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استخدام نظام المعلومات الجغرافية في دراسة التباين المكاني للموارد الطبيعية في الهضبة الغربية في محافظة النجف == Using the Geographical Information System in Studying the Spatial Variation of the Natural Resources in the Western Plateau in Najaf Governorate

Author name: احمد يحيى عبد
Supervisor name: اياد عاشور حمزة الطائي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

دراسة تغيرات الغطاء الارضي لمنطقة بلد باستخدام طرائق المعالجة الرقمية والتصنيف الالي لمعطيات التحسس النائي == Study of the changes of Land cover - Balad area using digital tech

Author name: رقية احمد محمد امين العاني
Supervisor name: فؤاد عبد الوهاب محمد العمري | احمد عبد الخالق طاهر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

الجيومورفولوجيا التطبيقية للمنطقة المحصورة بين الفتحة - الدور شرق دجلة

Author name: كميلة كريم ياسين التكريتي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دور العمليات الجيومورفولوجية في تشكيل المظهر الارضي لجزيرة سقطرى

Author name: احمد عبد الله احمد حمادي
Supervisor name: فاضل عبد القادر احمد الشيخلي | مهيوب عبد الرحمن الصبري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

حوض وادي الفضا في المنطقة المتموجة من العراق : دراسة في الهيدرولوجيا التطبيقية

Author name: دلي خلف حميد الجبوري
Supervisor name: مد الله عبد الله محسن الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

الموازنة المائية المناخية في العراق واثرها في الاحتياجات المائية لمحصولي القمح والشعير في اقليم المناخ الجاف == climate water balance and its impact on water requirements of wheat and barley in Iraq

Author name: عبد الرزاق خيون خضير جاسم
Supervisor name: ماجد السيد ولي محمد العلي | عبد الله سالم المالكي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

حوض تغذية نهر باسره : دراسة في الجغرافية الطبيعية == The Catchments Area of Bassara River : A Study in physical geography

Author name: مها قحطان جبار السامرائي
Supervisor name: صالح فليح حسن الهيتي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الحركة الظاهرية للشمس واثرها في تباين معدلات درجات الحرارة والتبخر/النتح الممكن المحسوبة في محطتي البصرة والموصل == The Ostensible Motion Of The Sun and it s Role in the Variation of the Mean Temperatures and Potential Evapotranspiration as Calculated in the Two Stations of Al - Basrah and Al - Mosul

Author name: مها عيسى توفيق الدلو
Supervisor name: طه رؤوف شير محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

العيون القيرية في قضاء هيت واستثماراتها : دراسة في الجغرافية الطبيعية

Author name: مشتاق احمد غربي الهيتي
Supervisor name: سعدي محمد صالح السعدي | عدنان باقر النقاش
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

حوض وادي عنه في الجمهورية اليمنية : دراسة اشكال سطح الارض == Annah Valley Basin In Republic of yemen Geomorhologyical Study

Author name: محمد منصور عبدة المليكي
Supervisor name: محمد جعفر جواد السامرائي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الاشكال الارضية في حوض وادي المالح == The Landforms Of Al - Malih Valley Basin

Author name: ماجد حميد محسن الخفاجي
Supervisor name: محمد جعفر جواد السامرائي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة واقع ومستقبل استخدامات الارض لحوضي وادي عربة والبحر الاحمر في ظل الموارد الطبيعية والملائمة البيئية باستخدام الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية == STUDY REAL SITUATION AND FUTURE OF LAND USE IN BASINS OF WADI ARABA AND RED SEA IN THE LIGHT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUITABILITY BY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Author name: لطفي راشد المومني
Supervisor name: اياد عاشور حمزة الطائي | نايف محمود الروسان
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تباين مستوى الماء في مجرى نهر الفرات اعلى واسفل سدة الهندية واثره في كتوف النهر الطبيعية : دراسة في الجغرافية الطبيعية == Variation in the level of water in the stream of Euphrates Top and bottom of Al - Hindia dam and it’s role(A study in the natural geography)

Author name: عماد صكبان فرحان محمد التميمي
Supervisor name: محمد سلمان صالح الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي حسان في اليمن == The Geomorphologia of the Basin of Hassan Valley at Yemen

Author name: عبد الله علي محمد المعلم
Supervisor name: تغلب جرجيس داود
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

وديان غرب بحيرة الرزازة الثانوية والاشكال الارضية المتعلقة بها : دراسة في الجغرافية الطبيعية

Author name: عبد الله صبار عبود العجيلي
Supervisor name: تغلب جرجيس داود
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الاشكال الارضية في الحافات المتقطعة للهضبة الغربية بين بحيرتي الرزازة وساوه واثارها على النشاط البشري == THE LANDFORMS OF DISSECTED EDGES OF THE WESTERN PLATEAU BETWEEN THE TWO LAKES RAZZAZA AND SAWA AND THIR EFFECTS ON HUMAN ACTIVITIES

Author name: عايد جاسم حسين الزاملي
Supervisor name: عبد الاله رزوقي احمد كربل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة تحليلية لجيومورفولوجية محيط جبلة وعلاقتها باستعمالات الارض

Author name: عائشة ابو بكر عثمان
Supervisor name: عدنان باقر النقاش
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اثر العوامل الطبيعية في تكوين الاشكال الارضية في الهضبة الصحراوية الغربية (غرب الفرات) في العراق == The Affects of Physical Factors on The Development Of The Landforms At Western Desert Plateau (West of Euphrates) in Iraq

Author name: صباح عبود عاتي الخزعلي
Supervisor name: عبد الاله رزوقي احمد كربل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الاشكال الارضية لحوض وادي عامج == The Geomorphic Features Of Amej Wadi Basin

Author name: رحيم حميد عبد ثامر العبدان
Supervisor name: عدنان باقر النقاش | محمد جعفر السامرائي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الخصائص الجيومورفولوجية لمجرى نهر دجلة بين جسر المثنى وجسر الجادرية واثرها في الاستخدام البشري

Author name: اسامة خزعل عبد الرضا الشريفي
Supervisor name: فلاح جمال معروف العزاوي | وليد عبد المجيد القيسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

مظاهر اشكال سطح الارض لنهر دجلة بين شيخ سعد وعلي الغربي : دراسة في الجغرافية الطبيعية == TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE TIGRIS RIVER BETWEEN THE SHEIKH SA’AD AND ALI AL - GHARBY REGIONS (A STUDY IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY)

Author name: خطاب عطا نعيم الطائي
Supervisor name: فخري خلف عبد الله البياتي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

جيومورفولوجية الجزر النهرية في نهر دجلة بين الدبوني وسدة الكوت == The Geomorphology of the River Islands in Tigris River Between Al - Dibuni and Al - kut Barrage

Author name: اياد عبد علي سلمان الشمري
Supervisor name: زينب وناس خضير الحسناوي | وليد عبد المجيد احمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الاثار البيئية لتجفيف الاهوار في جنوب العراق == THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF DRANINING THE MARSHES IN SOUTHERN IRAQ

Author name: اقبال عبد الحسين ابو جري
Supervisor name: اياد عاشور حمزة الطائي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة اشكال سطح الارض في منطقة السلمان جنوب - غربي العراق == A Study of Geomorphologyin AL - Salman Area South - Western Iraq

