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الاحتجاج العقائدي بالقران الكريم عند ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) == The Doctrinal Debate with the Holy Qura’n by Imams of the Prophet’s Households (p.b.u.t)

Author name: جبار محمد هاشم الموسوي
Supervisor name: نعمة محمد ابراهيم
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

العدالة والضبط عند المحدثين == Validity and Accuracy for the Narrators

Author name: حيدر جيجان عبد علي الزيادي
Supervisor name: محمد كاظم البكاء
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

العلم الاجمالي واثره في الاستنباط الفقهي

Author name: احمد سامي حمد المالكي
Supervisor name: هادي حسين الكرعاوي
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

الشهيد الاول واراؤه الفقهية

Author name: سناء لطيف عبد الرزاق
Supervisor name: صاحب محمد حسين نصرا
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

مناهج التصنيف في القواعد الفقهية : دراسة مقارنة == Classification methods in ajurisprudential rules Comparative Study

Author name: حميد جاسم عبود الغرابي
Supervisor name: صاحب محمد حسين نصار
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Law
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

الاداء المنهجي في تفسير ايات الاحكام

Author name: حسن كاظم اسد
Supervisor name: محمد حسين علي الصغير
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

سلطة القاضي التقديرية في النزاعات الاسرية == The Judge Discretional Authority over the Family Disputes

Author name: ايات عبد الوهاب عبد الرزاق
Supervisor name: هادي حسين هادي الكرعاوي
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

النيابة في فقه العبادات : دراسة مقارنة == The deputation in worships jurisprudence Comparison study

Author name: نوري شرهان كاطع
Supervisor name: محمود المظفر
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

البحث الحديثي في مستمسك العروة الوثقى للامام السيد محسن الحكيم (1306هـ - 1390هـ) == The Hadith Research in Mostamsek Al - Oroa Al - Withqha for Imam Sayid Mohsen Al - Hakeem (1306A.H - 1390 A.H)

Author name: سعاد جبار محمد النجفي
Supervisor name: علي خضير حجي | محمد حسين علي الصغير
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

دراسة جزيئية ومناعية لالتهاب الكبد الفيروسي نمط جـ لمرضى الثلاسيميا في محافظة النجف الاشرف - العراق == Molecular and immunological study for Hepatitis C virus in Thalassemia patients in AL - Najaf AL - Ashraf / Iraq

Author name: ناديه حبيب سرحان الشيباني
Supervisor name: موسى نعمة مزهر | جميل جري يوسف
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted to detect the infection percentage of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in the samples of thalassemic patients in AL - Najaf Governorate.About 130 suspected cases attending AL - Zahra'a hospital for children and delivery in Al - Najaf city during period from 1st of November (2014) to 28thof April (2015).Only 69 samples were carried out in this study .The practical side for this study followes three main paths : 1 - The Molecular identification of the presence of Ribonuclic acid of Hepatitis C virus in Thalassemic patients by using RT - PCR.2 - Using the Enzyme Linkedimmunosorbant assay (ELISA - III)technique to determinate immunological markers anti - HCV IgG and interleukine - 28B (IL - 28B).3 - Using theCYANHemato devicefor the purpose of counting blood cells which is called Coulter - Method to give a Complete blood count(CBC).The overall results obtained in this study were as follows : - Out of 69 samples,25(36%) samples of thalassemic patients were infected with Hepatitis C virus, 16 male and 9 female ,their age range from (4 - 43) years ,while 44(64%) samplesof thalassemic patients were withoutHepatitis C virus infection , 22 male and 22 female, their age range from (3 - 35) years . - The result showed that 25samples seropositive to anti - HCV IgG in all age groups where the age group (10 - 20) years old has thehighest percentage among other age groups. - The result of the examination of HCV - RNA Eleven of (25) HCV seropositive patients were positive to RT - PCR technique. - The result of this study showed that level of Interleukin - 28Bin thalassemic patients with HCV was high (mean or significant) (12733.33) pg/ml as compared with thalassemic patients without HCV (270.0463) pg/ml and control(12.1267)pg/ml. - The result also has revealed that the hematological parameters of white blood cells (WBCs),monocytespercentage (MON) and lymphocytes percentage (LYM) significantly have increased (P<0.05) in Hepatitis C patients compared to those of control group. - Granulocytes(GRA) showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in percentage in Hepatitis C patients compared to those of control groups.

دراســـــة بعض المعايـــــير الجزيئيـــــة والمناعيـــــة لبكتيريا Staphylococcus aureus المقاومة للمثيسيلين والمعزولة محليا من الاصابات الجلدية المكتسبة مجتمعيا

Author name: هدى سعد عزاوي
Supervisor name: سلمان عزيز | سميرة كاظم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • المكورات العنقودية الذهبية
  • الخراج ونضح الجروح
  • الاصابات الجلدية
First pages:
Abstract: تعد البكتيريا العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمثيسيلين المكتسبة مجتمعيا من الكائنات المجهرية المرضية التي تسبب طيفا واسعا من الاصابات في مختلف بقاع العالم في اماكن مختلفة من جسم الانسان اذ اقترنت امراضيتها مع اصابات الجلد والانسجة الرخوة . تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على مدى انتشار هذه البكتيريا في حالات اصابة انسجة الجلد المختلفة ,واجراء تقييم جزيئي لهذه البكتيريا المعزولة من حالات مرضية مختلفة , وتقييم مستوى بعض الحركيات الخلوية في مصول المرضى . وقد اشتملت على 169 عينة اخذت من المرضى المصابين بالتهابات الجلد المختلفة كـ الدمامل والخراج الجلدي والجروح والقدم المصابة بالقرحة لدى مرضى السكري وعدوى الحروق والحصف (القوباء) واخذت من المرضى الذين يراجعون العيادات الخارجية , والمراكز الصحية , وكذلك العيادات الخاصة, لمدة امتدت اكثر من خمسة اشهر , وللفترة من تشرين الاول 2014 م وحتى اذار2015 م. تضمنت الدراسة الحالية اخذ مسحات من الجلد المصاب بالالتهابات المرضية المختلفة وعينات دم ,من بين 169 عينة ,76 عزلة فقط اثبتت عائديتها الى جنس المكورات العنقودية الذهبية وبنسبة 45% من العزلات الماخوذة من حالات مختلفة لاصابة الجلد , وكان معدل العزل العام للعنقوديات الذهبية من القدم المصابة بالقرح لدى مرضى السكري 5 عزلات بنسبة 33% نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين 20% (عزلة واحدة ),اما المصابين بخراج الجلد والدمامل والقوباء الجلدي فكان معدل عزلها كالاتي (69)18 %,(55)21% , (31)9%,نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين (55.6)10% , (61.9)13%, (11.11)1% على التوالي . ان معدل عزل هذه البكتيريا من عدوى الجروح والحروق فكانت كالاتي (32)11%, (44)12% نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين منها (72.7)8%% (16.6)2, على التوالي . ان العزلات البكتيرية من المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المكتسبة مجتمعيا مقاومة لجميع مضادات البيتالاكتام وغير مقاومة للمضادات الحيوية التي لا تنتمي الى هذه المجموعة. اجري الكشف الوراثي باستعمال تقنية سلسلة تفاعلات البلمرة polymerase chain reaction اذ شخصت العزلات الخمسة والثلاثين باستعمال 3 جينات وهم mec Agene وهو الجين الخاص بالمقاومة للمثيسيلين , وكان عدد العزلات الحاملة لهذا الجين 22 عزلة من اصل 35 عزلة وبنسبة 62% . واخضعت العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين الى عملية تعريف للقطعة الكروموسومية النوع الرابعSCCmec IV اذ يعد هذا النوع سمة تفريقية للعزلات البكتيرية من المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمثيسيلين والمكتسبة في المجتمع ، اذ وجدت بنسبة 100 % . كذلك تم التحري عن امكانية تواجد مورثة الذيفان الخارجي Panton Valatine leukocidine ( pvl ) باستعمال تقنية تفاعلات البلمرة PCR اذ شخص في 19 عزلة بكتيرية بنسبة 54% ، اقترن وجود السم بالاخص مع حالات الاصابة بالدمامل والخراج والجروح . اجريت الفحوصات المناعية عند المصابين بالتهاب انسجة الجلد , وذلك من خلال تقييم مستوى بعض الحركيات الخلوية مثل IL - 8 وLTB - 4 باستعمال طريقة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم Enzyme linked Immune Sorbant assay وقد لوحظ زيادة معنوية في تراكيزها في مصول المرضى مقارنة بعامل السيطرة . | Community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogenic micro - organism that cause a wide spectrum of infections in different sites of the human body where their pathogenicity is related to skin and soft tissue infection. This study is aimed to explore the role of this bacteria in different cases of skin infections.The genetic structure of these isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus was also one of this study targets to evaluate immunological response by measurement of concentration of some cytokines as indicator of immune response. One hundred sixty nine patients with different cases of skin infection were enrolled in this study by taking one skin swab from each patient with different skin infection as Furuncle, boil, wound infection, impetigo and burns infection. All these cases were taken from out - patient clinics and private clinic along 5 months period from October 2014 to march 2015 in AL - Najaf Province , From the 169 swab samples only 76 swabs were shown to be positive Staphylococcus aureus with percent 45%.The percent of isolates of S. aureus from different cases of skin infection (5) isolates from diabetic foot with 20% of them are Methicillin resistant (one isolate) and skin abscess, boil, and impetigo were 18(69%),21(55%),9(31%)from which methicillin resistant were 10(55.6%), 13(61%) and 1(11.11%) respectively Percent of isolates from wound &burns infection were 11(32%) and 12(44%) and methicillin resistant isolates were 8 (72.7%) and 2(16.6%) respectively . The process of diagnosis of methicillin - resistant isolates was performed by using sensitivity test for cifoxitin following (CLSI,2014) instruction . Only 35 isolate showed resistant to methicillin when Cefoxitin disk was used then antibiotic sensitive test for other antibiotic disks done., Isolates of CA - MRSA showed resistant to all β - Lactam antibiotics and also to other drugs that are not belonged to this type of antibiotics. Genetic study was evaluated by using PCR technique to diagnosis the following genes in 35 isolates : mecA gene : which is considered responsible for methicillin resistant ,it was found that only 22 from 35 isolates (62%)carrying the gene. SCCmec IV gene which restricted only to Community acquired isolates of Staphylococci were explored in the isolates which considered a diagnostic character for Community acquired Staphylococci and this gene was found in 100% of isolates . Exotoxin panton - valatine toxin also diagnosed in 19 isolates with percent 54% in isolates of S. aureus using PCR technique. This exotoxin was produced in cases of Furuncle, skin abscess, and wound infection . Immunological test was introduced in this study to evaluate the innate immune response by measuring the concentration of Cytokines IL - 8&LTB4 which showed significant elevation in their concentration in comparison with healthy persons.

