Show: 25 50 75 100 Results

Search results: 25 out of 533

دور المناخ في تباين الاستهلاك المائي لمحصول القطن في وسط وجنوب العراق == The Role Of Climate In The Consumptive Water Variation Use For Cotton Crop In The Middle And South Of Iraq

Author name: حيدر هاتف احمد الجبوري
Supervisor name: اسماعيل داود سليمان العامري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة تاثير الظروف المناخية في الاستهلاك المائي لمحصول من المحاصيل الزيتية في وسط وجنوب العراق الا وهو محصول القطن, وعلى هذا الاساس هدفت الدراسة الى تقدير كمية استهلاكه المائي مستندة الى عاملين رئيسين هما : - 1. العامل المناخي الذي يتمثل باس | This study tackles the effect of climate conditions on the water consumption of the oil crops in the middle and southern Iraq, namely, cotton. On that basis the study the study aims at evaluating the quantity of water consumption on the following two factors : 1 - The climate factor influences is represented by the use of the climate elements in evaluating the evaporation exudation which represents a great share of consumption depending on the experimental method in evaluation represented by Penman - Monteith Equation which was applied on the form of a computer program known as CROPWAT 8.0.2 - The botanical factor which is represented by the crop of KC.For the clarification of the image of the geographic distribution of the water consumption and linking them with the prevalent climate in the area of the study, the researcher used the climate data for (13) climate station distributed to the middle and southern of Iraq for the climate circle (31) years extending from 1983 - 2013. The study proved that the quantity of water consumed by the crop of cotton was little in the first stages of growth for the area of the study (94.4, 160.9 ml) in April and May respectively. Then, the rates began to escalate in the stages of ripening and flowering to (242.7, 319.3, 239 ml) in June and July respectively. They decrease in the harvest stage to (108 ml) in September. The study proved that the general line of evaporation - exudation during the season of cotton crop growth is declining in most of the areas according to Penman - Monteith Equation in the following stations (Tikrit, Kahnqeen, kerbala, Hella, Al - hay, Dewaniaym, Najaf, Nasiriya and Ammarah). While the general line shows a significant increase in the stations of (Baghdad, Simawah and Basrah). The water consumption varies during the season of cotton growth seasonally in the area of the study. The research divided the scope of study into two main areas depending on the rate of water consumption as follows : First : the low water consumption scope : this represents the southern party of the undulant area and the northern part of the Plain and the western plateau this includes (Tikrit, Kahnqeen, Baghdad, Ramadi, Karbala, Hella, Al - Dewaniaym, Najaf ).Second : the high water consumption scope : this represents the middle and desert plateau this comes second in terms of area and includes (Al - hay, , Nassriya, Simawa, Basrah and Ammarah). In completion to the statement of the role of climate in the variation of the water consumption quantity temporally and spatially the researcher followed the statistical analytic method to show the correlation between the elements of climate as independent variables and the water consumption as a dependent variable by the use of SPSS. The results show a strong correlation between the water consumption (Y) and the climate elements (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9) in the stations of ( Kahnqeen, Baghdad, Dewaniaym, Al - hay), and a strong correlation between the water consumption (Y) and the climate elements (x4, x5, x6) in the station of Simawa. The value of interpretation coefficient (R2) of the factors effecting the water consumption of the stations of (Kahnqeen, Baghdad, Al - hay, Dewaniaym, Simawa) which attained to (%0.93, %0.96, 0.99, %0.97, 0.77) with a confidence degree of (%0.95) for all stations. The test rate (F) reached confidence degree of (%99). The study also concludes the possibility of using the multiple decline model for the studied stations to predict water consumption of the crop of cotton in the future

التقييم الجيومورفولوجي لمنحدرات سلسلة كاره == The Geomorphological Evaluation Of The Slopes To Gara Chain

Author name: بسمة علي عبد الحسين الجنابي
Supervisor name: فاضل باقر الحسني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة التقييم الجيومورفولوجي لمنحدرات سلسلة كاره والتي تعد جزءا من نطاق الالتواءات العالية التي تمتاز بالتواءاتها المتعددة وكثرة تراكيبها الجيولوجية فتبلغ مساحتها (1591,378كم2) , اذ ينكشف في منطقة الدراسة تكوينات جيولوجية تمتد في اعمارها من | This study evaluation Geomorphologicaly the slopes of Gara chain , which is part of a high folded zone characterized by multiple folded and frequent geological structures of an area (1591.378 km 2), as revealed in the study geological formations area stretching in ages from the Triassic to the Miocene as well as deposits of returning to Quaternary age include nineteen exposed rock ranged between very extreme rigidity to fragile depositions , so it created a divergence in the nature of the surface of the severe land terrain and cut into plain land, then graded height between (357 - 2169 m) above sea level.the study area Affected by pressure , tensile and folding movement as well as cut off parts of them because of faults impulsivity and also been affected by the Geomorphological operations and prime factors over time, making it divided into (6) folds President and secondary , forming the Gara chain mountain hater, the climatic fluctuating conditions of warmth and humidity during successive time intervals work in the revitalization of erosion and weathering processes and cutting convex folds and concave with the current climate contribute to the erosion of the slopes of these folds fragments and ground materials transport of high convexity and extreme regions of regression to the concave and the less gradient slope , so the consequent availability of soil at the feet of the highlands and is considered one of the rich soils of minerals and elements useful arable despite the presence a few area , and the vegetation is affected clearly by the degree regression of the area being consistent with the presence of soil, higher the degree gradient less the soil and thus less it's presence, and knowledge of the natural characteristics that draw terrain features identified regression characteristics prevailing in the region, according to environmental variables so was applied both rating (Young, Demek, Zink) but it is matched in terms of class regressions differed in terms of topography realism of the area, so we've put a detailed classification of a special study area depends on the basis for determining the topographical nature, so it divided in to six regional slopes , it has been matching those regions later with rocky nature so it result inverse relationship between them.The study proceeded to analyze and interpret landforms associated with slopes and processes affecting them and determine the types of material movement on the slopes of these cliffs and determine the extent of their response to these operations, as the region as a whole strongly water erosion affected as prevailed where the intensity is very high erosion amounted percentage (70.84%) of the total area of the study area, followed by severe erosion, which amounted percentage (16.95%) of the total area, and third place it was the intensity of high erosion, reaching a rate of (9.83%) of the total Gara chain space. The wind erosion was simple impact on the region as erosion susceptibility results showed that it ranged from very few erosion in each of the stations Zakho and Dohuk and medium erosion in Aqra station, making these processes contribute to changing the morphology of the slopes from one place to another over time.The study found that the elected water basins of the Gara chain , which included (22) basin hydraulically taken forms between circular and rectangular as well as basins taken an oval forms , this means lower signify the risk of flooding after heavy rain in the valleys and high in other valleys, particularly those valleys with a circular shape, The terrain characteristics has indicated that variation terrain values and the rate of basin texture as a result of the different nature of the rock formations, that although the majority of basins undergoing maturation, and the amount of sediment derived from each of these basins during the year is inversely proportional to the degree of regression rate.In light of these data, the study summarized by setting a standard takes into account the processes and factors Geomorphological most influential on the slopes of the cliffs as this standard ensures determine the reagon risk based on the nature of the rocks and the degree of regression according to the rating for the detailed study area and intensity of water erosion, which are classified into four reagon of danger which is low - risk represented a percentage (64.32%), and the average risk, which represented (9.17%) the risk represented by percentage (15.47%) and extremely dangerous was (11.04%) of the study area and an area that has been its impact on determine the appropriate parts of the Gara chain for the purpose of human use and benefit as a promising lands possess natural ingredients can be used after a proper planning in the future

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي الركاش == Geomorphology Of The Wadi Al - Rkash Basin

