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تقييم وظيفة البطين الايمن بواسطة دوبلرالانسجة في تخطيط صدى القلب للمرضى المصابين بضعف الوظيفة الانقباضية للبطين الايسر == Assessment of Right Ventricular Function by Tissue Doppler Echocardiography in Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Author name: مروة قاسم محمد
Supervisor name: معتز فوزي حسين
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Echocardiography
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Knowledge about the role of the right ventricle in health and disease historically has lagged behind that of the left ventricle. Less muscular, restricted in its role to pumping blood through a single organ, and less frequently or obviously involved than the left ventricle in diseases of high proportions such as myocardial ischemia, cardiomyopathy, or valvulopathy. Consequently, comparatively little attention has been devoted to how right ventricular dysfunction may be best detected and measured. Right ventricular function is related to left ventricular function by ventricular interdependence, so we should assessed its function carefully.The Aim of the StudyIs to assess the consequence of the left ventricular systolic dysfunction on the right ventricular systolic and diastolic function by Tissue Doppler Echocardiography.MethodsFrom October 2014 to May 2015 we enrolled 60 consecutive patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction diagnosed by echocardiography with the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of (37.6±8.6%).For all, complete transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was done, including assessment of left ventricular dimensions, systolic and diastolic function by two - dimensional (2 - D) and tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDI), assessment of right ventricular dimensions, systolic and diastolic function by (2 - D) and (TDI) echocardiography. And measurement of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) for all patients,and pulmonary vascular resistant (PVR) to about one third of patients.ResultsMean RV MPI was (0.60±0.23), 63.3% of patients have abnormal RV MPI. RVDD was found in 80% of patients. Mean TAPSE was (18.68±4.48Abstractmm),35% of them have abnormal TAPSE. Mean RVS' was (11.7±4.3 cm/sec),30% of patients have abnormal S'. RV dilatation was found in 35% of patients. PASP was abnormal in 28.3% of patients and PVR in 27.3%.Right ventricular myocardial performance index was the most sensitive parameter, its sensitivity to detect RV dysfunction was 100% and specificity 52%. While TAPSE was less sensitive more specific than RV MPI, its sensitivity was 38% and specificity 84%. The least sensitive one was the S' , 29% sensitivity and 82% specificity.ConclusionRight ventricular function is affected in patients with LVSD .And RV diastolic function is affected more than the global RV function represented by MPI and RV systolic function represented by TAPSE and S'.

استخدام تقنيات صدى القلب للكشف عن امراض القلب لمرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي == ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Author name: سرى عدنان رحيم
Supervisor name: هلال بهجت شوقي الصفار
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Echocardiography
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر امراض القلب والاوعية الدموية من اهم الاسباب التي تؤدي الى تدهور الحالة الصحيه والوفيات للمرضى الذين يعانون من التهاب المفاصل الرثوي. لذلك، الكشف المبكر للمرض بالاعتماد على التقنيات الحديثه المستخدمه لتشخيص امراض القلب والاوعية الدموية لها دور كبير وفعال في اعطاء العلاج المبكر والذي بدوره يؤدي الى تفادي امراض القلب بشكل عام .اهداف البحث : يهدف هذا البحث الى اجراء فحص صدى القلب لمجموعه من المرضى الذين تم اختيارهم عشوائيا والذين يعانون من التهاب المفاصل الرثوي . الاساليب : اخترنا خمسون مريضا يعانون من التهاب المفاصل الرثوي وتم اجراء فحص صدى القلب لهم. حيث تم قياس سمك عضلة القلب، الابعاد الداخلية، قياس وظيفتي البطين الايسر الانبساطي والانقباضي، وظيفة البطين الايمن الانقباضي، حساب ضغط الشريان الرئوي الانقباضي والكشف عن وجود ارتجاع او تضيق الصمامات.النتائج : اظهرت نتائج فحص صدى القلب ان هناك نسبه 82% من مرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي يعانون من حالات مختلفة من امراض القلب والمتضمنه 24%من المرضى مصابون بتشوهات في الصمام التاجي.بالاضافه الى ذلك, اشارت النتائج الى وجود اعتلال في عضلة القلب الانبساطي بنسبة 18% وعدم كفاءة الصمام الثلاثي بنسبة 18%. اما بالنسبه للصمام الابهر فكانت نسبة التشوهات الحاصلة فيه 16% و6% من المرضى مصابون بتثخن في عضله البطين الايسر. الاستنتاج : اظهرت دراستنا ان الاصابة بامراض القلب يعد امر شائع في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي وخاصة تشوهات الصمامات ويليها اعتلال عضله القلب الانبساطي. | Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis patients. So, early disease detection with the use of noninvasive cardiac and vascular diagnostic technology.is important especially in the setting of therapeutic advances, resulting in longer life expectancy,Objective : To study the prevalence of echocardiographic findings in unselected population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods : We selected fifty RA patients the study group underwent echocardiographic examination using 2D, M Mode, Pulsed Doppler and Tissue Doppler imaging. Examination involved left ventricular septal and posterior wall thicknesses, internal dimensions, left atrial size, ejection fraction and E/A ratio measurements, also Tissue Doppler derived waves velocities e', a'. Right ventricular internal basal and mid diastolic dimensions, right atrial size, TAPSE, PASP. Assessment for any evidence of LV regional wall motion abnormalities, presence of valvular regurgitation and stenosis.Results : Two - dimensional echocardiography demonstrates that Cardiac abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis patients in this research equals to 82% that includes : 24% mitral valve abnormalities, Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation accounts for 18% for each abnormality, 16% Aortic valve abnormality and 6% of them showed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).Conclusion : Our study demonstrated that cardiac involvement, particularly of valvular heart diseases is the most common finding in RA patients followed by diastolic dysfunction.

اتجاه سرطان القولون والمستقيم في العراق من 2003 - 2011 == Trend of Colorectal Cancer in Iraq from 2002 - 2011

Author name: صفاء الدين عبد الرحمن الدهان
Supervisor name: فارس حسن اللامي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Applied Epidemiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Colorectal cancer is a very heterogeneous disease that is caused by interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women worldwide and affects men and women of all racial and ethnic groups and most often found in people aged 50 years or older.Objectives : Since there is no published data about its trend in Iraq. This study is to identify the pattern of Colorectal Cancer, to calculate the incidence; and to determine the demographical and geographical distribution of cancer in Iraq from 2002 - 2011.Methods : Descriptive cross - sectional study design, data were collected from Iraq Cancer Board and Directorate of planning and human resources /Ministry of Health Iraq from 2002 - 2011 and from Al Amal national hospital for cancer management in Baghdad include; basic demographic /clinical data, and data on histological types, site and grade, stage of tumor, Microsoft excel sheet and epi info software used for data entry and analysisResults : Total of 7246 cases of Colorectal Cancer were registered from the 2002 to 2011, The mean age was (53.9) years for males and females Male was more affected than female in all age groups and male to female ratio varied from 1.17 : 1 in 2002 to 1.28 : 1 in 2011.The peak age group affected was (40 - 59) year from 2002 - 2011 with the exception of 2006, 2010 and 2011 were the highest age group affected was 60 years &above.The Highest incidence rate was in Kirkuk, Najaf and Baghdad while the lowest incidence rate was in Salah Aden, Erbil and Wasit. The commonest site of cancer was Rectum, Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histological type of Colorectal Cancer (84 %), most was of moderate differentiation. 26% were localized and 16% with distant metastasis.Conclusions : IRAQ is considered a country with a low Colorectal Cancer incidence particularly for older individuals. However, Colorectal Cancer incidence has been steadily increasing in the country over the period from 2002 to 2011.

تحليل نتائج ناظور القصبات المرن لردهة الامراض الصدرية والتنفسية في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي لسنة 2015 == Analysis of bronchoscopic findings in respiratory unit at Baghdad teaching hospital in 2015

Author name: حيدر منذر عبود
Supervisor name: محمد وهيب سلمان العبيدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Fiber - Optic bronchoscopy is a safe and useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the management of the pulmonary diseases. Aim of study : To analysis the outcome of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in respiratory unit at Baghdad teaching hospital in 2015.Patients and Methods : A retrospective study was done to find out the demographic profiles, indications, bronchoscopic findings, diagnosis and complications of the patients who underwent bronchoscopic examination. 151 patients underwent bronchoscopies in the respiratory unit at Baghdad teaching hospital in one year (2015).Results : Amongst the 151 patients, commonest indication of bronchoscopy was radiological opacity found in 70.20% of patients, followed by diffuse pulmonary infiltrates 18.54% of patients. Most common clinical presentation of the patients was Cough (91%), followed by dyspnea (59%).Out of 151 patients, 93 patients (61.59%) were males, 58 patients were current smokers, 23 patients were non - smokers and 12 patients were former smokers.A 58 patients (38.41%) were females, 18 patients were current smokers, 35 patients were non - smokers and 5 patients were former smokers.The patient's age range from 17 to 77 years, the mean age of males were 58 ± 9 and for females were 54 ± 12.The most common finding on bronchoscopy was endobronchial growth found in about 22.52% of patients. Malignancy was seen in 55.6% cases, while Tuberculosis seen in 10.5%.Conclusion : Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is extremely useful in finding specific etiologies of various lung diseases

تقيين مدى فعالية قياس درجة الكالسيوم في تشخيص مرضى الشريان التاجي == The evaluation of calcium score validity in the diagnosis of patients with coronary artery disease

Author name: ابراهيم طارق ابراهيم
Supervisor name: انمار زكي صالح | عماد محمد حسين المشاط
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medical Physics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Coronary artery disease is one of important diseases as in many cases ends up with death. Among many types of coronary artery disease is the lipoprotein plaque deposition on the artery wall. Much research reports have been appeared in the literature concerning the causes, investigation, and treatment.Conventional angiography was very valuable procedure to investigate and assess the plaque in the walls of the coronary artery also the amount and position of occlusion.As the Computed Tomography scanners were developed a new noninvasive procedure was invented using the calcium present in the plaque as an indicator for the amount of plaques in the coronary artery. The procedure can also specify the position and the severity of the occlusion. The coronary artery assessment in the plaque is taken as calcium score which based on amount of calcium and plaque formation.In the present study we were aiming to investigate the validity of the calcium score in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, and also to find the relation between calcium score with calcification and plaque formation.Sixty one patients were evaluated 40 male and 21 female who had symptoms chest pain to determine the prevalence and risk factor correlation of coronary artery calcification deposits as a marker of atherosclerosis.As History of hypertension, age, represents the characteristics of study. And Anthropometric measurements, weight in (kg), height (m), and body mass index (kg/m2). The level of lipid profile for fasting serum of normal and abnormal lipids were analyzed in (mmol/L) cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipid, low density lipid, very low density lipid.Patients were advised to come fasting and before Computed Tomography Angiography examination.They have been given Beta blocker to reduce the heart rate to less than 60 beats/min. The patients were instructed to lie on the couch of CT scanner and stay relaxed. Contrast mediums were injected by means of injector in vein immediately before scanning.Results revel that not all patients show high calcium score in spite of chest pain on the other hand those patients with high calcium score they also have an increased plaque in their coronary artery .At low calcium score (0 - 100), Cholesterol, Triglyceride and High density lipoprotein are generally inversely proportional with calcium score with the exception of Low density lipoprotein remains virtually unchanged in the whole range of calcium score (0 > 300).While at high calcium score concentration > 300 these lipoproteins are directly proportional with calcium score in contrast with High density lipoprotein which is inversely proportional with calcium score.1 - Low or zero calcium score does not exclude definitely coronary artery disease in other word a person with low or zero may have a sever occlusion and needs further investigation.2 - The correlation between calcium score with High density lipoprotein, urea and creatinine is increased as the calcium score.3 - Its appears to be that the number of vessel involve calcium score different for different gender.