دراسة لاعتلال الاعصاب المحيطية عند مرضى الداء السكري من النوع الثاني == Study of peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type II

Author name: اسراء ماجد نعمة عبيد العيكاشي
Supervisor name: سحر محمود جواد الجمالي | عمار جبار حمد الشمري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic diseases that is widely spread all over the world and affects all age groups. The disease has a vast potential to affect almost every body organ, especially the peripheral nerves, which causes high mortality rates from disease complications. These complications cause damage in the organs of the body including the nerves located in the limbs that generate an intense heat resulting from the destruction of nerve fibers in addition to the acute pain resulting from the effect of diabetes in those nerves. This study was designed to determine the sensitivity of those nerves by displaying the results of nerve conduction study for patients and compared it with their clinical examination to determine the severity of numbness and assess the level of pain in the upper and lower limbs.The study was conducted at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center in Al - Sader Medical City in Al - Najaf governorate and it included following up the case of (78) patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy by nerve conduction study. The study was began from 5/9/2014 until 7/4/2015. It included diabetic men and women, and they were divided into three age groups (35 - 68), and the study excluded the patients with peripheral neuropathy but have foot ulceration because the nerve connect system (SUDOSCAN REPORT ) was used in the current study, cannot perform nerve conduction study for patients with foot ulceration also smoking and the patients who taking treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy .During this study the clinical examination for patients was conducted and compared it with the nerve conduction study of them , also recording the information were related with the history of patients ,as while asmeasuring the concentrations of urea and creatinine in serum, in addition the study was recognized the effect of diabetes mellitus on the kidneys by estimating the ratio of albumin to creatinine in the urine, or named (ACR). the study compared the glycosylated hemoglobin levels and body mass index with the nerve conduction study results for all patients.The present study has shown a statistical significant difference (P <0.05) between the clinical tests of the patients who were tested by tuning fork as while as nerves test needle test and between nerve conduction study for both sexes also at all age groups included in the study. The results of the study did not show any a statistical significant (P>0.05). difference when compared the results of nerve conduction study among the different age groups for males. For females however, there was a statistical significant difference (P<0.05) amongst the different age groups.The results of the current study did not show a statistical significant difference (P>0.05) as regards the duration of injury for males, while it revealed a statistical significant difference among females (P <0.05), the results of the current study also observed the presence of a statistical significant increase (P<0.05) in the ratio of albumin to creatinine in patients with diabetic peripheral nervous for males and females.When compared the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels over the past three months, there are no a statistical significant differences (P>0.05) for males and females ,while the study revealed no a statistical significant increase (P> 0.05) in the concentrations of urea in males when compared to their nerve conduction study results, as well as theconcentrations of creatinine which did not show a statistical significant difference( P> 0.05) at them.The study was also revealed the presence of a statistical significant difference (P<0.05) in the concentrations of urea in females with diabetic peripheral neuropathic and did not show a statistical significant difference (P> 0.05) in the concentration of creatinine at them. The results of the current study did not show a statistical significant difference (P>0.05) between the body mass index among males and it showed a statistical significant difference among females (P <0.05)with peripheral diabetic neuropathy.The study reached that diabetes, with long periods of infection, has a crucial role in showing and the advancement of the disease for most of the patients, particularly those who lack the suitable amount of control over the percentage of the Glucose in the blood. The study also deducted that the disease is accompanied with kidney failure for most of the studied patients. It was also revealed that the nominees of some of the patients which appeared during their examination via tuning fork as while as nerves test needle was not the cause of their infection with diabetes, therefore, the study recommended the adoption of the results of the diabetic peripheral neuropathy to diagnose and asses the infection with peripheral nervous surround diabetes.

دراسة بعض العوامل البيئية المؤثرة في بعض انواع القشريات في نهر الكوفة == Study Som of Enviromental factors offecting Some Crustacea species in the Kufa river

Author name: ايمان حساني شباط السلامي
Supervisor name: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على انواع القشريات وانتشارها في نهر الكوفة , وتاثير بعض العوامل البيئية على تواجدها , اذ جمعت عينات الدراسة شهريا للمدة من اب 2014 لغاية تموز 2015 من ثلاث محطات , الاولى : تقع شمال جسر الامام علي (عليه السلام) والثانية قرب مبزل ميسان والمحطة الثالثة قرب جسر الكوفة القديم ( قريبة من دار ضيافة المحافظة ) , اذ قيست العوامل البيئية الفيزياوية والكيمياوية مثل درجة الحرارة والاس الهيدروجيني والاوكسجين المذاب والمتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين والتوصيلية الكهربائية والكدرة , والعسرة الكلية وايون الكالسيوم . تراوحت الحدود الدنيا والعليا لحرارة الهواء 14.3) - 42.6 ) مo وحرارة الماء (13 - 30.4) مo والاس الهيدروجيني 6.8) - 9.6 ) والاوكسجين الذائب 2.9) - 9.1 ) ملغم / لتر والمتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين 0.7) - 4.7 ) ملغم / لتر والتوصيلية الكهربائية 1162) - 2055 ) مايكروسيمنز/ سم والملوحة 0.7) - 1.31 ) جزء بالالف والكدرة 1.4) - 17.5) نفثالين وحدة كدرة والعسرة الكلية 210) - 930 ) ملغم / لتر وايون الكالسيوم 119 ) - 380 ) ملغم / لتر . تم خلال الدراسة الحالية تسجيل جديد لنوعين من القشريات الكبيرة لاول مرة في نهر الكوفة وهما الروبيان النهري Macrobrachium nipponense والسرطان النهري Potamon magnum اللذان يعودان الى رتبة عشارية الاقدام Decapoda , اذ سجل اعلى كثافة للروبيان النهري 63.58 ) ) فرد / م 3 في المحطة الاولى في شهر تشرين الاول واختفى في محطات الدراسة جميعها في شهر كانون الثاني وشباط , بينما سجل اعلى كثافة للسرطان النهري 32.89) ) فرد / م 3 في المحطة الاولى في شهر نيسان . وتم تشخيص 32 وحدة تصنيفية تعود الى رتبتين من القشريات الصغيرة , وهي رتبة Cladocera ورتبة Copepoda اذ وجد ان رتبة Cladocera هي الاكثر وفرة وغزارة في محطات الدراسة اذ تضم خمسة وعشرون نوعا , بينمراتبة Copepoda تضم سبعة انواع.تم تشخيص ثمانية اجناس من رتبة متفرعة اللوامس Cladocera وهي Bosmina , Daphnia , Ceriodaphnia , Simocephalus , Alona , Chydorus , Macrothrix وMonia , في جميع محطات الدراسة , ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اعلى كثافة هي جنس Bosmina وDaphnia بينما سجل الجنسين Macrothrix وMonia اقل كثافة اذ اختفت في معظم اشهر الدراسة وفي جميع محطات الدراسة. وتم تشخيص اربعة اجناس من رتبة مجذافية الاقدام Copepoda وهي Cyclops , Diaptomus , Microcyclops , Macrocyclops , ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اعلى كثافة هو جنس Cyclops ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اقل كثافة هو جنس Diaptomus . وتم تسجيل جديد لاحدى عشر نوع من القشريات الصغيرة Microcrustacea لاول مرة في نهر الكوفة تعود لرتبتين هما Cladocera وCopepoda وهذه الانواع هي umholtzil Daphnia , Daphnia galeata , Daphnia magna , Daphnia retrocurva , Simocephalus sexpinosus , Alona affinis , Chydorus gibbus , Monia micrura , Cyclops strenuous , Macrocyclops albidus , Microcyclops sp . , اظهرت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي وجود علاقة ارتباط بين كثافة القشريات والعوامل الفيزياوية والكيمياوية المقاسة شهريا ولمدة عام , كذلك لوحظ وجود فروق معنوية بين اشهر ومحطات الدراسة بالنسبة لكثافة القشريات والعوامل الفيزياوية والكيمياوية عند مستوى P ≤ 0.05 . | This study was conducted to identify the types of Crustaceans and distribution in Al - Kufa River and the effect of some environmental factors on their presence , Study samples were collected monthly for the period from August 2014 to July 2015 of three stations, the first station is located north bridge Imam Ali , the second near the Missan trocar and the third station near old Kufa bridge . The Environmental factors, were measured ( physical and chemical) such as temperature , pH , dissolved oxygen, , electrical conductivity, salinity , turbidity ,total hardness (T . H) and calcium ion. Lower and upper limits for air temperature ranged from (14.3 - 42.6) Co and water temperature (13 - 30.4) C0 , pH (6.8 - 9.6) , dissolved oxygen (2.9 - 9.1) mg / L , the biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (0.7 - 4.7) mg / L), electrical conductivity (1162 - 2055) µs/ cm and salinity (0.7 - 1.31) ppt , turbidity (1.4 - 17.5) NTU, total hardness (210 - 930) mg / L and calcium ion ( 119 - 380) mg / L. During the current study, a new record of two species of Macrocrustaceans for the first time in AL - Kufa River Macrobrachium nipponense and river crab Potamon magnum which they return to the Order Decapoda, The highest density was recorded for the M. nipponense (63.58) individual / m 3 in the first station in October month and disappeared in the study, all stations at January and February, months , while the highest density of river crab P. magnum record (32.89) individual / m 3 in the first station in April month. in this study diagnosed 32 taxonomic unit return to Microcrustacea : Cladocera and Copepoda orders , also cladocera reverded where found that the most abundant and the abundance of plants in the study are Cladocera rank as comprising twenty - five type, while Copepoda rank of seven . Diagnosed eight genus belong to the Cladocera such as Bosmina, Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia, Simocephalus, Alona, Chydorus, Macrothrix, Monia, in all study stations, The genera Bosmina and Daphnia recorded high density while Macrothrix and Monia recorded low density which disappeared in the most study month in all study stations. Also four genera of the Copepoda were diagnose such as Cyclops, Diaptomus, Microcyclops and Macrocyclops, and genus Cyclops record high density while the genus Diaptomus recorded low density. eleven species of Microcrustacea were recorded for the first time in AL - Kufa River belonging to the Cladocera and Copepoda orders and these species are Daphnia umholtzil, Daphnia galeata, Daphnia magna, Daphnia retrocurva, Simocephalus sexpinosus, Alona affinis, Chydorus gibbus, Monia micrura , Cyclops strenuous, Macrocyclops albidus, and Microcyclops sp. Statistical analysis showed a correlation relationship between the density of Crustaceans and the physical and chemical factors measured per month for one year, also noted that there were significant differences between months and study stations for the intensity of Crustaceans and the physical and chemical factors at P ≤ 0.05