Author name: بشرى خليل داخل حسن الشمري
Supervisor name: هالة محمد عبد الرحمن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى الكشف عن الخصائص الطبيعية في حوض وادي الركاش والعمليات الجيومورفولوجية السائدة فيه والتعرف على اهم الاشكال الارضية الناتجة عنها وعلاقة هذه الاشكال بوجود الموارد الاقتصادية في المنطقة وامكانية استثمارها.يعد وادي الركاش احد الاودية الموسمي | The study aims at revealing the natural characteristics of the basin of Alrakash Valley and the prevailing geomorphological processes in the basin, as well as identifying the resulting earthly forms with the existence of the economic resources in the area and the possibilities for investment. Alrakash is one of the seasonal Valleys whose water is expensed inside the Western Hills, when its high resources starts from the south Eastern parts of Al Anbar province, heading towards the north east until it meets Tefrawi and Wadi Al Salam Valleys to the right by the salty Valley of Jeffir. Then all forms one valley ends with the Al Razaza Lake in Karbala province. Through studying the geological structure, the valley proved to contain deposits the third and the fourth east, in addition to the existence of cracks and (69) liner structures the affects the stream of valley and its secondary branches. The topographic study revealed that the basin lies in the lower valley area and it was divided into five height categories that may affect the general decline of the area, represented towards north east, which is divided to five decline categories. The old climate left its traces on the formation of the geomorphological visages in the basin, as well as the role of the current climate. The study reveals the characteristics of the mixed gypsum desert soil by taking four samples with structures scope of about very rough to medium smooth with a little organic content, reflecting the density of the natural plant of the area. The number of wells is (21) with variable suitability for usage according to physiological and chemical characteristics. The vegetation coverage is featured for its shortage and variety. represented by being seasonal and perennials. The morphometric characteristics reveal an area of (455) km2, a length of (55.7) km, a width of (8.17), and a perimeter of (174.4) km. this is divided into five sub basin is of (230.6) km2 area, that forms a ratio of (50.7 %) of the total area basin, getting closer to the shape of a triangle. It was the shape coefficient (0.144), The ratio of its circulation is (0.187) and its elongation is (0.432). the basin passes through aging phase throughout its life cycle, when its Hypsometer variable is of (16.765 %), additionally the basin reveals that it is in the sixth stage with a Bifurcation ration of (33.4) and a curve factor of (1.170). The earthly forms resulted from the geomorphological processes varied and categorized according to their seven forms, represented by the structural - even ground forms, the erosion ground forms, the deposit ground forms, the carsick ground forms, the ground forms resulted from the motion of the material, the evaporating ground forms, in addition to the forms resulted from the work of the living creatures. The ground basin is also categorized according to Unsupervised Classification into three ground unites, represented by the water deposit unit, the water erosion flat ground unit and the poor ground unit, accordingly the relationship between the form of the surface, the natural resources is evaluated, in addition to the human activities in the area

مظاهر تصحر المواقع الاثرية في محافظة ذي قار واثاره البيئية باستخدام التقنيات الجغرافية == Archaeological Manifestations Of Desertification In Thi Qar Province And Environmental Effects Of Using Geographic Techniques

Author name: امل حسين علي الموسوي
Supervisor name: رحيم حميد عبد ثامر العبدان
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The study entitled (Archaeological Desertification in Thi - Qar Governorate and its Impact on Environment) deals with the influence of archaeological sites in initiating and increasing different shapes of desertification in the area under study. Nine archaeological sites are chosen which are the most important and the biggest archaeological cities in the governorate including ' Larsa, Ur, Eridu, Tal Allaham, Umma, Um Alaqarib, Karsu, Tal Alhabaa, Zarghal ' in which this phenomenon will be investigated. By topography and satellite visuals, it is shown that in these cities which are towns, hills, highlands and sedimentary remnants play a great role, with the help of other human and geomorphological factors, in initiating and increasing desertification directly or indirectly. Among such factors is the geological structure and climatic factors such as high temperature in most months, a matter which causes evaporation. In addition to the few quantities of rains and long periods of drought cause the remnants in the area under study of low moisture content and then disjointed. Besides, other important factors have negative impact on these sites including : the elevations of archaeological sites, the physical and chemical properties of the soil, fewness of natural plant, wrong customs followed in agriculture, rareness of fenders and overgrazing. All these have roles in the ability of soil erosion, forming sand dunes and soil salinity which in turn lead to desertification.Moreover, the study covers the determination of the overall current geomorphological processes in the area of study which serves to crumble building materials and then changing these cities from castles, temples and ziggurats into heaps or remnants. These processes involve erosion, deposition, weathering, landslides and evaporation. All natural and human factors have roles in activating these processes which help desertification shapes such as : erosion of soil remnants and forming sand dunes, soil salinity, soil hardness and dust storms.Shapes of desertification are categorized into four categories : soil erosion (water and wind), sand dunes, dust storms, soil salinity and its waterlogging. All of them fall within severe desertification. The study also shows that there is temporal and spatial difference in the quantity of particles that wind remove from the surface of these cities according to the capacity of the climatic nature of the area. These two variables are the most important ones that govern the degree of windy erosion that forms sand dunes. On the contrary, this process disappears through rainy months, but increases gradually in drought period. Moreover, the study proves that the soil of the area is of high salinity and non - alkaline according to the American lab of salinity, and the spread of sand in the area.In addition, the negative impact of these shapes in the area and its spread to adjacent areas such as farmlands, irrigation canals, archaeological and tourist sites and transport ways. These are accompanied with increasing amounts of dust with different types. Consequently, these affect the civil life through causing respiratory system diseases, namely asthma, allergy and eye diseases. The study suggests the best ways of limiting the environmental impact in the current time and in future.

الخصائص الجيومورفولوجية لمجرى نهري الكحلاء والمشرح واثرهما على النشاطات البشرية == Geomorphologial Characteristics Of The Course Of Rivers Al - Kahla And Al - Msherah In Maysan Province And Its Impact On Human Activities