Author name: حسين عذاب خليف الهربود
Supervisor name: غسان محمد محمد علي السبتي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التباين المكاني لخصائص التربة في ناحيتي بهرز وبني سعد وعلاقاتها المكانية بالمناخ والموارد المائية == Spatial Diverse Of Soil Characters In BUHRZ and BANI SAAD Districts and Spatial Relationship With Climate and Water Rrsources

Author name: اسماعيل داود سليمان العامري
Supervisor name: زينب وناس خضير الحسناوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

انسب مناطق زراعة البقوليات على وفق نتائج الموازنة المائية المناخية لبعض المحافظات الشمالية من العراق : دراسة في الجغرافية الطبيعية == THE MORE APPROPRIATE AREA - S FOR THE CULTIVATION OF LEGUMES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RESULTES OF THE CLIMATIC WATER BUDGET FOR SOME OF THE NORTHERN GOVERNORATES OF IRAQ

Author name: اسراء عادل رسول العلالي
Supervisor name: طه رؤوف شير محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التغيرات الهيدرولوجية لنهر دجلة في العراق == Hydrological changes of the Tigris River in Iraq

Author name: طالب طارش طاهر ال مسافر
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Iraq greatly depends on the surface water resources, most of those resources come from Tigris and Euphrates and their branches. Three countries benefit from these two rivers, (Turkey, Syria, and Iraq), each of which has their own investment plans for the rivers, which have put Iraq in front of different challenges that concerns its aquatic security. Therefore, this study targeted the hydrologic changes of the Tigris basin. It was observed that a combination of natural and human factors have affected the hydrologic changes of the basin, and this change have become more vivid in the branches that feed the river to the river estuary.These factors can be summarized as follows : 1 - Climate Change and Global Warming which have led to the aridity, leading to a great decrease in rain and snow ratios, and a vivid decrease in the aquatic income of the Tigris. The decreased amount of rain and snow have affected the length of both flood and dryness periods according to the excessive nourishment or its scarcity. The contrast is most obvious in the dry years or in the wet ones or those close to the average, the flood period is longer in the wet years, whereas the dry periods are longer in the dry years, and their aquatic income increases or decreases according to the dry period which is shorter in the wet years and longer in the dry ones.2 - The vivid change of the hydrological characteristics of quality for the Tigris waters. When comparing the lab results of the year of study (2017) with those of the years (1970 - 2011), we find that the water quality has changed. The PH level increased, the Ec level also increased, and however the water is rich with the Ca levels, it is still consumable. The Magnesium levels were (66.05) and this is within the allowed limits. The Cl level is also increasing, but the SO4 was (35.5) mlg/ltr, which also within the internationally allowed limits. The Na reached (251.4) mlg/ltr, which is increasing when compared with the readings of the previous years. The (T.D.S) was 700.5 mlg/ltr, which also indicates and increase. However, it was then clear that the salt concentration has changed as you go down the river to the south. This is due to the lack of drainage, as well as what the site indicators reflect such as the reverting streams. It was noted that most of the salty concentrations incline in the dryness period and increased from the north of Saleh’s Castle to Al - Gerneh.3 - The lower - than - normal aquatic income of the Tigris compared to the previous years, which is expected to reach (9,16) billion cubic meter once Al - Kab project is complete. This is considered a huge deficit as the amount of needs is over 60 billion cubic meters, apart from those needs that are required to maintain the Marshes according to the needed rates which also an additional 16 billion cubic meters.4 - The operational plans of Turkey and Iran that control the amount of water reaching Iraq. There are a number of dams established on the Tigris. Therefore, Iraq, geographically speaking, is in a rather negatively affected position being the country of the estuary. Iraq can be negatively affected by the procedures of the neighboring countries that are on the Tigris, and is also negatively affected by the quality of the aquatic income feeding the river.5 - The nature of water planning administration inside Iraq. Most of the projects need further maintenance and development, as well as the aquatic weed, the pollution factors, acts of misuse in the agricultural, domestic, and industrial needs.The perfect usage of the conventional and unconventional water resources does not exist. Therefore, the study have come to a number of recommendations : 1 - The urgent move towards the neighboring countries (Iraq, Syria, and Turkey) that aims at finding the mutual mechanism for redistributing the water shares in the way that serves the interests of all parties according to the international law.2 - Improving the old irrigation systems into the modern ones, such as the spraying and drip irrigation, as well as the developed surface irrigation.3 - Maintaining the water resources from the pollution resulting from the human, agricultural, and industrial activities that are drained into the drainage without being processed, through issuing the laws, legislations as well as the severe consequences against violators.4 - Maintaining the waters by keeping them from being spoiled due to the old irrigation methods that result from the increase vaporization and leakage from the outer irrigation pipes, and using the underground pipes instead.5 - Maintaining the dams and the water reservoirs, putting them back into work according to a centrally controlled plan in order to secure the water needs, especially the irrigative needs, as well as generating electrical power.6 - Developing water administration through the integrated administration of aquatic resources in order to solve the problems that face the water resources such as the low feeding resources, wasted water, as well as pollution, and the lower usage of the conventional and unconventional water resources

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي الوكر شرق ناحية بصية == Geomorphologycal ALWAKER basin eastern of Abssaea