الكشف عن المعاملات السرطانية (مستضد السرطان 15 - 3 ومعامل السرطان 21 - 1) لدى النساء العراقيات المصابات بسرطان الثدي == Detection of Cytokeratin 19 fragment (TM 21 - 1) and CA 15 - 3 tumor markers in Iraqi women with breast cancer

Author name: سلام عادل رحيم
Supervisor name: زينا حسن عبد القهار | منور عبد الاله النقاش
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: سرطان الثدي مسؤول عن موت الاف النساء على نطاق العالم كل سنة. وهو واسع الانتشار في العالم والعراق حتى اصبح مشكلة حقيقية للصحة العامة. اسباب هذا المرض لا تزال تحت الدراسة. العوامل الجينية والهرمونية تشارك في تطور سرطان الثدي وانتشار هذا المرض. قد يلعب مستضد السرطان 15 - 3 ومعامل السرطان 21 - 1 دورا في الكشف عن سرطان الثدي.الهدف : 1 - لتقدير مستويات المصل من المعاملات السرطانية مستضد السرطان 15 - 3 ومعامل السرطان 21 - 1 في مجموعة من مرضى سرطان الثدي مقارنة مع مجموعة الضبط.2 - لربط المعاملات السرطانية مستضد السرطان 15 - 3 ومعامل السرطان 21 - 1 التي تم قياسها في المصل مع تقدم العمر، عدد الاطفال، مؤشر كتلة الجسم، درجة المرض، ومرحلة المرض لدى مرضى سرطان الثدي.3 - لتقييم الدور التشخيصي والتكهني لمعامل السرطان 21 - 1 ومستضد السرطان 15 - في الكشف عن حالات سرطان الثدي الغازية الموضعية والمنتشرة سريريا.الاشخاص وطريقة العمل : - اجريت هذه الدراسة خلال الفترة من كانون الثاني 2013 الى ايار 2013 حيث تم اختيار النساء بعد تشخيصهن في العيادة الاستشارية لمستشفى بغداد التعليمي في مدينة الطب/ استشارية الاورام. اجريت الفحوص المختبرية في المختبرات التعليمية في مدينة الطب. تضمنت هذه الدراسة (40) مريضة مصابات يعانين من سرطان الثدي الموضعي تتراوح اعمارهن بين (36 - 65) سنة و(20) مريضة يعانين من سرطان الثدي المنتشر و(30) امراة من مجموعة الضبط متماثلات مع مجموعة المريضات من ناحية العمر. تم قياس كل من (مستضد السرطان 15 - 3 ومعامل السرطان 21 - 1) بطريقة الالايزا كما تم قياس مؤشر كتلة الجسم لجميع النساء في هذه الدراسة. النتائج : - اظهرت النتائج ان مستويات مستضد السرطان 15 - 3 ومعامل السرطان 21 - 1 المقاسة في المصل لمريضات سرطان الثدي كانت اعلى بكثير من تلك المقاسة في المصل لمجموعة الضبط الاصحاء, ولكنها اظهرت كذلك بان هذه المستويات اعلى بكثير لدى المريضات المصابات بسرطان الثدي المنتشر مقارنة بالمريضات المصابات بسرطان الثدي الموضعي ومجموعة الضبط.الاستنتاجات : ترتفع مستويات مستضد السرطان 15 - 3 ومعامل السرطان 21 - 1 لدى النساء المصابات بسرطان الثدي المنتشر بصورة ملحوظة, من هذه النتائج يقترح استخدام مستضد السرطان 15 - 3 ومعامل السرطان 21 - 1 كعلامة يمكن التنبؤ من خلالها عن سرطان الثدي المنتشر | Breast cancer is responsible for the death of thousands of women worldwide every year. It is widespread in the world, in Iraq it has become a genuine problem for public health. The etiology of the disease is still under study. Genetic and hormonal factors are involved in the development of breast cancer and progression of the disease. Cancer Antigen (CA 15 - 3) and Tumor marker 21 - 1 (TM 21 - 1) have been involved in the detection of breast cancer. Objective : - 1 - To assess serum levels of TM 21 - 1 and CA15 - 3 tumor markers in a group of Breast cancer patients compared to controls.2 - To correlate the measured serum TM 21 - 1 and CA15 - 3 with age, parity, BMI, grade, and stage of disease in breast cancer patients.3 - To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of TM 21 - 1 and CA15 - 3 in clinical assessment of locally invasive and metastatic breast cancer cases.Subjects, Materials and Methods : - This study was performed during the period from January 2013 to May 2013. The subjects were selected from patients attending the Outpatient Clinic in Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City/ Oncology unit. The laboratory tests were done at Medical City /Teaching Laboratory. The Study included 40 female patients with localized breast cancer age ranged (36 - 65) years, 20 female patients with metastatic breast cancer age ranged (35 - 65) years and 30 apparently healthy females as controls matching their age with breast cancer patients. CA 15 - 3 and TM 21 - 1 were measured by ELISA. Body mass index (BMI) was measured for all subjects participated in the study. Results : - Serum CA 15 - 3 and TM 21 - 1 in breast cancer patients were significantly higher than healthy control group, and their levels were significantly higher in metastatic breast cancer patients when compared with localized breast cancer patients and control group

خزعة نخاع العظم مقارنة بالرنين المغناطيسي لنخاع العظم للورم السرطاني للعقد اللمفاوية في الفقرات القطنية == BONE MARROW BIOPSY VERSUS MRI IN LYMPHOMA OF LUMBAR SPINE

Author name: زينب ثامر عبد الحسن
Supervisor name: سلام محمد جوري | بسام فرنسيس متي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diagnostic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : اصابة نخاع العظم هو نتيجة متكررة الحدوث في الورم السرطاني للعقد اللمفاوية ولتحديد درجة هذا المرض خزعة نخاع العظم من القمة الخلفية للعظم الحرقفي تنجز عادة لتقييم درجة الاشارة الغير طبيعية لتصوير الرنين المغناطيسي لنخاع العظم وقد ثبتت ايضا لتكون مؤشر لاصابة نخاع العظم .الهدف من الدراسة : لتقييم قابلية الرنين المغناطيسي لتوثيق تاثر واصابة نخاع العظم لمرضى الورم السرطاني للعقد اللمفاوية.الطريقة : نموذج دراستنا يتضمن 80 مريض بالغ محال الى قسم الاشعة في مستشفى بغداد التعليم ,العراق. مابين اب 2012 واب 2013 اللذين انطبقت عليهم المواصفات المشمولة وشخصوا كمصابين بالورم السرطان للعقد اللمفاوية واثبت ذلك بالفحص النسيجي لخزعة العقد اللمفاوية، كلا من خزعة نخاع العظم والرنين المغناطيسي اجريت لهم . النتائج : 48 من الذكور (60%) و32 من الاناث (40%) قد فحصوا ونسبة الذكر للانثى 1 : 1,5. في 78% من هؤلاء المرضى، خزعة نخاع العظم والرنين المغناطيسي كانتا متفقتان تماما. في مريض واحد فشل الفحص النسيجي في اثبات اصابة نخاع العظم بالرغم من الاشارة الغير طبيعية للرنين المغناطيسي المخمنة لاصابة نخاع العظم. في خمسة مرضى، الرنين المغناطيسي كان طبيعيا كاملة بالرغم من ان الخزعة اثبتت اصابة نخاع العظم وان معدل السلبية الخاطئة (5\16) والايجابية الكاذبة (1\62) كانت قليلة جدا . الخاتمة : في الورم السرطاني للعقد اللمفاوية، الخزعة السالبة لنخاع العظم مع النتيجة الموجبة للرنين المغناطيسي يجب ان لا تستثني اصابة نخاع العظم وتحتاج الى تقييم اكثر بواسطة خزعة نخاع العظم من كلا الجانبين ولذلك نحن نستنتج انه الرنين المغناطيسي لنخاع العظم هو شكلية حساسة غير متداخلة وممكن ان يكون ذو قيمة قويةفي ايجاد اصابة نخاع العظم بالورم السرطاني للعقد اللمفاويةاللذي من الممكن ان يستعمل كمساعد مفيد للطريقة المثالية لقياس الدرجة.التوصيات : الرنين المغناطيسي لكل الجسم، يوصى به ليساعد في تقييم اصابة نخاع العظم بالورم السرطاني للعقد اللمفاوية | Background : Bone marrow involvement is a frequent finding in lymphoma. For the staging of lymphoma, a bone marrow biopsy of the posterior iliac crest is routinely performed. An abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals of bone marrow was also reported to be indicative of bone marrow involvement.Aim of the study : To assess the ability of MRI to document bone marrow infiltration and involvement in patient with lymphoma.patients and Methods : Our study sample consisted of 80 adult patients referred to the radiology department in Baghdad teaching hospital, Iraq, between August 2012 to August 2013 who met the inclusion criteria were diagnosed as lymphoma and proved by histological examination of LN biopsy, both bone marrow biopsy and MRI were done for them.Results : 48 male (60%) and 32 female (40%) were examined, with male : female ratio was (1.5 : 1). With mean age was(52.25 ± 7.3)years. 67 patients of them have NHL and the remaining 13 patients have HD. Among 62 patients with MRI positive findings, 39 patients (63%) showed diffuse infiltration and 23 patients (37%) showed multifocal infiltration. In 78 % of patients bone marrow biopsy and MRI agreed completely. Only in one patient, histological sections of bone marrow biopsy failed to show any evidence of bone marrow involvement despite abnormal MRI signals suggestive of bone marrow involvement by lymphoma infiltration. In five patients, MRI was completely normal despite biopsy proven bone marrow infiltration .False negativity (5/16) and false positivity (1/64 ) rates were very low .Conclusion : In lymphoma, a negative bone marrow biopsy finding with positive MRI results should not exclude bone marrow involvement and needs further evaluation with bilateral bone marrow biopsy. Thus, we conclude that MRI of bone marrow is a fairly sensitive, non invasive modality and might be of potential value in detecting bone marrow infiltration in malignant lymphoid neoplasms which can be utilized as a useful adjunct to standard staging procedures. Recommendation : Total body MRI is recommended to help the assessment of bone marrow infiltration by lymphoma also bilateral biopsy is recommended in suspected cases that patients with positive MRI finding had negative biopsy results

