surfaces and sites all around the tooth and within periodontal defect or the bacteria that resides inside periodontal tissues. Chemotherapy been used as an adjunctive therapy alongside with mechanical debridement in different compositions and routes, i.e. : chlorhexidine mouth washes (local routes) , antibiotics (systemic route) , yet chemical treatment might not be sufficient or cannot be used as in cases of drug sensitivity , difficulty to maintain effective concentration at wanted sites and lack of patient dexterity and compliance.Hence, arises the need for an alternative adjunctive therapy, photodynamic therapy has been used in recent years, taking advantage of the toxic effect of light on periodontal pathogens (bacteria). Aims of the study : The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effect of visible blue light emitted from dental curing led light device of wavelength ranges between 400 - 500nm and energy of 1000 - 1200 mw/cm on the viability of periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis), alone once , and with combination of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash in vitro.Materials and methods : A.actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, was obtained from periodontal pockets of patient suffering from periodontitis by removing the plaque carefully to be cultured under anaerobic conditions for 3 days in suitable culture media using anaerobic jar in the incubator, presence of the wanted micro - organism is confirmed using Gram stain and biochemical activity tests.The amount (quantity of bacteria) was determined by direct colony counting and using visual software aids (open CFU software program) when needed.Visible blue light (LED curing light) from a commercially available device the same used in light - cured fillings in dentistry was used to generate a beam of visible blue light with amount of energy 1000 - 1200 mW/cm2 of a wavelength ranges between 400 - 500nm. Samples were subjected to blue light for increasing time intervals and were subcultured after each exposure.Same procedure of light exposure was repeated on plates containing chlorhexidine mouth wash in holes created with pasture tube, a standardized amount of chlorhexidine (0.1mml) was administrated into the holes of each plate, and then the inhibition zone was measured repeatedly for each plate after 72 hours of anaerobic incubation.

تسوس الاسنان والاحتياجات العلاجية لطالبات الثانوية لعمر (16 - 18) سنة وعلاقتهما مع نظافة الفم، المستوى الدراسي للاهل والتحليل الغذائي في مدينة المسيب/ محافظة بابل/ العراق == Dental Caries And Treatment Needs Among 16 - 18 Years Old High School Girls, In Relation To Oral Leanliness, Parent'S Education And Nutritional Status, In Al - Mussayb City/ Babylon Governorate/ Iraq

Author name: زهراء محمد حسین
Supervisor name: سلافة خالد السامرائي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Preventive Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Dental caries is a quite prevalent disease in Iraqi community however, baseline data concerning this disease and related etiological and risk factor are limited, concerning in selected geographic area in Iraq.Aims of study : This survey was made to investigate the prevalence and severity of dental caries in Al - Mussayb city/ Babylon governorate, the co - relation of this disease was studied with nutrition status and dietary analysis, oral cleanliness and parent'seducation among (16 - 18) years old in high school girls.Materials and Methods : The survey was conducted among high school girls, with a total sample of 900. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries and treatment needs were done according to the criteria of WHO. Dental plaque was assessed by using Plaque Index following the criteria of Silness and Loe. Nutritional status was recorded according to Body Mass Index indicator by applying anthropometric measurement. Dietary analysis was according to Dietary Guidelines in primary health centers in Iraq. Parent's education was divided in to five levels according to modification to educational status of Kuppuswamy's scale.Results : The prevalence of dental caries was (70.5%). The DMFS mean value was (4.94 ±SE 0.161) and the median was equal to (4.00) for the total sample. The DMFS value increased with ages with statistically highly significant difference (P<0.01), The highest percentage of examined girls were in need of one surface filling (60.8%), followed by those in need of two or more surface filling (36.6%). Result showed a weak positive highly significant correlation between plaque index and DMFS (r=0.315, P<0.01). A statistically highly significant difference in DMFS was recorded by different level of parent's education as a lower value of DMFS was seen among girls with high level of parent's education. Results showed statistically highly significant differences in the value of DMFS between different grade of Body Mass Index indicator (P <0.01, df=3), for total sample (11.7%) was malnourished and (65.77%) of girls was with normal weight. Statistically highly significant weak negative correlation was seen between DMFS and different food groups (fruits, vegetable, meat, grain and diary). A weak positive highly significant correlation between DMFS and sweet consumption was seen (r=0.155, P<0.01).Conclusions : Girls in high schools in Al - Mussayb city/ Babylon Governorate demonstrated a high prevalence of dental caries. Nutritional status, dietary habits, oral cleanliness and parent's education were found to affect the severity of this disease, thusthere is a need for public and school preventive programs among those population

ابعاد البلعوم فيما يتعلق ببعض المتغيرات السنية والقحفية للصنف الهيكلي الاول والثاني : دراسة مقارنة بالاشعة القياسية الجانبية عند البالغين == Nasopharyngeal Dimensions In Relation To Some Dento - Cranium Variables of Class I And II Skeletal Patterns (A Cephalometric Comparative Study In Adults)

Author name: عمار عباس فضل
Supervisor name: فخري عبد علي الفتلاوي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The size of the nasopharyngeal airway was believed to have an important role in the development of the dentofacial structure. Therefore, this study was done on 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) at age range 18 - 25 years. Cephalometric radiograph has been taken to each subject and the measurements were recorded. The sample was divided into two groups, class I skeletal relationship (15 males and 15 females) and class II skeletal relationship (15 males and 15 females). Comparisons between the different study groups were undertaken and the following results were obtained.In class I skeletal relationship, all the nasopharyngeal liner measurements and all the dento - cranium linear measurements are significantly higher in males than females, except lower airway thickness (PNS - ad1) and upper airway thickness (PNS - ad2)showed no significant gender difference. While all the angular measurements showed no significant gender difference.In class II skeletal relationship, most of the nasopharyngeal liner measurements have no significant gender difference, while all the dento - cranium linear measurements are significantly higher in males than females. In comparison for class difference between class I and class II skeletal relations in total sample, all the nasopharyngeal linear measurements have no significant class difference, except lower airway thickness showed significant difference which were higher in class II than class I and upper airway thickness showed significant difference which were higher in class I than class In the whole sample of the study, positive correlation was found between lower airway thickness and upper airway thickness.

معدل انتشار وشدة نقص التمعدن الضرسي القاطعي والعلاقة مع العوامل المسببة بين اطفال المدارس بعمر 7 - 9 سنة في محافظة النجف == Prevalence And Severity of Molar - Incisor Hypomineralisation In Relation To Its Etiological Factors Among School Children Age 7 - 9 Years In Al - Najaf Governorate

Author name: ولاء عامر عوفي
Supervisor name: بان علي صالح
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Pediatric Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Molar - Incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is one of the biggest challenges with great clinical interest for dental practice because MIH has a great impact on the oral health as consequently, on the quality of life of children. Currently, the etiology of MIH remains unclear and is thought to be acquired via multifactorial, systemic disturbances during amelogenesis. There is no previous study concerning school children aged 7 - 9 years in Al - Najaf govemorate in order to estimate the prevalence and severity of molar incisorhypomineralisation and the possible associated risk factors. Objective : To estimate the prevalence , severity and the possible associated etiological factors of molar - incisor hypomineralisation and also to study the correlation between body mass index and molar - incisor hypomineralisation.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted at Al - Najaf Govemorate, data were collected during the period from January to the end of April 2014. study population included the primary school children aged, 7 - 9 years of both genders who attending the primary schools of Al - Najaf govemorate. Children having amelogenesis imperfecta, tetracycline staining or undergoing orthodontic treatment at the time of study, those with completely broken crowns of the first permanent molars, or those whose parent/guardians refusedto missed data or not get back the questionnaire were excluded from the study. Sample size was calculated according to the standard equation and a total of 600 children were enrolled. A structured self - administered validated arabic language questionnaire and an examination sheet was measured. Body weight and height were measured and the body mass index was calculated according to the standards. Dental material and supplies were used in examination, Prior to the clinical examination the participating children were given a toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste to brush their teeth thoroughly under the supervision of the researcher. The demarcated hypomineralization was recorded according to the 10 point scoring system depended on the European academy of pediatric dentistry evaluation criteria. The severity was assessed according to the clinical evaluation of the examiner and the presence of opacities. Data of the studied group were entered and analysed by using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 and appropriate statistical tests were used to assess the differences and correlations between variables. Results : The response rate was 84. 7% and the highest was in the 9 - year - old children, the participants were 532 children, the prevalence of hypomineralisation defect was 22.9%. The prevalence of demarcated hypomineralisation was increased concomitantly with the age, and the 9 - yearold children were the more affected. The overall prevalence of molar - incisor hypomineralisation among boys was lower than girls; (17.3%) and 22.6%, respectively. Molar - incisor hypomineralisation was more frequent in normal body mass index children. The total number of teeth of the studied group was 1464. The number of affected teeth was 3 81 represented (26%) of the total number of teeth. The molar and incisors were most affected with White/creamy demarcated opacities with no posr eruptive enamel breakdown, (27.7% and 15.2%), respectively. The severely affected teeth were 33 teeth, represented 4.5% of the total number of teeth of the 122 children , severely affected molars were 25 (5.1 %) and the severely affected incisors were 8 (0.8%), (P=0.001), Obeseand overweight were more likely to have more severely affected teeth and the severity was also increased with the age of child. Conclusions and Suggestions : The prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation among Iraqi schoolchildren of Al Najaf govemorate was 22.9%, it was more prevalent among girls, the 9 - year - old children , normal body weight children and urban residents. Molars were more affected with than incisors. It was more prevalent in maxillary than mandibular teeth. The severely affected teeth represented 4.5% of the total number of teeth of the 122 children. , molars were more severely affected than incisors. The more severely affected teeth reported inobese and underweight children. Further studies are suggested for further understanding of the etiological and risk factors of the disease.

الحالة الصحية للفم لاطفال الرياض وعلاقتها بالحالة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في محافظة النجف الاشرف العراق == Oral Health Status Among Kindergarten Children In Relation To Socioeconomic Status In Al - Najaf Governorate - Iraq

Author name: سهى مهدي حميد شبر
Supervisor name: وصال علي العبيدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Preventive Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تقييم بعض مقاييس اللعاب المناعية وتركيز عنصر الحديد وعلاقتهما بحالة صحة الفم للاطفال المصابين بفقر دم البحر الابيض المتوسط النوع الكبير كربلاء/العراق == Evaluation of Selected Salivary Immunological Parameters And Iron Ion Concentration In Relation To Oral Health Condition Among Children With Beta Thalassemia Major (Karbala’ / Iraq)

Author name: شيرين سمير يوسف
Supervisor name: بان علي صالح
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Pediatric Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Beta Thalassemia Major is an inherited, genetic blood disorder which affect the bone marrow's ability to produce 2Themoglobin 2Tmolecules( the component of normal1T 1T2Tred blood cells1T2T 1Tthat transports oxygen to the body's cells), thered blood cells will have been short lifespan and 2Tdestroyed1T2T 1Tat a1T 1T2Tfaster rate2T. These patients are typically transfusion - dependent, and have significant complications, including iron overload, immune system disorders, and bacterial and/or viralinfections which can affect the oral health condition. Aims of the study : The aims of the present study were to assess the severity of dental caries, dental plaque, gingivitis, levels of selected salivary immunological components and iron concentration in saliva, among a group of boys and girls with beta thalassemia major in comparison with the control group.Materials and methods : The study involved 17 boys and 23 girls with beta thalassemia major, aged 8 - 9 years compared to 17 healthy boys and 23 healthy girls with the same age group. dmfs/ds and DMFS/DS indices (WHO, 1987), plaque index (Silness and L?e,1964), and gingival index (L?e and Silness, 1963) were applied, unstimulated salivary samples were collected for estimation the salivary immunological components(Secretory Immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, peroxidase, and lactoferrin) in which they were analyzed by enzyme - linked immune sorbent assay kits and iron ion concentration in saliva which was analyzed biochemically.Results : Results showed that, caries - experience was higher among beta thalassemia children compared to healthy children. In primary teeth, a higher dmfs/ds mean value was recorded for study group (dmfs/ds=8.93±6.40) compared to control group (dmfs/ds=6.63±5.38), the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05), except for girls the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). For permanent teeth, DMFS/DS mean value was found to be higher instudy group (DMFS/DS=0.63±1.23) compared to control group (DMFS/DS=0.58±0.75), and the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05). plaque index mean value was higher in study group (PI=1.69±0.45) compared to control group (PI=1.52±0.28), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). gingival index mean value was higher in study group (GI=1.38±0.20) compared to control group (GI=1.22±0.10), and the difference was statistically highly significant (p<0.01). Correlation between dental plaque and gingivitis in study group was positive with statistically highly significant(p<0.01). There were some variation in the levels of salivary immunological parameters between study and control groups, the differences were statistically not significant(p>0.05), except that for peroxidase, the levels were higher in study group compared to control group and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Iron ion concentrations were higher in study group compared to control group, the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05). The correlation between secretory immunoglobulin A levels and dmfs/ds in study group was statistically significant (r= - 0.32, p=0.02). Lysozyme was correlated with DMFS/DS in study group and the correlation was statistically significant (r=0.38, p=0.01). lactoferrin was correlated with dmfs/ds and DMFS/DS in control group, and the correlation was statistically highly significant and significant respectively (r=0.52, p=0.00), (r=0.32, p=0.04). The correlations between iron ion concentrations and dental caries were statistically not significant(p>0.05) for both groups. All the correlations between measured salivary parameters and dental plaque and gingivitis were found to be statistically not significant(p>0.05) for both groups. The correlations between iron ion and immunological components were statistically not significant(p>0.05). The correlation between lysozyme and lactoferrin was statistically significant in both study group and control group respectively (r=0.36, p=0.02) and (r=0.36, p=0.01). The correlation between peroxidase and lactoferrin in study group was statistically highly significant (r= - 0.40, p=0.00). In control group, there was statistically highly significant correlation between secretory immunoglobulin A and lactoferrin (r=0.41, p=0.00). Conclusion : dental caries, dental plaque and gingivitis found to be higher in beta thalassemia major patients than normal children; they need periodic dental examination and effective preventive program.

تقييم تاثير التيجان المقاومة للفولاذ (تقنية الهول) على معالجة التسوس للطواحن اللبنية : دراسة رجعية == Evaluation of The Influence of Preformed Metal Crown ((Hall Technique)) On The Managing of Carious Primary Molars A Retrospective Study

Author name: ورف محسن موسى
Supervisor name: بان علي صالح
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Pediatric Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : When prevention of dental caries fails, and a child is exposed to the risk of pain and infection, the disease must be managed to reduce this risk. There is a growing evidence supporting more 'biological approaches' for managing dental cariesin primary teeth. The Hall Technique is one of the biological approaches for managing caries in primary molars which involves sealing caries beneath preformed metal crowns (stainless steel crowns). The crown is cemented over the tooth without theuse of local anesthesia, caries removal, or tooth preparation. The clinical steps for the Hall Technique are straightforward but, as with all dental care provision, appropriate treatment planning for the procedure requires skill. The Hall Technique offers anothermethod of managing early to moderately advanced, active carious lesions in primary molars, with good evidence of effectiveness and acceptability.Aims of the study : This study was conducted to assess the possible local factors that might happen along with using this novel technique regarding the possible adverse effect of the increased occlusal - vertical dimension and the condition of the surrounding tissues.Also to assess the correlation between the rate of the successful outcome with the caries extension towards the pulp.In addition to evaluate the cost - effectiveness of the Hall Technique in comparison with the conventional restorations. Finally to estimate whether this technique can be performed efficiently by both the specialized dentists and general practitioners in terms of putting the appropriate treatment plan based on the radiographic assessment.Material and methods : A retrospective research was conducted, standardized bitewing radiographs of 100 patients between 3 - 9 years old were evaluated for marginal bone changes. The distance between the cemento - enamel junctions and the alveolar bonecrest was measured. The dentine was evaluated as well regarding the existence of clear band of dentine and the extension of the caries towards the pulp of the tooth. - The cost effectiveness was conducted by creating a scenario of the possible outcomes for the treatment decision whether it was Hall preformed metal crown or traditional restoration. Incremental cost - effectiveness ratio was calculated to find the savingamount value. - A panel consisting of five general practitioners and three specialized dentists weas asked to evaluate twelve bitewings radiograph presented to them and give their opinion whether these radiographs are suitable for Hall Technique or not.Results : The result of this presented study showed that there is decreasing in the distance between the cemento - enamel junction and alveolar bone level at the Hall PMCs treatment side between the before and after insertion periods.it also showed thatthere's no different bone level changes between the Hall preformed metal crown treatment side and its contra - lateral side regardless of its condition (Hall preformed metal crowns, no Hall preformed metal crowns). - A high rate of successful treatment is highly associated with observing a clear band of dentine but it is not associated with the carious extinction toward the pulp as long as a clear band of dentine can be seen. - The Hall Technique is more cost - effective by making more cost saving and more gained teeth. The Hall Technique can be performed efficiently by both the general practitioners and the specialized dentist.Conclusion : according on the results of this research it can be settled that there are no adverse effects of using Hall preformed metal crowns regarding the increase of occlusalvertical dimension and the periodontal condition also the Hall Technique is more costeffective and can be performed by specialized dentists as well as the general practitioners.

تقييم تاثير وجود الكحول في الغسولات الفموية على تلاشي قوة السلاسل التقويمية المرنة المختلفة الاشكال : دراسة مختبرية == Evaluation of The Effect of Alcohol Presence In Mouth Washes On Force Degradation of Different Configurations of Elastomeric Chains (An In Vitro Study)

Author name: نور نوري عباس عبد الله
Supervisor name: نضال حسين غايب
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Elastomeric chains are one of the most commonly used force delivery systems. They have the ability to exert an interrupted force, convenience of use, compatibility to oral environment and cost effectiveness despite of the inherited disadvantage which is force degradation.This in vitro study was designed to evaluate the effect of alcohol presence in mouthwashes on force degradation of different configurations of clear elastomeric chains from Ortho Technology company which are : closed, short and long under the effect of time at different intervals (Initial, 1day, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) with exposure to different chemical solutions.A total of (540) elastomeric chains of three different types (long, short and closed) transparent in color, with an initial length (19mm) and about 50% extension (29mm) were used for the study. These elastomeric chains was divided into four groups and exposed to different chemical solutions (Distilled water, Listerine Original alcoholic mouthwash, Listerine Zero alcohol mouth wash, Ethanol 26.9%) twice daily for 60 seconds each according to manufacturer's instructions to measure the amount of force degradation in different time intervals. These elastomeric chains were incubated in covered glass containers at 37C? for the entire testing period.The results of the present study showed that the elastomeric chains were greatly affected by time, the majority of force loss occurred after the first 24hr. then followed by a less steep gradient for the rest of the working period.We can conclude that alcoholic mouth wash (Listerine Original) causes an increase in force degradation of all types of elastomeric chains while alcohol free mouth wash (Listerine Zero) causes less force degradation of all types of elastomeric chains, additionally closed configuration elastomeric chains has the least percentage of force degradation than other configurations of elastomeric chains.

الحركة الوحشية للطاحن العلوي الاول باستخدام انواع مختلفة من الاجهزة مسبقة الصنع : دراسة مختبرية مقارنة == Distal Movement of Maxillary First Molar Using Different Types of Ready Made Appliances : An In Vitro Comparative Study

Author name: ليث عمر المولى
Supervisor name: هند طاهر جرجيس
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Maxillary molar distalization is an important method for correcting class II molar relationship.The important thing in the use the distalizing appliances is to reduce the patient cooperation with minimizing the effects of distalizing appliances on the anchoring teeth.Aims : The aim of this study is to compare three different intra - maxillary molar distalization devices with different designs , force direction. Other aims are to compare the effect of these devices on first permanent molars in mesiodistal , buccopalatal, rotational aspects. It aims also to compare the effect of these devices on the first premolar ( which is a part of anchoring system ).Materials and Methods : The samples consisted of three groups; Frog appliance, K - Loop spring and Multidistalizing arch on typodont simulation system (Ormaco). Upper typodont arch of class II division I was used.Pre and postoperative digital images were taken and analysed using AutoCAD software for each group, Six parameters was measured and compared ; first molar ( vertical change ,tipping change ,rotation, distalization rate) and first premolar (vertical change ,tipping change).A significant value of 0.05 was determined.Results : The results of present study showed that the multidistalizing arch gave rise a significant distal tipping, extrusion, distopalatal rotation of first molar and gave rise the highest mean value of first molar distalization rate. Also, gave rise a significant distal tipping and extrusion of first premolar.Frog appliance showed the lowest mean value of molar distalization rate ,distal tipping and rotation , in comparison with Multidistalizing arch (MDA) and K - Loop spring. Also, these parameters ranged between the highest and lowest mean value in extrusion of first molar , first premolar vertical change , Also showed lowest mean of distal tipping of first premolar than Multidistalizing arch (MDA).K - Loop spring ranged between the highest and lowest mean value distalization rate , distal tipping of first molar. Also, showed the lowest mean value in extrusion of first molar and extrusion of first premolar and rotation of first molar.However, The K - Loop spring show mesial tipping of first premolar in comparisom with (MDA) and Frog appliance that show distal tipping of first premolar.Conclusions : It is concluded that the three methods are effective in molar distalization. The best method of first molar distalization ranged between the K - Loop spring and Frog appliance. Consequently the two methods showed good amount of molar distalization with minimal effects on first molar and first premolar.