Author name: صابرين صبيح شنيور العكيلي
Supervisor name: جاسب كاظم عبد الحسين الجوهر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: اوضحت الدراسة اهم الاشكال الارضية الموجودة في منطقة الدراسة وبيان خصائصها وتاثراتها في حوض الوكر البالغة مساحته (219كم2) , وتقع ضمن الحدود الادارية لمحافظة المثنى ,التي تقع جيولوجيا في منطقة الرصيف المستقر في الجزء الجنوبي الشرقي من الهضبة الجنوبية , وتميزت منطقة الدراسة باشكال ارضية عديدة كالتلال والهضاب والمسيلات المائية والمنخفضات والخبرات والاخاديد والكثبان الرملية ,فضلا عن ذلك فانها تمتاز بصخورها الصلبة ولاسيما عند حافات منطقة الدراسة وقلة عمق التربة ,فضلا عن ذلك فان منطقة الدراسة تعاني من قلة الغطاء النباتي عدا بعض النباتات التي تتحمل الجفاف كالسدر والغضا والعلندى الموجودة في منطقة الدراسة. اما من الناحية الهيدرولوجية فان منطقة الدراسة تعاني من عجز في المياه بسبب ندرة الامطار واقتصارها على فصل الشتاء لمدة ثلاثة اشهر , التي تتميز بتذبذب الامطار مما جعل المنطقة جافة جرداء معرضة للعواصف الترابية ,اذ تم استخراج الموازنة المائية باستخدام عدد من المعادلات الرياضية منها معادلة ثورنثويت , فوجد ان منطقة الدراسة تتميز بالجفاف لمعظم فصول السنة وتجري فيها المياه اثناء موسم تساقط الامطار . في حين اشارت الخصائص المورفومترية للحوض اقتراب شكل الحوض من الشكل المستطيل , فضلا عن تحديد الخصائص المورفومترية للشبكة النهرية , واوضحت وجود عدد من انماط التصريف النهري واتضح وجود ثلاث انماط من التصريف وهي نمط التصريف المتوازي والمتعامد والشجري , فضلا عن تحديد الخصائص الشكلية والتضاريسية وتحديد اعداد المراتب النهرية واطوال المجاري المائية. كما يمكن استثمار منطقة الدراسة اقتصاديا فمن الممكن استخدام المصادر المائية التي تتوافر في فصل الشتاء عن طريق انشاء السدود على الاودية لغرض حجز مياهها والاستفادة منها في تغذية المياه الجوفية لاستخدامها في مجلات متعددة ,فضلا عن ذلك فان المنطقة تتمتع بتوافر المواد الانشائية الاولية فيها وبكثرة , اذ تميزت بكثر المقالع الخاصة باستخراج الحصى والرمال او الصخور الاخرى وان لجمال بعض الاشكال الارضية كالتلال العالية وغيرها من الاشكال الارضية جعل المنطقة تتمتع بعوامل جذب سياحية . | The study explained important. geomorphology type calrication features effections in the AL WAKER .It was amount 2609,28 km2 it located bettween latitude caircle 30,30 and 30.50 north lon gitued 45.20 and 45.30 east UTM,WGS 84 the study area located with border AL Muthanaa area it located in gelogecal area .arris stable .of the south east plateau of Iraq .the study area particularize in geomorphologcal type like of plateaus ,hills and rain fal of water hills of sands particularize solid rocksand edges of study area few depth of soil the study described has few plants lande exception that desert plants.in hydrological side the study area is suffer few water because raw running three month in year ,it became dride and barren faces draughty for stomes completed calculus budget use some of mathes equation like thorn thout equation and became clear droughty more of month lear,in that time reference morphometers the basin like rectangular form corerage ratio 0,53 morphometeral particalurize canalization of water , It clear pound three type from exchange,the type exchange treely equal and taamed we can in vestment the study erea ecomically by use the water resources when the wanter provided by build up dams on valleys keeping that water to in terest them to feding grund water to use that other purposes then the study erea arailabilty more of raw mateinals for building like grits extract ,saunds and rocks the beautiful forms in this erea as hills and antiques like Al shangera planace, it became located in attract tourist erea

تغيرات الغطاء الارضي واستخدام الارض لمنطقة شرقي الغراف باستعمال تقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية للمدة 1977 - 2016 == Land Cover & Land Uses Changes of Al - Gharraf Eastern Area

Author name: امین عبد علي حسین التمیمي
Supervisor name: حسن سوادي نجیبان الغزي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The changes in land cover and land uses require monitoring and detection of these changes and their signature on detection maps. The use of remote sensing techniques is the best way to detect this change and to know the direction of change and to predict the changes that may occur .The study aim is to observe the terrestrial cover changes and land uses for the period 1977 - 2016 of the study area that located between latitude circles (30◦ 44 and 30◦ 59) north, longitude arcs (46◦ 13 and 46◦ 49) east UTM; WGS 84, the study area located in the eastern side of Thi - Qar province, the administrative border of Al - Dawaiyah area / Al - Shatara city and the administrative border of Al - Islah area / Al - Nasiriyah town, by use Landsat satellites and explain it by use the visual explanation, and represented it in schedules according to the suitable ecological classification of the study area, and represented it in high proficiency maps to establish geographic information base and put on maps called the change discovery maps, and compare it with to reach to the best system supervised and unsupervised to discover the change and establish geographic information base by uses GIS to save the support information that can be renewed and followed, by uses three systems ,first by Erdasimagine2014 change detection tool, and arc Gis 10.2 by overlay tools like union eras & intersect .finely subtract swath affix from precedent to know true results. In addition, studying the natural characteristics of structure, surface and the water sources through branches of the only feeder to the marshes of the study area which is Al - Gharraf river. Marshes of the study area are affected directly and carried its qualities. Also, studying the climate with its elements, soil, the natural plant showed in objectivity maps and old human energetic represented by agriculture activity, rural settlement and villages, ruins sites supported by maps of its locations and measurements which is classified according to the ecological classification that is proceeded in the study.

التحليل الشمولي للرطوبة النسبية في العراق == Synoptic Analyzing of Relative Humidity In Iraq

Author name: هدى علي ساجت الغزي
Supervisor name: مالك ناصر عبود الكناني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى اظهار العلاقة بين الظروف الشمولية الحركية وتسجيلات الرطوبة النسبية في العراق للمدة(2003 - 2013) والتسجيلات اليومية والساعية لقيم الرطوبة النسبية لثمان محطات رصد جوي في العراق. وقد تبين ان الرطوبة النسبية في العراق تتاثر باربعة مرتفعات جوية تختلف في تاثيراتها فيها لاختلاف طبيعة تكوينها ومساراتها وتكراراتها ومدد بقائها, منها مرتفعين جويين باردين وهما السيبيري والاوربي ومرتفعين جويين دافئين وهما المرتفع الشبه المداري ومرتفع الجزيرة العربية, وقد ظهر ان اكثر المرتفعات الجوية تاثيرا في معدلات الرطوبة النسبية هو المرتفع الجوي السيبيري (47.6%) واقلها تاثيرا هو مرتفع الجزيرة العربية الذي يصل فيه المعدل العام للرطوبة النسبية الى(37.7%) . ويتعرض العراق ايضا الى ثمانية منخفضات جوية، تختلف في تاثيرها في الرطوبة النسبية لاختلاف طبيعة تكوينها والية تشكليها ومساراتها وتكراراتها ومدد بقائها وهذه المنخفضات هي (المنخفضات الجبهوية المتوسطية والمنخفض المندمج والمنخفض السوداني والمنخفضات الحرارية التي تتمثل بالمنخفض الهندي الموسمي ومنخفض الجزيرة والمنخفض الايسلندي ومنخفضات بحر قزوين والبحر الاسود والمنخفض الشبه المداري), واعلى معدل للرطوبة النسبية رافق المنخفضات الجوية الباردة وهي المنخفض المتوسطي الذي يصل المعدل العام للرطوبة النسبية فيه الى(53.4%) وادنى المعدلات رافقة المخفضات الجوية الدافئة وهي المنخفض الهندي مسجلا معدل يصل الى(22.6%), اضافة الى ظاهرة الركود الهوائي التي يتعرض لها العراق. واتضح من تحليل المستوى(850) مليبار ان المنخفضات الجوية اكثر تعمقا عند هذا المستوى اذ جاء المنخفض الهندي بالمرتبة الاولى اذ بلغت نسبة تعمقه (86.3%) والمنخفض المتوسطي بنسبة تصل الى (71.2%), اما المرتفعات الجوية فجاء المرتفع الشبه المداري بالمرتبة الاولى بنسبة تصل الى (82.4%), وجاء ثانيا من بعد المنخفض الهندي عند هذا المستوى. وظهر ايضا ان الرطوبة النسبية في العراق تتاثر بعدة انماط ضغطية عند المستوى(500) مليبار وهي ( الامواج المستقيمة والاخاديد الهوائية والانبعاجات المدارية والحاجز الضغطي(منخفض القطع ومرتفع القطع) ويختلف تاثير هذه المنظومات على الرطوبة النسبية باختلاف تاثيرها على سلوك المنظومات الضغطية السطحية اذ تبين ان هذه الانماط هي التي تحدد من سلوك المنظومة الضغطية وقوتها على السطح, وتبين ان اكثر منظومة سائدة فوق اجواء العراق هي الاخاديد الهوائية اذ يصل مجموع معدل تكرارها الى (83.2) اخدودا تلتها الانبعاجات المدارية بمعدل يصل الى(80.8) انبعاجا. | The Study amis to show the total moving conditions Relative humidity record in Iraq form(2003 - 2013) and hourly and daily record to humidity values for eight stations of atmosphere monitoring in Iraq. It was found that the relative humidity in Iraq are affected by four Anticyclone vary in direct affect due nature differences of their form recurrences, direction and the lasting period, It is affected by two cold anticyclone ; Siberian and the European Anticyclone, and two warm anticyclones sub - tropical and Arabian Jazeera, It has been shown that the most anticyclone effect of relative humidity average Siberian Anticyclone by up(47.6%) and the least one is the Anticyclone of Arabian Jazeera by up(37.7%). Iraq is also subjected to another of eight depression in which it varies in direction effect of humidity due to the nature differences of form technical shape, direction recurrences relative lasting period which accompanied the depression are(Frontal Mediterranean depressions, Merged Depressions, Sudanese depressions; heat depression represented by Indian seasonal depression Jazeera Depression, Icelandic Depression, the Caspian sea Depression, and sub - tropical depression) it is emerged that most depressions which humidity the Mediterranean depression ,by up(53.7%) ,the relative humidity decreases due to recurrences of warm depressions, to register less average whit Indian seasonal depression by up(22.6%,in addition to air col Phenomenon which are Iraq experienced it. The result form the level analysis of (850 millibars) is that more depressions deeper at this level is Indian seasonal depression - occupies the first rank as its depth reached (86.3%) and the Mediterranean depression reached 71,2%, and anticyclone came sub - tropical anticyclone first reached (82.4%), as comes second after Indian depression. It also emerged that the relative humidity in Iraq affected by several modes pressure mode at the level 500 millibars, the (zonal waves , air Trouhg ,tropical Ridge tropical, cut off low, cut off high, subtropical anticyclone) the effect of these systems is varied on behavior of systems pressure surface it is found that these patterns of are determined by the behavior of pressure system and strength on the surface it is appeared that most prominent system over Iraq is Trouhg as its total to83.2 ,followed by tropical Ridge as its total up total 80.8