العلامات البيولوجية لسايتوم النواة الصغيرة الشدقي في عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بداء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية == Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Author name: احمد خالد محمد
Supervisor name: زياد شفيق الراوي | فائق ايشو كوريال
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: داء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية هو مرض مجموعي منيع للذات مع تداخل عوامل وراثية وبيئية في عملية امراض الداء. عدة دراسات اكدت وجود تضرر في الدنا عند مرضى داء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية.الهدف : لتقييم المورفولوجيا الخلوية والنووية لعينة من مرضى داء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية من خلال المقايسة العددية للنواة الصغيرة الشدقية ولتقييم اثر خصائص المرضى على التغيرات النووية ان وجدت.المرضى والطرائق : شملت الدراسة 58 مريضا عراقيا مصابا بداء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية و58 شخصا سويا كمجموعة ضبط متوافقة من حيث العمر والجنس.تم اخذ التاريخ المرضي الكامل واجراء الفحص السريري التام لكل افراد المجموعتين. ووثقت خصائص المرضى (العمر، والجنس، ومعيار كتلة الجسم، ومدة المرض، ومعامل مجموعة تقدير الذئبة للجزر البريطانية (بيلاج) لعام 2004، والتاريخ العائلي للامراض المنيعة للذات، والادوية المستعملة). تكون بروتوكول المقايسة العددية للنواة الصغيرة الشدقية من : جمع الخلايا من كلا الشدقين بواسطة ملوق خشبي وتحضير مباشر للشرائح مع تثبيت الخلايا بواسطة الكحول المطلق بواقع شريحتين لكل شخص. احتسبت 1000 خلية لكل شخص لتقدير تكرار النوى الصغيرة لديه. تم تلوين الخلايا بواسطة طريقة الفولغين - الثينوين المختصة بالدنا. تم التحري في الخلايا المفحوصة عن التشوهات النووية (النوى الصغيرة، والبراعم النووية، وازدواجية النواة، والخلايا القاعدية والمتخصصة، والكروماتين المكثف، والخلايا ممزقة النواة، والخلايا المتغلظة والخلايا حالة النواة).النتائج : اظهر مرضى الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية ارتفاعا واضحا في تكرار الخلايا ذات النوى الصغيرة (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، والبراعم النووية (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، وازدواج النواة (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، والخلايا القاعدية (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، والكروماتين المكثف (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، والخلايا ممزقة النواة (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001)، والخلايا المتغلظة (القيمة الاحتمالية=0.012)، والخلايا حالة النواة (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.0001) اكثر مما لدى مجموعة الضبط. لم يكن هناك تاثير معتد به للعمر او معياركتلة الجسم او مدة المرض او معامل مجموعة تقدير الذئبة للجزر البريطانية 2004 او الادوية المستعملة على عدد النوى الصغيرة ضمن مجموعات المرضى. كما اظهر البحث ان فحص المقايسة العددية للنواة الصغيرة الشدقية حساس ومعتد به في التحري عن داء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية (القيمة الاحتمالية اقل من 0.01).الاستنتاج : مرضى الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية لديهم ارتفاع ذو اعتداد عال في الوسمات الحيوية لضرر الدنا وعيوب الحرائك الخلوية والكوامن التكاثرية والموت الخلوي بالمقارنة مع مجموعة الضبط. لا يوجد تاثير لخصائص المرضى على التشوهات النووية. فحص المقايسة العددية للنواة الصغيرة الشدقية هو طريقة حساسة وغير باضعة وبسيطة جدا يمكن استعمالها في التحري عن داء الذئبة الحمامية المجموعية | Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with both genetic and environmental factors implicated in disease pathogenesis. Several studies have addressed the presence of deoxynuclic acid (DNA) damage in SLE patients.ObjectivesTo assess cellular and nuclear morphology in a sample of SLE patients by buccal micronucleus cytome assay and to evaluate effect of patients' disease characteristics on nuclear abnormalities if present.Patients and methodsFifty eight Iraqi SLE patients and 58 healthy controls matched in age and sex were included in this study. Full history was taken and complete physical examination was done for individuals in both groups. Patients' baseline characteristics [Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 2004 score, family history of autoimmune diseases, and medications used] were recorded. The buccal micronucleus cytome assay protocol consisted of : cell collection from both cheeks with a wooden spatula; direct slide preparation and fixation with absolute alcohol. Two slides were prepared for every subject and 1000 cells were evaluated per subject to determine the micronucleus (MN) frequencies. Slides were stained with the DNA - specific Feulgen - thionin method. Cells were screened for nuclear abnormalities : micronuclei, nuclear buds, binucleation, basal and differentiated cells, condensed chromatin, karyorrhectic cells, pyknotic cells, and karyolytic cells.ResultsPatients with SLE showed significantly higher frequencies of micronuclei (p<0.0001), nuclear buds (p<0.0001), binucleated cells (p<0.0001), basal cells (p<0.0001), cells with condensed chromatin (p<0.0001), karyorrhectic cells (p<0.0001), pyknotic (p<0.012) and karyolytic cells (p<0.0001) than the control group. Patient's age, BMI, SLE disease duration, BILAG2004 score, and drugs used had no significant effect on micronucleus groups (p>0.05). Buccal micronucleus cytome was significant and sensitive method for SLE screening (p<0.01).ConclusionsSLE patients had a highly significant increase in the biomarkers of DNA damage, cytokinetic defects, proliferative potential, and cell death compared to controls. No significant effect of patients' baseline characteristics on nuclear abnormality. Buccal micronucleus cytome was a sensitive, non - invasive, and very simple method that can be used for SLE screening.

تقييم وظيفة اليدين لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي == Assessment of Hand Function in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author name: محمد صاحب حسن
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي هو احد الامراض المنيعة للذات المجموعية المزمنة التي تؤثر على الغشاء الزليلي للمفاصل وكذلك الاجهزة والاعضاء الاخرى. يؤثر هذا المرض عادة على مفاصل اليدين والقدمين الصغيرة ويؤدي الى ضرر للمفاصل متعذر العكس مع التشوه والاعتلال الوظيفي.وظيفة اليدين تشكل ميدانا هاما من الحالة الصحية لمرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي واحد المحددات الرئيسة لنوعية حياتهم. لذلك فان تقييم وظيفة اليد هو جزء اساسي في متابعة مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي وقياس استجابتهم للعلاج.وقد وضعت العديد من المقاييس لتقييم وظيفة اليد. هذه المقاييس هي اما استبيانات تقرير ذاتي، او اختبارات قائمة على الاداء، او مزيج من الاثنين معا. لكل مقياس منها نقاط قوة ونقاط ضعف. احد المقاييس المقبولة على نطاق واسع، والمذكور في كتاب منهجي شائع، يشمل اختبارات سريرية بسيطة لتقييم وظيفة اليد : قبضة المفتاح، مسكة الكرة، مسكة القلم، قوة القرص، وقوة القبضة.الاهدافتهدف هذه الدراسة الى تحديد العوامل التي تؤثر على وظيفة اليدين في عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، وتقييم ترابط اختبارات وظيفة اليد السريرية مع بعضها البعض في نفس العينة.المرضى والطرائقتم اجراء دراسة مقطعية على 116 مريضا عراقيا مصابا بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، تم اختيار المرضى عشوائيا، جميعهم استوفوا معايير الكلية الامريكية لامراض المفاصل لتصنيف التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي لعام 1987 المعدلة، ومعايير الكلية الامريكية لامراض المفاصل / الرابطة لاوروبية ضد الروماتيزم لتصنيف التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي لعام 2010. تم استبعاد المرضى الذين يعانون من امراض وحالات اخرى التي قد تؤثر على وظيفة اليد.تم تقييم المرضى وجمع المعلومات التالية : العمر، سيادة اليد، محيط الساعدين، مدة المرض، مدة التيبس الصباحي، العلاج الحالي، تشوهات اليدين، درجة فعالية المرض (DAS28)، العامل الروماتويدي (RF)، ومرحلة ستاينبروكر (Steinbrocker) لتقدم المرض اعتمادا على التصوير الشعاعي. تم احتساب درجة تشوه اليدين لجمع كل تشوهات اليدين في قيمة واحدة.تم تقييم وظيفة اليدين من خلال ثلاثة اختبارات شخصانية (قبضة المفتاح، مسكة القلم ومسكة الكرة) واختبارين موضوعيين (قوة القرص وقوة القبضة، مقاستان باجهزة قياس متخصصة).اجري التحليل الاحصائي باستخدام برامج الكمبيوتر المتخصصة.النتائجاظهرت الدراسة ان لاختبارات وضائف اليد الموضوعية (معدل قوة القبضة ومعدل قوة القرص) ترابطا عكسيا معتدا معتدل القوة مع درجة تشوه اليدين (r= - 0.459 , p<0.001 او افضل) ودرجة فعالية المرض (DAS28) (, p<0.001 r= - 0.572او افضل) ، وترابطا عكسيا معتدا ضعيفا مع مدة المرض (, p<0.001 r= - 0.248او افضل) ومدة التيبس الصباحي (, p<0.001 r= - 0.312او افضل) ومرحلة ستاينبروكر لتقدم المرض شعاعيا (p<0.001 r= - 0.36 ,او افضل)، وترابطا طرديا معتدا ضعيفا مع محيط الساعدين (p<0.001 r= - 0.312 ,او افضل).كما اظهرت الدراسة ان اختبارات وضائف اليد الموضوعية تتحسن كلما طالت فترة تعاطي العقار البيولوجي اتانرسبت (Etanercept) في المرضى الذين يستخدمون هذا العلاج، الا ان هذا الترابط لم يكن معتدا به احصائيا عند احتساب جميع المرضى في عينة الدراسة.واظهرت الدراسة ان لمتوسط رتبة الاعاقة في اختبارات وضائف اليد الشخصانية ترابطا طرديا معتدا ضعيفا مع درجة تشوه اليدين (p=0.002 او اقل،r=0.283 او اكثر)، ودرجة فعالية المرض (DAS28) (p=0.013 او اقل،r=0.296 او اكثر)، ومدة التيبس الصباحي (p=0.015 او اقل،r=0.226 او اكثر)، ومدة العلاج بعقار الاتانرسبت (Etanercept) (p=0.046 او اقل،r=0.186 او اكثر).لم يكن لاختبارات وضائف اليد الشخصانية ترابط معتد به مع عمر المريض، مدة المرض، ومرحلة ستاينبروكر لتقدم المرض شعاعيا. كما لم يكن هناك فرق معتد به في اختبارات وضائف اليد الموضوعية والشخصانية بين اليد السائدة وغير السائدة، وبين المرضى ذوي نتيجة ايجابية للعامل الروماتويدي وذوي النتيجة السلبية.و اظهر البحث ان لجميع اختبارات وضائف اليد ترابطا معتدا به مع بعضها البعض (p<0.001 ،r=0.334 او افضل) وخصوصا ترابط قوة القبضة مع قوة القرص اذ كان الاقوى (p<0.001 ، r=0.788 ). | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the synovium of joints as well as other organs. It commonly affects the small joints of the hands and feet, and results in irreversible joint damage, deformity, and functional impairment. Hand function is an important domain of the health status of RA patients and a key determinant of their quality of life. Assessment of hand function, therefore, is an essential part in the follow - up of RA patients and in gauging their response to treatment.Numerous measures were developed to evaluate the hand function. These measures are either self - report questionnaires, performance - based tests, or combinations of both. Each measure has its own strengths and weaknesses. One widely accepted measure, suggested by a popular textbook, includes simple clinical tests to assess hand function : Key grip, ball grasp, pen grasp, pinch grip and grip strength.ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the factors affecting the hand function in a sample of Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to evaluate the correlation between the clinical tests of hand function in the same sample.Patients and methodsA cross - sectional study was conducted on 116 randomly selected Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis fulfilling the 1987 Revised ACR Criteria for Classification of Rheumatoid Arthritis and the 2010 ACR / EULAR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. Patients with other conditions that can affect the hand function were excluded.Patients were evaluated for age, hand dominance, forearm circumference, duration of illness, duration of morning stiffness, current treatment, fixed hand deformities, DAS28, RF seropositivity and Steinbrocker’s radiographic progression stage. A novel score was used to combine all hand deformities into one value.Hand function was assessed by three subjective tests (key grip, pen grasp and ball grasp) and two objective tests (pinch strength and grip strength, measured by specialized dynamometers).Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20 and Excel 2013 computer software.ResultsObjective hand function tests (mean grip strength and mean pinch strength) had a significant moderate negative correlation with the score of hand deformities (p<0.001, r= - 0.459 or better) and DAS28 (p<0.001, r= - 0.572 or better), and a significant weak negative correlation with disease duration (p<0.001, r= - 0.248 or better), duration of morning stiffness (p<0.001, r= - 0.312 or better) and Steinbrocker’s radiographic progression stage (p<0.001, r= - 0.36 or better), and a significant weak positive correlation with forearm circumference (p<0.001, r=0.344 or better).Objective hand function parameters seemed to improve with the duration of Etanercept therapy among patients using Etanercept, although this correlation was not statistically significant for the whole study sample.The mean ranks of impairment of subjective hand function tests showed a significant weak positive correlation with the score of hand deformities (p=0.002 or less, r=0.283 or more), DAS28 (p=0.013 or less, r=0.296 or more), duration of morning stiffness (p=0.015 or less, r=0.226 or more) and duration of Etanercept therapy (p=0.046 or less, r=0.186 or more). The mean ranks of impairment of subjective hand function tests showed mostly no significant correlation with age, disease duration and Steinbrocker’s radiographic progression stage. There was no significant difference in both objective and subjective hand function parameters between the dominant and non - dominant hand and between RF positive and RF negative patients.All five hand function tests showed a significant correlation with each other (p<0.001, r= - 0.334 or better) with the strongest correlation being between pinch strength and grip strength (p<0.001, r=0.788).