تاثير التدخين الخفيف على المستويات اللعابية لانزيم الفوسفاتيز القلوي والاوستيوكالسين لدى مرضى التهاب اللثة المزمن == Effects of Light Smoking On Salivary Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase And Osteocalcin In Chronic Periodontitis Patients

Author name: لبابة عبد الصمد عبد الامير
Supervisor name: باسمة غفوري علي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Around the Teeth Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Department Of Periodontics And Peridontics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and it is common among adults. Smoking is an important risk factor for periodontitis that induces alveolar bone loss. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme is involved in the destruction of the human periodontium. It is produced by many cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, osteoblasts, macrophages and fibroblasts within the area of the periodontium and gingival crevice. Osteocalcin is one of the most abundant matrix proteins found in bones and the only matrix protein synthesized exclusively there. Small osteocalcin fragments are found in areas of bone remodeling and are actually degradation products of the bone matrix.Aims of the study 1. Investigate whether light smoker chronic periodontitis patients exhibit different salivary concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase and Osteocalcin compared to the non - smoker counterpart and compare to light smoker and nonsmoker control groups and 2.Correlate the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) to the biochemical findings in light smokers and non - smokers chronic periodontitis and control groups. 3. Estimation of the salivary PH and flow rate and correlate them with clinical periodontal and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods Five ml of unstimulated whole saliva samples and fullmouth clinical periodontal recordings (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) were obtained from study groups (25 light smokers and 33 non - smokers subjects, both with chronic periodontitis) and control groups (8 light smokers and 13 non - smokers subjects, both with healthy periodontium). All subjects were systemically healthy males, with age range (30 - 50) years. Salivary Alkaline phosphatase and Osteocalcin levels were determined by Colorimetric and Enzyme - linked Immunosorbent Assay, respectively. Salivary PH and flow rate were also measured.Results Smoker chronic periodontitis patients revealed non - significant differences in clinical periodontal parameters with non - smoker counterparts (P > 0.05) in terms of plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, salivary PH and flow rate, with slight increase in plaque index value in smoker chronic periodontitis group(1.42±0.46) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (1.38±0.50), while there was slight decrease in mean value of probing pocket depth (3.90±1.78), clinical attachment level (3.22±0.93) and PH (7.58±0.50) in smoker chronic periodontitis group than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (4.27±1.98), (3.74±0.85), (7.73±0.33) respectively. Flow rate value was higher in smoker chronic periodontitis (4.80±2.69) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (4.67±2.09). While there were highly significant differences in terms of gingival index and bleeding on probing (P ? 0.01). Osteocalcin levels were lower in smoker chronic periodontitis group (0.13±0.20) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (1.09±2.26) with significant difference (0.05 ? P > 0.01). Highly significant, strong, positive correlations were found between Osteocalcin concentration with plaque index and PH in non - smoker control group. Correlation analysis between Osteocalcin concentration and flow rate in smoker chronic periodontitis group revealed a significant, moderate, positive correlation.Mean of Alkaline phosphatase level was lower in smoker chronic periodontitis (11.14±4.53) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis (11.45±4.17) with a nonsignificant difference, while there was a significant difference in Alkaline phosphatase concentrations between smoker and non - smoker control subgroups.Correlation analysis between ALP concentration and clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) in chronic periodontitis smoker group appear non - significant, weak,negative and related non - significantly, weakly, positively with PH and flow rate. Clinical attachment level and PH correlated non - significantly, weakly, negatively with Alkaline phosphatase concentration, while plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and flow rate related non - significantly, weakly, positively with Alkaline phosphatase concentration in chronic periodontitis non - smoker group. There was a significant, moderate, negative correlation between salivary PH and bleeding on probing and significant, weak, negative correlation regarding probing pocket depth in smoker chronic periodontitis group.A significant, weak, positive correlation between salivary flow rate and clinical attachment level was found in non - smoker chronic periodontitis group.There were non - significant differences between smoker chronic periodontitis and smoker control groups in terms of salivary PH, flow rate, Osteocalcin and Alkaline phosphatase concentrations. There were non - significant differences between non - smoker chronic periodontitis and non - smoker control groups in terms of PH, flow rate, Osteocalcin and Alkaline phosphatase concentrations. There were non - significant, weak increase in Alkaline phosphatase concentration compared to the increase in Osteocalcin concentration in smoker and non - smoker chronic periodontitis and smoker control groups, while there was a nonsignificant, weak decrease in Alkaline phosphatase concentration with increase in Osteocalcin concentration in non - smoker control group. Conclusion Within the limits of this study, it may be suggested that suppression of salivary Osteocalcin levels by smoking and weak increase in Alkaline phosphatase in smokers groups, may explain the deleterious effects of smoking on periodontal healthstatus.

تاثير انابيب الكاربون النانوية متعددة الجدران على الصلادة والتوصيلية الحرارية لمينا الاسنان == Effect of Multi - Wall Carbon Nano Tubes On The Microhardness And Thermal Conductivity of Dental Namel

Author name: محمد كاظم جواد
Supervisor name: عباس فاضل علي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral Histology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of Multi - Wall Carbon Nano ubes(MWCNTs) of different concentration (0.05 mg/mL - 1, 0.25 mg/mL - 1, 0.5 mg/mL - 1and 1 mg/mL - 1) with on either (dimethyl sulphoxide DMSO and distilled water DW) on tooth enamel. It is intended to evaluate enamel microhardness in (Kg.m - 2) and enamel thermal conductivity before and after the application of (MWCNTs).Ninety mandubular first premolar were prepared for this study. They were divided into two groups. The first group contains 54 sample to measure the microhardness of the enamel. To overcome the teeth curvature in microhardness measurement, the position of indenter were optimized to coincide linear buccal surface. The second group contains 36 sample to measure the thermal conductivity of the enamel were prepared by cutting enamel part in triangle form with a base of 7. 5 mm , height of 9. 5 mm and thickness of 2 mm according to the requirements of the Fourier’s law by abrasive disk.The results enamel microhardness showed that a significant increase in the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity for groups 0.05 mg/mL (group B) , 0.25 mg/mL (group C ) , 0.5 mg/mL (group D ) and 1 mg/mL (group E ) compared with control group (group A ) in DW media and DMSO media. The results showed a significant increase in the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity for polished samples compared with unpolished samples in DW media and DMSO media. DMSO media increases the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity more effectively than DW media. Scanning electron microscope showed a significant deposition of MWCNTs in the depth of the enamel exceeding the surface layer. The polished specimens had more deposited MWCNTs compared with non - polished specimens. However, the nano dimensions with conjunction with pre - chemical treatment enabled the MWCNTs to penetrate and settle down inside the enamel.The final conclusion highest mean value obtained was 1 mg/mL (group E ) in the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity suspension in DW media and DMSO media.

دراسة لتحويرات نانوية مختلفة لسطح زرعة الاسنان من معدن التيتانيوم النقي تجاريا باستعمال الطريقة الكيميائية وطريقة التبخير الحراري : تقييم ميكانيكي ونسيجي == Study Different Nano Surface Modifications On CPTi Dental Implant Using Chemical And Thermal Evaporation Methods : Mechanical And Histological Evaluation

Author name: بان ناهل شكر
Supervisor name: رغداء كريم جاسم
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Prosthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Dental implants provide a unique treatment modality for the replacement of lost dentition. The clinical success of implants has been achieved not only because of the mechanical strength or cellent biocompatibility of the implant material but also owing to other characteristics such as surface properties.Aims of the study : The goal of this study was to consider the role of nanoscale topographic modification of commercial pure titanium dental implant using a thermal deposition and chemical etching methods for the purpose of improving osseointegration.Materials and methods : Commercial pure titanium rod was machined into 40 dental implants. Each implant was machined in diameter about 3mm, length of 8mm (5mm was threaded part and 3mm was flat part). Implants were prepared and divided into 4 groups according to the types of surface modification method used : 1st group (10 implant) machined surface i.e remained without nano surface modification (control),2nd group include (10 implant)etched with 15N H2SO4 and 30% H2O2,3rd group include (10 implant)were coated with nano CPTi powder by thermal evaporation deposition technique,4th group (10 implant)were chemically etched with H2SO4 and H2O2 method to obtain a nano feature then coated with nano powder of CPTi by thermal evaporation deposition technique.Nano surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Xray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), thickness measurement and microscopical examination for the invitro experiments. For the invivo part of study, the tibia of 10 white New Zealand rabbits were chosen as implantation sites. The tibia of each rabbit received two screws. Biomechanical test was performed after two weeks healing periods. Implants from eight animals were tested for the torque required to remove the implantfrom the bone and the other two animals were prepared for histological examination.Results : For invitro results, scanning electron microscope showed that chemical etching of Ti substrate becomes highly porous and has surface consisting of nano_sized pits and the combination of chemical etching and thermal evaporation of nano Ti showed nano rod like structure. The results of removal torque means value after 2 weeks of implantation showed that, there was a gradual increase in the removal torque mean values in the studied groups as a follow (M±SD) : 12.625 N.cm ± 0.517 machined surface, 30.500 N.cm ± 4.071 chemically etched, 46.875 N.cm ± 5.938 nano CPTi coating by thermal evaporation method, 51.250 N.cm ± 5.175 combination method of chemical etching and nano CP Ti coating. In addition, the histological analysis showed improved quality of bone in response to the nano surface modified screws, especially the combination treated implants show a well developed mature bone characterized by a well developed bony threads and haversian canal. Conclusion : The biomechanical and biological properties of the bone - implant interface associated with the nano modified implants were improved comparing to the unmodified implants. All nano modified CP Ti seems to be well tolerated by the bone since no adverse tissue reaction was evident and they have better mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility through the improved performance regarding the bone implant contact area than the untreated implants.

نقييم الالفا اميليز والكورتيزول في اللعاب كمؤشرين جيويين للتوتر النفسي وعلاقتها بامراض المفصل الصدغي بين عينة من طلاب كلية طب الاسنان == Assessment of Alpha - Amylase And Cortisol As Salivary Psychological Stress Markers In Relation To Temporomandibular Disorders Among A Sample of Dental Students

Author name: سرمد قيس علي
Supervisor name: رجاء هادي الجبوري
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : University dental students perceived a higher level of stress prior to each examation especially the final. Therefore, there is a need for a useful noninvasive biomarker for measuring acute stress in those students. Many studies considered salivary alpha - amylase as a stress biomarker that is most often used in conjunction with cortisol. Understanding of the exact association between these two salivary stress markers are poorly established. Using a Helkimo anamnestic and clinical dysfunction scoring index for temporomandibular disorders can give a better insight about the association between these markers and temporomandibular joint disorders.The aims of study : was to evaluate the levels of salivary alpha - amylase and salivary cortisol in stressed students with temporomandibular joint disorders and the differences between these markers in relation to temporomandibular joint disorders students. This might give a better understanding to the role of psychological stress as an etiological factors for developing temporomandibular joint problems.Subjects, materials and methods : A total eighty (60 study and 20 control) participants aged between 20 and 24 years, were recruited for this study. The participants were final year undergraduate Baghdad university dental students who were examined and gave saliva samples before their final academic examination. Those with temporomandibular joint disorders problems were exposed to psychological stress and included on the study. While, those who were taking corticosteroids or hormone supplementation including oral contraceptives, or having history of head injury, orthodontic treatment, occlusal disharmonies and muscle tenderness due to systemic diseases as fibromyalgia, or having more than 2 missing posterior teeth were excluded. Salivary assay kits (alpha - amylase and cortisol) were used to measure those variables and a Helkimo anamnestic and clinical dysfunction scoring for temporomandibular joint disorders were utilized in this study.Results : There is statistically a highly significant difference of the salivary cortisol and salivary alpha - amylase in the patient group( stress with temporomandibular joint disorders) and control group. The absence of correlation between these salivary markers was founded. Correlation analysis of salivary cortisol with Helkimo anamnestic and clinical dysfunction score shows positive association expressed by significant probability of error (p) value while for salivary alpha - amylase there is no association.Conclusion : This study demonstrates that salivary alpha amylase can be used as a stress biomarker in conjunction with cortisol to assess temporomandibular joint problems due to psychological stress in university students.

الظواهر الوجهية والفموية، عوامل الاكسدة ومضادات الاكسدة في مصل ولعاب مرضى فقر الدم البحر الابيض المتوسط نوع بيتا في مدينة كربلاء == Oro - Facial Manifestations, Oxidative Stress And Antioxidants Markers In Serum And Saliva of Patients With Beta Thalassemia Major In Karbala City

Author name: مؤيد صاحب عباس شمسه
Supervisor name: تغريد فاضل زيدان
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Thalassemia is a hereditary anemia resulting from defects in hemoglobin production. Beta Thalassemia, which is caused by a decrease in the production of beta globin chains, affects multiple organs and is ssociated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Aims of the study : The aims of this study were to study the oro - facial manifestations in beta thalassemia major patients and evaluation of the oxidative stress status in serum and saliva represented by malondialdehyde as xidative stress indicator and also assessment of serum and saliva antioxidants which are ceruloplasmin and uric acid in beta thalassemic patients with and without periodontitis and compared that with the healthy individuals in addition to investigate the relation between the clinical findings and laboratory investigations.Methods : Eighty seven (87) subjects were consented and contributed in this study, twenty eight (28) thalassemic patients with periodontitis, thirty (30) thalassemic patients without periodontitis and twenty nine (29) healthy subjects that were age matched with the patients. Oral examination has been done for each subject. Serum and saliva sample have been taken from each subject for analysis, to study malondialdehyde as oxidative stress and antioxidants ceruloplasmin and uric acid.Results : Malocclusion was the most common prevalent oro - facial manifestations (60%), followed by rodent face (35%), brown pigmentation of oral mucosa (23%) and incompetent lip (8%). The mean serum and saliva malondialdehyde were significantly higher in thalassemic patients with periodontitis than that in thalassemic patients without periodontitis and healthy subjects (p<0.001), while the mean serum and saliva ceruloplasmin were significantly higher in control group than that in other study groups (p<0.001). The mean serum uric acid was significantly higher in thalassemic patients without periodontitis than that in thalassemic patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects (p<0.001) and the mean saliva uric acid was significantly higher in thalassemic patients without periodontitis (p<0.05) compaired with thalassemic patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. The results of this study showed that there were no significant correlation between serum and saliva malondialdehyde in any of study groups, while there was a positive significant linear correlation between serum and saliva ceruloplasmin in thalassemic patients with periodontitis (p<0.05), a negative significant linear correlation in healthy subjects (p<0.05) , a positive significant linear correlation in thalassemic patients without periodontitis (p<0.001). The results showed that there was a positive significant linear correlation between serum and saliva uric acid in thalassemic patients with periodontitis (p<0.05), a positive significant correlation in thalassemic patients without periodontitis (p<0.001) and no significant correlation between serum and saliva in healthy subjects. On the other hand there were no significant correlation between serum and saliva (malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin and uric acid) and clinical attachment loss (p>0.05), except a positive significant linear correlation between clinical attachment loss and salivamalondialdehyde (p<0.05) was found. Conclusions : Malocclusion was the most prevalent oro - facial manifestations of beta thalassemia major patients. Oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of beta thalassemia ,which was the main cause of red blood cells destruction represented by significant elevation of serum and saliva malondialdehyde and significant reduction of ceruloplasmin. Also oxidative stress remain contributing factor in periodontal tissue destruction, which was appeared as a significant increased level of saliva malondialdehyde and decreased saliva ceruloplasmin in patients with periodontitis and there was a significant correlation between saliva malondialdehyde and clinical attachment loss

التقييم النسيجي والكيمائي النسيجي المناعي لتاثير الاستخدام على VEGF/ N - acetyl D - glucosamine الموضعي ل شفاء العظم : دراسة تجريبية على الجرذان == Histological And Immunohistochemical Evaluation of The Effect of Local Exogenous Application of VEGF /N - Acetyl D - Glucosamine On Bone Healing : (Experimental Study In Rats)

Author name: ایناس فاضل كاظم
Supervisor name: عذراء يحيى الحجازي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral Histology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue has been shown to contain numerous cell - to - cell signaling peptides called growth factors. These growth factors are thought to have important regulating effects for bone remodeling and bone healing. Several growth factors are expressed during fracture repair. of these, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is of particular interest because of its ability to induce neovascularization (angiogenesis). The responses to exogenous VEGF observed that a slow - release formulation of VEGF, applied locally at the site of bone damage, may prove to be an effective therapy to promote human bone repair. N - acetyl glucosamine is a monosaccharide, which are the derivatives of carbohydrates, it helps the body in making several other chemical agents which are used in the formation of bones, muscles and cartilages.N - acetylglucosamine is very effective in providing support for the skeletal system of the humans, and may provide strength to the ligaments and joints, and the skin remains fresh and glowing. Aims of study1. To identify role of local exogenous application of vascular endothelial growth factor and application of N - acetyl - D glucose amine as a biomaterial in bone healing.2. To analyze the expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor, tissue non specific ALP and bone matrix protein (collagen - 1) by immunohistochemistry in created bone defect after application with different biomaterials in a rat model. Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study fifty four male Albino rats, weighting (300 - 400) gram, aged (6 - 8) months were used and maintained under control conditions of temperature, drinking and food consumption. The animals were subjected for a surgical operation of medial sides of both tibial bone ( right side was considered as experimental site ,while left be the control one). The animals were divided into following groups according to the applicable growth factors.A. Contol group the bone defect treated with 1?m of normal saline and its number represented the all number of the following experimental groups as the left side of each animal considered to be the control.B. Experimental group includes ? Group I contains (18) rats, the bone defect treated with 1?ml of Vascular endothelial growth factor. ? Group II contains (18) rats the bone defect treated with 1?ml of Nacetyl D - glucosamine.? Group III contains (18) rats, the bone defect treated with 1?m combination of (VEGF& N - acetyl D - glucosamine).Every single group composed of 18 rats that studied in three periods 3,7,10 days (6 rats for each period). Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation for VEGF, alkaline phosphatase and collagen type 1 were carried for all animals.Results : A. For Histological findings An early apposition of osteoid tissue was detected in VEGF group. Osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast cells count were demonstrated to be with high mean value in VEGF group followed by N - acetyl Dglucosamine group in periods 3,7,10 days post operative of bone defect.Inflammatory phase as first step in bone healing was detected in all study groups at 3 day, and combination group records highest value in the mean of inflammatory cell count in comparisum to others. Finally thestudy demonstrated that exogenous VEGF/ N - acetyl D - glucosamine has a direct effect on osteoblastic activity.B. For Immunohistochemical findings The present result showed positive expression of VEGF by bone marrow stromal cells, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, precursor endothelial cells, and bone cells include osteoblasts and active osteocytes in different periods in all groups but in different score. Therefore, our primarily data provide evidence that VEGF activity is essential for appropriate bone formation and mineralization in response to injury. At day 3, bone marrow stromal cells in combination group records highVEGF expression, VEGF group is the second. At 7 and 10 day VEGF group records a highest VEGF expression in comparisum to other groups. The data showed a high expression for ALP during the formative stages of bone in all groups except combination group shows the lowest count for positive cells that expressed ALP.the present results showed that at day 3, bone marrow stromal cells in VEGF and N - acetyl D - glucosamine group records high collagen type I expression. Conclusion : the study demonstrated that low application of VEGF / Nacetyl D - glucosamine could be an effective therapeutic for bone injuries, these data are promising for a possible future clinical usage.