تطرف العناصر المناخية اليومية في العراق : دراسة في علم المناخ الشمولي == Daily climatc extremes in Iraq study in synoptic climatology

Author name: محمد صبر طبر الرويشد
Supervisor name: مالك ناصر عبود الكناني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى كشف تكرارات التطرفات المناخية اليومية لعناصر المناخ الرئيسة وهي (ساعات السطوع الشمسي الفعلية ودرجات الحرارة والرطوبة النسبية والامطار الرياح) ومدياتها العظمى والدنيا وتفسير هذه التطرفات بالاعتماد على التحليل الشمولي ومتابعة هذه التطرفات الساعية في كل محطة، وفي جمع شهور السنة والمنظومات المتسببة في وصولها الى تسجيلاتها الحالية. وقد اظهرت الدراسة بان اعلى نسبة تطرفات في ساعات السطوع الفعلية اليومية العظمى عند المستوى الضغطي (1000) مليبار سجلتها المرتفعات الجوية اذ بلغت (53,4%) من جملة تاثير المنظومات الضغطية، بينما في تطرفات ساعات السطوع الفعلية اليومية الدنيا فان اكثر المنظومات الضغطية تاثيرا المنخفضات الجوية اذ بلغت نسبة تاثيرها (72,9%)، وعند المستوى الضغطي (850) مليبار فان اعلى نسبة تاثير في تطرفات ساعات السطوع الفعلية اليومية العظمى سجلتها المنخفضات الجوية اذ بلغت نسبة تاثيرها (48,6%)، وفي تطرفات ساعات السطوع الفعلية اليومية الدنيا فقد كان اعلى تاثير قد سجل للمنخفضات الجوية وبنسبة بلغت (78,7%) من جملة تاثير المنظومات الضغطية، وعند المستوى (500) مليبار كان اعلى تاثير في تطرفات ساعات الطوع الفعلية اليومية العظمى الامواج المستقيمة وبنسبة تاثير (31,2%) وفي التطرفات الدنيا فقد كان اكثرها تاثيرا الانبعاجات المدارية وبنسبة تاثير (27,1%). وان اعلى نسبة تاثير للمنظومات الضغطية في التطرفات الحرارية اليومية العظمى سجلتها المنخفضات الجوية بنسبة تاثير بلغت (51,8%)، وفي التطرفات الحرارية اليومية الدنيا فان اعلى تاثير كان للمرتفعات الجوية وبنسبة تاثير بلغت (63,3%)، وبالنسبة للمستوى (850) مليبار فان اعلى تاثير كان للمرتفعات الجوية وبنسبة تاثير (48,3%) وفي التطرفات الحرارية اليومية الدنيا فان اعلى تاثير سجلته المنخفضات الجوية وبنسبة تاثير (48,6%)، وعند المستوى (500) مليبار فان اعلى تاثير في التطرفات العظمى سجلتها الانبعاجات المدارية بنسبة تاثير (48,3%) وفي التطرفات الدنيا سجلتها الامواج المستقيمة وبنسبة تاثير (48,3%). وسجلت المنخفضات الجوية اعلى تاثير في تطرفات الرطوبة النسبية اليومية العظمى اذ بلغت نسبة تاثيرها (59,4%) من جملة تاثير المنظومات الضغطية، وفي تطرفات الرطوبة النسبية اليومية الدنيا فان اعلى تاثير قد كان ايضا للمنخفضات الجوية وبنسبة تاثير (55,7%)، وعند المستوى (850) مليبار قد سجلت المنخفضات الجوية اعلى نسبة تاثير تطرفات الرطوبة النسبية اليومية العظمى اذ بلغت نسبة التاثير (54,4%) وفي تطرفات الرطوبة النسبية الدنيا فكان اعلى تاثير للمنخفضات الجوية وبنسبة تاثير (51,1%)، وعند المستوى (500) مليبار فان اعلى الانماط الضغطية اثرا في التطرفات العظمى الاخاديد القطبية وبنسبة تاثير (29,9%) وفي التطرفات الدنيا سجلتها الانبعاجات المدارية وبنسبة بلغت (55,5%).وبالنسبة لتاثير الامطار فان المنخفضات الجوية قد شملت التاثير كله واكثرها اثرا في التطرفات اليومية العظمى المنخفض السوداني وبنسبة تاثير (74,7%) وفي التطرفات الدنيا فقد كان اكثرها اثرا المنخفض السوداني ايضا وبلغت نسبة تاثيره (53,6%)، وعند المستوى (850) مليبار قد سجل اعلى تاثير في التطرفات اليومية العظمى للامطار المنخفض السوداني وبنسبة تاثير بلغت (47,4%) وفي التطرفات الدنيا قد كانت ايضا للمنخفض السوداني وبنسبة تاثير بلغت (36,2%)، وفي المستوى (500) مليبار قد سجل اعلى تاثير في التطرفات اليومية العظمى الاخاديد القطبية وبنسبة تاثير بلغت (35,1%) وفي التطرفات الدنيا سجلتها الانبعاجات المدارية وبنسبة تاثير بلغت (50%%). اما تاثيره في تطرفات سرع الرياح اليومية العظمى فقد سجلت المنخفضات الجوية اعلى المنظومات تاثيرا اذ بلغت نسبة تاثيرها (58,3%)، وكذلك في تطرفات سرع الرياح اليومية الدنيا فقد بلغت نسبة تاثير المنخفضات الجوية اعلى مما للمرتفعات الجوية اذ بلغت (49,7%)، وعند المستوى (850) قد سجلت اعلى نسبة تاثير في تطرفات سرع الرياح اليومية العظمى المنخفضات الجوية اذ بلغت (61,6%) وفي تطرفات سرع الرياح اليومية الدنيا قد سجلت المرتفعات الجوية اكثر تاثير بنسبة بلغت (46,1%)، وعند المستوى (500) مليبار فان اكثرها اثرا في التطرفات العظمى الامواج المستقيمة وبنسبة تاثير(24,3%) وفي التطرفات الدنيا الانبعاجات المدارية وبنسبة تاثير (28,1%). | The objective of the study is to discover the frequency of daily climatic phenomena of the main climatic elements (actual solar clocks, temperatures, relative humidity, wind and rain) and their maximum and minimum extent, and to interpret these extreme phenomena on the basis of macro analysis and follow - up of these extremes at each station and in the collection of the months of the year and regulations Which cause their access to their current records.The study showed that the highest percentage of maximum daily hours of brightness at the pressure level (1000) mb was recorded from the highlands (53.4%) of the total effect of the pressure systems, while in the daily minimum brightness, depression (72.9%), At the pressure level of (850) mb, the hieighest effective rate in the extreme hours of the greatest actual daily brightness, (48.6%). In the actual hours of extreme brightness, the daily minimum was the highest record effect of a decrease (78.2%) of the total effect For pressure systems, and at the level of (500) ml was the most important effect of the extreme daily voltage of daily waves and the impact of (31.2%) At maximum, with an effect (27.1%).The highest effect of pressure systems in daily thermal temperatures was recorded through air losses (51.8%). In the daily minimum, the highest effect was for the highlands (63.3%). (48.3%). In daily daily minimums, the highest impact of air drops was recorded (48.6%). At the (500) mb level, the highest terrains were recorded at the maximum orbit (48.3%) and at the extreme extremes recorded by the straight waves with (48.3%) effect.The highest rate of air recorded is the effect of depression on the daily maximum extreme values such as relative relative humidity (59.4%) of the total effect of piezoelectric systems and the maximum daily relative humidity. The greater the effect, the lower the air may be (55.7%), at 850 mb, air depressions recorded the highest effective of extreme dailyrelative humidity extremes with a (54.4%) effective and minimum relative humidityextremes with (51.1%) effective. At 500 millibars, the highest effect of piezoelectric effects was at the highest degree of Mature protrusions (endodontic) have an effect (29.9%) and have been recorded in sp regions The tropical region is tropical by percentage (55.5%).As for the impact of rain, the depressions have included the whole effect and the most impact in the daily extremes Great Low Sudanese by the impact of (74.7%) and in the extremes the world has been the most low - impact Sudanese also reached its impact ratio (53.6%), and at the level of (850 ) mbar has recorded the highest impact on the Great low rainfall Sudanese daily extremes and by the impact of (47.4%) and in the extremes the world has been also the Sudanese low rate effect amounted to (36.2%), and at the level of 500 mbar has recorded the highest effect Great daily in the polar extremes gullies and by the impact of (35.1%) and in the extremes The minimum recorded indentations tropical and by the impact of (50 %%).The impact on the maximum daily wind speed recorded significant decreases in the highest impact systems, with 58.3% and the lower areas of the daily wind speed affecting the highest gains (49.7%) and (850) The highest impact was recorded at the maximum daily wind speed, with significant decreases of up to (61.6%) and the maximum daily maximum air altitude in the atmosphere more than (46.1%). At the 500 level, (24.3%), and lower lipid porosity and (28.1%).