دراسة تاثـير المستخلصات المائيـة لنباتي الليمـون الحامـض والسعـد في ذكور الجرذان البيض السليمة والمصابة تجريبيا بداء السكري == Studying the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Citrus limon and Cyperus rotandus in alloxan induced in Diabetic Male Albino Rats

Author name: زهراء كريـم عبد الله حسن الميالي
Supervisor name: زينب شنيور مهـدي الطرفـي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: داء السكري هو اضطراب ايضي مزمن يتصف بارتفاع سكر الدم مع اضطراب في ايض الكاربوهيدرات والدهون والبروتين نتيجة لخلل في افراز الانسولين من قبل البنكرياس ، او تاثيره الحيوي اوكليهما، يشكل هذا الداء تهديد خطير ومتزايد على حياة الكثير من الناس ويعد المشكلة الرئيسية التي تودي بحياة الملايين، وما للنباتات الطبية اثر مهم في صحة الانسان كونها مصدرا مهما للعديد من الادوية والمستحضرات الطبية , وتكمن الفائدة الطبية لهذه النباتات في قابليتها على انتاج العديد من المركبات الكيميائية ذات الخصائص الصيدلانية التي تدخل كمادة اولية او عوامل مساعدة في صناعة الادوية ولكثرة استخدام الاعشاب (النباتات الطبية) في الوقت الراهن بوصفها الطب البديل جاءت هذه الدراسة . اجريت هذه الدراسة الحالية في كلية التربية للبنات / جامعة الكوفة للمدة من 2014/10/1 م ولغاية 2015/5/30 م وتضمنت الدراسة تحضير المستخلص المائي الحارلكلا النباتين (بذور الليمون الحامض Citrus limon ودرنات السعد (Cyperus rotundusوقد تضمنت الدراسة متابعة (42) حيوان من ذكور الجرذان البيض ، وتم تقسيمها الى سبعة مجاميع تضمنت كل مجموعة ستة ذكور ، اذ جرعت المجموعة الاولى فمويا بمحلول الملحي الفسيولوجي حسب وزن الجسم واعتبرت كمجموعة سيطرة (سالبة) ، اما المجموعة الثانية فقد حقنت تحت الجلد بالالوكسان (1 مل) واعتبرت كمجموعة سيطرة مصابة (موجبة)، اما المجموعة الثالثة فقد جرعت فمويا بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض بتركيز (500ملغم/كغم) بتركيز (750ملغم/كغم) وحسب وزن الجسم ، والمجموعة الرابعة جرعت فمويا بالمستخلص المائي الحار لدرنات السعد حسب وزن الجسم ، والمجوعة الخامسة فحقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم جرعت فمويا المستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض بتركيز (500ملغم/كغم) وحسب وزن الجسم، والمجموعة السادسة التي حقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم تم تجريعها فمويا المستخلص المائي الحار لدرنات السعد بتركيز (750ملغم/كغم) حسب وزن الجسم ، واخيرا المجموعة السابعة التي حقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم جرعت فمويا بعقار الاميرال (Glimepiride) بتركيز (0.1) ، علما ان التجريع قد استمر لمدة ثلاثين يوما كاملا وبواقع مرة واحدة يوميا .وقد اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ما يلي :  حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في وزن الجسم واوزان الاعضاء (البنكرياس والكبد والكلية) لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة(المحقونة بالالوكسان) عند مقارنتها بالمجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي، وعلى النقيض من ذلك فقد اظهر وزن الجسم وكذلك اوزان الاعضاء ارتفاعا معنويا (P< 0.05) لدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة.  وجود انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض وكريات الدم الحمر وتركيز الهيموغلوبين والصفيحات الدموية عند الحيوانات المصابة تجريبيا بداء السكري عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، على العكس من ذلك حصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة لدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . حصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في مستويات الكلوكوز ، الكولسترول الكلي الكليسيريدات الثلاثية ، والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة والواطئة الكثافة جدا وحصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في مستوى البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وكذلك حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في المعايير المذكورة اعلاه وارتفاع في البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . وحصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في فعالية الانزيمات الكبدية ALT, AST وALp والبلروبين لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وحصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في فعالية الانزيمات اعلاه في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05)في مستوى البروتين الكلي والالبومين والكلوبيولين لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وحصول ارتفاع معنوي(P< 0.05) في في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . اشارت نتائج الدراسة النسجية للكبد حصول تغير نسجي للكبد في حالة ارتفاع السكر بالدم تمثل بحصول توسع بسيط بالجيبانيات ،واحتقان دموي مع حدوث تنخر للخلايا الكبدية ونزف فيها ، وظهور مناطق التهابية عدة واستسقاء مائي وبعد معاملة المجموعة المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للخلايا الكبدية . اشارت نتائج الدارسة النسجية للكلية حصول تغير نسيجي فيها في حالة ارتفاع الكلوكوز بالدم والمتمثل بخروج الانوية من الكبيبة الكلوية وتجمعها في اماكن متفرقة خارج الكبيبة وكذلك وجود نزف وتحطم في جدران الكبيبة والاوعية الدموية الموجودة ضمنها وتحطم واضح للقشرة الكلوية وعند معالجة الحيوانات المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للكلية . اشارت نتائج الدارسة النسجية للبنكرياس حصول تغير في التركيب النسيجي للبنكرياس في حالة الاصابة بالسكري نتيجة الحقن بمادة الالوكسان تتمثل بوجود النزف الحاد في جميع مناطقها وحصول توسع وتحطم في الخلايا وعدم انتظام اشكالها وانحلال الانوية وخروجها من اماكنها الصحيحة ولكن عند معالجة الحيوانات المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للبنكرياس.وقد سجلت النتائج جميعا بشكل عام تاثيرا افضل للمستخلص النباتي لبذور الليمون الحامض قياسا بدرنات السعد والدرنات افضل من العقار في تخفيض سكر الدم اضافة الى تحسين الاضطرابات الايضية المتسببة عن داء السكري المستحدث بعقار الالوكسان . | Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to a defect in Insulin secretion from the pancreas, insulin action or both, with disturbances in (carbohydrates, lipid and protein) metabolic due to a defect in Insulin secretion, Insulin action or both. This disease is a serious and growing threat to the lives of many people , it isthe main problem which cause death to millions,The medical plants have important impact on human health as an important source of many medicines and medical products. The medical advantage of these plants lies in their ability to produce many of the characteristics that the pharmaceutical intervention have as a primary material or contributing factors in the pharmaceutical industry chemical compounds. The frequent use of herbs (medical plants) at the present time as alternative medicine, as came in this study.This study was conducted at the Faculty of Education /University of Kufa during the period from2/10/ 2014 to 30/5/ 2015. The study included the preparation of aqueous extractsofCitrus lemonseeds and Cyperus rotundus tuber. Also the study includedthe use ofaqueous extractsofCitrus lemon at concentration (500) mg/kg andCyperus rotundus at concentration (750) mg/kgineach dosageaccording to the body weight of the albino rats (Ratus ratus). The study includes (42) white malerats divided into seven groups with six rat in each group and they were injected according to their weight in the following way : the first group was orally dosed with physiological saline and it was considered as a control(negative), the second group was injected with alloxan (1ml.) and were considered as infected control group (positive). The third group were also dosed orally with decocted extract of citrus lemon seeds in (500mg/kg). The fourth group was dosed orally with decocted extract of Cyperus rotundus (750mg/kg) concentration. The fifth group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with decocted extract of citrus lemon seeds in (500mg/kg) concentration. The sixth group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with decocted extract of Cyperus rotundus (750mg/kg) concentration. The seventh group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with Glimepiride with (0.1) concentration. The dosing continued for 30 days.  A significant decrease (P< 0.05) was shown in total body weight and organ weight such as pancreas, liver and kidney in uninfected control(Negative) when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds ad Cyperusrotundus tuber respectively, also,the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, we alsofound a significant increase (P< 0.05) in the above criteria in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with the positive control group.  A significant decrease (P< 0.05) was shown in the total WBC and RBC count , and the hemoglobin concentration platelets in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively, also the group was treat with Amyral and the group that were injected with alloxan and that which was treated with hot aqueous extracts of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, also a significant increase (P< 0.05) was shown in the above criteriain diabeticanimalsgroup compared with healthy control group, we also found a significant increase (P< 0.05) was shown in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with positive control group.  A significant increase (P< 0.05) was clear in the levels of glucose , total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein , very low density lipoprotein and a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in high density lipoprotein in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively.Also the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds ad Cyperusrotundus tuber, a significant decrease (P< 0.05) was clear in the above criteria and significant increasein high density lipoprotein in diabeticanimalsshown in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with the positive control group.  A significant increase (P< 0.05) the effectiveness of hepatic enzymes(ALT , AST ,ALP, Bilirubin) in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively, also the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, also a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in the effectiveness of hepatic enzymes in diabeticanimals, a significant decrease (P< 0.05). The effectiveness of the above enzymes in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extract when compared with the positive control group.  The presented histological study of the liver refers to the histological changes in the liver in the state of hyperglycemia that is represented by the expansion of sinusoid, blood accumulation, necrosis and bleeding in hepatocyte, presence of many inflammation areas, watery dropsically but when treating diabetic animals by aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon andCyperusrotundus), it wasnoted thatthey returned back to the normal shape of hepatocyte. The histological study of the kidneyrefers to the occurring of the histological changes in the kidney in the state of hyperglycemia that were represented by getting out the nucleus from glomerulous and aggregation in many area out theglomeruli, also, the bleeding or the destruction of glomerulous wall with blood vessels, the present distraction in kidney cortex but when treating diabetic animals with aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon and Cyperusrotundus), it was noted that it returned back to the normal shape of kidney. The histological study of the pancreasrefers to the occurring of the histological changes in infected diabetic animals by (alloxan) which represented an acute bleeding in all regions, destruction and expansion in kidney cells, abnormal shape, nucleus degenerative and leaving the true area but when treating diabetic animals with aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon and Cyperusrotundus), it was noted that it returned back to the normal shape ofpancreas.In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the Citrus limonseeds and Cyperus rotundus tuberextracts gave good results, even better than the reference drug Amyral for loweringbloodsugar, in addition to improvingmetabolic disorderscaused byalloxan induced-diabetes