علاقة مستوى فيتامين د وهورمون النحافه مع مرض فصال الركبه الاولي في مجموعه من النساء العراقيات == ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN )D( AND SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN A SAMPLE OF IRAQI FEMALES

Author name: زهراء عبد الله
Supervisor name: سامي سلمان شهاب
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a biomechanical process whereby joints respond pathologically mechanical stress, resulting in cartilage degradation and changes in subchondral bone. It has many risk factors as known female gender, obesity, and aging. Vitamin D may exert its effect on OA through bone; its deficiency could impair the ability of bone to respond optimally to insults. Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted by adipocytes and plays an important role in regulation of body weight, its level more in obese subjects and female gender regardless of obesity, so it may play a metabolic link between obesity and osteoarthritis. So both vitamin deficiency and increase leptin level may be risk factors for osteoarthritis Objective : To examine the cross - sectional association of vitamin D and serum leptin levels in a sample of Iraqi female with knee osteoarthritis.Method : A total of 180 women divided into 2 groups 90 subjects the first group for vitamin D levels and 90 subjects the second group for serum leptin levels and each group further classified into patients and equal number of their matched healthy controls in age and sex.In each group osteoarthritis was diagnosed according to ACR criteria for osteoarthritis and their body mass index (BMI) classified according to WHO classification of BMI into 3 groups : normal weight, overweight, obese Radiological grading done according to kellegren and Laurence radiological classification for osteoarthritis. Both vitamin D and leptin levels were assessed using ELIZA method.The first group (vitamin D and osteoarthritis) mean vitamin D levels in cases (45cases) were (0.309_+0.641) compared to (0.2614_+0.386) in controls. So vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among cases and controls and its level was inversely associated with body mass index, the deficiency was more severe among female in obese and overweight than normal weight.Associations of vitamin D levels with radiological grading, cases with grade ||| and |\/ are more deficiency than grade ||.The second group (serum leptin level and osteoarthritis), leptin was significantly higher in cases compared to controls, the mean serum leptin was (52.41_+28.26) and (40.39_+ 25.67) respectively. Its level directly correlated with body mass index, higher levels in obese and overweight than normal weight subjects, the difference was significant among both cases and controls.Association of leptin levels with radiological grading, the mean serum leptin was higher in cases with grade ||| , |\/ than grade ||.Conclusion : Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent among middle age Iraqi women, so it is difficult to establish a clear association between vitamin D deficiency and osteoarthritis in this study, and the deficiency was more in women with higher body mass index.Serum leptin level was higher in osteoarthritis women than their matched controls, and its level directly associated with increased in body mass index

تقييم كثافة العظام لدى مرضى المصابين بالانسداد الرئوي المزمن

Author name: سجا محمد كاظم
Supervisor name: محمد وهيب سلمان العبيدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

نوعية الحياة لمرضى الفشل الكلوي المرحلة النهائية الذين يخضعون لغسل الكلى، بغداد، العراق 2017 == Quality of Life of End Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis, Baghdad, Iraq, 2017

Author name: هند وليد خضر
Supervisor name: عدنان عبد العظيم | فارس حسن اللامي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : The quality of life is an important predictor of outcome in end stage renal disease patients. The quality of life needs to be regularly assessed. Our study describes quality of life, as well as demographic and clinical variables associated with quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients in Baghdad, Iraq, 2017.Method : This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted from March to May, 2017 at dialysis unit in Baghdad and Al - Karama teaching hospitals. The study participants were all patients available during data collecting period included. The participants were directly interviewed according to a special questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study; it contains items exploring socio - demographic data, clinical data. Data regarding assessment of effect of kidney disease on quality of life were collected by kidney disease quality of life - short form 1.3 versions .The maximum score of the total quality of life was 100 points. The score had been categorized as excellent > 80 score, good (61 - 80) score, moderate (40 - 60) score, and the poor score (< 40).Results The total number of participants was 248 patients. The mean of quality of life was 47.63±16.22. The total score was excellent in12 participants (4.8%), good in 47 (19%), moderate in 99 (39.9%), and poor in 90 participants (36.3%). The highest mean of quality of life domains was found for social support subscale, the low scores was reported for work status, role limitation due to physical problem, role limitation due to emotional problem, general health, and sexual function.Conclusions : The study had shown that the quality of life of hemodialysis patients was highly impaired and it clearly defines how the disease state adversely affects the physical and mental status of the patient. Regular and systematic monitoring for dialysis patients’quality of life must be considered as an effective tool of quality control in dialysis care

اضطرابات الغدة الدرقية في مرضى الذئبة الحمامي المجموعي

Author name: هند عدنان محمد
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Thyroid hormone abnormalities had been shown to be more frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), hence, performance of thyroid function tests in patients with SLE, as a part of the biochemical and immunological profiles, may help in early detection of associated thyroid disorders.Aim of the Study : To assess the thyroid hormone abnormalities in a group of systemic lupus erythematosus Iraqi patients.Patients and Methods : A case - control study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching hospital, Department of Rheumatology during the period from September 2016 to July 2017. Including 58 SLE patients and 60 controls who met the inclusion criteria. After ethical approval, data were collected using a preconstructed data collection sheet, questionnaire included demographic and clinical data of the patients and controls. Thyroid function tests, complete blood count, ESR, anti - double - strand DNA and complement C3 and C4 test were performed. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v.24.Results : The mean age of the studied groups was 28.26 ± 7.1 years and 29.18 ± 6.3 years in SLE and control groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences between both groups had been found in age, BMI, or other demographic variables (P>0.05). Abnormal thyroid function was significantly more frequent in SLE patients (25.9%) than controls (5%), (P< 0.05). Primary hypothyroidism and Subclinical hypothyroidism were the more frequent disorder in SLE patients; 6/15 nd 5/15, respectively, each of subclinical hyperthyroidism and primary hyperthyroidism was reported in 2/15 SLE patients. Prednisolone and Hydroxychloroquine were the more frequently used medications among the SLE patients and were insignificantly associated with abnormal thyroid function in SLE patients, (P>0.05). High ESR was reported,, Leucopenia , high Anti dsDNA , low C3 and low C4 and Lymphopenia were reported in SLE patients. While all of SLE patients were ANA +ve and none of them had thrombocytopenia.Conclusions : Thyroid dysfunction was more frequent in SLE Iraqi patients compared to healthy population and the primary hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were the more frequent types.