تقييم مشروع الرميثة الاروائي : دراسة في جغرافية الموارد المائية == Evaluation of Al - Rumaitha irrigation project Study in water resources geography

Author name: صبيحة حمد عودة
Supervisor name: سفير جاسم حسين
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: As the study area occupies an important position in terms of agriculture ,this study aims to uncover the reality of the Al - Rumaitha irrigation project and to show the natural and human geographical characteristics of the study area , also highlights the most important problems facing the project .It defines the project's conformity with hydrological standards, evaluating the efficiency of the project and achieve its goals. To achieve this, the researcher followed the systematic approach in accordance with the analytical approach, quantitative method, explanation and linking descriptive method among the influencing factors.The study has identified the most important geographical characteristics of the study area, both natural and human, related to hydrological reality and the impact of these characteristics in the reality of the project , Then the study has presented the geographical spread of the project and structure of the irrigation and drainage system , it has also highlighted the hydrological reality of the project, of the characteristics of annual and monthly discharge characterized by instability and fluctuation , which does not fill the deficit in the water budget climate for the study area , after that it has evaluated the efficiency of the project quality and optimal use of water resources through the qualitative analysis of available water, comparing these indicators to standards Estimate the amount of water needed to produce irrigated crops, determine the actual needs of the irrigation needs of the net and kidney of the project , and compare it with the reality of the irrigation area and the extent of the project's fulfillment of the irrigation requirements of crops planted within the project land.In a study of the sustainability trend in the in the Al - Rumaitha project, the most important natural and human obstacles have identified which prevent the desired sustainability process of the current and future performance of the project, and the proposal to formulate an efficient mechanism to address these obstacles and reduce the waste in the quantity of inward and increase the efficiency of use to achieve optimal utilization of water resources to preserve The rights of future generations on both sides of food security and water security

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي ابو شنين غرب بحيرة ساوة واستثماراته الاقتصادية == Geomorphology of Wadi Abu jlod (Abu Shounen) West Lake Sawa economic and investment

Author name: فاطمة يونس راضي
Supervisor name: سرحان نعيم طشطوش حسين الخفاجي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

مظاهر التصحر وتاثيرها على الواقع الزراعي في محافظة ذي قار == The manifestations of desertification and its effect on the agriculturl reality in Dhi Qar

