Author name:
استبرق عبد الكريم كحطان البدران
Supervisor name:
ميعاد مهدي الجابري
Abstract:
This study was carried out to evaluate inoculation efficiency of different two kinds of Mycorrhizae fungi and mixed on effect soil structure and increasing the growth of Zea mays L. plants, grown in saline soil, which was reflected on fertilization of soil and reduction of to meet the need of some plant nutrients.It has been conducting the study.Which included test and propagate Mycorrhizal isolation ( Glomus mosseae and Glomus Spp.) obtained from Agricultural Research Office , Ministry of Science and Technology, using sandy loam soil, brought from Al - Zubair region, Basrah governovate. Soil was air - dried, grinded and sieved by 4mm diameter core sieve, and then autoclaved at atemperature of 121C and pressure of 15 P.Inch2 for 90 minutes to produce soil free of microorganism. Plastic Pots have 5 Kg.Soil for each one and inoculated with both Mycorrhiza and separately.100 gm. of inoculation was put 5Cm bereath the soil surface of the pots and 100 gm. Of inoculation was also added by mixing with soil surface. 10 seeds of Triticum aestivum L. class,Ebaa 99 were stirelized in 2% HgCl and 95% ethanol and sowed in these pots. Seedlings were thirned to seedlings and watered up to 75% of water holding capacity. After 90 days of germination, shoot was cut and left away, whereas the mixture of soil and root pieces were kept in side sterilized sacks and left in the refrigerator use as inoculation . Samples of these were tested under microscope to confirm infection of roots by Mycorrhiza using Acid fuchsin dye. Samples of soil were also tested to insure the presence of Spores using the method of wet sieving and decanting .The second experiment included testing soil samples which were collected randomly from 0 - 30cmdepthsoil of Ashafi region ,vallage of Eshnanah, Al - Qurna region, north of Basrah Governoate. Soil was air - dried, grinded and sieved by 4mm diameter core sieve. The soil was salined from 5 ds m - 1. To reach the saline levels of 10 and 20 ds m - 1.through washing with abalanced solution of 4 chemicals (MgSO4 , CaSO4.2H2O, NaCl and CaCl2.2H2O) until the balance level between the added saline solution and the drained water was reached. The plastic pots were filled with 5 Kg pot - 1 soil inoculated with isolated fungi, each fungi alone, and with both fungus as infected treatments and also control treatment ( without inoculation).50gm layers of Mycorrhiza were put death 5Cm bellow pot surface and 50gm of the same inoculation was mixed with soil surface. Control treatment was contained 50gm sterilized sand layered death 5Cm bellow the soil surface of the pot and 50gm of the same sand was mixed with soil surface layer.Experimental untis were supplied with chemical fertilizers as recommended to Zea mays L. plants , with the exception of phorphorus being added with three concentrations (0,60,120) Kg p ha - 1. 10 sterlized seeds of Zea mays L.,class Bhooth 106 were sowed in each pot , and then thinned to 5 seedlings pot - 1 a week after germination , with control treatment being sowed first to avoid contamination. Pots were irrigated with RO water throughout the experimental time in which pots were watered up to 70% of its water holding capacity. After 90 days of germination, shoot part of plant was cut from the soil surface Balsndan, Rooting part was cleaned and placed in a test tube containing Formalin acetic acid solution and kept till dying and examining under microscope.Determination were made on some growth parameters , such as, percentage of root infection, root length, dry weights of shoot and root growth, Protein and phosphorus up - take and mean weight diameter.Were obtained the following results : 1 - Inoculation by Mycorrhiza (G.mosseae , G.spp. alone and with amixture of both them increase on Percentage of root infection of plant Zea mays L.(88.88% , 64.44% , 77%) as compared with control treatment (18.11%) , inoculation by fungi Mycorrhiza theabove - mentioned significant increases on root length of plant Zea mays L. (39.23, 21.99 , 28.65 cm) as compared with control treatment (12.76 cm) , give inoculation by Mycorrhiza fungi the above - mentioned significant increases on dry weight of root growth (7.02 , 4.02 , 5.48 , gm pot - 1 ) Respectively as compared with control treatment (1.05 gm pot - 1 ), inoculation by Mycorrhiza fungi the above - mentioned give significant increases on dry weight of shoot (10.007 , 6.75 , 7.57 gm pot - 1 ) Respectively ascompared with control treatment (2.36 gm pot - 1), signification increases on Protein percentagr on treatment inoculation by Mycorrhiza fungi the above - mentioned ( 11.82% , 9.80 , 10.61%) Respectively as compared with control treatment (6.13%),give inoculation fungi Mycorrhiza significant increases on phosphorus up - take (23.80 , 16.02 , 21.47 mg P plant - 1) Respectively as compared with control treatment (5.53 mg P plant - 1) and give inoculation with fungi the above - mentioned significant increases on mean weight diameter (0.37 , 0.16 , 0.26 Mm) Respectively as compared with control treatment (0.11Mm ). 2 - Results also showed that the fungi G.mosseae was significantly better than that of fungi G.spp. and also that of mixture of both fungi in all the studied characters.3 - Effect phosphorus fertilizer Added the three levels ( 0 , 60 , 120 kg p ha - 1) significantly in studied characters above the highest result on percentage infection with the level of 60 kg p ha - 1 (72.50%) half of recommendation used in the experiment.4 - The interference between in oculation and fertilization had significant increases on percentage of root infection plant Zea mays L., root length plant Zea mays L., dry weight of shoot and root growth , protein percentage and phosphorus up - take thecombination of inoculation by G.mosseae fungi and 60 kg p ha - 1 (100% , 42.29 cm , 9.25 gm pot - 1 , 12.22 gm pot - 1 , 13.59% , 26.84 mg p plant - 1 ) Respectively. 5 - Deffrent level saline give significant increases on percentage of root infection of plant Zea mays L. at 5 ds m - 1 (69.17%). As compared with studied characters other root length Zea mays L. , dry weight of shoot and root growth , Protein percentage , phosphorus up - take and mean weight diameter significant at 10 ds m - 1 (20.33cm , 5.40 gm pot - 1 , 8.96gm pot - 1 , 10.60% , 22.98 mg p plant - 1 , 14.53%) Respectively as compared with control treatment (5 ds m - 1) , after that decreased studied characters in saline concentration at 20 ds m - 1 . The interference between inoculation and salinity increased on percentage of root infection plant Zea mays L. treatment inoculation with G.mosseae fungi and saline concentration at 5 ds m - 1 (93.33%) , but characters the above mentioned significant increases in all treatment inoculated with G.mosseae fungi and saline concentration at 10 ds m - 1 ( 48.88 cm , 8.47 gm pot - 1 , 12.73 gm pot - 1 , 13.13% , 33.83 mg p plant - 1 , 0.57 Mm ) Respectively.6 - The interference between inoculation , salinity and phosphorus fertilizer different significant increases on percentage of root infection in treatment inoculation with G.mosseae fungi the hevel of 60 kg p ha - 1 and saline concentration at 5ds m - 1 (100%), but other studied charactres root length , Protein percentage and phosphorus up - take in treatment inoculation with G.mosseae fungi, with the level of 60 kg p ha - 1 half of recommendation used in the experiment and saline concentration at 10 ds m - 1 ( 52.75 cm , 11.22 gm pot - 1 , 15.42 gm pot - 1 , 14.53% , 38.04 mg p plant - 1) Respectively.