Assessment of The Oral Findings, Salivary Oxidative Status And Iga Level Among Group of Workers Exposed To Petroleum Pollutants In Al - Daura Oil Refinery

Author name: امير سعد حمزة
Supervisor name: Jamal Noori Ahmed
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Petroleum is perhaps the most important substance consumed in modern society. Petroleum is unique and s a complex mixture of thousands of compounds. Oil refinery workers are continuously exposed to numerous hazardous materials and working conditions that place them at continuous risk of injury and death.Petroleum contains the heavy metals as a natural constituent or as additives. The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. Several carcinogenic metals such as arsenic, cobalt, chromium, lead, mercury, and nickel induce redox reactions in living systems. These metals induce the production of reactive oxygen species in both in vivo and in vitro systems. These radicals have rendered oxidative damage to deoxyribonucleic acid, proteins, and lipids. Secretory immunoglobulin A is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions from the tear glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, the respiratory system, the genito - urinary tract, and the gastrointestinal tract.Aims of the study Assessment of the salivary levels of heavy metals among the workers of Al - Daura oil refinery, assessment of the oxidative status in the oral cavity of the workers by measurement of Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase markers,assessment of the oral immunological activity by measurement of secretory immunoglobulin A level in saliva and Assessment of the oral findings among the workers.Subjects, Materials and Methods This study was done in Al - Daura oil refinery, samples consist of 60 workers involved in refining processes as study group subdivided into three subgroups which represent the different sections in the refinery and 20 subjects not involved in refining processes as control group. Oral examination and saliva collection was done to assess the oral findings and measure the level of heavy metals (lead and cadmium), oxidative status (Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase) and secretory IgA.Results The mean of salivary lead and cadmium was higher in study group (6.34 ?g/dl and 0.56 ?g/l respectively) than that of control group (3.3?g/dl and 0.34 ?g/l respectively) with highly significant difference (p

تقيم معارف العناية الذاتية للمرضى المصابين بداء السكري النوع الثاني في مركز السكري في محافظة بابل == Assessment Of Self - Care Knowledge Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients At Diabetic Center In Babylon Governorate

Author name: سالم كريم هجول الجبوري
Supervisor name: سلمى كاظم جهاد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت دراسة وصفية (عرضيه مقطعيه) للفترة من 20/10/2015 ولغاية 25/6/2016 من اجل تقييم معارف الرعاية الذاتية لمرضى السكري النوع الثاني في مركز السكري في محافظة بابل. وقد اختيرت عينة هادفة من (120) مريضا باستخدام تقنية اخذ العينات غير الاحتمالية، التي تشمل ا | A descriptive design cross - sectional study has conducted throughout the period of October 20th 2015 to June 25th 2016 in order to assess the self - care knowledge of patients with type II diabetics mellitus at diabetic center in Babylon Governorate. A Purposive sample of (120) subjects were selected throughout the use of non - probability sampling approach, that include patients who were diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus visiting diabetic center in Merjan medical city/ Babylon Governorate. A questionnaire was constructed to achieve the objectives of the present study, comprised of four domains including (50) items. Data was collected from patients attending for or treatment diabetic center in Hilla city through the use of interview technique, during the duty shift for the purpose of receiving health care, each patients' individually interviewed, helped by the researcher and taking a corresponded period of between ( 20 - 25) minutes. The questionnaire was clear and adequate for the measurement of the phenomenon except some adjustments are made on few items according to the experts' suggestions.Reliability of the questionnaire was determined through a pilot study and the validity was achieved through a panel of (16) experts. Data were analyzed through use of the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 20). Reliability was concerned with the consistency and dependability of the research instrument. Determination of internal consistency, reliability of the questionnaire is based on computation of Alpha Cronbach's Correlation Coefficient.The findings of the study indicated that Type II diabetes mellitus age group have old age. Sample less opportunity to read and write.Results of the diabetes mellitus patients demonstrated that sample acceptable level of socio - economic status. Regarding residency it was shown that most Diabetes mellitus type II patients existed in urban areas. study sample was found to score body mass index of overweight feature. Fortunately participants showed a good knowledge about the diabetes mellitus and its complications. In regard to knowledge of sample about self - care it was demonstrated that their achievements were fine. Self - care in diabetes has been defined as an evolutionary process of development of knowledge or awareness by learning to survive with the complex nature of the diabetes in a social context. The recent study summarized that some dietary behaviors need more attention from the patient to regulate and balance the condition, It is interesting to find out that sample study had reached good scores in regard to different issues of self - care except with some exercises and activities related to foot care. As well as current study concluded that Patients' age, levels of education, family history of diabetes and marital status affect their knowledge level as overall. The study recommended that. Patients with chronic diseases like the current one need to be educated in regard to some misconceptions such as treatment of the illness, Although majority of patients know the signs and symptoms of disease, health care facility can help in emphasizing the lack of information in some areas of the subject, Some self - care results show deficits concerning the diet, appropriate strategies such as give priorities to those very vital factors in controlling blood sugar when teaching patients can be used to correct the patients dietary habits. Educational materials or programs designed to assist Patients in practicing some activities to reduce burden of the condition.

العوامل المؤثرة على نوعية حياة المرضى المصابين بالجلطة الدماغية في مركز الفرات الاوسط للعلوم العصبية في مدينة النجف الاشرف == Factors Affecting Quality Of Life For Patients With Cerebrovascular Accident In Middle Euphrates Neuroscience Center In Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf City

Author name: احمد صالح رضا القاضي
Supervisor name: سحر ادهم علي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية الدراسة : تعتبر الجلطة الدماغية سبب رئيسي مؤثر يقلل مستوى نوعية حياة المرضى. قياس نوعية الحياة للاشخاص الذين يعانون من امراض مزمنة يعطي رؤية واضحة لتحديد اثره على مقدمي الرعاية الصحية عندما تكون النتيجة غير ممكنه. العوامل المؤثرة على نوعية الحياة لم | Background : Cerebrovascular accident is a main leading cause affectedly decrease the level of quality of life of the patients. The measurement of quality of life for population with chronic diseases gives a clear view to determine the impact on health care providers when prognosis is not possible. Factors affecting the quality of life may be vary between different age categorize such as CVA young and old CVA patients, different factors have affected the quality of life, related to the following aspects : motor impairment, physical dysfunction or dependency in activity of daily living, the presence of depression ,cognitive impairment, and speech disturbances.The main aim of the study : To identify the factors affecting the quality of life for patients suffering from cerebrovascular accident.Design of the study : Descriptive cross - sectional study design was selected to achieve the objectives of this study the factors affecting quality of life for patients diagnosed with cerebrovascular accident in Middle Euphrates Neuroscience center in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf City, for the period between 27 October 2015 and 30 August 2016.Setting : A unique center was selected to conduct the study, the outpatient department in Middle Euphrates Neuroscience center in Al Najaf Al Ashraf City are used to collect the data.Sample of the study : Non probability ( purposive sample ) from patients with CVA (N=80) were selected to find out the factors affecting quality of life for patients with cerebral vascular accident. Data was collected by using an assessment questionnaire which was adopted and developed by the researcher to assess the factors affecting the quality of life for patients with cerebrovascular accident. It is divided of three parts : demographical data as the first part, clinical information is the second part, while the specific CVA quality of life questionnaire which extended to 48 items distributed upon 12 main domains as (energy and activity, family relationship, speaking, movement, mood, personality, self - care, social role, thinking, in addition upper extremities functions, vision, and work / productive ) is the third part. Validity of the questionnaire obtain by (19) experts, who work in different fields to obtain the reability of the questionnaire alpha cronbach was used as a statistical method.The majority of the study sample were between (59 - 69) of age. The highest percentage of the study sample were males and were married. On the other hand the highest percentage of the sample were illiterate , housewives and urban area residents. The scores of the quality of life of the majority of the study sample were high effected regarding the following domains : (energy and activity), plus movement, moderate effect presented related to the family relationship, speaking, mood, self - management, social role, thinking, function of the upper extremities, vision, and job / productive, while low effect score recorded for personality.Conclusion : The overall quality of life level of the CVA patient who participate in the study was moderate. The QOL for patient with CVA were significantly effected related to their age, occupation, and educational level. Chronic diseases, type of CVA and it's duration play as highly effecting factors related to the patient's quality of life.Recommendation : Establishing structured program realizing the challenges that might face the post CVA patients because this long journey need special planned care to improve patient's quality of life by special rehabilitation unit, the unit services may be extended for the patient's family.

الانماط الجينية والبروتين الرابط للرتينول 4 في مرضى الاعتلال الكلوي السكري النوع الثاني == Gene Polymorphism And Retinol Binding Protein 4 In Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

Author name: احمد جبار عباس
Supervisor name: مها فاضل سميسم | علاء حسين ال حيدر
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: داء السكري هو مرض ايضي له تاثير على ايض الكاربوهيدرات والدهون والبروتينات. ومن مضاعفات السكري اعتلال الكلية السكري، الذي يعد السبب الرئيسي للفشل الكلوي المزمن. الليبوكالينات هي عائلة من البروتينات التي تنقل الجزيئات الكارهة للماء صغيرة مثل السروئيدات | Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease involving carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the significant complication of diabetes, which is at the present time the major cause of chronic renal failure. The lipocalins are a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, retinoids, and lipids. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP 4) is a member of the lipocalin family of proteins and it has a role in insulin resistance. A meta - analysis demonstrated a significant association between the polymorphism of glucose transporter1 gene with DN. The presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms may contribute to a decreased eNOS activity and a lowered nitric oxide level, and has been reported to be a potential factor in the development and pathogenesis of DN. The study aimed the evaluation of lipid profiles and determination of their association with retinol binding protein 4 expression in diabetic patients, evaluation of gene expression of eNOS G894T polymorphism in diabetic patients to predict its relationship with nephropathy in future, and evaluation of gene level of GluT1 polymorphism in diabetic patients to predict its relationship with nephropathy in future. This study was conducted in Hilla city, from December 2015 to April 2016. The samples were collected from Babylon Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology in Marjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon / Hilla city.This study was included 160 subjects, who were (35 - 58) years old and BMI between (25 - 29.9) which were divided into groups : Control group 80 apparently healthy persons included 40 male control group (MC) and 40 females control group (FC). Eighty patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 include (40 males group (M)) and (40 females group (F)). Blood samples (10 ml) were taken from fasting subjects. Two milliliters of blood were put in EDTA tube used for the determination of HbA1c and genetic study and 8 milliliters of blood were put in plane tube and centrifuged to separated serum to measure (glucose, insulin, retinol binding protein 4 and lipid profile ( and insulin resistance was measured by equations. The results show : 1. There is a significant increase in the mean of fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin level, insulin resistance in groups M and F as compared to the control groups, (p<0.01), but there was no significant increase between two patient groups (p ? 0.05)2. The significant increase (P <0.01) in total cholesterol (TC), TG, LDL - C and VLDL - C, while serum HDL - C concentration was found significantly decrease (P<0.01) in patient groups as compared with the control groups, and no significant increase or decrease in lipid profiles in comparison between patients groups (P ? 0.05).3. There is significant increase (P< 0.01) in RBP4 between patients and control groups, and not significant (P?0.05) difference between patient groups.4. Group M shows significant positive correlations (r = 0.514, p= 0.0012 and r = 0.536, p = 0.0034) of RBP4 concentration with serum fasting insulin concentration and HOMA - IR respectively, in group F, the results show a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.502, p = 0.001 and r = 0.474, p = 0.02) between RBP4 concentration with serum fasting insulin concentration and HOMA - IR respectively.5. A significant positive correlations was found (r = 0.486, p 0.001; r = 0.388, p 0.013; r =0.385, p=0.014) for serum RBP4 concentration with TC, TG and LDL - C concentrations respectively, and significantly negative with HDL - C (r = - 0.424, p =0.006) in group M, also positive correlation (r = 0.443, p =0.004; r = 0.467, p = 0.002; r = 0.435, p = 0.005) of RBP4 with TC, TG, LDL - C respectively and negatively with HDL - C (r = - 0.453, P = 0.003) in group F.6. A significant increase (< 0.01) in non HDL - C between patients and control groups and no significant (?0.05) difference between patient groups.7. According to the results of genotyping, XbaI polymorphism wasidentified as homologous genotype XbaI ( - / - ) were 12 (30%) in the group M, 14 (35%) in the group F, 3(7.5%) in the group MC and in the group FC 2(5%), while individuals have heterozygous genotype XbaI ( - /+) were 7 (17.5%) in the group M, 10 (25%) in the group F, 10 (25%) in group MC and in the group FC 8(20%).8. A significant association between the frequency of XbaI ( - / - ) variant in group M in compared with group MC an odd ratio = 5.14 and confidence interval at 95% level of (1.36 - 19.4), and in group F in compared with group FC an odds ratio = 13.12 and confidence interval at 95% of (2.64 - 65.07). 9. According to the results of genotyping, G894T polymorphism for eNOS gene was identified as homologous genotype TT were 7 (17.5%) in group M, 9 (22.5%) in group F, 8 (20%) in group MC and 10 (25%) in group FC, while individuals have heterozygous genotype G/T were 21 (52.5%) in group M, 20 (50%) in group F, 6 (15%) in group MC and 7 (17.5%) in group FC.10. A significant frequency of GT variant in group M is compared with group MC with odds ratio = 7.58 and confidence at 95% level of (2.43 - 23.62), and in patients of group F as compared with group FC with odds ratio = 7.27 and confidence interval at 95% of (2.4 - 22.02).In conclusion, the RBP4 is associated in causing insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. The high levels of Non HDL - C in diabetic patient contribute in progression of diabetic nephropathy. The GLUT1 polymorphism in diabetic type 2 patients specially patients with XbaI ( - / - ) and eNOS gene polymorphism G/T allele have a role in progression to diabetic nephropathy.

دراسة الملف المصلي وتقييم بعض الخصائص المناعية لدى مرضى الحزام الناري == Serum Profile Study And Evaluation Of Some Immune Features Among Patients With Shingles

Author name: زينب عبد النبي طليفح النصراوي
Supervisor name: حبيب صاحب نهر | محمد كاظم طاهر الحطاب
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Microbiology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية للفترة من 1شباط 2015 لغاية 3شباط 2016 وجمعت خلالها عينات المرضى المصابين بالحزام الناري من قسم الامراض الجلدية في العيادات الاستشارية في مستشفى مرجان التعليمي للتحري عن بعض الجوانب المناعية في المرضى, وكان العدد الكلي للمرضى 50 مريضا | This study was conducted during the period from 1st February 2015 to 3rd February 2016, and the samples were collected from dermatology department of the consultant clinic in Marjan Teaching Hospital to investigate certain immunological markers of patients with shingles. The total number of patients were whose their ages ranges were 14 - 80 years. Age group (40 - 61) years have the highest percentage of infection reaching 46%.The immunofluorescence test for Varicella Zoster virus - specific IgG showed 48 out 50 are positive(96%). The higher percentage of infection with shingles was in female (54%), while male patients the percentage was(46%).The results showed that patients with blood group (O+) have 50% of infection rate.When CD4 was investigated by ELISA test , the results showed that the mean± SD of serum level of CD4 in shingles patients and control group is (6.70± 0.97 and 9.36±2.02) ng/ml respectively. The concentration of CD4 was lower in patients with shingles than healthy control group, while concentration of CD8 and CD56were higher than healthy control group ( the mean± SD of serum level of CD8 in shingles patients and control group was 21.42±5.43 and19.11±3.29 ng /ml respectively, whereas the mean ± SD of CD56 concentration in shingles and control group were 107.58± 40.39 and 67.59 ± 36.31 ng/ml, respectively).The results also showed that the concentrations of IFN ? and TNF? were lower in patients with shingles compared with non - infected persons , as the following : the mean± SD of serum level of IFN ? in shingles patients and control group was 184.31±21.95 and 218.03±26.21 pg /ml respectively, and the mean ± SD of TNF? concentration in shingles and control group were 51.55± 5.14 and 62.35 ± 6.74 pg/ml, respectively. For IL 10, the concentration was higher in patients with shingles than that in the healthy control group; the mean± SD of serum level of IL 10 in shingles patients and control group was12.42±5.59 and 4.47±0.90 pg /ml respectively. This study was concluded following : • Gender represents a risk factor for the occurrence of shingles mainly at ages over 40 years old (higher in females than males).• Varicella Zoster virus specific IgG is a sensitive and specific test that can be used for the laboratory diagnosis of shingles.• Varicella Zoster virus reactivation has a suggested link with decreased level of soluble CD4 molecules and, for lesser extend with increased soluble CD8 and CD56 molecules in patients serum. • Blood group O+ might be consider as a risk factor for reactivation of VZV infection as the majority of patients were within this blood group.• A diminished role of the inflammatory TH1 cells in reactivated shingles patients is more likely as evident by the reduced concentration of IFN? and TNF? profiles. The Treg cells (CD4+ CD25+) seems to play a role in such reduction of TH1 proinflammatory cytokines as evident by the significant elevation of IL10 in shingles patients.

قياس تركيز الحديد والفرتين والارثروبويتين وفيتامين ب وحامض الفولك والبيروكسايديز الدرقي في مصل مرضى تضخم الغدة الدرقية حديثي التشخيص في محافظة بابل == Serum Iron,Ferritin,Thyroid Peroxidase ,B12,Erythropoietin And Folate Concentrations In Patients With Newly Diagnosed Hyperthyroidism In Babylon Province

Author name: سالينا عبد العباس ناصر الشمري
Supervisor name: محمد عبيد المحمدي | علاء صادق العواد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Nursing - Department Of Physiology And Medical Physics
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: فرط نشاط الغده الدرقيه : هو مرض يصيب الغده الدرقيه وذلك نظرا لارتفاع هرمون تي ثلاثه وتي اربعه وهما هرمونات الدرقيه ولوحظ ان هذا المرض يصيب النساء بنسبه اعلى من الرجال بسبب التاثير الهرموني للاناث مما يجعلها الاكثر عرضه لهذا المرض,من علامات هذا المرض هي زيا | Background : Hyperthyroidism is endocrine disease that occur due to high levels of thyroid gland hormones and this disease affected female more than male due to hormonal effect, the female is more susceptible to this disease.Sign of disease including increase in metabolic rate of patient,sweating,increase pulse,enlargement of thyroid gland(goiter) which by this sign can diagnosis the patient.Objective : Evaluate serum erythropoietin and its relation with increase metabolic rate as well as hemopoiesis,evaluate serum folic acid and vitamin B12 and its role in hyperthyroidism ,evaluate the correlation of thyroid peroxidase with thyroid hormones and evaluate serum iron and ferritin.Materials and methods : This study was done from October/2015 till July/2016.The total number of patients group in this study was seventy man and women.their age ranged 26 - 65 years,58 women and 12 men who was in patients group and 35 female and 5 male in control group.Patients data in this study was history of hypertension ,parity ,age and sex. The difficulty in my research was in collection of spa icemen from patients.Result : The result which obtained from this study found that high significant increase in ferritin,thyroid peroxidase,folate and erythropoietin (p?0.01) in patients as compare to control group.High significant decrease in iron and B12(p?0.01) in patients group compare to control group. in case of the age found the 30 - 39 years more effected age among patients group and the female more effected with disease than male.Conclusion : From this study we conclude that thehyperthyroidism in female more than male due to hormonal effect. Reduce in iron due to high metabolic rate lead to decrease absorption of iron and B12 which lead to anemia.increase thyroid peroxidase which play a role in T3 and T4 synthesis.

التزام مرضى احتشاء العضلة القلبية باتجاه العناية الذاتية في مستشفيات الحلة التعليمية == Adherence Of Patients With Myocardial Infarction Toward Self - Care Management In Hillah Teaching Hospitals

Author name: هادي جواد كاظم
Supervisor name: سحر ادهم علي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: يمكن وصف العناية الذاتية كبرنامج متعدد الابعاد للمرضى الذين يعانون من احتشاء عضلة القلب والتي تشمل الامور المتعلقة بحالتهم وتعزيز استراتيجيات الرعاية الذاتية مثل المراقبة الذاتية والتصرفات الذاتية تحسين معرقة المريض الايجابية واستهلاك نظام غذائي صحي، الاد | Self - management can be described as multidimensional program for patients with myocardial infarctions which include improvement of the patient s knowledge related to their condition and enhance self - care management strategies such as self - monitoring, positive self - behaviors, and consumption of healthy diet, medication and following the health team advices. This strategies decrease hospital readmissions and improve quality of life. The aim of the study is assessing the adherence of self - care management among patients with myocardial infarction. To identify the demographical characteristics of the study sample such as (age, gender, marital status, educational status, and addressing, economic status). To find out the relationship between patient adherence of self - management and demographic data (age, gender, marital status, educational status, addressing, economic status) and clinical characteristics.Across - sectional descriptive design is used to carry out the study of assessing the adherence of the self - care management for patients with myocardial infarction in Hillah teaching hospitals from 27 - 10 - 2015 to 20 - 8 - 2016.Coronary care units and medical wards in two teaching hospitals in Hillah city were selected to conduct the study. A Non - Probability (purposive sample) of (100) patients, (64) male, (36) female have been selected after obtaining their agreements to participate in this study, these patients have been admitted to the medical wards or coronary care units. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire which prepared to assess the adherence of self - care management for patients with myocardial infarctions after a comprehensive review of related literatures. The questionnaire contains three parts, the first part consist data related to the socio - demographical characteristics of the sample, the second part includes clinical information such as (duration of disease, health history, body mass index...etc.), while the third part extends to collect the data related to the patients adherence toward self - care management which distributed up on (4) domains consisting nutritional domain (27) items, healthy behaviors (7) items, medications (8) items, medical follow up which has been extended to (9) items. Data have been collected by using face to face interview.To test the content validity the questionnaire distributed among (25) experts who have not less than 10 years of experience , the reliability was calculated through applying coefficient of correlation and inter rater reliability, descriptive and inferential statistics methods used to determine the results of the current study.The majority of the study sample have been (64%) male between (60 years and more) age group, (64) married, (22%) have been illiterate, (66%)of the sample urban area residency. housewives Most of them (25%) suffer from hypertension as a chronic disease. Overall adherences of the self - care management of the participant poor related to diet, healthy behaviors, follow up while they recorded moderate adherence related to consumption of medication.The majority of the patients who participate in the study were with moderate adherence relation to self - care management.Establishment of well - equipped rehabilitation center specialized to improve patient's knowledge and practices related to their conditions, and help them to live with their condition, the services of this center may be extended to serve patient's family.