Author name: اشواق عبد الكريم حاتم
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق محمد البطيحي | اسامة خزعل الشريفي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة نهري الكحلاء والمشرح اللذان يمثلا احد الفروع الرئيسة المتفرعة من الجانب الايسر لنهر دجلة ضمن محافظة ميسان، بطول (59) كم لنهر الكحلاء الذي اتخذ اتجاها جنوبي شرقي في جريانه ,واتجاها شرقيا في جريان نهر المشرح وبطول(56كم)،بهدف دراسة خصائص الع | The study addressed the rivers Al - kahlaa and Al - Musharah which represent one of the main branches branching from the left side of the Tigris River within the province of Maysan, a length of 59 km of the river Al - kahla which was taken Southeastern trend in flowing. And oriental trend in the flow of the river Al - Musharah and a length (56 km) the aim of study geomorphological processes prevailing characteristics in the longitudinal sections of the two rivers and identify natural and human factors affecting the activity and work, To highlight its role in the formation of ground features and detected trends geomorphological changes in the flow of rivers and determine the impact of an extension and its evolution the various human activities. The study focused on the field reconnaissance of natural and human factors that affect the functioning of geomorphological processes and identified the causes that led to the fork of the Tigris River from his left side to two branches, The study proved that the geological characteristics of the installation the formative besides regressions morphologies characteristics are responsible for the existence of branches of the Tigris River, because the area constitute a the rivers are lower stream of approximately (3 - 1 m) and represent a natural direction for Land depth, according to Country data flow of the Tigris River water Because rivers Al - kahlaa and Al - Musharah are identical in the direction of flow with the direction of the flow of the Tigris River, and a repeat of flooding in this direction has produced an outlet watery continuously toward the two rivers causing it to the formation of such a course, and especially that the configurations being the rivers are depositions disassembled little of resistance to erosion processes and removal by the flood waves the increase in water season, This is proven by the hydrological study, which showed that the increase in water Al - kahlaa River system follows the natural state of water in the rivers to increase starting in January until the month of May at an annual rate (70 m3 / s), Al - Musharah river human interventions have shown by bridging Amara and rhyming Al - Musharah control evident in the amount the drain by a large margin for Al - Musharah River as it reached the peak of discharge of during the month of May annual rate (17.7 m3 / s) And that this period represents the duty cycle geomorphological and soil erosion or earthmoving work in this stream and then discharges decline starts to begin the two rivers new phase represents a period of low water levels and a weak output and business activity geomorphological the sedimentary and this period is between July until the end of the month of December, Was it studied soil characteristics to identify the their physical properties to determine the extent of its response to the operations geomorphological the existence of a close correlation between the severity of erosion and soil type spun relationship because the soil, the less the content of the muds become less resistant erosion and this factor is very important to explain the disparity in the dredging activity and erosion between the part and the last of stream river and through laboratory analysis of samples of river banks show that the soil mix overcome it alluvials mud, The island's soil has the results of laboratory analysis showed it's completely different in their webs from the banks of the soil as it is of a very high content of sandy soil compared to banks, as it was found to contain a proportion of sands ranging between (70 - 54%) So it is with a soil mixture sandy, well considered human activities of the factors influencing the hydrological and dynamic water in the stream and thus appeared to her reflections on the activity of geomorphological dredging and the sedimentary processes and represented agricultural activity, irrigation, animal husbandry and the activities of the civil rights of (dams and head regulators, roads and bridges), which was a larger role through the its pillars, which occupy a large space of the stream and facing water flowing, which had a role in the revitalization of aqueous deposition stream, The dams and head regulators it may larger role in controlling the hydrological system represented water quantity and discharges and this was reflected on the activity of drift and the sedimentary before the water regulator and several as it has been monitoring the activity even after regulator the output speed and high the troubled water flowing from the regulator, as the increase in stream capacity after regulator (10m) Activity drifting stream capacity is not restricted, but it has spread to affect the depth of the stream, with the increase in the depth of the stream after the regulator (2) m for the same reasons, a high apocenosis and turbulence of the water. Study geomorphological processes focused on the analysis of topographic maps and aerial photos and visual space, along with the field survey has been withdrawn different water samples "the temporal and the spatial" analyzed the laboratory to measure the concentration of loads (soluble, plankton and benthic), Show that the concentration soluble load inversely proportional to the quantity of water and discharges of water in the river that is, they declining in the water increase season and rise in water scarcity season, And also containing ions are of positive and negative such as calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in varying proportions content in time and space and the total content makes the water are invalid to drink human according to Global and Iraqi specifications but are valid for irrigation and for all crops and plants. As for payload plankton were measured for calculating on the ground using a device being discharged (Home Made Tools) Show that the highest proportion of the load of plankton measured against the near the surface of the water and diminishing vertically towards the bottom of this is due to the liberation of surface currents and speed that exceed the speed of currents beneath them as evidenced by field measurements ranged discharge loads plankton speed in Al - kahlaa River between (1, 31 - 1,1 kg / s) and ranged quantity (140, 30 mg / l) in the measurement range, (A) near the water's surface, As for Al - Musharah River has a load ranged from plankton (1508 - 67 mg / L) within the measurement range of the near surface As for A discharge load plankton speed ranged between (12.7 - 0.9 kg / s).It was measured benthic load device (Bed Load Transport meter Type Arnhem) for monitoring the movement of sediments every half an hour was the amount of the load of the river bottom Al - kahlaa ranged between (2521.8 - 583.4 tons / year), while ranged in Al - Musharah River (17277.5 - 1003.9tons / year). Was characterized by the processes of sculpture and deposition with varying their activities where he showed the field of measurement and using a topographical map for the year (1980) and the visual space of the year (2013) by measuring the (229) points on the two rivers by 119 measuring points of the River Al - kahlaa and (110) measuring point of the River Al - Musharah Audited measurement on the ground for 10 points, Confirmed the measurements made to (42) points, I noticed a sculptural activity in Al - kahlaa River and 10 points have confirmed the presence Activity sculptural in Al - Musharah River and what remains of the points confirmed the existence of Activity sedimentary which means sovereignty Activity deposition process is clearly on the course of the two rivers. The study focused on the survey and analysis of the morphology of the Stream bed by a device (ADCP) to determine the geomorphological work directions and points of impact in the stream, Has been longitudinal sections and occasional Drawing of two rivers and their branches by 390 measuring points were identified to measure its dimensions and characteristics of the future and their impact, by checking out the space visuals and modern topographic maps and field surveys indicate the presence of multiple river manifestations such as cornering the river where they were monitored (37) turn and twisting and carrot river (9 guestrooms) and tongues fluvial (river banks of the updated) of (19) of the tongue has been measured dimensions and determine the factors responsible for the its formation, The study revealed a river delta of the River Al - kahlaa shaped my finger (foot the bird) were quantified lengths of the branches and the plains of the delta area and the rate of decline of the delta plains and the direction of the gradient. It resulted in the total hydrological changes and geomorphological during the period (1980 to 2013) of the establishment of the helm Amara and head regulators Al - kahlaa and Al - Musharah and pounded the old dam (1992), a series of fundamental changes in the geomorphological status of stream and the impact of natural and human factors, and that left the various its effects and visible fingerprints in the dimensional morphological manifestations ground in the two rivers.

اثر موقع واتجاه محور الاخدود وارتفاعه في شدة المنخفضات الجبهوية في العراق == Effect Site And Direction Trough Axis And Height In Severity Frontal Depressions In Iraq

Author name: احمد ماجد عباس الجبوري
Supervisor name: يوسف محمد علي حاتم الهذال
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Aim of the study in the search for effect of site and direction of axis of the trough and a height in intensity frontal depression in Iraq , in order to find out after more sites and trends axis trough of other , as it was relying on it on the analysis of weather maps daily compared to basis standard rain that was extracted by using equation of the standard deviation , and from which reached into three categories rain (above average and close of it and without it) , this was dependent the data rain daily period (1995 - 2008) for two observations (00) GMT and (1200) GMT , besides the analysis of weather maps that locked within three , the level (500) mille bar to locate the direction of axis of the trough , level of (1000) mille bar to select type of the frontal system , the level (850) mille bar it has been approved to determine the depth of the frontal system. Has been shown by the product of the study that Iraq is affected by three sites of troughs , the first site trough western and the location west of Iraq , the second site trough above the study area and this type of websites that cover the study area fully to almost the entire , as for the third is the site trough the east and the location of the east of Iraq , as to the direction of axis of the trough has appeared also three axes : the first axis of the trough north - south (vertical) , the second axis northeastern - southwestern(lying down on the right) , the third axis northwest - southeastern (lying down of the left). During the reached concluded that the site trough western (west Iraq) was the most locations influential in frontal depression accompanied by category rain over the average , interpreted so that Iraq is the bottom of the arm of the rising the trough prevails operations escalation antenna formed frontal depression surface , it also shows that the axis of the trough north - south (vertical) is the other also more hubs trough influential in frontal depression , because of the distance short broken of pole to tropical and gets amendment to the characteristics of the block airway or might be modified little , more over it became high trough its effect on the amount of rain falling , as the appeared trough analysis weather maps daily for high trough rise in the month of October November April and May , increasingly height in observation (1200) GMT with him in the (00) GMT , often accompanied by close of rain and without the rain , drop high during the winter of November , January and February , drop high observation (1200) GMT with him in the (00) GMT the result of the control of the block aerobic polar and deepen the trough often accompanied by category rain over the average. This is influenced by Iraq kinds many of frontal depression deep an shallow of Mediterranean low , Sudanese and integrated low , as it has been through search repeating this depression reached the presence of an increase in the frequency and Sudanese low the record ranked first frequently by analyzing the weather maps , accompanied by category rain above average and close of it and without it , according to the analysis rain data , comes the med - low to score a second place , and integrated rank the third and final. As demonstrated the study using methods statistical , according to what showed the result of the coefficient of person correlation between the site and direction of axis trough and the frontal depression and the relationship rain over the rate and close of it , indicated the presence of relationship link centrifugal strong the rain over the rate and site trough western , and weak to medium with sit trough above the study of area also the case from the rain close to rate , the relationship between the rain and direction of axis of the trough the back of a relationship link centrifugal intermediate between the rain over the rate and close of the amended with the axis of the trough north - south (vertical) and axis northeastern - southwestern (italic left ( , centrifugal weak with axis trough northwest - southeastern (italic right

تاثير المناخ في المقنن المائي لمحصول البطاطا في محافظات بغداد وبابل وواسط == Climate Impact In Water Rated For Potato Crop In The Governorate Of Baghdad , Babylon And Wassit