دراسة لتكوين الغشاء الحيوي لبكتريا Escherichia coli وProteus mirabilis المعزلة من اصابات المسالك البولية في محافظة النجف الاشرف == Study of Biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis isolated from urinary tract infection in AL - Najaf Al - Ashraf governorate

Author name: رسل عيدان محسن
Supervisor name: سهام جاسم محسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of this study is to inferring the ability of biofilm production and virulence factors which has helped to form it into two types of bacteria P.mirabilis and E.coli. Two hundred and fifty samples have been collected from patients who are suffering Urinary tract infection (UTI) in Teaching Hospital at Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf during the period ( 1/10/2014 - 1/1/ 2015). The samples have has identified by diagnostic methods : culturing , microscopic , biochemical and using VITEK - 2 compact system more sensitively and specifically method.The results have been showed that the isolation ratio was 30 (37.5%) of E.coli, while P.mirabilis was 14(17.5%) also, a five isolates (6.5%) wereEnterobacter cloacae ssp cloacae and only two isolates (2.5%) were Raoultella ornithinolytica from the total number of specimens. The virulence factors and antibiotic sensitivity test of two bacteria : P.mirabilis and E.coli were determined and the more virulence and multidrug resistance were selected.The hemagglutination properties of P.mirabilis which isolated from clinical samples were determined , the reaction with red blood cells of human group O+ was explored. The ratio of Hemagglutination was reached 42.86%, 50%, 7.14% to MSHA, MRHA and NOHA respectively. However, E.coli has been a different results that was reached 30 % , 26.67% and 43.33% from type MSHA, MRHA and NOHA as well. On the other hand, the thin - film production (pellicle) has been formed by 13 isolates of bacteria P.mirabilis and 21 isolates of bacteria E.coli, when it was growth on the nutrient broth in a temperature 37˚C for 24 - 18 hours. Moreover, it has been shown that there is high affinity for adhesion with the epithelium cell in the urinary tract. In addition, the E.coli has proved the higher efficiency than P.mirabilis in adhesion. It was detected ability of bacteria to biofilm production in three methods. The bacteria E.coli have showed their ability on biofilm production where by the rate was (43.3, 52 and60)% on the different growth ways which was the Congo Red, the tube and the plate respectively.The gel electrophoresis has been done on all isolates which was to analyzed on adhesive factors genetically whereby the bacteria P.mirabilis, E.coli have shown ability to gene expression (fimH and afaB) with a rate of (42.86 and 28.57)% and (30 and 20)%, respectively.Also, it has been clarified that the antibiotics ( Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin and Ceftazidime) have an effect on the most virulent bacteria to prevent the formation of biofilm when it is taken a half of minimum inhibitory concentrations. It was found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations were the most efficient in the prevent a biofilm formation in both types of bacteria.It appears to be found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these antibiotics were the most efficient in the prevent the formation of biofilm in both types of bacteria. Ciprofloxacin has the high efficiency to prevent the biofilm formation in E.coli while this concentration has no effective on biofilm production from others. It has been found that there is a clear positive relationship between the presence of adhesion gene (fimH , afaB) and the ability to adhesion on the epithelial .The conjugation process was conducted successfully to transfer the adhesion genes between (E.coli and P.mirabilis) which have been considered a donor strains to transfer the genes to the standard strain E.coli HB101 which have been considered a receipt strains whereby have shown ability to adhesion and biofilm formation.

المنقــذ فـي الاديان : دراسة تاريخية مقارنة == Savior in Religions A comparative Historical study

Author name: نور ناجح حسين
Supervisor name: هادي عبد النبي محمد التميمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allah, Lord of world, prayer and peace be upon the most honorable creature prophet Mohammed and his pure progeny….His Almighty God created Man, preferred him amongst other creatures by making angels prostrate themselves before him, then sent him to Earth to test his rank; either to be satisfied with what God had chosen for him or to follow his wishes and desires. His Almighty God granted Man a reason or mind to guide him for the right path, yet his soul tempts him for the other path, so he has an interior balance. Satan had envied Man, promised to tempt and seduce all people, save the loyal worshipers of God, so there are two enemies for Man : - his soul and Satan. His Almighty God granted Man is the protector of Man, again, granted him a method, carried by the good people, so there are two supporters for Man : - his reason and the infallible person, represented by the prophets and the Divine caliphs. Hence the conflict between Man and Satan, soul and reason and falsehood, had imitated since the first day for Adam on Earth. All good and weak people are waiting for the day in which right and justice prevail everywhere. The idea of the savior is a natural one for everyone, the most Merciful had promised his appearance in all the heavenly books and preached for him by all His missions, prophets and messengers. This study is to exhibit the character of this savior in the Islamic thought and in the heavenly books, attempting to recognize his character; is he exist or he would be exist?This belief or doctrine is widely exist in all religions which agreed upon the idea of the savor and here lies the importance of this study which attempts to recognize the idea of savior of each heavenly or earthly religion in an objective, comparative and historical study.The study includes three chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion with a bibliography. The first chapter includes three topics to show the meaning of savior in linguistics and tradition in different language, the Qur&#39;anic texts that deal with this term in its different derivations and the term in the light of the holy prophetic traditions, respectively. The descriptive analytic method had been followed in this chapter.The second chapter exhibits the idea of Savior in the three heavenly religions chronically, that is to say starting with this doctrine in the Judaism, Christianity and Islam within three topics while the fourth topic compares the concept of savior in these three religions following the comparative historical method.The concept of savior in the positive religions is the subject of the third chapter which deals with it chronically within three topics : - Savior in Zoroastrianism, Indian and Buddhism, respectively, while the fourth topic compares the concept of savior in these three positive religions following the comparative historical method.The study concludes a number of important results that could be summarized as following : - The texts of the holy Qur&#39;an and prophetic tradition make Muslims different from other in this field of study as these texts are a very important factor for the right understanding and concluding the right conclusions that could not be mistake. Muslims agreed that the origin of the Mahdawy idea comes from the issue of Imamate; the twelfth Imam Al - Mahdy is the savior for the Ithny Ashery doctrine, while in the other doctrines it is a pure futuristic issue