اعباء رعاية الابوين للاطفال المصابين بالتخلف العقلي في محافظات الفرات الاوسط == Parents Burden Of Care For Children With Mental Retardation In The Middle Euphrates Governorates

Author name: علوان حسن رزن الجبوري
Supervisor name: سجاء هاشم محمد الربيعي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: يمكن ان تسهم مسؤولية رعاية الاطفال المتخلفين عقليا في عبا على الوالدين, الدراسة تشير الى ان اباء الاطفال الذين يعانون من التخلف العقلي لديهم مستوى عال من العبء.دراسة تحليلية وصفيه لتقييم عبء رعاية الاباء للاطفال ذوي التخلف العقلي في محافظات الفرات الاوسط | The responsibility of caring for mentally retarded child can contribute to parents burden. The study shows that parents of children with mental retardation experience high level of burden.The present study aims to assess the level of burden of care among parents who have children with mental retardation.and to identify the relationship between parents burden of care for children with mental retardation and their sociodemographic data such as age, gender etc. A descriptive - analytical study design is conducted to assess the Parents Burden of Care For Children With Mental Retardation in The Middle Euphrates Governorates and its relation to children and parent's sociodemographic characteristics and clinical characteristic of mental retardation child.1st October 2015 to 1st October 2016. A purposive (non - probability) sample of (90) parents (mother or father) of child with mental retardation are selected attending mental disability care institute. Data was collected through the use of The questionnaire which are constructed by the researcher for the purpose of present study. In order to test the validity of the questionnaires, the instrument is presented to panel of experts in different fields to make it more valid. A preliminary copy of the questionnaire is displayed to (15) experts. Data have been analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.The results of the study indicated that parents exhibit high level of burden due to the handicap caring among their children. There is a significant relationship between the levels of parents' burdens and their child handicap degree and the monthly income. As for the psychological status there are significant differences between the psychological burden and the parents level of education and residency. But there is non - significant statistical points between the parents burden and other parents demographical data.The study concludes that there is a high level of parents burden due to the presence of mental retardation child in the family and that effect on the family. The degree of mental retardation is very important indication about the level of the burden.It is recommended that future study researches should be directed towards exploring psychological intervention factors which help to minimize the burden of care on parents of children with mental retardation.

المشكلات النفسية الاجتماعية لدى كبار السن في دور رعاية المسنين في محافظات الفرات الاوسط == Psychosocial Problems Among Elderly People At Geriatric Homes In The Middle Euphrates Governorates

Author name: وسيم عبد الامير شاكر البصام
Supervisor name: سجاء هاشم محمد الربيعي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت دراسة وصفية تحليلية خلال المدة من الاول من تشرين الاول من عام 2015 الى تشرين الاول 2016 من اجل تقييم المشكلات النفسية الاجتماعية لدى كبار السن في دور رعاية المسنين في محافظات الفرات الاوسط.عينة غرضية (غير احتمالية) تتالف من (82) شخص مسن قد تم اختيا | Analytical descriptive study was conducted during the period of 1 October 2015 to October 2016 in order to assess the psychosocial problems among elderly people at geriatric homes in the Middle Euphrates Governorates. A purposive sample (non - probability) for (82) elderly people was selected from geriatric homes in the Middle Euphrates Governorates, information was gathered through the use of a questionnaire for assessing psychosocial problems, study tool consist of three parts which contain (53) items. Part one : The first part consists personal information and include age (year) , age at admission, residence years in geriatric homes, gender, previous professions, educational level, social status, economic status, financial support by family, the financial resources.Part two : The second part consists psychological problems (anxiety, depression and suicide ideation) which contains (35) item. Part three : The third part consists social problems (social isolation) which contains (12) item. Reliability is determined by using alpha correlation (Cronbach's Alpha) and the validity is achieved through a panel of (21) expert. Data analyzed through using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences SPSS (Version 20) performed through the use of descriptive statistical data analysis approach, of frequencies, percentages and inferential statistical approach which is presented as an analysis of variable chi - square.The findings of the study indicated that most of elderly people were suffering from psychosocial problems in moderate levels. The majority of the sample of elderly were in the age group (75 - 84) years and most of the elderly who spent in geriatric homes (1 - 4) years, males, divorced and uneducated. Results of the study showed the existence of a high significant relationship among the elderly who were uneducated and divorced which suffered from psychosocial problems.The study concluded that the psychosocial problems for elderly were in the age group (75 - 84) years and in moderate levels.The study recommended to improve care for elderly people and provide psycho educational programs for them to increase their knowledge toward the psychological problems and provide psychological support to improve their psychological status

الاهمية الكيميائية الحياتية لنبتة العليق الاحمر كماسك طبيعي في حالة زيادة الحديد == Biochemical Importance Of Rubus Idaeus As A Natural Chelator In Iron Overload Status

Author name: حازم علي حسين
Supervisor name: مفيد جليل عوض | مؤيد عمران الغزالي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: لمنع تراكم الحديد في الجسم، وخاصة لمرضى داء ترسب الاصبغة الدموية،او الذين يحتاجون الى نقل دم بصورة مستمرة، لابد من عمل مركب معه يعمل على استخراجه.نبتة العليق الاحمر تحتوي على كمية عالية من حامض التانيك وهو مركب متعدد الفينولات للنبات يعمل على مسك او حجز | To prevent iron overload, especially for those patient with hemochromatosis or those having chronic blood transfusion, iron must be chelated and excreted, Rubus Idaeus containing high quantity of tannic acid which is a plant polyphenol, chelate iron and excreted from the body. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity and efficiency of tannic acid in Rubus Idaeus fruit to reduce or eliminate iron overload through enhance direct impact on some of the body,s vital biological activities by using fresh crude plant as herbal medicine. This study is Cohort study designed. It is monitoring, detection, and investigation study that included some of groups that completely under control(control), and other group which induced iron overload , the iron overload group is subdivided to 5 groups, one of this sub gorups is treated with desferal(Deferroxamine),and the rest 3groups giving 3 different doses of pure fruit of Rubus Idaeus, while the least group is not treated with fruit or with desferalThe study included (60) Albino male mice divided into six groups with count (10) mice for each. First group was labeled as control (A). The other five groups received intra peritoneal injections of iron - dextran at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day B.w. (one dose every two days for 3 weeks) are the iron overload groups ,which are classified as a following : B1 group ,in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 100 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit, B2 group, in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 200 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit,B3 group ,in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 300 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit, group(C),in which the iron overload induced mice received 493mg/kg/day desferal by subcutaneous injection for 21 days beginning on the day following the first iron dextran injection, group (D) ,in which the iron overload induced mice neither received desferal nor Rubus Idaeus fruit. The experimental work was carried out in the animal house and in the Clinical Biochemistry Department / College of Medicine / Babylon University during the period from (October 2015 to August 2016). High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique has been used for measurement of tannic acid in fruit in mice's serum. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) has been used for the measurement of serum ferritin, UV - Vis Spectrophotometer has been used for determination of GSH - Px and GST concentrations, while Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer technique (GFAAS) has been used for concentration measurement of trace elements. There were hematological study have been carried out using special required equipment, protein analysis by electrophoresis has been used for mice's serum to detect protein changes for all groups. Results showed that Rubus Idaeus fruit contain good acceptable concentration of tannic acid up to (853 µg/gm),amount of trace element in the fruit plant was 14.12 ppm for Zinc,33.62 ppm for Iron,3.5ppm for copper(Cu),311.06 ppb for selenium(Se),40.13 ppb for chromium(Cr). Results also showed highly significant increase of Serum ferritin, hemoglobin levels, GST activity, Iron and Copper concentration, and decreased in chromium in iron overload group (D) (P<0.001) when compared with control group (A), while there were highly significant decrease of these parameters and increased chromium in group (B2) and group (C) as compared with control groups. Results also showed highly significant decrease of GSH - Px activity, Zinc and Selenium concentration, and increased in hemoglobin levels in group (D) (P<0.001) when compared with the control group, while there were highly significant increase of these parameters and decreased in hemoglobin level in group (B2) and (C)as compared with control and (A) groups. The study have been found positive effect of Rubus Idaeus on abnormal parameters and support the biological system which was clear in group (B2) and (C) which demonstrated that there were significant inhibitions to decrease or increase of these parameters than those in normal. The present study found that fruit of Rubus Idaeus in dose(200 mg/kg/day)in mouse(16.2mg/kg/day in human) gives more reasonable results than other 2 doses (100mg/kg,300mg/kg) in treatment of iron overload ,100mg/kg had no effect in reducing iron overload,300mg/kg chelate iron so more that causing anemia, while this study found a negative correlation between Ferritin and GSH - Px activity, serum chromium and Selenium concentration. Results also showed that there is a changes in protein bands in samples, new bands occurs in samples of induced iron overload group (D) due to increased production of iron regulating proteins. While these bands are absent in groups (A),(B2)

تقييم مضاعفات ما بعد العملية للمرضى الخاضعين لجراحة العظام في مستشفى الحلة التعليمي == Assessment Of Postoperative Complications For Patients Undergoing Orthopedics Surgery At Al - Hilla Teaching Hospital

Author name: احمد رامز هلال
Supervisor name: فخرية جبر محيبس الزبيدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : مضاعفات ما بعد العملية تتعلق بنقص في العناية ما بعد العملية تقود الى عدة مضاعفات ربما تتطور في عدة مرضى نتيجة تاثير التخدير العام ومخاطر اخرى مثل طول فترة الرقود في المستشفى، عدم الحركة بعد العملية، التدخين, 000 الخ. كل عوامل الخطورة ربما تؤدي ال | Background : Postoperative complication is a source of concern as insufficient postoperative care leads to many complications which may develop in many patients due to the effect of general anesthesia and other risk factors such as prolonged hospitalization, immobilization after surgery, smoking, …etc. All risk factors may lead to postoperative complications, thus they impose additional economic burdens on the society and the patient.Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the postoperative complications in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery and to find out relationship between socio - demographic characteristics, medical information and postoperative complications such as (age, gender, smoking, medication, …etc.). Methodology : The study was carried out from 25 January 2016 to the 30 November 2016, the sample was Non probability sample which consists of (100) adults patients (male and female) who were undergoing orthopedic surgery with lower and upper extremities' under general anesthesia, without chronic disease and age of patients 18 years older at Al - Hilla Teaching Hospital.To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher established the questionnaire format which was composed of three - part, part one : socio - demographic characteristic (5) items, while part two : consisted of medical information of patients which comprised of (7) items and part three : consisted of (34) items of postoperative complications may happen postoperatively.Results : The results of this study indicated that a high percent of postoperative complications occurred in ages between (18 - 27)years. The study also revealed the highest percentage (38%) of patients were smokers who had high complications. In addition the current study founded that smoking appears to decrease postoperative vomiting rate in smoker (16.2 %) less than non - smoker (36.7 %). The rate of vomiting in female (60%) is more than male (22.3 %). in addition the rate of infection in Smoker (11.6 %) more than non - smoker (1.7%). Total score of complications indicated the significant relationship between socio - demographic characteristics, medical information and postoperative complications like (age, smoking, occupation, education level, and medications used) as it is proved by chi - square tests. Recommendations : According to the current study, the researcher recommends to Increase knowledge of nursing staff regarding postoperative complications by continuing education , so the nurses can identify and prevent postoperative complication.Increase knowledge of patients regarding postoperative complications through provide them by advices or list in which is containing information or pictures that occur in patients with orthopedics surgery such as deep vein thrombosis, wound infection, and how to prevent them.

تقييم الحالة التغذوية للاطفال دون سن الخامسة من العمر في مدينة الحلة == Assessment Of Nutritional Status Among Children Less Than 5 Years Old In Al - Hilla City

Author name: اسماعيل حسن جواد الموسوي
Supervisor name: قحطان هادي حسين الجبوري | حسن علوان بيعي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت دراسة مقطعية وصفية خلال الفترة من 1 تشرين الاول 2015 الى 27 اب 2016 لاجل تقييم الحالة التغذوية للاطفال دون الخامسة من العمر في مدينة الحله من خلال قياس (الوزن للطول والعمر) من خلال المقاييس الجسمانية, وكذلك لايجاد العلاقة ما بين الخصائص الديموغرافية

دراسة انزيم التيلومريز وجين الكلوتاثيون بيروكسيديز الاول في مرضى السكري النوع الاول == Telomerase Enzyme And Glutathione Peroxidase1 Gene In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Author name: دعاء مهدي هادي الحكاك
Supervisor name: مها فاضل سميسم | علي حسين البياتي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an immune - mediated depletion of ? - cells that results in lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative cell injury caused by free radicals contributes to the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complications and decreased efficiency of antioxidant defenses (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) seems to correlate with the severity of pathological tissue changes in T1DM, So many studies have tended to analyze the genetic material that can be related to the occurrence of the disease. Different combinations of genetic defects of antioxidant enzyme are expected. This could readily provide an explanation of the heterogeneity of T1DM.The aim of this study is to assess the differences of GPX1 genotype in T1DM as compare with controls. And the effect of C/T at nucleotide 1050450codon 198 of GPX1 gene polymorphisms on serum glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and telomerase enzyme (TE) concentration in T1DM patients and controls. This study included (108) persons, their ages between (28 - 42 years) and body mass index in normal and overweight (68) of them were uncontrolled diabetes type 1 (HbA1c ? 6.5 %), (34) of them were male patients (M group), the other (34) were female patients (F group), and the other (40) apparently healthy as control group (20) male (MC group) with (20) female (FC group). The sera sample of all groups were used to measure the concentration of fasting blood glucose by using colorimetric methods and ELISA method for determination (TE), total antioxidant capacity (TAO - C), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase1 enzyme, while whole blood samples from study subjects were used to measure HbA1c and extract DNA for the study of polymorphisms in GPx1 gene.The results of the present study showed1 - A significant increase in glucose, HbA1c in both male and female patients compared with controls group. (P < 0.0001) and (p< 0.05) respectively.2 - The study showed significant decrease (p? 0.001) in telomerase enzyme in both M and F as compare with MC and FC groups,3 - There was no significant association between M and F (P=0.106) and between MC and FC (P=0.327) regarding to gender.4 - The result showed that telomerase concentration significantly decrease with age (p - value<0.001) which indicated by negative correlation between telomerase concentration and age.5 - The result showed significant negative correlation between telomerase enzyme concentration and BMI in patients and controls.6 - The result showed significant decrease in TAO - C in patient as compared with control groups (P=<0.001)7 - GPX1 concentration significantly decreased in patient as compared with control groups (p - value <0.001 )8 - Significant increase in Glutathione concentration in patients as compared with controls (p - value <0.05)9 - Data on the genetic patterns were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction technique - RFLP revealed, were defined as : the codon 198 of Gpx1 genotyping have the homozygous wild - type (CC) Pro/Pro, the homozygous mutant (TT) Leu/Leu, and heterozygous (CT) Pro/Leu allele. There was significant difference between genotype distribution and frequency of alleles between the two groups of patients (M and F) versus (MC and FC) (odds ratio = 33, into confidence level of 95% : 1.65 to 656.26) and P value ( 0.0219) for M vs. MC, and (OR = 12.60, into the proportion of 95% confidence level : 1.93 to 82.08) and P value (0.0081) for F vs. FC. Also, the frequency of TT genotypes in GPX1gene in male and female were47% and 61.7% compare to control male(0%) and female(10%).10 - The allele frequency showed significant differences in all sample (p=0.0013), in male (0.14) and in female (0.0020).11 - There was significant difference in telomerase concentration (p= 0.001) and in glutathione peroxidase concentration (p< 0.0005) in patients group depending on different of the GPX1 genotyping.12 - Depending on GPX1 genotype there were significant differences in BMI in normal weight and in overweight between patient and control (p=0.0375) and (p<0.0018), respectively.In Conclusion, the TT genotype of The GPX1gene variants Pro 198 Leu may be risk factor to T1DM patients. TIDM significantly associated with glutathione peroxidase and telomerase level in patients with TT genotypes of GPX1 gene compared to those with CT and CC genotypes, and this may be considered as a risk factor for senescence and mortality in T1DM. patients, also there is significant negative correlation between telomerase enzyme and BMI in patients and controls.

التغيرات الحاصلة في نسب الانسولين والاحماض الصفراء والكوليسترول 7 الفا هيدروكسليز وفوق الاكسيد الفائق في مصل مرضى حصى المراره == Serum Insulin, Bile Acid, Cholesterol 7 - Alpha Hydroxylase And Superoxide Dismutase Changes In Patients With Gallstone

Author name: سماح سجاد كاظم الشمري
Supervisor name: محمد عبيد المحمدي | علي خير الله الشاعلي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Physiology And Medical Physics
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر مرض حصى المرارةمن اكثر امراض الجهاز الهضمي شيوعا، ووتشكل عبئا كبيرا على انظمة الرعاية الصحية. معظم الناس (حوالي 80 ?) مع حصى المرارة ليس لديهم اعراض. وتشمل مضاعفات حصى المرارة التهاب المرارة والبنكرياس.الهدف من الدراسة : 1 - للتحقيق في العلاقة بين | A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of bile components. Cholelithiasis or Gallstone disease (GD) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases, with a substantial burden to health care systems. Most people (about 80%) with gallstones are asymptomatic. Complications of gallstones include inflammation of the gallbladder, pancreas. Objective 1. To investigate the association between serum level bile acid and cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase and the development of gallstone disease. 2. To Evaluate the change serum level insulin changes and its effect on gallstone formation. 3. The determination of serum superoxide dismutase changes in patients with gallstone. Material and Methods In this study, one hundred sixty (160) patients with gallstone aged (20 - 70) years and one hundred sixty (160) age and sex match subject (control group) had involved in this study. The patients were intended to undergo surgical removal of gallbladder in Al - Hilla general teaching hospital during the period from November (2015) to May (2016). Blood samples were obtained from all patients prior to surgical treatment. Serum was obtained by usual methods and analyzed for insulin, insulin resistance Cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase, Superoxide Dismutase, Bile acid (Deoxycholic acid and Chenodeoxycholic acid) and lipid profile {total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein - cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol}. And qualitative analysis of gallstone (Cholesterol stone, mixed stone, pigment stone), then these parameters compared with those of control groups. In addition, a demographic comparison regarding to the age, sex and body mass index between the patients and control groups was carried. Results The results of this study show higher significant percentage of gall stone in female (81%) than male (19%) in the patient group. There was an insignificant difference between male and female patients, according to age group (P<0.05). There is a higher significant (p>0.05) family history in the patients with gallstone compared with control subjects. Additionally, There is highly significant percent of female using oral contraception in pateints than control group (p > 0.01). Similarly, smoking, parity,Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Body Mass Index are found to be significantly higher inpatient group (p>0.01). This study demonstrate that insulin and insulin resistance are significant higher in sera of patients with gallstone as compared with the control group. (p>0.01) Regarding the cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase and Bile acids are found to be significantlylower in sera of patients with gallstone as compared with the control group, p< 0.01). It has also found that there are a higher significant difference in gallstone patients than control regarding total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein - cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher than that of control group (p>0.01). Meanwhile, all these parameters in the study are variated according to gender. However The qualitative analysis of stone that show cholesterol stone is more common than other types.Conclusions In this study the most studied parameters including of Insulin and insulin resistance, cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase and Bile acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein - cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are significantly different in gallstone patients compared to control subjects and such differences are demographically affected depending on the age, sex, BMI, parity, contraceptive and smoking.

Effect Of SNP rs198389 of BNP Gene On The Natriuretic Peptides Levels In Cardiovascular Patients

Author name: Alaa Salman Idan Al - Ibrahimi
Supervisor name: Monem M. Al | shok | Moaed E. Al | Gazally
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to any group of acute signs and symptoms attributed to sever obstruction of the coronary arteries. Acute coronary syndrome usually occurs because of one of three problems : ST elevation myocardial infarction, non - ST elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina. These types are named according to the results of the electrocardiogram (ECG). In addition to clinical and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, several biochemical markers are considered in patients with chest pain to diagnose myocardial ischemia. Heart failure (HF) according to American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) is a complex clinical syndrome that can be caused by any structural or functional disorder in the heart that fails the capability of the ventricle to fill with or to eject blood. The diagnosis is often performed clinically on the basis of the presence of dyspnea, fatigue, signs of fluid overload, such as pulmonary crepitation, peripheral edema, and distension of jugular vein.B - type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N - terminal pro - BNP (NT - proBNP) are secreted by human atrial and ventricular myocardium. The rise in BNP and NT - proBNP levels after ACS and HF correlates with infarct size and regional wall motion abnormalities. Echocardiography remains the most frequently used and usually the initial imaging test to evaluate all cardiovascular diseases related to a structural, functional, or hemodynamic abnormality of the heart or great vessels. This study is designed to investigate and assess the serum concentrations of BNP and NT - proBNP in patients with HF and ACS; In addition, almost equal number of males and females are chosen to control the effect of age and gender on the levels of BNP and NT - proBNP. Also, the study aims to evaluate the effect of BNP gene T - 381C (rs198389) polymorphism on the plasma human levels of BNP and NT - proBNP and compare the results that will obtain with healthy control.The present study was involved (70) patients, (35) of them with ACS and the other (35) with HF. The study also includes (22) subjects were taken as control group. The sera obtained from the blood of patients and control subjects were used to measure the concentrations of BNP and NT - proBNP, while whole blood samples from study subjects are used to extract DNA for the study of polymorphism in BNP gene.The results indicate both the ACS and HF groups have significantly higher levels of BNP and NT - proBNP when compared to control group, also HF patients have higher levels of both parameters than ACS patients, in all comparison (p

المستويات والانماط الجينية المتعددة للانترلوكين - 6 في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي في محافظة بابل/العراق == Interleukin - 6 Gene Polymorphisms And Levels In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients In Babylon Province / Iraq

Author name: سارة حسين عيدان
Supervisor name: عبد السميع حسن الطائي | صباح جاسم الربيعي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: التهاب المفاصل الرثوي هو احد الامراض المناعية الذاتية الالتهابية المزمنة الذي يتميز بالتهاب المفاصل المتماثل المستمر الذي يصيب عادة مفاصل اليدين والقدمين.تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التقصي عن العلاقة المحتملة بين مستويات الانترلوكين - 6 والانماط الجينية المتعددة | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory, autoimmune disease characterized by persistent symmetric polyarthritis that commonly affects joints of hands and feet.This study aims to investigate the possible association between interleukin - 6 (IL - 6) levels and ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 promoter polymorphism in RA in Babylon Province. 60 RA patients and 60 healthy controls matched in age and sex were included in this case control study. Measurement of serum IL - 6 and serum anti cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) antibodies were assayed using commercially available ELISA kit. Measurement of blood rheumatoid factor (RF) was assayed by use slide agglutination test for the qualitative and semiquantitative. Whereas, blood C - reactive protein (CRP) was determined using latex - enhanced nephelometry. Disease severity score of RA patients was determined by use DAS - 28. DNA was isolated from white blood cells (WBCs) and ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) technique. the study was found significantly high levels of serum IL - 6 and ACCPA in untreated and in treated RA patients when compared to healthy controls. RF of patients with RA in the present study was found to be positive in 83.32% and negative in 16.67 % in overall RA patients, whereas was negative in 99% of healthy control. CRF of patients with RA in the present study was found to be positive in 78.4% and negative in 21.6 % in overall patients with RA, and was positive in 20% of healthy control. Correlation between DAS - 28 and IL - 6 levels in untreated and in treated RA patients were significant positive correlation. Correlation between IL - 6 and ACCPA in untreated and in treated RA patients were significant positive correlation. Correlation between DAS - 28 and ACCPA in untreated and in treated RA patients were significant positive correlation. The Genotype of ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism and its percentage in patient found to be 80% GG,18.3% GC and 1.6% CC, whereas in healthy control 98.3% GG, 1.6% GC and 0% CC. Relation between both of IL - 6 levels and DAS - 28 with genotyping of ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism in untreated and treated RA patients were found to be positive significant relation. The high levels of IL - 6, and its positive relation with DAS - 28 may suggest a possible role of IL - 6 in the pathogenesis of RA. Moreover, these biomarkers can be used as markers of disease activity in the diagnosis and treatment of RA. ( - 174G/C) IL - 6 polymorphisms are also associated with the RA risk, and the C allele of IL - 6 promoter polymorphisms has dramatically increased the susceptibility of RA in Babylon population. This finding suggests that the ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism may also be used as another genetic marker for the onset and development of RA in Babylon population.