Author name: ابراهيم عبد شندي الساعدي
Supervisor name: سلام هاتف احمد الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study tackles the effect of elements of the climate in the water rated for potato crop in the governorate of Baghdad , Babylon and Wassit as it represented the main question the study the problem revolves around Are elements of the climate impact in the watery rated for the potato crop in the governorate of Baghdad, Babylon and Wassit ? The hypothesis has been fired from that represented an answer that there are elements of the climate impact in the area of the study in the net water rated for the season potato crop growth ( spring and autumn ).The study demonstrated existence of potential climatic climate in the area of the study are compatible with the climatic requirements for the cultivation of the potato crop made it occupies the forefront in terms of cultivated area , production and average yield , The study demonstrated existence of the change indicate in the elements of climate extending from ( 1985 - 2014 ) can be counted a clear indication of the occurrence the beginning of climate change if this trend continues in the future, in turn will increase the rated water for the crop.The study proved that the quantity of the net water rated for potatoes crop by all irrigation method ( surface , sprinkler and drip ) variation spatially and temporally in all of the study area stations during the season potato crop growth ( spring and autumn ).the researcher followed the statistical analytic method Results of the study demonstrated that , proven through multiple linear regression model and multiple correlation having a very strong positive correlation between the net water rated in the study area tations and the most influential climatic elements relationship ( hours of actual sun shine, minimum temperature, degree normal temperature ,maximum temperature, wind speed at a level of 2 meters, evaporation from pan A) , also proved the existence of a very strong correlation is negative between the net water rated in the study area stations and the most influential climatic elements ( atmospheric pressure ,dust storms, rising dust , suspended dust , relative humidity, rainfall ) , The study demonstrated the value of determination coefficients ( R2 ) to the most influential climatic elements and the net water rated in the study area stations during the season potato crop growth ( spring and autumn ) by all irrigation method ( surface , sprinkler and drip ) between ( 91.4% - 98.5% ). also proved the results of statistical analysis moral multiple correlation by test (SE) (T) with a confidence degree of (95%), and test (F) reached confidence degree of ( 99%).The study also concludes the possibility of using the multiple regression model for the studied stations to predict water consumption of the crop of potato in the future.

الخصائص الطبيعية في محافظة القادسية وعلاقتها المكانية في استغلال الموارد المائية المتاحة == The Natural Features In Qadissiya Government And Their Spatial Relationship With The Available Water Resources Exploitation

Author name: ابتسام عدنان رحمن الحميداوي
Supervisor name: علي صاحب طالب الموسوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيد المرسلين واله الكرام المنتجبين وبعد، يعد الماء اساسا للحياة وموردا حيويا يرتكز علية انتاج الغذاء ويشكل اهم عناصر البيئة، كما انه يؤدي دوررائيسيا في التنمية الاقتصادية بجوانبها المختلفة، فالماء مصدر الحياة | Praise be God , lord of the worlds , and prayer and peace be upon the lord of messengers , Mohammad and his honorable. water is a main thing for life. it is a vital source on which food production is dependent. it represents the most important element of nature , and plays a main role in the economic development in its different aspects. water is the life source , and is the most precious element of nature , especially in the dry and semi - dry regions. map of water is almost computable with that of life. Due to the increasing importance area and intensity of agricultural lands are determined, any achievement of that will depend on how efficient we explain waters according to the modern scientific methods of irrigation. because of the limited and scarce water resources , its necessary to make use of what is available of them efficiently in order to reduce wasting , depending on the methods that achieve that.The study comprises six chapters , pervaded by a number of topics. the first chapter implied the theoretical framework which included the study problem , suppositions and importance , in addition to previous studies and scientific terms and concepts while the second chapter , represented in the natural features of the study area , it focuses on the detailed natural features such as those of location and geological and topographical status , in addition to the climatic features and features of sail and natural plant. the second chapter shed the light on the characteristics of the agricultural - irrigative in the governorate.As for the third chapter, it implied the geographical extensions of rivers' networks and irrigation streams in the governorate , and focuses on studying the development of Euphrates waterway as being a vital artery for the governorate lands while the second section focused on studying resources of its water be for entering the governorate.The fourth chapter studied ways and methods of irrigation and their systems in the study area through focusing on ways of water conveyance and irrigation in the first section. in the second section , we talked about organization of irrigation and drainage process , in addition to the water needs and control installations.The fifth chapter was entitled ( A geographical Evaluation of Rivers Network and Irrigation streams Efficiency in the governorate ). while the sixth chapter evaluated the geographical extensions of rivers' network and irrigation streams, besides, evaluating the methods and ways used in the irrigation and water waste in the second section of this chapter , we studied the increasing salt portions in the water and soil of the study area and analyzed them.Lastly , the study reached a number of conclusions and some recommendation that can be made use of to meet the aims the study tried to achieve in order to reduce the problems the watering - irrigative statue suffer from in Qadissiya governorate

التباين المكاني للشذوذ الحراري في مناخ العراق == Spatial Variability Of The Thermal Anomalies In The Climate Of Iraq

Author name: صدام رزاق عبود
Supervisor name: مالك ناصر عبود الكناني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الى الكشف عن طبيعة التباينات الحرارية المكانية بين محطات الرصد الجوي الواقعة على دوائر عرض متشابه في العراق للمدة (1970 - 2015), اذ بطبيعة الحال لابد ان تتقارب كمية الاشعاع الشمسي الواصلة الى المحطات المناخية الواقعة على دائرة عر

هيدرولوجية شط الغراف واستثماراته

Author name: حسن سوادي نجيبان الغزي
Supervisor name: ماجد السيد ولي محمد العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

هايدروجيومورفولوجيا حوض وادي ابو مريس في محافظة المثنى واثره في التنمية الاقتصادية == Hydromorphology Of Abo - Morais Valley Basin In Al - Muthana Province And Its Impact In The Economic Development

Author name: ايمان شهاب حسون
Supervisor name: عبد الله صبار عبود العجيلي | حسين العيبي السوداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الهدف من الدراسة هو بيان الخصائص الهايدرولوجية والجيومورفولوجية لحوض وادي ابو مريس الواقع في الجزء الجنوبي الغربي من الهضبة الجنوبية بمساحة(332,148) كم², امتدادا من حدود محافظة المثنى مع محافظة النجف تحديدا شمال غرب بحيرة ساوه، المحصورة بين دائرتي عر | The aim of the study is to show the hydro - geomorphologic characteristics of Abo Morais valley basin which lies the south western part of the southern highland with an area which extends (332, 148 square kilometer) from the borders of Al - Muthana province with Al - Najaf province specifically to the north west of Lake Sawa which extends between (31, 22 - 30, 56) latitudes northward and (45, 30 - 44, 30) longitude eastward. The study deals with physical characteristics of the area showing the spread of formations of the Eocene epoch represented by the formation of Al - Damam, Euphrates, cave and the deposits of the Pleistocene epoch represented by the deposits that fill the valleys, downhills and wind deposits via the morph - metric analysis of valleys of the study area, it has become clear that the valley have taken the rectangular shape that the elongation rate (0.4) in the whole basin of Abo - Morais because the study area was affected by faults and gorges. The hypsometric coefficient of the basin was (13, 45) which indicates the beginning of the geomorphologic development of the basin. Hydro - logically, the hydro - equation shows that the area suffers from water shortage in nine months extending from(March to October) while in (December, January, February) Al - Samawa (15, 12mm ) in Al - Najaf plant. SCS - CN equation has been used to estimate the size of the flow which depends on the soil type of basin and its permeability. Earth cover type of the basin have been classified to calculate CN values which indicate that the rate of CN value of the whole basin was (82, 50) which is a high value referring to the valley permeability deficiency. The roof low size for twenty years amounted to (33, 42) million square meter which is a step to apply the water harvest technique in the basin of the area due to its hydro - geomorphologic characteristics. As for the supply of the ground water, the water leaking through the soil and porous rocky layers of the same valleys reached (18,3 - 11,7) million square meters. This amount of water constitute the so - called ground water renewable storage. The study determined the validity of the ground water for the different human purposes whether potability or using it for the industrial and constructional irrigation. It has become clear that the ground waters are not valid for the human use and valid for purposes of plants and animal irrigating and for industrial purposes. The study determines the suitability of the lands and classified the ground cover and also showed the ways of developing its resources.