Author name: حیدر عبد المحسن كاظم العسكري
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق خیون خضیر ال محیمید
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to detect the manifestations of desertification and their effects on the agricultural situation in Dhi - Qar governorate and determine the regions of their spatial distribution and classifications. This study has explained the concept, degrees, and manifestations of desertification and the agricultural status at the chosen area. It has been observed that a wide area of Dhi - Qar governorate is suffered from the problem of desertification which has harmed the agricultural lands and reduced the agricultural production.This study has also showed the most important natural factors that cause the generation of manifestations of desertification in the selected region such as the geological structure, the surface, the features of climate, the climate phenomena, the climate balancing properties, the natural plant, the water resource characterisations, and the soil. It has been noticed that the aforementioned impacts are directly or indirectly participated and increased the problem of desertification in the study region. Moreover, it has been showed that the selected region is highly suffered from low water which is estimated by 3497.3 mm during the year including the raining season. This has reflected on the water resource characterisations and decreased both the overground and underground resources.This thesis has addressed the most important human parameters that are participated in appearing the desertification such as the wrong procedures in agriculture, population growth, infrastructure increasing, overgrazing …etc. Consequently, in this study, it has been observed that the farmer has no taught, low knowledge with his water requirements for the agricultural crops and excess in using an irrigation water in the face of low number of stream of water. As a result, the soil has becomeunsuitable for agriculture which makes it uncultivated area. In addition, the population growth which is approximately 2.9% and the infrastructure increasing have negative role on the suitable areas for agriculture and their productions which cause deterioration of large areas that leads for desertification. Moreover, the overgrazing has increased the problem of desertification through suffering the natural pastures to damage their natural plant that is utilised to as protection cover.In this study, it has been given the impacts that result form the manifestations of desertification and their spatial distribution in the chosen area such as soil salinity. It has been noted that all types of the soils are suffered from various degrees of the salinity. This refers to employing or ignoring the soil as well as the incorrect using of the water for agriculture and the level of groundwater and its approaching from the ground. Furthermore, the impact of salinity on using special types of crops that are resisted to the high change in salinity rather than the crops that are much tolerated to the salinity. Moreover, the effects of wind erosion and their spatial distributions in the studied area have been provided. This study has showed the wind erosion and its affect such as the phenomena of dusty weather has great impact on the properties of the soil and its production. This study has also found out by using the applied equation (F.A.O) that the annual summation of climate ability of wind erosion is equal to (276.29) which means the chosen region is located in very harsh erosion. This study has also explained there are locally and seasonally differences in the dust quantities that are transferred by the wind from the surface layer of the soil of the study region which is differentiated according to the climate ability of this region. This work has also performed the effects that are resulted from the moving of the sand dunes and their local distribution. It has been observed that converting a huge area of farmlands and pastures in Al - Btahaa, Al - Fajar,Al - Nasser, and Kalaat Sukkar to lands desertified because the moving of the sand dunes. Accordingly, the total land area of the study area that is faced the moving of the sand dunes is estimated by 162000 acres.This study has provided the important methods that can be followed to treat the problem of desertification. For instance, the important technical and scientific approaches as well as the social and economic ways that can be used to overcome or limit the impacts of desertification on the farmlands in the study region.

ظاهرة الجزيرة الحرارية في مدينة الناصرية == The Heat Island Phenomenon in The City of Nassiryah

Author name: موفق حامد خضير حسين الحفاظي
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق خيون خضير ال محيميد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The study aims to identify the liturgical properties in the city of Nassiryah, especially, in terms of temperature , wind speed and their direction. Also it aims to discover the presence of thermal island and study the effect of factor on this city .Moreover, it aimes to indicate of the heat island on the climate of the city. The problem of the study is to show if there is heat island in the city of nassiryah and generated by minor problems. Also it aims to indicate the effect of spatial disparities of urban land uses in the formation of the heat island phenomenon and the heat island effect in the climate elements in the city of nassiryah.The researcher of this study on the field work. The work began by dividing of the city into seven axes to cover all of the city. Each of these axes contained number of monitoring points. , degree of, a ,humidity ,downwind to find out a thermic island .It also studies the affected on the city and the heat island on the climate of the city .The study depends upon fieldwork it has been divided into seven axes .Each axe involves a number of monitoring points. And that number depends on the length of each axis by 75 monitoring points : representing(Haboubi square) center of the city is the starting point for a team of field who has been trained on how to measure, and has field monitoring operations by digital measure devices for measuring temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity for all seasons of the year as such month (October) autumn month (January) winter month (April),the spring observations field, it shows the existence of a major heat island shows in addition to the secondary Islands.It was the highest thermal difference between the rural city center next to it through observation amounting to (8(16;00) in the axis (Habubi the bo Fayyad),the higher the difference in the relative humidity was (15%) in the axis (Habubi thermal power plant Nassiryah) in field of winter balances first seveno,clock in the evening (13/ January/2016), either wind speed recorder the biggest difference in the axis ( Habubi neighborhood redemption) reached (6.8m/s)in the first Winter balances five o'clock in the morning (13/January/2016) the station readings in the city of Nassiryah reached a high thermal difference between them and the center was(4.7m) balances autumnal third at seven in the evening, the higher the difference in the relative humidity was (12.7%) in the winter balances theIIsecond time the second afternoon the highest difference in wind speed reached (8.5m/s) in the winter balances the second time in the afternoon, and in the balances morning winter. The study highlighted the statistical relationships that have been followed and reliable in the study, for example .the factor of simple correlation simple regression that illustrates the statistical relations weather trdah or the reverse in terms of impact between the natural and human geographical factors.The results of statistical analysis have shown that there is a strong extreme correlation between a dimension factor for bodies of water with the temperature which is (0.997) and poorly inversely correlation is between the temperature and distance from the center because of the high population density and the results show that the correlation factor is a strong proportional correlation between the distance from the center and the speed of wind which is (0.849).The results indicate that there is a strong correlation between the temperature and the relative humidity value of the correlation coefficient( - 0.986).Also there is a weak reversal link between a population density and the temperature 5m.The value of Pearson, a correlation coefficient, is ( - 0.032).The results of statistical analysis show that there is the presence of extrusive link an average (0.712) between the temperature and the density of traffic. The results also show that there is a strong factor of the link is (0.993).There is also a strong reversal proportional correlation between the temperature and the percentage of vegetation in the city as it is ( - 0.904).the results indicate there is a strong proportional correlation between the it is ( - 0.904).the results indicate there is a strong proportional correlation between the relative humidity and the vegetation in the city which is (0.839).Also the results show that there is a strong extrusive link with the temperature which is (0.888).

تقييم الموارد الطبيعية في قضاء الرفاعي باستخدام تقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Assessment of Natural Resources in the district of Rifai Using Remote sensing and geographic information system