اكتفين ا كعلامة بيولوجية للحمل خارج الرحم والاجهاض المنسي == Activin A As A Biomarker For Ectopic Pregnancy And Missed Abortion

Author name: مي حامد حسن
Supervisor name: نورهان شاكر
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Kufa - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Activin A is a member of transforming growth factor B family that is secreted from ovary and placenta, however, in pregnancy the main source is the trophoblast.Aim of study : Activin A measurement to differentiate between intrauterine pregnancy and failed (missed abortion and ectopic) pregnancies.Study design : a Case control study.Setting : Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the College of Medicine Kufa University in Al Zahraa Teaching Hospital.Material and Methods : This study is a case control study consisting of 90 patients on three groups : Group 1 ectopic pregnancies (EP) (n=30) , Group 2 missed abortions (MA) (n=30) and Group 3 healthy viable intrauterine pregnancies (IUP) (n=30) were came to hospital with lower abdominal pain and\or vaginal bleeding or both between 6 - 8 weeks of gestation. Serum samples were sent at initial visit before treatment for measurement of activin A using ELISA test.Results : Activin A concentrations were significantly lower in women with EP (n = 30, mean value of 89.9 pg/mL) and women with MA (n = 30, mean value of 164.9 pg/mL) compared to IUP (n = 30, mean value of 334.5pg/mL); P < 0.001. Activin A can discriminate an ectopic pregnancy from viable pregnancies also, it was able to discriminate a MA from an EP.Conclusion : In this study activin A could be considered a promising biomarker for the discrimination between an IUP and a failed pregnancy (MA or EP).

مستوى مصل الدم للهرمون مضاد مولر AMH كاداة تشخيصية للاستجابة لتحريض الاباضة في مرضى متلازمة المبيض المتعدد الكيسات PCOS == Serum Level Of AMH As A Prognostic Tool For Response To Ovulation Induction In Pcos Patients

Author name: فرح حسام الدين سعران
Supervisor name: صالحة علي حسين | بتول عبد الواحد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Kufa - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: متلازمة المبيض المتعدد الكيسات (PCOS) هواضطراب شائع جدا التي تحدث في 4? الى 7? من النساء في سن الانجاب. من المعروف انPCOSغالبا ما يترافق مع الاصابة بالامراض التناسلية وزيادة خطرالاصابة بسرطان بطانة الرحم،والتشخيص له اهمية خاصة لانه يعتقد الان بانPCOS له ا | From the observation that some PCOS patients were known to have high serum level AMH and it has been shown to be useful in its diagnosis, however; the clinical significance of high serum AMH level in prediction of ovarian response to medical therapy was under studied we are doing this study aiming to test the value of serum AMH level as a marker of sever disease and may be subsequent resistance to medical therapy. (AMH) has glycoprotein dimmer structure.AMH is produced by the granulose cells. AMH level in the plasma of PCOS patient are two or three times higher than average and begin to decline five years later than healthy womenObjectivesThe main objective of the study is to estimate the AMH level as a prognostic factor in PCOS infertile women on ovulation induction, also to describe some risk factors of infertility and their association with the AMH level.MethodologyA cross sectional study has been carried out in the outpatient clinic at Al Sadr infertility center under supervision of specialist gynecologist on 60 patients. The data has been collected by a questionnaire which contains demographic characteristics, gynecological history, physical examination and some laboratory investigations. The data collected by simple random to select the case from the outpatient clinics in the fact of 4 - 5 infertile women one day/week, then a period of time required for following up them after the ovulation induction The data have been collected during the period from the 1st of February till the 30 of September 2015.ResultsThere was a high statistically significant difference (P 0.000) in mean AMH among the cases with negative PT from those with positive PT, also the higher level of AMH strongly linked (P 0.023) with the presence of acne as a symptom of PCOS. There was no correlation of AMH with the age, LH, FSH, prolactin, TSH, size of dominant follicle and infertility duration. While it was positively correlated (P 0.000) with the age of menarche, BMI (P 0.000), Serum testosterone (P 0.002) andendometrial thickness (P 0.000).Conclusions & RecommendationsAMH is a useful test to study folliculogenesis and ovarian potential in various situations of infertility and for identification of PCOS. High levels of AMH are commonly associated with pregnancy failure.So, a recommendation of AMH level measuring for all PCOS patients should be done in order to know the prognosis during the ovulation induction.

العلاقة بين البروتين التفاعلي عالي الدقة في حالات سمدمية الحمل مع او بدون تخلف نمو الجنين == Associationbetween Highly Sensitive C - Reactive Protein Level In Cases Of Preeclampsia With Or Without Intrauterine - Growth Restriction

Author name: روسم جاسم محمد
Supervisor name: الاء محمد صادق
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Kufa - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • العلاقة بين البروتين التفاعلي عالي الدقة في حالات سمدمية الحمل مع او بدون تخلف نمو الجنين
First pages:
Abstract: سمدم?ةالحملھوخلل?ص?بتقر?با 4% منالنساءاثناءالحملوتترتبعل?ھمخاطركث?رةبالنسبةل?موالطفل. نعرفتسممالحملعللىانھا?صابةالحد?ثةغ?رالمسبوقةبارتفاعضغطالدماثناءالحملبعدا?سبوع 20 منالحملوالمصحوبةبوجودبروت?نفيالبول.البروت?نالتفاعليعاليالدقةھومؤشرك?م?ائيبامكانناق?اسھف | Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that affects 4% of pregnant women , in which the exact cause cannot identified it is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality as it causes death of more than 6300 women annually , also it puts a burden on perinatal outcome as prematurity and Intrauterine growth restriction.Continuous search for predictive markers of severe PE is important and can be used to target high risk women for effective preventive treatment.Aim of study : to evaluate that Highly Sensitive C - Reactive Protein can be used as maker for severity of PE and whether it can be used to predict development of Intrauterine growth restrictionPatients and methods : this is convenient a cross - sectional study includes 80 pregnant women with their age 18 - 35 years , their gestational age 32 - 40 weeks , admitted to AL - Zahraa teaching hospital , whose diagnosed as PE based on BP and proteinurea. Full history and clinical examination were performed, venous blood aspirated for each women for biochemical analysis, Liver functions tests, Renal function tests Highly Sensitive C - Reactive Protein, and Doppler ultrasound.Results : The patients divided into those with mild PE and severe PE, with or without IUGR. No significant difference between the level of hsCRP and the severity of PE as p value was(0.779), but there is significant difference between the presence of IUGR and the level of hsCRP when it is 2mg/L as the p value was(0.020).Conclusion : We conclude that s.hsCRP is not sign

دراسة علاقة طول عنق الرحم المقاس بالسونار الداخلي مزامنة مع كمية السائل الامنيوسي في توقع وقت حدوث الولادة المبكرة خلال سبعة ايام من تمزق غشاء السائل الامنيوسي المبكر == Transvaginal Cervical Length & Amniotic Fluid Index : Can They Predict Delivery Latency Following Preterm Premature Rupture Of Membrane

Author name: وسن غائب حسون غائب
Supervisor name: امال منير مبارك
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Kufa - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • علاقه طول عنق الرحم المقاس بالسونار الداخلي مزامنة مع كمية السائل الامنيوسي في توقع حدوث الولادة المبكرة خلال سبعة ايام من تمزق غشاء السائل الامنيوسي المبكر
First pages:
Abstract: توقع حدوث الولادة عند الحوامل المصابات بتمزق غشاء السائل الامنيوسي المبكريساعد الحامل على تهيئه نفسها لدخول المستشفى لاجراء اللازم لها واعطاءالجرعةالمنشطةلرئة الطفل وادخاله الى وحده العناية المركزة لحديثي الولادة.هدف الدراسة : تهدف الدراسة الى قياس طول عن | Patients with PPROM are often hospitalized for a prolonged period of time and deliver premature infants who frequently require neonatal intensive care. These women and their infants contribute significantly to obstetric &neonatal health care costs. The prediction of delivery latency could help direct the need for specific interventions such as hospitalization, intensive monitoring, timing of antenatal steroids.Objective : To determine whether transvaginal CL, AFI,or a combination of both can predict delivery latency within 7 days in women presenting with PPROM.Methods and Study Design : This was a prospective observational study of TVCL measurements in 80 singleton pregnancies with PPROM between 24 - 34 weeks. Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed with TOSHIBA SSA - 340A(Tokyo - Japan) apparatus 7.5MHz transvaginal probe, to measure the CL&AFI. Delivery latency was defined as the period from the initial TVCL after PPROM to delivery of the baby with our primary outcome being delivery within 7 days of TVCL. The independent predictability of significant characteristics for delivery within 7 days was determined using multiple logistic regression.Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were used to determin, whether the presence of a short TVCL, AFI or a combination of both affected the risk of delivery within 7 days.Result : Our study in women with PPROM show the validity of CL in predicting labor when the cut off value2cm the sensitivity=52.6%, specificity=69%, PPV=60.6%, NPV =61.7% and Accuracy=61.25%.The validity of AFI when the cut off value 5cm the sensitivity=71.1%, specificity=50%, PPV=56.3%, NPV=65.6% and Accuracy=60%.With combination of CL&AFI in predicting time of labor after PPROM the sensitivity=50%, specificity=92.8%, PPV=86.4%, NPV=67.2% and Accuracy 72.5%.In women with PPROM the rate of gestational age ? 30 weeks that labored within 7 days 44.7% and those labored more than 7 days 55.3%.Also the rate of gestational age >30 weeks that delivered within and after 7 days are 50%.According to the parity we found the mean value of those delivered within 7 days are 1.24 and those after 7 days are 1.28.Conclusion : Our study shows there is increase in positive predictive value when combination of AFI and CL in prediction of time of labour so women with AFI?5 and CL?2 had 86.4% risk of delivery within 7 days after PPROM. Also the study found there was no significant association between gestational age, or parity with the prediction time of labor.

نسبة حدوث النزف بعد الولادة في حالات الولادات الطبيعية, الاصطناعية, القيصرية الطارئة والغير طارئة في مستشفى الزهراء التعليمي لسنه 2015 == The Incidence Of Postpartum Hemorrhage After Spontaneous And Induced Vaginal Delivery Versus Elective And Emergency Caesarian Section At Al - Zahraa Teaching Hospital In 2015

Author name: اسراء علي عباس
Supervisor name: ازهار موسى الطريحي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Kufa - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • حدوث النزف بعد الولاده في حالات الولادات الطبيعيه
  • الاصطناعيه
  • القيصريهالطارئه والغير طارئه في مستشفى الزهراء التعليمي لسنه
First pages:
Abstract: خلال هذا البحث تم رصد حدوث النزف المهبلي بعد الولاده ومقارنته بين اربع مجاميع من المريضات اللاتي دخلن الى مستشفى الزهراء التعليمي من فتره الثاني من اذار الى الثاني من اب وكان عدد المريضات 9674 مريضه وكان عدد الولادات الطبيعيه 6137 منها 1352 كان عن طريق تح | The labour records of the patients admitted to the labour word and obstetrics word and theater in Al Zahra teaching hospital (9674 patients) during period of 5 months from 2nd of March to the 2nd of August, consequence study to compare the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage after : 1 - Spontaneous labour2 - Induced labour 3 - Elective caesarian section4 - Emergency caesarian sectionObjective : To compare the incidence of haemorrhage and risk factors among certain group of patients and to discover which group is more liable to develop PPH.Study design : Cross sectional studyMethodology : Estimating the blood loss for assessment of PPH by gravimetric method and collection of soaked packs method, evaluate the severity of bleeding and put the women in the proper PPH category to do the proper management plans.Finding and conclusion : The finding of our research is the incidence of PPH is 1.64% among all types of labour (159 patients had PPH during this period) and the main risk factor for PPH in study is the primigravidas in induced or augmented labour.Practical implication : These finding indicate that PPH is another complication of induction that needed to be taken into account when induction in being considered

مستخلصات الشاي تاثيرها الذاتي او الاضافي على حياة خلايا السرطان : دراسة داخل وخارج الانبوب == Herbal Tea : Its Own Or Additive Effect On The Survival Of Cancer Cell Line : An In Vitro And Ex Vivo Study

Author name: هدى غسان حميد
Supervisor name: مروان صالح النمر | ناهي يوسف ياسين
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في فرع الفارماكولوجي في كلية الطب في الجامعة المستنصرية بالتعاون مع مركز ابحاث السرطان والوراثة\الجامعةالمستنصرية خلال الفترة من شهر كانون الثاني - شهراب لسنة 2014. الدراسة اقرت من قبل مجلس كلية الطب. صممت هذه الدراسة لتوضيح فعالية نبات ا | This study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology at College of Medicine with incorporation of the Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research at Al - Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq during 2014. This study was designed to elucidate the anti - cancer effect of Camellia sinensis by using four types of tea (black, green, white and oolong). Two experimental cancer models applied in this study; cancer cell lines (In vitro) and mice - bearing tumor (ex vivo). Several methodological and extracted aqueous and organic solvents were used to extract the tea. Microwave assisted extraction using distilled water as a solvent is applied in this study as the yield of bioactive substances are higher than other methods and organic solvents. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through the quantification of total flavonoids, total polyphenolic compound (bioflavanoids), total flavonols, reducing power, and proanthocyanidines. The scavenging property against reactive nitrogen species also was studied. The result showed that the different tea types contain approximately the same quantity of phenolic compounds; the only significant difference was in the proanthocyanidins level, which is a class of flavanols, found in high quantity in green tea compared with other tea extracts. Moreover, a significant scavenging property of peroxynitrite radical observed with all tea extracts. The extracts of black, green and oolong tea prevented or halted nitric oxide generation whereas the white extract tea promoted its generation, that is, a nitric oxide donor. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of Camellia sinensis in form of black, green, white and oolong tea was evaluated against four different types of cell lines. These are the AMN3 mammary cell carcinoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, HeLa cells and Rat embryo fibroblast cells). The results showed greater effect of green and black tea over white tea and oolong tea against mammary cell carcinoma while the results of rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, which is an aggressive cancer cell, revealed a significant inhibitory effect of the growth of these cells by white and oolong tea extracts. All four types show almost equal percent of growth inhibition on HeLa cell line with the white tea been the most significant. A significant inhibitory effect of all tea extracts against the growth of rat embryo fibroblast cells indicated that the cytotoxic effect of the Camellia sinensis extended to normal cells and not specific to cancer cell. In addition, the antitumor effect of tea extracts was investigated (ex vivo) on BALB - c mice bearing - tumor. The volume, shape and color of the tumor masses were examined, in addition to measurement of the tissue malondialdehyde level as a biomarker of the lipid peroxidation, total tumor protein measurement and a histopathological study were done. The white tea showed antitumor effect by attenuating all the biomarkers of tumorogenesis. Herbal tea extracts induced DNA damage in term of separation the double strands molecule of calf thymus double stands DNA and human genomic DNA which may partly explained anti - cancer effect. We concluded that white tea extract is a promising nutrient that ameliorates the histopathological changes in mice bearing mammary tumor via generation reactive oxygen species by the evidence of activation lipid peroxidation process. Camellia sinensis plant can induce non harmful effect on DNA

تاثير كل من عقار الروزوفاستاتين وعقار الاتورفاستاتين على مؤشرات نسب السكر المصاحبة للسمنة المحدثة في الفئران == Effects Of Atorvastatin Versus Rosuvastatin On Glycaemic Indices In Diet Induced Obese Mice

Author name: نورس لطيف وهاب
Supervisor name: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | حيدر مطير القريشي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Numerous interventional cardiovascular disease outcome studies have resulted in statins being an essential factor of cardiovascular primary and secondary prevention strategies.In recent years there was ahigh concern that statin use is associated with diabetes new onset which is strong, independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) and cerebrovascular outcomes ,several studies resulted in conflicting results regarding different statin types & dose effect on glycemic control. Atorvastatin which is the most widely used statin worldwide and rosuvastatin the most efficacious ;they have different structural characteristics that have been speculated to have influence on diabetes onset.Aim of the study : The present study aims at investigating the effect of different doses of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on glycaemic indices and metabolic disorders on mice model of diet induced obesity. Materials and method : The animals were divided into two groups : one served as control that received normal regular chow & the other group received high fat diet for the whole 12 weeks of experiment.After eight weeks of HFD feeding ;group (2) farther subdivided into five groups(12 mice in each) ; the first group received HFD only ,the second group received single daily dose / po of 20mg /kg rosuvastatin ,the third group received single daily dose / po of 40mg /kg rosuvastatin ,the fourth group received single daily dose / po of 20mg /kg atorvastatin ,and the fifth group received single daily dose / po of 40mg /kg atorvastatin for the last four weeks of experiment.Body weight ,food intake, lipid profile ,glycaemic indices were taken at baseline ,before treatment and after treatment.At the end of experiment ,animals were sacrificed , plasma & tissue sample were collected for biochemical analysis and histological observations.Results : Results of the present study shows that high fat diet feeding resulted in obesity development and metabolic abnormality like; hyperglycemia ,hyperinsulinemia ,insulin resistance , dyslipidemia and moderate to severe hepatic steatohepetitis compared to control group. and treatment resulted in significant improvement in lipid profile ,reduction in food intake ,body weight ,also associated with improvement in insulin sensitivity , hepatic steatohepetitis and reduction in insulin secretion.twenty mg/kg dose of atorvastatin showed better influence on glycaemic indices and comparable influence on hepatic picture over fourty mg/kg does while twenty mg/kg dose of rosuvastatin resulted in deterioration of glycaemic indices and no apparent improvement in hepatic steatosis. Unlike group that received 40 mg /kg rosuvastatin which showed significant improvement in all related metabolic disorders. Conclusion : Feeding mice with high calories diet for 2 month result in induction of obesity and disturbance of metabolic parameters. Treatment with rosuvastatin or atorvastatin has good impact on bodyweight , metabolic derangements &hepatic steatosis in obese mice. Both drugs seems to improve lipid profile in dose dependent manner, however their effects on glycaemic indices has different attitude. It is seems that rosuvastatin, especially at high dose, has better impact on glycaemic indices than atorvastatin and this might attributed to the difference in their pharmacokinetic properties

التقييم الفسلجي للاعتلال العصبي الذاتي لمرضى داء السكري

Author name: نسرين قادر كامل
Supervisor name: محمد شريف عبد الله | موسى محمود مربط
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Autouomic neuropaty
  • diabetics mellitus
  • heart rate
  • blood pressure
  • E C G
  • cardiovascular reflex
First pages:
Abstract: (Diabetes Mellitus) D.M : - is the most common endocrine disease, characterized by abnormalities of glucose, protein and lipid metabolism. Diabetic neuropathy is one of the long term chronic complications, which contributes to increase the morbidity & mortality rate in diabetes. One of the earliest manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy is denervation of the cardiovascular system, assessment of cardiovascular reflexes affords a satisfactory evaluation. Along duration time.A battery of bedside clinical tests was used to assess the autonomic function of the heart. This is the response of blood pressure to sustained handgrip and standing - up. The R - R interval change and Q - T interval change in the E, C G in response to standing - up, deep breathing and valsalva maneuver. Number of the patients was 40 diabetic subject and 22 age and sex matched healthy controls. Insulin dependent diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) was 25(62.50%) of cases, non insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) was 15(37.5%) of cases, autonomic neuropathy was detected in 23 patients (57.5%), Orthostatic hypertension in 19 cases (47.5 %), abnormal blood pressure response to sustained hand grip in 20 (50%), abnormal valsalva ratio in 10 (25%), abnormal heart rate response to deep breathing in 11 cases (27.2%).Among the 13 patients with cardiac diabetic autonomic neuropathy, had a Q - Tc interval of > 440 ms ( p < 0.05 ). Compared to the remaining 4 patients had normal Q - Tc interval of 399.5 ± 37.49ms.Cardiovascular tests for cardiac autonomic neuropathy showed increase prevalence with increase in the duration of Diabetes Mellitus above 15 years.This study showed that diabetics had significantly impaired cardio - autonomic reflexes compared to non diabetics. Also, other group of diabetics who have apparently normal cardio - autonomic reflexes were found to have significantly different values compared to the control group, (heart rate variations with deep breathing and valsalva maneuver had a negative correlation with age)