دور المعلومات المحاسبية في صياغة انموذج ضريبة التلوث البيئي في القطاع الصناعي == The role of accounting information in the formulation a model for environmental pollution tax In industrial sector

Author name: سجى ناجح كريم
Supervisor name: عقيل حمزة الحسناوي
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • معلومات المحاسبية
  • ضريبة التلوث البيئي, القطاع الصناعي
  • الوقود الاحفوري
First pages:
Abstract: تعد ضريبة التلوث البيئي احدى اهم الادوات التي تهدف الى مواجهه التلوث البيئي في القطاع الصناعي, وعلى الرغم من الاهتمام المتزايد بموضوعات البيئة وازدياد الدراسات العلمية بهذا الشان غير انه لا تزال هنالك صعوبات في الافادة من المعلومات المحاسبية في فرض هذه الضريبة لذا تهدف هذه الدراسة الى بيان دور المعلومات المحاسبية في صياغة انموذج مقترح لضريبة التلوث البيئي في العراق تطبق على الشركات الصناعية ذات الحساسية البيئية او الملوثة للبيئة. ولتحقيق هدف البحث تم اعتماد شركة الواحة للمشروبات الغازية / بابل كحالة دراسية لتطبيق الانموذج المقترح, وتم اعتماد بيانات سنة 2016 كاساس لاحتساب الضريبة. وقد خلصت الدراسة الى صياغة انموذج للضريبة يقوم على فرض ضريبة على ستة انواع من التلوث البيئي في القطاع الصناعي واعداد قوائم مالية معدلة بيئيا. وكانت اهم الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث تحديد الاهمية الكبيرة للمعلومات المحاسبية للافصاح البيئي في القوائم المالية مما يساعد وبشكل كبير جدا على القياس الكمي للضريبة, وبالتالي معرفة نوع الضريبة التي ينبغي فرضها ومبلغ الضريبة علما ان التلوث البيئي الناشئ عن الشركة عينة البحث يتمثل بتلوث الهواء لاحتراق نوعين من الوقود وهما الكاز والنفط, وتلوث الماء الناتج عن تصريف المخلفات السائلة وتلوث التربة بسبب طمر المخلفات الصلبة فضلا عن التلوث اشعاعي الناتج من وجود عدد من الاجهزة التي تولد نشاط اشعاعيا. كما بينت نتائج الدراسة ان دور المعلومات المحاسبية في صياغة وتطبيق الضريبة على التلوث البيئي يتجسد في اعداد قوائم مالية معدلة بيئيا وفق معايير الاستدامة وهو ما يدعي بجانب الافصاح عن المعلومات البيئية. كما تم منح تنزيلات ضريبية يتم اقتطاعها من مبلغ الضريبة الاجمالي وحسب نسب اقترحتها الباحثة في حالة التزام المنشاة بواجبها اتجاه حماية البيئة من التلوث الناتج عن انشطتها. واخيرا يوصي البحث بضرورة الزام الشركات الصناعية بالافصاح عن المعلومات المتعلقة بانشطتها البيئية التي تتطلبها عملية فرض ضريبة التلوث البيئي مما يساعد في تقليل الاضرار البيئية الناشئة عن المشاريع الصناعية. | Environmental pollution tax is one of the most important tools aimed at combating environmental pollution in the industrial sector. Despite the increasing interest in environmental issues and increasing scientific studies in this regard, there are still difficulties in benefiting from accounting information in imposing this tax. Accounting information for the formulation of a proposed model for environmental pollution tax in Iraq applied to industrial companies that are environmentally sensitive or polluted to the environment. To achieve this objective, Al Waha Soft Drinks Company / Babel was adopted as a case study to implement the proposed model and the 2016 data were adopted as a basis for calculating the tax. The study concluded with the formulation of a tax model based on taxing six kinds of environmental pollution in the industrial sector and also preparing environmentally modified financial statements. The most important conclusions of the study are the importance of accounting information for environmental disclosure in the financial statements, which greatly helps to quantify the tax and thus know the type of tax to be imposed and the amount of tax and also that the environmental pollution arising from the company sample research is the air pollution of the combustion of two types of Fuel, kerosene and oil, pollution of water resulting from the discharge of liquid waste, as well as soil pollution due to the dumping of solid waste and radioactive contamination of a number of devices that generate radiation activity.The results of the study also showed that the role of accounting information in the formulation and application of the tax on environmental pollution is reflected in the preparation of environmentally adjusted financial statements according to the criteria of sustainability, which is claimed in addition to the disclosure of environmental information. Tax deductions were also deducted from the total tax amount and according to the percentages proposed by the researcher in case the company is committed to its duty to protect the environment from pollution resulting from its activities. Finally, the research recommends the necessity of obligating industrial companies to disclose information related to their environmental activities, which are required by the process of environmental pollution tax, which helps to reduce the environmental damage resulting from industrial projects

الافصاح عن المعلومات البيئية في التقارير المالية على وفق معايير المحاسبة الدولية : دراسة تطبيقية في عينة من الشركات الصناعية العراقية == The Disclosure of Environmental Information in the Financial Reports Under the International Accounting Standards

Author name: زينب عزيز باصي عبود
Supervisor name: اسماء مهدي حسين الهاشمي | عقيل حمزة حبيب
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى تحديد متطلبات القياس والافصاح عن المعلومات البيئية في التقارير المالية في ظل معايير المحاسبة الدولية فضلا عن دراسة وتحديد درجة وطبيعة الافصاح عن المعلومات البيئية في التقارير المالية لشركات العينة. ولاهمية المعلومات البيئية في اتخاذ القرارات الخاصة بوضع الخطط والاهداف ورسم السياسات التي تهدف الى حماية واستدامة البيئة باعتبارها تمثل الوعاء الشامل لعناصر الثروة الطبيعية تم بناء انموذج مقترح مناسب للافصاح البيئي لقياس التاثيرات البيئية في الشركات الصناعية العراقية عينة الدراسة. وذلك بالاعتماد على المعلومات المعلنة في التقارير السنوية لشركات العينة والتي تتضمن 21 شركة صناعية مسجلة في سوق العراق للاوراق المالية ولمدة 4 سنوات بين 2010 الى 2013. وقد تم اختيارها لما لها من تاثير سلبي كبير على البيئة عن طريق طرحها العديد من الملوثات المضرة بيئيا , وذلك باستخدام اسلوب تحليل المحتوى Content Analysis الذي سيكون اداة القياس الاساسية للبحث، حيث سيتم اعداد مقياس الافصاح باستخدام هذا الاسلوب وبطريقة مشابهه لمقياس Wiseman, 1982الذي يتضمن 18 محور للافصاح البيئي ضمن 6 محاور رئيسية تغطي جميع اوجه الاداء البيئي للشركة.بينت نتائج الدراسة ان الافصاح في شركات العينة مقيد بما يفرضه النظام المحاسبي الموحد بما يتعلق بالافصاح عن الوقود او مخلفات الانتاج, اذ لم تاخذ تطبيقات المحاسبة البيئية في الشركات الصناعية العراقية الاهتمام الكافي، وهذا ياتي نتيجة قلة ادراك الشركات الصناعية وضعف اسهامها بالمسؤوليات الواجب ان تتحملها في مجال حماية البيئة والمجتمع. ويوصي البحث الى اعتماد الانموذج المقترح للافصاح البيئي للتطبيق العملي في شركات العينة في ظل معايير المحاسبة الدولية لقياس مستوى الافصاح البيئي والذي يشمل اقتراح توسيع دليل الحسابات للنظام المحاسبي الموحد ليتضمن حسابات جديده تشمل ((الموجودات البيئية (المطلوبات البيئية (201)، المصروفات البيئية (301) والايرادات البيئية (401)). | The study aims to identify the measure and disclosure requirements of environmental information in the annual reports under IASs as well as examining the degree and nature of information disclosed in the annual reports of the sample companies. Due to the importance of environmental information in decision making regarding planning and drawing environmental objectives and policies to protect and support the environmental sustainability this study formulated an environmental disclosure model to measure the environmental effects of sample companies. The primary data were extracted from the annual reports of a sample consists of 21 manufacturing companies listed in the Iraq stock market covering 4 years from 2010 t0 2013. The sample companies were chosen from environmentally sensitive industries such as mental, or chemicals. To measure the degree of environmental disclosure an index containing 18 items with 6 different sections has been created to cover all aspects of environmental performance of the companies.The results indicate the environmental information disclosed by the sample companies are restricted and limited to the outputs of the uniform accounting system that generate accounts for energy consumption and inventory of wastes. The applications of environmental accounting have not received enough attention by Iraqi manufacturing companies because of the lack the culture of environmental protection in a business Iraqi environment. The results of this study present a theoretical framework to understand the nature of environmental accounting and reporting by providing a detailed overview of environmental accounting. In addition, the study suggests an environmental disclosure model applicable in Iraqi manufacturing companies under IASs to measure the environmental performance, including expanding the chart of accounting in uniform accounting system to contain new accounting codes are 101 - environmental assets, 201 - environmental liabilities, 301 - environmental expenses, and 401 - environmental revenues.