Author name: فاطمة علاء ربيع الحسني
Supervisor name: حسن سوادي نجيبان الغزي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: تمثل الموارد الطبيعية القاعدة الاساس للنهوض بالواقع الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والخدمي الذي يعاني منه قضاء الرفاعي . وتهدف الدراسة الى مسح وتصنيف الموارد الطبيعية في قضاء الرفاعي وذلك باعتماد صيغة التكامل بين تقنية الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية , ومن ثم تقييمها باستخدام معايير محلية وعالمية لبيان امكانية استغلالها واستثمارها . استخدمت البيانات الفضائية للمتحسس ( OLI ) العائدة للقمر الصناعي Landsat - 8 في مسح وتصنيف الموارد الطبيعية وبواقع مرئية واحدة لسنة 2018 , فضلا عن مساعدة الخرائط الطبوغرافية والجيولوجية والتركيبية المختلفة والتدقيق الحقلي , كما استعين بجهاز GPS لتحديد المواقع التي تم تدقيقها والعينات التي تم اخذها حقليا . كما استخدمت مجموعة من النظم البرمجية بصورة تكاملية في معالجة المرئية الفضائية المستخدمة واستنباط المعلومات منها بما يخدم هدف الدراسة تمثلت بمجوعة برامج ARC GIS 10.2 وبرنامج ERDAS 2014 . كما تم الاستعانة بالبيانات المناخية والقوانين الرياضية ونتائج التحاليل المختبرية لدراسة خصائص الموارد وتقييمها . تم اعتماد النظام الاسترالي في عملية تصنيف الموارد الطبيعية لمنطقة الدراسة حيث يقوم هذا النظام على تصنيف الاراضي المعنية بالدراسة من خلال تفسير المرئيات الفضائية والتي يتبعها عادة زيارات ميدانية للتاكد من صحة البيانات التي تم استخلاصها من المرئيات الفضائية ومن ثم يتم اعداد خرائط للانماط الارضية وتشمل هذه الخرائط على وصف الانماط الارضية ووحداتها .من خلال تقييم الموارد الطبيعية في قضاء الرفاعي ( لطاقة الشمس ,طاقة الرياح ,الموارد المائية ,التربة , النبات الطبيعي , والمعادن ) لسنة 2018 اتضح ماياتي : ان كمية طاقة الشمس ترتفع وخاصة في فصل الصيف لتصل الى اعلى معدل لها في شهر حزيران اذ بلغت ( 9,07 واط/سم2/يوم) ويمكن استثمارها واستغلالها ولا يوجد عائق , وكذلك الحال بالنسبة لطاقة الرياح اذ ان سرع الرياح ترتفع في ثمانية اشهر من ( شباط _ ايلول ) عن المعيار المستخدم لتقييم امكانية استغلال الرياح والاستفادة منها في توليد الطاقة الكهربائية (3,2 م/ثا ) وهي اشهر الصيف وبذلك يمكن استغلالها وتوليد الطاقة الكهربائية منها . اما بالنسبة للموارد المائية فان حجم الايراد المائي السنوي لنهر الغراف بلغ (4976380800 م3) وللمصب العام(1892160000م3) ومبزل شرق الغراف والغراف الكبير بلغ فيها( 72532800 و192369600 م3) على التوالي , وعند تقييمها مع عدد السكان ومساحة الاراضي المزروعة والصالحة للزراعة وجد ان حصة كل فرد م3/سنة من نهر الغراف بلغ حوالي (2522,6 م3 ) بينما بلغت حصة كل فرد م3/سنة من المصب العام حوالي ( 959,19 م3 ) اما بالنسبة لمبزل شرق الغراف ومبزل الغراف الكبير فبلغت حصة كل فرد م3/سنة في كل منهما على التوالي ( 36,76 م3 ) و( 97,36 م3 ) على التوالي . وتبين ان حصة كل دونم من الاراضي الزراعية من نهر الغراف حوالي ( 2017,8م3 ) ,اما حصة كل دونم من الاراضي الزراعية من المصب العام حوالي ( 767,22م3 ) , وحصة كل دونم من الاراضي الزراعية من مبزل شرق الغراف ومبزل الغراف الكبير بلغت حوالي ( 29,41 م3) و( 78 م3) على التوالي . وتبين من خلال تقييم الموارد المائية ان بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية فيها مما يؤدي الى عدم صلاحيتها لشرب الانسان وللاغراض الصناعية , بينما تكون صالحة للاستخدام الحيواني ,الري ,والبناء والانشاءات , الا انه يمكن القيام ببعض المعالجات للمياه في سبيل التمكن من استخدامها للشرب وللاغراض الصناعية . كما بينت الدراسة ان ترب كتوف نهر الغراف ذات نسجة (مزيجية طينية) وتقع حسب نظام القدرة الانتاجية ضمن الصنف الثالث التي تكون ملائمة للاستعمال الزراعي الكثيف ,اما ترب السهل الفيضي المنخفض فهي ذات نسجة (مزيجية غرينية طينية) وهي ملائمة للزراعة بشكل معتدل, والترب الرملية تكون ذات نسجة (رملية) وهي ملائمة للرعي المعتدل . كما تبين ان النبات الطبيعي ذات اهمية كبيرة في حماية التربة من التعرية فضلا عن اهميتها في تحسين المناخ وتلطيف الجو فضلا عن تواجد انواع مختلفة من النباتات الطبيعية التي تكون ذات نسبة استساغة مختلفة للحيوانات وتعد مراعي جيدة للحيوانات . وتمكنت الدراسة من تعيين مواقع استكشافية لاماكن تواجد ترسبات الحديد واطيان الكاؤولين في قضاء الرفاعي . وتبين كذلك ان كمية الاحتياطي النفطي في قضاء الرفاعي يبلغ 9 مليار برميل وتتنوع فيه الكثافة من الخفيف الى المتوسط وهو ما يعطي مرونة في حركة التصدير وتنوع في اسعار بيع البرميل النفطي | The natural resources represent the basis rule to promotion the economic , social and services reality . that the study area is suffering from. The study aims to survey and classify the natural resources in AL - Rifai district, and that depend on the integration formula between remote sensing and geographic information systems , and then evaluated it by using local standards to indicate the possibility of exploitation and investment . The data of space for the sensor was used for the satellite landsat - 8 in survey and classification the natural resources and in one visible reality for 2018 , as well as the help of maps the topography , geology , and various synthetics and field Audit . was used also GPS to determine location that Audited and the samples taken by field . and a group software system are used integrally integrated in the visual processing of space that used and to extract information from them to serve the purpose of the study , represent by a group of programs ARC GIS 10.2 and ERDAS 2014 . climate data were also used and math rules and the results of laboratory analysis to study resource characteristics and evaluate it . The Australian system was adopted in the process of classification of natural resources for the study area , this is based on the classification of the land in the study through interpretation of space visualization , which is usually followed field visits to make sure that the data is correct which have been derived from space visualization and then maps are prepared for ground patterns, these map include descriptions of land patterns and their unity . Through assessment of the natural resources in the district of AL - Rifai ( for the solar energy wind energy , water resources , the soil , natural plant and metal ) for 2018 the result is : The amount of solar energy rising up especially in summer to reach the highest score in June it rise to (9.07 watt\cm2\day) they can be invested and exploited and there is no obstacle . And so it is for wind power the wind speed is rising for eight months from (February to September ) for the Standerd used to assess wind potential and take the benefit from them in generating electricity (3.2 m\sec) it is the summer months and so on it can be exploited and generate electricity from them . As for water resources the size of Annual water revenue of the Gharaf river amount ( 4976380800 m3) and for Almusab alam (1892160000 m3) and mabzal of west Al - ghrraf and the great garraf the amount (72532800 and 192369600 m3) respectively , when it evaluated with population and the area of cultivated land and suitable for agriculture they found that every one's share m3\year from Al Ghrraf river is ( 2522,6 m3) while every one's share m3\year in AL Masab Alam was (959.19 m3) and for mabzal west Al - Ghrraf and the great Garraf was every one's share m3\year in each of them respectively (36,76m3 and 97,36 m3) respectively , and show that share each Dunam of form land from Al Gharraf river is ( 2017.8 m3) and from Almusab Alam amount (767.22 m3) and mabzal of west Al - ghrraf and the great garraf the amount (29.41 and 78 m3) respectively . It is show throw the assessment of water resources some have physical and chemical properties in it . which leads to in ability to drink for human and for industrial purposes , while it be suitable for animal use , irrigation , building and construction , unless can do some water processors in order to use it for drinking and for industrial purposes . As study have showed that the soil bank of Al Gharraf river with mud tissue , it is located by production capacity system within the third category which are suitable for intensive agricultural use , as for the soil of low flood plains they are mixed clay - green tissue , they are moderately suitable for agriculture , and sandy solid be sandy and they are suitable for moderate grazing . as shown that the natural plants , it is great importance in protecting the soil from irrigation , as well as their important in improving the climate and tempering the atmosphere , as well as the presence of different types of natural plants that have a different taste for animal and it is good pasture for animal . The study was able to identify exploration sites for iron deposits and witayn al - kaolain in the district of Al Rifai . and it shown either that amount of Oil reserves in the district of Al Rifai was 9 billion barrel and the density ranges from light to medium which it gives flexibility in the export movement and a variety in Oil selling prices

