Author name:
رفل حليم نوماس
Supervisor name:
عبير جياد يوسف
Key words:
- Atherosclerosis
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1
- Adiponectin
- Leptin
Abstract:
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, complex, inflammatory disease that affects medium to large size arteries (coronary, carotid, peripheral arteries). This condition begins when oxidized low-density lipoproteins build up in the artery intima. This resulted in the production of proinflammatory oxidized lipids by the overlapping endothelial cells. This leads to hardening and narrowing of blood vessels. Aim of study: To find association between obesity with occurrence of atherosclerosis. The study included (100) males with an average age of (40-65), and they were divided as follows: (60) patients groups suffering from atherosclerosis were divided into two groups, depending on the body mass index (BMI): ● The obese group (BMI = 25 ≥ 30) included 30 male subjects. ● The normal weight group, BMI = 18.5-24.9, included 30 male subjects. (40) control groups were divided into two groups, depending on the BMI ● The obese group (BMI = 25 ≥ 30) included 20 male subjects. ● The normal weight group, BMI = 18.5-24.9, included 20 male subjects. This study was conducted from November 2022 to May 2023. The samples were taken from the Karbala Center for Cardiac diseases and surgery, where (5ml) blood samples were taken from patients and control, and the biochemical and physiological tests were conducted on them (adiponectin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AIC), troponin I, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile). The result of this study found a highly significant decrease (p≤0.001) in concentration of adiponectin in (atherosclerosis obese, atherosclerosis normal, control obese) as compared to control normal. While highly significant increase (p≤0.001) in concentration of leptin in (atherosclerosis obese, atherosclerosis normal, control obese) as compared to control normal. A highly significant increase XIV (p≤0.001) in concentration of PAI-1 in (atherosclerosis obese, atherosclerosis normal, control obese) as compared to control normal. While highly significant increase (p≤0.001) in concentration of MDA in (atherosclerosis obese, atherosclerosis normal, control obese) as compared to control normal. A highly significant decrease (p≤0.001) in concentration of T-AOC in (atherosclerosis obese, atherosclerosis normal, control obese) as compared to control normal. A highly significant increase (p≤0.001) in concentration of troponin I in atherosclerosis groups as compared to control groups. Found a highly significant increase (p≤0.004) in the concentration of CRP in (atherosclerosis obese, atherosclerosis normal, and control obese) as compared to control normal. A significant increase (p≤0.001), (p≤0.005), (p≤0.021), (p≤0.001) in the concentration of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), respectively in atherosclerosis obese as compared to (atherosclerosis normal, control obese, control normal). Also a highly significant decrease (p≤0.001) in the concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in ( atherosclerosis obese, atherosclerosis normal, control obese) as compared to control normal. This study clarified several relationships among parameters in the atherosclerosis obese group. There was a significant negative correlation between adiponectin and MDA. It observes significant positive correlation between BMI and both TG and VLDL. In addition to the positive correlation between TC and LDL. It shows positive correlation between TG and both VLDL, MDA. This study observed several relationships among parameters in the atherosclerosis normal group. There was a significant negative correlation between BMI and T-AOC. It shows a negative correlation between TC and HDL. It shows positive correlation between TG and VLDL. This study observed several relationships among parameters in obese group. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and PAI-1. In addition, XV negative correlation between BMI and HDL, positive correlation between TC and LDL, positive correlation between TG and VLDL. Conclusion: there is association between (adiponectin, leptin, PAI-1) in the development of atherosclerosis in obese patients. Increased MDA concentration indicates that the rate of oxidative stress is high. Decrease in concentration of T-AOC in all obese groups. Leptin ,which controls metabolism, was found to be increasing, which may be a sign that the metabolic issue in obese individuals in this study.