دور تقنية التكاليف على اساس النشاط في تطبيق بطاقة العلامات المتوازنة : دراسة تطبيقية في معمل سمنت الكوفة == Role of Activity based Costing Technique in application of Balanced Scorecard Applied study in Kufa Cement Factory

Author name: غزوان محمد راهي الحدراوي
Supervisor name: اسماء مهدي حسين الهاشمي
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تعد عملية قياس الاداء احدى المهام التي تمارسها الادارات التنفيذية لغرض التاكد من فاعلية الاداء وكفايته في استخدام الموارد الاقتصادية. وبالنظر للتغيرات السريعة والمستمرة والتعقيدات في بيئة الاعمال المعاصرة الداخلية والخارجية واتساع نطاق المنافسة الشديدة شخصت الحاجة الى ايجاد اساليب وادوات جديدة تساعد في تحقيق الغرض من العملية المذكورة. تهدف الدراسة الى بيان دور نظام التكاليف على اساس الانشطة في تقويم الاداء الاستراتيجي باستعمال بطاقة العلامات المتوازنة.اما عن اداة الدراسة فقد اعتمد الباحث على تحليل بيانات المعمل عينة البحث من اجل تطبيق خطوات نظام التكاليف على اساس النشاط تمهيدا لتقويم الاداء الاستراتيجي.وقد توصل البحث الى جملة من الاستنتاجات لعل اهمها ما يفيد ان استعمال المعلومات المالية والتشغيلية لنظام التكاليف على اساس الانشطة من شانه ان يساهم في تطبيق بطاقة العلامات المتوازنة. كما ان تطبيق نظام التكاليف مع بطاقة العلامات المتوازنة من شانه ان يساهم في توجيه نظر الادارة العليا ومساعدتها على حل المشاكل التي يمكن بيانها بصورة مفصلة بالمناظير الاربعة لبطاقة العلامات المتوازنة وتطوير الرؤية الاستراتيجية وتحسين كفاءة الانشطة وفاعليتها.وقد خلصت الدراسة الى مجموعة من التوصيات اهمها ما يؤكد على اهمية تطوير نظم محاسبة التكاليف والادارية ومحاولة تطبيقها في معمل اسمنت الكوفة، لتوفير المعلومات اللازمة لدعم القدرة التنافسية فضلا عن تحسين قيمة المنتج. | Performance measurement is one of the functions performed by management to ascertaining from performance effectiveness and its efficiency in the use of economic resources, and with regard to the rapid and continuous changes and complexities in the modern internal and external business environment and wide competition, the need to find new methods and tools is identified to help achieve the purpose of the process mentioned. The objective of the study is to demonstrate the role of the activity based costing in evaluating strategic performance using the Balanced Scorecard.As for the tool of the study, the researcher analyzed the data of the factory; the sample research in order to implement the steps of the activity based costing in preparation for the evaluation of strategic performance.The research has rea0ched a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the use of financial and operational information for the activity - based costing would contribute to the application of the balanced scorecard. As well as the implementation of the activity - based costing with the balanced scorecard will contribute to the attention of the senior management and help them solve the problems that can be described in detail in the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard and develop the strategic vision and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the activities.The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which emphasizes the importance of developing cost and administrative accounting systems and trying to apply them in the Kufa Cement Factory to provide the necessary information to support competitiveness as well as to improve the value of the product.

ظواهر البيان العربي عند المفسرين من القرن الرابع حتى نهاية القرن السادس الهجري == Arabic Eloquence phenomena Of Explainers from the forth till the sixth century of al Higra

Author name: امل حسين حسن الخاقاني
Supervisor name: محمد حسين علي الصغير
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The explainers have pave of the way for the Quranic studies as they were the first to tackle this eloquent text which is hard to be explained and analyzed first in revealing it, meaning and second in showing it's historical method This thesis is dedicated to receal the rhetoric phenomena of the explainers (from the forth century till the end of the sixth century of Higra) for the effect of this period in founding these phenomena on one hand and orienting them on the after. So, it's devided into a preface and four chapters. The preface revealed (the concept of the Arabic rhetoric among the explainers and the grammarians) and also showing (the Arabic rhetoric phenomena in the Quranic studies books and elogence), as for the chapters, the first dealt with (the truth and metaphor of the explainers) revealing their role in achieving all kinds, divisions and various relation of the metaphor while the second chapter tackle (simile of explainers) and showing their care of its tools and types in addition to defining the feature of Quranic simile as being a combination of images. The third chapter dealt with (metaphor of the ecplanier) and defining its terminological meaning as being based on the similarity relation ans also defining types of metaphor within the Quranic context. As for the forth chapter it dealt with (the writing and its features of the ecplainers) and defining its terminological meaning based on the stules of writing and method of expressing it as symbol, sign and waving and revealing the intention of intimation which participates in showing the rhetoric of the Quranic text, and its features of inimatibility of holy Quran the explainers in all of these chapters were rhetorical in dealing with the text of holy quran and also expended critics of it their rhetorical attitudes and their metaphoric signal reprints as serous stop in the development of the studies of the quranic rhetoric and the researches of inimitation for their great analytical ability and taste which led to the assumption that the quranic methods was nothing less than americal for being unique invites style and verse

تحضير وتشخيص معقدات بعض العناصر الانتقالية مع ليكاندي ثايوسيميكاربازون جديدتين == Synthesis and Characterization of Some Transition Metal Complexes with Two New Thiosemicarbazone Ligands

Author name: ميثاق سعيد محمد
Supervisor name: عبد الله محمد علي حبيبان
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن البحث تحضير ليكاندين جديدتين من قواعد شف وذلك بتكاثف الثايوسيميكابازايد مع البنزوين واحدى معوضات الاسيتوفينون التي اعطت الليكاندين الاتيين. 1. بنزوين ثايوسيميكاربازون (L1 = BnTSC).2. بارا - بروبانال اسيتوفنيدين ثايوسيميكاربازون (L2 = p - PrAPTSC). شخصت اليكاندين بالطرائق الطيفية المتاحة باستعمال الاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية والاشعة تحت الحمراء وقياس درجة الانصهار وكذلك التحليل العنصري الدقيق للعناصر. لقد استعملت هاتان الليكاندان في تحضير اثنا عشر معقد كيليتي جديد لكل من ايونات الكوبلت والنيكل والنحاس والخارصين والكادميوم والزئبق الثنائية التكافؤ وقد حضرت هذه المعقدات بعد تثبيت الظروف الفضلى من تركيز مولاري ونسبة مولية وذلك من دراسة اطياف الاشعة فوق البنفســجية - المرئية لمحاليـــل مزج هذه الايونات مع محاليل الليكاندين (BnTSC) و(p - PrAPTSC) كل على حده. شخصت المعقدات الصلبة بعد عزلها طيفيا بوساطة الوسائل الطيفية المتاحة كاطياف (UV - Vis) والاشعة تحت الحمراء (IR). وقد اظهرت محاليلها في الايثانول ازاحة حمراء مقارنة مع محاليل الليكاندين. وعند مقارنة اطياف الـ (IR) لهذه المعقدات مع اطياف الليكاندين الحرة فقد لوحظ تغيرات واضحة اذ اظهرت حزما جديدة لم تكن موجودة اصلا في اطياف الليكاندين في حين عانت حزم اخرى من تغيرات واضحة في الشكل والشدة والموقع وقد يعود السبب في ذلك الى حصول عملية التناسق بين الايونات الفلزية والليكاندين ، تبين منها ان الليكاند (BnTSC) سلكت كليكاند ثلاثية المخلب في حين سلكت (p - PrAPTSC) كليكاند ثنائية المخلب. وبينت نتائج التحليل الدقيق للعناصر (C.H.N) وحساب النسبة المئوية للايونات الفلزية في معقداتها توافقا كبيرا بين النسب المحسوبة نظريا وتلك النتائج المستحصلة عمليا. مما اعطى دعما للصيغ الجزيئية المقترحة. وقد تم استغلال نتائج قياسات (UV - Vis) لحساب النسبة المولية في تعيين ثوابت التكوين (الاستقرار) لهذه المعقدات. في حين استعملت التقنية المذكورة نفسها لمعرفة مدى استقرار المعقدات في محاليلها وبمرور الزمن. وبينت دراسة التوصيلية الكهربائية المولارية لمحاليل المعقدات المحضرة في هذا البحث في مذيبي ثنائي مثيل اوكسيد الكبريت وثنائي مثيل فوماميد وعند التركيز (1×10 - 3) مولاري وفي درجة حرارة المختبر بانعدام الصفة الايونية لهذه المحاليل. اما قياسات الحساسية المغناطيسية للمعقدات فقد بينت ان معقدات الكوبلت (II) والنحاس (II) ولكلا الليكاندين مضافا لمعقد النيكل (II) لليكاند (BnTSC) فانها تمتلك صفات بارامغناطيسية في حين اتصفت بقية المعقدات الكيليتية موضوع الدراسة بالدايامغناطيسية. من كل ما تقدم من نتائج مستحصلة التي تم التوصل اليها فقد تم اقتراح الاشكال الفراغية للمعقدات. | The research includes preparation of two new Schiff bases ligands drived from condensation reaction of thiosemicarbazide with benzoin and substituted acetophenone to give the following ligands : 1. Benzoin thiosemicarbazone (BnTSC = L1). 2. p - propanal acetopheneden thiosemicarbazone (p - PrAPTSC = L2). The identity of these ligands have been characterized by spectral methods (UV - Vis, IR) and another physical properties (m.p.) and elemental analysis. Twelve chelate complexes of two ligands with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) were prepared and characterized after fixing the optimum conditions of molar concentration and mole ratio using (UV - Vis) technique of mixed solutions of the above ions with (BnTSC) and (p - PrAPTSC ). Electronic spectra of prepared complexes in ethanolic solution showed batho chromic Shift compared with that of free ligands. Thr IR, spectra (using KBr disc) of these complexes showed some charges compared to those of free ligands. New bards were observed indicating that the ligand (BnTSC) is coordinated to the metal ion as atridentate ligand while the other ligand (p - PrAPTSC) coordinated as abidentate ligand. Micro elemental analysis for all complexes were made, the percentage of metal ions were determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Good agreement was obtained between the found and calculated values. The stability of the complexes in solution were tested by evaluation of (stability formation constants) by electronic spectrum. In addition to determined the stability of there complexes at different time. Conductivity measurement for (DMSO) and (DMF) solutions at (1×10 - 3M) has shown non ionic character for all chelate complexes. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes of both ligands and Ni(II) chelate complex with (BnTSC) show that they are paramagnetic, but the rest complexes show diamagnetic properties. Finally from the observations the geometric structure of the synthesized complexes were suggested