تاثير المناخ على امراض الجهاز التنفسي (حساسية الجهاز التنفسي والربو) في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في المناخ التطبيقي

Author name: ايمان نعيم غضبان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Study of climate in Basrah and its impact on Asthma and other diseases of the respiratory system have revealed the following : - 1. Climate is the most effective factor in the study. Rise of temperature, increase of evaporation and the little humidity content in soil because of the little rainfall make it possible for the wind, particularly north and northwestly wind that is dominant in the area under study, to carry the decomposed particles of soil. This is particularly true in case of the alleviatory plain which constitutes a %50 of the area of the governorate. This area is characterized by being generally plain from the north to the south and that makes it easy for the wind to blow from it. These factors greatly affect the soil in many places in the governorate; especially its western part and the unused lands in the alleviatory plain because of lack of agriculture and of natural plants which protect soil. Because of all these reasons, dust increases in the area under study.2. Areas outside the range of the study have obvious effect on carrying the particles of soil from the surrounding governorates like Thi Qar and Muthana. Thi Qar, in particular, witnesses repeated dust storms. This, in turn, increases the amount of dust in the western part of the area under study. Most of the lands in these governorates are arid and dust coming from them dominates when northwestly wind blows. Dust may come from the deserts in the neighboring countries such as the Arab Peninsula, the great African desert, sham desert and Sinai. Increased iron in the dust of the area under study is brought by the dust storms coming from the neighboring countries to the governorate. These are also other factors that increase asthma and other diseases of sensitivity in the respiratory system.3. Dust increases in summer because of rise of temperature. Variation of temperature during the day leads to prevalence of dust. Also, currents that carry dust are made, more upwards and draw the dust particles from their sources. Therefore, dust prevails in the governorate is the afternoon when temperature is the highest during the day. 4. The water surface (marshes and swamps) in the eastern part of the governorate that occupy big area (3182 Km2) of the land during flood decrease the rate of asthma and other sensitivity diseases of the respiratory system in the towns and municipalities of the governorate such as Qurna and Mediana where these surfaces become places for settling dust and soil down. This is contrary to the case is the western part of the governorate where there are no such water surfaces. But, sometimes, these water surfaces have negative impact on the population in the governorate when temperature rises and humidity increases during summer and the weather becomes very tiring especially when the wind is still. The area under study is affected by the Arabian Gulf when the south easterly wind that is filled with humidity blows during summer. Because of this wind, patients of asthma, in particular, suffer repeated symptoms of the diseases.5. The rate of the diseases under study increases in the governorate in : a. Spring because of the existence of pollen and residue of the insecticide and fertilizers in air. b. Autumn in comparison to summer because of rising in temperature and increase of humidity in the atmosphere. c. Winter because of the low temperature and the high relative humidity.d. The many periods of heat rise in summer.6. Man contributed a lot to the increase of rate of diseases of the respiratory system in the area under study particularly after 1990. The year 1991 witnessed the highest rate of dust storms. Soil was very highly decomposed because of the movements of the explosives that were used, the different soil barriers that were made and man’s wrong practices in agriculture and grazing. Man, also, does not follow the appropriate means to stop sand dunes that reach many forms, factories and roads.7.Means of transportation in most areas of the governorate cause increase of still and moving dust because they are usually not good for movement and transportation. Any movement of these means causes dust. Besides, means of transportation release different dangerous pollutants that negatively affect the respiratory system.8. Petroleum refineries, electricity power stations, flour mills and ice factories are located near the population areas. This means that little care is given to the palming of the governorate. These establishments are also, reasons of such diseases. 9. Basrah, particularly recently, is exposed to dust because of the little green area in and around it. Construction processes reduce such areas that work to refresh and refine air. It is, therefore, very necessary to full the empty spaces with trees, to take care of private and public gardens and to clean roads and allocate specific places for gar bage. Besides, old wet houses in some places in the governorate contribute to increasing the diseases under study.10. Wet salty lands in Basrah governorate are considered as a type of desertification that pollutes air with salt and diminishes many lands that are fit for forming. 11. All the above mentioned reasons raise the number of patients of asthma and other sensitivity diseases of the respiratory system. The total number of such patients was during the time of the study as following : 85320 patients of sensitivity diseases and 119366 patients of asthma

الترابط المكاني للهطول المطري شمال دائرة عرض (36) فـــي العراق == Spatial Correlation of Rainfall North Latitude (360) in Iraq

Author name: سرى بدر حسين علاوي النجماوي
Supervisor name: اسباهية يونس المحسن | نجوان توفيق شريف الحاتم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:

الموازنة الاشعاعية والموازنة المائية المناخية لمحطات مختارة في محافظة نينوى والمناطق المجاورة لها == The Balance of Radiation and Climate Water For Some Selected Stations in Ninavah Governorate and Neighboring Regions

Author name: خضر جاسم محمد
Supervisor name: مخلف شلال مرعي | وليد اسمير جاسم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:

تقييم الكفاءة الخزنية والنوعية لبحيرة سد سامراء

Author name: صافي اسود حمود حمادة
Supervisor name: حاضر ظاهر محمد القيسي | صباح عبد الله صالح
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin

خصائص التراب الملحية وتوزيعها الجغرافي واستصلاحها في مشروع الوحدة

Author name: دلال فرحان فليح العبيدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad

ظاهرة التينو واثرها في درجة حرارة العراق وامطاره

Author name: رشا ماهر محمود الحيالي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad

جيومولوجية مجرى نهر دجلة بين الفتحة - شمال بغداد الطارمية

Author name: زينب وناس خضير الحسناوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad

التوزيع الجغرافي للملوثات المؤثرة في نهر دجلة بين بلد والمدائن

Author name: انفال سعيد داود
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad

جيومورفولوجية اقليم بحيرة الشارع باستخدام بيانات التحسس النائي

Author name: احمد ياسين علي السامرائي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad

جيومورفولوجية الجزء الشمالي في منطقة الجزيرة في العراق

Author name: اسيا هبة يونس المحسن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad

هور الحويزة

Author name: ماجد السيد ولي محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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