جيومورفولوجية مروحة دويريج الفيضية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS والاستشعار عن بعد RS == Geomorphology Of Diwearege Alluvial Fan By Using Remote Sensing (RS) And Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

Author name: علي طالب حمزة الطائي
Supervisor name: محمد عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The fans flooded one of spreading shapes that formed as a result of the availability of several factors, including tectonic, climate, topography, hydrology, and represents the fan one of these shapes formed in the southeastern part of Iraq, at the feet of the Iranian hills, and occupied space (1608.74) km2 and are all located inside the Iraqi border and within the province of Maysan, either her pelvis area reached (3582.87)km2 and the Association located within the Iranian border. A stronomicall Diwearege fan located between latitudes (31°40,56 - 32°10.41) north and the to the longitudes (47?18.15 - 47?51.39) east. The study aims to find out the main geomorphological and hydrological characteristics in the fan alluvial configurations, as well as to detect and track the inception stages of formation and evolution, through the study of their properties spreading, in addition to studying the water basin, which represents the main source of deposits. The use of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) in the interpretation and analysis of visual and satellite digital elevation model (DEM). To get maps and geological structures of sin and maps of the surface, including the slope and direction and morphometric maps of water basins and land cover classification. And that helped to draw a geomorphological map of the fan. Through the relationship between the factors and processes geomorphological problem of the appearance of the ground and geomorphological units associated with them.The study found that the tectonic factor in the role originated fan where study area is located between two unstable tectonic. As well as the role of climate change in the growth and development of the fan, where grown and developed fan on the basis of four stages was during the era of Albulallostosen, as well as the worker hydrological and goal Basin propeller role in the growth and development of the fan through what moves them from the sediment through the rain periods, as well as the role of the worker hydrological in the evolution of the fan through the course of the river has changed and thus increase the fan area and change the geometry of her, as well as its role in increasing the thickness of the fan through the distribution of secondary points deposition on the surface of the fan, especially in parts of the lower ones.It turns out that the geomorphological processes active role on the roof of the fan and a private water erosion, as characterized by three types of erosion are Sheet and Rill and Gullies and this is due to the floods that have hit the fan.The study found that there are four varieties of shapes geomorphological on the surface of the fan, and that most of these forms the rule is problematic with watery origin precipitation, but the problem with the water origin erosion.It was found by classifying land cover fan Diwearege that there are six categories, namely, (barren land, covers are salinizaion, water cover, vegetation, bogs, agricultural land). An evaluation of the fan in accordance with the appropriate and reactivity ground it includes four varieties of appropriate as well as four levels of the earth's susceptibility which is almost identical with Aedha and that most of these categories are valid to agricultural investment and found during the study that the fan is exposed to various degrees of environmental risk, especially floods which are exposed in wet seasons.Especially the lower parts of the fan.Show that can be harvested sources on the surface of Ruha to control floods and to take advantage of this water in agriculture and various purposes. The study conclusions and recommendations and a list of sources and Savior in English concluded.

هيدرولوجية المياه السطحية لحوض كلال بدرة واستثماراته في العراق باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Hydrological Surface Water Of Galal Badrh River By Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System

Author name: بشرى عبد الامير مرداس الكنزاوي
Supervisor name: حسن سوادي نجيبان الغزي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The study includes surface water hydrology of the basin of Klal Badra River, located in the eastern part of Iraq between longitudes (45 54 29 and 46 41 21) to the east, and latitudes (32 47 15 and 33 38 29) in the north. Fatigue stems Badra River from western parts of the mountains Bstkoh within Ilam province of Iran and descended towards the south - east to enter the Iraqi border in the border region of Arafat after being for a distance of 60 kilometers flows into the al shwaga marsh within the Iraqi province of Wasit. Basin area of Klal Badra (3658) 2 km and the length of the basin from upstream to downstream (106.7) km, and average display (38.28) km. The study aims to highlight the impact of natural and human factors in the hydrological fatigue Badra River and study characteristics morphometric Basin fatigue Badra and the statement of significance hydrological by studying the annual discharge characteristics and quarterly and monthly and contrast with the times as well as the study of water quality and the statement of their suitability for different uses after compared to international standards as well as build a hydrological model to estimate the flood peak (m3 / s) of the River fatigue Badra and duration expected his return Viha.aatmdt researcher on the analytical method based on an extrapolation of the data and hydrological information from topographic maps, satellite visual and radar for the study area, and have been relying on quantitative approach sports in building model hydrological to estimate the flood peak of KlalBadra River.The study included four seasons, which included the first chapter theoretical evidence and modus operandi, came second chapter titled factors influencing the fatigue Badra River which ensures natural factors and human again, and ensure that Chapter III study of morphometric characteristics of the basin of Klal Badra and implications hydrological while the last chapter was studying the characteristics hydrological River fatigue Badra,concluded the study a set of conclusions was the most important1 - The projects of control and storage of dams and reservoirs built in the upper and central basin are the most influence on the hydrological fatigue Badra River2 - Basin fatigue Badra from four secondary basins composed most of its territory is located in the Iranian side3 - The basin consists of six mattresses river, the number of waterways in all Mratbha (1460) stream4 - The four modes afternoon drainage basin fatigue Badra, a tree and the parallel and perpendicular to the radial pattern5 - The annual variation of discharge and quarterly and monthly and daily Badra River fatigue properties in Arafat's station during the study period of twenty years Abdaoua amount of water year 1993.6 - Match equations fuller and Sokrea results in guess drainage greatest expected to occur during the hundred years coming from the basin fatigue Badra when Arafat site, as it stood at the results of the equation for the first (1110 m3 / s) and indicated the results of the second equation to (1115 m3 / s)

العلاقات المكانية بين سكان الريف واستعمالات الارض في زراعة محاصيل البستنة في محافظة البصرة == Spatial Relationships Between The Rural Population And The Use Of Land In The Cultivation Of The Farm Crops In Basrah Province

Author name: حيدر ستار مشكل الحجاج
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The problem of the study is represented by the inquiry " Is there any spatial variation in the use of land for farm crops cultivation like date - palm cultivation and vegetables? " and " whether there is any spatial variation to rural variables which are related with the rural populations in Basrah province " and whether they (The Independent variables) have an impact in the spatial variation of the use of land in the Cultivation of farm crops (The dependent variable) in Basrah province. The hypothesis confirmed that there is a spatial variation for the variables of the farm crops and rural variables and also we can find that there is a spatial relationship between rural variables which are related to the rural populations (The Independent variables) and farm crops (The dependent variable) in Basrah province. The study indicates to the breadth of area that is occupied by the use of land in the cultivation of the farm crops as ,the rate of its area reached (109982) acre as it represents (53080) of the total crop area which is about (204428) acre. It was also shown that there is a decrease in the area of the ground occupied by the date - palm cultivation in Basrah province. Where it reached in 1952 , (222700) Acres , while it Significantly decreased till it reached in 2015 , (54890) Acre , and the reason for that is due to the negligence in the cultivation of palm for both natural and anthropogenic reasons. It is demonstrated by this study that there is an acceleration rates of growth of population of the rural , as it reached in 1977 , (223184) , While in 2014 , it rose to (550 985) , this increase in the number of rural people is accompanied with an increase in the rural manpower , rural workforce , the agricultural workforce , rural households and the rural households that are awarded the agricultural lands , but "the agricultural manpower" in terms of the relative importance took decreasing till it reached in 1977 ,(130.34%) , While in 2014 , it reached (%6025) and the reason for that is due to the availability of other employment opportunities other than agriculture and get on a fixed income and content.

جيومورفولوجية الجزر النهرية في مجرى نهر الفرات بين مدينتي الناصرية والقرنة باستخدام GIS == The Geomorphology Of The River Islands In Euphrates River Between Al - Nasiriyah And Al - Qurna Cities Using GIS