الكشف عن العلامات السطحية باستخدام تقنية التدفق الخلوي عند المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالداء الزلاقي == DETECTION OF SURFACE MARKERS BY FLOW CYTOMETRY IN IRAQI PATIENTS WITH COELIAC DISEASE

Author name: كرار علي محمد حسن الساكني
Supervisor name: هيفاء سلمان الحديثي | باسم احمد عسكر
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الداء الزلاقي هو مرض مزمن، يحدد مناعيا من شكل الاعتلال المعوي الذي يؤثر في الامعاء الدقيقة عند الاطفال والبالغين ذوالميول الوراثي . وتظهر بشكل سريع عند ابتلاع الاطعمة التي تحتوي على الغلوتين. ويشار ايضا الى انه ذرب الاضطرابات الهضمية والحساسية من الغلوتين في الامعاء او غير ذرب الاستوائية. يمكن تعريف الغلوتين بانه كتلة البروتين المطاط الذي يبقى عندما يتم غسل عجين القمح لازالة النشا. مكونات البروتين الرئيسية في الغلوتين (غليادين وغلوتينين) وهي بروتينات التخزين في الحنطة. استجابة الخلايا المناعية للغليادين تشمل زيادة التعبير من المستقبلات السطحية. بعض من هذه المستقبلات تشمل HLA - DR ، جزيء التصاق ما بين الخلايا ، CD3 ( في خلايا Tالناضجة ) ، CD25 وCD69 ( في خلايا T المنشطة والخلايا القاتلة الطبيعية ) .هدف هذه الدراسة هو التحقيق في القيمة السريرية لستخدام علامات CD في تشخيص الداء الزلاقي . اشتملت هذه الدراسة على 40 مريضا (21 من الذكور و19 من الاناث) مصابين بالداء الزلاقي حضروا مستشفى الجهاز الهضمي والكبد التعليمي في مدينة الطب ، وخلال الفترة ما بين فبراير 2013 الى حزيران 2013. كذلك تالفت مجموعة السيطرة من 40 شخصا اصحاء الذين لم يشكو من اي مشكلة في الجهاز الهضمي. وتم اخذ عينات من الدم الوريدي لكل شخص ( الدماء الجديدة لاجراء اختبار الكشف عن العلامات السطحية باستخدام تقنية التدفق الخلوي والامصال لاجراء اختبار tTG الاضداد الذاتية باستخدام تقنية الاليزا ) . هذه الدراسة بينت ان اعمار المرضى المصابين بالداء الزلاقي في هذه الدراسة قد تراوحت ما بين سنتين الى ستة وخمسين سنة وبمتوسط عمر (15.6 ± 13.1) سنة. انخفاض مستوى الدم من خلاياT اللمفاوية الموجبة لعلامة CD3 بشكل ملحوظ في الحالات ( المرض الزلاقي ) التي تراوحت بين (7.6 - 62.3) بمتوسط (36.8 ± 16.7) مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة التي تراوحت بين (4.4 - 62.1) بمتوسط (41.9 ± 16.9). في حين ان مستوى الدم من خلايا T اللمفاوية الموجبة لعلامة CD6بزيادة كبيرة في مجموعة الحالات التي تراوحت بين(1.8 - 25.6) بمتوسط (10.5 ± 5.1) بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة التي تراوحت بين(1 - 9.4) بمتوسط (3.6 ± 2.2) . كما اثبتت الدراسة الحالية ان هناك فروقات ذات دلالة احصائية في مستويات المصل الذي يحتوي اضداد ذاتية tTG - A (p < 0.001) والمصل الذي يحتوي اضداد ذاتية tTG - G (p < 0.007) بين الحالات والسيطرة. اخيرا استنتجنا ان علامة CD69 هي اداة دقيقة لتشخيص اولي للداء الزلاقي . كذلك هناك ارتباط كبيربين كل من المصل الذي يحتوي اضداد ذاتية tTG - A والمصل الذي يحتوي اضداد ذاتية tTG - G مع خلايا Tاللمفاوية الموجبة لعلامة CD69 في المرضى الذين يعانون من الداء الزلاقي | Coeliac disease is a chronic, immunologically determined form of enteropathy affecting the small intestine in genetically predisposed children and adults. It is precipitated by the ingestion of gluten - containing foods. It is also referred to as coeliac sprue, gluten - sensitive enteropathy, or non tropical sprue. Gluten can be defined as the rubbery protein mass that remains when wheat dough is washed to remove starch. The major protein components of gluten—gliadin and glutenin—are storage proteins in wheat. The response of immune cells to gliadins includes the increased expression of surface receptors. Some of these receptors include HLA - DR, intercellular adhesion molecule, CD3 (in mature T - cells), CD25 and CD69 (in activated T - cells and natural killer cells). This study conducted to investigate the clinical value of using CD markers in diagnosis of coeliac disease. A total of 40 patients (21 males & 19 females) with coeliac disease attending the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital in the Baghdad Medical City, during the period between February 2013 - June 2013.The control group consisted of 40 apparently healthy individuals who were not complaining of any gastro - intestinal problem. Venous blood samples were taken from each subject (fresh blood tested for detection of surface markers by flow cytometry and sera tested for Anti - tissue transglutaminase auto - antibodies by Enzyme Link Immune Sorbent Assay).This study shows that the age of coeliac disease patients in this study was ranged between (2 - 56) years with the mean age of (15.6 ± 13.1) years. Blood level of CD3 positive T - lymphocytes was not significantly decreased in cases group that ranged between (7.6 - 62.3) with mean (36.8 ± 16.7) when compared with controls group that ranged between (4.4 - 62.1) with mean (41.9 ± 16.9), While the blood level of CD69 positive T - lymphocytes was significantly increased in cases group that ranged between (1.8 - 25.6) with mean (10.5 ± 5.1) when compared with controls group that ranged between (1 - 9.4) with mean (3.6 ± 2.2). Also the current study has been demonstrated that there were a statistical significant difference in the serum levels of tissue transglutaminase - A auto - antibodies (p < 0.001) and tissue transglutaminase - G auto - antibodies (p < 0.007) between cases and controls. Finally this study concluded that CD69 marker is an accurate tool for the diagnosis of coeliac disease. There were significant correlations between each of Serum tTG - A auto - antibodies and Serum tTG - G auto - antibodies with CD69 positive T - lymphocytes in coeliac disease patients.

تقييم مؤشرات النمو لدى الاطفال المصابين بداء السكري من النوع الاول المراجعين لمستشفى حماية الاطفال التعليم / مدينة الطب بغداد / العراق 2017 == Evaluation of growth parametersamong children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus attending Diabetic clinic at Children Welfare Teaching Hospital / Medical City Baghdad - Iraq, 2017

Author name: زينة ستار هادي
Supervisor name: ايمان عدنان القصير
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lack of insulin production, it is the most common type of diabetes in childhood. T1DM was listed among the causes of growth retardation in children. Glycemic control is an important factor in growth of children with T1DM.Objectives : To assess growth parameters (height, weight and body mass index [BMI] )in children with T1DM, and to study the impact of age at diagnosis, duration of disease, and glycemic control on growth indices.Patients and methods : A cross sectional study was conducted at diabetic clinic in Children Welfare Teaching hospital - Medical City - Baghdad, for the period from the 1st of February to the end of May 2017. A total of 100 children with T1DM between (2 - 14) years of both gender was included in the study, the information were obtained directly during interview including : relevant demographic data, disease information (age at diagnosis, duration of disease and type of presentation). Also each patient had two measurements for weight in kilogram and height in centimeter first one was measured by researcher at the time of interview and the second one obtained from their case file around the time of diagnosis.Results : A total of 100 children with T1DM included in this study showed that male to female ratio were equal. Peak age of children at diagnosis was less than 5 years. Most of patients presented with classical signs and symptom (64%). Of the total diabetic children in this study, (5%), (2%), and (5%) were stunted, wasted and underweight, respectively. Duration of T1DM was a significant determinant of growth indices (height and weight). Conclusions and Recommendations : Retarded growth indices (height and weight) were the highest growth problems among diabetic children. Duration of diabetes was an important determinant of growth parameters. We recommend for paying attention to anthropometric measurements in management of T1DM and participation of PHCC in the management plan.

الحالة السريرية والمرضية النسيجية لمرضى سرطان الرئة في العراق وقت عرض الحالة == Clinical And Pathological Profile Of Iraqi Lung Cancer Patients At Time Of Presentation (An Observation Study)

Author name: هالة ساطع طه
Supervisor name: منور عبد الاله النقاش
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Therapeutic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية العلمية : في جميع انحاء العالم يمثل سرطان الرئة 13% (1.6 مليون) من مجموع حالات السرطان و18% (1.4 مليون) من الوفيات الناجمة عن السرطان على اساس تقديرات عام 2008 وسرطان الرئة في العراق سبب شائع في للوفاة في كلا الجنسين اهداف الدراسة : التقييم السريري والتصويري للحالة المرضية وايجاد علاقة بين الانواع الفرعية النسيجية المرضية وغيرها من معلومات المريض .طريقة البحث : تعتبر هذه الدراسة من نوع دراسة المراقبة (دراسة مقطعية) تتكون من 60 مريض يعانون من مرض سرطان الرئة متوسطة اعمارهم 60 عام 38 ذكور و22 اناث (نسبة الذكور الى الاناث 1.7 : 1) تم جمع حالات المرضى من العيادة الاستشارية في مستشفى الاورام التعليمي في مدينة الطب من شهر كانون الثاني الى شهر نيسان 2016 تم تقييم جميع الحالات واجراء الفحص السريري والتشخيصي والنسيجي.النتيجة . تم دراسة (60) مريضا اثبتت اصابتهم بسرطان الرئة سن الحد الادنى للمرضى هو 32 سنة والحد الاقصى 81 سنة بمتوسط عمر 60 عام 38 من الذكور و22 اناث معظم المرضى لديهم صعوبة التنفس في وقت العرض (21%)، ونفث الدم (20%). تليها السعال (16 %). اما المكان التشريحي الاكثر اصابة بسرطان الرئة الفص العلوي الايمن 14 (23%). ثم الفص العلوي الايسر 9 (15%). يعد الغسل القصبي اختبار الخلايا 22 (36%) اكثر وسيلة مستخدمة لتشخيص المرض يليها فحص الخلايا المسحوبة بواسطة الابرة الناعمة 9 (15 %)، طموح السائل الجنبي 8(13.3%) الخزعة الاستئصالية 7 (11.7%)، الخزعة الجراحية 5 (8.3%)، علم خلايا البلغم 4(6.7%)، الخزعة الماخوذة بمساعدة الجهازالطبقي المقطعي 2 (3.3%) النتيجة التشريحيةالمرضية الرئيسية هي سرطان الخلية الحرشفية (41.7%) ثم الغدية (36.7%) بعدها سرطان الرئة صغير الخلية ، ورم الظهارة المتوسطة (8.3%) اخيرا يمثل سرطان الخلايا القشرية هو الشائع في الذكور 20(52.6%) ولكنه في الاناث 5 (22.7%) ومع ذلك السرطانات الغدية هي الاكثر شيوعا في الاناث 12 (54.5%) من الذكور 10 (26.3%) هنالك علاقة طردية بين نسبة حدوث سرطان الرئة من نوع الخلايا الصغيرة مع التدخين حيث ان جميع المرضى هم مدخنين بينما في الخلايا الحرشفية فان (47.8%) هم مدخنين (P=0.003) اغلب المرضى لديهم ورم خبيث منتشر وقت تشخيص الحالة (56%) و(33.3%) لديهم استسقاء رئويالاستنتاجات : 1 - اكثر عارض مرضي يعاني منه مرضى السرطان في العراق هو ضيق التنفس ثم النفث الدموي.2 - الفص العلوي الايمن هو الاكثر اصابة بالمرض 3 - الغسل القصبي وفحص الخلايا هو اكثر طرق التشخيص شيوعا 4 - سرطان الخلايا الحرشفية هو النوع النسيجي المرضي السائد في الذكور بينما سرطان الرئة من نوع الغدي هو السائد في الاناث 5 - هناك علاقة ذات دلالة احصائية بين سرطان الخلايا الحرشفية والتدخين (P=0.003) واغلب المرضى يعانو من مراحل متقدمة في وقت عرض الحالة | Background; Carcinoma of the lung is currently the leading cause world wide of death . The disease has become an epidemic as incidence rates and lung cancer deaths have risen dramatically over the last century, Throughout the world, lung cancer accounts for 13% (1.6 million) of the total cases of cancer and 18% (1.4 million) of the cancer - related deaths based on 2008 estimates. Among males, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death. Among females worldwide, it is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death.Aim of study : 1 - Identify the most common stages of lung cancer at time of presentation2 - Estimate the anatomical distribution of lung cancer according to histopathological subtypes3 - Find the acorrelation between histopathological subtypesAnd other parameters of patient profilePatients &Methods : Methods;An observation study ( A cross sectional study) of 60 patients with lung cancer with mean age of 60 years old.38 male;22 female (male : female 1.7 : 1). cases were collected from consultant clinic at the Oncology Teaching Center in Medical City. The data were collected from 1st January to 30th of April/2016. All patients were evaluated from history ,physical examination ,sent for investigations &review of histopathology samples.Results : A total of 60 lung cancer patients were studied,mean age of patients 60 yrs old , male : female ratio 1.7 : 1 ,most patients are smoker, Sequamous cell carcinoma is commonest type (41.9% ) of all patients, and its male predominant (33.3%) .Most patient diagnosed by bronchial wash and cytology (36%) ,Right upper zone is commonest site of malignancy (23.3%) ,most patients presented in advance stage and metastasis (56%).Conclusions*Lung cancer is commonest cause of cancer related death.*Proper stage of disease is recommended as mediastinscopy found 15% of occult lymph node metastasis in radiologically normal nodes.*Most patients have metastasis at time of presentation so we can use new radiological modalitiy to diagnosed occult metastasis.*use molecular biology to proper diagnose the histopathologiac subtypes and identify the response to treatment and give a prognosis idea*Active surveillance of primary small lung lesion