استخلاص نقطة الغيمة بالازدواج مع طريقة طيفية لاستخلاص وتقدير النيكل (??) والكوبلت (??) والبزموث (?I?) في نماذج مختلفة باستعمال مشتقي ازو مناسبين == Cloud point extraction coupled with spectroscopic method for separation, extraction and determination of Nickel( ?? ) , Cobalt( ?? ) and Bismuth ( I?? ) in different samples by use of suitable Azo - derivatives

Author name: احمد صادق عبد هاشم الحمادي
Supervisor name: شوكت كاظم جواد
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Analytical Biochemistry
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Cloud point extraction methodology was used for separation, preconcentration and extraction cations for Bismuth(III) , Nickel(II) , Cobalt(II) as ion association complexes by two new laboratory prepared azo derivatives as complexing agents which are MIBSHA and AADAD as well as these new organic complexing agents studied spectrophotometricaly by UV - Vis spectroscopy and IR specrtrophotometry to confirm their structures and for the separation, preconcentration and extraction of the elements in this study which was performed as follows : 1 - Bismuth(III) Studies : At the beginning an experiment was conducted to determine the wave length of ion association complex of bismuth ion Bi(III) with new laboratory prepared complexing agent MIBSHA by UV - Vis, spectroscopy and the spectrum showed λmax=550nm. Under optimum conditions of extraction Bi(III), the study showed that pHex=9 was more stable for extraction and gave higher efficiency because at this acidic function, there exists the best coordination bounding between Bi(III) and MIBSHA in presence of 40 μg of Bi(III) as optimum concentration giving favorites thermodynamic equilibrium for complex formation and this method of extraction depends on using Non - ionic surfactant 1% Tritonx - 100. And experimental study showed that 0.5ml of this surfactant suitable for forming Cloud point layer (CPL) with higher density and smaller volume to give the best extraction efficiency for Bi(III) with high absorbance and distribution ratio (D). The extraction efficiency also increased with increasing MIBSHA concentration as linear relation because any increasing in MIBSHA concentration is mean increasing in ion pair complex concentration and suitability so increasing in the thermodynamic equilibrium partition to the CPL. And this reflects the sensitivity of new complexing agent MIBSHA in coordination binding and ion pair complex formation in addition to extraction CPE methodology which depends on heating. The experimental study shows that the optimum temperature of heating was (90°C) that gives higher extraction efficiency because it allow to reached the best thermodynamic equilibrium in Cloud point layer formation with good dehydration, as well thermodynamic data was ΔHex=0.145KJ mol - 1, ΔGex= - 73.786KJmol - 1and ΔSex=203.669Jmol - 1K - 1 whereas the low value of enthalpy for Demonstrate extraction to approach another ion of ion pair association complex, also the extraction method is entropic region, and the experimental study about the effect heating time was 20min was the optimum heating time which gives the higher extraction efficiency with high absorbance and distribution ratio D, as this time of heating helps to reach the optimum thermodynamic equilibrium of Cloud point layer formation CPLwith higher dehydration from other hand time of heating indicate the quantity of heat which162is help to dominate on the moving of micelles inside formation cloud point layer CPL with good properties of extraction. Stoichiometric study by using four spectrophotometric methods and the study revealed that the more probable structure of ion pair complex of Bismuth ion Bi(III) extracted was [1 : 1]+ anion [Bi(MIBSHA)]2+;2No3 - experimented study about synergism effect by using Tri butyl phosphate (TBP) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) show that the extraction efficiency for bismuth ion Bi(III) increased with the presence of TBP or MIBK in aqueous solution by the effect of TBP and MIBK participation in the complex formation of Bi(III) also the experiments showed that there is one molecule of TBP or MIBK enters in the structure of ion pair complex of Bi(III) as [Bi(MIBSHA)(TBP)]2+;2NO3 - ; [Bi(MIBSHA)(MIBK)]2+;2NO3 - and TBP or MIBK enter in the complex instead of water molecule in the hydration shell of Bi(III) and increase hydrophobicity of ion pair complex and increased rate of partitioning to the CPL. As well as this study involved experiments about interferences effects as well as electrolytes effect and these experiments illustrated interferences effect to decline extraction efficiency because these ions form ion pair complex with complexing agent MIBSHA , that means a decrease in complexing agent MIBSHA concentration to form ion pair complex with Bi(III) so that electrolytes affect by increasing extraction efficiency of Bi(III) by effect of increasing Dehydration and destroyed hydration shell of bismuth ion to increase the chances of binding with MIBSHA for more stable ion pair complex. Later, this method was used coupled with suitable spectrophotometric application in the separation and determination of bismuth (III) in different samples.2 - Studies about Nickel (II)For nickel ion Ni(II) extraction from aqueous solution as ion pair complex used new laboratory prepared complexing agent AADAD , the spectrophotometric study for ion pair complex on Ni(II extracted into CPL showed maximum absorbance peak at wave length λmax=585nm and through the experimental study to limit optimum conditions and effective parameters. The study demonstrated that the optimum pHex was (9) which gives the highest extraction efficiency for nickel ion Ni(II by use complexing agent AADAD, whereas at this pHex favorable binding was given to form ion pair complex of nickel ion Ni(II with high concentration and stability as well as the method CPE for extraction Ni(II needed 0.5ml of non - ionic surfactant 1% TritonX - 100 which is affected to reach favorable thermodynamic equilibrium for aggregation of micelles in the state CMC for CPL formation with good163properties for the ion pair complex extraction of Ni(II) as well this extraction efficiency appeared with the presence of 50μg Ni(II) in aqueous solution to reach the best thermodynamic equilibrium for ion pair complex formation. Increasing AADAD concentration showed the existence of linear relation with linear increase in absorbance and distribution ratio and linear increasing in concentration stability and partitioning to CPL ion pair complex of Ni(II whereas CPE methodology depends on the temperature of heating, the experiment showed that 80°C was the optimum temperature that gives the higher extraction efficiency of Ni(II with thermodynamic data ΔHex= 0.1126KJmol - 1 , ΔGex= - 58.19KJmol - 1 and ΔSex=165.16Jmol - 1K - 1 . These values prove that the ions of ion pair complex for Ni(II) extracted into CPL approached one another with a high gegree and the method of extraction was entropic in region. The experimental study about the effect of heating time showed that 15min was the best time of heating that allows to reach a higher extraction efficiency of CPE method. Time of heating indicates the kinetic side of extraction method as heating for 15min at 80°C gave the quantity of heating that hels to reach the favorable thermodynamic equilibrium for CPL formation stoichiometry showing the more probable structure of ion pair complex extracted for Ni(II) which was [Ni(AADAD)]+;No3 - but synergism effect study showed that by using TBP and MIBK showed increasing extraction efficiency of Ni(II) with the presence of TBP or MIBK in aqueous solution because substitution water in coordination shell of Ni(II) in ion pair complex and effect to increase hydrophobicity, stability and partitioning to CPL. Also, the study revealed that adding one molecule of TBP or MIBK in the structure of ion pair complex of Ni(II) such as [Ni(AADAD)(TBP)]+;NO3 - , [Ni(AADAD)(MIBK)]+;NO3 - . So the studies tackled the effect of interferences as cations and electrolytes on extraction efficiency, later on, we used this method in the extraction and spectrophotometric determination of Nickel (II) in different samples.3 - Studies about Cobalt (II)The experimental studies concerning the separation, preconcentration and extraction of cobalt(II) as ion association complex by using the same complexing agent used with nickel (II) AADAD according to Cloud point extraction methodology. The UV - Vis spectrophotometric studies about the ion association complex extracted showed that the maximum absorbance of the complex of wave length λmax=530nm. As well as the extraction method according to CPE method showed (pH=8) was the optimum acidic function for extraction giving the highest absorbance and distribution value D because this pHex the best164coordination bonding between cobalt ion Co(II) and complexing agent AADAD so that high partitioning of stable complex to cloud point layer CPL. Moreover, the experiments showed that 0.5ml of Non - ionic surfactant, very stable for giving higher extraction efficiency because this volume of surfactant helps to reach the favorable thermodynamic equilibrium of aggregation of micelles to form CPL with high density and small volume and the micelles in case one approaches the other with the best dehydration to be in high hydrophobicity with good partitioning of complex to CPL. And in this case giving higher extraction efficiency, also, this extraction efficiency obtained when 60μg of cobalt ion Co(II was in the aqueous solution to give the best thermodynamic equilibrium to formation high stability ion pair complex extracted into CPL quantitively effect of temperature study showed that 80°C was the best temperature of extraction according to CPE method because in this temperature the best CPL was formed by aggregation and using dehydration at CMC state happen good extraction as well as thermodynamic data for extraction Co(II) was ΔHex=0.1014KJmol - 1, ΔGex= - 60.658KJmol - 1, ΔSex=171.86Jmol - 1K - 1. These data showed from the small positive value of enthalpy of extraction , the ions of ion pair complex extraction when one approach another to increase stability of this complex as well the large positive value of entropy of extraction demonstrates the dependence of extraction according to CPE and entropy. Then this procedure being entropic in region. Time of heating as the experiment study showed is 15min and was stable to give higher extraction efficiency. Because heating the solution at fixed temperature and time mean the quantity of heating help kinetically to reach thermodynamic and kinetic equilibrium for formation CPL. Then giving higher extraction efficiency. Stoichiometry study revealed that the more probable structure of ion pair complex extracted was [Co(AADAD)]+;NO3 - . Synergism study show presence TBP or MIBK in aqueous solution effect to increase extraction efficiency of Co(II) according to CPE method. Because complexing agent AADAD was not able to saturated the coordination shell of Co(II) ion in complex formation then the empty coordination position and occupy with water molecule and decline extraction efficiency , but TBP or MIBK able to coordinate instead of water in coordination shell and increase extraction efficiency, as well the study showed one molecule of TBP or MIBK able to enter in complex formed such as [Co(AADAD)(TBP)]+;NO3 - or [Co(AADAD)(MIBK)]+;NO3 - . So that the studies involved the effect of interferences as cations and electrolytes on extraction efficiency , later we used this method for the extraction and spectrophotometric determination of cobalt (II) in different samples.