Author name: ايهاب عزيز درفش الزيادي
Supervisor name: حسين جوبان عريبي المعارضي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة ظاهرة الجزر النهرية في مجرى نهر الفرات بين مدينتي الناصرية والقرنة ضمن الحدود الادارية لمحافظتي (ذي قار والبصرة) في جنوب العراق, بطول (126.80) كم, دراسة جيومورفولوجية تطبيقية باستعمال نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS), لفهم وتحديد العوامل الطبي | This study deals with the phenomenon of river islands in the course of the Euphrates River between the two cities of Nasiriyah and Qurna within the administrative borders of the provinces of Dhi Qar and Basrah south of Iraq, for about 126.80 Km. The study makes use of geomorphologic applications by using geographic information systems (GIS) to understand and identify natural and human factors that influence the formation and development of river islands and geomorphologic process, in addition to the morphologic and morphometric characteristics of the islands, as well as human activities and future investments in the region. The study depended on the use of GIS programs and special field study by taking soil and water samples and drawing cross - sections by using (Acoustic Doppler Current Profile).The study area tectonically lies within the unstable pavement which is affected by the undersurface tectonic movements. Geologically, the area is covered by quartet time deposits that are new disjoint sediments like the deposits of the floodplain which result from the previous stages activities of the Tigris and Euphrates. They include old sediments which date back to the Holocene and Pleistocene ages. Topographically, the surface of the region is characterized by gradual decline from the north - west to the southeast which set the general direction of the Euphrates River.It has been noticed that there are a number of natural and human factors that play a prominent role in the formation and development of the river islands. However, the impact, contribution and interaction of these factors vary in the formation of this phenomenon. Where the natural factors represented by the geologic structure, the decline, and the characteristics of ancient and current climate, as well as the human factors represented by building dams and reservoirs on the basin of the Euphrates River, in addition to the different uses of the water (agricultural, industrial, domestic) and building bridges and waste discharge into the river are all factors that contributed to the formation of river islands within the study area.There is a close relationship between the geomorphologic processes and hydrologic characteristics of the flow of the river as well as the aforementioned factors. The processes that contribute to the formation of the islands vary between being of geomorphologic erosion nature or of sediment nature. This has impacted the classification of the islands according to the affecting process. Erosion islands resultant from the geomorphologic erosion operations lie to the north of the study area. Whereas sediment islands resultant from the sediment operations appear in the middle and southern sections of the study area.The variation of river islands in the study area in their types (permanent, seasonal, joint) and in their morphometric characteristics (dimensions, shapes and areas) is due to the geomorphologic processes that formed them.Visual satellite maps and topographic maps and historic evidence for three periods (1972, 1990, and 2015) were used to interpret the geomorphologic changes within a spatial - temporal framework in the study area. Geomorphologic changes included identifying the location of the islands, their formation, development, transference and disappearance within the consecutive years of the study. The change of the islands and variation in their dimensions is resulted from the balance between the water system and the local geomorphologic environment.Twenty two islands appeared in the course of the Euphrates River between Nasiriyah and Qurna in 1972, and (35) islands in (1990) and (69) islands in (2015). It is noticed that most of the islands developed because of the change in the characteristics of geomorphologic processes from on period to another to reach its peak in 2015 to transfer into permanent islands in a percentage of 45% because of the activity of the sedimentation process. It has been found also that the first thing that the islands do as a natural reaction to their formation is dividing the river into subordinate courses in addition to the main course. Thus, the river appears divergent because of these branches; as a result it is described as braided river or divergent river.The degrees and percentages of the river divergence varied spatially and temporally according to the formation and centering of the islands. It has been found that there is an obvious and higher increase in the degree and percentage of divergence in the southern course of the (original Euphrates) than in the northern course. This is due to the fact that the southern course is longer than the northern one in addition to the increase in the centering of the islands in the southern course as a normal result of the increase of length.The study has shown that river operations, which resulted in the formation of geomorphologic shapes, have impacted the present human investments as well as the available potentials. Across its long history, the river contributed in the process of settlement. Its peregrination lead to the change of the locations of some villages and cities on its banks at that time. In addition to its impact on the variation of settlement types along its course. Where, the linear pattern prevails along the course of the Euphrates and its branches in the region.The emergence of river islands also contributed to the existence of a suitable environment for settlement especially in erosion islands in the northern parts of the course. River islands play an effective role on the other activities like agriculture, irrigation, herding and transportation, as well as its impact on tourism activities where they provide many attractive tourism potentials. Moreover, these islands are in the middle of the biggest marshes whether the central marshes or Alhammar marshes adjacent to the study area

جيومورفولوجيا مصب رافد الزاب الصغير - نهر دجلة == Geomorphology Of Eusteral Of The Lower Zab, Tigris River

Author name: سهيلة نجم عبد الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: فؤاد عبد الوهاب محمد العمري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الرسالة ( جيومورفولوجية مصب رافد الزاب الصغير - نهر دجلة ) الواقعة بين دائرتي عرض ( 01، 21، 35، 29، 06، 35 ) شمالا، وبين خطي طول ( 35، 32، 43 ـ 14، 22، 43 ) شرقا، الى الكشف عن العوامل المؤثرة في تشكيل مصب النهر من جهة وتوضيح علاقة الارتبا | The thesis, Geomorphology of Eusteral of the Lower Zab, Tigris River, which lies between the latitude (35, 06, 29 - 35, 21 , 01) North and longitude (43, 22, 14 - 43, 32, 35,) East, aims at discovering the factors effecting the river eustoral from one side and clarifying the connection relation between the terrain units and their reflections on the distribution of settlements and the land use. It made use of methodology adapted by (ITC) Institute in analyzing the effective environmental components in this formation, using remote sensing techniques and GIS to design the related maps. It used satellite data Land Sat - 1Mss (1973) - Land Sat - 7 ETM (2000), accompanied with processes of registration and enhancement to clarify and facilitate its supervised classification. It also used radar data received in 2000 though which relief (elevation and slopes) construct the 3D (DEM) and show the effect of the structure factor in its formation. The study also studies the morphological characteristics of channel river patterns and found the relationship with its forming factors, (structural, climate and hydrological factors) The study contains four basic chapters; • Chapter One : deals with methodology of the study and its theoretical frame.• Chapter Two : concentrates on the constructing factors of the environment of the eustoral.• Chapter Three : consists of an analysis for the morphotectonic and relief and analyzing the river channel.• Chapter Four : concentrates on the land classification of the eustoral. And contained the terrain units and patterns of land use and also suitability and land capability.The conclusions of this study are : • It becomes clear that the area was affected by the Geographical Alpine movement accompanied with structural deformities that affected the shape properties of the Lower Zab. • The Quarterly Age Climate plays a significant effect in the changes occurred in the hydrological properties and their effect in the shape properties and terrain units.• The study shows that the Lower Zab is undergoing processes of dividing and islanding which means the dominance of braided patterns and the muchness of minor channels and their incessantly in the drought years as the isles with irregular form are the dominating property in their existence.• The existence of the small river bends with the muchness of the deep and shallow positions in the river waterway due to mix loads. • In the Lower Zab waterway dominates three types of floods; normal, exceptional and overwhelming floods. The first is the most occurring because of man’s control of this river through constructing dams and reservoirs (Dokan and Dibs Dams).

اثر المناخ في زراعة ونمو وانتاجية محصولي فستق الحقل وزهرة الشمس في محافظة ديالى == The Effect Of Climate At The Agriculture And Growth And Productivity Of Two Crops, (Pistachio Field And Sunflower) In Diyala Governorate

Author name: فليح حسن محمد ضاحي
Supervisor name: فليح حسن كاظم الاموي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/DHAMYA1/AT2015/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AD%20%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86.pdf
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تعد محافظة ديالى واحدة من المحافظات المهمة في زراعة وانتاجية محصولي فستق الحقل وزهرة الشمس ولقد اثبتت النتائج ان اكثر من (50%) من انتاج محصول فستق الحقل في العراق هو في منطقة الدراسة، وتتمركز زراعته في قضاء خانقين، وخاصة في ناحية جلولاء منطقة ( شيخ بابا ) | The Governorate of Diyala, one of the Governorates important in the cultivation and productivity of crops pistachio field , sunflower and has proven results that more than 50% of crop production Pistachio field in Iraq is in the study area , and stationed grown in Khanaqin , especially in Jalawla area ( Sheikh Baba) in order to provide the soil is light and data climatic and water as well as the hands of the workforce have extensive experience in this field , and the yield of sunflower Wesera almost in most sections of the study area and these crops have economic resource, a large , where entering in the edible oil industry , as well as the manufacture of soap and paint.And their importance to choose researcher this subject, ( the impact of climate on agriculture and the growth and yield of crops pistachio field and sunflower in Diyala Governorate ) and included research on the four chapters , the first chapter and section on two themes , First research titled theoretical framework , while the second section came entitled climatic characteristics of the study area , and the second quarter included a natural ingredient of the study area , and the third chapter section on two sections , Section I includes the climatic requirements of the crop pistachio field and sunflower in the study area , and came second section titled requirements and water balance , while the fourth chapter Vachtml on the use of the experimental method in determining the relationship the link between climatic elements on the one hand and between the productivity of crops pistachio , sunflower field in Diyala Governorate , and the results came as follows : 1 - Pistachio field : A - appeared strong positive correlation between productivity pistachio crop field on the one hand and between ( the rate the brightness of the sun, relative humidity, wind speed rate ) on the other.B - the emergence of a weak correlation between productivity Pistachio field on the one hand and between the ( accumulated temperature , total rainfall , total evaporation ) on the other.2 - sunflowerA - appeared strong positive correlation between the sunflower crop productivity on the one hand and between the ( accumulated temperature , rate the brightness of the sun) on the other hand , either ( evaporation rate) has emerged correlation is negative.B - the emergence of a weak correlation between the sunflower crop productivity on the one hand and between (total rainfall , relative humidity, wind speed ) on the other