تاثير استخدام عقار الميتفورمين منفردا او مع عقار السيتاكلبتين على مستويات الاومنتين - 1 لدى مرضى داء السكري من النوع الثاني == Effects Of Metformin Alone Or In Combination With Sitagliptin On Serum Omentin - 1 Levels In Patients With Type - 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Author name: ميقات طالب حمادة
Supervisor name: حيدر مطير خليل القريشي | عبد الكريم يحيى السامرائي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : داء السكري يشير الى مجموعة من امراض الايض مع ارتفاع مستوى سكر الدم. يمثل النوع الثاني من داء السكري ما نسبته 90 - 95% من جميع حالات السكري. يمثل النقص في الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين وغيرها من الاضطرابات الهرمونية المشاكل الاساسية لمرضى السكري من ال | Background : Diabetes mellitus (DM) describes chronic metabolic disorders with hyperglycemia. Type II DM (T2DM) represents for approximately 90 - 95% of all diabetic types. A combination of insulin deficiency, insulin resistance and other hormonal irregularities are key problems with T2DM. Adipose tissue can be classified into two types : the brown and white adipose tissues. The white type is considered an important secretory organ which produces many bioactive molecules, collectively termed adipokines. Recently, a new adipokine named omentin - 1, has been identified and it was found that individuals with impairment in glucose homeostasis and newly diagnosed T2DM showed a lower serum omentin - 1 level. However, the effects of antidiabetes drugs on serum omentin - 1 level had not been studied extensively.Objective : The current study was design to measure serum omentin - 1 in T2DM as comparing with control subjects, also to study the effect of three months therapy with metformin and/or sitagliptin (when added to ongoing metformin therapy) on serum omentin - 1 levels in addition to other parameters.Method : This study was carried out on thirty healthy control subjects, and sixty three T2DM patients. The patients enrolled in the current study were divided into two groups. First group : included thirty one of newly diagnosed T2DM patients, started treatment with metformin. Second group : included thirty two patients with T2DM, already on ongoing metformin therapy and started treatment with sitagliptin. All patients received their treatment for three months duration, and blood samples were collected from them at the beginning of the study and after three months of starting treatment to measure the possible change in the studied parameters which include : fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum level of insulin, insulin resistance (IR), serum omentin - 1 levels, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI) as well as blood pressure. Results : The results showed that baseline level of serum omentin - 1 in the newly diagnosed T2DM was significantly lower than matched control subjects. The level of omentin - 1 was significantly reduced after three months duration of treatment in sitagliptin group with no significant change in metformin group. FBG, HbA1c and PBG were decreased significantly after three months in metformin group, while in sitagliptin group, only HbA1c and PBG were decreased significantly after three months. In both groups, and after three months duration of treatment, there were no significant changes in serum level of insulin, IR, TG, VLDL - C, HDL - C, BMI, and blood pressure.Conclusion : In newly diagnosed patients with T2DM, serum omentin - 1 was reduced compared to age and BMI matched healthy subjects. Three months treatment with sitagliptin resulted in a significant reduction in omentin - 1 levels compared with baseline values. However, three months treatment with metformin had no significant effect on serum omentin - 1 level compared with pre - treatment value

تاثير استخدام عقار الكلورال هيدريت منفردا او استعماله مجتمعا مع عقار الديازيبام كمهدئ عند قياس الاداء السمعي الدماغي عند الاطفال == Chloral Hydrate Alone Or In Combination With Diazepam As A Sedative For Auditory Brainstem Response Testing In A Pediatric

Author name: مريم محمد حميد مصطفى
Supervisor name: حيدر مطير خليل القريشي | حيدر وهاب السرحان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لبحث تاثير استخدام الكلورال هيدريت منفردا او استعماله مع الديازيبام كمهدئ عند قياس الاداء السمعي الدماغي عند الاطفال من اجل تقييم ما اذا كان اضافة الديازيبام له تاثير ايجابي او سلبي.اعتمدت الدراسة الحاليه على160 متطوعا من الاطفال ال | Background : children usually need sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. It is well known that pediatrics age groups are at higher risk for sedation - related complications than adults. Auditory brainstem response testing is one of the important diagnostic procedure that usually need sedation in order to preformed in children. Chloral hydrate is a hypnotic agent used since 1832 with low incidence of adverse events; whoever, despite the world wide use it is being abandoned due to bitter test, long time of sedation onset, vomiting and mild sedation. Rectally diazepam, on the other hand, produces higher and fast concentration in CSF with greater rate of success but probably with higher adverse events. Aim of the study : were to compare the sedative effect of chloral hydrate with chloral hydrate diazepam combination as well as their related adverse effects in children underwentg auditory brainstem response testing. Methods : in this randomized clinical study, 160 child underwent sedation for auditory brainstem response test participated. They were divided equally and randomly into 4 groups. Group A : Received 20 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate as sedative, Group B : Received 20 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate plus 0.5 mg/Kg diazepam rectally, Group C : Received 40 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate as sedative, and Group D : Received 40 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate plus 0.5 mg/Kg diazepam rectally. At the beginning, blood pressure, respiratory rates, peripheral oxygen saturation recorded, and then re - recorded immediately after drug administration and at (3, 5, 10, 20, …. min). Ramsay sedation scale used for assessment of the sedation level which measured every 10 min. Results : This study shown the beneficial use of chloral hydrate in combination with diazepam as sedation in ABR test (in groups D) by increased in the sedated number (p<0.05), decreased in the requirement of chloral hydrate re - dose, increased in the number of children whom completed ABR test (p<0.05) without significant differences on side effects or vital signs compared with the others three groups. 4.3. Conclusion : From this study we concluded that : • Used of oral chloral hydrate in dose (20mg/kg) alone not sufficient as sedative in paediatrics for ABR test.• Used of oral chloral hydrate dose (20mg/kg) in combination with rectal diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) better than used it alone as sedative in paediatrics for ABR test.• Used of oral chloral hydrate dose (40mg/kg) in combination with rectal diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) was the best sedative in paediatrics for ABR test. • Used of Chloral hydrate diazepam combination in ABR test of paediatrics increased the number of the sedated children, decreased the requirement of chloral hydrate re - dose, and increased the number of completed ABR test, with less complication

تاثيرات استخدام عقار الفيراباميل وعقار السايكلوسبورين في حالة اعتلال عضلة القلب الناتج من استخدام عقار الدوكسوروبسين : في الفئران المختبرية == Effects Of Verapamil,Labetalol And Cyclosporine Use In The Condition Of Cardiotoxicity Resulted From Doxorubicin Use : Animal Model Study

Author name: محـمد عبد العزيز محـمد
Supervisor name: حيدر مطير خليل القريشي | خالد جمعة خليل
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Doxorubicin is a member of anthracycline antibiotic that widely used in the treatment of different types of cancer such as hematological malignances, solid tumors, and different organ tumors, doxorubicin is very efficient in the treatment of cancer. But the use of doxorubicin is limited by the side effect of doxorubicin on the same organ, the most important organ that affected by doxorubicin is the heart, the toxicity of doxorubicin in the heart, the use of doxorubicin due to the cardiotoxicity that induced by doxorubicin will lead to cardiomyopathy and in the final result of these cardiotoxicity lead to congestive heart failure that occurred secondary to the cardiotoxicity may appear after long period of termination of treatment by doxorubicin.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study its investigate the possible modulation effect of drugs (verapamil, cyclosporine, labetalol) on the cardiotoxicity that induced by doxorubicin drug. Animals and methods forty Dwale - Spargue male rats where enrolled in this study, the animals divided into groups, (5) rats in each group and assigned as I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII.Group I : received physiological saline (5ml/kg), orally, daily for ten days and served as the control.Group II : received a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal and was sacrificed after 48 hours which served as doxorubicin group.Group III : received verapamil (5mg/kg), orally daily for ten days and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal were given.Group IV : received cyclosporine (0.5mg/kg), orally daily for ten days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was given.Group V : received cyclosporine (1mg/kg), orally daily for ten days ,and on day eight ,one hour after drug administration a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg),intraperitoneal was given. Group VI : received both of verapamil (5mg/kg,orally) and cyclosporine (0.5mg/kg,orally) one hour apart, daily for ten days ,and on day eight, one hour after drug administration ,a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal was given.Group VII : received labetalol (0.5mg/kg), orally daily for ten days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was given. Group VIII : received labetalol (1mg/kg, orally),daily for ten days ,and on day eight ,one hour after drug administration ,a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal was given.Serum MDA, LDH, Troponin I, and interleukine - 17. Were measured and histopathological changes also viewed?ResultsThe results in this study showed an increase in the cardiac biomarkers in the doxorubicin group compared to the control group, the cardiac biomarkers that measured are LDH, MDA, Troponin I, interleukine - 17. Also the results showed histopathalogical changes in cardiac tissue in doxorubicin group as compared to the control group, also the results showed the pre - treatment with verapamil, cyclosporine low dose, cyclosporine high dose, combination of verapamil and cyclosporine low dose, labetalol low dose, labetalol high dose showed decreasing in the cardiac biomarkers MDA, LDH, Troponin I, interleukine - 17 to a significant amount compared to the doxorubicin group, also showed histopathlogical improvement in cardiac tissue. Conclusions Doxorubicin drug used as antineoplastic agent will produce a toxic effect on the cardiac tissue, this toxic effect will limit the use of doxorubicin, cyclosporine, labetalol and verapamil produced differential effects and protection from Doxorubicin induced cardio toxicity via amelioration of cardiac biomarkers and histopathological changes

عزل وتحديد هوية فيروس الحصبة في علاقته ببعض الجوانب المناعية من الاشخاص النازحين الملقحين في محافظة بابل == Isolation And Identification Of Measles Virus In Relation To Some Immunological Aspects From The Vaccinated Displaced Individuals In Babylon Governorate

Author name: ليث احمد عمران كيف الكيف
Supervisor name: محمد عبد كاظم حسن السعدي | يونس عبد الرضا كحيوش الخفاجي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة لتقييم مناعة المجتمع لكلا النازحين والمقيمين الملقحين بلقاح فيروس الحصبة ضد خمج الحصبة في محافظة بابل. لذا تضمنت هذه الدراسة معايرة الحالة المناعية في امصال النازحين والمقيمين محافظة بابل مع عزل وتشخيص فيروس الحصبة من الحالات المشتبه بها. ت | The study was conducted to evaluate the herd immunity for both the displaced and residents vaccinated with measles virus vaccine against measles infection in Babylon governorate. Therefore this study includes the evaluation of the immune status in sera of Babylon governorate displaced and residents with specific aspect for isolation and identification of measles virus from suspected cases. The immune response was evaluated by means of ELISA test (enzyme linked immunosorbet assay) for titration of IgM and IgG immunoglobulin level, in addition to evaluation of perforin level in the sera of 90 measles vaccinated individuals included in this study (50 displaced and 40 residents) from different areas in Babylon governorate, that were collected during the period extent from January up to April of 2016. Data about individuals were fixed according to information of formula including age, sex, geographical location, place displace of displaced and the vaccination date. Successful virus isolation from suspected cases on two types of cells culture included Vero cells line and chicken embryo fibroblast was carried. The titer of the isolated virus on Vero cell line reached (105.8 TCID50 / 0.1ml),which was higher than the titer of the virus isolated on CEF which reach (105.4 TCID50 / 0.1ml) after the third passage of the virus. The isolated virus was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence technique.The age of subjects included in this study ranged from <1 year up to 24 years old. The results revealed that 15 (30%) have positive IgM index in sera of displaced, whereas residents sera sample shown only 6 (15%) positivity. Howover, all 90 (100%) subjects of both groups showed positive IgG index. The results of the present study showed that there were no significant difference of perforin level in sera of refugees and residents at p<0.05.Assaying of immune response against measles virus by measuring IgM immunoglobulin in sera of vaccinated displaced and resident with measles vaccine reflected a highly significant difference between two groups which reached 0.43 mIU/ml in sera of displaced in comparison with residents sera which reached 0.34 mIU/ml. The result showed also high significant differences in IgM between females and males. The females sera IgM levels of displaced and residents were higher than its level in males sera which reached 0.47 mIU/ml and 0.35 mIU/ml, respectively, in comparison with male sera level which reached 0.40 mIU/ml and 0.32 mIU/ml, respectively. According to age group, the highest IgM value was recorded in displaced and residents sera in age group 10 - 14years (0.50 mIU/ml) and 5 - 9years (0.36 mIU/ml) respec - tively. Whereas the lowest IgM serum value was detected in age group <1 year (0.34 mIU/ml) and 15 - 19years (0.31 mIU/ml) for displaced and residents subjects. According to geographical location, the highest IgM level was detected in sera of displaced from Tal Afar city (0.44 mIU/ml) followed by displaced from Ramadi (0.41 mIU/ml) and the lowest IgM value was detected in sera of displaced from Mosul city (0.33 mIU/ml). Whereas the highest IgM value in sera of residents in the subjects of Al - Mahaweel city (0.37 mIU/ml) followed by subjects of Hilla and Al - Qasem city (0.29 mIU/ml and 0.28 mIU/ml) respectively. For IgG serum immunoglobulin the results revealed that there was no difference in significant levels in both group population. But according to age groups significant difference between displaced and residents was detected at p <0.05 in which the 1 - 4 years old showed the highest IgG serum level in both group (1.98 mIU/ml and 2.18 mIU/ml) respectively. While the lowest IgG sera value was recorded in displaced age group of < 1 year old (0.60 mIU/ml) compared with residents age group of 20 - 24 years old (1.65 mIU/ml).It could be concluded that the results showed that the displaced do not have any effect on the residents of the province of Babylon for measles as a result of the good immunization by Babil Health directorate following to the Ministry of Health.

تاثير استخدام عقار الميتفورمين منفردا او استعماله مجتمعا مع عقار كلكلزايد على مستوى الاومنتين - 1 - في مرضى داء السكري من النوع الثاني == Effects Of Metformin Alone Or In Combination With Gliclazide On Serum Omentin - 1 Levels In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Author name: سمر محمد غني سليمان
Supervisor name: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | حيدر فاضل الربيعي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لبحث التاثير العلاجي لاستخدام عقار الميتفورمين منفردا او استعماله مجتمعا مع عقار كلكلزايد على مستوى الاومنتين - 1 - باالاضافة الى المؤشرات الحيوية الاخرى في مرضى داء السكري من النوع الثاني من اجل تقييم ما اذا كان الجمع بين العقارين ( | Background : Omentin is a newly identified adipokine, which is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue, in which omentin - 1 is the main isoform in human circulation, associated with cardio - metabolic disturbances. So considering the impact of anti - diabetic drug on omentin - 1 levels may provide adjuvant strategy to protect diabetic patients against clinical hazards.Aim of the study : The present study aimed to investigate the influence of treatment with metformin alone or in combination with gliclazide on the level of serum omentin - 1, in addition to the other biomarkers adopted in the study in order to evaluate whether the combined therapy (metformin plus gliclazide) ameliorate or adversely effects on some cardiac protector markers of metformin among recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods : A total number of 100 recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the present study from December 2014 until June 2015. Sixty eight patients completed the 12 weeks course of treatment; divided into two equal groups based on treatment regimen in which group1 treated with metformin and group2 treated with metformin plus gliclazide. Thirty two patients did not complete the course of the treatment for unknown reasons and considered as default. In addition to 31 healthy volunteers were randomly chosen and considered as Control Group. In which all the participants in the study underwent detection of blood pressure, pulse rate, weight, height & BMI in addition to the estimation of the levels of others biochemical analysis as glycemic indices, lipid profile & serum omentin - 1at the beginning of the study & after 12 weeks of treatment regimen.Results : The results of this study shown the beneficial amelioration of metformin on some markers that affect CVS represented as significant reduction in BMI (p<0.05), modest improvement in lipid profile with modest elevation in HDL level & lowering blood pressure, significant reduction in the levels of blood glucose & HbA1C (p<0.05), improves insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin resistance, and elevation of serum omentin - 1 level among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (group1). Furthermore, the results of current study are revealed that adding of gliclazide to metformin in treatment of type 2 diabetic patients might influence the documented beneficial effects of metformin on cardiovascular system at least by adversely changing the levels of serum omentin - 1 among group 2. Conclusions : Adding of gliclazide to metformin in treatment of patients with type 2 DM might extend the therapeutic action of metformin in regarding much better controlling of glycemic indices, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. But, at the same time, it might attenuate some of beneficial effects of metformin on cardiovascular system at least by adversely influence on body weight and serum omentin - 1 levels.

تاثير استخدام عقار النكلوزمايد بالمقارنة مع عقار المتفورمين على وزن الجسم ومؤشرات السكر في السمنة المحدثة عند الفئران == Effects Of Use Of Niclosamide Drug In Comparison With Metformin Drug On Body Weight And Glycemic Indices In High Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice

Author name: خالد دهان صليبي
Supervisor name: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | خالد جمعة خليل
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: في ستينيات القرن الماضي كان هناك نوع من العلاجات تستخدم للسيطرة على وزن الجسم او لتخفيفه , تلك المواد تعمل على تثبيط عضيات المايتوكوندريا من انتاج الطاقة وتحويل مجرى تفاعلات الاكسدة نحو انتاج الحرارة بدلا عن الطاقة وبذلك تحفز من زيادة اكسدة الشحوم ومادة ا | Background : Obesity is a state of excessive accumulation of fat tissue in the body , increasing energy expenditure is good way to manage obesity and the related complications. Mitochondrial uncouplers increase energy expenditure , they used before for weight controlling programs because these compounds uncouple mitochondria from generating ATP , moreover stimulate lipid and glucose oxidation preventing lipid accumulation in excess caloric intake conditions specially. Niclosamide an old drug introduced in 1960s as anthelmintic and had FDA approval for the treatment of most of tapeworm infections. It is well known mitochondrial uncoupler.Aim of the study : The present study aimed to investigate the influence of trial of the use of niclosamide in comparison to effect of metformin and their combination on body weight , glycemic indices and lipid profile in high fat diet induced obese mice.Materials and methods : The animals firstly divided to two groups one fed with normal regular mouse chow (30 mice) and the 2nd fed with high fat diet (60%kcal) for 2.5 months(100 mice) 10 mice from each group sacrificed at beginning of study represent baseline values and another 10 mice from each group sacrificed after 2.5 months to assess effect of high fat diet on study parameters. The group that fed with high fat diet further subdivided to 4 groups after 2.5 month of high fat diet feeding each 20 mice , 10 mice from each group sacrificed before treatment represent pretreatment values. Before treatment there are 5 groups assigned as group 1 fed normal regular mouse chow till the end of study , group 2 fed high fat diet without treatment till the end of study , group 3 fed with high fat diet till the end of study and treated with niclosamide for one month (150mg/kg) after obesity induction by high fat diet , group 4 fed with high fat diet till the end and treated by metformin (300mg/kg) for one month and finally group 5 fed with high fat diet till the end of study and treated by combination of niclosamide and metformin (150mg/kg , 300mg/kg respectively). blood samples taken from tail vein to evaluate the study parameters at baseline and after obesity induction by high fat diet (after 2.5 months) and after treatment ,then animals were sacrificed and livers were taken for histopathological observations.Results : The results of this study shown that the animals fed with high fat diet show metabolic disturbances manifested by significant increase (P < 0.05) in body weight , fasting insulin & fasting plasma glucose. Lipid profile show significant changes (P < 0.05)(cholesterol , triglycerides ,low density lipoproteins increased while high density lipoproteins decreased ) as compared to control group. High fat diet group also show impaired glucose tolerance , impaired insulin sensitivity and obvious liver structural changes manifested by sever steatosis.Treatment with niclosamide show improvement in all metabolic disturbances induced by obesity ; body Weight , fasting insulin and fasting plasma glucose reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Lipid profile parameters improved ; cholesterol , triglycerides , low density lipoproteins reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by one month treatment with niclosamide and high density lipoproteins increased significantly (P < 0.05) as compared to their baseline values before treatment, Glucose and insulin tolerance improved. It is nice to mention the influence of niclosamide in this study was comparable to metformin in all evaluated parameters.Combination of both drugs show favorable improvement in metabolic disturbances induced by obesity rather than each drug when used alone specially on liver histopathological changes.Combination of both drugs show significant reduction (P < 0.05) in body weight ,fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin. Lipid profile parameters improved significantly (P < 0.05) , glucose and insulin tolerance improved.Liver histopathological changes ameliorated to higher extent and become the closet to normal liver tissue morphology.Conclusions : The result suggest niclosamide have good antidiabetic action and can ameliorate the metabolic changes induced by obesity significantly. Its action is comparable to that of well known antidiabetic drug metformin. Niclosamide has favorable effect on body weight and can reduce body weight. Its combination with metformin show better improvement in metabolic disturbances induced by obesity and it has very good hepatoprotective effect against liver histopathological changes induced by high fat diet.

