Author name:
عبد الجليل عزيز كريم
Supervisor name:
فاضل عباس منشد العبادي | حيدر عباس مهدي الحسيني
Abstract:
تضمنت الدراسة الحالية تحضير وتشخيص قاعدتين من قواعد شف، حضر الليكاند الاول L1 من تفاعــل 2 - هيـدروكسي - 1 - نفـثالديهايد مــع الـسلفاميثوكسازول، وحضر الـثانـي L2 مـن تـفاعــل 4 - استميدوبنزالديهايد مع 4, 3 - داي امينو تلوين. شخص الليكاندان باستخدام ت | The present work includes a preparation and characterization of two schiff bases compound, the first from (L1) reaction of 2 - hydroxy - 1 - naphthaldehyde with sulphamethoxazole, and the second from (L2) reaction of 4 - Acetmidobenzaldehyde with 3, 4 - Diamino toluene. These compounds were characterized by the Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H - NMR), Mass Spectra, and the results were virtually identical to what is expected. It has been determined LD50 for the two ligands - after dissolved dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO - and account for them safe therapeutic dose, reaching 0.14 g / kg and 0.24 g / kg, respectively. In order to see the effectiveness of the two ligands on the parasite compared with the infected group and treatment with a drug metronidazole, these two ligands have been administered orally the therapeutic dose each separately on two groups of mice which infected by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Three other groups of mice that non - infected have been also administered separately with the parasite first and second ligands and dimethyl sulfoxide, to see some of the side effects of these three compounds in comparison with the two groups of positive and negative control. At the level of probability (p ? 0.05), the results of statistical analysis show a significant variation, remarkable inhibitory effect of the number of cysts that reached the less impact to the second ligand rate about 2.9. in the seventh day of the injury and treatment. In the fifth day of the injury and treatment, the highest inhibiting effect of metronidazole was at a rate of 0, while in the seventh day of them, the first ligand was a compromise in effect, amounting to at a rate of 1.1. The Histological study of tissue of the cecum, liver and spleen showed a normal state for a negative control, and an occurrence of severe tissue changes in a positive control. In the cecum tissue, the mucosal was thin, and there were crashes in the crypts of Lieberkühn, with infiltration in inflammatory cells, as well as the expansion of the cells lining the crypts, and the disappearance of or crash submucosal layer, as well as severe hemorrhage in muscularis, and thickening in serosa. There was severe congestion of the blood vessel which was observed in liver tissue, as well as thrombus which appeared attached to the wall of the blood vessel, and infiltration of inflammatory cells out of the blood vessel toward the hepatic tissue, especially macrophages and eosinophils. It was also noticed the disappearance of hepatic architecture with degeneration of the liver cells and a clear sinusoids expansion. In addition to vacuolation of liver cells, that the tissue sections showed, with the occurrence of bleeding along the hepatic tissue. The changes in the spleen tissue represented in the occurrence of severe bleeding on the length of the lymphatic tissue of the spleen with infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially macrophages, and the happening of megakaryocytes. There is a remarkable improvement could be noticed in each tissues of cecum, liver and spleen of the infected groups and treatment with metronidazole and the first and second ligands. The improvement ratios were close to some extent : in the treatment group with metronidazole there was observation in tissue cecum to the occurrence of the four layers of its component, and the happening of a little bleeding which, with infiltration of inflammatory cells, and this is roughly similar to what shown by histological sections of two treatments by the first and second ligands. The liver tissue of the group treated with metronidazole showed the occurrence of radially arrangement obviously hepatic cells around the central vein, and liver cells with nuclei appeared clear and centralized with esinophilic cytoplasm, and hepatic cells proliferative as some binucleated hepatocytes, with a simple expansion to sinusoids and the proliferation of kupffer cells, the treatment groups with two ligands marked by the presence of a small clot within the central vein of the liver as well as reported in the treatment group with metronidazole. Tissues sections of the spleen tissue of infected mice treated group by metronidazole showed a clear proliferation of white pulp, which appears containing arterioles clear, white pulp is also surrounded by proliferation red pulp. And showed tissue sections of the group of infected animals and treatment by the first and second ligands as well as the proliferation of lymphocytes, with the presence of megakaryocytes.Showed the three groups non - infected by the first and second ligands and dimethyl sulfoxide, the lack of side effects on each of the cecum tissue, liver and spleen, except for a very simple infiltration of inflammatory cells from macrophages in the cecum of the group treatment by the second ligand