دراسة جزيئية للطفرتين NPM1 - A وFLT3 - ITD مع التعبير النسخي للمورث الجزيئي FLT3 في نموذج من المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بابيضاض الدم النقياني الحاد وعلاقتهما مع المؤشرات السريرية والمختبرية == Molecular Study of NPM1 - A, FLT3 - ITD Mutations and FLT3 Transcript Expression in a Sample of Iraqi Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients : Their Correlations with Clinicopathological Parameters

Author name: شيماء محمد عبد اللطيف
Supervisor name: ختام رزاق كاظم الخفاجي | علي محمد جواد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Blood
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia is a hematological malignancy of myeloid progenitor cells characterized by anomalous proliferation, inhibition of differentiation and extension of leukemic cells blocked at the early stage of hematopoiesis. It has a great variability in the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment outcomes. Detection of molecular markers has become a smart tool to further division of patients in acute myeloid leukemia subgroups.Nucleophosmin1 mutations are found in approximately 30% of adult acute myeloid leukemia patients and are associated with a good outcome when detected in absence of duplications in the Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 gene. Over 50 molecular Nucleophosmin1 mutation variants have been recognized; the most common one is Nucleophosmin1 - A mutation.The Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor is expressed on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells and plays a vital role in normal hematopoiesis. Numerous studies have revealed that high levels of Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 were expressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 - Internal tandem duplication mutations are found in around 20 - 25% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and are associated with increased transcript level of Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 and with a poor scenario in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients.Aim of the Study1. Detect the frequency of Nucleophosmin1 - A; Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 - Internal tandem duplication along with assessment of Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 transcript expression in a sample of newly diagnosed Iraqi adult acute myeloid leukemia patients.2. Study the relationship of Nucleophosmin1 - A, Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 - Internal tandem duplication mutations and Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3VItranscript expression with various clinicopathological parameters and French - American - British subtypes of the disease as well as the correlation among the three markers.Materials and MethodsThis is a cross - sectional study, conducted during the period extending between April 2015 and September 2016. The bone marrow aspirate samples of 53 adult acute myeloid leukemia patients were collected at the time of diagnosis and prior to treatment at the Hematology Ward of Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Medical City compared with 53 control individuals. All the control bone marrows obtained from patients with anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and were negative for infiltrative lesions. The related clinical and laboratory data for each patient were registered at the time of diagnosis.The study was conducted at Main Laboratory of Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medical City, Clinical and Communicable Diseases Research Center/College of Medicine/ University of Baghdad and Postgraduate Laboratory of Pathology and FoThe RNA was extracted and was reverse transcribed into cDNA. Real time polymerase chain reaction technique was applied on bone marrow aspirate samples of acute myeloid leukemia and control groups to detect the frequency of Nucleophosmin1 - A mutation, Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 expression using a TaqMan probe and SYBR green assays respectively and detection of Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 - Internal tandem duplication mutation using gel electrophoresis post polymerase chain reaction procedure

تقييم مصل الابلين في المرضى الذين يعانون من المتلازمة التاجية الحادة == Evaluation of Serum Apelin in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author name: بشار جواد حسين
Supervisor name: زينا حسن عبد القهار
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يشير مصطلح المتلازمة التاجية الحادة الى اية مجموعة من الاعراض السريرية المتوافقة مع اقفار عضل القلب الحاد والتي تتضمن الذبحة اللامستقرة واحتشاء عضلة القلب غير المرتبط بمقطع ST ((NSTEMI وكذلك احتشاء عضلة القلب الناجم عن ارتفاع مقطع ST (STEMI).بالاضافة الى تقييم النتائج السريرية ونتائج مخطط كهربائية القلب, فقد تم تقييم العديد من الواصمات الكيميائية الحيوية لدى المرضى الذين يعانون من الام الصدر من اجل تشخيص اقفار عضل القلب; فيما لايزال باقي الواصمات تحت البحث.ان الابلين (apelin) هو احد الببتيدات المستحدثة داخلية المنشا التي تمتاز بخصائص تؤثر في التقلص العضلي وفي توسيع الاوعية. ظهر من خلال الفحص الكيميائي الهستولوجي المناعي بان الابلين يصنع في خلايا العضلات الملساء وفي خلايا الارومة الليفية (الفايبروبلاست) للشرايين التاجية. وعلى نحو مماثل, وجد مؤخرا بان مستوى الابلين في مصل الدم كان مماثلا لمستواه في الفحص الكيميائي النسيجي داخل الاوعية الدموية وانسجة القلب.الاهداف : لتقييم مستويات مصل الابلين فيما يتعلق بالانواع الفرعيه من المتلازمة التاجية الحادة.المرضى والمواد وطرائق العمل : اجريت هذه الدراسة خلال الفترة من شهر ايلول 2014 الى شهر اذار 2015. اشتملت الدراسة على 59 مريضا يعانون من المتلازمة التاجية الحادة وكالتالي (30 منهم يعانون من الذبحة اللامستقرة و15 من احتشاء عضلة القلب غير المرتبط بمقطع ST ((NSTEMI اضافة الى 14 ممن يعانون من احتشاء عضلة القلب الناجم عن ارتفاع مقطع ST (STEMI). اشتملت الدراسة ايضا على (28) شخصا سليما ظاهريا حيث تم استخدامهم كمجموعة ضابطة. تم الحصول على عينات الدم لقياس كل من (الابلين والتروبونين وانزيم كرياتنين كاينيز CK - MB وكذلك صورة الشحوم) لكافة الاشخاص المشتركين في البحث.النـتائـــجاظهرت نتائج قياس الابلين في مصل الدم انخفاضا احصائيا لدى كافة مرضى المتلازمة التاجية الحادة (1846,1±320,9 ng/ml) بالمقارنة مع المجموعة الضابطة (2719,4±272,5) (p<0.05). فيما يتعلق بالمجاميع الثانوية من المرضى, كان مستوى الابلين في المصل الاقل لدى مرضى احتشاء عضلة القلب غير المرتبط بمقطع ST ((NSTEMI (1729±480) و(1816±289) لدى مرضى احتشاء عضلة القلب الناجم عن ارتفاع مقطع ST (STEMI) و(1916±224,4) لدى مرضى الذبحة اللا مستقرة عند مقارنتهم مع المجموعة الضابطة.كان مستويات الكوليستيرول والبروتين الشحمي خفيض الكثافة LDL لدى المرضى اكثر من مجموعة الضبط ولكنها لم تكن فروقات معنوية. بينما وجدت فروقات ذات دلالة معنوية في نتائج كل من ثلاثي الغليسريد والبروتين الشحمي عالي الكثافة HDL والبروتينات الشحمية وضيعة الكثافة VLDL بين المرضى والمجموعة الضابطة على التوالي.سجلت نسبة توزيع عوامل الاختطار في مرضى المتلازمة التاجية الحادة اعلى مستوياتها بالنسبة للسمنة (< 80%), وارتفاع ضغط الدم (~ 70%) بينما تم تسجيل النسب الاقل بالنسبة للتدخين وتضخم البطين الايسر ونقص تروية القلب وكذلك شذوذ شحوم الدم (Dyslipidemia). | The term acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a group of clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia including unstable angina (UA), Non - ST - segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) & ST - segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).In addition to clinical and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, several Biochemical markers are considered in patients with chest pain to diagnose myocardial ischemia.Apelin is a novel endogenous peptide with inotropic and vasodilatory properties, immunohistochemically it was hown to be synthesized in smooth muscle cells and fibroblast cells of coronary arteries. it was recently reported that serum measurements of apelin were similar to its immunohistochemical data in vessels and heart tissues.Objectives : To evaluate serum levels of apelin in relation to the subtypes of ACS..Patients, Material & Methods : The present study was conducted during the period from September 2014 until March 2015. Fifty - nine patients with ACS are included as 30 unstable angina (UA), 15 non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), & 14 ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. The study included also (28) apparently healthy persons served as control. Blood samples were obtained for measurements of (apelin, Troponin, CK - MB, & Lipid Profile) for all participants.Results : Serum apelin levels were significantly decreased in total patients with ACS (1846.1±320.9 ng/ml) compared to control (2719.4±272.5) (p< 0.05). Regarding patients' subgroups; serum apelin was lowest in STEMI (1729.0±480.0), NSTEMI (1816.0±289.0), & UA (1916.0±224.4) when compared with control.Total cholesterol and LDL levels were higher in patients compared to control although the difference was not significant. While there were significant differences in TG, HDL and VLDL between ACS patients and control group.The percentage of risk factors' distribution in ACS recorded the highest for obesity (>80%), hypertension (~80%), and DM (~70%); while lesser percentages were recorded for smoking, left ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, and dyslipidemia.Conclusion : Data obtained revealed a reduction in serum apelin levels in all patients groups especially STEMI. Since apelin acts as an indicator for the efficiency of heart function and coronary circulation, it could be used as a indicator for assessment of severity of ischemia in ACS patients.