المتساقطات الجوية في محافظة ديالى واثارها البيئية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Precipitation Weather In Diyala Province And Raised Environmental Using GIS

Author name: عقيل عبد الستار سعيد الزبيدي
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: The goal of this research is to know the temporal and spatial variability and qualitative air pollutants falling over the Diyala province of (2012 - 2013) through a number of monitoring sites distributed in all administrative units, consisting of the study area.Has been the study of natural and human factors to know the extent of their impact in the research problem , study has found that contrast temporal and spatial and qualitative Mtsaqtat air over the Diyala province, due to natural causes and of the location of the province adjacent to a number of provinces in the arrival of a lot of precipitation and the fumes from those provinces by the wind as well as the quality of the surface the temperature change and variation of wind speed and erratic rainfall and reverse in a specific period and the lack of surface water , and there are reasons for mankind , represented by industry and transport and the increase in population , which resulted in increased human activities that they practice and increase the amount of waste they come up factors also contribute to increased precipitation flights.It was the study of the contrast temporal and spatial and qualitative dust falling over the Diyala province in 2012 - 2013 by collecting samples of dust falling from the monitoring sites for the entire year where I got great hand on the first place during the school year as it was ( 729.1 g / m 2 / year) , and analysis dust falling on the monitoring sites throughout the seasons of the year for each chapter three months of winter , spring , summer and autumn , and then measure the heavy elements adherent to the minute dust by analyzed by special equipment for this purpose to know the concentrations of heavy elements mixed with minute dust classes year study showed the highest concentration of elemental iron ( 20501 mg / kg ) scored at the site of Khanaqin , the highest of the permissible limits. And find out the extent of the impact of this precipitation air on humans , plants and animals

الاشكال الارضية فـي حوض نهر الونـد وعلاقتها بتكتونية المنطقة == Landforms In Alwand River Basin And Their Relation With The Area Tectonics

Author name: زيد عبد محمود
Supervisor name: منذر علي طه الخالدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تمت دراسة الاشكال الارضية في حوض نهر الوند وعلاقتها بتكتونية المنطقة وما كونه النهر من مظاهر جيومورفولوجية متباينة شكلها عند مروره بالمنطقة المدروسة.تقع منطقة الدراسة في الجزء الشمالي الشرقي من العراق ضمن النطاق غير المستقر , وتغطي ترسبات الزمن الرباعي | The study deals with the geomorphologic shapes resulting from the river - curves in Alwand river and their relation with the area tectonics and the various geomorphologic aspects the river has done when it has passed by the study area.The study area has located in the northeastern of Iraq in unstable zone which is covered with the Quaternary sediments including the river sediments of Pleistocene and Holocene age.In fact , the various geomorphologic processes of the area have been studied as well as the natural features as geology , climate and soil.Moreover ,the morph metric analysis processes of the basins and drainages have been done using the modern techniques as remote sensing and Geographic information systems (GIS)to conduct the study and analyze the basin surface digitally. Also, this study has shown the existence of geomorphologic erosion - sedimentary features, these erosion processes have happened synchronously with the sedimentary processes including pleats and river curves as well as other sedimentary features as river islands ,natural levees and flood plain.The study has shown that the tectonic effect on Wand river causes many curves in its current ,that is the folding process happened because the effect of horizontal stresses which are pushed from the northeastern towards the southwestern caused by the movement and collision of the Arab plate with Iranian Plate. The earth manifestations in the study area caused by two forces : the internal forces represent the earth movement which cause the formation of folds and faults in the area. Such forces cause many geomorphologic phenomena of erosion - structural origin as Cuesta and Dhahr Alhalwf(hog back). The second forces are the external ones which represent the phenomena of erosion origin as caves phenomenon and honey combs phenomenon(Beyout alnahl),and other sedimentary origin as alluvial fans and filled valleys.In addition, the study also,proves that some of the earth movable material as rock fall ,and slab slid ,all these have happened because of the existence of rock discontinuities shown as joints (bc,ac) in the solid or hard sandstones.The desk analysis results have shown the directions of the longitudinal and transversal valleys in the land sat image(2013 TM landsat 5 250000 : 1)and have proved that there is a relation between bending valleys directions and the joints caused by the tectonic processes.This relation indicates that the transversal valleys employ the (ac)joints in their current which are vertical to the axis ply corresponding to the stress direction that causes the fold ,whereas longitudinal valleys tend to employ the (bc)joints corresponding to the axis ply which are considered as release joints happened after the calmness of the stress causing the folding.Through the positional studies of such joints in the field stations ,it has been proved that most of the joints in these stations take two directions : the first is the vertical to the fold axis between (050 - 060), and the second type is the joints which are parallel to the fold axis between (121 - 130).Some of the second type joints are considered as extension ones whereas the others are conjugate.Studying those joints and their directions shows that the study area has passed by a number of events. These events are horizontal compressive stress its direction is northeastern - southwestern followed by extension stress happened later. Then, the conjugate joints which are (Hko) type (a) exposed to great effect of whose direction is northeastern - southwestern causing the folding process.but the other joints have shown that there is no relation between the joints and the fold process but the reason is some different tectonic development which comes later. These joints have played an important role in delimitating the general current of Alwand river and its directions.

اثر عناصر المناخ في زراعة وانتاج محصول الرمان في قضاء المقدادية == The Effect Of Climate Factors In Planting And Producing The Pomegranate Crop In Al - Miqdadyah District

Author name: خالد احمد حسين خميس التميمي
Supervisor name: يوسف محمد علي حاتم الهذال
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: ان هذه الرسالة تبحث في اثر عناصر المناخ في زراعة وانتاج محصول الرمان في قضاء المقدادية وكان هدف الدراسة الكشف عن تاثير عناصر المناخ في زراعة وانتاج محصول الرمان.ومن هنا انطلقت المشكلة البحثية (ما اثر عناصر المناخ على زراعة وانتاج محصول الرمان في قضاء المق | This study aims at investigating the effect of the climate factors in planting and producing the pomegranate in Al - Miqdadyah district.So, the study problem began from the study hypothesis which suggest that (the climate factors have an influential effect in the prosperity of the pomegranate and the determination of its ripeness time.The climate factors the study deals with are (light, temperature, wind, humidity ,rain).Moreover, the study depends on theclimate data of the weather stations in (Khanaqeen and Khalis)for 12 years from(2001 - 2012).The study is divided into four chapters in addition to the conclusions and recommendations.The study has shown that the great temperature exceeded the usual levels during the ripping time and the gathered temperature was appropriate for planting the crop in the study area ,also the studyhas revealed that the rain levels were insufficient so they depended on supplementary irrigation. Moreover ,it has been founded a noticeable outbreak of many blights such as Mediterranean fruit worm and the Pomegranate trunk - carver particularly in the east of the study area ,actually changes in trends and average towards decreasing in vaporization /exudation caused decrease in the water consumption of this crop to be reflected positively in the reduction of water ration and water inefficacy.Besides , the study has shown that the pomegranate production trend is towards decreasing as proved by the statistical devices in Khalis weather station that(speed of wind, sun brightness, normal temperature) are the most effective factors on the production of this crop ,that is the (t - test)assures the significance of these factors with(95%)whereas the (F - test)assures the significance of these factors (99%)and the value of the selection coefficient(R2) is(97%).In Khanaqeen weather station ,the factors (speed of wind, sun brightness and lowest temperature )are the most effective ones in the production of the crop,that is the (t - test)pointed out the importance of the factor is(95%)for the lowest temperature and(0.99)for the speed of wind and sun brightness , whereas the (F - test)assures the significance of these factors (99%)and the value of the selection coefficient(R2) is(99%).