دراسة مستوى الهيبسيدين ومستقبلات الترانسفرين في عينات من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بحالات فقر دم نقص الحديد واضطرابات زيادة الحديد في الدم == Study Of Hepcidin Level And Transferrin Level In Samples Of Iraqi Patients With Iron Overload And Iron Deficiency Disorders

Author name: داليا نايف جاسم
Supervisor name: علاء الدين مظفر زبير القاسم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Blood
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The circulating peptide hepcidin is secreted mainly by the liver as an 84 - amino acid precursor that is subsequently processed and secreted as a 25 - amino acid peptide form. It is considered the "master regulator" of iron metabolism.Transferrin receptor is a carrier protein for transferrin. It is needed for the import of iron into the cell and is regulated in response to intracellular iron concentration. It imports iron by internalizing the transferrin - iron complex through receptor - mediated endocytosis. This study addresses the physiological role of hepcidin in vivo and investigates the role of hepcidin as an erythroid regulator, contributing to the modulation of iron absorption by the intestine and iron release by the macrophages in the situation of anemia with normal or increased iron stores. Measuring the transferrin receptor level and it's relation to hepcidin is another part of the data involved in this study.Methods : This study included 64 Iraqi patients, 34 of them have iron deficiency anemia and the other 30 are iron overload patients. They attended the National Center of Hematology and Thalassemia center in Al - Karama Teaching Hospital during the period from October 2014 until April 2015 together with 30 healthy controls. Information regarding age, sex and clinical presentation were recorded. ELISA technique used to measure hepcidin and transferrin receptors level in patients and healthy control groups.Results : ? Mean serum hepcidin level in iron deficiency anemia patients was (205.3ng/ml) while in iron overload patients was (6.7ng/ml).? Mean serum level of transferrin receptors in iron deficiency anemia was (11006.3ng/ml) and in iron overload was (604.5ng/ml).Conclusion : ? The mean level of serum hepcidin in thirty iron deficiency anemia patients is high. Its elevation represented an acute phase response. While in thirty patients with iron overload, hepcidin mean level was low mainly due to stress erythropoiesis.? The current study result addresses the usefulness of soluble transferrin receptor for assessing high iron status in population and how soluble transferrin receptor is useful in the evaluation of anemic patients.

تقييم نظام المعلومات الصحي في العراق == Assessment Of The National Health Information System In Iraq

Author name: ثائر عيسى مراد
Supervisor name: مازن غازي جاسم الربيعي | امجد داود نيازي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر الاحصائيات الصحية الرصينة ضرورة لاتخاذ القرارات السليمة في كل مستويات النظام الصحي. ولكن في الحقيقة ان نظم المعلومات الصحية في معظم البلدان تعتبر غير كافية لتوفير المعلومات اللا زمة لدعم الادارة الصحية ولهذا فان معظم النظم الحالية تعتبر كعائق اداري | Sound health statistics are essential for health decision - making at all levels of the health system. Unfortunately, health information systems in most countries are inadequate in providing the needed management support and the current systems are therefore widely seen as management obstacles rather than as tools, the current study is an attempt to assess the health information system in Iraq with recognizing the strengths, weaknesses and gaps in addition to assessment of the structure and performance of this system; it also attempts to assess the behavioral, technical and organizational determinants affecting the health information system performance. A cross - sectional study was conducted for the assessment process and the levels of the assessment included the ministry of health (national level), the health directorates (provincial level), the districts related to the health directorates reaching to the health centers level, as well as the hospitals related to the health directorates, in addition to the ministry of planning and the ministry of interior. In addition to ministry of health (central level) a total of six governorates were selected by simple random sampling including the capital Baghdad with a seven districts were selected from those governorates also by simple random sampling and a total of twenty six health centers were selected from those districts, as well a total of seven hospitals were included in the study from all governorate and they were selected according to convenience. The interview has been done by using the health metrics network assessment tool version 4, in addition to a complementary assessment tools which are the PRISM package tools that were used at the district and primary health center levels. Based on the data collected and according to the health metric network assessment tool findings the overall health information system has laid in the adequate state (65.96%) with most of its comprising components function poorly. Data dissemination and use and data management categories were the weakest with a score of 50% and 53.3% respectively, while for the resources category it was found to be adequate 63.3%, and for that of HIS indicators, data sources and information product categories they were 73.3%, 66% and 69.6% respectively. For that of the PRISM tools and the findings obtained by them from the collected data the results revealed that a low data quality in term of accuracy with 29.03% at the facility level and 55.35% at the district level, while the completeness rate was excellent with a score 96.38% at the facility level and 98.23% at the district level, for that of the timeliness it was 70.43% timeliness at the district level. The information use for a given feedback at the facility was 50% and at the district was 82.12% and for observed meeting records it was 50% for the facility and 41.6% for the district level. For that of the functionality a 34.61and 67.30% of the facilities reported having a reminder mechanism for data completeness process and meeting a deadline for submitting monthly reports respectively, Data analysis was better at the district 85.71% than at the facility 81.7%, Data display were present in all of the facilities and districts. For the technical determinant the results showed 57%, 85.7%, 71.4% and 100% of the district respondents felt that the form is complex and difficult to follow, data software is a user - friendly, information technology is easy to manage and a comprehensive picture of the health system performance is captured by the system respectively,85.7% believed that the information system collecting information from some vertical programs and one district reported of no collection at all, in addition to that 100% reported the absence of a software that integrates data from different information systems and the available information technology doesn&#39;t provide full access procedure to district and senior managers. Regarding the behavioral determinants the results revealed that overall mean confidence for the information system tasks is 69.41% while for that of the task competence the overall mean competence level is 37.1%. Knowledge of checking data quality, knowledge of health information system rationale and problem solving showed results of 35.32% 37.68% and 2.98% respectively, and that of motivation level was 43.4%. Organizational determinants results revealed that the management functions at facility and district levels were almost absent, while for the perceived promotion of a culture of information it showed a total score of 63.96% and rewarding for a good performance was 56.83%. The activities for promotion of a culture of information are a 25% at the facility level and 28.75% at the district level. And that of supervision quality at the facility were (72.80%). Availability of resources revealed that 100% of the facilities have two or more computers and calculators respectively while only 57.7% have an internet access. Access to the electricity and water supply is very high, No facility reported of running out in registers in the last 12 months. Finally, the current study shows the importance for the need of further attention to be drawn to HIS, in addition to that, increasing the awareness and well coordinated efforts that need to be done to overcome weaknesses and to provide a well functioning HIS enabling for evidence based decision making and action provision in the health system.

تاثيرات السيتاكولين ,الجنسنك واستخدامهما معا على الذاكرة العملية والاداء الحركي النفسي == Effects Of Citicoline, Ginseng, And Their Combination On Psychomotor Performance And Working Memory

Author name: تيسير لطيف علي
Supervisor name: حيدر القريشي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اساس الدراسة : اجريت الدراسة الحالية لتقييم التاثير العلاجي لعقار السيتاكولين والجنسنك واستخدامهما معا على الذاكرة القصيرة المدى والاداء الحسي الحركي, وذلك من خلال دراسة الاثار المركزية والطرفية للعقارين على مقاييس الاداء الحسي الحركي , الذاكرة العمليه , | Citicoline is one of components that present in the human brain, which act to protect the neurons and enhance memory and other cognitive functions due to its choline in their structure which play an important role in the biological membrane biosynthesis. On other hand Ginseng is an herbal plant is known for its therapeutic medical importance, it's used for different purposes in medical fields, that is effective against many diseases, act as a tonic and provide energy with significant reduction in mental and physical fatigue.Aims of the study To evaluate the central effects of Panax Ginseng and/or citicoline on normal healthy volunteers.Material and Method The subjects are randomly divided into four groups for assessment of central effects of Panax Ginseng and /or citicoline compared with placebo. The evaluation of the central effects was done by using the Leeds psychomotor battery tester for evaluating the psychomotor performance, workshop test was used to evaluate working memory function.The enrolled volunteers were randomly divided into the following groups : First group regarded as control group that treated with 500 mg/day of starch capsule as a single dose, second group, received Panax Ginseng capsule 500 mg /day, a third group received citicoline capsule 500 mg/day and the fourth group received Panax Ginseng capsule 500 mg/day plus citicoline capsule 500 mg/day as a single dose. All participants are followed for two consecutive weeks from starting treatments.ResultsIn the present study the placebo didn't have any central effect and MDA serum levels were not significantly change. Panax Ginseng has statistically significant effect on the most parameters of the psychomotor performance, working memory performance, as well as reduction of MDA serum levels. On the other hand, citicoline has statistically a significant effects on most parameters of the psychomotor and working memory function with statistically significant reduction of MDA serum levels.The combination of Panax Ginseng and citicoline have a highly statistically significant effect on all psychomotor performance, working memory performance and statistically significant reduction in the oxidative stress marker (MDA). ConclusionResults of the present study showed that combined effects of citicoline plus Panax Ginseng on central function produced more statistically significant effects on psychomotor performances, CFFF and working memory function than either Panax Ginseng or citicoline when they used alone, in addition to the combined effects of citicoline plus Panax Ginseng have a more significant effect on the oxidative stress,during mental stress.

تقييم وحدات الرعاية المركزة لحديثي الولادة في ردهات الولادة لمستشفيات بغداد == Evaluation Of Neonatal Intensive Care Units At Maternity Wards In Baghdad Hospitals

Author name: بشرى احمد عبد اللطيف
Supervisor name: جمال محمود الخضيري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تتباين انظمة الرعاية لحديثي الولادة المطبقة ولكنها كلها تعتمد على وحدات الخدج الموجودة في مختلف بلدان العالم النامية والمتقدمة.انجزت هذه الدراسة المقطعية التقويمية في وحدات حديثي الولادة لردهات الولادة في مستشفيات بغداد (الكرخ والرصافة) مستثنين وحدات ال | Neonatal health care is provided via a variety of neonatal care units that are available globally both in different developing and developed countries.A cross - sectional evaluation study was conducted in all accessible fifteen neonatal intensive care units in Baghdad (Kharkh and Rosafa) maternity wards, excluding paediatric hospitals, during the period from November 2013 till the end of March 2014.The study aims : 1. Health care evaluation in neonatal intensive care units of maternity wards in Baghdad hospitals in terms of input (human and non - human resources) and outcome.2. Identifying causes of admissions and causes of deaths occurring in neonatal intensive care units The study consisted of two parts : A structure evaluation is using a check list to assess availability of human and non - human resources, covering infrastructure, manpower, equipment, and supplies; and an outcome evaluation study using hospital registration records review for causes of admission and causes of death in neonatal intensive care units during the year 2013.It was found that the mean number of specialist doctors in neonatal intensive care units was 2.1 and with standard deviation ±1.3, and college nurse was 2.2, with standard deviation of ±4.004, pharmacist was 0.4 with standard deviation of± 0.516 and for supplementary staff 1.5 with standard deviation of± 0.516.More than half 54% of nurses had no training in neonatal care.Concerning the availability of general equipment it was adequate except for computers 40%.Air conditioning, lighting and windows in addition to safe water supply was good 100% but ventilation was poor 67%, hand washing area was not always present 60% and free elbow operated water tubes were available in 6.7%. Availability of neonatal intensive care units special area was adequate for storage area 85.7% gowning area78.6%, while all the remaining areas were poorly available (resting room, examining room, mother room, boiling and autoclave room, area for mixing intravenous fluid and medication).Neonatal intensive care units were narrow and area/incubator ranging from 2.28m2 to 4.36m2/ incubator. Number of incubators was 246 with patient/ incubator ratio 53.6 : 1 and 27% of Neonatal intensive care units had no regular maintenance for incubators. Large Neonatal intensive care units >25 incubators were overcrowded, having below standards area/incubator, incubators covers only two third of neonatal care. Still up to one third of Neonatal intensive care units are getting their oxygen supply by cylinders, not pipes. Most equipment for individual use were poorly available. Most of Neonatal intensive care units emergency (cupboard) drugs and supplies were sufficiently available round the clock. Total admissions to Neonatal intensive care units were 13195 neonates. Male neonate's admissions 60% were higher than females 40%. Main causes of admission were Respiratory distress syndrome 43%, prematurity and low birth weight 19.4%, and Transient tachypnea 17.4%; birth asphyxia 4%, and hypoglycemia 3.8%, Congenital anomalies 3.7%, Neonatal jaundice 3%, while meconium aspiration and septicemia were the lowest1%. From all these admissions 74% were discharged well, (6%) were referred, while those discharged against medical advice were (4%) and the rest (16%) died. The main causes of death in Neonatal intensive care units were Respiratory distress syndrome 34%, prematurity and low birth weight 31% congenital anomalies 12%, birth asphyxia 8%, septicemia 4%, meconium aspiration 1% and 10% due to other unclassified causes. From this evaluation study, it can be concluded that there were Neonatal intensive care units with under staffing, undertraining and poor designing. Respiratory distress syndrome and prematurity were the main neonatal health problems.

تقييم استخدام الروزوفاستاتين والتلميسرتان في حالة تسمم عضلة القلب الحاد المحدث من استخدام الدوكسوروبيسيبن في الجرذان المختبرية == Evaluation The Usage Of Rosuvastatin And Telmisartan In Doxorubicin Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity In Rats

Author name: ايهاب اياد احمد
Supervisor name: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | خالد جمعة خليل
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Pharmacology Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لتقييم التاثيرالعلاجي لاستخدام الروزوفاستاتين والتلمسارتان في التقليل من سمية القلب المحدثة من عقار الدوكسوروبسين في الجرذان المختبريةباستخدام الطرق الكيميائية الحيوية والنسيجية ومقارنة تاثير الاستخدام المزدوج بفعالية استخدام كل م | Background : Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic is a powerful antineoplastic drug, but its therapeutic usefulness is limited by its cardiotoxicity. Aim of the study : The present study investigated the influence of pretreatment with rosuvastatin and telmisartan alone or in combination in different doses on doxorubicin induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats using biochemical and histological approaches. Materials and methods : The animals were divided into eight groups of 5 animals each. The first group received no drug(s) po but a single dose of distilled water (7.5 ml/kg, ip) on day eight, which serves as the control group. The second group received no drug(s) po but a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) on day eight, and serves as doxorubicin only received group. The third and sixth group received rosuvastatin (2 , 10) mg/kg/day respectively for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given. The fourth and seventh group received telmisartan (2 , 4) mg/kg/day respectively for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given. The fifth and eighth group received both drugs, where the fifth group received both of rosuvastatin (2 mg/kg, po) and telmisartan (2 mg/kg, po), 1 hour apart, daily for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given. While the eighth group received both of rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg, po) and telmisartan (4 mg/kg, po), 1 hour apart, daily for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given.At day ten of the study, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis, then animals were sacrificed and hearts were taken for histopathological observations. Results : Rats treated with doxorubicin showed cardiotoxicity as evidenced by significant elevation of serum cardiac troponin (CTn - I) level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and interluekine 17 (IL - 17) level associated with important histopathological alterations while pre - treatment with rosuvastatin and telmisartan elicited a significant decrease in the activities of all markers measured in comparison with doxorubicin treated group with pronounced resolution of Dox induced cardiac histological changes to a milder picture.Conclusion : These results suggest pretreatment with rosuvastatin and telmisartan alone or in combination provide a significant protective effect against acute - doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats represented by biochemical markers and histological approaches.

العلاقة بين تجارب الطفولة السيئة والمطاوعة على الصحة بعد البلوغ في بغداد == The Relationship Of Adverse Childhood Experiences And Resilience To Adult's Health In Baghdad City

Author name: اميل فاروق الشاوي
Supervisor name: رياض خضير لفتة | صالح الحسناوي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تجارب الطفولة السيئة تشير الى اكثر مصادر الاجهاد شيوعا وشدة التي يعاني منها الاطفال في حياتهم المبكرة. من هذه الخبرات الاساءة، الاهمال، العنف بين الابوين او مقدمي الرعاية والعنف المجتمعي. وتبين ان الاجهاد الطويل في الطفولة له اثار طيلة الحياة على صحة | Adverse Childhood Experiences refer to some of the most intensive and frequently occurring sources of stress that children may suffer early in life. Such experiences include multiple types of abuse; neglect; violence between parents or caregivers and community violence exposure. It has been shown that prolonged stress in childhood has life - long consequences for a person's health and well - being; it may lead to serious problems such as alcoholism, depression, eating disorders, heart diseases, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Resilience is the ability to manage crises, difficult situations and developmental tasks. Research on resilience has identified several factors that strengthen the power and resources of children as well as promote their abilities to cope successfully with crises and internal and external problems. This cross - sectional study was conducted to estimate the effect of adverse childhood experiences and resilient factors on adults’ heath. It was done during the period from January 2013 through January 2014. The study sample was drawn from Baghdad City. Multistage sampling technique was used to choose 13 primary health care centers and eight colleges from three universities in Baghdad; the questionnaire was filled through a direct interview with the participants. In addition to that, teachers of seven primary schools and two secondary schools were chosen by a convenient method. A total of 1040 subjects were surveyed and 1000 responded. Their age ranged between 18 to 59 years (32.08±11.169). Females constituted a higher proportion (58.3%) of the study sample, 60% of this sample had university/diploma as the highest level of education. The results showed (during childhood) that seeing or hearing a parent or household member in home being yelled at, screamed at, sworn at, insulted or humiliated was reported in 469 (46.9%). A parent, guardian or other household member yelled, screamed or swear at, insulted or humiliated them was registered in 387 (38.7%). A parent, guardian or other household member spanked, slapped, kicked, punched the subjects was seen in 335 (33.5%). father's death (when the subject's age was 15 years or less) was reported in 104 (10.4%) of the participants, and 74.8 % of the subjects like to be the kind of people their parents were. The multiple linear regression models demonstrated that being in the fourth quartile (highest quartile) of household dysfunction - abuse score is expected to significantly increase depression symptoms score by a mean of (10.4) compared to subjects in the lowest (first quartile) of household dysfunction - abuse score, being in the fourth quartile of family bonding score is expected to significantly decrease depression symptoms score by a mean of ( - 22.5) compared to subjects in the first quartile, the same is correct for self - esteem score which increases by a mean of (21.484) for the fourth quartile of family bonding score compared to subjects with lowest (first quartile) after adjusting other explanatory variables. Logistic regression model showed that being in a higher level of family bonding (fourth quartile) is expected to reduce the risk of having chronic physical diseases by almost the half (odds ratio =0.57) and being exposed to a high level of household dysfunction and abuse (fourth quartile) is expected to increase the risk of having chronic physical diseases by 81%. A positive history of suicidal attempts showed a strong positive association with mean score of household dysfunction and abuse. Family bonding during childhood appears to be the most important resilient factor that protects adults against sedative or narcotic usage, mental disorders, suicide attempts, and chronic physical diseases during adulthood. Higher levels of exposure to adverse childhood experiences have a positive association with substances usage, suicide attempts, symptoms of mental disorders and chronic physical diseases in adulthood.

التغيرات الكيما حيوية في مصل الدم لتراكيز الهيبسيدين والانترلوكين - 6 نسبة لحالة الحديد قبل وبعد العلاج الكيميائي عند المرضى البالغين المصابين بسرطان الدم النيقاني الحاد == Biochemical Changes In Hepcidin And IL - 6 Concentrations Relative To Iron Status In Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Before And After Treatment

Author name: هبة عمار محمد
Supervisor name: ختام عبد الوهاب علي | علاء فاضل علوان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هدف الدراسة : لتعيين العلاقة بين هرمون الهبيسيدين (hepcidin) (الهرمون المنظم لتوازن الحديد في الجسم والانترلوكين - 6 ( (interlukin - 6و علاقتها ببعض المتغيرات الكيميائية الحياتية عند المرضى المصابين بابيضاض الدم النيقاني الحاد ((AML قبل وبعد اكمال الجرعة الك | Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal, malignant disease of hematopoietic tissues characterized by the accumulation of abnormal blast cells, especially in bone marrow, and impaired production of normal blood cells. The statistics show that this disease in men is more prevalent than women and this type of leukemia is increasing with age. Objectives : To assess biochemical changes related to iron status in acute myeloid leukemia pre and post course of chemotherapy and evaluate a relationship between serum hepcidin and IL - 6 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia pre and post chemotherapy and compare their levels to controls and their contribution on the pathogenesis of AML.Patients, Materials and Methods : The present study conducted at the National Center of Hematology and Baghdad Teaching Hospital in the Medical City from February 2014 to June 2014.The study included Fifty - eight (58) patients (30 male and 28 female) diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia the age of patients range (15 - 65 years). Forty three (43)patients continued the study (24 male and 19 female) divided into two groups : Group (1) Patients with AML before starting chemotherapy. Group (2) the patients after 4 weeks of chemotherapy. Patient's treatment was done according to international protocol used in acute myeloid leukemia and called (3+7) where Doxorubicin was given from the first day to third day and Cyatrabine (Ara - C) was given from the first day to seventh day.Evaluationwas done on day (28) from starting chemotherapy to assess response of patients through bone marrow aspiration.All patients were subjected to complete history and physical examination. Diagnosis of AML patients was established by complete blood count and blood film, bone morrow aspiration and biopsy, hepcidin, interlukine - 6, C - reactive protein, ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity, alkaline phosphstase, direct bilirubin were done for all patients.Forty - three (43) healthy subjects (24 male and 19 female) were enrolled in the study mainly from medical staff and their families. They were age and sex matched to patients group and considered as controls as ( Group 3).Results : • Serum hipcidin levels were significantly higher in(AML)patients (Group 2) compared to newly diagnosed(Group 1) and to healthy subjects ( P<0.0001).• Serum (IL - 6) levels were higher but not significant in(Group 1) compared to (Group 2) and significantly with healthy controls(P<0.214 and P<0.0001 respectively).• A significant increase in mean of serum ferritin levels were observed in (Group 2) compared to newly diagnosed patients (Group 1)(P<0.002) and the levels were significantly higher in newly diagnosed group compared to healthy controls (P<0.015).• Patients with (AML) during remission show significant decrease in levels of iron compared to newly diagnosed group(P<0.0001),while levels in healthy controls was higher values than both (Group 2) and (Group 1) (P<0.0001).• Total iron binding capacity (TIBC ) levels showed a significant decrease in (Group 2) after treatment compared to (Group 1) before treatment(P<0.0001) but the levels were significantly higher in healthy controls compared to (Group 1) and (Group 2) (P<0.0001).• Mean serum ALP levels showed highly increase in (Group 2) patients when compared to patients before treatment (Group 1)( P<0.0001), but the difference is not significantly higher between the newly diagnosis and controls (P<0.687).• A significant increase in mean serum direct bilirubin levels were observed in (Group 2) patients when compared to (Group 1) and healthy controls(P<0.0001).• Regarded to CRP levels in AML patients before and after treatment, the CRP levels increased in AML patients after treatment than newly diagnosed AML patients.Conclusions : Hepcidin and Interlukin - 6 may be used asprognostic for acute myeloid leukemia and also can play an important role in pathogenesis of AML.