التاثيرات الصحية لداء الفقار المقسط على جودة الحياة والاداء الوظيفي للمرضى العراقيين == Health - Related Quality of Life and Work Outcome in Iraqi Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Author name: نورا صباح مهدي
Supervisor name: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease, mainly affecting the axial skeleton, and less frequently the peripheral joints, entheses as well as other extra - articular organs such as the eyes, heart and lungs. AS has a considerable effect on the individual’s healthrelated quality of life. Work disabled patients with AS experience a significantly reduced quality of life.Objective : To evaluate health - related quality of life and factors influencing it in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis, as well as, to assess work outcome and its correlation with quality of life in AS patients.Patients and Methods : A case - control study was conducted at the Rheumatology Unit in Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from August 2017 to March 2018. A total of 168 patients (151 male : 17 female) with Ankylosing Spondylitis were enrolled in the study, all of them fulfilled the modified New York criteria for Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria for axial spondyloarthropathy, and compared with 169 healthy controls (149 male : 20 female) matched for age and sex. Socio - demographic and clinical data of the patients and controls were collected. Health - related quality of life and work outcome were evaluated by the medical outcome survey short form - 36 (SF - 36) and work productivity and activity impairment - specific health problem (WPAI - SHP) scores respectively.Results : the mean age of the studied groups was 37.4 ± 9.4 years and 36.9 ± 9.5 years in Ankylosing Spondylitis and control groups, respectively. The median disease duration in AS patients was 11.3 ± 7.6. The quality of life in Ankylosing Spondylitis patients on all the scales of the short form 36 (SF - 36), was significantly worse than in the control group. Mental health quality of life was mostly affected than physical health overall. Role - physical was the most affected subscale of the short form - 36 (SF - 36). Male gender, smoking,fatigue, bath Ankylosing Spondylitis functional index (BASFI), treatment with biologics (anti - tumor necrosis factor) were significantly associated with the components of physical & mental health - related quality of life. Of 168 patients, 126 were employed (75%). Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis reported work absenteeism loss, work productivity loss, overall work impairment, and daily activity impairment of 9.19%, 48.17%, 36.19%, 50.82% respectively. Work productivity and activity impairment - specific health problem (WPAI - SHP) summary scores were significantly correlated with all scores of quality of life (short form - 36).Conclusions : Ankylosing Spondylitis has negative impact on patients’ healthrelated quality of life, affecting both physical & mental health. Male gender, smoking, fatigue, poor functional status, treatment with biologics were the most associated factors with better or worse quality of life in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. AS has a significant effect on working conditions, quality of life has a direct relationship with a patient’s ability to work.

تقييم نوعية الحياة لدى المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمرض بهجت وعلاقتها مع فاعلية المرض == Quality of life assessment in Iraqi patients with Behçet’s disease and its relationship with disease activity

Author name: میس عجیل جبار
Supervisor name: فائق ايشو كوريال
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Behçet’s disease is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent exacerbations affecting mucocutaneous tissues, eyes, blood vessels, and several other tissues. Among them, vascular and nervous system involvement are the most common causes of mortality in Behçet’s disease. The previous studies have shown that Quality of Life in patients with Behçet disease was negatively affected by the disease.Aim of the study : To evaluate Quality of Life in patients with Behçet’s disease compared with healthy controls, To assess the correlation of Quality of Life with organ involvements of Behçet’s disease and To assess the effect of demographic and clinical features of Behçet’s disease on Quality of Life. Patients and Methods : A case - control study was conducted at the Rheumatology Unit of Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Medical City from July 2017 to January 2018 . A total of seventy - one consecutive patients (45 male : 26 female) were classified as Behçet’s disease by fulfilling the International Study Group criteria 1990 for Behçet’s disease and compared with seventy - one healthy controls (45 male : 26 female) matched for age and gender. After acquiring their consent, findings were gathered using a preconstructed data collection sheet for patients and controls that evaluate Age, gender, smoking status, disease duration, age at disease onset, Behçet’s disease organ involvements were reported. Disease activity was assessed using Behçet's disease current activity form and health - related quality - of - life was evaluated using The Short Form - 36 (SF - 36) .Results : All the components of Short Form - 36 (SF - 36) , it’s summary scores and Total Short Form - 36 (Total SF - 36) score was significantly lower ( p - value <0.001 ) in patients compared to control . Patients with eye involvement had significantly higher Physical functioning (p - value = 0.023), role - physical ( p - value <0.001), and bodily pain (p - value <0.010) subscores when compared to those without eye involvement. Patients with skin involvement did not show a significant impairment in all SF - 36 subscales when compared to those without skin involvement. Behçet's disease Patients with articular involvement, Physical functioning (p - value = 0.027), bodily pain (p - value <0.001), and general health (p - value = 0.018) subscores are significantly impaired when compared to those without articular involvement .Behçet’s disease patients with myalgia, Physical functioning (p - value = 0.001), bodily pain (p - value = 0.018), and vitality (p - value = 0.038) subscores are significantly impaired when compared to those without myalgia. patients with Central nervous system involvement, physical functioning (p - value = 0.006), rolephysical (p - value <0.001), bodily pain (p - value = 0.001) , general health (p - value = 0.001) and vitality (p - value = 0.042) subscores are significantly impaired when compared to those without Central nervous system involvement. There are certain demographic and treatment modalities had a significant positive impact on Total SF - 36 score : Male gender (p - value = 0.020) , use of cyclosporine (p - value = 0.043 ), use of infliximab (p - value = 0.001), and use of adalimumab (p - value = 0.001) . While others had a significant negative impact on Total SF - 36 score : Disease duration (pvalue = 0.019) , Behçet’s Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) (p - value = 0.043 ), and use of Mycophenolate mofetil (p - value = 0.043 ).

تقييم نسبة خلايا الدم المتعادلة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية وعرض توزيع الصفائح الدموية كعلامات التهابية في عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمتلازمة الالم الليفي العضلي == Evaluation of blood neutrophil - lymphocyte ratio and platelet distribution width as inflammatory markers in a sample of Iraqi patients with fibromyalgia

Author name: فادية علي شعلان
Supervisor name: زياد شفيق الراوي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Fibromyalgia syndrome is a diminished quality of life related to generalized body pain with physical and psychological symptoms that occurs in the absence of a clear pathologic cause. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a simple parameter to assess easily the inflammatory status of a subjects. Platelet distribution width is a regular parameter in blood routine examination which reflects variation of platelet size distribution. Mean platelet volume is a part of the complete blood count test and correlates with the platelets function and activation.Objective : To evaluate Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, Platelet distribution width and Mean platelet volume in patients with Fibromyalgia as an inflammatory markers.Patients and Methods : This case - controlled study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Unit of Rheumatology, from July 2017 till November 2017. A total of 100 Iraqi patients with Fibromyalgia diagnosed according to 2012 Canadian Guidelines in addition to 50 healthy subjects worked as a control group were recruited. Data were collected using a paper clinical research form through interview and questionnaires. It consisted of two parts : the first part for the demographic data and full history, the second part laboratory data when the samples collected and sent for laboratories to obtain Platelet distribution width and Mean platelet volume while Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was calculated manually.Results : The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher among patients with fibromyalgia (2.18) compared to healthy controls (1.92) (p =0.033). The Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in patients with fibromyalgia (8.3) compared to healthy controls (8) (p =0.045). In contrast, the Platelet distribution width was significantly lower among patients with fibromyalgia (16.7) compared to healthy controls (17) (p=0.01). No statistically significant differences had been found in demographic variables. None of the tested parameters qualified as an acceptable test for predicting a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, since the Receiver operating characteristic area associated with any of them did not reach the minimum value of (0.65).Conclusions : The Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is significantly higher in fibromyalgia patients compared to the healthy controls. The Mean platelet volume is significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls. The Platelet distribution width was significantly lower among the patients compared to the healthy controls. None of these tested parameters qualified as an acceptable test for predicting a diagnosis of Fibromyalgia.

العلاقة بين الخصائص السريرية وبروز القرص القطني وانتقامة المثبت بفحص الرنين المغناطيسي == The Relationship between Clinical Features and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Proven Lumbar Disc Bulging and Herniation

Author name: ابان ناظم علي
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Lumbar disc herniation is one of the commonest causes of low backpain. The Magnetic resonance imaging is a gold standard noninvasiveinvestigation for viewing lumbar anatomy and physiology in great details.Obesity is strongly linked to biomechanical changes that damage thespine and contribute to a range of spinal diseases including intervertebraldisc herniation.Aim of the studyTo evaluate the effects of body mass index and waist to hip ratio on thepresence, extent and severity of lumbar disc bulging and herniation as wellas to determine the relationship between clinical features and magneticresonance imaging proven lumbar disc bulging and herniation.Patients and methodsA cross - sectional study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital,Rheumatology Unit during the period from October 2017 to May 2018. Atotal of 100 patients with lumbar disc bulging and herniation proven by MRIwere included in this study. The patients were examined neurologically andtheir body mass index was calculated as well as the waist to hip ratio.ResultsThe magnetic resonance imaging findings demonstrated that (72%) ofthe studied group had disc bulge, (13%) had disc protrusion and (15%) haddisc extrusion with no cases of disc sequestration. Multiple discinvolvements were seen in (73%) of those patients. The correlation betweenbody mass index and the total disc bulge/extrusion score was statisticallysignificant. There was a significant association between neurological deficitand body mass index as well as between straight leg raising test, femoralVIstretch test, neurological deficit and the waist to hip ratio. On the other hand,there was no significant association between clinical features and nerve root compression for patients with both normal body mass index as well as overweight and obese ones, although the frequency of patients with positive clinical findings was higher in patients with nerve root compression but the difference did not reach the significant level (P - value >0.05). The sensitivity of straight leg raising test, femoral stretch test and crossed straight leg raising test were (39.6%), (25.3%) and (6.6%) respectively.ConclusionsThere is an increase in the likelihood of having lumbar disc herniation and its global severity in overweight and obese patients. The clinical findings were more severe in overweight and obese patients especially in patients with central obesity. There was no significant association between the clinical features and the nerve root compression in patients with both normal body mass index as well as overweight and obese ones. The type of disc displacement associated poorly with clinical signs and symptoms as well as with the obesity.