حوض وادي ورزان : دراسة في جغرفية الموارد المائية == Wadi W Arazan Basin A Study In The Geography Of Aquatic Resources

Author name: جلال عبده ابراهيم عثمان
Supervisor name: سعود عبد العزيز عبد المحسن الشعبان الفضلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study is aimed to assist. The aquatic resources in Wadi Warazan Basin in the Republic of Yemen in order to estimate the water balance with regard to the natural resources and the way of usage in the different fields of activities.The importance of this study depends on the fact that wadi Warazan Basin which is (412)Km2 is one of the most fertile a agricultural areas, moreover area it is regarded to be a tourism area. The second thing is that the basin is more close to Taiz city which suffers at the present from water shortage.The final results of the study show that : 1 - The most rainy seasons are spring and summer especially, in some few days during the rain season. The most rainy month is August (14.8%) of the total rain while December is regarded to be the lesser rainy month (0.7%). The rainfall estimations during (44) years is about (346 - 875.8)mm. 2 - The annual aquatic in Wadi Warazan Basin ts about (241 349 600)m33 - The ground water runoff increases during autumn, because it occurs after the rain season, where there are many quantities of the ram underground. In contrast, other months of the year has less drainage.4 - The armual drainage which is (3492)m3 per hour varies in (193.6%) because of it's close relation with rainfall. 5 - The (165.59)mm out of the total annual rainfall is found to a wasted aquatic quantities as a result of evaporation.6 - The Absence of specific channels, which leads to increase the evaporation rate in the valley. In addition the pools which fonned at the sides of the valley represented a suitable environments for transfer various diseases such as Schistosomiasis (Belhars) and Malaria diseases. 7 - The deviation factor of Wadi Warazan shows the variation in the compactness of their rocks, so the evaporation rate of ground water runoff produced as a result of the expansion of the area exposed to the sun light.Moreover barriers and folts at the long side are an important factors for ground water recharge.8 - The present consumption of the ground water appears to be in the higher rocky aquatic layer and the volcanic aquatic rocky layer third layer (Tawila Sandstone) seems to be unconsumed because it's (600)m deep.9 - The ground water is affected by the increasing number of wells.10 - The aquatic basin net work appear to be having a high density of valleys number about (1.05)/Km2 which affects the surface flow that makes floods danger is probable.11 - It seems that the aquatic basin resources may become unable to met the increasing demand of the area and Taiz city as regarded to be an alternative to solve the city water supply problem. Moreover, the rising of the population in the basin.

مراكز وامتدادات المنظومات الضغطية السطحية والعليا واثرها في مناخ العراق == Centers And Extensions Of The Lower And The Upper Pressure Systems And Their Effects On The Climate Of Iraq

Author name: جول ميخائيل طليا بيداويد
Supervisor name: طه رؤوف شير محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims at analyzing and explaining the effect of the frequency and the days of continuation of secondary and modern centers; and the extensions of the single, integrated and the extensions of adjacent pressure systems at lower surface and upper surface which is influencing the climate of Iraq.Analysis and explanation of hourly data of samples composed of three meteorological stations, i.e. Mosul (in the north), Baghdad (in the middle) and Basra (in the south) depending on the two observation measurements of (00, 12) have been done.The data has been converted into monthly rates for a duration of (11) years. Afterwards, the researcher extracted the rates of temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity throughout this study period.The study has demonstrated that the frequency percentage of the single systems was (53.90%), the integrated (40.81%) and the adjacent (5.27%). Lack of frequency of integrated and adjacent systems is due to the fact that, occurrence of integration and adjacency process requires conditions relating to the characteristics of the system itself : its depth and its power of influence. Furthermore, there is a duty for the surface effect which - if suitable - will contribute in decreasing their speeds and consequently lead to the integration and adjacency process. The study has also declared that Iraq is affecting because of the influences of surface and upper pressure extensions of the single, integrated and adjacent systems more than modern and secondary centers. This is due to the remoteness of Iraq from the territories of the evolution of the main centers of the pressure systems. Moreover, the study has also showed that, the Indian Seasonal depression is one of the most influential atmospheric depressions on Iraq's climate. The percentage of the frequency of itssecondarycenters was (46.39%) and its pressure extensions ratio was (47.01%). The annual rate of temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity for the two observations of (0000, 1200) at the Basra station - which is considering as the first Iraqi station influenced by the arrival of the Indian Seasonal cyclone, and the last station influenced by its withdrawal - during the progress of the cyclone's secondary centers were (27.6, 43.7)Co, (1003.5, 1000.3) millibars, (35%, 14%); and of the cyclones extensions were (26.6, 40)Co (1005.2, 1004.0) millibars, (44%, 18%).In compare with their pressure extensions, the study has showed that the secondary centers of the thermal depressions have recorded an increase in the temperature during their control over Iraq.As for modern centers of single and integrated anticyclones, they recorded lower rates of temperatures in compare with their pressure extensions, and values higher than their extensions. Due to the inverse relationship between temperature and relative humidity, the modern centers recorded humidity rates lower than their pressure extensions.With regard to the anticyclones, the Siberian high - with its modern centers - was the most instrumental anticyclone on the climate of Iraq. Its percentage was (52.56%); while the frequency percentage of their atmospheric extensions was (40.7%). As far as the European anticyclone is concerned, the lowest rate of temperature was recorded during its control of its modern centers and pressure extensions over Iraq. The annual rates of temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity during the control of its modern centers over Mosul meteorological station were (5.9, 13.5)C0, (1022.6, 1023) millibars, (81%, 50%), while during the progress of its extensions, the rates of the previous climatic elements arrived at (9.3, 18.8) C0, (1021.5, 1017.7) millibars, (79%, 47%).To identify the impact of length of duration of the pressure systems on temperature in Iraq, two pressure systems have been selected : the Siberian anticyclone and the Indian seasonal cyclone. Their continuance period has been divided into three categories : (3 - 6) days, (7 - 9) days, and (10) days and over. The ratio of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) - or as it is known as (F - ratio) - has been utilized to analyze the results. The study has concluded that, when calculating the continuance duration of both systems extensions the first category was the most frequent one. This is due to the fact that, the location of Iraq at the northern semi tropical latitudes give rises to the succession of pressure systems to come through. The results of the equation (the calculated values) - when compared to the critical value (in X2 tables) - have showed that there were no significant differences between the samples of the first days and the samples of the last days for the examined time series; i.e. Ho cannot be rejected. However, the absolute differences have been raised among each sample's data alone, i.e. among the years belonging to each sample alone, due to : 1 - The variance of the strength of the secondary and modern centers that deliver their extensions to Iraq.2 - The variance of the strength and the depth of the system and the arrival of its extensions to the pressure level of (850) millibars.3 - The effects of upper aerial waves which enhance or weaken the effect of surface the systems.

تقييم مستويات ضفاف نهر دجلة لتحديد المناسيب المائية المهددة بالفيضان لمدينة بغداد == The Evaluation of The Levels of Tigris River Bank To Determin The Rate of Water Threatened By Flood In Baghdad City

Author name: انتصار قاسم محمد
Supervisor name: اسامة خزعل عبد الرضا الشريفي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التباين المكاني لخصائص المياه الجوفية في محافظة كربلاء وعلاقتها بالاستخدامات البشرية == Spatial Variation of The Characteristics of The Groundwater In The Province of Karbala And Its Relationship To Human Uses

Author name: مروه وسام عبد العالم
Supervisor name: عبد الحسن مدفون ابو رحيل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تقع منطقة الدراسة بين دائرتي عرض (50 - 32 ) و(9 - 32) شمالا وخطي طول (10 - 43 ) و(18 - 44 ) شرقا وهي بذلك تقع ضمن المناخ الصحراوي وتتميز ايضا بقلة مواردها المائية السطحية مما جعلها تعتمد وبشكل كبير على المياه الجوفية في مختلف الاستعمالات البشرية لذا ك | The study area lies between latitudes (50 - 32) and (9 - 32) north and the longitudes (10 - 43) and (18 - 44) east. Therefore, this location lies within the desert area. It is characterized by the lack of surface water sources and depends completely on th

اثر المناخ في الري التكميلي لمحصولي القمح والشعير في قضاء بلدروز

Author name: ماهر ثامر سعيد فريح الـنداوي
Supervisor name: فليح حسن كاظم الاموي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى تحديد دور المناخ في الري التكميلي لزراعة محصولي القمح والشعير في قضاء بلدروز الذي يقع في الطرف الجنوبي الشرقي من محافظة ديالى, لبيان مدى تاثير عناصر المناخ على زراعة المحصولين ومقارنة كميات الامطار الساقطة مع الاحتياجات المائية لكل محصول
1 ... 13 14 15 16 17 ... 22