دور هرمونات الاديبونكتيندور واللبتين والسايتوكينات لدى بعض المرضى المصابين بعجز القلب المزمن == Role Of Adiponectin Leptin&Other Cytokines In Some Chronic Heart Failure Patients

Author name: نور نصير نافع
Supervisor name: عدنان فاضل النجار | صباح موسى فاضل
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Adiponectin
  • leptin
  • cytokine
  • Chronic Heart Failure
First pages:
Abstract: عجز لقلب المزمن : حالة تقويضية معقدة متمثلة بمرحلة تشخيصية متقدمة مدمرة ونهائية. ان عملية انتقال المرض من مستقر الى دنف القلب(اعتلال عام مع هزال) ليست مفهومة جيدا, وهناك عدد من العمليات المختلفة للحفاظ من عملية الهدر، وهي في معظمها حيث وجدت لتكون في وقت م | Chronic Heart Failure(CHF)is a complex catabolic state that carries a devastating prognosis. The transmission from stable disease to cardiac cachexia is not well understood. A number of different mechanism maintain the wasting process, most of which were found to be activated early in the development of CHF.Many of these pathways are initially activated to protect heart from damage and to compensate for impaired myocardial function. Mediators that have been implicated in this process include pro - inflammatory cytokines like interleukin 1 and 6, tumour necrosis factor - ? and the acute phase protein (C.R - P)these cytokines are activated during the course of CHF and maintaining the wasting process. Little is known about the mechanism leading to cardiac cachexia (C.C).Adiponectin and leptin are a protein hormones derived from adipocytes and they are important regulator of energy metabolism and body weight. Previous studies of CHF and C.C , had great differences between cachectic and non - cachectic patients.OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between Adiponectin, leptin & cytokines in cachectic &non cachectic HF patients & compared the results with coronary artery disease( CAD) patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function( LVSF) &healthy control to elucidate their roles in pathobiochemistary of cachexia, & to study the prognostic power of adiponectin in CHF, also to identify & confirm the role of proinflammatory cytokine(IL - 6& TNF - ?)& systemic inflammation marker (C - R.P)in the progression of CHF to cardiac cachexia.SUBJECTS &METHODE Studies were performed in Cardiology Clinics in Ibn Al - Betar hospital for cardiac surgery. Eighty eight subjects were divided into four groups each contain 22 subjects are enrolled in this study : 1st group : patient with HF(reduce LVSF)with cachexia include 5 females &17 males with age range from 47 - 76 years;2nd group : patients with HF(reduce LVSF)but without cachexia include 6 females& 16 males with age range from 34 - 70 years;3rd group : patients with CAD (preserved LVSF)include 11 males &11 females with age range from35 - 80 years & 4th group : consisted of healthy controls include 11male s& 11 females with age range from 36 - 65 years. The hormonal assay was done by ELISA.RESULTSPatients with CHF with cachexia had significantly higher concentrations of adiponectin than all other groups(p=0.004) ,that are associated with significant decrease in serum level of leptin(p=0.002), significant increase in serum level of IL - 6 when compared to other groups (p=0.0001)& significant increase in number of C - R.P positive compared only to healthy control(p=0.007),but serum level of TNF - ? is significantly decrease when compared to both CAD(p=0.023) &healthy control (p=0.0001)although it was non - significant decrease when comper to patient with CHF without cachexia.In the patient with CHF without cachexia, non - significant increase in serum level of adiponectin (when compared to patient with CAD with preserved LVSF& non - significant decrease compare to healthy control), while serum level of leptin was non - significantly decrease (when compared to patient with CAD with preserved LVSF & non - significant increase when compared to healthy control) associated with non - significant decrease in serum level of TNF - ? in comparison to CAD with preserved LVSF but significant decrease compared healthy control(p=0.011)while serum level of IL - 6 significantly increase in comparison to both CAD with preserved LVSF(p=0.01) &healthy control(p=0.008).In CAD with preserved LVSF non - significant decrease in serum level of adiponectin,while non - significant increase in serum level of both leptin , IL - 6 & TNF - ? when compared to healthy control. In this study there is strong significant positive correlation between adiponectin & TNF - ? in patients with CAD with preserved LVSF(r=0.615,p=0.002); while adiponectin was positively correlated with E.F% in patients with CAD with preserved LVSF(r=0.448,p=0.037).Finally there is significant positive correlation between TNF - ? & IL - 6 in patients with CHF with cachexia(r=0.466,p=0.029).CONCLUSIONCachexia, is a catabolic state of CHF associated with increase in serum adiponectin concentration, this may be consider as preservation of physical response to the changes in body fat but might also suggest that adiponectin plays a role in pathogenesis of cachexia, while cachexia associated with HF is not caused by enhance leptin release but, by increased level of adiponectin which is powerful predictor of cardiac cachexia.Cardiovascular Disease(CVD) is associated with elevated marker of systemic inflammation)C - R.P(that plays important role in disease progression& increase level of proinflamnmatory cytokine)IL - 6(has been reported as important pathogenic factor contributed to cardiac injury during CHF& progression to cardiac cachexia, although ,the level of TNF - ? is lower & has no relation to the degree of cachexia

تقييم نسبة الاديبونيكتين والانترلوكين - 6 واضداد البروتين الستروليني في مصل الدم وتركيب الجسم مع الكثافة الكتلوية للعظم لدى المرضى المصابين بالفصال العظمي العقدي == Evaluation Of Serum Adiponectin , Interleukin - 6 , Anti - Cyclic Citrulinated Peptide And Body Mass Index With Bone Mineral Density In Nodal Osteoarthritis Patients

Author name: مصطفى سالم خلف
Supervisor name: عدنان فاضل النجار | عباس طعمة جودة الخزاعي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الفصا العظمي العقدي هو واحد من انواع التهاب المفاصل الموضعي. هو مرض المفصل التنكسي او الانحلالي, ويشمل الغضروف المفصلي والعظم تحت الغضروف, وهو يعتبر نوع من انواع امراض المناعة الذاتية. السبب الرئيسي للفصال العظمي العقدي غير معروف لكن هناك اسباب متنوعة مثل | Nodal osteoarthritis (NOA) is one type of the localised osteoarthritis that mostly occurs with postmenopausal women. It is degenerative joint disease, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone, it consider type of autoimmune diseases. The main cause of NOA is unknown but there are variety of causes like hereditary and metabolic, may initiate processes leading to loss of cartilage. The cartilage loss process usually lead to induce the immune system to release many of immune factors like cytokines , these factors lead to generation of immune response and inflammation in the joint. The NOA mostly occurs with postmenopausal women. It affects the smaller joint. Over several years, firm knobbly swellings form on the finger joints. These are caused by osteophytes so lead to bony enlargement and are known as Heberden's nodes when they are at the end joints of fingers (distal interphalangeal joints) or Bouchard's nodes when they are at the mid - finger joints (proximal interphalangeal joints). Once the nodes are fully formed, and not necessarily painful, they do limit the movement of the fingers significantly. NOA leads to the formation of bunions, rendering them red or swollen. Some people notice these physical changes before they experience any pain, but in advance cases, many of Symptoms may include like joint pain, stiffness and sometimes an effusion. When bone surfaces become less well protected by cartilage, bone may be exposed and damaged. As a result of decreased movement secondary to pain, regional muscles may atrophy, and ligaments may become more lax.Many studies have been done about inflammatory and biochemical markers in NOA and they found conflicting results. Objective1 - To evaluate serum adiponectin , interleukin - 6 (IL - 6) , anti cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) and bone mineral density (BMD) in NOA.2 - To asses the CRP , RF and ESR in NOA.3 - To asses effect of age , gender , effect of BMI , smoking habit and duration of disease in NOA.Material and Method This study performed during the period from November 2013 to February 2014. These subjects were selected from patients attending the Rheumatology & Rehabilitation Consultation Unit at Al - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital. Patients and controls with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, chronic disease of kidney, liver and any patients taken drugs that might effect the results have been excluded from the study.The laboratory tests were done in Al - Yarmouk teaching hospital laboratories and the laboratory research unit in collage of medicine / department of medical biochemistry. Subjects80 subjects (60 patients & 20 healthy controls) were enrolled in this study : A. First group : Patients with Nodal Osteoarthritis (NOA), No. = 60 (female =49 & male =11), rang of age (40 - 88) years.B. Second group : Healthy control group who had no history or clinical evidence of NOA or any other chronic disease like hypertension, DM and other chronic disease that might effect on the study data, No. 20 (female = 15 & male =5 ), rang of age (48 - 82) years.The patients were diagnosed as NOA according to the 2013 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, also the patients were diagnosed as normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis according to the 2013 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria by measured of BMD (T - score) Normal : T - score (more than or equal - 1), Osteopenia : T - score ( - 1.1 - - 2.5) and Osteoporosis : T - score (less than - 2.5). The patients BMI were measured and determined as Normal (18 - 24.9 kg/m2), Over weight (24.9 - 29.9 Kg/m2), Obese grade - I (29.9 - 34.9 kg/m2) and Obese grade - II (more than 34.9 kg/m2) according to WHO 2012.MethodsELISA technique was used for the determination of serum adiponectin, IL - 6 and ACCP. Measurement of serum uric acid was done by spectrophotometric instrument. qualitative serological tests were used for determination of the CRP and RF also ESR determination were done in hospital laboratory. The BMI was determined by WHO equation's (2012) (weight/ (length) 2), also the BMD was determined by DXA scan according to ACR limits.Results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis by using SPSS and Excel program.ResultsLevels of serum adiponectin, IL - 6, CRP, ESR and BMI were significantly increased in NOA patients most than healthy controls, also the BMD (T - score) significantly decreased in NOA patients than healthy controls. But the age, gender, serum ACCP and uric acid were not significantly changed in NOA patients compared with healthy controls. Study of age, gende , BMI and duration of disease, found that they did not effect any parameters studied in NOA patients, only serum ACCP level was found to be significantly increased in females than males. Serum adiponectin level and CRP were significantly increased more in osteoporosis than osteopenia and normal. CRP was significantly increased in smoker than non smoker NOA patients.This study showed negative correlation between serum adiponectin and BMD, positive correlation between serum adiponectin and ESR, serum adiponctin and IL - 6 and IL - 6 and ESR in NOA patients. This study illustrated change in the status of the inflammatory markers like adiponectin, IL - 6 and other parameters in NOA disease. It illustrated effect of some of the factors like age, gender, BMI, BMD, smoking habit and duration of disease on development of NOA disease and on the status of the parameters studied. Also this study illustrated some correlation between the parameters in NOA patients.

المرضى المصابين بالمتلازمة الشريانية الحاد Vaspin and Omentin - 1 : تقييم مستويات == Evaluation Of Serum Vaspin And Omentin - 1 Levels In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author name: مشتاق عبد هنيدي الطائي
Supervisor name: ولاء احمد الجدة | عباس ناجي الشريفي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an insufficient supply of the myocardium with oxygenated blood in which atherosclerosis is an essential cause of myocardial ischemia. Adipokine biomarkers plays an essential role in the atherosclerosis and hence coronary artery disease. Serum Vaspin, Omentin - 1 and troponin I Fast are the biomarkers that believed to be independently associated with acute coronary syndrome.Objective : The study was carried out to evaluate : serum Vaspin,Omentin - 1 and Troponin I Fast in patients with acute coronary syndrome [ST - Elevation Myocardial Infarction(STEMI), Non - ST - segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI),and Unstable Angina pectoris (UA)], that may help in guiding the diagnosis and treatment.Subjects, Materials and Methods : The study include a total (100) individuals; (75) patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and (25) healthy control.A total number of 75 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (50 male ,25 female ) as : 25 patients with STEMI (22 male and 3 female) 25 patients NSTEMI(16 male and 9 female ) and 25 patients with unstable angina UA(12 male and13 female)were enrolled in this study all taken from Coronary Care Unit (CCU)at AL - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital.Each patient was clinically examined by the consultant cardiologist and the diagnosis was achieved by electrocardiograph (ECG), and cardiac enzyme levels.Venous blood sample (ten milliliters) was drawn from each patient and control after (10 - 12) hours overnight fasting, using a 10 ml disposable syringe between 9.00 and 11.00 A.M.The sample was divided into two portions one for testing Hb concentration and the other part was centrifuged to obtain serum, to be used for measuring the following variables : serum vaspin, serum omentin - 1 and Troponin I Fast, total cholesterol, triglyceride, High density lipoprotein cholesterol and low - density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, serum creatinine and uric acid.Body mass index was calculated according to the following equation : BMI=weight/height2, also blood pressure was measured.Results : Serum vaspin and omentin - 1 levels were significantly lower in patients groups in comparison with control group, while serum Troponin I fast, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in patients with coronary artery disease than controls. Negatively significant correlation was found between serum vaspin and omentin - 1 with (BMI, total cholesterol and troponin I Fast).Conclusion : Serum Vaspin and Omentin - 1 levels were lower in acute coronary syndrome patients in comparison with control group, serum vaspin and omentin - 1 showed significant changes with the development and progression of acute coronary syndrome and would be valuable in the assessment of patients with acute coronary syndrome.Vaspin and Omentin - 1 may be used as a predictor of ACS.

دراسة فرط زيادة الانسولين بالدم والمتلازمة الايضية لدى مرضى داء السكري النوع الثاني == A Study Of Hyperinsulinemia And Metabolic Syndrome In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Author name: علي عبد اللطيف حسن
Supervisor name: THABIT NUMMAN WAHID AL | AZZAWE
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: مرض السكري من النوع الثاني هو اكثر اشكال مرض السكري شيوعا ويتميز باختلال افراز الانسولين واختلال فعاليته ويكون مصحوبا بمشكله زياده الممانعه للانسولين(وهي الحاله التي يكون فيها كميه الانسولين الطبيعيه تكون غير كافيه لانتاج نفس الفعاليه الايضيه في الخلايا | Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and is characterized by disorders of insulin action and insulin secretion, and associated with increase problem of insulin resistant which is the condition in which normal amounts of insulin are inadequate to produce a normal insulin response from fat, muscle and liver cells. Insulin resistance in fat cells results in hydrolysis of stored triglycerides, which elevates free fatty acids in the blood plasma. Insulin resistance in muscle reduces glucose uptake, whereas insulin resistance in liver reduces glucose storage, with both effects serving to elevate blood glucose. High plasma levels of insulin and glucose due to insulin resistance often lead to metabolic syndrome.The combination of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and obesity, particularly central obesity, has been termed the “metabolic syndrome.” It has been proposed that this syndrome is a powerful determinant of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Material and measurements : The study is designed to measure BMI, FBS, TG, HDLc, and c - peptide and insulin level. history of hypertension, age of patients and duration of diabetes are Also taken in to account. These parameters and measures applied for forty five patients with diabetes and thirty normal as control subjects.Results : - There is a positive significant Correlation between insulin level of the diabetic patient and BMI - there is Also a positive significant correlation between insulin level and C - peptide in diabetic patient (r=0.781) (p=0.0001) and in healthy control (r=0.599) (p=0.0001). - There is a positive significant Correlation between C - peptide level of the diabetic patient and BMI - There is a significant negative correlation between HDL with HbA1c, in diabetic patient (r= - 0.423) (p=0.006) and significant correlation of HbA1c with FBS - There is a positive significant Correlation between duration of diabetes and age of the patient(r=0.783) (p=0.0001) - There is a significant negative correlation between C - peptide and duration of diabetes in diabetic patient (r= - 0.310) (p=0.045) - There is a significant correlation between TG with FBS values. - There is a negative significant correlation between TG with HDL values. - 37.8% of diabetic patients had metabolic syndrome and no one of the control subjects had the criteria of (WHO).Conclusion : There were large percentage of diabetic patients with different BMI had metabolic syndrome as compared with the control subjects. There were strong correlations between insulin level (hyperinsulinemia) and risk of metabolic syndrome development and appearance of its complications. The risk of hyperinsulinemia and metabolic syndrome was well correlated with BMI than with HbA1c. Most of over weight and obese patients had high insulin level with different degrees of glycemic control and duration of disease. Large number of patient with metabolic syndrome were hypertensive as compared with diabetic patients with out the syndrome.

مستوى الدلائل الكيمياحياتية ومعاملات الاورام في التمييز بين سائل الاستسقاء السرطاني الخبيث وسائل الاستسقاء غير السرطاني == The Level Of Biochemical Parameters And Tumour Markers In The Differentiation Between Malignant From Non - Malignant Ascitic Fluid

Author name: عبد الله علي محمد
Supervisor name: ناصر محمد فهد الربيعي | رباح هياب سريح
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الاستسقاء هو مصطلح يطلق على الجهاز الهضمي لتراكم السوائل في التجويف البريتوني (البطني) الناجمة عن كل من الامراض غير الخبيثة مثل تليف الكبد، والتهاب الصفاق السلي... الخ، والامراض الخبيثة مثل سرطان غشاء البطن المنتشر، وسرطان الثدي وسرطان المبيض. لقد تم | Ascites is a gastroenterological term for an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity caused by both non - malignant disease such as cirrhosis, tuberculous peritonitis..etc, and by malignant disease such as metastatic adenocarcinoma, breast cancer and ovarian cancer. The work in this thesis was done to evaluate the role of the multiple biochemical parameters and group of tumour markers in the differentiation between malignant ascites from non - malignant ascites. A number of parameters were obtained from (60) sixty patients : (30) thirty with malignant ascites and (30) thirty with non - malignant ascites (as controls), all patients admitted to the department of gastroenterology in Medical City - Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Oncology Teaching Hospital and Al - Amal Hospital between December 2013 and July 2014. The biochemical parameters and tumour markers which have been measured in the present study included : total protein, albumin, uric acid, calcium(Ca++), carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA19 - 9), cancer antigen(CA15 - 3), cancer antigen(CA125) and ? - human chorionic gonadotropin (? - hCG).The statistical analysis for the data obtained in the present study showed : 1 - Highly significant increase of CA15 - 3, ? - hCG and ascitic fluid/serum (A/S) total protein ratio in malignant ascitic fluid while there is significant decrease of serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) and serum ascites cholesterol gradient (SACG) in malignant ascites compared with non - malignant ascites patients (p<0.0005, p<0.0005, p<0.05, p<0.0005 and p<0.005 respectively). Thus the level of these parameters in ascitic fluid could be used as a good parameters in differentiation between malignant ascites from non - malignant ascites patients.2 - Significant increase in serum CA15 - 3 and ? - hCG level in malignant ascites patients compared to non - malignant ascites (p<0.05 and p<0.0005 respectively). 3 - Significant increase of CEA, CA19 - 9, total protein, albumin, uric acid and Ca++ level in ascitic fluid of malignant ascites patients compared to non - malignant ascites (p<0.0005, p<0.005, p<0.005, p<0.005, p<0.05 and p<0.05 respectively), thus the level of these parameters in ascitic fluid could be used as a helpful parameters in differentiation between malignant ascites from non - malignant ascites patients. 4 - Significant increase in serum of CEA, CA19 - 9, albumin, uric acid and Ca++ level in malignant ascites patients compared to non - malignant ascites (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05 and p<0.05 respectively) while there is no significant differences in serum total protein level of malignant ascites compared to non - malignant ascites (p>0.05). 5 - CA125 level in ascitic fluid and serum of malignant ascites patients shows no significant increase compared to non - malignant ascites (p>0.05 and p>0.05 respectively), therefor CA125 test in ascitic fluid cannot be used as a parameter in differentiation between malignant ascites from non - malignant ascites patients.CA15 - 3, ? - hCG, (A/S) total protein ratio, SAAG and SACG can be considered as a good parameters in differentiation of malignant from non - malignant ascites, while CEA, CA19 - 9, total protein, albumin,Ca++ and uric acid level in spite of their increase in malignant ascitic fluid but this increase is not considered as a diagnostic factor and can be used as a helpful parameters in the differentiation between malignant from non - malignant ascites. CA125 has no useful role in diagnosis or differentiation between malignant from non - malignant ascites.
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