تحضير ودراسة الفعالية الحيوية لبعض مشتقات السلفايد والسلفون == Synthesis , Identification and Biological Activity for (Sulfide ,Sulfone) - Compounds

Author name: رشا نعمة حسين الجعباوي
Supervisor name: نغم محمود جواد الجمالي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Organic Chemistry
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Sulfone and Sulfide are important compounds due to their uses in industrial , artificial and pharmaceutical applications . They are characterized by their effectiveness against skin diseases and fungal what make them used as biologically important substances and preparatory studies have been extended to their derivatives. The research includes two sections : Section I : : contains preparing 19 compound which are (R1 - R19) in six parts : : - Part one : - includes preparing compound (R1) from the interaction of (Thio semicarbazide) with (Diethyl Terephthalate) interacting the resulted (R1) react with (10% Sodium hydroxide ) to prepare the compound (R2), interacting the resulted compound with (chloro ethyl acetate) to prepare the compound (R3) , and finally interacting the resulted compound with acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide to prepare compound (R4). Part two : - includes preparing compound (R5) by interacting compound (Sulfobenzoic anhydride) with (2 - amino - 5 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole) then the resulting interaction (R5) with( chloro ethyl acetate) to prepare the compound (R6) , and interacting the result with (acetic acid) and (hydrogen peroxide) to prepare compound (R7).Part three : - : includes preparing compounds (R8, R9, R10) by interacting (phenylene diamine) with (2 - mercapto acetic acid) to produce (R8) and reactance of this compound with Formaldehyde)) to form a compound (R9) and interacting the last compound (acetic acid) and (hydrogen peroxide) to prepare compound (R10). Part four : - includes interacting (2 - amino - 5 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol) with a compound formaldehyde)) to prepare the compound (R11) , interacting compound R11 and interacting the result with (Sulfobenzoic anhydride to produce compound (R12). Part five : - : includes preparing compounds (R13,R14, R15, R16) by interacting compound (Formaldehyde) with (2 - mercapto benzoic acid) to form (R13) , and interacting this result with ( Thio semicarbazide)) and (sodium hydroxide 10%) for the preparation of R14)), which through its interaction with (chloro ethyl acetate) is the preparation of the compound (R15 The oxidizing the resulted compound by (acetic acid) and (hydrogen peroxide) , gives (R16). Part six : - includes preparing compound (R17) by interacting( 2 - mercapto benzoic acid)) with(3 - chloro propanoyl chloride) and interacting the finally with (Thio semicarbazide) give (R18), which we can obtain011compound (R19) by interacting with (chloro ethyl acetate).All the prepared compounds have been following up the interactions enabled chromatography thin layer (TLC) for each prepared vehicles and characterized by (IR) spectrum NMR proton (1H.NMR), and a nice nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon (13C.NMR) and (C.H.N), and then measure the degree of fusion.Section II : This section includes the study of the biological inhibitory action to some of the prepared compounds on positive bacteria for dye Gram (Staphylococcus aureuse) and another negative bacteria for dye Gram (Escherichia Coli). All the compounds showed effect against both selected bacteria in the study.The Scheme below clarifies

تحضير مركبات الكبريت غير متجانسة الحلقة ودراسة الفعالية الحيوية لبعض منها == Synthesis Sulfur Heterocyclic Compounds and Study Biological Activity for Some its

Author name: انتصار عبيد سلمان الفتلاوي
Supervisor name: نغم محمود جواد الجمالي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Organic Chemistry
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • الثايازول، الثيادايازول
  • الثايازين
  • الثايادايازين
  • الثايازبين
  • الثيادايازبين
First pages:
Abstract: The compounds of heterocyclic that have the qualities of a great biological and pharmacological importance, where we see through the growing literature in Chemistry published research in this area significantly, so we decided to prepare new derivatives of them.In this study prepared (16) a new deriva????ve of sulfur heterocyclic compounds such as Thiazole, Thiadiazole Thiazine, Thiadiazine, Thiazepine and Thiadiazepine, and three other intermediate compounds to prepare Some of these derivatives, these compounds ((Five, Six and Seven - Membered Heterocycles))The research included two Section of study : The first section : included prepara????on (19) compounds (I1 - I19), by four parts : The first part : included preparation (I1) of benzil interaction with thiosemicarbazide and then the interaction of output with nitrous acid record spontaneously from mixing hydrochloric acid with sodium nitrite, to form a diazonium salt and then reactance this salt with (Acetyl acetone) to prepare azo compound (I2), and Then reactance output with thiourea, thiosemicarbazide, Thioacetamide and cysteine respectively for the preparation of compounds (I3 - I6).The second part : included reactance (diethyl terephthalate) with thiosemicarbazide, cysteine to prepare the compound (I7) and compound (I9), respectively, and then reactance outputs with Sulfobenzoic anhydride, thiosemicarbazide respectively to produce the compound (I8) and compound (I10), respectively. The third part : included reactance (1,3 - diphenylpropane - 1,3 - dione) with thiosemicarbazide to give the compound (I11) and then output reactance with benzaldehyde to give the compound (I12) and then output with reactance Sulfobenzoic anhydride to give the compound (I13). The fourth part : includes reactance (p - amino acetophenon)with nitrous acid record spontaneously from mixing hydrochloric acid with sodium nitrite, to form a salt of diazonium and then reactance this salt with diethyl mal Acetyl acetone to give compound (I14) and compound (I17), respectively, and then reactance thiosemicarbazide, benzaldehyde respectively, to give the compound (I15) and compound (I18), respectively, and then outputs reactance with Sulfobenzoic anhydride, thiourea to give compound (I16) and compound (I19), respectively. All interactions followed up by thin layer chromatography (TLC) for each prepared compounds and diagnosed by spectrum infrared (FT.IR) spectrum, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H.NMR), nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon (13C.NMR) and Elemental Analysis(C.H.N), and then measure the melting point. The second section : This section of the research included the study of the inhibitory action of the some of biological compounds against the gram - positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureuse) and gram - negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and all showed the effectiveness of the compounds against selected bacteria in the study type.

تحضير وتشخيص ليكاندات قواعد شيف مشتقة من الترفثالديهايد ودراسة معقداتها مع بعض العناصر الفلزية == Synthesis And Identification of Schiff Bases Ligands Derived From Terephthaldehyde And Studying Its Complexes With Some Metal Elements

Author name: علي محمود علي
Supervisor name: محمد حامد سعيد | حسن ثامر غانم
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis studies the synthesis of three new Schiff base ligand (L1 , L2 ,L3 ) derived from terephthaldehyde, the first ligand (L1) is produced by the reaction of terephthaldehyde with ortho - phenlenediamineat ( 1 : 2) molar ratio.The second ligand (L2) is produced by the reaction of terephthaldehyde with ortho - phenlenediamine at ( 2 : 1) molar ratio. The third ligand (L3) is produced by the reaction of terephthaldehyde with 2 - aminobenzothiazol at (1 : 1) molar ratio .These ligands are identified by using FT - IR and Uv - Vis spectroscopies,1H - NMR, massspectrometer and elemental analysis.These ligands are mixed with some metal chloride solutions Co(II), Ni (II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) by using absolute ethenolic solutions at (2 : 1) molar ratio to formtwelve complexes . These complexes are identified byanalytical andspectroscopic techniquessuch as elemental analysis andthe determination of the metalratio within its complex, recording infrared spectra,in addition to Uv - Vis by useing solvent DMSO (1x10 - 4M), the same solvent is used with molar conductance measurements for solutions of compounds at(1 x 10 - 3M)at room temperature, in addition to measuring the magnetic sensitivity of the complexes in solid state .This study has concluded that by using all the above techniques and experiments ,all these ligands' have acted as bidentate to form pentagonal and tetragonal metal cycles .Depending on the results of the study,octahedral structures of all the prepared ligands' complexes have been suggested.The following stereochemistriesreflect the complexes which are the subject of the study
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