العوامل المرتبطة مع سرطان الثدي وتاثيراتها في عينة من المرضى لمستشفى الامل الوطني لعلاج السرطان في بغداد == Factors associated with Breast Cancer Impact in a sample of Al - Amal National hospital for Cancer management in Baghdad

Author name: اسامة مدحت لفتة
Supervisor name: احمد سمير النعيمي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) known to be the most common cause of cancer - related death among females with excess of more than a million inflicted with this disease every year. In Iraq, breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy among the Iraqi population in general. The disease affects physical and mental health among breast cancer survivors. The true impact of a successful medical intervention could be understood by the degree to which the treatment has a positive influence on patient’s immediate and /or future well - being. Assessment of quality of life among breast cancer is vital to identify area of concerns to the patient and health professional, and to suggest means to improve disease outcome and reduce patient’s suffering. The current study aimed at measuring the impact of Breast Cancer on different aspects of health related quality of life. In addition, to studying the association between the impact of breast Cancer and sociodemographic characteristics or treatment modalities.A cross - sectional study was conducted on a total of 250 randomly selected females with an established diagnosis of breast cancer attending Al - Amal National hospital for Cancer management in Baghdad. Data collection took place during the period from January to April, 2016, each participant was asked to fill The questionnaire composed of three parts : The first one covered sociodemographic characteristics including : age, gender, educational attainment, marital status, living arrangement, finical status, BMI and blood pressure. The second part contained the ABCIS (Arabic Breast Cancer Impact Scale) with 14 questionnaire items. The third part of the questionnaire gathered data about disease associated factors like duration, treatment modalities. The answers that reflect the impact of the disease on specific life domains were anchored to a 5 points Likert - scale type rating scale. It ranges from large extent to no impact. Higher rating reflects higher negative impact. In addition, the importance of each domain rated on 4 points likert - scale ranges from very important to not important. Higher rating reflects greater importance.Breast cancer had negative impact on patients quality of life. The psychological domain was the most affected among the three domains of quality of life, while theviisocial domain was the least affected. The retest part of the study supported a high reliability for the tested instrument among Iraqi Breast Cancer patients. A quarter of study subjects described the quality of their life as poor. This group of females is at risk for bad prognosis and deterioration of their conditions later on.The study failed to detect an association between type of treatment (whether radio or chemo - therapy) and negative impact of breast cancer on quality of life. Most cancer patients in Iraq fail to cope with the new events and changes in their body image and daily activities that resulted from their disease, neither in their social or occupational life. This might be related to the lack of the psychological therapy and rehabilitation program, which should be provided in all stages of management.

الكشف المبكر للخلل الوظيفي لعمل البطين الايسر الانقباضي في المرضى المصابين بارتجاع الصمام الابهر المزمن غير ذوي الاعراض باستخدام صدى القلب ثنائي الابعاد ذي التتبع النقطي == Early Detection of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction In Asymptomatic Patients with Chronic Aortic Regurgitation by Two Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

Author name: ثامر عماد احمد
Supervisor name: امال نوري المراياتي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Echocardiography
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) is a left ventricular (LV) volume overload lesion with a long latency period prior to symptom development. Prior to symptoms, patients may exhibit normal exercise tolerance associated with LV remodeling and a preserved ejection fraction (EF).Conventional echocardiography has many limitations in prediction of early LV systolic dysfunction. Therefore; early detection of subclinical LV systolic dysfunction is crucial and could influence patients' prognosis by aiding the clinician to candidate patients for better management.Recently, 2 - D speckle tracking echocardiography have been shown to be useful noninvasive tools for detecting subtle LV contractile changes in the prior to reduced LVEF in patients with chronic AR .Aim of the Study : To detect early LV systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patient with chronic aortic regurgitation by two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography comparing that to conventional echocardiographic systolic parameters (EF by Simpson’s method and MAPSE ) and tissue Doppler echocardiographic systolic parameter ( s) .Patients and Methods : Sixty one asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation, with no ischemic heart diseases ( by Angiography ) or conductive heart diseases, no diabetes mellitus, no hypertension, and no other valvular heart diseases (group 1) and fifty age and sex - matched healthy subjects (group 2) were enrolled into the study. Group (1) was further classified into 3 sub - groups according to 4 chosen parameters from the published guidelines of ASE into : Mild AR, Moderate AR, and Severe AR.All patients and controls underwent echocardiographic examination including conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler study and 2 - D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography.Results : As compared to other systolic parameters ,global longitudinal strain measured by 2 - D speckle tracking echocardiography was the most useful tool to detect subtle LV systolic dysfunction with sensitivity and specificity of 75.4% and 99% respectively and AUC of 0.928 for a cut off value of > ( - 19.62).Moreover, GLS has highest sensitivity and specificity in detection of subtle LV systolic dysfunction in moderate AR .In moderate AR ,a cut off value of > ( - 19.62) has sensitivity and specificity of 91.3% and 95.5% respectively, with PPV and NPV of 87.5% and 96.9% respectively, AUC of 0.981 and a P value of <0.0001. In all types of AR, GLS had higher NPV than PPV which makes it a powerful screening tool for early detection of subtle LV systolic dysfunction.Conclusion : Global Longitudinal strain measured by 2 - D speckle tracking echocardiography is an excellent tool for early detection of subtle LV systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with chronic AR.

تقييم خدمات الفحص الطوعي الاسترشادي لمرض نقص المناعة المكتسب (الايدز) في بغداد ،2014 == Assessment of HIV/AIDS Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services in Baghdad 2014

Author name: نزار عبد المهدي ناهي
Supervisor name: صالح جاسم علوان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Applied Epidemiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر خدمات الفحص الطوعي الاسترشادي ((VCT حجر الزاوية للوصول مبكرا الى الوقاية والرعاية لخدمات الدعم في مجال فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية / الايدز. وبالرغم من كون ان هذه الخدمة قد تم العمل بها في بعض المواقع منذ عام 2004، فاننا لا نملك اي دراسة لتقييم طريقة تنفيذ هذه المراكز او تقييم ادائها في العراق.الاهداف : تقييم مراكز الفحص الطوعي الاسترشادي في محافظة بغداد وفقا للمعايير الوطنية والدولية.الاساليب : تم استخدام دراسة مقطعية لما مجموعه (23) في بغداد بواسطة استبيان وقائمة من المؤشرات المعدلة لرصد وتقييم خدمات الفحص الطوعي الاسترشادي الخاصة بمنظمة الصحة العالمية ((WHO الايدز ومنظمة البرنامج الاممي لمرض نقص المناعة المكتسب ((UNAIDS.النتائج : بينت نتائج الدراسة بان الخطة الاستراتيجية الوطنية للبرنامج الوطني لمكافحة الايدز لا تزال قيد الاعداد، وليس هناك خطة واضحة لاجراء الدورات التدريبية لمقدمي خدمة الفحص الطوعي الاسترشادي، توفر جميع المواقع التي شملتها الدراسة اختبار فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية، بينما تقدم مشورة ما قبل الفحص في (73.9٪) من المراكز ، في حين ان (17.3٪) فقط من هذه المواقع يقدمون مشورة ما بعد الفحص لعملائها.قد تبين ايضا ضعف خدمات الاحالة من والى الخدمات الصحية الساندة الاخرى. الغالبية (62.5٪) من مقدمي خدمة المشورة هم فنيي المختبرات، ان (57٪) من المواقع تعطى النتائج لعملائها في مدة تزيد عن يوم واحد. فيما يتعلق بالتدريب فان (43٪) من مقدمي خدمة المشورة لم يتم تدريبهم لتقديم هذه الخدمة وان كل مقدمي الخدمة لم يتلقون اي تدريب تعزيزي خلال العام الماضي. يستخدم الاختبار السريع ((Raped test في (43٪) من المواقع التي شملتها الدراسة. في حين تستخدم المواقع المتبقية طريقة ال (ELIZA). لم تتوفر غرفة المشورة وخصوصية العميل في (82.6٪) من المواقع في حين ان المواد التعليمية والواقي الذكري متوفرة في (21.7٪) من المراكز. بينت الدراسة ايضا ان عدد المستفيدين من خدمة الفحص الطوعي الاسترشادي في المراكز التي تم مسحها هو(354) مستفيد في الاشهر الثلاثة التي سبقت الدراسة وان غالبية المستفيدين هم من الذكور وبنسبة (84٪) من العدد الكلي .الخلاصة : بينت الدراسة بان خدمات الفحص الطوعي الاسترشادي لمرض نقص المناعة المكتسب البشري في بغداد هي اقل من المعايير الوطنية والدولية الموصى بها.التوصيات : تم التوصية بتعزيز بناء القدرات والتدريب لجميع مقدمي خدمات المشورة والفحص لفيروس نقص المناعة البشرية ، تشجيع استخدام الاختبار السريع في جميع المواقع المسؤلة عن تقديم هذه الخدمة، تعزيز العمل بنظام الاحالة، انشاء نظام للرصد والتقييم، ضمان توافر غرف المشورة في جميع المراكز المعنية، وتعبئة المجتمع المحلي للاستفادة من هذا النوع من الخدمات. | Background : Voluntary Counseling and Testing of HIV (VCT) is a cornerstone for early access to prevention, care, and support services in the area of HIV/AIDS. Although VCT has been available at some sites across the Iraq since 2004, there has been no study conducted to evaluate its implementation and performance in Iraq.Objectives : To assess implementation of VCT services in Baghdad governorate according to the national and international standard.Methods : A cross sectional study to (23) VCT sites in Baghdad utilized indicators from the United Nations program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO).Results : The national strategic plan for the National AIDS Program (NAP) is still under preparation, there was no clear Plan for conducting counselors training courses, all surveyed sites were providing HIV testing, 73.9% were providing pre - test counseling, and 17.3% were providing post test counseling. Weak linkage with other health services. 57% of the sites gave the results to their clients in more than one day. 43% of the counselors were not trained and no refresh training has been received by any counselor during the last year. Counseling room and client privacy was not available in 82.6% of the sites while Provision of VCT educational materials and condoms were only conducted in 21.7%. The study show low service utilization by local community with male client represents 84% of all clients.Conclusion The quality of VCT services in Baghdad is below the recommended national and international standards. Recommendations : Capacity - building of counselors according to the international training guideline, using rapid test in all VCT sites, enhancing referrals, establishing a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system and ensuring availability of counseling rooms and community mobilization to utilize this kind of services.
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